UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA.  SAN  DIEGO 


3  1822  00364  0208 


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fHE  READER'S  HANDBOOK 


THE 

READERS    HANDBOOK 

•r 

ALLUSIONS,  REFERENCES,  PLOTS 
AND   STORIES 

WITH     TWO     APPENDICES 
BY  THE   REV. 

E.  COBHAM    BREWER,  LL.D. 

TRINITY   HALL,  CAMBRIDGE 

4U1  HOIt    OF     'DICTIONARY    OV    P1IRASR   AND    FABLE"    AMD    "  GU1DB    lt>   &CIBJK31 


mzm 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J.   B.    LIPPINCOTT    COMPANY. 

1896. 


TO  MY  DAUGHTERS, 

NELLIE    AND    AMY, 

©Ijis  Uolume  is  IBrtricattt 

BY    THEIR 

AFFECTIONATE    FATHER 


PREFACE. 


The  object  of  this  Handbook  is  to  supply  readers  and  speakers  with  a  lncid, 
but  very  brief  account  of  such  names  as  are  used  in  allusions  and  references, 
whether  by  poets  or  prose  writers,— to  furnish  those  who  consult  it  with 
the  plot  of  popular  dramas,  the  story  of  epic  poems,  and  the  outline  of 
well-known  tales.     Who  has  not  asked  what  such  and  such  a  book  is  about  ? 
and  who  would  not  be  glad  to  have  his  question  answered  correctly  in  a  few 
words  ?    When  the  title  of  a  play  is  mentioned,  who  has  not  felt  a  desire  to 
know  who  was  the  author  of  it?- for  it  seems  a  universal  practice  to  allude 
to  tho  title  of  dramas  without  stating  the  author.    And  when  reference  ia 
made  to  some  character,  who  has  not  wished  to  know  something  specific  about 
the  person  referred  to?    The  object  of  this  Handbook  is  to  supply  these 
wants.     Thus,  it  gives  in  a  few  lines  the  story  of  Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey, 
of  Virgil's  JEneid,  Lucan's  Pharsalia,  and  the  Thebaid  of  Statius ;  of  Dante's 
Divine  Comedy,  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso,  and  Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered ; 
of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost  and  Paradise  Regained;  of  Thomson's  Seasons; 
of  Ossian's  tales,  the   Nibelungen  Lied  of  the  German  minnesingers,  the 
Bcmance  of  the  Pose,  the  Lusiad  of  Camoens,  the  Loves  of  Theagenes  and 
Charicleia  by  Heliodorus  (fourth  century),  with  the  several  story  poems 
of  Chaucer,  Gower,   Piers    Plowman,  Hawes,    Spenser,  Drayton,  Phineas 
Fletcher,  Prior,  Goldsmith,  Campbell,  Southey,  Byron,  Scott,  Moore,  Tenny- 
son, Longfellow,  and  so  on.     Far  from  limiting  its  scope  to  poets,  the  Hand- 
book tells,  with  similar  brevity,  the  stories  of  our  national  fairy  tales  and 
romances,   such    novels   as   those   by   Charles   Dickens,    Vanity   Fair  by 
Thackeray,   the  Passelas  of  Johnson,    Gulliver's   Travels   by   Swift,   the 
Sentimental  Journey  by  Sterne,  Bon   Quixote  and  Oil  Bias,  Telemachus  by 
Fenelon,  and    Undine  by  De  la  Motte   Fouque.     Great  pains  have  been 
taken  with  the  Arthurian  stories,  whether  from  sir  T.  Malory's  collection  or 
from  tho   Mabinogion,  because  Tennyson  has  brought  them  to  the  front 


riii  PREFACE. 


Jn  his  Idylls  of  the  King ;  and  the  number  of  dramatic  plots  sketched  out 
>«  many  hundreds. 

Another  striking  and  interesting  feature  of  the  book  is  the  revelation  of 
the  source  from  which  dramatists  and  romancers  have  derived  their  stories, 
and  the  strange  repetitions  of  historic  incidents.  Compare,  for  example,  the 
stratagem  of  the  wooden  horse  by  which  Troy  was  taken,  with  those  of  Abu 
Obeidah  in  the  siege  of  Arrestan,  and  that  of  the  capture  of  Sark  from  the 
French,  p.  454.  Compare,  again,  Dido's  cutting  the  hide  into  strips,  with 
the  story  about  the  Yakutsks,  p.  1G4 ;  that  of  Romulus  and  Kemus,  with  the 
story  of  Tyro,  p.  843 ;  the  Shibboleth  of  Scripture  story,  with  those  of  the 
"Sicilian  Vespers,"  and  of  the  Danes  on  St.  Bryce's  Day,  p.  904;  the  story 
of  Pisistratos  and  his  two  sons,  with  that  of  Cosmo  de  Medici  and  his  two 
grandsons,  p.  771 ;  the  death  of  Marcus  Liciuius  Crassus,  with  that  of 
Manlius  Nepos  Aquilius,  p.  392;  and  the  famous  "  Douglas  larder,"  with 
the  larder  of  Wallace  at  Ardrossan,  p.  269.  Witness  the  numerous  (aim 
resembling  that  of  William  Tell  and  the  apple,  p.  980 ;  of  the  Pied  Pip  r  ol 
Hamelin,  p.  706 ;  of  Llewellyn  and  his  dog  Gelert,  p.  369;  of  bishop  Elatto 
and  the  rats,  p.  429  ;  of  Ulysses  and  Polyphemos,  p.  1050 ;  and  of  lord  Lovel's 
bride,  p.  571.  Witness,  again,  the  parallelisms  of  David  in  his  flight  from 
Saul,  and  that  of  Mahomet  from  the  Koreishites,  p.  937 ;  of  Jephtha  and  his 
daughter,  and  the  tale  of'Idomeneus  of  Crete,  or  that  of  Agamemnon  and 
Iphigenia,  p.  491 ;  of  Paris  and  Sextus,  p.  895 ;  Salome  and  Fulvia,  p.  864  ; 
St.  Patrick  preaching  to  king  O'Neil,  and  St.  Areed  before  the  king  of 
Abyssinia,  p.  738 ;  with  scores  of  others  mentioned  in  this  Handbook. 

In  the  appendix  are  added  two  lists,  which  wili  be  found  of  great  use ; 
the  first  contains  the  date  and  author  of  the  several  dramatic  works  set 
down ;  and  the  second,  the  date  of  the  divers  poems  or  novels  given  under 
their  author's  name. 

To  ensure  accuracy,  every  work  alluded  to  in  this  large  volume  has  been 
read  personally  by  the  author  expressly  for  this  Handbook,  and  since  the 
compilation  was  commenced ;  for  although,  at  the  beginning,  a  few  otheri 
were  employed  for  the  sake  of  despatch,  the  author  read  over  for  himself, 
while  the  sheets  were  passing  through  the  press,  the  works  put  into  their 
hands.  The  very  minute  references  to  words  and  phrases,  book  and  chapter, 
act  and  scene,  often  to  page  and  line,  will  be  sufficient  guarantee  to  the  reader 
that  this  assertion  is  not  overstated. 

The  work  is  in  a  measure  novel,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  useful.  It  is  owned 
that  Charles  Lamb  has  told,  and  told  well,  the  Tales  of  Shakespeare ;  but 
Charles  Lamb  has  occupied  more  pages  with  each  tale  than  the  Handbook 
has  lines.  It  is  also  true  that  an  "Argument"  is  generally  attached  to  each 
book  of  an  epic  story  ;  but  the  reading  of  these  rhapsodies  is  like  reading  an 


PREFACE.  i, 

index — few  have  patience  to  wa<le  through  them,  and  fewer  still  obtain  there- 
from any  clear  idea  of  the  spirit  of  the  actors,  or  the  progress  of  the  story. 
Brevity  has  been  the  aim  of  this  Handbook,  but  clearness  has  not  been 
eacrificed  to  terseness ;  and  it  has  been  borne  in  mind  throughout  that  it 
is  not  enough  to  state  a  fact, — it  must  be  stated  attractively,  and  the 
character  described  must  be  drawn  characteristically,  if  the  reader  is  to 
appreciate  it,  and  feel  an  interest  in  what  he  reads. 

It  would  be  most  unjust  to  conclude  this  preface  without  publicly 
acknowledging  the  great  obligation  which  the  author  owes  to  the  printer's 
reader  while  the  sheets  were  passing  through  the  press.  He  seems  to  bave 
entered  into  the  very  spirit  of  the  book ;  his  judgment  has  been  sound,  his 
queries  have  been  intelligent,  his  suggestions  invaluable,  and  even  some  of 
the  articles  were  supplied  by  him. 


Those  verses  Introduced  bnt  not  signed,  or  signed  with  initials  only,  are  by  the  author  of  the 
Handbook.  They  are  the  Stomello  Verses,  p.  948 ;  Nones  and  Ides,  p.  689  ;  the  Seven  Wise  Men, 
p.  894;  the  Seven  Wonders  of  the  World,  p.  894;  and  the  following  translations: — Lucan's  "Ser- 
pents," p.  759;  "Veni  Wakefield  peramainum."  p.  373;  specimen  of  Tyrtwos,  p.  1047  ;  "  Vos  non 
vobis,"  p.  1075;  "  Roi  d'Yvetot,"  p.  1126;  "Non  amo  te,"  p.  1126;  Marot's  epigram,  p.  669;  epigram 
on  a  violin,  p.  1070  ;  epigram  on  the  Fair  Rosamond,  p.  844  ;  the  Heidelberg  tun,  p.  10 10 ;  IMsmas  and 
Oesmas,  pp.  248,  375;  "Roger  Bontemps,"  p.  839  ;  "Le  bon  roi  Dagobert,"  p.  678  ;  "Pauvre  Jacques," 
p.  741  ;  Virgil's  epitaph,  p.  1070;  "Cunctis  mare,"  p.  874;  "  Ni  {allot  f.itum,"  p.  879;  St.  Elmo. 
•».  859;  Baviad,  etc.,  pp.  85,  691;  several  oracular  responses  (see  Pbopuect,  p.  795;  Woodu 
'•Vau-s,  p.  1117 ;  etc.);  and  many  others.  The  chief  object  of  this  note  Is  to  prevent  any 
lurch  after  these  trifle*. 


CONTENTS   OF   THE    VOLUME. 

Animals  admitted  into  paradise,  p.  933 ;  animals  with  human  speech,  p.  1073 

A  thens,  the  violet-crowned  city,  p.  1070. 

Authors  and  dates  of  dramas,  operas,  and  oratorios,  Appendix  I. 

Children  of  precocious  genius,  p.  789 ;  calculating  boys,  p.  149. 

Curiosities  connected  with  dates,  dynasties,  names,  and  letters  (see  M). 

Dates  of  poems,  novels,  tales,  and  so  on,  of  our  best  authors,  Appendix  II 

Death  by  wild  horses,  p.  1102 ;  death  from  strange  causes,  p.  242. 

Dying  words  of  historic  characters,  p.  282. 

Elastic  tents,  ships,  horses,  and  carpets,  p.  983. 

End  of  the  world,  p.  1118;  an  endless  tale,  p.  515,  col.  2,  last  art. 

Errors  of  references  and  illustrations,  pp.  301-7  ;  anachronisms,  p.  34  ;  etc. 

Examinations,  stock  books  and  pieces  for,  p.  1009. 

Foote's  farrago  of  nonsense,  p.  727  ;  "  An  Austrian  army  ..."  p.  719  ;  Tom 
Tusser's  T  totals,  p.  968;  Stornello  Verses,  p.  948;  "The  cipher  you 
sigh  for,"  p.  190. 

Harmonious  blacksmith,  who,  and  where  he  lived,  p.  1096. 

Historical,  legendary,  dramatic,  and  other  parallels. 

Kin^s  of  Ireland,  p.  1049,  art.  Ulster  ;  kings  of  England,  p.  517  ;  kings  of 
France,  p.  518  ;  surnames  of  kings,  pp.  511-15.     (See  Sovereigns.) 

Legends,  such  as  "The  Devil's  Dyke,"  Brighton,  p.  249;  the  "Jackdaw  of 
Rheims,"  p.  826  ;  the  sinner  saved,  p.  915  ;  and  niauy  others. 

Lists  of  bogie  names,  p.  675 ;  of  noted  diamonds  and  nuggets,  dwarfs  and 
giants,  fools  and  jesters;  favourites  of  great  men,  p.  573  ;  improvisators; 
kings  with  character  names,  pp.  511-15 ;  knights  ;  literary  impostors, 
pp.  469-70 ;  of  lives  exceeding  100  years,  p.  564  ;  of  lord  mayors  who  have 
founded  noble  houses,  p.  626  ;  of  medical  quacks,  pp.  804-6 ;  of  the 
oaths  of  great  men,  relics,  revolutionary  songs,  ring  posies,  runners, 
the  sagas;  instances  of  spontaneous  combustion,  p.  938;  water  standards, 
pp.  941;  strong  men,  pp.  949-50;  the  ill-fated  Stuarts,  p.  950;  sum- 
inonr-ea  to  death,  p.  954;  famous  swimmers,  p.  964;  United  States  o' 
America,  p.  30 ;  warniug-givera,  pp.  1082-87  ;  etc. 


CONTKNTS. 


Marriage  a  civil  contract  in  Shakes{>eare's  time  (see  Vincentio,  p.  1068). 

Men  with  tails,  p.  969  ;  men  turned  to  wolves,  p.  1114. 

Miracle-workers  or  Thaumaturgi,  p.  988. 

Musical  instruments  which  played  at  a  bidding,  p.  979. 

Names  and  characters  of  dramas,  novels,  tales,  romances,  epic  poems,  etc 

Nine  tailors  make  a  man,  p.  970. 

Numbers  associated  with  great  names :  as  September  3  with  Cromwell,  p 
222;  number  2  with  Napoleon,  p.  G77  ;  number  7  with  llicnzi,  p.  892 ; 
number  88  with  the  Stuarts,  p.  951 ;  number  2  unlucky  in  the  English 
dynasties,  p.  1045  ;  number  3,  pp.  997-99. 

Omens  of  evil  averted,  p.  1034. 

Painters  and  sculptors  who  have  rivalled  nature,  p.  7_!l  ;  characteristics  of 
noted  artists,  pp.  721-22. 

Parallel  talcs  :  as  Perrette  and  her  milk-pail,  p.  763;  Scogan's  jest,  p.  878; 
the  "  House  that  Jack  built,"  p.  45G  ;  Parncll's  Hermit,  p.  440 ;  Wolsry's 
remark,  "  Had  I  but  served  my  God  .  .  ."  p.  891 ;  Shylock  and  Sam;>- 
son  Ceneda,  p.  907;  sir  Philip  Sidney  at  Zutphen,  Alexander,  and  l>avid, 
p.  908  ;  Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves  and  Tycho  in  German  "  history," 
p.  1046;  Don  Quixote  and  the  Hock  of  sheep,  p.  *.  *  *  >  1  ;  William  Tell  and 
the  apple,  p.  980  ;  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  Philip,  with  Importunate 
women,  1022  ;  and  scores  of  others. 

Pests,  the  use  of,  p.  1054. 

Plata  of  plays,  the  stories  of  epic  poems,  ballads,  and  other  talcs  in  verse  and 
prose.  Travellers'  talcs,  p.  1023  ;  the  romance  of  famous  pictures:  as 
Hogarth's  "  Undertakers'  Arms,"  p.  606  ;  Doyle's  immortal  "  Punch  and 
Toby,"  p.  1012  ;  and  many  others. 

Poets,  p.  778 ;  cluster  poets,  p.  775  ;  cyclic  poets,  p.  230 

Pseudonyms,  epinyms,  nicknames,  titular  surnames,  names  of  similitude, 
initialisms,  pet  names  given  to  French  kings  (p.  518),  etc. 

Saints  who  are  patrons  of  diseases,  places,  and  trades,  pp.  860-62. 

Science,  heresy  of,  p.  438 ;  men  of  science  persecuted,  p.  1111. 

Sex  changed,  p.  1115. 

Sleepers  or  men  not  dead,  but  only  biding  their  time,  pp.  919-29. 

Slo-Fair,  Chichester,  p.  922. 

Snap,  Norwich  ;  another  at  Metz,  p.  925. 

Snow  Kings,  p.  927  ;  White  King,  p.  1098;  White  Queen,  p.  806. 

Sovereigns  of  England,  their  titles  and  superscriptions,  p.  849 ;  the  days  of 
their  death,  p.  933 ;  the  fatality  of  three  successors,  p.  517  ;  Saturday 
not  a  fatal  day,  pp.  871  and  933  ;  etc.     (See  Kings.) 

Speech  possessed  by  dumb  animals,  p.  1073;  given  to  conceal  thought,  p.  936. 


CONTENTS.  ilki 


Stimulants  used  by  public  actors  and  orators,  p.  916. 

Stock  Exchange  nicknames,  p.  946. 

Street  nomenclature. 

Sinking  lines  of  noted  authors,  and  sayings  of  great  men. 

Superstitious  and  traditions  about  animals,  precious  stones,  etc.,  pp.  955—61. 

Thieves  screened  by  kings,  p.  992;  thieves  of  historic  note,  pp.  993-94  ;  tin 

penitent  and  impenitent,  248. 
The  Times  newspaper,  p.  1006. 

The  twelve  Table  Knights;  twelve  Paladins  ;  twelve  Wise  Masters;  etc 
Three  a  sacred  number,  pp.  997-99. 

Thirteen  precious  things,  p.  991 ;  thirteen  unlucky,  p.  9'J5. 
Titles  and  superscriptions  of  the  popes,  p.  785. 
Toad  with  an  R,  p.  1012. 
Touching  lor  the  king's  evil,  p.  1019. 
Transformations,  p.  1023. 
Trees  noted  for  specific  virtues  and  uses,  pp.  1025-31 ;  largost  in  the  world, 

p.  1025. 
Unlucky  possessions,  p.  1052. 

Vicarious  punishment  (art.  Zeleucus),  p.  1129;  whipping  boys,  p.  1096. 
Vulnerable  parts  of  different  heroes,  p.  1076  ;  invulnerability,  p.  474. 
Warning-givers,  pp.  1082-87. 
Waste  time  utilized,  p.  1088. 
Welsh  Triads,  pp.  999-1001. 
Wind  sold,  p.  1108. 
Wines  named  from  their  effects,  p.  1109;   three-men  wine,  p.  1109;   the 

rascal  who  drank  wine  out  of  a  boot,  p.  10 10  (see  Tun). 
Women  changed  to  men;   made  of  flowers;   the  nine  worthy;  abandoned 

women,  p.  1115. 
Wooden  horse  of  Troy  and  parallel  stories,  p.  1117. 
Wisdom  honoured,  p.  1110;  wisdom  persecuted,  p.  1111. 

When  no  none  Is  added,  look  under  the  word  with  a  canltal  Initial  lattar 


THE  READER'S  HANDBOOK. 


1ATROK",  a  Moor,  beloved  by  Tam'- 
ora,  queen  of  the  Goths,  in  the  tragedy 
of  Titus  Andron'icus,  published  amongst 
the  plays  of  Shakespeare  (1593). 

(The  classic  name  is  Andronlcus,  but 
the  character  of  thia  play  is  purely 
fictitious.) 

Aaron  (St.),  a  British  martyr  of  the 
City  of  Legions  (Newport,  in  South 
Wales).  He  was  torn  limb  from  limb  by 
order  of  Maximian'us  Ilercu'lius,  general 
in  Britain,  of  the  army  of  Diocle'tian. 
Two  churches  were  founded  in  the  City  of 
Legions,  one  in  honour  of  St.  Aaron  and 
one  in  honour  of  his  fellow-martyr,  St. 
Julius.  Newport  was  called  Caerleon  by 
the  British. 

. .  .  two  others  .  .  .  sealed  their  doctrine  with  their  blood  ; 
St.  Julius,  and  with  him  St.  Aaron,  have  their  room 
At  Carleon,  suffering  death  by  Diocletian's  doom. 

Drayton,  I'olyolbion,  xiiv.  (1622). 

Aaz'iz  (3syl.),  so  the  queen  of  Sheba 
or  Saba  is  sometimes  called  ;  but  in  the 
Koran  she  is  called  Balkis  (ch.  xxvii.). 

Abad'don,  an  angel  of  the  bottomless 
pit  (Rev.  ix.  11).  The  word  is  derived  from 
the  Hebrew,  abad,  "lost,"  and  means  the 
lost  one.  There  are  two  other  angels  intro- 
duced by  Klopstock  in  The  Messiah  with 
similar  names,  but  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  angel  referred  to  in 
Rev.;  one  is  Obaddon,  the  angel  of  death, 
and  the  other  Abbad'ona,  the  repentant 
devil. 

Ab'aris,  to  whom  Apollo  gave  a 
golden  arrow,  on  which  to  ride  through 
the  air. — See  Dictionary  of  Phrase  ana 
FMe. 

Abbad'ona,  once  the  friend  of  Ab'- 
dicl,  was  drawn  into  the  rebellion  of 
Uatan  half  unwillingly.  In  hell  he  con- 
fctantly  bewailed  his*  fall,  and  reproved 
Satan  for  his  pride  and  blasphemv.  He 
1 


openly  declared  to  the  infernals  that  he 
would  take  no  part  or  lot  in  Satan's 
scheme  for  the  death  of  the  Messiah,  and 
during  the  crucifixion  lingered  about  the 
cross  with  repentance,  hope,  and  fear. 
His  ultimate  fate  we  are  not  told,  but 
when  Satan  and  Adramelech  are  driven 
back  to  hell,  Obaddon,  the  angel  of  death, 
says — 

"  For  thee,  Abbadona,  I  have  no  orders.  How  long 
thou  art  permitted  to  remain  on  earth  I  know  not,  nor 
whether  thou  wilt  be  allowed  to  see  the  resurrection  of 
the  Lord  of  glory  •  •  •  but  be  not  deceived,  thou  canst 
not  view  Him  with  the  joy  of  the  redeemed."  "  Yet  let 
me  see  Him,  let  me  see  Him  1  "—Klopstock,  The  Meiriah, 
xiiL 

Abberville  (Lord),  a  young  noble- 
man, 23  years  of  age,  who  has  for 
travelling  tutor  a  Welshman  of  65,  called 
Dr.  Druid,  an  antiquary,  wholly  igno- 
rant of  his  real  duties  as  a  guide  of  youth. 
The  young  man  runs  wantonly  wild, 
squanders  his  money,  and  gives  loose  te 
his  passions  almost  to  the  verge  of  ruin, 
but  he  is  arrested  and  reclaimed  by  his 
honest  Scotch  bailiff  or  financier,  and  the 
vigilance  of  his  father's  executor,  Mr. 
Mortimer.  This  "fashionable  lover" 
promises  marriage  to  a  vulgar,  malicious 
city  minx  named  Lucinda  Bridgcmore, 
but  is  saved  from  this  pitfall  also. — Cum- 
berland, The  Fashionable  Lover  (1780). 

Abdal-azis,  the  Moorish  governor 
of  Spain  after  the  overthrow  of  king 
Roderick.  When  the  Moor  assumed 
regal  state  and  affected  Gothic  sovereignty, 
his  subjects  were  so  offended  that  they 
revolted  and  murdered  him.  He  married 
Egilona,  formerly  the  wife  of  Roderick. — 
Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xxii.  (1811). 

Ab'dalaz'iz  (Omar  ben),  a  caliph 
raised  to  "  Mahomet's  bosom  "  in  reward 
of  his  great  abstinence  and  self-denial. — 
Herbclot,  690. 

He  was  by  no  means  scrupulous  ;  nor  did  he  think 
with  the  caliph  Omar  ben  Abdalazlz  that  it  was  iieM*- 
sary  to  mako  a  hell  of  this  world  to  enjoy  paradise  In  taa 
uexU— W.  Leckiurd,  Yathck  (17S6). 


") 


ABDALDAR. 


ARSOLON. 


Abdal'dar,  one  of  the  magicians  in 
the  Domdaniel  oav>  rns,  "  under  the  roots 
of  the  ocean."  These  spirits  were  destined 
to  be  destroyed  by  one  of  the  race  of 
Hodei'rah  (3  syl.),  so  they  persecuted 
the  race  even  to  death.  Only  one 
survived,  named  Thal'aba,  and  Abdaldar 
was  appointed  by  lot  to  find  him  out  and 
kill  him.  He  discovered  the  stripling  in 
an  Arab's  tent,  and  while  in  prayer  was 
about  to  stab  him  to  the  heart  with  a 
dagger,  when  the  angel  of  death  breathed 
on  him,  and  he  fell  dead  with  the  dagger 
in  his  hand.  Thalaba  drew  from  the 
magician's  finger  a  ring  which  gave  him 
command  over  the  spirits. — Southoy, 
Thalaba  the  Destroyer,  ii.  iii.  (17'.'7j. 

Abdalla,  one  of  sir  Brian  do  Bois 
Guilbert's  slaves. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  [vanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

AMal'lah,  brother  and  predecessor  of 
Giaf'fer  (2  syl.),  pacha  of  Aby'dos.  He 
was  murdered  by  the  pacha. — Byron, 
Bride  of  Abydos. 

Abdal'lah  el  Hadgi,  Saladin's  en- 
voy.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Abdals  or  Santons,  a  class  of  re- 
ligionists who  pretend  to  be  inspired 
with  the  most  ravishing  raptures  of 
divine  love.  Regarded  with  great  vene- 
ration by  the  vulgar. — Olcarius,  i.  971. 

Abde'rian  Laughter,  scoffing 
laughter,  so  called  from  AbdOra,  the 
birthplace  of  Democ'ritus,  the  scoffing  or 
laughing  philosopher. 

Ab'diel,  the  faithful  seraph  who 
withstood  Satan  when  he  urged  those 
under  him  to  revolt. 

. . .  tho  seraph  Alullel.  faithful  found 
Among  the  faithless  ;  faithful  only  he 
Among  innumerable  false;  unmoved, 
Cnshaken,  unseduced,  unterrlflod, 
His  loyalty  he  kept,  his  love,  his  zeal 

Milton,  ParadUe  Lott,  V.  8»6,  etc.  (1665). 

Abensberg  (Count),  the  father  of 
thirty-two  children.  When  Heinrich  II. 
made  his  progress  through  Germany,  and 
other  courtiers  presented  their  offerings, 
the  count  brought  forward  his  thirty-two 
children,  "  as  the  most  valuable  offering 
he  could  make  to  his  king  and  country." 

Abes'sa,  the  impersonation  of  abbeys 
•nd  convents  in  Spenser's  Faery  Queen, 
i.  3,  She  is  the  paramour  of  Kirk- 
rapine,  who  used  to  rob  churches  and 
poor-boxes,  and  bring  his  plunder  to 
Abessa,  daughter  of  Corceca  (Blindness 
'  Hettrt). 


Abney",  called  Young  Ainey,  the 
friend  of  colonel  Albert  Lee,  a  royalist. — 
Sir  W,  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  the  Com- 
monwealth). 

Abon  Hassan,  a  young  merchant  of 
Bagdad,  and  hero  of  the  tale  called  "  The 
Sleeper  Awakened,"  in  the  Arabian  Nigktf 
Kntertainiiwnts.  While  Abon  Hassan 
is  asleep  he  is  conveyed  to  the  pal  in-  of 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  and  the  attendants 
are  ordered  to  do  everything  they  can  to 
make  him  fancy  himself  the  caliph.  He 
subsequently  becomes  the  caliph's  chief 
favourite. 

Shakespeare,     in      the     induction     of 
Taming    of  the  Shrew,  befools    " 
tophei    Sly"    in  a   similar  way,  but   61* 
thinks  it  was  "  nothing  but  a  dream." 

Philipp«  le  />'<<;»,  duke  of  Burgundy,  »Q 
his  marriage  with  Deonom,  tried  the 
same  trick. — Burton,  Anatomy  of  Melan- 
choly, ii.  J,  1. 

Abra,  the  most  beloved  of  Solomon's 
concubines. 

Fruits  thtir  odour  lost  and  meats  thrlr  tute. 
If  smth  abra  had  not  deekad  the  h 

Dl  i and  did  thr  .parkiing  g»tilet  stand, 

fr.irn  Bsntll  Ahrn'i  hand  ;  .   .  . 
Nnr  amid  in)  soul  approM  the  tuiulc's  time 
Till  all  was  hushed,  and  Abra  sang  aJ.ui- 

M.  Prior.  Solomon  (1684- 17J1). 

Ab'radas,  the  great  Macedonian 
pirate. 

Alirodas,  the  great  Macedonian  plrnt,  thought  rn-ry 
one  had  a  letter  of  mart  that  bare  (ayles  In  the  ocean.— 
Greene,  Penelopt't  »'«6(ienl). 

A'braham's  Offering  [Gen.  xxii.). 
Abraham  at  the  command  of  God  laid  bis 
only  son  Isaac  upon  an  altar  to  sacrifice 
him  to  Jehovah,  when  his  hand  was  stayed 
and  a  ram  substituted  for  Isaac. 

So  Agamemnon  at  Aulis  was  about  to 
offer  up  his  daughter  lphigeni'a  at  the 
command  of  Artemis  (Diana),  when 
Artemis  carried  her  off  in  a  cloud  and 
substituted  a  stag  instead. 

Abroc'omas,  the  lover  of  An'thia  i* 
the  Greek  romance  of  EphesCaa,  bv 
Xenophon  of  Ephesus  (not  the  historian). 

Ab'salom,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitophel,  is  meant  for  the  duke  of 
Monmouth,  natural  son  of  Charles  II. 
(David).  Like  Absalom,  the  duke  was 
handsome;  like  Absalom,  he  was  loved 
and  rebellious;  and  like  Absalom,  his 
rebellion  ended  in  his  death  ( 1 G  19-  I 

^  Ab'solon,  a  priggish  parish  clerk  in 
Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales.  His  hair 
was  curled,  his  slims  slashed,  his  hoM 
red.     He  could  let  blood,  cut   aair,  and 


ABSOLUTE. 


ACHILLES. 


•have,  could  dance,  and  play  either  on 
the  ribible  or  the  gittcrn.  This  gay  spark 
paid  his  addresses  to  Mistress  Alison,  the 
young  wife  of  John,  a  rich  but  aged  car- 
penter ;  but  Alison  herself  loved  a  poor 
scholar  named  Nicholas,  a  lodger  in  the 
house.— The  Miller's  Tale  (1388). 

Absolute  {Sir  Anthony),  a  testy,  but 
warm-hearted  old  gentleman,  who  ima- 
gines that  he  possesses  a  most  angelic 
temper,  and  when  he  quarrels  with  his  son, 
the  captain  fancies  it  is  the  son  who  is 
Out  of  temper,  and  not  himself.  Smol- 
lett's "Matthew  Bramble" evidently  sug- 
gested this  character.  William  Dowton 
(1764-1851)  was  the  best  actor  of  this 
part. 

Captain  Absolute,  son  of  sir  Anthony,  in 
love  with  Lydia  Languish,  the  heiress,  to 
whom  he  is  known  only  as  ensign  Bever- 
ley. Bob  Acres,  his  neighbour,  is  his 
rival,  and  sends  a  challenge  to  the  un- 
known ensign  ;  but  when  he  finds  that 
ensign  Beverley  is  captain  Absolute,  he 
declines  to  fight,  and  resigns  all  further 
claim  to  the  lady's  hand. — Sheridan,  The 
Rivals  (1775). 

When  you  saw  Jack  Palmers  in  "  captain  Absolute,"  yon 
thought  you  could  trace  his  promotion  to  some  lady  of 
quality,  who  fancied  the  handsome  fellow  in  his  top-knot* 
and  had  bought  him  a  commission.— Charles  Lamb. 

Abu'dah,  in  the  Tales  of  the  Genii,  by 
H.  Ridley,  is  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Bag- 
dad, who  goes  in  quest  of  the  talisman  of 
Oroma'nes,  which  he  is  driven  to  seek  by 
a  little  old  hag,  who  haunts  him  every 
night  and  makes  his  life  wretched.  He 
finds  at  last  that  the  talisman  which  is  to 
free  him  of  this  hag  [conscience]  is  to 
"  fear  God  and  keep  His  command- 
ments." 

Abu'dah,  in  the  drama  called  The  Siege 
of  Damascus,  by  John  Hughes  (1720),  is 
the  next  in  command  to  Caled  in  the 
Arabian  army  set  down  before  Damascus. 
Though  undoubtedly  brave,  he  prefers 
peace  to  war ;  and  when,  at  the  death  of 
Caled,  he  succeeds  to  the  chief  command, 
he  makes  peace  with  the  Syrians  on 
honourable  terms. 

Acade'mus,  an  Attic  hero,  whose 
garden  was  selected  by  Plato  for  the  place 
of  his  lectures.  Hence  his  disciples  were 
called  the  "Academic  sect." 

The  green  retreats  of  Academns. 

Akeusido,  l'lemurct  of  Imagination,  L 

Aca'dia  {i.e.  Nova  Scotia),  so  called 
ly  the  French  from  the  river  [ShvbenY- 
oicadie.  In  1621  Acadia  was  given  to  sir 
Willian.  Alexander,  and  :.ta  Dame  changed ; 


and  in  1755  the  old  French  settlers  wer-j 
driven  into  exile  by  George  II.  Long- 
fellow has  made  this  the  subject  of  a  poem 
in  hexameter  verse,  called  Evan'geline 
(4  syl.). 

Acas'to  {Lord),  father  of  Seri'no, 
Casta'lio,  and  Polydore  ;  and  guardian  <>t 
Monimia  "the  orphan."  He  lived  to  see 
the  death  of  his  sons  and  his  ward. 
Polydore  ran  on  his  brother's  sword,  Cas- 
talio  stabbed  himself,  and  Monimia  took 
poison. — Otway,  T/ie  Orphan  (1680). 

Accidente  I  (4  syl.),  a  nurse  and 
oath  much  used  in  Italy. 

Accidente !  ce  qui  vent  dire  en  bon  f  cais :  Puis-tn 
mourir  d'aecideut,  sans  confession  «mue.  — Mona. 
About,  Tolla  (a  tale). 

Aces'tes  (3  syl.).  In  a  rial  of  skill 
Acestes,the  Sicilian,  discha'  ,ed  his  arrow 
with  such  force  that  it  took  fire  from  the 
friction  of  the  air. —  The  JEaeid,  Bk.  V. 

Like  Acestes'  shaft  of  old, 
The  swift  thought  kindles  as  it  flies-. 

Longfellow,  To  a  Child. 

Achates  [A-Jca'-teze],  called  by  Virgil 
"  fidus  Achates."  The  name  has  become  a 
synonym  for  a  bosom  friend,  a  crony,  but 
is  generally  used  laughingly.— TheJEneiiL 

He,  like  Achates,  faithful  to  the  tomb. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  i.  159. 

Acher'ia,  the  fox,  went  partnership 
with  a  bear  in  a  bowl  of  milk.  Before 
the  bear  arrived,  the  fox  skimmed  off  the 
cream  and  drank  the  milk  ;  then,  filling 
the  bowl  with  mud,  replaced  the  cream 
atop.  Says  the  fox,  "Here  is  the  bowl  ; 
one  shall  have  the  cream,  and  the  other 
all  the  rest:  choose,  friend,  which  you 
like."  The  bear  told  the  fox  to  take  the 
cream,  and  thus  bruin  had  only  the  mud. 
— A  Basque  Tale. 

A  similar  tale  occurs  in  Campbell's 
Popular  Talesof  the  West  Highlands  (ui.  98), 
called  "The  Keg  of  Butter."  The  wolf 
chooses  the  bottom  when  "oats"  were  the 
object  of  choice,  and  the  top  when  "pota- 
toes "  were  the  sowing. 

Rabelais  tells  the  same  tale  about  a 
farmer  and  the  devil.  Each  was  to  have 
on  alternate  years  what  grew  under  and 
over  the  soil.  The  farmer  sowed  turnips 
and  carrots  when  the  undersoil  produce 
came  to  his  lot,  and  barley  or  wheat  when 
his  turn  was  the  ortv-soil  produce. 

Ac'heron,  the  "  River  of  C.rief,"  and 
one  of  the  five  rivers  of  hell  ;  hell  itself. 
(Greek,  ti\ot  pia,  "I  flow  with  grief.") 

Sad  Acheron  of  sorrow,  black  ami  deep, 

Milton,  Paraduo  Lent,  li.  678  (1G«) 

AchilTes   (3   syl.),   the  hero  of  th« 


ACHILLES'  HEEL. 


ACRES. 


allied  Greek  army  in  the  siege  of  Troy, 
and  king  of  the  Myr'midons. — See  Dic- 
tionary of  Phrase  and  1 1 

The  English  Achilles,  John  Talbot,  first 
earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1373-1453). 

The  duke  of  Wellington  is  so  called 
sometimes,  and  is  represented  by  a  statue 
of  Achilles  of  gigantic  size  in  Hyde 
Park,  London,  close  to  Apsley  House 
(1709-1852). 

The  Achilles  of  Germany,  Albert,  elec- 
tor of  Brandenburg  (1414-1486). 

Achilles  of  Home,  Sicin'ius  Denta'tus 
(put  to  death  n.c.  450). 

Achilles'  Heel,  the  vulnerable  part. 
It  is  said  that  when  Thetis  dipped  I 
in  the  river  Styx  to  make  him  invulner- 
able, she  held  him  by  the  heel,  and  the 
part  covered  by  her  hand  was  the  only 
part  not  washed  by  the  water.  This  is  a 
-post-Homeric  story. 

I  Ilnnorcr]  Is  the  Achillea'  heel  to  Invulnerable  England. 
— Carlyle. 

(Sometimes  Ireland  is  called  the  Achil- 
les' heel  of  England.) 

%*  Similarly,  the  only  vulnerable  part 
of  Orlando  was  the  sole  of  his  font,  and 
hence  when  Bernardo  del  Carpio  i 
him  at  Koncesvalles,  and  found  that  he 
could  not  wound  him,  he  lifted  him  up  in 
his  arms  and  squeezed  hiin  to  death,  as 
Hercules  did  AnUe'os. 

Achilles'  Spear.  Tclephns  tried  to 
stop  the  inarch  of  the  Greek  army  on  its 
way  to  Troy,  and  received  a  wound  from 
Achilles.  The  oracle  told  him  as  "Achil- 
les gave  the  wound,  only  Achilles  could 
cure  it."  Whereupon  Telephus  went  t<> 
the  tent  of  the  hero,  and  was  cured,  tome 
say  by  a  herb  called  "  Achilles,"  and 
others  say  by  an  emplastriuni  of  nut 
scraped  from  the  spear.  Hence  it  was 
said  that  "Achilles'  spear  could  both  hurt 
and  heal." — l'lin.  xxv.  5. 

Whose  smile  and  frown,  like  to  Achilles'  si  ear, 
Is  able  with  the  chanxe  to  kill  or  cure. 

Shakespeare.  2  Jlenry  17.  act  v.  sc.  1  (1S91). 

Achit'ophel,  "Him  who  drew  Achit- 
ophel,"  Dryden,  author  of  the  famous 
political  satire  of  Absalom  and  Acliit- 
ophcl.  "David"  is  Charles  II. ;  his  rebel- 
lions son  "Absalom"  is  the  king's  natural 
eon,  the  handsome  but  rebellious  .lames 
duke  of  Monmouth;  and  "  Achitophel,'' 
the  traitorous  counsellor,  is  the  earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  "for  close  designs  and 
crooked  counsels  tit." 

Can  sneer  at  him  who  drew  AchltopbeL 

Byron,  ten  /nan,  iii.  100. 
There  h  n  portrait  of  the  iir>t  url  ,.r  Bhs 
U'ridens"  AihiUn)h»r')ualoidcliuiitell  >r  of  England.  chid 


In  ash-coloured  rot**,  bemuse  he  had  never  bsaa  ritlisl  IB 
the  bar.— E.  Yates.  VtUbruUt,  itLU. 

Acidalia,  a  fountain  in  Ifceo'ti a,  sacred 
to   Venus.      The    I  bath* 

therein.     Venus  was  called  Aeidalia  (Vir- 
gil, JEneid,  i.  720). 

AflT  she  weary  was 
With  bathing  In  the  AcMallan  brook. 

Spenser.  KpitkalamUm  (1980) 

A'cis,  a  Sicilian  shepherd,  loved  by  the 
nymph    (ialate'a.       Th- 
pneme  (8  tut.  i,  a  I 

and  crushed  him  under  a  huge  rock.    The 
blood  of 
the  same  name  at  the  fool  of  mom  I 

Not  such  a  pipe.  d«x»l  reader,  as  that  wwawl  Arts  did 
SWreUy   Ui  dalaa.    lait  one    ri   true 

I»elll  manufacture.— W.  Ir»lnic. 

Ackland  -is),  a  rovalist.-- 

Sir  \\  .  ';  (time,  It. 

ilth). 

Ac'oe  (3  ay/.),  "  hearing,"  in  t! 

nent   sense  17),    "  laith 

Cometh  by  bearing. n     The  nurse  of   Kido 
[j'aith].      Her   daughter    is   Meditation. 

With  him  [ralUt]  liii  nurse  went,  careful  Acne. 
Whose  hands  first  from   his  muUiers  woutb  did  tea* 
him. 
And  ever  since  hare  fostered  ssssd 

I'hln.  r  U  I.  her.  Tk»  l'ur,U  Uland.  la.  (18B1. 

Acras'ia,   Intemperance   per* 

i  -  an  enchantress  living 
in  the  "  Lower  of  Bliss,"  in  "  Wandering 

Island.'1     She   had    the    power    of    | 
forming  her  lovers  into  monstrous  shatx-s  ; 
but  sir  Guy  on  (temmrwtce),  having  caught 

her  in  a  net  ami   bound   her,  1  j r< >k < 
her  bower  and   burnt  it  to  ashes. - 

,.  ii.  \-:  (l. 

Acra'tes  (3  si//.),    Incontinence  per- 
■onified  in  The  P%  PhinaM 

Fletcher.      He  bad    tWO 

Caro,    viz.,     Id  ,    and 

Gluttony,  both  fully  described  Ln 

fit    (Greek,  afcratt's,  "  incontinent.") 

7c5(3.si//.),  Incontinence |>er8onined 

M  r.        He    II 

the  father  of  Cvmoch'lcs  and  l'vr 
— I'.k.  ii.  4  (I 

Acres    (/>V)),    a   country    gentleman, 
the  rival  of  ensign  Beverley,  mat  captain 
Absolute,  for  the  hand  and  heart  of  l.y.lin 
Languish,    the  heiress,      lie    I 
the  man  of  fashion,  gets  himself  n 
loud  swell,  and  uses  ".sentimental  i 
i.e.  oaths  bearing  so  the  subject,     'ihus 
if  duels  are  spoken  of  hi 
and  flints  ;  if  clot) 

bouri;  if  mnsic, ods  sssaaaataTsai [minima] sastfj 
crotchets  :  if  ladies,  >/>  blushes  ■.nui  'Muums. 


ACRISIUS. 


ADAM. 


This  "he  learnt  from  a  militia  officer,  who 
told  him  the  ancients  swore  by  Jove, 
Bacchus,  Mars,  Venus,  Minerva,  etc., 
according  to  the  sentiment.  Bob  Acres 
is  a  great  blusterer,  and  talks  big  of  his 
daring,  but  when  put  to  the  push  "his 
courage  always  oozed  out  of  his  fingers' 
ends."  J.  Quick  was  the  original  Bob 
Acres.— Sheridan,  The  Rivals  (1775). 

As  thro'  his  palms  /Sob  A  era?  valour  oozed. 
So  Juan's  virtue  ebbed,  I  know  not  how. 

Byron,  Dan  Juan. 

Acris'ius,  father  of  Dan'ae.  An 
oracle  declared  that  Danae  would  give 
birth  to  a  son  who  would  kill  him,  so 
Acrisius  kept  his  daughter  shut  up  in  an 
apartment  under  ground,  or  (as  some  say) 
in  a  brazen  tower.  Here  she  became  the 
mother  of  Per'seus  (2  syl.),  by  Jupiter  in 
the  form  of  a  shower  of  gold.  The  king 
of  Argos  now  ordered  his  daughter  and 
her  infant  to  be  put  into  a  chest,  and 
cast  adrift  on  the  sea,  but  they  were 
rescued  by  Dictys,  a  fisherman.  When 
grown  to  manhood,  Perseus  accidentally 
struck  the  foot  of  Acrisius  with  a  quoit, 
and  the  blow  caused  his  death.  This  tale 
is  told  by  Mr.  Morris  in  The  Earthly 
Paradise  (April). 

Actse'on,  a  hunter,  changed  by  Diana 
into  a  stag.    A  synonym  for  a  cuckold. 

Divulge   Pago   himself  for  a  secure    and   wilful  Actason 
[cuckold].  ... 

Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives,  etc.,  act  ill.  sc  2  (L>9o). 

Aete'a,  a  female  slave  faithful  to  Nero 
in  his  fall.  It  was  this  hetsera  who 
wrapped  the  dead  body  in  cerements,  and 
saw  it  decently  interred. 

This  Actea  was  beautiful.  She  was  seated  on  the 
ground  ;  the  head  of  Nero  was  on  her  lap.  his  naked  body 
was  stretched  on  those  winding-sheets  in  which  she  was 
about  to  fold  him,  to  lay  him  in  his  grave  upon  the  garden 
hill. — Ouida,  Ariadne,  i.  7. 

Ac'tius  Since'rus,  the  nom  de  plume 
of  the  Italian  poet  Sannazaro,  called 
«  The  Christian  Virgil  "  (1458-1530). 

Actors  and  Actresses.  The  last 
male  actor  that  took  a  woman's  character 
on  the  stage  was  Edward  Kynaston,  noted 
for  his  beautv  (1619-1687).  The  first 
female  actor  for  hire  was  Mrs.  Saunder- 
Bon,  afterwards  Mrs.  Betterton,  who  died 
in  1712. 

Ad,  Ad'ites  (2  syl.).  Ad  is  a  tribe 
descended  from  Ad,  son  of  Uz,  son  of 
I  rem,  son  of  Shem,  son  of  Noah.  The 
tribe,  at  the  Confusion  of  Babel,  went 
and  settled  on  Al-Ahkaf  [the  Winding 
Sands'],  in  the  province  of  Hadramaut. 
Shedad  was  their  first  king,  but  in  conse- 
quence of  his  pride,  both  he  and  all  the 


tribe    perished,  either  from   drought   Of 
the  Sarsar  (an  icy  wind). — Sale's  Koran,  1. 

Woe,  woe.  to  Irem  !    Woe  to  Ad  1 
Death  is  gone  up  into  her  palaces !  .  .  . 
They  fell  around  me.    Thousands  fell  around. 

The  king  and  all  his  people  fell ; 

All,  all,  they  perished  all. 

Southey,  Talaba  the  Destroyer,  I.  41.  45  (1/97). 

A'dah,  wife  of  Cain.     After  Cain  had 
been  conducted  by  Lucifer  through   the 
realms  of  space,  he  is  restored  to  the  home 
of  his  wife  and  child,  where  all  is  beauty, 
gentleness,  and  love.     Full  of  faith  and 
fervent  in  gratitude,  Adah  loves  her  infant 
with  a  sublime  maternal  affection.     Sh« 
sees  him  sleeping,  and  says  to  Cain- 
How  lovely  he  appears  1    His  little  cheeks 
In  their  pure  incarnation,  vying  with 
The  rose  leaves  strewn  beneath  them. 
And  his  lips,  too, 

How  beautifully  parted  1    No  ;  you  shall  not 
Kiss  him  ;  at  least  not  now.     He  will  awake  soon— 
His  hour  of  midday  rest  is  nearly  over. 

Byron,  Cain, 

Adam.  In  Greek  this  word  is  com- 
pounded of  the  four  initial  letters  of  the 
cardinal  quarters  : 

Arktos,       .    apKTot      .    north. 
Dusis,         .    &»™        •    west. 
Anatole,     .    uvaroXij  .    east. 
Miesembria,   /ieo- n^/fyia    south. 
The  Hebrew  word  ADM  forms  the  ana- 
gram of  A  [dam],  D[avid],  M[essiah]. 

Adam,  how  made.  God  created  the  body 
of  Adam  of  Salzal,  i.e.  dry,  unbaked 
clay,  and  left  it  forty  nights  without  a 
soul.  The  clay  was  collected  by  Azarael 
from  the  four  "quarters  of  the  earth,  and 
God,  to  show  His  approval  of  Azarael's 
choice,  constituted  him  the  angel  of 
death. — Eabadan. 

Adam,  Eve,  and  the  Serpent.  After  tne 
fall  Adam  was  placed  on  mount  Vassem 
in  the  east ;  Eve  was  banished  to  Djidda 
(now  Gedda,  on  the  Arabian  coast) ;  and 
the  Serpent  was  exiled  to  the  coast  of 
Eblehh. 

After  the  lapse  of  100  years  Adam 
rejoined  Eve  on  mount  Arafaith  [place 
of  Remembrance'],  near  Mecca.— D'Ohsson. 
Death  of  Adam.  Adam  died  on  Friday, 
April  7,  at  the  age  of  930  years. 
Michael  swaithed  his  body,  and  Gabriel 
discharged  the  funeral  rites.  The  body 
was  buried  at  Ghar'ul-Kenz  [the  grotto  of 
treasure],  which  overlooks  Mecca. 

His  descendants  at  death  amounted  to 
40,000  souls.— D'Ohsson. 

When  Noah  entered  the  ark  (the  same  winter  rays)  h« 
took  the  body  of  Adam  in  a  coffin  with  him.  and  when  n* 
left  the  ark  restored  it  to  the  placo  he  bad  taken  i<  from. 

Adam,  a  bailiff,  a  jailor. 

Not  that  Adam  that  kept  the  paradise,  but  that  Adam 
that  keeps  the  prison.— Shakespeare,  Comedi  qf  Errmrt. 
act  iv.  sc.  3  (1593). 


ADAM. 

Adam,  a  faithful  retainer  in  the  family 
of  sir  Rowland  de  Boys.  At  the  age  of 
four  score,  he  voluntarily  accompanied 
his  yjung  master  Orlando  into  exile,  and 
offered  to  give  him  his  little  savings.  He 
has  given  birth  to  the  phrase,  "A  faithful 
Adam"  Tor  man-servant]. — Shakespeare, 
As  You  Like  It  (1598). 

Adam's  Ale,  water. 

Adam's  Profession,  tillage,  gar- 
dening. 

When  Adam  delved  and  Eve  span. 
Who  was  then  the  gentleman  T 

Kay's  Proterbt. 
There  Is  no  ancient  gentleman  but  gardeners,  ditchers. 
and  grave-makers ;  they  hold   up  Adam's    profession.— 
Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  act  v.  sc.  1  (15S»6). 

Adam  Bell,  a  northern  outlaw,  noted 
for  his  archery.  The  name,  like  those  of 
Clym  of  theClough,  William  of  Cloudesly, 
Robin  Hood,  and  Little  John,  is  synony- 
mous with  a  good  archer. 

Adamas  or  Adamant,  the  mineral 
called  corun'dum,  and  sometimes  the  dia- 
mond, one  of  the  hardest  substances  known. 

Albrecht  was  as  firm  as  Adamas. — Schmidt,  Germ. 
VUt.  (translated). 

Adamastor,  the  Spirit  of  the  Cape, 
a  hideous  phantom,  of  unearthly  pallor, 
"  erect  his  hair  uprose  of  withered  red, 
his  lips  were  black,  his  teeth  blue  and 
disjointed,  his  beard  haggard,  his  face 
scarred  by  lightning,  his  eyes  shot  livid 
fire,  his  voice  roared."  The  sailors 
trembled  at  sight  of  him,  and  the  fiend 
demanded  how  they  dared  to  trespass 
"  where  never  hero  braved  his  rage  be- 
fore?" lie  then  told  them  "  that  every 
year  the  shipwrecked  should  be  made  to 
deplore  their  foolhardiness." — Camoens, 
The  Lusiad,  v.  (15G9). 

Adam'ida,  a  planet  on  which  reside 
the  unborn  spirits  of  saints,  martyrs,  and 
believers.  U'riel,  the  angel  of  the  sun, 
was  ordered  at  the  crucifixion  to  interpose 
this  planet  between  the  sun  and  the  earth, 
so  as  to  produce  a  total  eclipse. 

Adamida.  In  obedience  to  the  divine  command,  flew 
■midst  overwhelming  storms,  rushing  clouds,  falling 
mountains,  and  swelling  seas.  Uriel  stood  on  the  pole 
of  the  star,  but  so  lost  in  deep  contemplation  on  Golgotha, 
that  he  heard  not  the  wild  uproar.  On  coming  to  Uie 
region  of  the  sun,  Adamida  slackened  her  course,  and  ad- 
vancing before  the  sun,  covered  Us  face  and  Intercepted 
all  its  rays.— Klopstock,  The  ileuiah.  viii.  (1771). 

Adams  (John),  one  of  the  mutineers 
of  the  Bounty  (1790),  who  settled  in 
Tahiti.  In  1814  he  was  discovered  as 
the  patriarch  of  a  colony,  brought  up 
with  a  high  sense  of  religion  and  strict 
regard  to  morals.  In  1839  the  colony 
was  voluntarily  placed  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  British  Government. 


ADIC1A. 

Adams  (Parson),  the  beau-ideal  of  a 
simple-minded,  benevolent,  but  eccentric 
country  clergyman,  of  unswerving  in- 
tegrity, solid  learning,  and  genuine  piety  ; 
bold  as  a  lion  in  the  cause  of  truth,  but 
modest  as  a  girl  in  all  personal  matters  ; 
wholly  ignorant  of  the  world,  being  "  in 
it  but  not  of  it." — Fielding,  Joseph  An- 
drews (1742). 

His  learning,  his  simplicity,  his  evangelical  purity  of 
mind  i.re  so  admirably  mingled  with  pedantry,  atoenre 
of  mind,  and  the  habit  of  athletic  .  .  .  exercises  .  .  .  that 
he  may  be  safely  termed  one  of  the  richest  product  i.ii-  of 
the  muse  of  Action.  Like  don  Quixote,  parson  Adam-  is 
beaten  a  little  too  much  and  too  often,  but  the  cudgel  lu.nu 
upon  Ills  shoulders  .  .  .  without  Uie  slightest  stain  to  Int 
reputation.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Adder  (deaf).  It  is  said  in  f»ble 
that  the  adder,  to  prevent  hearing  the 
voice  of  a  charmer,  lays  one  ear  on  the 
ground  and  sticks  his  tail  into  the  other. 

.  .  .  when  man  wolde  him  enchante. 
He  leyeth  downe  one  eare  all  flat 

the  grounde,  and  halt  It  fast ; 
Anil  eke  that  other  eare  als  taste 
He  stoppeth  with  his  taille  so  sore 
That  he  the  wordes,  lasse  or  more. 
Of  his  enchantcment  ne  hereth. 
Cower,  De  Con/ettione  AmantU,  L  a.  (liSfl. 

Adder's  Tongue,  that  is,  oph'io- 
glos'sum. 

Fur  tliem  that  are  with  [by]  newts,  or  snakes,  or  adden 

stung. 
He  seekclh  out  an  herb  that's  call&l  adder's  tongue. 

Drayton,  I'olyolbion,  illl.  (1613). 

Ad'dison  of  the  North,   Henry 
Mackenzie,  author  of  The  Man  of  i 
(1745-1881). 

Adelaide,  daughter  of  the  count  of 
Narbonne,  in  love  with  Theodore,  She 
is  killed  by  her  father  in  mistake  for 
another. — Robt.  Jephson,  Count  of  .\ir- 
bonne  (1782). 

Adeline  (Lady),  the  wife  of  lord 
Henry  Amun'deville  (4  si/l.),  a  highly 
educated  aristocratic  lady,  with  all  the 
virtues  and  weaknesses  of  the  appet  ten. 
After  the  parliamentary  sessions  this 
noble  pair  filled  their  house  with  B 
amongst  which  were  the  dncheaa  ox  Iit/.- 

Fulke,  the  duke  of  I) ,  Aurora  Baby, 

and    don   Juan    "  the    Russian     envoy." 
The  tale  not  being  tinisln.il,  no  segnel  to 
these   names    is  given.     (For  the  lady's 
character,  see  xiv.  54-5G.) — Byron, 
Juan,  xiii.  to  the  end. 

Ad'emar  or  Adema'ro,  archbishop 
of  Poggio,  an  ecclesiastical  warrior  in 
Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered. — See  Dic- 
tionary of  Phrase  and  Fable. 

Adic'ia,  wife  of  the  soldan,  who  in- 
cites him  to  distress  the  kingdom  of 
Mercilla.  When  Mercilla  sends  her 
ambassador,  Samient,  to  negotiate  peace, 


ADICUS. 


ADOSIXDA. 


Adicia,  in  violation  of  international  law,  | 
thrusts  her  [Samient]  out  of  doors  like  a 
dog,  and  sets  two  knights  upon  her.  Sir 
Ar  tegal  comes  to  her  rescue,  attacks  the 
two  knights,  and  knocks  one  of  them 
from  his  saddle  with  such  force  that  he 
breaks  his  neck.  After  the  discomfiture 
of  the  soldan,  Adicia  rushes  forth  with  a 
knife  to  stab  Samient,  but,  being  inter- 
cepted by  sir  Artegal,  is  changed  into  a 
tigress. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  8 
(1596). 

%*The  "soldan"  is  king  Philip  II.  of 
Spair  "  Mercilla  "  is  queen  Elizabeth  ; 
"Adicia"  is  Injustice  personified,  or  the 
bigotry  of  popery  ;  and  "  Samient "  the 
ambassadors  of  Holland,  who  went  to 
Philip  for  redress  of  grievances,  and 
were  most  iniquitously  detained  by  him 
as  prisoners. 

Ad'icus,  Unrighteousness  personified 
in  canto  vii.  of  The  Purple  Island 
(1G33),  by  Phineas  Fletcher.  He  has 
eight  sons  and  daughters,  viz.,  Ec'thros 
(hatred),  Eris  (variance)  a  daughter, 
Zelos  (emulation),  Thumos  (wrath), 
Erith'ius  (strife),  Dichos'tasis  (sedition), 
Envy,  and  Phon'os  (murder)  ;  all  fully 
described  by  the  poet.  (Greek,  adlkos, 
"an  unjust  man.") 

Adie  of  Aikenshaw,  a  neighbour 
of  the  Glendinnings. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Adme'tus,  a  king  of  Thessaly, 
husband  of  Alcestis.  Apollo,  being  con- 
demned by  Jupiter  to  serve  a  mortal  for 
twelve  months  for  slaying  a  Cyclops, 
entered  the  service  of  Admetus.  James 
K.  Lowell,  of  Boston,  U.S.,  has  a  poem 
on  the  subject,  called  The  ShepJierd  of 
King  Admetus  (1819-        ). 

Ad'mirable  (The):  (1)  Aben-Esra, 
a  Spanish  rabbin,  born  at  Tole'do  (1119- 
1174).  (2)  James  Crichton  (Kry-ton), 
the  Scotchman  (1551-1573).  (3)  Roger 
Bacon,  called  "The  Admirable  Doctor" 
(1214-1292). 

Adolf,  bishop  of  Cologne,  was  de- 
voured by  mice  or  rats  in  1112.  (See 
Hatto.) 

Ad'ona,  a  seraph,  the  tutelar  spirit 
of  James,  the  "  first  martyr  of  the 
twelve." — Klopstock,     The  Messiah,   iii. 

(174*). 

A'donbec  el  Hakim,  the  physi- 
cian, a  disguise  assumed  by  Saladin,  who 

rieita    sir    Kenneth's    sick    squire,    and 


cures  him  of  a  fever. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ado'nis,  a  beautiful  youth,  beloved 
by  Venus  and  Proser'pina,  who  fjiiarrelled 
about  the  possession  of  him.  Jupiter,  to 
settle  the  dispute,  decided  that  the  boy 
should  spend  six  months  with  Venus  in 
the  upper  world  and  six  with  Proserpina 
in  the  lower.  Adonis  was  gored  to  death 
by  a  wild  boar  in  a  hunt. 

Shakespeare  has  a  poem  called  Venus 
and  Adtmis.  Shelley  calls  his  elegy  on  the 
poet  Keats  Adona'is,  under  the  idea  that 
the  untimely  death  of  Keats  resembled 
that  of  Adonis. 

(Adonis  is  an  allegory  of  the  sun,  which 
is  six  months  north  of  the  horizon,  and 
six  months  south.  Thammuz  is  the  same 
as  Adonis,  arid  so  is  Osiris.) 

Ado'nis  Flower,  the  pheasant's 
eye  or  red  maithes,  called  in  French 
goute  de  saw],  and  said  to  have  sprung 
from  the  blood  of  Adonis,  who  was 
killed  by  a  wild  boar. 

0  flenr,  si  chere  a  Cythtfree, 
Ta  corolle  fut,  en  naissant, 
Du  sang  d' Adonis  coluree. 

A  nonyme. 

Adonis's  Garden.  It  is  said  that 
Adonis  delighted  in  gardens,  and  had  a 
magnificent  one.  Pliny  says  (xix.  4), 
"  Antiquitas  nihil  prius  mirata  est  quam 
Hesperidum  hortos,  ac  regum  Adonidia 
et  Alcinoi." 

How  shall  I  honour  thee  for  this  success  I 
Thy  promises  are  like  Adonis'  gardens. 
That  one  day  bloom'd,  and  fruitful  were  the  next. 
Shakespeare,  1  Uenry  VI.  act  i.  sc  fi  (1589). 

An  Adonis  garden,  a  very  short-lived 
pleasure ;  a  temporary  garden  of  cut 
flowers  ;  an  horticultural  or  floricultural 
show.  The  allusion  is  to  the  fennel  and 
lettuce  jars  of  the  ancient  Greeks,  called 
"Adonis'  gardens,"  because  these  plantu 
were  reared  for  the  annual  festival  of 
Adonis,  and  were  thrown  away  when  the 
festival  was  over. 

Ad'oram,  a  seraph,  who  had  charge 
of  James  the  son  of  Alphe'us. — Klopstock, 
The  Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Adosinda,  daughter  of  the  Gothic 
governor  of  Auria,  in  Spain.  The  Moors 
having  slaughtered  her  parents,  husband, 
and  child,  preserved  her  alive  f>>i  the 
captain  of  Alcahman's  regiment.  She 
went  to  his  tent  without  the  least  resis- 
tance, but  implored  the  captain  to  givo 
her  one  night  to  mourn  the  death  of  those 
so  near  and  dear  to  her.  To  this  he 
complied,  but  during  sleep  she  murdered 


ADRAMELECH. 


jEGEON. 


him  with  his  own  scymitar.  Roderick, 
disguised  as  a  monk,  helped  her  to  bury 
the  dead  bodies  of  her  house,  and  then 
she  vowed  to  live  for  only  one  object, 
vengeance.  In  the  great  battle,  when  the 
Moors  were  overthrown,  she  it  was  who 

fave  the  word  of  attack,  "Victory  and 
engeance  !  " — Southey,    Roderick,    etc., 
iii.  (1814). 

Adram'elech  (ch=k) ,  one  of  the  fallen 
angels.  Milton  makes  him  overthrown  by 
(J'riel  and  Raphael  (Paradise Lost,  vi.  3C5). 
According  to  Scripture,  he  was  one  of  the 
idols  of  Sepharvaim,  and  Shalmane'ser 
introduced  his  worship  into  Samaria. 
[The  word  means  "the  mighty  magnifi- 
cent king."] 

The  Sepharvites  burnt  their  children  In  the  Are  to 
Adraraelech.—  2  Kingi  xvil.  31. 

Klopstock  introduces  him  into  The 
Messiah,  and  represents  him  as  surpassing 
Satcn  in  malict  and  guile,  ambition  and 
mischief.  He  is  made  to  hate  every  one, 
even  Satan,  of  whose  rank  he  is  jealous, 
and  whom  he  hoped  to  overthrow,  that  by 
putting  an  end  to  his  servitude  he  might 
become  the  supreme  god  of  all  the  created 
worlds.  At  the  crucifixion  he  and  Satan 
are  both  driven  back  to  hell  by  Obad'dun, 
the  angel  of  death. 

Adraste'  (2  syl.),  a  French  gentleman, 
who  cnveigles  a  Greek  slave  named  Isi- 
dore from  don  Pedre.  His  plan  is  this  :  He 
gets  introduced  as  a  portrait-painter,  and 
thus  imparts  to  Isidore  his  love  and 
obtains  her  consent  to  elope  with  him. 
He  then  sends  his  slave  Zai'de  (2  syl.)  to 
don  Pedre,  to  crave  protection  for  ill 
treatment,  and  Pedre  promises  to  befriend 
her.  At  this  moment  Adraste  appears, 
and  demands  that  Zai'de  be  given  up  to 
him  to  punish  as  he  thinks  proper. 
Pedre  intercedes ;  Adraste  seems  to  relent; 
and  Pedre  calls  for  Zai'de.  Out  comes 
Isidore  instead,  with  Zai'de's  veil. 
" There,"  says  Pedre,  "take  her  and  use 
her  well."  "I  will  do  so,"  says  the 
Frenchman,  and  leads  off  the  Greek 
slave. — Molicre,  Le  Sicilien  ou  E Amour 
Peintre  (1667). 

A'dria,  the  Adriatic. 

Fled  over  Adrla  to  the  Hesperian  fields  [ItaliiX 

Milton,  ParadUe  Lott.  1.  620  (1665). 

Adrian'a,  a  wealthy  Ephesian  lady, 
who  marries  Antiph'olus,  twin-brother  of 
Antiphoius  of  Syracuse.  The  abbess 
Emilia  is  her  mother-in-law,  but  she 
knows  it  not ;  and  one  day  when  she 
accuses  her  husband  of    infidelitv,    she 


says  to  the  abbess,  if  he  is  unfaithful  it 
is  not  from  want  of  remonstrance,  "for 
it  is  the  one  subject  of  our  conversation. 
In  bed  I  will  not  let  him  sleep  for  speak- 
ing of  it ;  at  table  I  will  not  let  him  eat 
for  speaking  of  it ;  when  alone  with  him 
I  talk  of  nothing  else,  and  in  company  I 
give  him  frequent  hints  of  it.  In  a  word, 
all  my  talk  is  how  vile  and  bad  it  is  in 
him  to  love  another  better  than  he  lovea 
his  wife  "  (act  v.  sc.  1). — Shakespeare, 
Comedy  of  Errors  (1593). 

Adria'no  de  Arma'do  (Don),  a 
pompous,  fantastical  Spaniard,  a  military 
braggart  in  a  state  of  peace,  as  Parolles 
(3  syl.)  was  in  war.  Boastful  but  poor,  a 
coiner  of  words  but  very  ignorant, 
solemnly  grave  but  ridiculously  awkward, 
majestical  in  gait  but  of  very  low  pro- 
pensities.— Shakespeare,  Love's  Labour 
Lost  (1694). 

(Said  to  be  designed  for  John  Florio, 
surnamed  "The  Resolute,"  a  philologist. 
Holofernes,  the  pedantic  schoolmaster,  in 
the  same  play,  is  also  meant  in  ridicule  of 
the  same  lexicographer.) 

Adriat'ic  wedded  to  the  Doge.  The 
ceremony  of  wedding  the  Adriatic  to  the 
doge  of  Venice  was  instituted  in  1174  by 
pope  Alexander  III.,  who  gave  the  doge  a 
gold  ring  from  his  own  linger  in  token  of 
the  victory  achieved  by  the  Venetian 
fleet  at  Istria  over  Frederick  Barbed 
The  pope,  in  giving  the  ring,  desired  the 
doge  to  throw  a  similar  one  into  the  sea 
every  year  on  Ascension-Day  in  comme- 
moration of  this  event.  The  doge  * 
brigantine  was  called  Bucentaur . 

You  may  remember,  scarce  five  yean  are  part 
Since  in  yuur  brigantine  you  tailed  to  tea 
The  Adriatic  wedded  to  our  duke. 

T.  Otway,  Ionic*  /Vestrwd.  L  1  (188S). 

Ad'riel,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitophcl,  the  earl  of  Mulgrave,  a 
royalist. 

Sharp-Judging  Adriel.  the  Muses'  friend  ; 
Hfannll  a  muse.     In  sanhedrim's  debate 
True  to  Ills  prince,  but  not  a  slave  to  state; 
Whom  David's  love  with  honours  did  adorn. 
That  from  lib  disobedient  son  were  torn. 

Parti. 

(John  Sheffield,  earl  of  Mulgrave  (1649- 
1721)  wrote  an  Essay  on  Poetry.) 

.33'acus  king  of  OZno'pia,  a  man  of 
such  integrity  and  piety,  that  he  was 
made  at  death  one  of  the  three  judges  of 
hell.  The  other  two  were  Minos  and 
Rhadaman'thus. 

iEge'on,  a  huge  monster  with  100 
arms  and  60  heads,  who  with  his  brothers, 
Coitus  and  Gvges,  conquered  the  Titans 


jEGEON. 


JENEID. 


by  hurling  at  them  300  rocks  at  once. 
Homer  savs  men  call  him  "yttge'on,"  but 
by  the  gods  he  is  called  Bri'areus  (3  tyl.). 

(Milton  accents  the  word  on  the  first 
syllable,  and  so  does  Fairfax  in  his 
translation  of  Tasso.— See  Paradise  Lost, 
i.  746.) 

jEqe'on,  a  merchant  of  Syracuse,  in 
Shakespeare's  Comedy  of  Errors  (1593). 

JEgi'na,  a  rocky  island  in  the  Saronic 
gulf.  It  was  near  this  island  that  the 
Athenians  won  the  famous  naval  battle  of 
S.d'amis  over  the  fleet  of  Xerxes,  B.C. 
480.  The  Athenian  prows  were  decorated 
with  a  figure-head  of  Athe'nse  or  Minerva. 

And  of  old 
Rejoiced  the  virgin  from  the  brazen  prow 
Of  Athens  o'er  Algina's  gloomy  surge 
.  .  .  o'erwbeluiiug  all  the  Persian  promised  glory. 

Akenside,  Uymn  to  the  Saiadt. 

iE'lia  Lae'lia  Crispis,  an  inex- 
plicable riddle,  so  called  from  an  in- 
scription in  Latin,  preserved  in  Bologna,' 
which  may  be  rendered  thus  into  English  : 

iELIA  L.ELIA  CRISPIS. 
Neither  man,  nor  woman,  nor  androgyne  ; 
Neither  girl,  nor  hoy,  nor  eld  ; 
Neither  harlot  nor  virgin  ; 

But  all  |  of  these! 
Carried  off  neither  by  hunger,  nor  iword,  not  poison  ; 

But  by  all  [of  them). 
Neither  in  heaven,  nor  in  the  water,  nor  in  the  earth  ; 

But  biding  everywhere. 

LUCIUS  AGATHO  PRISCUS. 
Neither  the  husband,  nor  lover,  nor  friend ; 
Neither  grieving,  nor  rejoicing,  nor  weeping; 
But  all  [of  these]— 

Tills— neither  a  pile,  nor  a  pyramid,  nor  a  sepulchre 

That  is  built,  ho  knows  and  knows  not  [which  it  Is]. 
It  is  a  sepulchre  containing  no  corpse  within  it  j 
It  is  a  corpse  with  no  sepulchre  containing  it  ; 

But  the  corpse  and  the  sepulchre  are  one  and  the 
same. 
It  would  tamely  guide  a  man  to  the  solution  of  the 
•jRta  Latia  Cris/'it."—}.  W.  Diaper. 

JEmelia,  a  lady  of  high  degree,  in  love 
with  Am'ias,  a  squire  of  inferior  rank. 
Going  to  meet  her  lover  at  a  trysting- 
place,  she  was  caught  up  by  a  hideous 
monster,  and  thrust  into  his  den  for  future 
food.  Belphoebe  (3  syl.)  slew  "  the  caitiff  " 
and  released  the  maid  (canto  vii.). 
Prince  Arthur,  having  slain  Corflambo, 
released  Amias  from  the  durance  of 
Paa'na,  Corflambo's daughter,  and  brought 
the  lovers  together  "  in  peace  and  settled 
rest"  (canto  ix.).— Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
iv.  (1596). 

■/Emil'ia,  wife  of  jfige'on  the  Syra- 
esBian  merchant,  and  mother  of  the  twins 
called  Antiph'olus.  When  the  boys  were 
shipwrecked,  she  was  parted  from  them 
ami  taken  to  Ephesus.  Here  she  entered 
a  corvent.   and    rrse  to  be  the   abbeB8. 


Without  her  knowing  it,  one  of  her  twinu 
also  settled  in  Ephesus,  and  rose  to  be 
one  of  its  greatest  and  richest  citizens. 
The  other  son  and  her  husband  -1 
both  sot  foot  in  Ephesus  the  same  day 
without  the  knowledge  of  each  other,  and 
all  met  together  in  the  duke's  court,  when 
the  story  of  their  lives  was  told,  and  they 
became"  again  united  to  each  other. — 
Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errors  (1593). 

iEmon'ian  Arts,  magic,  so  call;  i 
from  .Emon'ia  (  TLessaly),  noted  for  magic 
The  JEnwnian.     Jason    was    so   called 
because  his  father  was  king  of  iEmonia. 

JEne'as,  a  Trojan  prince,  the  hero  of 
Virgil's  epic  called  JEneid.  He  was  the 
son  of  Anchi'ses  and  Venus.  His  first 
wife  was  Creu'sa  (3  syl.),  by  whom  he  had 
a  son  named  Asca'nius  ;  his  second  wife 
was  Lavinia,  daughter  of  Latinus  king  of 
Italy,  bv  whom  he  had  a  posthumous  son 
called  Ane'as  Sylvius.  He  succeeded  his 
father-in-law  in  the  kingdom,  and  the 
Romans  called  him  their  founder. 

According  to  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth 
"  Brutus,"  the  first  king  of  Britain  (from 
whom  the  island  was  called  Britain),  was 
a  descendant  of  /Eneas. 

.a3ne'id,  the  epic  poem  of  Virgil,  in 
twelve  books.  When  Troy  was  taken  by 
the  Greeks  and  set  on  fire,  /Ene'as,  with  his 
father,  son,  and  wife,  took  Bight,  with  the 
intention  of  going  to  Italy,  the  original 
birthplace  of  the  family.  The  wife  was 
lost,  and  the  old  father  died  on  the  way  ; 
but  after  numerous  perils  by  sea  and  land, 
vEneas  and  his  son  Asca'nius  reached 
Italv.  Here  Latinus,  the  reigning  king, 
received  the  exiles  hospitably,  and  pro- 
mised his  daughter  Lavin'ia  in  marriage 
to  .liuas;  but  she  had  been  already 
betrothed  bv  her  mother  to  prince  Turnus, 
son  of  Dauniis,  king  of  Ra'tuli,  and 
Turnus  would  not  forego  his  claim. 
Latinus,  in  this  dilemma,  said  the  rivals 
must  settle  the  dispute  by  an  appeal  to 
arms.  Turnus  being  slain,  /Eneas  married 
Lavinia,  and  ere  long  sueeeded  his  father- 
in-law  on  the  throne. 
Book  I.  The  escape  from  Troy  5   JSneaa 

and  his  son.  driven  by  a  tempest  on  the 
shores  of  Cartilage,  are  hospitably  enter- 
tained by  queen  Dido. 

II.  .Eneas  tells  Dido  the  tale  of  the 
wooden  horse,  the  burning  of  Troy,  anj 
his  Bight  with  his  father,  wife,  and  son. 
The  wife  was  lost  and  died. 

III.  The  narrative  continued.  The 
perils  he  met  with  on  the  way,  and  th« 
deatli  of  his  father. 


/EOLUS. 


10 


AGAMEMNON. 


17.  Dido  falls  in  love  with  /Eneas ; 
but  ho  steals  away  from  Carthage,  and 
Dido,  on  a  funeral  pyre,  puts  an  end  to  her 
life. 

V.  tineas  reaches  Sicily,  and  celebrates 
there  the  games  in  honor  of  Anchises. 
This  book  corresponds  to  the  Iliad,  xxiii. 

VI.  ^Eneas  visits  the  infernal  regions. 
This  book  corresponds  to  Odyssey,  xi. 

VII.  Latinus  king  of  Italy,  entertains 
/Eneas,  and  promises  to  him  Lavinia  (his 
daughter)  in  marriage,  but  prince  Turnus 
had  been  already  betrothed  to  her  by  the 
mother,  and  raises  an  army  to  resist 
/Eneas. 

VIII.  Preparations  on  both  Bides  for  a 
general  war. 

IX.  Turnus,  during  the  absence  of 
/Eueas,  fires  the  ships  and  assaults  the 
camp.  The  episode  of  Nisus  and  Eury'- 
ahi.s. 

X.  The  war  between  Turnus  and 
/Eneas.     Episode  of  Mezentius  and  Lau- 

KUS. 

XI.  The  battle  continued. 

XII.  Turnus  challenges  /Eneas  to 
single  combat,  and  is  killed. 

N.B.— 1.  The  story  of  Sinon  and  taking  of  Troy  U  bor- 
rowed fron;  Pisander,  as  Marroblus  informs  us. 

2.  The  loves  of  Dido  and  ;F.neas  are  couiod  from  those 
of  Medea  and  Jason,  in  Apollonius. 

3.  The  story  of  the  wooden  horse  and  the  burning  of 
Troy  are  from  Arcti'nus  of  Miletus. 

JE'olus,  god  of  the  winds,  which  he 
keeps  imprisoned  in  a  cave  in  the  /Eolian 
Islands,  and  lets  free  as  he  wishes  or  as 
the  over-gods  command. 

Was  I  for  this  nigh  wrecked  upon  the  sea. 

And  twica  by  awkward  wind  from  England's  bank 

Drcve  buck  again  unto  my  native  clime)  .  .  . 

Yet  .Eolus  would  not  be  a  murderer. 

But  left  that  hateful  office  unto  thee. 

Shakespeaie,  2  Henry  17.  act  v.  it  J  (1591). 

iEscula'pius,  in  Greek  Askle'pios, 
the  god  of  healing. 

What  says  my .Esculapius t  my  Galen f  ...   Hal  Is  he 

dead! 
6hakesj>eare,  Uerry  WitetoJ  Windsor,  act  11  sc.  3  (1601). 

iE'son,  the  father  of  Jason.  He  was 
restored  to  youth  by  Medea,  who  infused 
into  his  veins  the  juice  of  certain  herbs. 

In  such  a  night. 
Medea  gather'd  the  enchanted  herbs 
That  did  renew  old  Mson. 
Shakespeare.  Merchant  o/  Venice,  act  v.  sc.  1  (before  1598). 

iEsop,  the  fabulist,  said  to  be  hump- 
backed ;  hence,  "an  /Esop"  means  a 
hump-backed  man.  The  young  son  of 
Henry  VI.  calls  his  uncle  Richard  of 
Gloster  "  /Esop." — 3  Henry  VI,  act  v. 
BO.  5. 

£sop  of  Arabia,  Lokman  ;  and  Nas- 
•cn  (fifth    century). 


JEsop  of  Erujland,  John  Gay  (1688- 
1732). 

JEsop  of  France,  Jean  de  la  Fontaine 
(1021-1695). 

JEsop  of  Germany,  Gotthold  Ephraim 
Lessing  (1729-1781). 

JEsop  of  India,  Bidpay  or  Pilpay 
(third  century  B.C.). 

Afer,  the  south-west  wind ;  Notue,  the 
full  south. 

Nobis  and  Afer.  black  with  thundrout  clouds. 

Milton,  I'aradut  LoU,  x  7W  (1665). 

African  Magician  ( The),  pretended 
to  Aladdin  to  be  his  uncle,  and  sent  the 
lad  to  fetch  the  "  wonderful  lamp  "  from 
an  underground  cavern.  As  Aladdin  re- 
fused to  hand  it  to  the  magician,  he  shut 
him  in  the  cavern  and  left  him  there. 
Aladdin  contrived  to  get  out  by  virtue  of 
a  magic  ring,  and  learning  the  secret  of 
the  lamp,  became  immensely  rich,  built  a 
superb  palace,  and  married  the  sultan's 
daughter.  Several  years  after,  the  African 
resolved  to  make  himself  master  of  the 
lamp,  and  accordingly  walked  up  and 
down  before  the  palace,  crying  inces- 
santly, "  Who  will  change  old  lamps  for 
new  ?  "  Aladdin  being  on  a  hunting  ex- 
cursion, his  wife  sent  a  eunuch  to  exchange 
the  "wonderful  lamp"  for  a  new  one; 
and  forthwith  the  magician  commanded 
"  the  slaves  of  the  lamp  t<>  transport  the 
palace  and  all  it  contained  into  Africa. 
Aladdin  caused  him  to  be  poisoned  in  a 
draught  of  wine. — .Arabian  Nights  ("Alad- 
din or  The  Wonderful  Lamp"). 

Afrit  or  Afreet,  a  kind  of  Medusa 
or  Lamia,  the  most  terrible  and  cruel  of  all 
the  orders  of  the  deevs. — Ik-rbetot, 

From  the  hundred  chimneys  of  the  village, 

Uke  the  Afreet  in  the  Arabian  story  [Introduct.  Tal«1 

Smoky  columns  tower  aloft  into  [he  uir  of  unbar. 

Longfellow,  The  Uoldm  HUettont 

Agag,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achit'ophel,  is  sir  Edmondbury 
Godfrey,  the  magistrate,  who  was  formd 
murdered  in  a  ditch  near  Primrose  Hill. 
Dr.  Oates,  in  the  same  satire,  is  called 
"Corah." 

Corah  might  for  Apis's  murder  call 

In  terms  as  coarse  as  Samuel  used  to  Soul. 

PartL 

Agamemnon,  king  of  the  Argives 
and  commander-in-chief  of  the  allied 
Greeks  in  the  siege  of  Troy.  Introduced 
by  Shakespeare  in  his  Troilxu  and  Cres'- 
slda. 

Yixtre  fortes  ante  Atjamem'nona,  "Then 
were  brave  men  before  Agamemnon;"  we 
are  not  to  suppose  that  there  were  no 
great  and  good  men  in  former  times.     A 


11 


AGANDECCA. 

similar  proverb  isT"  There  are  hills  beyond 
pentland  and  fields  beyond  Forth." 

Agandecca,  daughter  of  Stamo  king 
of  Lochlin  [Scandinavia],  promised  in 
marriage  to  Fingal  king  of  Morven  [north- 
vest  of  Scotland] .  The  maid  told  I  ingal 
to  beware  of  her  father,  who  had  set  an 
ambush  to  kill  him.  Fingal,  being  thus 
forewarned,  slew  the  men  in  ambush ;  and 
Stamo,  in  rage,  murdered  his  daughter, 
who  was  buried  by  Fingal  in  Ardven 
[Argyle\. 

The  daughter  of  tho  snow  overheard,  and  left  the  hall 
of  her  secret  sigh  She  came  In  all  her  beauty,  like  the 
moon  frtm  the  cloud  of  the  east  I*™^™"™^ 
bar  u  light  Her  step  was  hke  the  music  of  songs. 
gS  HtS  youth,  and  loved  him.  He  was  the  stolen 
,X  oMier  soul.  Her  blue  eye*  rolled  in  secre  on  Urn. 
and  she  blessed  tho  chief  of  Morveu.-0«wn  ("  Fingal. 
Ui.) 

Aganip'pe  (4  syl.),  fountain  of  the 
Muses,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Helicon,  in 
liojo'tia. 

From  Helicon's  harmonious  springs 

A  thousand  rills  their  mazy  progress  take. 

Gray.  Proyrett  of  Poetry. 

Ag'ape  (3  syl.)  the  fay.  She  had  three 
ions  at  a  birth,  Priamond,  Diamond,  and 
Triamond.  Being  anxious  to  know  the 
future  lot  of  her  sons,  she  went  to  the 
abvss  of  Demogorgon,  to  consult  the 
"three  Fatal  Sisters."  Clotho  showed  her 
the  threads,  which  "were  thin  as  those 
spun  by  a  spider."  She  begged  the  fates 
to  lengthen  the  life-threads,  but  they  said 
this  could  not  be  ;  they  consented,  how- 
ever, to  this  agreement — 

When  ye  shred  with  fatal  knife 
His  line  which  is  the  shortest  of  the  three. 
Eftsoon  his  life  may  pass  Into  the  next ; 
And  when  the  next  shall  likewise  ended  lie. 
That  both  their  lives  may  likewise  be  annext 
Unto  the  third,  tha'  his  may  lie  so  trebly  watt 
Spenser,  Faery  queen,  lv.  2  (loUU). 

Agapi'da  (Fray  Antonio),  the  ima- 
ginary chronicler  of  The  Conquest  of 
Grancida,  written  by  Washington  Irving 
(1829). 

Ag'aric,  a  genus  of  fungi,  some  of 
which  are  very  nauseous  and  disgusting. 

Th»t  smell*  as  foul-fleshed  agaric  In  the  holt  [forett\ 
Tennyson,  (Jareth  atxd  Lynette. 

Agast'ya  (3  syl.),  a  dwarf  who  drank 
Ihe  sea  drv.  As  he  was  walking  one  dav 
with  Vishnoo,  the  insolent  ocean  asked 
the  nod  who  the  pigmy  was  that  strutted 
by  Ins  side.  Vishnoo  replied  it  was  the 
patriarch  Agastya,  who  was  going  to 
restore  earth  to  its  true  balance.  Ocean, 
in  contempt,  spat  its  spray  in  the  pigmy's 
face,  and  the  Bage,  in  revenge  of  this 
affront,  drank  the  waters  of  the  ocean, 
leaving  the  bid  quite  dry.— Maurice. 


AGED. 


Ag'atha,  daughter  of  Cuno,  and  the 
betrothed  of  Max,  in  Weber's  opera  of 
Der  Freuchutz.— See  Dictionary  of  Fhras* 
and  Fable. 

Agath'ocles  (4  syl.),  tyrant  of  Sicily. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  potter,  and  raised 
himself  from  the  ranks  to  become  general 
of  the  army.  He  reduced  all  Sicily  under 
his  power.  When  he  attacked  the  t  ir- 
thaginians,  he  burnt  his  ships  that  his 
soldiers  might  feel  assured  they  must 
either  conquer  or  die.  Agathoch 
of  poison  administered  by  his  grand^n 
(B.C.  361-289). 

Voltaire  has  a  tragedv  called  Agathocle, 
and  Caroline  Pichler  has  an  excellent 
German  novel  entitled  Agathoclvs. 

Agathon,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
philosophic  romance,  by  C.  M.  'W  lcland 
(1733-1813).  This  is  considered  the  best 
of  his  novels,  though  some  prefer  his  Don 
Sylvio  de  Rosolva. 

Agdistes  (3  syl.),  the  mystagog  of 
the  Acrasian  bower,  or  the  evil  yenvu 
loci.  Spenser  says  the  ancients  call 
"  Self "  the  Agdistes  of  man  ;  and  the 
Socratic  "  demon  "  was  his  Agdistes. 

They  In  that  place  him  "  Genius  "  did  call ; 
Not  that  celestial  power  .  .  .  sago  Antiquity 
Did  wisely  iiiake,  and  yood  Agdistc«  call ; 
But  this  ...  was  ...  the  foe  of  life. 

Spenser,  Fairy  Queen.  1L  13  (1590). 

Agdis'tis,  a  genius  of  human  form, 
uniting  the  two  sexes,  and  born  of  the 
stone  Agdus  (</.r.).  This  tradition  has 
been  preserved  by  Pausanias. 

Agdus,  a  stone  of  enormous  size. 
Parts  of  this  stone  were  taken  by  Deu- 
calion and  Pvrrha  to  threw  over  their 
heads,  in  ord'er  to  repeople  the  world 
desolated  by  the  Flood.— Aroobius. 

Age.  The  Age  of  the  llisliops,  accord- 
ing to  Hallani,  was  the  ninth  century. 

The  Ai/e  of  the  Popes,  according  to 
Hallam,  was  the  twelfth  century. 

Varo  recognizes  T'n-ce  Ajts:  1st.  From 
the  beginning  of  man  to  the  great  Flood 
(the  period  whollv  unknown  i.  2nd.  From 
the  Flood  to  the  first  I  Hympiad  (the  mythi- 
cal period).  8rd.  From  the  first  I  Hympiad 
to  the  present  time  (the historical  period). 
— Varo,  Fragments,  219  (edit  Scaliger). 

Aged  (The),  so  Wemmick's  father  is 
called.  He  lived  in  "the  ca.-tle  at  Wal- 
worth." Wemmick  at  "the  castle^' and 
Wemmick  in  business  are  two  "ditYercnt 
beings." 

Wemmick's  house  was  a  little  wooden  guttata.  In  tha 
midst  of  rdots   )f  garden,  und  the  top  of  It  was  cut  wl 


AGELASTES. 


12 


AG  RAM  ANTE. 


Mid  painted  like  a  buttery  mounted  with  guru It  was 

the  smallest  of  houses,  with  queer  Gothic  windciwi  (to  far 
the  greater  part  of  them  sham),  and  a  Gothic  door,  almost 
too  small  to  get  in  at.  ...  On  Sundays  he  ran  up  ■  real 
flag.  .  .  .  The  bridce  was  a  plank,  and  it  crossed  a  chasm 
about  four  feet  wide  and  two  deep.  ...  At  nine  o'clock 
every  night  "  the  gun  fired,"  the  gun  being  mounted  in  a 
separate  fortress  made  of  latticework.  It  was  protected 
from  the  weather  by  a  tarpaulin  .  .  .  umbrella. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectation;  xxv.  (1860). 

Ag'elastes  {Michael),  the  cynic  philo- 
sopher.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Hubert  of 
i'aris  (time,  Kufus). 

Agesila'us  (5  tyl.).  Plutarch  tells 
us  that  Agesilaus,  kin^c  of  Sparta,  was 
one  day  discovered  riding  cock-horse  on 
a  long  stick,  to  please  and  amuse  his 
children. 

A'gib  {King),  "The  Third  Calen- 
der" {Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments). 
He  was  wrecked  on  the  loadstone  moun- 
tain, which  drew  all  the  nails  and  iron 
bolts  from  his  ship ;  but  he  overthrew  the 
bronze  statue  on  the  mountain-top,  which 
was  the  cause  of  the  mischief.  Agib 
visited  the  ten  young  men,  each  of  whom 
had  lost  the  right  eye,  and  was  carried 
by  a  roc  to  the  palace  of  the  forty  prin- 
cesses, with  whom  he  tarried  a  year.  The 
princesses  were  then  obliged  to  leave  for 
forty  days,  but  entrusted  him  with  the 
keys  of  the  palace,  with  free  permission 
to  enter  every  room  but  one.  On  the 
fortieth  day  curiosity  induced  him  to 
open  this  room,  where  he  saw  a  bone] 
which  he  mounted,  and  was  carried 
through  the  air  to  Bagdad.  The  horse 
then  deposited  him,  and  knocked  out  his 
right  eye  with  a  whisk  of  its  tail,  as  it 
bad  done  the  ten  "young  men"  above 
referred  to. 

Agitator  {The  Irish),  Daniel  O'Con- 
nell  (1775-1847). 

Agned  Cathregonion,  the  scene  of 
one  of  the  twelve  battles  of  king  Arthur. 
The  old  name  of  Edinburgh  was  Agned. 

Ebraucim,  a  man  of  great  stature  and  wonderful  strength, 
took  upon  him  the  government  of  Britain,  which  he  held 
forty  yean,  ...  lie  built  the  city  of  Alelud  (v  Dumbarton] 
and  the  town  of  Mount  Agned,  called  at  this  time  the 
"Castle  of  Maidens,"  or  the  "Mountain  of  Sorrow."— 
Geoffrey,  UritUh  Ilittory,  \x.  7. 

Agnei'a  (3  syl.),  wifely  chastity,  sister 
of  Parthen'ia  or  maiden  chastity.  Agneia 
is  the  spouse  of  Kncra'tes  or  temperance. 
Fully  described  in  canto  x.  of  The  Purple 
Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher  (1G33). 
(Greek,  ag'ncia,  "chastity.") 

Ag'nes,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wickfield 
the  solicitor,  and  David  Copperrield's  se- 
cond wife  (after  the  death  of  Dora,  "  his 
child  wife  ").    Agnca  is  a  very  pure,  self- 


sacrificing  girl,  accomplished,  yet  do- 
mestic.— C.  Dickens,  David  Copperfield 
(1849). 

Agnes,  in  Molicre's  LYcole  de$ 
Fcinuws,  the  girl  on  whom  Arnolphe  tries 
his  pet  experiment  of  education,  so  as  to 
turn  out  for  himself  a  "  model  wife." 
She  was  brought  op  in  a  country  convent, 
where  she  was  kept  in  entire  ignorance 
of  the  difference  of  sex,  conventional 
proprieties,  the  difference  between  the 
love  of  men  and  women,  and  that 
of  jnrls  for  girls,  the  mysteries  of 
marriage,  and  so  on.  When  grown  tc 
womanhood  she  quits  the  convent,  and 
standing    one    evening    on    a    balcony    a 

young  man  paaoea  and  takes  otf  his  hat 

to   lor,  she   returns  the  salute;    he  |  , 

Second  and  third  time,  she  does  tie 
he    passes   and    repasses    several    times, 
bowing  each   time,  and   she  does 

baa  been  taaght  to  do  by  acknowledging 

the  salute.  Of  course,  the  young  man 
{Horace)  becomes  her  lover,  whom  she 
marries,  and  M.  Arnolphe  loses  his 
'•  model  wife."      Bee  Pisichwifb.) 

Ellc  fait  t'Ames.  She  pretends  to  be 
wholly     unsophisticated     and     verdantly 

ingenuous. — ntttoh    Pr  •  n    the 

"Agnes"  of  Holier*,  1.  ■  mmes, 

L662). 

Agnes  {Black),  the  countess  of  March, 
noted  for  her  defence  of   Dunbar  against 
iish. 

Black  Agnes,  the  paltry  of  Man 

to,  the  ,'ift  of  her  brother   Moray, 
and   so  called   from  the  noted  countess 

of  March,  who  w:is  OOlinteM  of  Moray 
(Murray)  in  her  own  right. 

Agnes  {St.),  a  young  virgin  of 
Palermo,  who  at  the  age  of  thirteen  was 
martyred  at  Rome  donna  the  Diocletian 
persecution  of  a.m.  MM.  Prudence 
(Aurelius  Prudentius  Clemens),  a  L-itin 
Christian  poet  of  the  fourth  ecntur\  . 
poem  on  the  subject.  Tintoret  and  Do- 
mcnichi'no  have  both  made  lor  the 
subject  of  a  painting. —  The  Mart 

1  ,'nes. 

St.  Agnes  and  the  Devil.  St.  Agnea, 
having  escaped  from  the  prison  at  Koine, 
took  shipping  and  landed  at  St.  Piran 
Arwothall.  The  devil  dogged  her,  hut 
she  relinked  him,  and  the  large  moor- 
stones  between  St.  Piran  and  St.  Agnes, 
in  Cornwall,  mark  the  places  where  the 
devils  were  turned  into  stone  by  the  looks 
of  the  indignant  saint. — Pohvhele,  His- 
tory of  Cornwall. 

Agraman'te    (4   syl.)    or    Ag'rsv 


AGRAWAIN. 


13 


AHMED. 


mant,  king  of  the  Moors,  in  Orlando 
Innamorato,  by  Uojardo,  and  Orlando 
Furioso,  by  Ariosto. 

Agrawain  (Sir)  or  Sir  Agravain, 
Burnamed  "The  Desirous"  and  also  "The 
Haughty."  He  was  son  of  Lot  (king  of 
Orkney)  and  Margawse  half-sister  of  king 
Arthur.  His  brothers  were  sir  Gaw'ain, 
sir  Ga'heris,  and  sir  Gareth.  Mordred 
was  his  half-brother,  being  the  son  of 
king  Arthur  and  Margawse.  Sir  Agra- 
vain  and  sir  Mordred  hated  sir  Launcelot, 
and  told  the  king  he  was  too  familiar 
with  the  queen ;  so  they  asked  the  king 
to  spend  the  day  in  hunting,  and  kept 
watch.  The  queen  sent  for  sir  Launcelot 
to  her  private  chamber,  and  sir  Agravain, 
Bir  Mordred,  and  twelve  others  assailed 
the  door,  but  sir  Launcelot  slew  them  all 
except  sir  Mordred,  who  escaped. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii. 
142-145  (1470). 

Agrica'ne  (4  syl.),  king  of  Tar- 
tary,  in  the  Orlando  Innamorato,  of 
Bojardo.  He  besieges  Angelica  in  the 
castle  of  Albracca,  and  is  slain  in  single 
combat  by  Orlando.  He  brought  into 
the  field  2,200,000  troops. 

Such  forces  met  not,  nor  so  wide  a  camp, 
When  African,  with  all  bis  northern  powers, 
Besieged  Albracca. 

Milton,  Paradise  Regained,  iii.  (1671). 

Ag'rios,  Lumpishness  personified ; 
a  "sullen  swain,  all  mirth  that  in 
himself  and  others  hated  ;  dull,  dead,  and 
leaden."  Described  in  canto  viii.  of 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(1635).     (Greek,  agrlos,  "a  savage.") 

Agrippina  was  granddaughter,  wife, 
Bister,  and  mother  of  an  emperor.  She 
was  granddaughter  of  Augustus,  wife  of 
Claudius,  sister  of  Caligula,  and  mother 
of  Nero. 

*«*  Lam'pedo  of  Lacedsmon  was  daugh- 
ter, wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a  king. 

Agripy'na  or  Ag'ripyne  (3  syl.), 
a  princess  beloved  by  the  "king  of 
Cyprus'  son,  and  madly  loved  by  Orleans." 
— Thomas  Dekker,  Old  Fortunatus  (a 
comedy,  1G00). 

A'gue  (2  syl.).  It  was  an  old  super- 
stition that  if  the  fourth  book  of  the  Iliad 
was  laid  open  under  the  head  of  a  person 
Buffering  from  Quartan  ague,  it  would  cure 
him  at  once.  Sercnus  Sammon'icus  (pre- 
ceptor of  Gordian),  a  noted  physician,  has 
amongst  his  medical  precepts  the  follow- 
ing :— 

Moonlce  Illudoe  quartum  supponc  tlnuntl. 

Pros.  50. 


Ague-cheek  (Sir  Andrew),  a  silly 
old  fop  with  "3000  ducats  a  year,"  very 
fond  of  the  table,  but  with  a  shrewd 
understanding  that  "beef  had  done  harm 
to  his  wit."  Sir  Andrew  thinks  himself 
"  old  in  nothing  but  in  understanding," 
and  boasts  that  he  can  "cut  a  caper, 
dance  the  coranto,  walk  a  jig,  and  take 
delight  in  masques,"  like  a  young  man. — 
Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

Woodward  (1737-1777)  always  sustained  "sir  Andrew 
Ague-cheek"  with  infinite  drollery,  agisted  by  that  ex. 
pre8sion  of  "  rueful  dismay,"  which  gave  so  peculiar  • 
zest  to  his  Marplot.— Boaden,  Life  of  Siddont. 

Charles  Lamb  says  that  "Jem  White  saw  James  Dodd 
one  evening  in  A gue-cheik.  and  necHnlilng  htm  next 
day  in  Fleet  Street,  took  off  his  hat.  and  s.,iutc.i  him  with 
"  Save  you,  sir  Andrew !  "  Dodd  simply  waved  his  hand 
and  exclaimed,  "  Away,  fool  1 " 

A'haback  and  Des'ra,  two  en- 
chanters, who  aided  Ahu'bal  in  his  rebel- 
lion against  his  brother  Misnar,  sultan  of 
Delhi.  Ahubal  had  a  magnificent  tent 
built,  and  Horani  the  vizier  had  one  built 
for  the  sultan  still  more  magnificent. 
When  the  rebels  made  their  attack,  the 
sultan  and  the  best  of  the  troops  were 
drawn  off,  and  the  sultan's  tent  was 
taken.  The  enchanters,  delighted  with 
their  prize,  slept  therein,  but  at  night  the 
vizier  led  the  sultan  to  a  cave,  and  asked 
him  to  cut  a  rope.  Next  morning  he 
heard  that  a  huge  stone  had  fallen  on  the 
enchanters  and  crushed  them  to  mummies. 
In  fact,  this  stone  formed  the  head  of  the 
bed,  where  it  was  suspended  by  the  ropo 
which  the  sultan  had  severed  in  the 
night. — James  Ridley,  Tales  of  the  Genii 
("The  Enchanters'  Tale,"  vi.). 

Ahasue'rus,  the  cobbler  who  pushed 
away  Jesus  when,  on  the  way  to  exe- 
cution, He  rested  a  moment  or  two  at  his 
door.  "  Get  off  !  Away  with  yen  !  "  cried 
thecobbler.  "Truly,  I  goaway,"  returned 
Jesus,  "and  that  quickly;  but  tarry  thou 
till  I  come."  And  from  that  time*  Aha- 
suerus  became  the  "wandering  Jew," 
who  still  roams  the  earth,  and  will  con- 
tinue so  to  do  till  the  "second  coming 
of  the  Lord."  This  is  the  legend  given 
by  Paul  von  Eitzcn,  bishop  of  Schleswig 
(1547). — Greve,  Memoir  of  Paul  von 
Eitzen  (17-14). 

Aher'man  and  Ar'gen,  the  forma 
a  fortress,  and  the  latter  a  suite  of  im- 
mense halls,  in  the  realm  of  Eblis,  where 
are  lodged  all  creatures  of  human  intelli- 
gence before  the  creation  of  Adam,  and 
all  the  animals  that  inhabited  the  earth 
before  the  present  races  existed. — W. 
Beckford,   Vathek  (1780). 

Ah'med  (Prince),  noted  for  the  tent 


AHOLIBAMAH. 


14 


ALADDIN. 


givea  him  by  the  fairy  Pari-banou, 
which  would  cover  a  whole  army,  and 
yet  would  fold  up  so  small  that  it  might 
be  carried  in  one's  pocket.  The  same 
good  fairy  also  gave  him  the  apple  of 
Samarcand',  a  panacea  for  all  diseases. — 
Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments  ("  Prince 
Ahmed,  etc."). 

*«*  Solomon's  carpet  of  green  silk  was 
large  enough  for  all  his  army  to  stand 
upon,  and  when  arranged  the  carpet  was 
wafted  with  its  freight  to  any  place  the 
king  desired.  This  carpet  would  also  fold 
intc  a  very  small  compass. 

The  ship  Skidbladnir  had  asimilar elastic 
virtue,  for  though  it  would  hold  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Valhalla,  it  might  be 
folded  up  like  a  sheet  of  paper. 

Bayard,  the  horse  of  the  four  sons  of 
Aymon,  grew  larger  or  smaller  as  one  or 
more  of  the  four  sons  mounted  it.  (See 
Aymon.) 

Aholiba'mah,  granddaughter  of 
Cain,  and  sister  of  Anah.  She  was 
loved  by  the  seraph  Samias'a,  and  like 
her  sister  was  carried  off  to  another  planet 
when  the  Flood  came. — Byron,  aeaven 
und  Earth. 

Proud.  Imperious,  and  aspiring,  she  denies  that  »he 
worships  the  seraph,  and  declare-  that  hU  immortality  can 
testow  no  love  more  pure  and  warm  than  tier  own,  and 
she  expresses  a  conviction  that  there  is  a  ray  within  her 
••  which,  though  forbidden  yet  to  shine,"  is  MTi 
lighted  at  the  same  eUiereal  Are  as  tils  own.— Findeu, 
Ut/ron  tieauties. 

Ah'riman  or  Ahrima'nes  (4  syl.), 
the  angel  of  darkness  and  of  evil  in  the 
Mngian  system,  slain  by  Mithra. 

Ai'denn.  So  Poe  calls  Eden.  It  is 
a  reproduction  in  English  spelling  of  the 
Arabic  form  of  the  word. 

Toll  this  soul,  with  sorrow  laden, 
if  within  the  distant  Aldenn, 
It  shall  clasp  a  sainted  maiden, 
Whom  the  angels  name  Lenore. 

Edgar  foe,  The  Raven. 

Aikwood  (Ringan),  the  forester  of 
sir  Arthur  Wardour,  of  Knockwinnock 
Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary. 

Aim/well  (Thomas,  viscount),  a 
gentleman  of  broken  fortune,  who  pays 
his  addresses  to  Dorin'da,  daughter  of 
lady  Bountiful.  He  is  very  handsome 
and  fascinating,  but  quite  "  a  man  of  the 
world."  He  and  Archer  are  the  two  beaux 
of  The  Beaux'  Stratagem,  a  comedy  by 
George  Farquhar  (1705). 

I  thought  it  rather  odd  that  Holland  should  he  the 
Inly  "mister"  of  the  party,  and  I  said  to  mysel  ,  as 
Gibbet  said  when  he  heard  that  "  Ainiwell  "  had  gone  to 
church,  "  That  looks  suspicious  "  (act  U.  sc.  i).~ James 
toilth,  Mtmoirt.  Letters,  etc  (1840). 

Aircastle,  in    the    Cozeners,    by    S 


Foote.  The  original  of  this  rambling 
talker  was  Gahagan,  whose  method  of 
conversation  is  thus  burlesqued  : 

Aircastle :  "  Did  I  not  tell  yo  i  what  parson  Prunella 
saidr  I  remember.  Mrs.  Lightfoot  was  by.  She  had  been 
brought  to  bed  that  day  was  a  month  of  a  very  fine  boy — 
a  bad  birth  ;    for  Dr.  Seeton.  -vbo  served  his  time  with 

Luke  Lancet,  of  Guise's There  was  also  a  talk  about 

him  and  Nancy  the  daughter.  She  afterwards  married  Wl.l 
Whitlow,  another  apprentice,  who  had  great  expec- 
taUons  from  an  old  uncle  in  the  Grenadiers ;  but  he  left  ail 
to  a  distant  relation.  Kit  Cable,  a  inidJiipman  aboard 
the  Torbay.  She  was  lost  eoeBlxsj  home  In  the  chamu-l. 
The  captain  was  taken  up  by  a  coaster  Irom    Kye.  loaded 

with  cheese "  [Now.  pray,  what  did    parson  Pruiirllo 

say  t  Tills  is  a  pattern  of  Mrs.  Nlckleby's  rambling 
gossip.] 

Air'lie  [The  earl  of),  a  royalist  in  the 
service  of  king  Charles  I. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
Lcijcnd  of  Montrose. 

Airy  (Sir  Geor*)e),  a  man  of  fortune, 
in  love  with  Miran'da,  the  ward  of  sir 
Francis  Grir>e. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  The 
B'tsyboily  (17u;t). 

A'jax,  son  of  Oileus  [O.i'.luce], 
generally  called  "the  less."  In  conse- 
quence of  his  insolence  to  Cassan'dra,  the 
prophetic  daughter  of  Priam,  his  ship 
was  driven  on  ■  mck,  ami  he  [lerishod  at 
sea. — Homer,  Odyssey,  iv.  607  ;  Virgil, 
sEneid,  i.  41. 

A'jax  Tel'amon.  Sophocles  has  a 
tragedy  called  Ajax,  in  which  "the 
mailman"  scourges  a  ram  he  mistakes  for 
Ulysses.  His  encounter  with  a  li 
sheep,  which  he  fancied  in  his  madness  to 
be  the  sons  of  Atreus,  has  been  men- 
tinned  at  greater  or  less  length  by  several 
Greek  and  Roman  poets.  l>i>n  Quixote 
had  a  similar  adventure.  This  Ajax  is 
introduced  by  Shakespeare  in  his  drama 
called  Troilns  and  L'resstda.  (See  Ali- 
phaknon.) 

The  Tuscan  p.>et  [Ariotto]  doth  advance 
The  frantic  paladin  of  France  [Orlando  Furioto); 
And  those  more  ancient  [So/  koctis  and  S*neca\  do  en- 
hance 

Alcides  In  his  fury  [/lercuUi  Fureiu]; 
And  others,  Ajax  Telamon  ; — 
But  to  this  time  there  hath  been  none 
80  bedtim  as  our  oberon  ; 

Of  vbicu  1  dare  assure  you. 

M.  Drayton,  XymyhUHa  (15*3-1631) 

Ajut  and  Arm  in  gait,  in  The  Ram- 
bler. 

Part,  liko  Ajut.  never  to  return 

Campbell,  I'teature*  u/  Uoy*.  IL  (17»l 

Ala'ciel,  the  genius  who  went  on  a 
voyage  to  the  two  islands,  Tacitumia  and 
Merryland  [London  and   Portal. — De  la 

Dixmerie    L'islc    Taciturne   et    I'isle   En- 
ht  Genie  Alaciel  dans  It* 
deux  lies  (1759). 


tail 


Aladdin,    son    of    Mustafa   a    pom 
ilor,  oi  China,  "  obstinate,  disobedient, 


ALADDIN. 


16 


ALASNAM. 


and  mischievous,"  wholly  abandoned  "  to 
indolence  and  licentiousness."  One  day 
an  African  magician  accosted  him,  pre- 
tending to  be  his  uncle,  and  sent  him  to 
bring  up  the  "  wonderful  lamp,"  at  the 
game  time  giving  him  a  "  ring  of  safety." 
Aladdin  secured  the  lamp,  but  would  not 
hand  it  to  the  magician  till  he  was  out  of 
the  cave,  whereupon  the  magician  shut 
him  up  in  the  cave,  and  departed  for 
Africa.  Aladdin,  wringing  his  hands  in 
despair,  happened  to  rub  the  magic  ring, 
when  the  genius  of  the  ring  appeared 
before  him,  and  asked  him  his  com- 
mands. Aladdin  requested  to  be  delivered 
from  the  cave,  and  he  returned  home. 
By  means  of  his  lamp,  he  obtained 
untold  wealth,  built  a  superb  palace,  and 
married  Badroul'boudour,  the  sultan's 
daughter.  After  a  time,  the  African 
magician  got  possession  of  the  lamp,  and 
cau«?d  the  palace,  with  all  its  contents,  to 
be  transported  into  Africa.  Aladdin  was 
absent  at  the  time,  was  arrested  and 
ordered  to  execution,  but  was  rescued  by 
the  populace,  with  whom  he  was  an  im- 
mense favourite,  and  started  to  discover 
what  had  become  of  his  palace.  Happen- 
ing to  slip,  he  rubbed  his  ring,  and  when 
the  genius  of  the  ring  appeared  and  asked 
his  orders,  was  instantly  posted  to  the 
place  where  his  palace  was  in  Africa. 
He.  poisoned  the  magician,  regained  the 
lamp,  and  had  his  palace  restored  to  its 
original  place  in  China. 

Yes,  ready  money  ia  Aladdin's  lamp. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  xil.  12. 

Aladdin's  Lamp,  a  lamp  brought 
from  an  underground  cavern  in  "  the 
middle  of  China."  Being  in  want  of 
food,  the  mother  of  Aladdin  began  to 
scrub  it,  intending  to  sell  it,  when  the 
genius  of  the  lamp  appeared,  and  asked 
her  what  were  her  commands.  Aladdin 
answered,  "  I  am  hungry ;  bring  me 
food  ;  "  and  immediately  a  banquet  was 
set  before  him.  Having  thus  become 
acquainted  with  the  merits  of  the  lamp, 
he  became  enormously  rich,  and  married 
the  sultan's  daughter.  By  artifice  the 
African  magician  got  possession  of  the 
lamp,  and  transported  the  palace  with  its 
contents  to  Africa.  Aladdin  poisoned  the 
magician,  recovered  the  lamp,  and  re- 
translated the  palace  to  its  original  site. 

Aladdin's  Palace  Windows.  At  the 
top  of  the  palace  was  a  saloon,  containing 
twenty-four  windows  (six  on  each  side), 
and  all  but  one  enriched  with  diamonds, 
rubies,  and  emeralds.  One  was  left  fur 
U*c  sultan  to  complete,  but  all  the  jewel- 


lers in  the  empire  were  unable  to  make  on* 
to  match  the  others,  so  Aladdin  com- 
manded "  the  slaves  of  the  lamp "  to 
complete  their  work. 

Aladdin's  Ring,  given  him  by  the 
African  magician,  "  a  preservative 
against  every  evil." — Arabian  Nights 
("  Aladdin  and  the  Wonderful  Lamp  "). 

Al'adme,  the  sagacious  but  cruel 
king  of  Jerusalem,  slain  by  Raymond. — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Al'adine  (3  syl.),  son  of  Aldus  "  a 
lustv  knight." — Spenser,  Faery  Queer*, 
vi.  3  (1596). 

Alaff,  Anlaf,  or  Olaf,  son  of 
Sihtric,  Danish  king  of  Northumberland 
(died  927).  When  /Ethelstan  [Athelstan] 
took  possession  of  Northumberland,  Akitf 
fled  to  Ireland,  and  his  brother  Guthfrith 
or  Godfrey  to  Scotland. 

Our  English  Athelstan, 

In  Uie  Northumbrian  fields,  with  most  victorious  might. 

Put  Alaff  and  his  powers  to  more  inglorious  flight. 

Drayton,  I'olyulbion,  xii.  (1612). 

Al  Araf,  the  great  limbo  between 
paradise  and  hell,  for  the  half  good. — Al 
A'ordn,  vii. 

Alar'con  king  of  Barca,  who  joined 
the  armament  of  Egypt  against  the  cru- 
saders, but  his  men  were  only  half 
armed. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (157 '5). 

Alarie  Cottin.  Frederick  the  Gicat 
of  Prussia  was  so  called  by  Voltaire. 
"  Alarie  "  because,  like  Alarie,  he  was  a 
great  warrior,  and  "Cottin"  because,  like 
Cottin,  satirized  by  Boileau,  he  was  a 
very  inditferent  poet. 

Alas'co,  alias  Dr.  Dkhktrius  Do- 
boobiis,  an  old  astrologer,  consulted  by 
the  earl  of  Leicester. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kcnilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Alas'nam  (Prince  Zeyn)  possessed 
ci.^ht  statues,  each  a  single  diamond  on  a 
gold  pedestal,  but  had  to  go  in  search  of 
a  ninth,  more  valuable  than  them  all. 
This  ninth  was  a  lady,  the  most  beauti- 
ful and  virtuous  of  women,  "more  pre- 
cious than  rubies,"  who  became  his  wife. 

One  pure  and  perfect  [woman]  ts  .  .  .  like  AUic^m'i 
lady,  worth  them  all.— Sir  Waller  Scott. 

Alasnam's  Mirr<r.  When  Alasnam  wag 
in  search  of  his  ninth  statue,  the  king  of 
the  Genii  gave  him  a  test  mirror,  in  which 
he  was  to  look  when  he  saw  a  beauti- 
ful girl,  "if  the  glass  remained  pure 
and  unsullied,  the  damsel  would  be  the 
same,  but  if  not,  the  damsel  would  not 


ALASTOR. 

be  wholly  pure  in  body  and  in  mind." 
This  mirror  was  called  "  the  touchstone 
of  virtue." — Arabian  Nights  ("  Prince 
Zeyn  Alasnam"). 

Alas'tor,  a  house  demon,  the  "  skele- 
ton in  the  closet,"  which  haunts  and 
torments  a  family.  Shelley  has  a  poem 
entitled  Alastor  or  the  Spirit  of  Soli- 
tude. 

Cicero  rays  he  meditated  killing  himself  that  he  mivht 
become  the  Alastor  of  Augustus,  whom  be  hated. — Plu- 
tarch, Cicero,  etc.  ("  Parallel  Lives"). 

God  Almighty  mustered  up  an  army  of  mice  against  the 
archbishop  [J/atto],  and  sent  them  to  persecute  him  as 
his  furious  Ala-tors. — Coryat,  Cruditict.  571. 

Al'ban  (St.)  of  Ver'ulam,  hid  his  con- 
fessor, St.  Am'phibal,  andchangingclothes 
with  him,  suffered  death  in  his  stead. 
This  was  during  the  frightful  persecution 
of  Maximia'nus  Hercu'lius,  general  of 
Diocle'tian's  army  in  Britain,  when  1000 
Christians  fell  at  Lichfield. 

Alban— our  proto-martyr  called. 

Drayton,  /'olyolblon.  xxir.  (1622). 

Alba'nia,  the  Scotch  Highlands,  so 
called  from  Albanact,  son  of  Brute,  the 
mythical  Trojan  king  of  Britain.  At  the 
death  of  Unite  "  Britain "  was  divided 
between  his  three  sons :  Locrin  had  Eng- 
land ;  Albanact  had  Albania  (Scotland)  ; 
and  Kamber  had  Cambria  (  Wales). 

He  [Arthur]  by  force  of  :inn<  Albania  overrun. 
Pursuing  of  the  puts  beyond  mount  Caledon. 

Drayton,  I'olyolbion,  iv.  (1C12). 

Alba'nia  (Turkey  in  Asia).  It  means 
"the  mountain  region,"  and  properly  com- 
prehends Schirwan,  Da<jhest<tn,  and  Geor- 
gia.    In  poetry  it  is  used  very  loosely. 

Al'berick  of  Moktkmar,  the  same 
as  Theodorick  the  hermit  of  Engaddi,  an 
exiled  nobleman.  He  tells  king  Bichard 
the  history  of  his  life,  and  tries  to  dissuade 
him  from  sending  a  letter  of  defiance  to 
the  archduke  of  Austria. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  2\Uisman  (time,  Bichard  I.). 

Al'berick,  the  squire  of  prince  Richard 
(one  of  the  sons  of  Henry  II.  of  Eng- 
land).— SirW.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Albert,  commander  of  the  Britannia. 
Brave,  liberal,  and  just,  softened  and 
refined  by  domestic  ties  and  superior  in- 
formation. His  ship  was  dashed  against 
the  projecting  verge  of  Cape  Colonna,  the 
most  southern  point  of  Attica,  and  he 
perished  in  the  sea  because  Bodmond 
(second  in  command)  grasped  on  his  legs 
and  could  not  be  shaken  otf. 

Though  trained  in  boisterous  element*,  bis  mind 
Was  yet  by  soft  humanity  refined ; 
Kacb  my  of  wedded  love  at  borne  be  knew, 
Abroad,  confess.^!  the  father  of  his  crew.  •  . 


16  ALBION. 

His  genius,  erer  for  th'  event  prepared. 

Koae  with  the  storm,  and  all  it-  dangers  shared. 

Falconer,  The  bhipwrecJc,  i.  '1  (1754). 

Albert,  father  of  Gertrude,  patriarch 
and  judge  of  Wyo'ming  (called  by  Camp- 
bell YVy'oming).  Both  Albert  and  his 
daughter  were  shot  by  a  mixed  force  of 
British  and  Indian  troops,  led  by  one 
Brandt,  who  made  an  attack  on  the  settle* 
ment,  put  all  the  inhabitants  to  the  sword, 
eet  fire  to  the  fort,  and  destroyed  all  the 
houses. — Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming 
(1809). 

Albert,  in  Goethe's  romance  called  Th* 
Sorrowt  of  Werther,  is  meant  for  his 
friend  Kestner.  He  is  a  young  German 
farmer, who  married  CharlotteBuff(called 
"  Lotte"  in  the  novel  |,  with  whom  Goetho 
was  in  love.  Goethe  represents  himself 
under  the  name  of  Werther  (</.  t\). 

Albert  of  Grei'erstein  (Count), 
brother  of  Arnold  Biederman.  and  pr>-i- 
dent  of  the  "  Secret  Tribunal."  He  some- 
times appeara  at  a  "blank  priest  of  St. 
Paul's,"  and  sometimes  as  the  "monk  of 
St.  \  ictoirc." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
m  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Albertaz'zo  married  Alda,  daughter 
of  <  itlio,  duke  of  Saxony.  His  gone 
were  Ugo  and  Fulco.  From  this  stem 
springs  the  Royal  Family  of  England. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Albia'zar,  an  Arab  chief,  who  joing 
the  Egyptian  armament  against  the  cru- 
saders. 

A  chief  In  rapine,  not  In  knighthood  bird. 

haw,  JeriiHil.-m  flafiaereg,  ivil.  (1575). 

Albin,  the  primitive  name  of  the 
northern  part  of  Scotland,  called  by  the 
Bomans  "  Calcdo'nia."  This  was  the  part 
inhabited  by  the  PictS.  The  Scots  mi- 
grated from  Scotia  {north  of  Ireland), 
and  obtained  mastery  under  Kenneth 
Macalpin,  in  843. 

Green  Albin,  what  though  be  no  more  surrey 

Thy  ships  at  anrhor  on  the  quiet  shore. 

Thy  pnlhwhs  fjanryiotesi]  rolling  from  the  mountain  hay. 

Thy  lone  sepulchral  cairn  upon  the  rh  or. 

And  distant  isles  that  hear  tin;  loud  t'xrhrechtan  roar. 
Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming.  L  5  (1S09). 

Al'bion.  In  legendary  history  this 
word  is  variously  accounted  for.  One 
derivation  is  from  Albion,  a  giant,  son  of 
Neptune,  its  first  discoverer,  who  ruled 
over  the  island  for  forty-four  years. 

Another  derivation  is  Al'bia,  eldest 
of  the  fifty  daughters  of  Diocle'sian  king 
of  Syria.  These  fifty  ladies  all  married 
on  the  same  day,  anil  all  murdered  their 
husbauds  on  the  wedding  night.     By  way 


ALBORAK. 


17 


ALCHEMIST. 


of  pnnishment,  they  were  cast  Adrift  in  a 
ehip,  unmanned,  but  the  wind  drove  the 
vessel  to  our  coast,  where  these  Syrian 
damsels  disembarked.  Here  they  lived 
the  rest  of  their  lives,  and  married  with 
the  aborigines,  "a  lawless  crew  of  devils." 
Milton  mentions  this  legend,  and  naively 
adds,  "it is  too  absurd  and  unconscionably 
gross  to  be  believed."  Its  resemblance  to 
the  fifty  daughters  of  Dan'aos  is  palpable. 

Drayton,  in  his  Poti/olbion,  says  that 
Albion  camo  from  Rome,  was  "the  first 
martyr  of  the  land,"  and  dying  for  the 
faith  8  sake,  left  his  name  to  the  country, 
where  OiTa  subsequently  reared  to  him 
"a  rich  and  sumptuous  shrine,  with  a 
monastery  attached." — Song  xvi. 

Albion,  king  of  Briton,  when  O'beron 
held  his  court  in  what  is  now  called  "  Ken- 
sington Gardens."  T.  Tickellhas  a  poem 
upon  this  subject. 

Albion  wars  with  Jove's  Son.  Albion, 
son  of  Neptune,  wars  with  Her'cules,  son 
of  Jove.  Neptune,  dissatisfied  with  the 
share  of  his  father's  kingdom,  awarded  to 
him  by  Jupiter,  aspired  to  dethrone  his 
brother,  but  Hercules  took  his  father's 
part,  and  Albion  was  discomfited. 

Since  Albion  wielded  arms  against  the  son  of  Jove. 
M.  Drayton,  Polyolbion,  iv.  (lGl'J). 

Albo'rak,  the  animal  brought  by 
Gabriel  to  convey  Mahomet  to  the  seventh 
heaven.  It  had  the  face  of  a  man,  the 
cheeks  of  a  horse,  the  wings  of  an  eagle, 
and  spoke  with  a  human  voice. 

Albrac'ca,  a  castle  of  Cathay  (China), 
to  which  Angel'ica  retires  in  grief  when 
she  finds  her  love  for  Rinaldo  is  not  re- 
ciprocated. Here  she  is  besieged  by 
Ae'ricane  king  of  Tartary,  who  is  re- 
solved to  win  her. — Bojardo,  Orlando 
Innamorato  (1495). 

Albracca's  Damsel,  Angel'ica.  (See 
above.) — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

ATbuma'zar,  Arabian  astronomer 
(776-885). 

Cliftunt^clere,  our  cocke,  must  tell  what  is  o'clock*, 
By  the  astrologyo  Unit  he  hath  naturally 
Conceyued  and  caught ;  for  lie  was  never  taught 
By  AJbum.-u.ir,  tb.6aitronomar, 
Nor  by  Pthulomy,  |  >rince  of  astronomy. 

J.  Skelton,  J'Mlip  Bparow  (time.  Henry  VIII.). 

Alcai'ro,  the  modern  name  of  Mem- 
phis (Egypt). 

Not  Babylon 
Nor  (Teat  Alcalro  inch  magnificence 
Equalled,  in  all  their  glories, 

IllItOD,  ParatUM  Lot:.  I.  717  (1668). 

A-lceste  (8  syf.)  or  Alcestis,  «  ife  of 
Admetns.    On  his  wedding  day  Admetns 

neglected  to  oiler  sacrifice  to  Diana,  but 


Apollo  induced  the  Fates  to  spare  his 
life,  if  he  could  find  a  voluntary  substi- 
tute. His  bride  offered  to  die  for  him, 
but  Hercules  brought  her  back  from  tha 
world  of  shadows. 

V*  Euripides  has  a  Greek  tragedy  on 
the  subject  (Alcestis)  ;  Gluck  has  an  opera 
(Alceste)  libretto  by  Calzabigi  ( 1 7<'..r. )  ; 
Philippi  Qninanlt  produced  a  French 
tragedy  entitled  Alceste,  in  1074 ;  and 
Lagrange-Chancel  in  1694  produced  a 
French  tragedy  on  the  same  subject. 

Alceste'  (2  syl.),  the  hero  of  Moliere's 
comedy  Le  Misanthrope  (1666),  not  un- 
like Timon  of  Athens,  by  Shakespeare. 
Alceste  is  in  fact  a  pure  and  noble  mind 
soured  by  perfidy  and  disgusted  with 
society.  Courtesy  6eems  to  him  the  vice 
of  fops,  and  the  usages  of  civilized  life  no 
better  than  hypocrisy.  Alceste  pays  his 
addresses  to  Cclimbne,  a  coquette. 

Alceste  Is  an  upright,  manly  character,  but  rude  and  im- 
patient, even  of  the  ordinary  civiliUes  of  life. — Sir  Waller 
Scott. 

Alces'tis  or  Alces'tes  (3  syl.), 
daughter  of  Pel'ias  and  wife  of  Admetus, 

who  gave  herself  up  to  death  to  save  the 
life  of  her  husband.  Hercules  fetched  her 
from  the  grave,  and  restored  her  to  her 
husband.  Her  story  is  told  by  Wm, 
Morris,  in  The  Earthly  Paradise  (June). 

***  Longfellow,  in  The  Golden  / 
has  a  somewhat  similar  story  :  Henry  of 
Hoheneck  was  like,  to  die,  and  was  told 
he  would  recover  if  he  could  find  a 
maiden  willing  to  lay  down  her  life  for 
him.  Elsie,  the  daughter  of  Gottlieb 
(a  tenant  farmer  of  the  prince),  vowed 
to  do  so,  and  followed  the  prince  to 
Salerno,  to  surrender  herself  to  Lucifer ; 
but  the  prince  rescued  her,  and  made 
her  his  wife.  The  excitement  and  exer- 
cise cured  the  indolent  young  prince. 

Al'chemist  (T/u),  the  last  of  the 
three  great  comedies  of  Ben  Jonson  (1610). 
The  other  two  are  Vol'pone  (3  si/L), 
(1605),  and  The  Silent  Woman  (1609). 
The  object  of  The  Alchemist  is  to  ridicule 
the  belief  in  the  philosopher's  Btone 
and  the  elixir  of  life.  1  he  alchemist 
is  "Subtle,"  a  mere  quack;  and  "sir 
Epicure  Mammon"  is  the  chief  dupe,  who 

supplies  money,  etc.,  for  the  "transmu- 
tation of  metal."  "Abel  Drugger "  • 
tobacconist,  and  "Dapper"  a  Lawyer's 
clerk,  are.  two  other  dupes.  "Captain 
Face,"  a/itU  "Jeremy,"  the  house-servant 

of  "  Love  wit."  and  "Do!  Common"  are 

his  allies.  The  whole  tiling  is  blown  up 
by  the  unexpected  return  of  "  Lovewit  " 


ALCIBIADES. 


18 


ALDABELLA. 


Alcibi'ades  (5  s;/L),  the  Athenian 
general.  Being  banished  by  the  senate,  he 
marches  against  the  city,  and  the  senate, 
being  unable  to  offer  resistance,  open 
the  gates  to  him  (b.c.  450^104).  This 
incident  is  introduced  by  Shakespeare  in 
Timon  of  Athens. 

Alcibiades  has  furnished  Otway  with 
the  subject  of  an  English  tragedy  (1672), 
and  J.  G.  de  Campistron  with  one  in 
French  (Alcibiadc,  1683). 

Alcibi'ades'  Tables  represented  a 
god  or  goddess  outwardly,  and  a  Sile'nus, 
or  deformed  piper,  within.  Erasmus  has 
a  curious  dissertation  on  these  tables 
(Adage,  667,  edit.  R.  Stephens) ;  hence 
emblematic  of  falsehood  and  dissimula- 
tion. 

Whoso  wants  virtue  U  compared  to  these 
False  tables  wrought  by  Alcibiades  ; 
Which  noted  well  of  all  were  found  t've  bin 
Most  fair  without,  but  most  deformed  within 
Win.  Browne,  Drilannia't  I'attoralt,  I.  (1C13). 

Alci'des,  Hercules,  son  of  Alcieus; 
any  strong  and  valiant  hero.  The  drama 
called  Hercules  Farms  is  by  Eurip'ides. 
Seneca  has  a  tragedy  of  the  same  title. 

The  Tuscan  poet  [A  riotto]  doth  advance 
The  frantic  paladin  of  Franc*1  \Orlando  Furioto]; 
And  those  more  ancient  do  enhance 
alcldfis  in  bis  fury. 

M.  Drayton,  Kymphidia  (1563-1631). 
Where  is  the  great  Alcidrs  of  the  field, 
Valiant  lord  Talbot,  earl  of  Shrewsbury  t 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  VI.  act  iv.  so.  7  (1689). 

Alci'na,  Carnal  Pleasure  personified. 
In  Bojardo's  Orlando  Innamorato  she 
is  a  fairy,  who  carries  off  Astolfo.  In 
Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso  she  is  a  kind 
of  Circe,  whose  garden  is  a  scene  of 
enchantment.  Alcina  enjoys  her  lovers 
for  a  season,  and  then  converts  them  into 
trees,  stones,  wild  beasts,  and  so  on,  as 
her  fancy  dictates. 

Al'ciphron  or  The  Minute  Philoso- 
pher, the  title  of  a  work  by  bishop 
Berkeley,  so  called  from  the  name  of  the 
chief  speaker,  a  freethinker.  The  object 
of  this  work  is  to  expose  the  weakness  of 
infidelity. 

Al'ciphron,  "the  epicurean,"  the  hero 
of  T.  Moore's  romance  entitled  The 
Epicurean. 

Like  Alclphron,  we  swing  in  air  and  darkness,  and  know 
not  whither  the  wind  blows  us. — Putnam't  Magazine. 

Aleme'na  (in  Moliere,  Alanine),  the 
wife  of  Amphitryon,  general  of  the  The- 
ban  army.  While  her  husband  is  absent 
warring  against  the  Telebo'ans,  Jupiter 
assumes  the  form  of  Amphitryon  ;  but 
Amphitryon  himself  returns  home  the 
text  day,  and  graat  confusion  arises  be- 


tween the  false  and  true  Amphitryon, 
which  is  augmented  by  Mercury,  who 
personates  Sos'ia,  the  slave  of  Amphi- 
tryon. By  this  amour  of  Jupiter,  Alc- 
mena  becomes  the  mother  of  Her'cules. 
Plautus,  Moliere,  and  Dryden  have  all 
taken  this  plot  for  a  comedy  entitled 
Amphitryon. 

Alco-fri'bas,  the  name  by  which 
Rabelais  was  called,  after  he  came  out  of 
the  prince's  mouth,  where  he  resided  for 
six  months,  taking  toll  of  every  morsel  ol 
food  that  the  prince  ate.  l'antag'rur] 
gave  "the  merry  fellow  the  lairdship  ol 
Salmigondin." — Rabelais,  Panfo/ruel,  ii. 
82  (1533). 

Al'colomb,  "  subduer  of  hearts," 
daughter  of  Abou  Aibouof  Damascus,  and 
sister  of  Ganem.  The  caliph  Haroun-al- 
Raschid,  in  a  fit  of  jealousy,  commanded 
Ganem  to  be  put  to  death,  and  his  mother 
and  sister  to  do  penance  for  three  days  in 
Damascus,  and  then  to  be  banished  from 
Syria.  The  two  ladies  came  to  Bagdad, 
and  wore  taken  in  by  the  charitable  syn- 
dec  "f  the  jewellers.  When  the  jealous 
fit  of  the  caliph  was  "v.r  lie  sent  for  the 
two  exiles.  Alcolomb  he  made  his  wife, 
and  her  mother  he  married  to  his  vizier. 
— Arabian  Nightt  ("Ganem,  the  Slave  of 
Love  "). 

Alcy'on,  "the  wofullest  man  alive." 
but  once  "  the  jolly  shepherd  swain  that 
wont  full  merrily  to  pi|>e  and  dance,"  near 
where  the  Severn  flows.  One  day  he  saw 
a  lion's  cub,  and  brought  it  up  till  it  fol- 
lnwed  him  about  like  a  dog;  but  a  cruel  satyr 
shot  it  in  mere  wantonness.  By  the  lion's 
cub  he  means  Daphne,  who  died  in  her 
prime,  and  the  cruel  satyr  is  death.  He 
said  he  hated  everything — the  heaven,  the 
earth,  fire,  air,  and  sea,  the  day,  the  night ; 
he  hated  to  speak,  to  hear,  to  taste  food,  to 
see  objects,  to  smell,  to  feel  ;  he  hated 
man  and  woman  too,  for  his  Daphne  lived 
no  longer.  What  became  of  this  doleful 
shepherd  the  poet  could  never  ween. 
Alcyon  is  sir  Arthur  Gorges. — Spenser. 
Daphaida  (in  seven  fyttes,  1590). 


Ami  there  Is  that  Alcyon  bent  to  i 

Though  fit  to  frame  an  everlasting  ditty, 

Whose  gentie  sprite  tor  Dapbne'l  death  doth  turn 
bweet  lays  of  love  to  endless  plaints  of  pity. 
Spenser,  Colin  Clout t  Come  Home  Again  (15!il). 

Aley'one  or  Halcyone  (l  ty/.). 
daughter  oi  Stilus,  who,  on  hearing  of 
her  husband's  death  by  shipwreck,  threw 
herself  into  the  sea,  and  was  changed  to  a 
kingfisher.     (See  Halcyon  Dats.) 

Aldabel'la,  wife  of  Orlando,  sister  ol 


ALDABELLA. 


19 


ALESSIO. 


Olivrr,  and  daughter  of  Monodan'tcs. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso,  etc.  (1516). 

Aldabella,  a  marchioness  of  Florence, 
very  beautiful  and  fascinating,  but  arro- 
gant and  heartless.  She  used  to  give 
entertainments  to  the  magnates  of  Flo- 
rence, and  Fazio  was  one  who  spent 
moat  of  his  time  in  her  society.  Bian'ca 
ttis  wife,  being  jealous  of  the  marchioness, 
accused  him  to  the  duke  of  being  privy 
to  the  death  of  Bartoldo,  and  for  this 
offence  Fazio  was  executed.  Bianca  died 
broken-hearted,  and  Aldabella  was  con- 
demned to  spend  the  rest  of  her  life  in  a 
nunnery. — Dean  Milman,  Fazio  (a  tragedy, 
1815). 

Alden  (John),  one  of  the  sons  of  the 
Pilgrim  fathers,  in  love  with  Priscilla,  the 
beautiful  puritan.  Miles  Standish,  a  bluff 
old  soldier,  wishing  to  marry  Priscilla, 
asked  John  Alden  to  go  and  plead  for 
him  ;  but  the  maiden  answered  archly, 
"  Why  don't  you  speak  for  yourself, 
John  "  Soon  after  this,  Standish  being 
reported  killed  by  a  poisoned  arrow,  John 
6poko  for  himself,  and  tho  maiden  con- 
sented. Standish,  however,  was  not  killed, 
but  only  wounded  ;  he  made  his  reappear- 
ance at  tho  wedding,  where,  seeing  how 
matters  stood,  he  accepted  tho  situation 
with  the  good-natured  remark  : 

If  you  would  be  served  you  must  serve  yourself;  and 

moreover 
No  man  can  gather  cherries  in  Kent  at  the  season  of 

Christmas. 

Longfellow,  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,  Ix. 

Aldiborontephoscophorruo  [AV- 
dibo-ron'te-fos'co-for'nio~\,  a  character  in 
Chrononhotonthologos,  by  II.  Carey. 

(Sir  Walter  Scottused  to  call  James  Bal- 
lantyne,  the  printer,  this  nickname,  from 
his  pomposity  and  formality  of  speech.) 

Al'diger,  son  of  Buo'vo,  of  the  house 
of  Olarmont,  brother  of  Malagi'gi  and 
Vivian. — Ariosto,  Oiiaiulo  Furioso  (151(1). 

Al'dine  (2  s///.),  leader  of  the  second 
squadron  of  Arabs  which  joined  the 
Egyptian  armament  against  the  crusaders. 
Tasso  says  of  the  Arabs,  "Their  accents 
Wen  female  and  their  stature  diminu- 
tive "  (xvii.). — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered 
(l.r.7.r>). 

Al'dingar  (Sir),  steward  of  queen 
Eleanor,  wife  of  Henry  II.  He  impeached 
the  queen's  fidelity,  ami  agreed  to  prove 
his  ihnrgo  by  single  combat;  but  an 
angel  (in  the  shape  of  a  little  child) 
established  the  queen's  innocence.  This 
is  probably   a  blundering  version  of  the 


story    of    Gunhilda    and    the    emperof 
Henry. — Percy,  Jieliques,  ii.  9. 

Aldo,  a  Caledonian,  was  not  invited  by 
Fingal  to  his  banquet  on  his  return  to 
Morven,  after  the  overthrow  of  Swararu 
To  resent  this  affront,  he  went  over  to 
Fingal's  avowed  enemy,  Erragon  king  of 
Sora  (in  Scandinavia),  and  here  Lorna,  the 
king's  wife,  fell  in  love  with  him.  The 
guilty  pair  fled  to  Morven,  which  Erragon 
immediately  invaded.  Aldo  fell  in  single 
combat  with  Erragon,  Lorna  died  of 
grief,  and  Erragon  was  slain  in  battle  by 
Gaul,  son  of  Morni. — Ossian  ("The  Battle 
of  Lora  "). 

Aldrovand  (Father),  chaplain  of  sir 
Raymond  Berenger,  the  old  Norman 
warrior. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  II.). 

Aldrick  the  Jesuit,  confessor  of 
Charlotte  countess  of  Derby. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Feveril  of  tlie  Peak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Aldus,  father  of  Al'adine  (3  syl.),  the 
"  lusty  knight." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
vi.  3  (1596). 

Alea,  a  warrior  who  invented  dice  at 
the  siege  of  Troy  ;  at  least  so  Isidore  of 
Seville  says.  Suidas  ascribes  the  inven- 
tion to  Palamedes. 

Alea  est  Indus  talmlie  inventa  a  GriBcis,  in  otio  Trojanl 
belli,  a  quodam  milite,  nuniine  Ai.ka,  a  quo  ct  ars  noinen 
accepit. — Isidorus,  Orig.  xviii.  67. 

Alector'ia,  a  stone  extracted  from  a 
capun.  It  is  said  to  ronder  the  wearer 
invisible,  to  allay  thirst,  to  antidote 
enchantment,  and  ensure  love. — Mirror  of 
Stones. 

Alee'tryon,  a  youth  set  by  Mars  to 
guard  against  surprises,  but  he  fell  asleep, 
and  Apollo  thus  surprised  Mars  and 
Venus  in  each  others'  embrace.  Mars  in 
anger  changed  the  boy  into  a  cock. 

And  from  out  tho  nelghbotirlltg  f.inn>:ml 
Loud  Uia  cock  .XJi'ilnnn  crowed. 

Luiiyfvllow.  Paganutm  round 

A'lepll,  the  nam  de  )>'nm,-  of  the  Ucv. 
William  Harvey,  of  Belfast  (1808-         ). 

Ale'ria.  one  of  the  Amazons,  and  the 
besi  beloved  of  the  ten  wives  of  Guido  tho 
Savage. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Alcssio,  the  young  man  with  whom 
Lisa  was  living  in  concubinage,  when 
Elvi'no  promised  to  marry  her.  Elvino 
made  the  promise  out  of  pique,  because 
he  thoughl  Ami'na  was  not  faithful  to 
him,  hut  when  he  discovered  his  error  he 
returned  to  his  first  love,  and  left  Lisa  to 


ALETHES. 


20 


ALFADER. 


many  Alcssio,  with  whom  she  had  been 
previously  cohabiting. — Bellini'a  opera, 
La  Sonnambula  (1831). 

Ale  thes  (3  syl.),  an  ambassador  from 
Egypt  to  king  Al'adine  (3  syl.)  ;  subtle, 
false,  deceitful,  and  full  of  wiles. — Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Alexander  the  Great,  a  tragedy 
by  Nathaniel  Lee  (1678).  In  French  we 
have  a  novel  called  Roman  tTAlexaadr*. 
by  Lambert-li-cors  (twelfth  century),  and 
a  tragedy  by  Racine  (ltJuo). 

This  was  a  favourite  part  with  T.  Betterton  (ME15- 
1710),  Win.  Mountford  (1080-1089),  H.  N.,rri,  (1880- 
17*4);  C.  Hulct  (1701-1736).  au.l  Bgmngaf  lurry  (1710- 
1777);  but  J.  W.  Croker  sayn  that  J.  P.  K 
"Hamlet,"  "Coriolanus."  "Alexander."  sad  "C«U>," 
excelled  all  his  predecessors. — Boswell's  Johnton. 

Alexander    an    Athlete.       Alexander, 
being   asked  if  he   would   run   a   coarse 
at  the  Olympic  games,  replied,  '•  J 
my  competitors  are  all  kings." 

The      Albanian      Alexander^     George 
Castriot    (Scanderbeg    or    I» 
1404-1467). 

The  Persian  Alexander,  Sandjar  (111 7— 
1158). 

Alexander  of  the  North,  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden  (1682->1718). 

Alexander  deformed. 

Amnion's  great  son  one  shoulder  had  too  high. 

Pope,  Prologue  to  the  Satirct,  117. 

Alexander  and  Ilomsr.  When  Alex- 
ander invaded  Asia  Minor,  he  offered  up 
sacrifice  to  Priam,  and  then  went  to  vi>it 
the  tomb  of  Achilles.  Here  he  exclaimed, 
"  O  most  enviable  of  men,  who  had 
Homer  to  sing  thy  deeds ! " 

Which  made  the  Eastern  conqueror  to  cry, 
"O  fortunate  young  man  !  whoa  virtue  found 
80  brave  a  trump  thy  noble  deedl  to  sound." 

Spenser,  The  liuim  0/  Tim*  (1591). 

Alexander  and  Parme'nio.  When 
Darius,  king  of  Persia,  offered  Alexander 
his  daughter  Stati'ra  in  marriage,  with  a 
dowry  of  10,000  talents  of  gold,  Parmenio 
Baid,  "  I  would  accept  the  offer,  if  I  were 
Alexander."  To  this  Alexander  rejoined, 
"  So  would  I,  if  I  were  Parrnenio." 

On  another  occasion  the  general  thought 
the  king  somewhat  too  lavish  in  his 
gifts,  whereupon  Alexander  made  answer, 
"  I  consider  not  what  Parmenio  ought  to 
receive,  but  what  Alexander  ought  to 
give." 

Alexander  and  Perdiccas.  When  Alex- 
ander started  for  Asia  he  divided  his 
possessions  among  his  friends.  Perdiccas 
asked  what  he  had  left  for  himself. 
"  Hope,"  said  Alexander.  "  If  hope  is 
enough    for    Alexander, "    replied    the 


friend,  "it  is  enough  for  Perdiccas  also  ;" 
and  declined  to  accept  anything. 

il/flHSJUfoT  and  A' i/i/i  1- /.  Alexander 
encountered  Raphael  in  a  cave  in  the 
mountain  of  Kaf,  and  being  asked  what 
he  was  in  search  of,  replied,  "  The  water  >>f 
immortality."  Whereupon  Rapha>  . 
him  a  stone,  and  told  him  when  he  band 
another  of  the  same  weight  he  would 
gain  his  wish.  "  And  how  long,"  said 
Alexander,  "  have  1  to  live?"  The  nmr«-l 
replied,  "  Till  the  how  alx>ve  thee  and 
the  earth  beneath  thee  are  of  iron."  Alex 
ander  DOW  went  forth  and  found  ■ 

.t  reqaired,  sad  in  ordei 
to    con  balance,  added  a    Utile 

earth  ;    falling  from  hi~  .'uir  tie 

was  laid  in  his  armour  on  the  grotir 
his  shield  was  set  up  over  him  to  ward  off 
the  sun.  Then  understood  he  that  he 
would  u'ain  immortality  when,  like  the 
stone,  lie  was  buried  in  the  earth,  and  that 
his  hour  was  come,  for  the  earth  l>cnenth 
him  was  iron,  and  his  iron  buckl- 
his  vault  of  heaven  abo.  lied. 

'ulr    ■i?hl    the    Robber. 
IHon'ides,   a  pirate,   was   brought  before 
Alexander,  he  exclaimed,  "Vile  br 
how  dare   you  infest  the  seas  with   jrOtH 

i-   V  "  ••  And      J  "U."      repl;. 

pirate,  '•  |,v  what  ri„'ht  do  you  rav.i 
world  I    have  only  one  ship, 

I  am  Called  a  hri_-  .  i   who  ha\e 

a  whole  fleet   :>re  termed  a  coDoneror." 

Alexander  admired   the   man 

and  commanded  him  to  be  set  at  liberty. 

Alexander' t  Heard,  a  smooth  chin,  or 
a  very  small  heard.  It  is  said  that  Alex- 
ander the  Great  had  scarcely  anv  ' 
at  all. 

Disgraced  yet  with  Alexander'*  ' 

0.  Gascuigne.  Th*  SftU  Ulai  (died  1377). 

Alexamler's  Runner,  Ladas. 
Alexan'dra,  daughter  of  Oronthea, 

queen  of  the  Am'aaotW,  and  one  of  the 
ten  wives  of  Klba'nio.  It  is  Iron  this 
person  that  the  land  of  the  Amazons  was 
called  Alexandra. — ArioatO,  Urtamiu  Fu- 
rioso  (1516). 

Alexan'drite  (4  »///.),  a  species  of 
beryl  found  in  Siberia.  It  shows  tha 
Russian  colours  (green  and  red),  and  is 
named  from  the  emperor  Alexander  of 
Russia. 

Alex'is,  the  wanton  shepherd  in  The 
Faithful  Shepherdess,  a  pastoral  drama  by 
John  Fletcher  (1G10). 

Alfa'der,  the  father  of  all  the  Asen 
(deities)    of     Scandinavia,    creator     and 


ALFONSO. 

governor  of  the  universe,  patron  of  arts 
and  magic,  etc. 

Alfonso,  father  of  Leono'ra  d'Este, 
and  duke  of  Ferrara.  Tasso  the  poet  fell 
in  love  with  Leonora.  The  duke  conlined 
him  as  a  lunatic  for  seven  years  in  the 
asylum  of  Santa  Anna,  but  at  the  expira- 
tion of  that  period  he  was  released  through 
the   intercession   of    Vincenzo   Gonzago, 

j  duke  of  Mantua.     Byron  refers  to  this  in 

I  his  Childe  Harold,  iv.  36. 

Alfonso  XI.  of  Castile,  whose  "favour- 
ite" was  Leonora  de  Guzman. — Donizetti, 
La  Favorita  (an  opera,  1842). 

Alfon'so  {Don),  of  Seville,  a  man  of  50 
and  husband  of  donna  Julia  (twenty-seven 
years  his  junior),  of  whom  he  was  jealous 
without  cause. — Byron,  Bon  Juan,  i. 

Alfon'so,  in  Walpole's  tale  called  The 
Castle  of  Otranto,  appears  as  an  appari- 
tion in  the  moonlight,  dilated  to  a  gigantic 
form  (1769). 

Alfred  as  a  Gleeman.  Alfred, 
wishing  to  know  the  strength  of  the 
Danish  camp,  assumed  the  disguise  of  a 
minstrel,  and  stayed  in  the  Danish  camp 
for  several  days,  amusing  the  soldiers 
with  his  harping  and  singing.  After  he 
had  made  himself  master  of  all  he  re- 
quired, he  returned  back  to  his  own  place. 
—William  of  Malmesbury  (twelfth  cen- 
tury). 

William  of  Malmesbury  tells  a  similar 
story  of  Anlaf,  a  Danish  king,  who,  he 
says,  just  before  the  battle  of  Brunan- 
burh,  in  Northumberland,  entered  the 
camp  of  king  Athelstan  as  a  gleeman, 
harp  in  hand  ;  and  so  pleased  was  the 
English  king  that  he  gave  him  gold. 
Anlaf  would  not  keep  the  gold,  but  buried 
it  in  the  earth. 

Algarsife  (3  syl.)  and  Cam'ballo,  sons 
of  Cambuscan'  king  of  Tartary,  and 
ElfCta  his  wife.  Algarsife  married 
Theodora. 

I  speak  of  Algarsife, 
How  that  he  won  Theodora  to  his  wife. 

Chaucer,  The  Squire't  Tale. 

Al'gebar'  ("the  giant").  So  the  Ara- 
bians call  the  constellation  Orion. 

Begirt  with  many  a  blazing  star, 
Stood  the  great  giant  Algubar— 
Orion,  hunter  of  the  beast. 

Longfellow,  The  Oceultation  of  Orion. 

All,  cousin  and  son-in-law  of  Ma- 
homet. The  beauty  of  his  eyes  is  pro- 
rerbia]  in  Persia.  Ayn  J/ali  ("eyes  of 
Ali")  is  Llic  highest  compliment  a  Persian 
lun  pay  to  beauty. — Chardin. 


21  ALICIA. 


Ali  Baba,  a  poor  Persian  wood- 
carrier,  who  accidentally  learns  the  magic 
•words,  "Open  Sesame ! "  "Shut  Sesame  ! " 
by  which  he  gains  entrance  into  a  vast 
cavern,  the  repository  of  stolen  wealth 
and  the  lair  of  forty  thieves.  He  makes 
himself  rich  by  plundering  from  these 
stores  ;  and  by  the  shrewd  cunning  of 
Morgiana,  his  female  slave,  the  captain 
and  his  whole  band  of  thieves  are  extir- 
pated. In  reward  of  these  services,  Ali 
Baba  gives  Morgiana  her  freedom,  and 
marries  her  to  his  own  son. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves"). 

Alias.  "You  have  as  many  aliases 
as  Robin  of  Bagshot."  (See  Robin  of 
Bagshot.) 

Al'ice  (2  syl.),  sister  of  Valentine,  in 
Mons.  Thomas,  a  comedy  by  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  (1619). 

Al'ice  (2  syl.),  foster-sister  of  Robert  le 
Diable,  and  bnde  of  Rambaldo,  the  Nor- 
man troubadour,  in  Meyerbeer's  opera  of 
Roberto  il  Diavolo.  She  comes  to  Palermo 
to  place  in  the  duke's  hand  his  mother's 
"■will,"  which  he  is  enjoined  not  to  read 
till  he  is  a  virtuous  man.  She  is  Robert's 
good  genius,  and  when  Bertram,  the 
fiend,  claims  his  soul  as  the  price  of  his 
ill  deeds,  Alice,  by  reading  the  will,  re- 
claims him. 

Al'ice  (2  syl.),  the  sen-ant-girl  of  dame 
Whitecraft,  wife  of  the  innkeeper  at  Al- 
tringham. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Al'ice,  the  miller's  daughter,  a  story  of 
happy  first  love  told  in  later  years  by 
an  old  man  who  had  married  the  rustic" 
beauty.  He  was  a  dreamy  lad  when  he 
first  loved  Alice,  and  the  passion  roused 
him  into  manhood.  (See  Rose.) — Tenny- 
son, Hie  Miller's  Daughter. 

Al'ice  (The  Lady),  widow  of  Walter 
knight  of  Avenel  (2  syl.). — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Al'ice  [Gray], called  "Old  Alice  Gray," 
a  quondam  tenant  of  the  lord  of  Ravens- 
wood.  Lucy  Ashton  visits  her  after  the 
funeral  of  the  old  lord. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jhidc  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
111.). 

Aliehi'no,  a  devil  in  Dante's  Inferno. 

Alicia  gave  her  heart  to  Mosby,  but 
married  Arden  for  his  position.  As  a 
wife,  she  played  falsely  with  her  hus- 
band,  and  even  joined  Mosby  in  a  plot  to 
murder  him.      Vacillating  between  love 


ALICIA. 

for  Mosby  and  respect  for  Arden,  she 
repents,  and  goes  on  sinning ;  wishes  to 
get  disentangled,  but  is  overmastered  by 
Slosby's  stronger  will.  Alicia's  passions 
impel  her  to  evil,  but  her  judgment  ac- 
cuses her  and  prompts  her  to  the  right 
course.  She  halts,  and  parleys  with  sin, 
like  Balaam,  and  of  course  is  lost. — Anon., 
Arden  of  Feversham  (1592). 

Alic'ia,  "  a  laughing,  toying,  wheed- 
ling, whimpering  she,"  who  once  held 
lord  Hastings  under  her  distaff,  but  her 
annoying  jealousy,  "vexatious  days,  and 
jarring,  joyless  nights,"  drove  him  away 
from  her.  Being  jealous  of  Jane  Shore, 
she  accused  her  to  the  duke  of  (Jloster  of 
alluring  lord  Hastings  from  his  allegiance, 
and  the  lord  protector  soon  tramped  up  a 
charge  against  both ;  the  lord  chamberlain 
he  ordered  to  execution  for  treason,  and 
Jane  Shore  he  persecuted  for  witchcraft. 
Alicia  goes  raving  mad. — Rowe,  Jane 
Shore  (1713). 

The  king  of  Denmark  went  to  see  Mrs.  Tirllamy  play 
"Alicia," and  fell  into  a  sound  sleep.  The  angry  lady  baa 
to  say,  "O  thou  false  lord  I"  ami  she  draw  n,ar  to  the 
slumbering  monarch,  and  shouted  the  words  into  the 
royal  box.  The  king  started,  rubbed  all  By»B,  and  re- 
marked that  he  would  not  have  Mich  a  woman  for  his 
wife,  though  she  had  no  end  of  kingdoms  for  a  dowry. — 
CornkUl  Magazine  (1B63). 

Alic'ia  (The  lady),  daughter  of  lord 
Waldemar  Fitzarse. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivan- 
hoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Alick  [Poi/worth],  one  of  the  ser- 
vants of  Waverley.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Alifan'faron,  emperor  of  the  island 
Trap'oban,  a  Mahometan,  the  suitor  of 
Pentap'olin's  daughter,  a  Christian.  Pcn- 
tapolin  refused  to  sanction  this  alliance, 
and  the  emperor  raised  a  vast  army  to 
enforce  his  suit.  This  is  don  Quixote's 
solution  of  two  flocks  of  sheep  coming  in 
opposite  directions,  which  he  told  Sancho 
were  the  armies  of  Alifanfaron  and  Pen- 
tapolin. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iii.  4 
(1605). 

Ajax  the  Greater  had  a  similar  encoun- 
ter.   (See  Ajax.) 

Alin'da,  daughter  of  Alphonso,  an 
irascible  old  lord  of  Sego'via. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Pilgrim  ( 1 621 ). 

(Alinda  is  the  name  assumed  by  young 
Archas  when  he  dresses  in  woman's  attire. 
This  young  man  is  the  son  of  general 
Archas,  "  the  loyal  subject"  of  the  great 
duke  of  Moscovia,  in  a  drama  by  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  called  The  Loyal  Sub- 
ject, 1618.) 


22  ALKKN. 


Aliprando,  a  Christian  knight,  who 
discovered  the  armour  of  Rinaldo,  and 
took  it  to  Godfrey.  Both  inferred  that 
Rinaldo  had  been  slain,  but  were  mis- 
taken.— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Al'iris,  sultan  of  Lower  Buchar'ia, 
who,  under  the  assumed  name  of  Fer'- 
amorz,  accompanies  Lalla  Rookh  from 
Delhi,  on  her  way  to  be  married  to  the 
sultan.  He  wins  her  love,  and  amuses 
the  tedium  of  the  journey  by  telling  hei 
talcs.  When  introduced  to  the  sultan, 
her  joy  is  unbounded  on  discovering  that 
Feramon  the  poet,  who  has  won  her 
heart,  is  the  sultan  to  whom  she  is  be- 
trothed.— T.  Moore,  Lalla  Rookh. 

Alisavmder  (Sir),  sumamed  Lor- 
fklin,  son  of  the  good  prince  Bondwine 
and  his  wife  An  glides  ('.i  <///.).  Sir 
Mark,  king  of  Cornwall,  murdered  sir 
Bondwine,  who  was  his  brother,  whilo 
Aliaannder  was  a  mere  child.  NYhen 
Alisannder  was  knighted,  hie  mother  gave 
him  his  father's  doublet,  "babied  with  old 
blood,"  and  charged  him  to  revenge  hie 
father's  death.  Alisannder  mamea  A  lis 
la  Beale  Pilgrim,  and  had  one  son  called 
Bellen'gerna  le  Beose.  Instead  of  ful- 
filling his  mother's  charge,  he  was  him- 
self "falsely  and  feloniously  slain"  by 
king  Mark. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Kiny  Arthur,  ii.  119-125  (1470). 

Al'ison,  the  young  wife  of  John,  a 
rieh  old    miserly   carpenter.     Abtolen,   a 

priggish  parish  clerk,  paid  her  attention, 
but  she  herself  loved  a  poor  seholar  named 
Nicholas,  lodging  in  her  husband's  house. 
Fair  she  was,  and  her  body  lithe  as  a 
weasel.  She  had  a  roguish  eye,  small 
eyebrows,  was  "  long  as  a  mast  and  up- 
right as  a  bolt,"  more  "  pleasant  to  look 
on  than  a  flowering  pear  tree,"  and  her 
skin  "  was  softer  than  the  wool  of  a 
wether." — Chaucer,  "The  Miller's  Tale" 
(Canterbury  Tales,  1388). 

Al'ison,  in  sir  W.  Scott's  Kcniltcorth,  is 
an  old  domestic  in  the  service  of  the  earl 
of  Leicester  at  Cumnor  Place. 

Al  Kadr  ( The  Night  of).    The  07th 

chapter  of  the  Koran  is  so  entitled.     It 

was  the  night  on  which  Mahomet  received 

from  (iabriel  his  first  revelation,  and  was 

probably  the  -'1th  of  Ramadan. 

Verily  we  sent  down  the  Koran  in  the  night  of  Al  Kadr. 
— A I  Kordn,  xcrii. 

Allien,  an  old  shepherd,  who  instructs 
Robin  Hood's  men  how  to  find  a  witch, 


ALKOKEMMI. 


28 


ALL-FAIR. 


and  how  she  is  to  be  huuted. — Ben  Jon- 
son,  The  Sad  Shepherd  (1G37). 

Alkoremmi,  the  palace  built  by  the 
Motassem  on  the  hill  of  "  Pied  Horses." 
His  son  Vathek  added  five  wings  to  it, 
one  for  the  gratitication  of  each  of  the 
five  senses. 

I.  The  Eternal  Banquet,  in  which 
were  tables  covered  both  night  and  day 
with  the  most  tempting  foods. 

II.  The  Nectar  of  the  Soul,  filled 
with  the  best  of  poets  and  musicians. 

III.  The  Delight  of  the  Eyes,  filled 
with  the  most  enchanting  objects  the  eye 
could  look  on. 

IV.  The  Palace  of  Perfumes,  which 
was  always  pervaded  with  the  sweetest 
odours. 

V.  The  Retreat  of  Joy,  filled  with 
the  loveliest  and  most  seductive  houris. — 
W.  Beckford,  Vatlick  (1784). 

All's  "Well  that  Ends  Well,  a 
comedy  by  Shakespeare  (1598).  The 
hero  and  heroine  are  Bertram  count  of 
Rousillon,  and  Hel'ena  a  physician's 
daughter,  who  are  married  by  the  com- 
mand of  the  king  of  France,  but  part 
because  Bertram  thought  the  lady  not 
sufficiently  well-born  for  him.  Ulti- 
mately, however,  all  ends  well.  (See 
Helena.) 

The  story  of  this  play  is  from  Painter's 
Gillctta  ofNarbon. 

All  the  Talents  Administration, 
formed  by  lord  Greville,  in  1806,  on  the 
death  of  William  Pitt.  The  members 
were  lord  Greville,  the  earl  Fitzwilliam, 
viscount  Sidmouth,  Charles  James  Fox, 
earl  Spencer,  William  Windham,  lord 
Erskine,  sir  Charles  Grey,  lord  Minto, 
lord  Auckland,  lord  Moira,  Sheridan, 
Richard  Fitzpatrick,  and  lord  Ellen- 
borough.     It  was  dissolved  in  1807. 

On  "  all  the  talents  "  vent  your  venal  spleen. 
Byron,  English  Rardi  and  Scotch  Reviewer*. 

Allan,  lord  of  Ravenswood,  a  decayed 
Scotch  nobleman. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
III.). 

Al'lan  (Mrs.),  colonel  Mannering's 
housekeeper  at  Woodburne. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannerimj  (time,  George  II.). 

Ai'lan  [BbECS  Camebon],  the  ser- 
geant sent  to  arrest  Hamish  Bean 
McTavish,  by  whom  he  is  shot. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  The  Iiii/hland  Widow  (time,  George 
II.). 

Allan-a-Dale,  one  of  Uobiu  Hcod'a 


men,  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Ivanhoe.     (See  Ai.lin-a-Dale.) 

Allegory  for  Alligator,  a  mala- 
propism. 

She's  as  headstrong  as  an  allegory  on  the  banks  of  the 
Nile. 

Sheridan,  The  Rivalt.  iil.  2  (1775). 

Alle'gre  (3  syl.),  the  faithful  servant 
of  Philip  Chabot.  When  Chabot  wan 
accused  of  treason,  Allegre  was  put  to  the 
rack  to  make  him  confess  something  to 
his  master's  damage,  but  the  brave  fellow 
was  true  as  steel,  and  it  was  afterward! 
shown  that  the  accusation  had  no  foun- 
dation but  jealousy. — G.  Chapman  and 
J.  Shirley,  The  Trwjcdy  of  Philip  Cltahot. 

Allelu'jah,  wood-sorrel,  so  called  by 
a  corruption  of  its  name,  Juliola,  where- 
by it  is  known  in  the  south  of  Italy . 
Its  official  name,  Luzula,  is  another  shade 
of  the  same  word. 

Allemayne  (2  syl.),  Germany,  from 
the  French  Allemayne.  Also  written 
Allemain. 

Thy  faithful  bosom  swooned  with  pain, 
0  loveliest  maiden  of  Alle'nia;  tie. 

OtmpbeU,  77k:  Brave  Roland. 

Allen  (Ralph),  the  friend  of  Pope, 
and  benefactor  of  Fielding. 

Let  humble  Allen,  with  an  awkward  shame. 
Do  good  by  stealth,  and  blush  to  find  It  fame. 

Pop* 

Allen  (Lony),  a  soldier  in  the  "  guards  " 
of  king  Richard  I. — Sir  W.  Scott,  77i« 
Talisman, 

Allen  (.Major),  an  officer  in  the  duke  of 
Monmouth's  army. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Alley  (The),  i.e.  the  Stock  Ex- 
change Alley  (London). 

John  Hire,  after  many  active  years  in  the  Alley,  retired 
to  tin'  Continent  ;  and  died  at  the  age  of  118.— Old  and 
Xeu  London. 

All-Fair,  a  princess,  who  was  saved 
from  the  two  lions  (which  guarded  the 
Desert  Fairy)  by  the  Yellow  Dwarf,  on 
condition  that  she  would  become  hi» 
wife.  On  her  return  home  she  hoped  to 
evade  this  promise  by  marrying  the  brave 
king  of  the  Gold  Mines,  but  on  the  wed- 
ding day  Yellow  Dwarf  carried  her 
off  on  a  Spanish  cat,  and  confined  her  in 
Steel  Castle.  Hero  Gold  Mine  came  to 
her  rescue  with  a  magic  sword,  but  in  his 
joy  at  finding  her,  he  dropped  his  sword, 

and  was  stabbed  to  the  heart  with  it 
by  Yellow  Dwarf.  All-Fair,  falling  on 
the  body  of  her  lover,  died  of  a  brokei. 


ALLIN-A-DALE. 


21 


ALMEYDA. 


heart.  The  syren  changed  the  dead 
lovers  into  two  palm  trees. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("The  Yellow 
Dwarf,"  1682). 

Allin-a-Dale  or  Allen-a-Dale,  of 
Nottinghamshire,  was  to  be  married  to  a 
lady  who  returned  his  love,  but  her 
parents  compelled  her  to  forego  young 
Allin  for  an  old  knight  of  wealth.  Allin 
told  his  tale  to  Robin  Hood,  and  the  bold 
forester,  in  the  disguise  of  a  harper,  went 
to  the  church  where  the  wedding  cere- 
mony was  to  take  place.  'When  the 
wedding  party  stepped  in,  Bdbin  Hood 
exclaimed,  "This  is  no  fit  match;  the 
bride  shall  be  married  only  to  the  man  of 
her  choice."  Then  sounding  his  horn 
Allin-a-Dale  with  four  and  twenty  bow- 
men entered  the  church.  The  bishop 
refused  to  marry  the  woman  to  Allin  till 
the  banns  had  been  asked  three 
whereupon  Robin  pulled  off  the  bishop's 
gown,  and  invested  Little  John  in  it,  who 
asked  the  banns  ueven  times,  and  |  re- 
formed the  ceremony. — Robin  Hood  and 
Allin-a-Dale  (a  ballad). 

Allnut  (Noll),  landlord  of  the  Swan, 
Lambythe  Ferry  (1625). 

Grace  Allnut,  his  wife. 

Oliver  Allnut,  the  landlord's  son. — 
Sterling,  John  Felton  (1862). 

Allworth  {Lady),  stepmother  to 
Tom  Allworth.  Sir  Giles  Overreach 
thought  she  would  marry  his  nephew 
Wellborn,  but  she  married  lord  Lovel. 

Tom  Allworth,    stepson    of   lady   All- 
worth,  in  love  with  Margaret  Ovt on 
whom    he   marries. — Massinger,    A  New 
Way  to  pay  Old  Debts  ( 1 

The  first  apiienrance  of  Thomas  King  was  "Allworth," 
on  the  ltfth  October.  1748.— Boaden. 

All'worthy,  in  Fielding's  Tom 
Jones,  a  man  of  sturdy  rectitude,  huge 
charity,  infinite  modesty,  independent 
spirit,  and  untiring  philanthropy,  with 
an  utter  disregard  of  money  or  fame. 
Fielding's  friend,  Ralph  Allen,  was  the 
academy  figure  of  this  character. 

Alma  (the  human  soul),  queen  of 
"  Body  Castle,"  which  for  seven  years 
was  beset  by  a  rabble  rout.  Spenser 
lays,  "The  divine  part  of  man  is 
circular,  and  the  mortal  part  triangular." 
Arthur  and  sir  Guyon  were  conducted  by 
Alma  over  "Body  Castle." — Spenser, 
Fabry  Queen,  ii.  9  (1590). 

Almoin,  Germany,  in  French  Alle- 
tnayne. 


Almansor  ("the  invincible"),  a  title 
assumed  by  several  Mussulman  princes,  as 
by  the  second  caliph  of  the  Abbasside 
dynasty,  named  Ahou  Giafar  Abdallah 
(the  inriwi'ile,  ct  it  mcuuor).  Also  by  the 
famous  captain  of  the  Moors  in  Spain, 
named  Mohammed.  In  Africa,  Yacoub- 
al-Modjahed  was  entitled  "  al  man  \ 

royal  name  of  dignity  given  to  the  kings 
of  Fez,  Morocco,  and  Algiers. 

Thr  kingdoms  of  Alinansor,  Fat,  and  Bus, 
Morocco  and  Algiers. 

Milton.  ParadU*  Lot.  iL  403  (1S63). 

Almanzor,  the  caliph,  wishing  to 
found  a  city  in  a  certain  spot,  wm  told  by 
a  hermit  named  Bagdad  that  a  man 
called  Moclas  was  destined  to  be  its 
founder.  "  I  am  that,  man,"  said  the 
caliph,  and  he  then  told  the  hermit  how  in 

h 1  he  once  stole  a  bracelet  and 

pawned  it,  whereupon  his  nurse  ever  after 
called  him   '  thief).    Almanzor 

founded  the  city,  and  called  it  Bagdad, 
the  name  of  the  hermit. — Marigny. 

Almcm'gor.  in  Pryden's  tragedy  of  The 
Cowpust  of 

Almm' ;or,  lackey  of  Madelon  and  her 
cousin  Catlios,  the  affected  fine  ladies  in 
Moliere's    comedy     of     Ises    JVsfciSMM 

i 

Almavi'va    (Count   and    con 
The  count  is  a  libertine  ;    the  coui/- 
his  wife.— T.   Holcroft,   The  Follies  of  a 
Day  (171.-,-!- 

Alme'ria,  daughter  of  Manuel  king 
of  Grana'da.    Wh  ilentaa. 

prince  Alphonso  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
Being  compelled  to  flight,  married  her; 
but  on  the  vary  day  of  espousal  the  ship 
in  which  they  were  «"i»"g  was  wrecked, 
and  each  thought  the  other  had  p-  i 
Both,  however,  were  saved,  and  nut 
unexpectedly  on  the  coast  of  Gra- 
nada, to  which  Alphonso  was  brought 
as  a  captive.  Here  Alphonso,  under  tl*e 
assumed  oameof  Osmyn,  was  imprisoned, 
but  made  his  escape,  and  at  the  head 
of  an  army  invaded  (iranada,  found 
Manuel  dead,  and  "the  mournful  bride" 
became  converted  into  the  joyful  wife. — 
W.  Congrere,  The  Mommima  liride  (16H7). 

Almes'rjury  (3  tut.).  It  was  in  a 
sanctuary  of  Aline-bury  that  queen 
Gucnever  took  refuge,  after  her  adul- 
terous passion  for  sir  Lancelot  was  made 
known  to  the  kin:;.  Here  she  died,  but 
her  body  was  buried  at  Glastonbury. 

Almey'da,  the  Portuguese  govemoi 


ALMIROPS. 


25 


ALP. 


of  India.  In  his  engagement  with  the 
united  lleets  of  Cambava  and  Egypt,  lie 
had  his  logs  and  thighs  shattered  by  chain- 
shot,  but  instead  of  retreating  to  the 
back,  he  had  himself  bound  to  the  ship- 
mast,  where  he  "waved  his  sword  to 
cheer  on  the  combatants,"  till  he  died 
from  loss  of  blood. 

Similar  stories  are  told  of  admiral 
Bei.bow,  Cynsegeros  brother  of  the  poet 
/Eschylos,  Jaafer  who  carried  the  sacred 
banner  of  "the  prophet"  in  the  battle 
if  Muta,  and  of  some  others. 

Whirled  by  the  cannons'  rage,  in  shivers  torn, 
His  thighs  far  scattered  o'er  the  waves  are  borne  ; 
bound  to  the  roast  the  godlike  hero  .standi. 
Waves  his  proud  sword  and  cheers  his  woeful  bands  : 
Tho'  winds  and  seas  their  wonted  aiil  deny. 
To  yield  he  knows  not ;  but  lie  knows  to  die. 

Camoens,  Lusiad,  x.  (1569). 

Almirods  (The),  a  rebellious  people, 
who  refused  to  submit  to  prince  Pan- 
tag'ruel  after  his  subjugation  of  Anar- 
chus  king  of  the  Dipsodes  (2  si/L).  It 
was  while  Pantagruel  was  marching 
against  these  rebels  that  a  tremendous 
shower  of  rain  fell,  and  the  prince,  putting 
out  his  tongue  "half-way,"  sheltered  his 
whole  army. — Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  ii.  32 
(1533). 

ALnas'eliar,  the  dreamer,  the  "bar- 
ber's fifth  brother."  lie  invested  all  his 
money  in  a  basket  of  glassware,  on  which 
he  was  to  gain  so  much,  and  then  to  in- 
vest again  and  again,  till  he  grew  so  rich 
that  he  would  marry  the  vizier's  daughter 
and  live  in  grandeur  ;  but  being  angry 
with  his  supposed  wife,  he  gave  a  kick 
with  his  foot  and  smashed  all  the  ware 
which  had  given  birth  to  his  dream  of 
wealth. — The  Arabian  Nights'  Entertain- 
ments. 

Echep'ron's  fable  of  The  Shoemaker  and 
a  Ha'poth  of  Milk,  in  Rabelais ;  The 
Milkmaid  ana  her  1'ail  of  Milk,  Dodslcy  ; 
and  Perrctte  et  le  Put  au  Lait,  by  l.a 
Fontaine,  are  similar  fables.  La  Fon- 
taine's fable  is  a  poetical  version  of  ono 
of  JEsop's. 

The  Alnaschar  of  Modern  Literature, 
S.  T.  Coleridge,  so  called  because  ho  was 
constantly  planning  magnificent  literary 
enterprises  which  ho  never  carried  out 
(1772-1834). 

Alnec'ma  or  Alnecmacht,  ancient 
name  of  Connaught. 

In  Alnecma  was  (lie  warrior  honoured,  the  first  of  the 
rare  of  llolga  [the  Belga  of  South  Ireland^ — Oisian 
i"  Teniorj."  ii.). 

Aloa'din  (1  sy/.),  a  sorcerer,  who  made 

f'«r  himself  a  palace  anil  garden  in  Arabia 
culled  "The  Earthly  ParadiBe."  Tbalaba 


slew  him  with  a  club,  and  the  scene  of  en- 
chantment disappeared. — Bouthey,  Tha- 
laba  the  Destroyer,  vii.  (1797). 

A.  L.  O.E.  (that  is,  A  L[ady]  0[f] 
E[ngland]),  Miss  Charlotte  Tucker,  from 
1864. 

Alon'so,  king  of  Naples,  father  of 
Ferdinand  and  brother  of  Sebastian,  in 
The  Tempest,  by  Shakespeare  (160 

Alonzo  the  brave,  tho  name  nf  a  ballad 
by  M.  G.  Lewis.  The  fair  Imogino  was 
betrothed  to  Alonzo,  but  during  his  ab- 
sence in  the  wars  became  the  bride  of 
another.  At  the  wedding-feast  Alonzo's 
ghost  sat  beside  the  bride,  and,  after  re- 
buking her  for  her  infidelity,  carried  her 
off  to  the  grave. 

Aionzo  the  brave  was  the  name  of  the  knight ; 
The  maid  was  the  fair  Imogine. 

M .  G.  Lewis. 

Alon'zo,  a  Portuguese  gentleman,  the 
sworn  enemy  of  the.  vainglorious  Duarte 
(3  s;//.),  in  the  drama  called  The  Custom 
of  the  Country,  by  Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher (1647). 

Alonzo,  the  husband  of  Cora.  He  is  a 
brave  Peruvian  knight,  the  friend  of  Rolla, 
and  beloved  by  king  Atali'ba.  Alonzo, 
being  taken  prisoner  of  war,  is  set  at 
liberty  by  Rolla,  who  changes  clothes 
with  him.  At  the  end  he  lights  with 
Pizarro  and  kills  him. — Sheridan,  Pizarro 
(altered  from  Kotzebue). 

Alonzo  (Don),  "the  conqueror  of  Afric," 
friend  of  don  Carlos,  and  husband  of 
Leonora.  Don  Carlos  had  been  betrothed 
to  Leonora,  but  out  of  friendship  resigned 
her  to  the  conqueror.  Zanga,  the  Moor, 
out  of  revenge,  persuaded  Alonzo  that  his 
wife  and  don  Carlos  still  entertained  for 
each  other  their  former  Love,  and  out  of 
jealousy  Alonzo  has  his  friend  put  to 
death,  while  Leonora  makes  away  with 
heraelf.  Zanga  now  informs  Alonzi  that 
his  jealousy  was  groundless,  and  mad  with 
grief  he  kills  himself. — Edw.  Young,  Tlic 
Revenge  (1721). 

Alonzo  Fernandez  de  Avella- 
neda,  author  of  a  spurious  Don  Q 

who  makes  a  third  sally.      This  was  pub- 
lished during  the  lifetime  of   (Vi- 
and caused  him  great  annoyance. 

Alp,  a  Venetian    renegade,  who   was 
commander  of  the  Turkish  army  in  the 
si. sge  of  (drinth.     Ho  loved    Efrai 
daughter  of    old    llinotti,   governor    of 

Corinth,  but  she  refused  to  marry  a  rene- 
gade and  apostate.     Alp  was  bhot  iu  the 


ALPH. 


80 


ALTAMONT. 


■iege,  and  Francesca  died  of  a  broken 
heart. — Byron,  Siege  of  Corinth. 

Alph,  a  river  in  Xanadu,  mentioned 
by  Coleridge  in  hi*  Kxtbla   Khan.     Tlio 
name  is  an  invention  of  Coleridge*!  : 
in  Xanadu  did  Kabla  Ktamn 

A  -lap!',  pll  Alan  -.i"in»'  ,|ecree, 
Where  Alph,  the  ■acred  river,  ran, 
Thro'  caverns  measureless  to  mail, 

Down  to  a  sunless  sea.  —  KutUa  Khan. 

Alphe'us  (3  s>/L),  a  magician  and 
pr  iphet  in  the   army  of    Charlemagne, 

sh.in  in  Bleep  by  t'lorida'no. — Ari 
lo  Furioso  (1516). 
Alphe'us  (3  syl.)f  of  classic  story,  being 
passionately  in  love  with  Arethu'sa,  pur- 
sued her,  but  she  (led  from  him  in  a 
fright,  and  was  changed  by  Diana  into 
a  fountain,  which  bears  her  name. 

Alphon'so,  an  irascible  "id  lord  in 

The  Pil'/rim,  a  coincdv  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  (1621). 

Alphon'so  king  <>f  Naples,  deposed  by 

his  brother  Frederick.  Sor&'no  tried  to 
poison  him,  but  did  not  succeed.  I'lti- 
mately  he  recovered  his  crown,  and  Fred- 
erick and  Sorano  were  sent  to  a  monastery 
for  the  rest  of  their  Lives.— Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  A  Wife  for  a  Month  (1624). 

A'jihonso.  son  of  count  Pedro  of  Canta- 
bria,  afterwards  kin:,'  of  Spain.  He  was 
plighted  to  Ilermesind,  daughter  of  lord 
Pelayo. 

The  young  Alphonso  was  In  truth  an  heir 

Of  natures  largest  patrimony,  rich 

In  form  ami  feature,  growing  strength  of  limb, 

A  gentle  heart,  a  soul  alle.  tionat©, 

A  joy, his  spirit.  Riled  with  generoui  thought*, 

And  genius  heightening  ami  ennobling  all. 

BOOther,  AW.tic*.  etc.,  viil.  (1S14). 

Alpleieh  or  Elfenreigen,  the  weird 

spirit-song,  or  that  music  which  some 
hear  before  death.  Paber  refers  to  it  in 
his  "  Pilgrims  of  the  Night" — 

Hark,  hark,  my  soul  I     Angelic  songs  are  swelling. 

And  Pope,  in  the  Dyiwj  Christian  to  his 
Souit  when  he  says — 

Hark  I  they  whisper,  angols  say, 
Sister  spirit,  eotM  away  ! 

Alps-Vinegar.    It  is  Livy  who  Bays 

that  Hannibal  poured  hot  vinegar  on  tlie 
Alps  to  facilitate  his  passage  over  the 
mountains.  Where  did  he  get  I  lie  vinegar 
from?  And  as  for  the  lire,  Polybtus 
bays  there  was  no  means  of  healing  the 
vinegar,  not  a  tree  for  lire-wood. 

Alqili'fe  (3  SJ//.),  a  famous  enchanter 
in  Amiidis  of  Qaul,  by  Vasco  de  Lobeira, 
of  Oporto,  who  died  i403. 

!■»  N del neat  such  beneficent  rnchantere  as  Al- 

fjoftlf  and  I  r^aml.i.  because  they  serve  "as  a  vindication 


of  those  who  traffic  with  the  i-werj  of  darknaa, 
de  la  Nuuc,  IHtcourui.  87  (1M7). 

Al  Hakim,  [rah. keen i'\    The  meaning 

r )   doubtful.     BoOM  KM   H 

is  the  mountain  or  valley  of   the   cave  ,.f 

•  ri    sleepers.      <  •tilers   think    it   is 

the  name  of  the  dog  shut  up  in  the  cave 

with   them  ;   but  probably  it  id  a  stone  pf 

metal  table!  ir  the  cave,  con- 

taining the  uunes  of  the  seven 

and  their  dog  Katnur'. — Sale,  Al  Koritn, 

xviii.  • 

Alrinneh,    the   demon   who   eaaani 

shipwrecks,  ami  presides  over  storing  and 

earthquake*.     When  visible  it  is  always 

in    the    f.rm    and    dress  of   a   woman.— 

m  Mythology. 

Alsa'tio,   the    Whit'  .  tuarv 

f- >r  debtors  and  law-breakers.     The  name 

of    war    and  I    when 

king  James's  son-in-law  was  the  prince 

Palatine,     sir  Walter  S 

is  graphically  described 

the  life  and   state  of  this  rookery,  but  id 

greatly  ind<  ll's  comedy, 

Alscrip  .  vulgar 

eited,  ill-nature. I, 
and  ignorant.  Having  hail  a  fortune  hit 
her.  ~!  i  •''..-  ;ur^  of  a  woman  of 

fashion,  and  exhibits  the   follies  without 
nng  the  merits  of  the  upper  ten. 
Mr.  il/scnjp,  die  vulgar  father  of  "the 
."  who  finds  the  grandeur  of  sud- 
den wealth    a   u-r.-Ht    bore,  and   in   1 

.-lis  for  the 
snug  comfort 

hit  in  Fumival's  Inn. — Genera]  Bur] 
The  :  .  -1). 

Al  Sirnt',  an    imaginary   bri.l 
tw.en  earth  and  tin'  Mahometan  pai 

pider*8  thn 

laden    with   sin   fall    over    into    the  abyss 
below. 

Al'tamont.ayounL"  l.who 

marries  (  alista,  daughter  of  lord  Bciol'to 
(:t  si/I.).   Ob  hia  wedding  dayhedii 
that  his  bride  has  been  seduced  by  Lotha'- 

rio,  and  a  duel   ensues,  in  which   Lothario 
is  killed,  whereupon CaUsta  -tabs  hfrtilf, 

—  N.  Rowe,  /' ■    Fair  Penitent  (Yi 

■."   Rowe  makes  Sciolto  three  syllable! 
always. 

[John  Quick]  commenced  his  career  at  Fnlham.  vtara 

he  performed  the  character  of  "AlU U*  which  he  »ci«d 

so  much  t"  ill.-  satlsfai  i f  tin-  manager  thai  I  i  .1 

his  wife  I.,  set  down  young  Quick  a  whole  .hare,  which,  al 
Ihecl rthi   i  ....ii  u.l  to  ibreaai.iliiuaB, 

—  llciwlr  aj  Join,  ijukX.  (133**. 


ALTAMORUS.  27 


AMADIS  OF  GREECE. 


Altamo'rus,  king  of  Samarcand', 
who  joined  the  Egyptian  armament  against 
the  crusaders.  He  surrendered  himself 
to  Godfrey  (bk.  xx.), — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1575). 

Althaea's  Brand.  The  Fates  told 
Althaea  that  her  son  Melea'ger  would  live 
just  as  long  as  a  log  of  wood  then  on  the 
fire  remained  unconsumed.  Althaea  con- 
trived to  keep  the  log  unconsumed  for 
many  years,  but  when  her  son  killed  her 
two  brothers,  she  threw  it  angrily  into  the 
fire,  where  it  was  quickly  consumed,  and 
Meleager  expired  at  the  same  time. — Ovid, 
Metaph.  viii.  4. 

The  fatal  brand  Altha?a  burned. 
Shakespeare,  2  Henry  VI.  act  i.  sc.  1  (1591). 

(Shakespeare  says  (2  Henry  IV.  act  ii. 
sc.  2),  Althaea  dreamt  "  she  was  delivered  of 
a  fire-brand."  This  is  a  mistake.  It  was 
Hecuba  who  so  dreamt.  The  story  of 
Althaea  and  the  fire-brand  is  given  above.) 

Altlie'a  ( TJie  divine),  of  Richard  Love- 
lace, was  Lucy  Sacheverell,  called  by  the 
poet,  Lucretia. 

When  lore  with  unconfincd  wings 

Hovers  within  my  gates. 
And  my  divine  Althea  brings 

To  whisper  at  my  grates.  .  .  . 

(The  "grates"  here  referred  to  were 
those  of  a  prison  in  which  Lovelace  was 
confined  by  the  Long  Parliament,  for  his 
petition  from  Kent  in  favour  of  the  king.) 

Altisido'ra,  one  of  the  duchess's 
servants,  who  pretends  to  be  in  love  with 
don  Quixote,  and  serenades  him.  The 
don  sings  his  response  that  he  has  no 
other  love  than  what  he  gives  to  his 
Dulcin'ea,  and  while  he  is  still  singing 
he  is  assailed  by  a  string  of  cats,  let  into 
the  room  by  a  rope.  As  the  knight  was 
leaving  the  mansion,  Altisidora  accused 
him  of  having  stolen  her  garters,  but 
when  the  knight  denied  the  charge,  the 
damsel  protested  that  she  said  so  in  her 
distraction,  for  her  garters  were  not  stolen. 
"I  am  like  the  man,"  she  said,  "looking 
for  his  mule  at  the  time  he  was  astride  its 
back." — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  iii. 
9,  etc. ;  iv.  5  (1615). 

Al'ton  (Miss),  alias  Miss  Clifford,  a 
sweet,  modest  young  lady,  the  companion 

of  Miss  Alscrip,  "  the  heiress,"  a  vulgar, 
conceited  parvemie.  Lord  Gayville  is 
expected  to  marry  "the  heiress,"  but 
detests  her,  and  loves  Miss  Alton,  her 
humble  companion.  It  turns  out  that 
£2000  a  year  of  "  the  heiress's  "  fortune 
belongs  to  Mr.  Clifl'ord  (Miss  Alton's 
brother),   and    is   by  him  settled    on   his 


sister.  Sir  Clement  Flint  destroys  this 
bond,  whereby  the  money  returns  to  Clif- 
ford, who  marries  lady  Emily  Gayville, 
and  sir  Clement  settles  the  same  on  his 
nephew,  lord  Gayville,  who  marries  Miss 
Alton. — General"  Burgoyne,  The  Heiress 
(1781). 

Al'ton  Locke,  tailor  and  poet,  a 
novel  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Kmgsley 
(1850).  This  novel  won  for  the  author 
the  title  of  "  The  Chartist  Clergyman." 

Alzir'do,  king  of  Trem'izen,  in  Africa, 
overthrown  by  Orlando  in  his  march  to 
join  the  allied  army  of  Ag'ramant. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Am'adis  of  Gaul,  a  love-child  of 
king  Per'ion  and  the  princess  Elize'na. 
He  is  the  hero  of  a  famous  prose  romance 
of  chivalry,  the  first  four  books  of  which 
are  attributed  to  Lobeira,  of  Portugal 
(died  1408).  These  books  were  trans- 
lated into  Spanish  in  1460  by  Montal'vo, 
who  added  the  fifth  book.  The  five  were 
rendered  into  French  by  Herberay,  who 
increased  the  series  to  twenty-four  books. 
Lastly,  Gilbert  Saunier  added  seven  more 
volumes,  and  called  the  entire  series  Le 
Roman  des  Romans. 

Whether  Amadis  was  French  or  British 
is  disputed.  Some  maintain  that  "Gaul" 
means  Wales,  not  France  ;  that  Elizena 
was  princess  of  Brittany  (Breta^ne),  and 
that  Perion  was  king  of  Gaul  (  Wales),  not 
Gaul  (France). 

Amadis  de  Gaul  was  a  tall  man,  of  a  fair  complexion, 
his  aspect  something  between  mild  and  austere,  and  had 
a  handsome  black  beard.  He  was  a  person  uf  very  (few 
words,  was  not  easily  provoked,  and  was  soon  appeased.— 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  i.  1  (1615). 

(William  Stewart  Rose  has  a  poem  iD 
three  books,  called  A>/iadis  of  Gaul.) 

As  Arthur  is  the  central  figure  of 
British  romance,  Charlemagne  of  French, 
and  Diderick  of  German,  so  Amadis  is 
the  central  figure  of  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese romance ;  but  there  is  this  difference 
' — the  tale  of  Amadis  is  a  connected  whole, 
terminating  with  his  marriage  with 
Oria'na,  the  intervening  parts  being  only 
the  obstacles  he  encountered  and  over- 
came in  obtaining  this  consummation.  In 
the  Arthurian  romances,  and  those  of  the 
Charlemagne  series,  we  have  a  number  of 
adventures  of  different  heroes,  but  there 
is  no  unity  of  purpose,  each  set  of  adven- 
tures is  complete  in  itself. 

(Southey  the  poet  has  an  admirable 
abridgment  of  Amadis  of  Gaul,  and  also 
of  Pumerin  of  England.] 

Am'adis  of  Greece,  a  rap]  lemental 
part  of  Amadis  of  Gaul,  by  Felicia'no  de 


AMAIMON. 


28 


AMARANTH. 


Silva.  There  are  also  several  other  Ama- 
dj8CS_as  Amadis  of  Colchis,  Amadis  of 
Trebisond,  Amadis  of  Cathay,  hut  all  these 
are  very  inferior  to  the  original  AnuiJts 
of  Gaul. 

The  ancient  fables,  whee  relickes  doe  yet  remain, 
namely,  Lancelot  of  the  IaiU.  rierc/orcnt.  Trutram. 
tilron  the  Courleom,  etc..  doe  beare  witness  of  this  0O0J 
raultie.  Herewith  were  men  fed  tor  the  mm  of  600 
yeeres,  until:  our  language  growing  more  polished,  and 
our  minds  more  ticklish,  thev  were  driven  to  lilTi 
novelties  wherewith  to  delight  us.  Thus  came  y  Us.kes 
of  Amadis  into  Ii«ht  nmorig  us  In  this  last  age.— lraiicis 
Jo  la  R0(M,  DUcvurtta,  87  (1587). 

Amai'mon  (3  ttyh),  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal devils.  Asmode'us  is  one  "f  his 
lieutenants.  Shakespeare  twice  refers  to 
him,  in  1  Henry  IV.  act  ii.  sc.  4,  and  in  The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  act  ii.  sc.  1. 

Amal'ahta,  son  of  Erill'yab  the 
deposed  queen  of  the  Hoanicn  (2  s.y/.),  an 
Indian  tribe  settled  on  the  south  of  the 
Missouri,  lie  is  described  as  a  brutal 
savage,  wily,  deceitful,  and  cruel.  Amal- 
ihta  wished  to  marry  the  princess  Goer*- 
vvl,  Madoc's  sister,  and  even  seized  hes 
by  force,  but  was  killed  in  his  (light. — 
S'outhey,  Madoc,  ii.  16  (1805). 

Amalthaa'a,  the  sibyl  who  offered  to 

sell  to  Tarquin  nine  1 ks  of  prophetic 

oracles.  When  the  king  refused  to  give 
her  the  price  demanded,  she  went  away, 
burnt  three  of  them,  and  returning  to  the 
king,  demanded  the  same  price  for  the 
remaining  six.  Again  the  king  declined 
the  purchase.  The  sibyl,  after  burning 
three  more  of  the  volumes,  demanded 
the  original  sum  for  the  remaining  three. 
Tarquin  paid  the  money,  and  Amaltluea 
was  never  more  seen.  Aulus  Gellins 
says  that  Amaltluea  burnt  the  hooks  in 
the  king's  presence.  Pliny  affirms,  that 
the  original  number  of  volumes  was  only 
three,  two  of  which  the  sibyl  burnt,  and 
the  third  was  purchased  by  king  Tarquin. 

Amaltlie'a,  mistress  of  Amnion  and 
mother  of  Bacchus.  Amnion  bid  bis 
mistress  in  the  island  Nysa  (in  Africa), 
in  order  to  elude  the  vigilance  and 
jealousy  of  his  wife  Rhea.  This  account 
(given  by  Diodoms  Sic'ulus,  bk.  iii., 
and  by  sir  Walter  Raleigh  in  his  History 
of  the  World,  I.  vi.  5)  differs  from  the 
ordinary  story,  which  makes  Sem'ele  the 
mother  of  Bacchus,  and  Rhea  his  nurse. 
(Amnion  is  Ham  or  Cham,  the  son  of 
Noah,  founder  of  the  African  race.) 

.  .  .  that  Nysclan  ile, 
Girt  with  the  river  Triton,  where  old  Cham 
(Whom  Gentiles  Amnion  rail,  and  Librnn  Jove) 
Hid  AmalUiea  and  her  florid  Bon, 
Young  Bacchus,  from  his  stepdame  Uhea's  eve. 

Wilton.  Variutitc  Lost,  W.  M7i  114GD). 


Amanda,  wife  of  loveless.  Lord 
Foppington  pays  her  amorous  attention?, 
but  she  utterly  despises  the  conceited 
coxcomb,  and  treats  him  with  contumely. 
Colonel  Townly,  in  order  to  pique  his 
lady-love,  also   pays  attention  to  Lore- 

H  ife.  but  she  repels  his  advances 
with  indignation,  and  I, oveless,  who  over- 
hears her,  conscious  of  his  own  short- 
comings, resolves  to  reform  his  ways,  and, 

Jung  all  other,"  to  remain  true  to 
Amanda.    "SO    long  as  they   both   should 

live. "—Sheridan,  A  In),  to  I 

Am<in'<la,  in  Thomson's  SlIUOUB,  is 
meant  for  Miss  Young,  who  married 
admiral  Campbell. 

And  thiHi.  Amanda,  come,  pride  of  mjr  song  I 
Kurnied  b»  the  tinue..  lovrliuna  ibrlf. 

"  Spring."  48".  481  (1718). 

Amanda,  the  victim  of  Peregine  Pickle's 

seduction,  hi  S  r.o\el  of  J 

1761). 

Am'ara   (Afotmf),  a  place  where  the 
<  It  their  jovsager  sons, 
to  prevent  sedition.      It   « 
paradise  enclosed  with  alabaster   rocks, 

an. I  containing  thirty-four  magniticent 
palaces.  —  lleylill,  -'/'•'  oS7). 

When  0m  Abaawn  i  .mrd. 

Mount  Ajiiara,  .      .  bj 
True  paradlie  under  the  Rtlilnp  line, 
lly  .Villi-  UM,  i-i.cl.~M  «lih  shining  rock 
A  whole  day's  JuurtM 

v  .'.  It.  SSS,  etc.  (ISSBV 

("The  Kthiop  line"  means  the  cqui- 
noetial  line.) 

Amaran'ta,  wife  of  Rar'tolus,  tho 
oovetons  lawyer.  She  was  wantonly 
loved  by  Leandro,  a  Spanish  gentleman. 
—  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Tk<  Spanish 

Am'aranth.  There  are  numerous 
species  of  this  flower;  known 

are   .ailed   jninrr'n  nttthtr  and  lure   lift 

a-blesding,  both  orimson  Mowers.  The 
bloody  amaranth  and  the  clnttSTSU  nnui- 
rmith  also  bear  red  flowers  ;  but  there  is 
a  speoies  called  the  melancholy  amaranth 

which   has  a  purple  velvety  flower.      All 

retain  their  cohmrs  pretty  well  to  the  last, 

and  the  flowers  endure  for  B  long  time. 
The  name  is  derived  frofifl  the  lireek 
word  amaranto* — !.  e.  "everlasting." 
Pliny  says  (xxi.  11)  that  the  flowers  of 
the  amaranth  recover  their  colour  by  be 
ing  sprinkled  witli  water. 

Immortal  amaranth,  a  Bower  whleh  once 

In  paradise,  last  bj  tin-  Tree  or  Life, 

Hi-Ran  to  I. loom.  .  .  .  Wiih  these  .  .  .  the  spirit*  e'eet 

Bind  their  reapleudent  look*. 

Mih. .u.  PormHM  Lost,  Ml   35,1,  etc.  (ISM) 


AMARANTH. 


29 


AM  I?  ROSE. 


Longfellow,  by  a  strange  error,  crowns  the 
an^el  of  death  with  amaranth,  with  which 
(as°  Milton  says)  "  the  spirits  elect  bind 
their  resplendent  locks,"  and  his  angel  of 
life  he  crowns  with  asphodel,  the  flower 
of  Pluto  or  the  grave. 

He  who  wore  the  crown  of  asphodels  .  .  . 
[said]  "My  errand  la  not  death,  but  life"  .  .  . 
tbut]  The  angel  with  the  amaranthine  wreath 

Whispered  a  word,  that  had  a  sound  like  death. 
Longfellow,  The  Two  A  ngel*. 

Am'aranth  (Lady),  in  Wild  Oats,  by 
oohn  O'Keefe,  a  famous  part  of  Mrs. 
Pope  (1740-1797). 

Amaril'lis,  a  shepherdess  in  love 
with  Per'igot  (t  sounded),  but  Perigot 
loved  Am'oret.  In  order  to  break  off  this 
affection,  Amarillis  induced  "the  sullen 
shepherd"  to  dip  her  in  "the  magic  well,' 
whereby  she  became  transformed  into  the 
perfect  resemblance  of  her  rival,  and  soon 
effectually  disgusted  Perigot  with  her 
bold  and  wanton  conduct.  When  after- 
wards he  met  the  true  Amoret,  he  repulsed 
her,  and  even  wounded  her  with  intent  to 
kill.  Ultimately,  the  trick  was  dis- 
covered bv  Corln,  "the  faithful  shep- 
herdess," and  Perigot  was  married  to  his 
true  love.— John  Fletcher,  The  Faithful 
Shepherd  (1610). 

Amaryllis,  in  Spenser's  pastoral 
Colin  Clout's  Come  Home  Ayain,  is  the 
countess  of  Derby.  Her  name  was  Alice, 
and  she  was  the  youngest  of  the  six 
daughters  of  sir  John  Spenser,  of  Al- 
thorpe,  ancestor  of  the  noble  houses  of 
Sponger  aud  Marlborough.  After  the 
death  of  the  earl,  the  widow  married  sir 
Thomas  Egerton,  keeper  of  the  Great 
Seal  (afterwards  baron  of  Ellesmere  and 
viscount  Brackley).  It  was  for  this  very 
lady,  during  her  widowhood,  that  Milton 
wrote  his  Ar' cades  (3  s;/L). 

No  less  praiseworthy  are  the  sisters  three, 
the  honour  of  the  noble  family 
Of  which  1  meanest  boast  mysell  to  be  . 
Phyllis,  Chan  His,  aud  sweel  Amaryllis  : 
Phyllis  the  fair  is  eldest  of  the  three, 
The  next  to  her  is  bountiful  Char) Ms, 
Rut  Amaryllis  highest  In  degree. 
Bnenser,  OoUn  Clout*  Come  Home  Again  (181)4). 

Am'asisi,  AinSsis,  or  Aah'ines  (3  syl.), 
founder  of  the  eighteenth  Egyptian 
dynasty  (B.C.  1610).  Lord  Brooke  at- 
tributes to  him  one  of  the  pyramids.  The 
thr«c  chief  pyramids  are  usually  ascribed 
to  suphis  ("or  Oheops),  Sen-Suphis  (or 
Cephrcnes),  and  Mencheres,  all  of  the 
fourth  dynasty. 

Anuria  and  Cheops  how  can  time  forgive. 
Who  in  Uieir  useless  pyramids  would  live? 

Lord  Brooke,  Psaoe, 

Amateur    {An).      Pierce    Egan   the 


younger  published  under  this  pseudonym 
iiis  Real  Life  in  London,  or  The  Rambles 
and  Adventures  of  Lob  Tally-ho,  Esq., 
and  his  Cousin,  the  Hon.  To,n  Dashall, 
through  the  Metropolis  (1821-2). 

Amaurots  (The),  a  people  whose 
kingdom  was  invaded  by  the  Dipsodes 
(2  syl.),  but  Pantag'ruel,  coining  to  their 
defence,  utterly  routed  the  invaders. — 
Rabelais,  Pantayruel,  ii.  (1533). 

Ama'via,  the  personification  of  In- 
temperance in  grief.  Hearing  that  her 
husband,  sir  Mordant,  had  been  enticed 
to  the  Bower  of  Bliss  by  the  enchantress 
Acra'sia,  she  went  in  quest  of  him,  and 
found  him  so  changed  in  mind  and  body 
she  could  scarcely  recognize  him  ;  how- 
ever, she  managed  by  tact  to  bring  him 
away,  but  he  died  on  the  road,  and 
Ainavia  stabbed  herself  from  excessive 
grief.— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  1 
(1590). 

Amazo'na,  a  fairy,  who  freed  a 
certain  country  from  the  Ogri  and  tho 
Blue  Centaur."  When  she  sounded  her 
trumpet,  the  sick  were  recovered  and  be- 
came both  young  and  strong.  She  gave 
the  princess"  Carpil'lona  a  bunch  of  gilh- 
rlowers,  which  enabled  her  to  pass  un- 
recognized before  those  who  knew  her 
well.— Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairv  Tales 
("The  Princess  Carpillona,"  1682). 

Amazo'nian  Chin,  a  beardless  chin, 
like  that  of  the  Amazonian  women. 
Especially  applied  to  a  beardless  young 
soldier. 

When  with  his  Amazonian  chin  he  drove 
The  bristled  lips  before  him. 

Shakespeare.  Coriohuiui.  act  II.  sc  2  (1609). 

Ambassadors  at  foreign  courts. 
Legatus  est  vir  bonus  peregre  missus  ad  mentiendura 
reipublica)  causa.— Sir  Henry  Wotton  (ltilD). 

Amber,  said  to  be  a  concretion  of 
birds' tears,  hut  the  hirda  were  the  sisters  of 

Melea'gor,  called  Mcleag'ridos,  who  never 

ceased  weepingfor  their  dead  brother. — 

Pliny,  Natural  History,  x*x\ii.  •_',  11. 

Around  thee  shall  glisten  tin-  low  lie -t  amber, 

That  ever  the  sorrowing  sea-birds  have  wept. 

T.   Moore,  ftr+Wonkippf. 

Ambrose  (2  syl.),  a  sharper,  who 
assumed  in  the  presence  of  Gil  Bias  the 
character  of  a  devotee.  He  was  in  league 
with  a  fellow  who  assumed  the  name  of 
don  Raphael,  and  B  young  woman  who 
called  herself  Camilla,  cousin  of  denna 
Mencia,  These  three  sharpers  allure  (jtl 
Bias  to  a  house  which  Camilla  saya  is  h,ers, 
fleece  him  of  his  ring,  his  poitoanteauj 
and  his  money,  decamp,  and  leave  him  tc 


AMBROSE. 


30 


AMERICA. 


find  out  that  the  house  is  only  a  hired 
lodging. — Lesage,  Oil  Bias,  i.  15,  16 
(1715). 

(This  incident  is  borrowed  from  Es- 
oinel's  romance  entitled  Vida  de  Escudero, 
marcos  de  Obregon,  1618.) 

Am'brose  (2  syl.),  a  male  domestic  ser- 
vant waiting  on  Miss  Seraphine  and 
Miss  Angelica  Arthurct. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redyauntlet  (time,  George  II.). 

Ambrose  (Brother),  a  monk,  who  at- 
tended the  prior  Aymer,  of  Jorvaulx 
Abbey. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  1.). 

Am'brosius  (Father)  abbot  of  Kenna- 
quhair,  is  Edward  Glendinning,  brother  of 
sir  Halbert  Glendinning  (the  knight  of 
Avenel).  He  appears  at  Kinross,  dis- 
guised as  a  nobleman's  retainer. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Aobot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Ame'lia,  a  model  of  conjugal  affec- 
tion, in  Fielding's  novel  BO  called.  It  is 
said  that  the  character  was  modelled 
from  his  own  wife.  Dr.  Johnson  read 
this  novel  from  beginning  to  end  without 
once  stopping. 

Amelia  is  perhaps  the  only  hook  of  which,  being 
printed  off  betimes  one  morning,  a  new  adttloD  »:us 
called  for  before  night.  T)ie  character  if  Amelia  is  the 
most  pleasing  heroine  of  ail  the  romances.— Dr.  Johnson. 

Ame'lia,  in  Thomson's  Seasons,  a  beauti- 
ful, innocent  young  woman,  overtaken  by 
a  storm  while  walking  with  her  troth- 
plight  lover,  Cel'adon,  "with equal  virtue 

formed,  and  equal  grace.  Hers  the 
mild  lustre  of  the  blooming  morn,  and 
his  the  radiance  of  the  risen  day." 
Amelia  grew  frightened,  but  Celadon 
Baid,  "  'Tis  safety  to  be  near  thee,  sure  ;  " 
when  a  flash  of  lightning  struck  her 
dead  in  his  arms. — "  Summer"  (1727). 

Ame'lia,  in  Schiller's  tragedy  of    The 

Robbers. 

Or  they  will  learn  how  generous  worth  sublimes 
The  robber  Moor,  and  ple:ui>  f->r  all  hfa  crimes; 
How  poor  Amelia  ki.ss<-<l  with  man)  a  tear 
His  band,  blood-stained,  but  ever,  star  dear. 

Campbell,  J'leaaurcs  of  Hope,  II.  (1799). 

Amelot  (2  syl.),  the  page  of  sir  Da- 
mian  de  Lacy. — Sir  AY.  Scott,  The  Be- 
trot/tcd  (time,  Henry  II.). 

America.  Names  of  cities  and  States 
in  the  United  States,  whence  derived: — 

Alabama,  an  Indian  word,  meaning 
"Here  we  rest."  It  was  the  exclamation 
of  an  Indian  chief,  and  alluded  to  its 
well-stocked  hunting-grounds. 

Annap'olis  (Maryland),  so  named  from 
queen  Anne,  in  whose  reign  it  was  con- 
stituted the  scat  of  local  government. 


Asto'ria  (Oregon),  so  called  from  Mr. 
Astor,  merchant,  of  New  York,  who 
founded  here  a  fur-trading  station  in 
1811.  The  adventure  of  this  merchant 
forms  the  subject  of  Washington  Irving'a 
Astoria. 

Bal'timore  (3  syl.),  in  Maryland,  is  so 
called  from  lord  Baltimore,  who  led  a 
colony  to  that  state  in  1634. 

Boston  (Massachusetts),  so  called  from 
Boston  in  Lincolnshire,  whence  many  of 
the  original  founders  emigrated. 

Carolina  (North  and  South),  named  ir 
compliment  to  Carolus  II.  (Charles  II.), 
who  granted  the  whole  country  to  eight 
needy  courtiers. 

Carson  Cit>/  (Oregon),  commemorates 
the  name  of  Kit  Carson,  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain trapper  and  guide,  who  died  in  1871. 

Charleston  (South  Carolina),  founded 

in  1070,  and  named  after  Charles  1  I. 

Delaware  (3  syl.)  is  the  name  of  an 
Indian  tribe  with  whom  William  l'enn 
chiefly  negociated. 

/*  rttia,  discovered  by  the  Spaniard? 
on  Palm  Sunday,  and  thence  called 
\Pasq\ta~\  Florida, 

named  in  honour  of  George 
II.,  in  whose  reign  the  first  settlement 
there  was  made. 

Harrisburg  (Pennsylvania),  named 
from  Mr.  Harris,  by  whom  it  was  first 
settled  in  1733,  under  a  grant  from  the 
l'enn  family. 

Indiana,  so  named  from  the  number  of 
Indians  which  dwelt  there  (1801). 

Louisiana,  so  named  by  M.  de  la  Sale 
(1682),  in  honour  of  Louis  XIV.  of 
France. 

Mains,  so  called  (1688)  from  the  French 
province  of  the  same  name. 

Maryland^  so  named  by  lord  Baltimore 
(1633),     in     compliment     to     Henrietta- 
Maria,  the  wife  oi  Charles  I.  of  England. 
■■la,    so    called     from    the    Sierra 
Nevada  mountain-chain. 

Neva  Hampshire,  previously  called    La- 

conia.    It  received  its  present  name  from 

J.  Mason,  governor  of  Hampshire,  to 
whom  it  was  conceded  in  1629, 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honour  of  sir 
G.  Carteret,  who  had  defended  Jersey 
against  the  parliamentary  forces  in  1664. 
York,  previously  called  Nets  Am* 
sterdam.  It  received  its  present  name 
(1664)  in  compliment  to  .lames  duke  cf 
York  (afterwards  .lames  II.), 

Pennsylvania  ("  the  l'enn  Forest  "),  so 
called  from  William  l'enn,  who,  in  1681, 
gave  to  the  state  its  constitution, 

Texas  (i.e.  "the  place  of  pro-tcction "), 


AMERICA. 


81 


AMIDAS. 


bo  called  in  1817,  because  general  Lalle- 
mant  gave  there  "protection"  to  a  colony 
of  French  refugees. 

Vermont  (i.e.  "Verts  Monts"),  so  called 
from  the  Green  Mountains,  which  traverse 
the  state. 

Viri/inia,  so  called  (1584)  by  sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  in  compliment  to  Elizabeth, 
"Hie  virgin  queen." 

*,*  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky, 
Michigan  ("a  lake"),  Minnesota  ("laugh- 
ing waters"),  Mississippi  ("  sea  of 
waters"),  Missouri,  Nebraska,  Ohio,  Ore- 
gon, and  Wisconsin,  are  names  of  rivers. 

America.  Nicknames  of  the  United 
Btates'  inhabitants  : — Alabama,  lizards  ; 
Arkati'sas,  tooth-picks  ;  California,  gold- 
hunters  ;  Colora'do,  rovers  ;  Connec'ticut, 
wooden  nutmegs  ;  Del' aware,  musk-rats  ; 
Flor'ida,  fly-up-the-creeks ;  Geor'gia, 
buzzards;  Illinois,  suckers;  Indiana, 
hoosiers ;  Iowa,  hawk-eyes ;  Kansas, 
jay-hawkers  ;  Kentucky,  corn-crackers ; 
Louisiana,  Creoles ;  Maine,  foxes  ; 
Maryland,  craw-thumpers;  Mich'igan, 
wolverines  ;  Minnesot'a,  gophers  ;  Mis- 
sissip'pi,  tadpoles;  Missou'ri,  pukes; 
Nebras'ka,  bug-eaters ;  Neva' da,  sage 
hens ;  New  Hampshire,  granite  boys  ; 
New  Jersey,  blues  or  clam-catchers ; 
New  York,  knickerbockers;  North  Caro- 
lina, tar-boilers  and  tuckoes ;  Ohio, 
buck-eyes  ;  Or'eyon,  web-feet  and  hard- 
cases  ;  Pennsylvania,  Pennanites  and 
leather-heads  ;  Rhode  Island,  gun-flints  ; 
South  Caroli'na,  weasels  ;  Tennesset ', 
whelps;  Texas,  beef -heads ;  Vermont, 
(Jreen  Mountain  boys;  Virgin'ia,  beadies; 
Wisconsin,  badgers. 

Amethyst  is  said  to  dispel  drunken- 
ness. 

Ameu'ti,  the  heaven  of  Egyptian 
mythology. 

Open  Mm  cite  of  henven  .  .  .  open  the  gnt<»  of  t lie 
•tnrry  region  ;   open  tti«-  gmte  of  laaeatil—JntoHptbm 

•ii  the  mumm.v  tptmti  by  I'clligrcui,  in  1836. 

Am'giad,  son  of  Camaralzaman  and 
Badoura,  and  half-brother  of  Assad  (son 
of  Camaralzaman  and  Haiatal'nefous). 
Each  of  the  two  mothers  conceived  a  base 
passion  for  the  other's  sen,  and  when  the 
young  princes  revolted  at  their  advances, 
accused  them  to  their  lather  of  designs 
upon  tr/sir  honour.  Camaralzaman  or- 
dered his  emir  Giondar  to  put  them  both 

tn  deutli,  hut  as  the  young  men  had  saved 
him  from  a  lion  lie  laid  no  hand  on  them, 
but  told  them  not  to  return  to  their 
father's  dominions.  They  wandered  on 
for  a  time,   and    then  parted,    but    both 


reached  the  same  place,  which  was  a  city 
of  the  Magi.  Here  by  a  strange  ad- 
venture Amgiad  was  made  vizier,  while 
Assad  was  thrown  into  a  dungeon,  where 
he  was  designed  as  a  sacrifice  to  the  fire- 
god.  Bosta'na,  a  daughter  of  the  old 
man  who  imprisoned  Assad,  n 
him,  ami  Amgiad  out  of  gratitude  made 
her  bis  wife.  After  which  the  kin^,  wht 
was  greatly  advanced  in  years,  appointed 
him  his  successor,  and  Amgiad  used  his 
best  efforts  to  abolish  the  worship  cf  lire 
and  establish  "the  true  faith." — Atabum 
Ni/hts  ("  Amgiad  and  Assad  "). 

Amhara,  the  kingdom  in  whuh  was 

the  "  happy  valley,"  where  the  Abys- 
sinian  princes  were  doomed  to  live.  The 
valley  was  encompassed  by  mountains, 
and  had  but  one  entrance,  which  was 
under  a  cavern,  concealed  by  woods  and 
closed  bv  iron  gates. — Dr.  Johnson, 
Rasselas  (1759). 

Am'ias,  a  squire  of  low  degree,  be- 
loved by  /Emilia.  They  agreed  to  meet 
at  a  given  spot,  but  on  thoir  way  thither 
both  were  taken  captives — Amias  by 
Cortlambo,  and  /Emilia  by  a  man 
monster.  /Emilia  was  released  by  Bel- 
plmbe  (3  syl.),  who  slew  "  the  caitiff  ;  " 
and  Amias  by  prince  Arthur,  who  slew 
Corflambo.  The  two  lovers  were  then 
brought  together  by  the  prince  ••  iii 
and  settled  rest." — Spenser,  Faery  . 
iv.  7,  9  (1596). 

Ani'idas,    the    younger    brother    of 
Brac'idas,  sons  of  nile'sio;    the  former 

in  love  with  the  dov. ericas  Lucy,  and  the 
latter  with  the  wealthy  I'hi'ltr.-:. 
two  brothers  had  each  an  island  of  equal 
si/.e  and  value  left  them  by  their  father, 
but  the  sea  daily  added  to  the  island  of  the 
younger  brother,  and  enroached  on  that 
belonging  to    Bracidas.     When    Philtra 

saw  that  the  property  of  Amidas  was 
daily  increasing,  she  forsook  the  elder 
brother  and  married   the  wealthier;  while 

Lucy,  seeing  herself  jilted,  threw  herself 

into  the  sea.  A  floating  clie-t  attracted 
her  attention,  she  clung  to  it,  and  was 
drifted  to  the  wasted  island.  It  was 
found  to  contain  great  riches,  and  Lucy 
gave  its  content-  and  herself  to  Lracidas. 
Amidas  claimed  the  chest  as  his  own  bv 
right,  and  the  question  in  dispute  was  sub- 
mitted to  sir  AVtegal.  The  wise 
decided,  that  whereas  Amidas  claimed  SI 
his   own   all    the    additions   given    to   his 

island  by  the  Bea,  Lucy  might  c'aim  as 
her  own   the   chfr.st.  because   the  bea  had 


AMIEL. 


32 


AMMONIAS  HORN. 


given  it  to  her. — Spenser,  Faery   Queen, 
v.  4  (159G). 

Am'iel,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitopftel,  is  meant  for  s'r  Edward 
Seymour,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.— (2  «s'''//z.  xxiii.  84.) 

Who  can  Amii-I'a  praise  reftuef 
Of  indent  rata  bf  birth,  bul  ooMaryat 

In  lii»  own  worth,  and  without  tnl>-  irreat. 
The  sanhedrim  Ions  tuna  at  chief  he  mlad, 
Their  reason  guided,  and  tlieir  passion 

rartL 

A'mill  (Prince),  son  of  the  caliph 
Haroun-al-Kaschid  ;  he  maried  Am'ine, 
Bister  of  Zobeide  (8  syl.),  the  caliph's 
wife. — Arabian  Ntghtv  Entertammenti 
('•The  History  of  Amine"). 

Ami'na,  an  orphan,  who  walked  in 
her  sleep.  She  was  betrothed  to  Klvi'no, 
a  rich  fanner,  but  being  found  the  night 
before  the  wedding  in  the  chamber  of 
count  Rodolpho,  Elvino  looked  upon  bet 
as  a  harlot.  The  count  remonstrated 
with  the  young  farmer,  and  while  they 
were  talking,  the  orphan  was  seen  to  get 
out  of  a  window  and  walk  along  the  nar- 
row edge  of  a  mill-roof  while  tin 
wheel  was  rapidly  revolving  ;  she  then 
crossed  a  crazy  old  bridge,  and  eame  into 
the  same  chamber.  Here  she  awoke,  and, 
seeing  Elvino,  threw  her  arms  around 
him  so  lovingly,  that  al!  his  doubts 
vanished,  and  he  married  her. — llclliui, 
La  Sonnambula  (an  open,  L881). 

Am'ine  (3  syl.),  half-sister  of  Zo- 
bei'de  (3  syl.),  and  wile  of  Aniin,  the 
caliph's  son.  One  day  she  went  to  pur- 
chase a  robe,  and  the  seller  told  her  he 
would  charge  nothing  if  she  would  suffer 
him  to  kiss  her  cheek.  Instead  of  kis- 
sing he  bit  it,  and  Amine,  being  asked  by 
her  husband  how  she  came  by  the  wound, 
so  shuffled  in  her  answers  that  he  com- 
manded her  to  be  put  to  death,  a 
sentence  he  afterwards  commuted  to 
scourging.  One  day  she  and  her  sister 
told  the  stories  of  their  lives  to  the  caliph 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  when  Amin  became 
reconciled  to  his  wife,  and  the  caliph 
married  her  half-sister. — Arabian  A 
Entertainments  ("History  of  Zobeide 
and  History  of  Amine  "). 

Am'ine  (•'}  syl.)  or  Arn'ines  (3 
syl.),  the  beautiful  wife  of  Sidi  Nounian. 
Instead  of  eating  her  rice  with  a  spoon, 
she  used  a  bodkin  for  the  purpose,  and 
carried  it  to  her  mouth  in  infinitesimal 
portions.  This  went  on  for  some  time, 
till  Sidi  Nouman  determined  to  ascertain 
en  what  his  wife  really  fed,  and  to  his 


horror  discovered  that  she  was  a  ghoul, 
who  went  stealthily  by  night  to  the 
ry,  and  feasted  on  the  fresh-buried 
dead. — Arabian  Xij/tts  ('"History  of  Sidi 
Nouman  "). 

One  of  the  Amines'  tort,  who  pick  up  their  grains  of 
food  with  a  bodkin.— O.  W.  Holme*.  Autocrat  a/  Vf 
Brtakfait-Tabl*. 

Amin'tor,  a  young  nobleman,  the 
troth-plight  husband  of  Aspatia,  but  by 
the  king's  command  he  marries  Evad'ne 
(3  syl.).  This  is  the  great  event  of  the 
tragedy  of  which  Annntor  is  the  hero. 
The   sad  story  of    Kvadne,   the  heroine, 

fives  name  to  the  play. — Beaumont  and 
letchi  r.  I  10). 

(Till  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  the  kings 
of   England    claimed    the   feudal   r: 

disposing  in  marriage  any  one  irhc 

them  feudal  allegiance.  In  All's  Will 
thai  Endt  Well,  Shakespeare  makes  the 
king  of  France  exercise  a  similar  right, 
when  he  commands  Bertram]  count  of 
Rousillon,  to  marry  against  his  will  Bel'- 
m's  daughter.) 

Amis  the  Priest,  the  hero  of  a  comic 
German  cpie  of  the  1. 1th  century,  repre- 
sented as  an  Englishman,  a  man  of  great 
wit  and  humour,  but  Ignorant  and  hypo- 
eritieal.  Hi-  popularity  exettoa  tto-  i  ii- 
vv  of  til''  superior  clergy,  who  -eek  t>.  do- 
pose  him  from  the  priesthood  by  making 
Iinblic  exposition  of  his  ignoranoi 
»y  his  qaioknesa  at  repartee  be  always 

i  urn  the  Ian  I  them. 

Ascribed  to  Strieker  of  Austria. 

Am'let  (Richard),  the  gamester  in 
Vanbrugh'a  /   (161*5).     He  is 

usually  called  "  Hick." 

I  uw  Mlw  Pope  for  the  mund  time.  In  the  year  1790, 
in  i\ir  iliaiailai  "'  "FHppaota."  Ma  I'aimer  l«-ing 
"Dkk  Anilet."  and  Mrs.  Jordan  "Corinna." — Jantea 
Sinlth. 

Mr$,  A  inlet,  ft  rich,  vulgai  b 
woman,  mother  of  Did,  "f  whom  she  is 
very  proud,  although  she  calls  him  I 
scapegrace,"  and  swears  "he  will  l>o 
:."  At  last  she  settles  oil  him 
£10,000,  and  he  marries  Corinna, 
daughter  of  (in[>c  the  rich  scrivener. 

Ammo'nian  Horn (  Ttic),  the  cornu- 
copia. Ammon  kin:;  i  gave 
to  his  mistress  Amalthe'a  (mother  of 
Bacchus)  a  tract  of  land  resembling  a 
ram's  honi  in  shape,  and  hence  called  the 
"  Ammonian horn "  (from  the  giver),  the 

the'an  bom  "  (from  the  rect 
and  the  "  lli^fi-rian  horn  "  (from  its  local- 
ity).    Almathea  also  personifies  fertility. 


AMMON'S  SON. 


33 


AMPHITRYON. 


(Ammon  is  Ham,  son  of  Noah,  founder  of 
the  African  race.)     (See  Ajulthea.) 

I  Here]  Amalthca  pours, 
Well  pleaaed,  the  wealth  of  that  Aiumonlan  hom. 
llci  Uower. 

Akcnslde,  Hymn  to  the  Naiadt. 

Am'mon'g  Son.  Alexander  the 
Great  called  himself  the  son  of  the  god 
Ammon,  but  others  call  him  the  son  of 
Philip  of  Macedon. 

Of  food  I  tlilnk  with  Philip's  son,  or  rather 
Amnion's  (ill  pleased  with  one  world  and  one  father). 
Byron,  Don  Juan.  v.  31 

(Alluding  to  the  tale  that  when  Alex- 
ander had  conquered  the  whole  world,  he 
wept  that  there  was  no  other  world  to 
conquer.) 

A'mon's  Son  is  Rinaldo,  eldest 
son  of  Anion  or  Aymon  marquis  d'Este, 
and  nephew  of  Charlemagne. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Amoret'ta  or  Am'oret,  twin-born 
with  Belphoebe  (3  syl.),  their  mother 
being  Chrysog'one  (4  syl.).  While  the 
mother  and  her  two  babes  were  asleep, 
Diana  took  one  (Belphoebe)  to  bring  up, 
and  Venus  the  other.  Venus  committed 
Amorotta  to  the  charge  of  Psyche 
(2  syl.),  and  Psyche  tended  her  as  lovingly 
as  she  tended  her  own  daughter  Pleasure, 
"to  whom  she  became  the  companion." 
When  grown  to  marriageable  estate, 
Amoretta  was  brought  to  Fairyland,  and 
wounded  many  a  heart,  but  gave  her  own 
only  to  sir  Scudamore  (bk.  iii.  (5).  Being 
seized  by  Bu'sirane,  an  enchanter,  she  was 
kept  in  durance  by  him  because  she  would 
not  "her  true  love  deny  ;  "  but  Britomart 
delivered  her  and  bound  the  enchanter 
(bk.  iii.  11,  12),  after  which  she  became 
the  tender,  loving  wife  of  sir  Scudamore. 

Avioret  is  the  type  of  female  loveliness 
and  wifely  affection,  soft,  warm,  chaste, 
gentle,  and  ardent ;  not  sensual  nor  yet 
platonic,  but  that  living,  breathing, 
warm-hearted  love  which  tits  woman  for 
the  fond  mother  and  faithful  wife. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  (1590). 

Am'oret,  a  modest,  faithful  shep- 
herdess, who  plighted  her  troth  to  Pcr'igot 
(t  sounded)  at  the  "Virtuous  Well." 
The  wanton  shepherdess  Amarillis.  having 
by  enchantment  assumed  her  appearance 
and  dress,  so  disgusted  Pcrigot  with  her 
bold  ways,  that  he  lost  his  love  for  the  true 
Amoret,  repulsed  her  with  indignation, 
nnd  tried  to  kill  her.  The  deception  was 
revealed  Dy  Cor'in,  "the  faithful  shep- 
herdess," and  the  lovers  being  reconciled, 
were  happily  married. — John  Fletcher, 
'lie  Faititjul  Shepherdess  (before  Kill). 


Amour'y  (Sir  Giles),  the  Grand- 
Master  of  the  Knights  Templars,  who 
conspires  with  the  marquis  of  Bfont- 
serrat  against  Richard  I.  Saladin  cuts  oil 
the  Templar's  head  while  in  the  act  of 
drinking. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Am'perzand,  a  corruption  of  And-as- 
and,  i.e.  "  ifc-as-and."  The  symbol  is  the 
old  Italian  monogram  et  ("and"),  made 
thus  6°,  in  which  the  tirst  part  is  the  letter 
e  and  the  flourish  at  the  end  the  letter  t. 

State  epistles,  so  dull  and  so  grand. 
Mustn't  contain  the  shortened  "  and.* 

O  my  nice  litUe  amperzand  ! 

Nothing  that  Cadmus  ever  planned 

Equals  my  elegant  amperzand. 

Quoted  in  Jiotet  aiulyueric$  (May  3,  1S77, 

(Cadmus  invented  the  original  Greets 
alphabet.) 

Am'phibal  (St.),  confessor  of  St. 
Alban  of  Verulam.  When  Maximia'nug 
Herculius,  general  of  Diocle'tian's  army 
in  Britain,  pulled  down  the  Christian 
churches,  burnt  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and 
put  to  death  the  Christians  with  unflagging 
zeal,  Alban  hid  his  confessor,  and  ottered 
to  die  for  him. 

A  thousand  other  saints  whom  Amphibal  had  taught  .  .  . 
Were  slain  where  Lichfield  U,  whose  name  doth  rightly 

sound 
(There  of  those  Christians  slain),  "  Dead-Held  "  or  burylng- 

ground. 

Drayton,  Potyolbion,  xxir.  (163S). 

Amphi'on  is  said  to  have  built 
Thebes  by  the  music  of  his  lute.  Tenny- 
son has  a  poem  called  Amphion,  a  skit 
and  rhyming  jeu  <T esprit. 

Amphion  there  the  loud  treating  lyre 
Strikes,  and  behold  a  Midden  Thebes  aspire. 

Pope,  Temfl*  of  lam*. 

Amphis-baena,  a  reptile  which  could 
go  head  foremost  either  way,  because  it 
had  a  head  at  each  extremity.  Milton 
uses  the  word  in  Paradise  Lost,  x.  .'■'.'  1. 
(Greek,  ampi  baino,  "  I  go  both  ways.") 

The  amphls-lnena  doubij  armed  ap|>ears. 
At  either  end  a  threatening  bead  she  rears. 

Kowe,  J'hartalia.  lx.  tilXi,  eU:.  thy  Lucan). 

Amphitryon,  a  Theban  general, 
husband  of  Alcme'ne  (3  syl.).  While 
Amphitryon  was  absent  at  war  with 
Pter'elas  king  of  the  Tel'eboans,  Jupiter 
assumed  his  form,  and  visited  Akinen', 
who  in  due  time  became  the  mother 
of  Iler'cules.  Next  day  Amphitryon  re- 
turned, having  slain  Pterelas,  and  AJcmenfi 

was  surprised  to  see  him  so  soon  again. 
Here  a  great  entanglement  arose,  Alc- 
mene  telling  her  husband  he  visited  her 
last  night,  and  showing  him  the  ring  he 
gave  her,  and  Aniphitrvon  declaring  he 
was  with    the  arniv.     Thin  confusion   is 


AMREET. 


34 


ANACHRONISM-. 


■till  further  increased  by  his  slave  Sos'iai 
who  went  to  take  to  Alenienc  the  news  of 
victory,  but  was  stopped  at  the  door  of 
the  house  by  Mercury,  who  bad  assumed 
for  the  nonce  Sosia's  form,  and  the  slave 
could  not  make  out  whether  he  was 
himself  or  not.  This  plot  has  been  made 
a  comedy  by  ITautus,  Molicrc,  and 
Dryden. 

The  scenes  which  Plautut  drew,  to-night  we  show, 
Touched  by  Molicre.  hy  Dryden  taught  t"  glow, 

J^roloyue  to  UawkawortKt  version. 

As  iin  Amphitryon  cA.i  qui  Ton  ditif.  DO  nnr  kn,.w« 
belter  than  Oulda  the  uses  of  it  recAercAe' dinner. — K.  Yates. 
CultbrUtm,  xtx. 

"Amphitryon" :  Le  veritable  Amphi- 
tryon est  r Amphitryon  oit  I'mi  date  ("The 
master  of  the  feast  is  the  master  of  the 
f...ose").  While  thi'  confusion  ^a*  at  it* 
height  between  the  false  and  true  Amphi- 
tryon, Bode  [Soaia]  theslavi 
to  decide  which  was  which,  and  replied — 

Je  ne  me  trampoll  |MMi  messieurs;  cc  mut  tcruiine 
Tout*  I'irreaolutlor  ; 

1  I  ii  riLil.l.-  Amphitryon 

tit  rAin|l.ilr>"i'  ""  i'otl  dine. 

Moliere.  Au.yhUryon,  HI.  S  (1M8). 
DassOsthaBd  an  I  Cicero 

Are  doubtiea  stately  name*  to  hear. 
Rut  that  of  good  Amphitryon 
Sounds  f.ir  mora  plausUll  ti>  my  ear. 

M.  A    I  I  18J7). 

Amree't,  the  drink  which  imparts 
immortality,  or  the  Water  of  Immortality. 
It  is  obtained  by  churning  the  sea,  either 
with  the  mountain  Memo  >>r  with  the 
mountain  Mandar. — Mahabharat. 

"  Rrlni!  forth  tho  Atnr.  i  t.i  i-  p  I  "  h.l.ania  cried 

To  Yaireri.  rising  stern 

"It  Is  within  the  lu.irhlc  sepulchre."  .  .  . 

"Take!  drink  !  "  with  accentsdread  the  spectre  mid. 

"  For  Uioc  and  Killed  bath  it  twen  assigned. 

Ye  only  id  the  nldwL" 

Soulhey.  Vurte  u/  Jirhama.  xxlv.  13  (1809). 

Ani'ri,  in  Absalom  and  Aehitopkel, 
by  Dryden  ;hh1  Tate,  it  Hrmnagfi  Finch, 
earl  of  Nottingham  and  lord  chancellor. 
He  is  called  "The  Father  ol  Equity" 
(1621-1682). 

To  ubnai  the  doobla  Idessinu  did  belong, 
WlUi  Moses  in  |  .lallon.  Aaron's  tongue. 

Tart  1L 

Amun'deville  (Lord  Henry),  one  of 
the  "  British  privy  council."  After  the 
sessions  of  parliament  he  retired  to  his 
country  seat,  where  he  entertained  a  select 
and  numerous  party,  amongst  which  were 
the  duchess  of  Fitz-Fulke,  Aurora  Raby, 
and  don  Juan  "  the  Russian  envoy. 
His  wife  was  lady  Adeline.  (Tlis  character 
is  given  in  xiv.70,71.)— Byron,  Z>on  Juan, 
xiii.  td  end. 

Am'urath  III.  sixth  emperor  nf  the 
Turks.    He  Succeeded  his  lather,  Seliui  II., 

and  reigned  1674-1696.  His  iir.-t  act  was 
to  invite  all  his  brothers  to  a  banquet,  and 


Henry  IV.  alludes  to  this 


strangle  them, 
when  he  sa; 

This  Is  the  English,  not  the  Turkish  court ; 
Not  Amurath  an  Aniurath  succeeds. 
But  Harry.  Harry. 

Shakespeare,  i  Utnry  iT.asstt  se.  J  (ltW). 

Amusements    of    Kings.      The 

freat  amnaameol  of  Aritas   of   Arabia 
orrying  hosaes;  of  AH 
lis,  was  mole-catching ;  of  Douutian 
of  Ron  bingfliea;  of  t'erjiman-l 

l  //.  of  Spain,  was  embroidering  petti- 

XVI.    clock    and    lock 

making;    of    Oeonje    IV.    the    BJUM    of 

patu 

Amyn'tOS,   in     Colin    Clout's     Come 
Home  Again,  by   9  linand* 

carl  of  Darby,  whi 

Amyntas.  (lower  of  shepherd  • 
He.  whilst  he  llred,  was  tlie  iiuldeal  swain 
Th.il  ■  i    »tcn  quill. 

Suenser.  MM  Otessfl  Cortu  II  mt  A  fain  USUI. 

Amyn'tor.    (Sea  Asuaroa.) 

A'mys  and  Amyl'ion, 
and    Pythias  "f  medieval  romance. — Seo 

I 

Anab'asis,    the    expedition    of    ihe 
younger  Cyi  I  his  broth  i 

.     and     the     retreat     of     bi- 
•   ril>cd    by 
ophon  tin-  Greak  biatoriaa. 

•  in  writing  this 
Hail  In  l,i.  i, .ii,. I  th    Ai.aloaU. 
Longfellow.  1  k*  n  j».iJ«  Inn  tan  Interlude). 

Anacharsis  [Clootzl.    Baroa  Jean 
Baptist  I 

Anacharsis,  from  the  Scythian  so  called, 
who  travelled  about  Greece  and  uiher 
countries  to  gather  ki  id  bn- 

prove  hii  own  countrymen.     The  baroa 

that  his 
own  object  in  life  was  like  that  it 
charsis  (lTo.'i    1794). 

Anachronisms.  tsa.) 

CHAl  •  ii:,  in  hia  tale  of   Trvilus,  at  the 
y,    makes   l'andftrus   ri  1«  r   to 
liwin  I 

And  to  hlmvlfc  ful  soberly  he  saled. 

r  ruiu  luucllwood  Uiere  jolly  Itobui  |.laled. 

u  ii  Kit,  in    Christ's    Victor   , 
pt.    ii.    mak 

■  •  . 
and  telling  \ 
Lodg 

dermo "    and    ••  St.    Paul's 
steeple,"  and  intr,  I  i  hmen  who 

"  for  forty  crowns  "  undertake  to  poisoa 
he  Roman  consul 


ANACHRONISMS. 


3ft 


ANAGRAMS. 


Mokc.lay  makes  Dido  tell  iF.neas  that 
ihe  should  have  been  contented  with  a 
son,  even  "  if  he  had  been  a  cockney 
dandiprat"  (1582). 

Schiller,  in  his  Piccolomini,  speaks 
of  lightning  conductors.  This  was  about 
150  years  before  they  were  invented. 

Shakespeare,  in  his  Coriolanus  (act  ii. 
bc.  1),  makes  Menenius  refer  to  Galen  above 
600  years  before  he  was  born. 

Cominius  alludes  to  Roman  plays,  but 
Dv  such  things  were  known  for  250  years 
afier  the  death  of  Cominius. — Coriolanus, 
tct  ii.  sc.  2. 

Brutus  refers  to  the  "  Marcian  waters 
brought  to  Rome  by  Censorinus."  This 
irao  not  done  till  300  years  afterwards. 

In  Hamlet,  the  prince  Hamlet  was 
educated  at  Wittembery  School,  which  was 
not  founded  till  1502 ;  whereas  Saxo- 
Ccrmanicus,  from  whom  Shakespeare  bor- 
rowed the  tale,  died  in  1204.  Hamlet 
was  30  years  old  when  his  mother  talks 
of  hia  going  back  to  school  (act  i.  sc.  2). 

In  1  Henry  1 V.  the  carrier  complains 
that  "  the  turkeys  in  his  pannier  are  quite 
etarved"  (act  ii.  sc.  5),  whereas  turkeys 
came  from  America,  and  the  New  World 
was  not  even  discovered  for  a  century 
after.  Again  in  Henry  V.  Gower  is  made 
to  say  to  Fluellen,  "  Here  comes  Pistol, 
swelling  like  a  turkey-cock  '*  (act  v.  sc.  1). 

In  Jtdius  Csesar,  Brutus  says  to 
Cassius,  "  Peace,  count  the  clock."  To 
which  Cassius  replies,  "  The  clock  has 
stricken  three."  Clocks  were  not  known 
to  the  Romans,  and  striking-clocks  were 
not  invented  till  some  1400  years  after 
the  death  of  Caesar. 

Virgil  places  JEneas  in  the  port 
Vollnus,  which  was  made  by  Curius 
Dentatus. 

This  list  with  very  little  trouble 
might  be  greatly  multiplied.  Thohotbod 
of  anachronisms  is  mediaaval  romance ; 
there  nations,  times,  and  places  are  most 
recklessly  disregarded.  This  may  be 
instanced  by  a  few  examplos  from 
Ariosto's  great  poem   Orlando  Furioso. 

Hero  we  have  Charlemagne  and  his 
paladins  joined  by  Edward  king  of 
England,  Richard  earl  of  Warwick,  Hen- 
ry duke  of  Clarence,  and  the  dukes  of 
York  and  Gloucester  (bk.  vi.).  We  have 
eannons  employed  by  Cymosco  king  of 
Friza  (bk.  iv.),  and  also  in  the  siege  of 
Paris  (bk.  vi.).  We  have  the  Moors 
established  in  Spain,  whereas  they  were 
not  invited  over  by  the  Saracens  for 
nearly  300  years  after  Charlemagne's 
death.   In  bk.  xvii.  we  have  Prester  John, 


who  died  in  1202;  and  in  the  last  three 
books  we  have  Constantine  the  Great,  whc 
died  in  337. 

Anac'reon,  the  prince  of  erotic  and 
bacchanalian  poets,  insomuch  that  songs 
on  these  subjects  are  still  called  Anac- 
reon'tic  (b.c.  503-478). 

Anacreon  of  Painters,  Francesco  Al- 
bano  or  Alba'ni  (1578-1660). 

Anacreon  of  the  Guillotine,  Bertrind 
Barere  de  Vieuzac  (1755-1841). 

Anacreon  of  the  Temple,  Guillaume 
Anifrye,  abbe"  de  Chaulieu  (1639-1720). 

Aiuicreon  of  the  Twelfth  Century % 
Walter  Mapes,  "  The  Jovial  Toper."  His 
famous  drinking  song,  "  Meum  est  pro- 
positum  .  .  ."has  been  translated  by  Leigh 
Hunt  (1150-1196). 

The  French  Anacreon.  1.  Pontxis  de 
Thiard,  one  of  the  "  Pleiad  poets " 
(1521-1605).  2.  P.  Laujon,  perpetual  pre- 
sident of  the  Caveau  Alodernc,  a  Paris 
club,  noted  for  its  good  dinners,  but  every 
member  was  of  necessity  a  poet  (1727- 
1811). 

The  Persian  Anacreon,  Mahommed 
Hafiz.  The  collection  of  his  poems  is 
called  The  Divan  (1310-13S9). 

The  Sicilian  Anacreon,  Giovanni  Meli 
(1740-1815). 

Anacreon  Moore,  Thomas  Moore 
of  Dublin  (1780-1652),  poet,  called  "  Anac- 
reon," from  his  translation  of  that  Greek 
poet,  and  his  own  original  anacreontic 
songs. 

Described  by  Mahomet  and  Anacreon  Moore. 

Byron,  lion  J  turn,  L  11)4. 

Anaderns,  crowns  of  flowers. 

With  fingers  neat  and  fine 
Bruve  anadems  they  make. 

L'raj  ton,  1'ulyolbion,  XV.  (1612), 

Anagmis,  Inchastity  personified  in 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(canto  vii.).  He  had  four  sons  by  Caro, 
named  Mxchus(adultcry),  Pornei'us(/or- 
nication),  Acath'arus,  and  Asel'grs  [las- 
civiousness),  all  of  whom  are  fully  des- 
cribed by  the  poet.  In  the  battle  of  ^Inn- 
soul  (canto  xi.)  Anagnus  is  slain  by 
Agnei'a  (wifely  chastity),  the  spouse  of 
Encra'tes  (temperance)  and  sister  of  Par- 
then'ia  (maidenly  chastity.)  (Greek,  an- 
agnos,  "impure.")     (1633.) 

Anagrams. 

Charles  James  Stuart  (James  I.). 
Claims  Arthur's  Seat. 

Dame  Eleanor  Davies  (prophetess  in 
ho  reign  of  Charles  I.).  Never  so  mad 
a  ladic. 


ANAII.  36 

Hokatio  Nelson.    J/ijnor  est  Silo. 

Makik  Touciiet  (mistress  of  Charles 
IX.)-  Je  charme  tout  (made  by  Henri  IV.). 

Pilate's  question,  Quid  est  Vkritab? 
Est  vir  qui  adest. 

Sir  Rogek  Charles  Doughty  Ti<  h- 
boune.  Bakonet.  You  horrid  butcher, 
Orton,  biggest  rascal  here. 

A'nah,  granddaughter  of  Cain  nnd 
Bister  of  Aholiba'mah.  Japhet  loved  her, 
but  she  had  set  her  heart  on  the  Berapb 
A/.az'icl,  who  carried  her  off  to  knottier 
planet  when  the  Flood  came. — Byron, 
J  leaven  and  Earth. 

Anah  and  Aholibamah  ore  very  different  characters: 
Amih  lssuft.  gentle,  nnd  submissive;  her  sister  li  prood, 
Imperiooa,  nnd  aspiring ;  the  one  loving  In  f'-ar  tiie 
otber  in  ambition.  ^Iie  (ears  tbat  ber  line  make*  her 
"heart  irrow  Impious."  and  tbat  the  worships  Uie  seraph 
rather  than  the  Creator.— Ed.  Lyltou  Bulwer  (Lord 
Lyttou). 

Anak  of  Publishers,  so  John 
Murray  was  called  by  lord  Byron  (1778- 
1843). 

An'akim  or  Anak,  a  giant  of  Tales- 
tine,  whose  descendants  were  tcrri1 
their    gigantic     stature.      The     Hebrew 
spies   said   that  they    themselYes    wen 
mere  grasshoppers  in  comparison  of  them. 

I  felt  tlie  Uiews  of  Anaklm. 
The  pulses  of  a  Titan'*  heart. 

Tennyson,  In  Mrmoriam,  111. 

(The  Titans  were  giants,  who,  ac- 
cording to  classic  fable,  made  war  with 
Jupiter  or  Zeus,  1  syl.) 

Anamnes'tes  (4  •»*.)•  the  boy  who 
waited  on  Eumnestes  (Memory).  Eum- 
nestes was  a  very  old  man,  decrepit  and 
half  blind,  a  "man  of  infinite  remembrance, 
who  things  foregone  through  man  . 
held,"  but  when  unable  to  "  Wt"  what  lie 
wanted,  was  helped  by  a  littll 
yclept  Anamnostes,  who  Bought  out  for 
him    what    "was    lost    or    laid    amiss." 

((ircek,  nmnistia,  "good  memory ;" 
cmamnestis,  "research  or  calling  up  to 
rnind.:') 

And  oft  when  things  were  lost  or  laid  amiss. 
That  boy  than  sought  nnd  onto  him  did  lend  ; 
Therefore  he  Annmuestes  clc|>6d  Is, 
And  that  old  man  Rumi 

Bpanmr,  faery  tyutn,  U.  9  (1590). 

Anani'as,  in  The  Alchemist,  a  comedy 
by  Ben  Jonson  (1610). 

Benjamin  Johnson  (1651-1743)  .  .  .  seemed  to  be 
proud  to  «  double  name,  and  was  partlcu- 

[urly  great  In  nil  that  author*!  playi  thai  ••»  usually 
performed,  \vr..  "Waas»n  " OoroaccJ0iM  "  Morose,"  and 
"  Ananias.**— Chetwood, 

("Wasp"  in  Bartholomew  Fair,  "Cor- 
baccio"  in  The  Fox,  "Morose"  in  The 
Silent  Wonum,  all  by  B.  Jonson.) 

Anarchus,    king    of    the    Dipsodes 


AN' 'OR. 

(2  syl.),   defeated   by   Pantag'ruel,    who 
dressed  him  in  a   nigged   doublet,  a  cap 

with  a  cock's  feather,  and  married  him  to 
"an  old  lantern-carrying  ha;;."  The  prince 
gave  the  wedding  feast,  whit 
of  garlic  and  MUX  cider.  His  wife,  being 
a  regular  termagant,  "did  beat  him  like 
•  x-tyrant  did  not  dare 
call  his  soul  his  own." — liabelais,  J'an- 
tajruel,  ii.  31  (1533). 

Anasta'sius,  the    hero   of  a    novel 
called  .;  .  by  Thomas 

'    brilliant  and 

powerful  book.    It  is  the  autobiography 
of  a  Greek.*  tiencea 

of  his    crimes   and    villainies 

s  through  a  long  series 

has  but  lew  pictures  which  will  bear  tomparlann 
with  tbat  of  AnastaaJus.  sitting  on  the  ste|«  of  lit* 
bun  ret  to  of  Trieste.  wlUi  bis  dying  boy  in  bis  arms.— 
Lncyc.  tint    Art.  "  U>>manca." 

Anastasius    Qriin,  the    n»m    de 
plume  of  Anton  Alexander  von  Auersperg, 

a  Genua  poet  (II 

Ana8terax,  brother  of   Niqncc   [ne.- 
kay],  with    whom    he   lives   in   ftmllllllll 

[airy  Zorphee,  in  order 

to  withdraw  her  cod-daughter  from  this 
allium •-  I  her. — Am.uli.iJi 

Anaxar'te  (4  qrf.),  the  Am'ndi*  of 
part  of  the    Por- 
tuguese romance  called  Am 

[Wales].      The    supplemental     romance 
was  written  by  Felieiano  de  Silva. 

An'oho,  a  Spanish  brownie,  win  •haunt* 
the  shepherds'  huts,  warms  himself  m 

their  lir.s,   tastes  their  clotted   milk  and 
•  tmily,  and  i< 
I  with  familiarity  mixed  with  terror. 
The  Audio  hates  church  bells. 

Anchors.      A   frigate  has  six:— (1, 
the    cvck-liiil    anchor,    forward  ;     (1)     the 

I  wards 

the     open  |     (4)     tbi  r  ;    (U)     the 

-.  t"  starboard  ;    (,t">;   the  sheet 

anchor,  to  larboard  or  port. 

Ancient  Mariner  ( Thr),  by 
ridge.     For  the  orime  of  having  shot   in 
albatross  (a   bird   of  good   omen    I 

mi  ii  i  terrible  Bufferings  s\ra risked  upon 

bun.  whieh  are  finally  remitted   through 

hie  repent  inee  :  bul  he  Is  doomed  I 

der  01  <  r  the  earth  and  repeat  his  glory  to 

others  as  a  warning  lesson. 

An'cor,  a  river  of  Leicestershire,  run- 
ning through  Harahul,  where  Michael 


AND  ARE  YE  SURE. 


37 


ANDRONICUS. 


Drayton  was  born.    Hence  Wm.  Browne 
eaUs  him  the  shepherd, 

Who  on  the  banks  of  Ancor  tuned  his  pipe. 

Britannia's  I'astorult,  L  5  (1513). 

And  are  ye  sure  .  .  .   (See  But  .  .  .) 

An'derson  {Eppie),  a  servant  at  the 
inn  of  St.  Ronan's  Well,  held  by  Meg 
Dods—  Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ronan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Andre  (2  syl.),  Petit- Andre"  and  Trois 
Echelles  are  the  executioners  of  Louis  XI. 
of  France.  They  are  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott,  both  in  Qucntin  JJurward  and 
in  Anne  of  Geierstein. 

Andre',  the  hero  and  title  of  a  novel 
by  George  Sand  (Mde.  Dudevant).  This 
novel  and  that  called  Consvzlo  (4  syl.)  are 
considered  her  best  (1804-187G). 

An'drea  Ferra'ra,  a  sword,  so 
called  from  a  famous  Italian  sword- 
maker  of  the  name.  Strictly  speaking, 
only  a  broad-sword  or  claymore  should  be 
so  called. 

There's  nae  sic  thing  as  standing  a  Highlander's  Andrew 
Ferara ;  they  will  slaughie  aff  a  fallow's  head  at  a  dash 
•lap. — C.  Macklin,  Love  d-lu-mode  (177a). 

Andre'os,  Fortitude  personified  in 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(canto  x.).  "  None  fiercer  to  a  stubborn 
enemy,  but  to  the  yielding  none  more 
sweetly  kind."  (Greek,  andrla  or  andreia, 
"  manliness.") 

An'drew,  gardener,  at  Ellangowan, 
to  Godfrey  Bertram  the  laird. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannerimj  (time,  George  II.). 

Andrews,  a  private  in  the  royal  army 
of  the  duke  of  Monmouth. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Andrews  {Joseph),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  Fielding.  He  is  a  footman 
who  marries  a  maid-servant.  Joseph 
Andrews  is  a  brother  of  [Richardson's] 
"  Pamela,"  a  handsome,  model  young 
man. 

The  accounts  of  Joseph's  bravery  and  good  qualities, 
his  voice  too  musical  to  halloa  to  the  dogs,  his  bravery  in 
riding  races  for  the  gentlemen  of  the  county,  and  his 
constancy  In  refusing  bribes  and  temptation,  have 
something  refreshing  in  their  naiveti  and  freshness,  and 
preiwssess  one  ill  favour  of  that  handsome  young  hero. 
— Thackeray. 

Androclus  and  the  Lion.  An- 
droclus  was  a  runaway  Roman  slave,  who 
took  refuge  in  a  cavern.  A  lion  entered, 
and  instead  of  tearing  him  to  pieces, 
lifted  up  its  fore  paw  that  Androclus  might 
extract  from  it  a  thorn.  The  fugitive, 
being  subsequently  captured,  was  doomed 
to  light  with  a  lion  in  the  Roman  arena, 
and  it  so  happened   that   the  very  same 


lion  was  let  out  against  him  ;  it  instantlv 
recognized  its  benefactor,  and  began  tc 
fawn  upon  him  with  every  token  of 
gratitude  and  joy.  The  story  being  told 
of  this  strange  behaviour,  Androclus  was 
forthwith  set  free. 

A  somewhat  similar  anecdote  is  told  of 
sir  George  Davis,  English  consul  at 
Florence  at  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century.  One  day  he  went  to  see  the 
lions  of  the  great  duke  of  Tuscany. 
There  was  one  which  the  keepers  could 
not  tame,  but  no  sooner  did  sir  George 
appear,  than  the  beast  manifested  every 
symptom  of  joy.  Sir  George  entered 
the  cage,  when  the  creature  leaped  on  his 
shoulder,  licked  his  face,  wagged  its  tail, 
and  fawned  like  a  dog.  Sir  George  told 
the  great  duke  that  he  had  brought  up 
this  lion,  but  as  it  grew  older  it  became 
dangerous,  and  he  sold  it  to  a  Barbary 
captain.  The  duke  said  he  bought  it  of 
the  same  man,  and  the  mystery  was 
cleared  up. 

Andromache  [An.drom'.a.ky] ,  widow 
of  Hector.  At  the  downfall  of  Troy  both 
she  and  her  son  Asty'anax  were  allotted 
to  Pyrrhus  king  of  Epirus,  and  Pyrrhus 
fell  in  love  with  her,  but  she  repelled  his 
advances.  At  length  a  Grecian  embassy, 
led  by  Orestes  son  of  Agamemnon, 
arrived,  and  demanded  that  Astyanax 
should  be  given  up  and  put  to  death,  lest 
in  manhood  he  should  attempt  to  avenge 
his  father's  death.  Pyrrhus  told  Andro- 
mache that  he  would  protect  her  son  in 
defiance  of  all  Greece  if  she  would  become 
his  wife,  and  she  reluctantly  consented 
thereto.  While  the  marriage  ceremonies 
were  going  on  the  ambassadors  rushed  on 
Pyrrhus  and  slew  him,  but  as  he  fell  he 
placed  the  crown  on  the  head  of  Andro- 
mache, who  thus  became  the  queen  of 
Epirus,  and  the  ambassadors  hastened  to 
their  ships  in  flight. — Ambrose  Philips, 
The  Distressed  Mother  (1712). 

*#*  Andromache  was  a  favourite  part 
with  Charlotte  Clarke,  daughter  of  Colley 
Cibber  (1710-1760),  and  with  Mrs.  Yates 
(1737-1787). 

Androni'ca,  one  of  Logistilla's  hand- 
maids, noted  for  her  beauty. — Anosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1510). 

Androni'cus  (  Titus),  a  noble  Roman 
general  against  the  Goths,  father  of  I^a- 
vin'ia.  In  the  play  so  called,  published 
amongst  those  of  Shakespeare,  the  word 
all  through  is  called  Andron'icus  (1593). 

Marcos  Aiulnmicus,  brother  of  Titus, 
and  tribune  of  the  people. 


ANDROPIIILUS. 


38 


ANGELIQUE. 


Androph'ilus,  Philanthropy  per- 
sonified in  The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas 
Fletcher  (1633).  Fully  described  in 
canto  x.  (Greek,  Andro-phitus,  "  a  lover 
of  mankind.") 

An'eal  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Maa'ni, 
who  loves  Djabal,  and  believes  him  to  be 
M  hakeem' "  (the  incarnate  god  and 
founder  of  the  Druses)  returned  to  life 
for  the  restoration  of  the  people  and 
their  return  to  Syria  from  exile  in  the 
Spo'radcs.  When,  however,  she  discovers 
his  imposture,  she  dies  in  the  bitterness 
*»f  her  disappointment. — Robert  Browning, 
The  Return  of  the  Druses. 

Angel.  When  the  Rev.  Mr.  Patten, 
vicar  of  Whitstable,  was  dying,  the  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  sent  him  £10;  and 
the  wit  said,  "Tell  his  grace  that  new  I 
own  him  to  be  a  man  of  God,  for  1  have 
seen  his  angels." 

To  write  like  an  Angel,  that  is  like 
Angel  [Vergecios],  a  Greek  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  noted  for  his  caligniphy. 

L'aiuje  de  Dieu,  Isabeau  la  belle,  the 
"  inspired  prophet-child  "  of  the  Cami- 
Barda. 

Angels  (Orders  of).  According  to 
Dionysius  the  Areop'agite,  the  angels  are 
divided  into  nine  orders :  Seraphim  and 
Cherubim,  in  the  first  circle ;  Thrones 
and  Dominions,  in  the  second  circle ; 
Virtues,  Powers,  Principalities,  Arch- 
angels, and  Angels,  in  the  third  circle. 

Novem  angelorum  ordines  diclmus.  quia  videlicet  esse, 
tesiimte  Micro  eloquto,  admits  Angela*,  Axchangelos,  Vir- 
tutes.    Potestates,    1'iincipatiis.    DomlniUmies, 
Cherubim,    atque    Seraphim.— St.    Gregory    the    Great, 
Uomilg  34 

(See  Hymns  Ancient  and  Modern,  No. 
253,  ver.  2,  3.) 

Angels'  Visits.  Norris  of  Remerton 
(1657-1711)  wrote — those  joys  which 

Soonest  take  their  flight 
Are  the  most  exquisite  and  strong, 

Like  angels'  visits,  short  uod  bright. 

Robert  Blair,  in  1743,  wrote  in  his  poem 
called  Tlie  Grave,  "in  visits" 

Like  those  of  angels,  short  and  far  between. 

_  Campbell,    in    1799,    appropriated    the 
Biinile,  but  without  improving  it,  wrote — 

like  angel*'  visits,  few  and  far  between. 

Angel'ica,  in  Bojardo's  Orlando  In- 
namorato  (149.5),  is  daughter  of  Gal'aphron 
king  of  Cathay.  She  goes  to  Paris,  and 
Orlando  falls  in  love  with  her,  forgetful 
of  wife,  sovereign,  country,  and  glory. 
Angelica,  on  the  other  hand,  disregards 
Orlando,  but  passionately  loves  Rinaldo, 


who  positively  dislikes  her.  Angelica 
and  Rinaldo  drink  of  certain  fountains, 
when  the  opposite  effects  are  produced  in 
their  hearts,  for  then  Rinaldo  loves  Ange- 
lica, while  Angelica  loses  all  love  for 
Rinaldo. 

Angelica,  in  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso, 
(1516)  is  the  same  lady,  who  marries 
MedOro,  a  young  Moore,  and  returns  to 
Cathay,  where  Medoro  succeeds  to  the 
crown.  As  for  Orlando,  he  is  driven  mad 
by  jealousy  and  pride. 

The  fairest  of  her  sei.  Angelica. 

.  .  .  Sought  by  many  prowest  knights, 

both  paiuim  and  the  peers  <>f  Charlemagne. 

Milt. hi.  Paradis*  KegaineJ,  iii.  (1671). 

Angelica  (The  princess),  called  "The 
Lady  of  the  Golden  Tower."  The  loves 
of  I'arisme'nos  and  Angelica  form  an 
important  feature  of  the  second  part  of 
Partsmtu  Prince  of  Bohemia,  by  Emanuel 
Foord  (1598). 

Anicl'icti,  an  heiress  with  whom  Va- 
lentine Legend  is  in  love.  For  a  time 
he  is  unwilling  to  declare  himself  because 
of  his  debts;  but  Angelica  gets  possession 
of  a  bond  for  £4000,  and  tears  it.  The 
money  difficulty  being  adjusted,  the 
marriage  is  arranged  amicably. — W.  Con- 
gieve,  Love  fur  Love  (1686). 

|Mrs.  Anne  Rracrglrdle]  equally  delighted  in  mrlling 
tenderness  ami  playful  coquetry.  In  "StaUra"  or  "  Milla- 
mant ;  "  and  even  at  an  advanced  age,  when  she  played 

"Angelica." — C   LiiUlen. 

Angelica,  thetroth-plight  wife  of  Valere, 
"  the  gamester."  She  gives  him  a  pic- 
ture, and  enjoins  him  not  to  part  with  it 
on  pain  of  forfeiting  her  hand.  How- 
ever, he  loses  it  in  play,  and  Angelica  in 
disguise  is  the  winner  of  it.  After  much 
tribulation,  Valere  is  cured  of  his  vice, 
and  the  two  are  happily  united  by  marriage. 
— Mrs.  Centime,  The  Qamtstmr  (17U5). 

Angeli'na,  daughter  of  lord  Lewis, 
in  the  comedy  called  The  Eider  Brother, 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1637). 

Angelina,  daughter  of  don  Channo. 
Her  father  wanted  her  to  marry  Clodio. 
a  coxcomb,  but  she  preferred  his  elder 
brother  Carlos,  a  bookworm,  with  whom 
she  eloped.  They  were  taken  captives 
and  carried  to  Lisbon.  Here  in  due  time 
they  met,  the  fathers  who  went  in  search 
of  them  came  to  the  same  spot,  and  as 
Clodio  had  engaged  himself  to  Elvira  of 
Lisbon,  the  testy  old  gentlemen  agreed  to 
the  marriage  of  Angelina  with  Carlos. — 
C.  Cibber,  Love  JJa/ces  a  Man. 

Angeliqne'  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  A  rgar. 
the  malade  imaginaire.   Her  lover  is  Cleanu 


ANGELiQT'K. 


39 


ANGUISANT. 


(2  »!//.)•  hi  order  to  prove  whether  his 
wife  or  daughter  loved  him  the  better, 
Argan  pretended  to  be  dead,  whereupon 
the  wife  rejoiced  greatly  that  she  was 
relieved  of  a  "disgusting  creature,"  hated 
by  every  one;  but  the  daughter  grieved  as 
if  her  heart  would  break,  rebuked  herself 
for  her  shortcomings,  and  vowed  to  devote 
the  rest  of  her  life  in  prayer  for  the  repose 
of  his  soul.  Argan,  being  assured  of  his 
daughter's  love,  gave  his  free  consent  to 
her  marriage  with  Cle'ante.  —  Molierc, 
Malad*  Imunjinaire  (1G73). 

Awjelique,  the  aristocratic  wife  of  George 
Dandin,  a  French  commoner.  She  has  a 
liaison  with  a  M.  CliUindre,  but  always 
contrives  to  turn  the  tables  on  her  hus- 
band. George  Dandin  first  hears  of  a 
rendezvous  from  one  Lubin,  a  foolish 
servant  of  Clitandre,  and  lays  the  affair 
before  M.  and  Mde.  Sotenville,  his  wife's 
parents.  The  baron  with  George  Dandin 
call  on  the  lover,  who  denies  the  accu- 
sation, and  George  Dandin  has  to  beg 
pardon.  Subsequently,  he  catches  his 
wife  and  Clitandre  together,  and  sends  at 
once  for  M.  and  Mde.  Sotenville  ;  but 
Angelique,  aware  of  their  presence,  pre- 
tends to  denounce  her  lover,  and  even 
takes  up  a  stick,  to  beat  him  for  the  "  in- 
sult offered  to  a  virtuous  wife  ;"  so  again 
the  parents  declare  their  daughter  to  be 
the  very  paragon  of  women.  Lastly, 
George  Dandin  detects  his  wife  and  Cli- 
tandre together  at  night-time,  and  succeeds 
in  shutting  his  wife  out  of  her  room  ;  but 
Angelique  now  pretends  to  kill  herself, 
and  when  George  goes  for  a  light  to  look 
fur  the  body,  she  rushes  into  her  room 
and  shuts  him  out.      At  this  crisis  the 

Earcnts  arrive,  when  Angelique  accuses 
ex  husband  of  being  out  all  night  in  a 
debauch ;  and  he  is  made,  to  beg  her  pardon 
on  his  knees. — Molierc,  Qeorge  haiu.lin 
(1668). 

An'gelo,  in  Measure  for  Afeasurc,  lord 
deputy  of  Vienna  in  the  absence  of  Vin- 
eentio  the  duke.  His  betrothed  lady  is 
Maria'na.  Lord  Angelo  conceived  a  base 
passion  for  Isabella,  sister  of  Claudio,  but 
bis  designs  were  foiled  by  the  duke,  who 
compelled  him  to  marry  Mariana. — 
Shakespeare  (lo03). 

An'gelo,  a  gentleman,  fnrnd  to  Julio  in 
aptain,  a.  drama  by  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  (10 13). 

Anger  .  .  .  the  Alphabet.  It  was 
a.thenodo'rus    the    Stoic    who    advised 


Augustus  to  repeat  the  alphabet  when  tw 
felt  inclined  to  give  way  to  anger. 

rtaln  Orec  dlsnlt  a  I'euipeMUl  August*. 
t.uit  qoc  juste. 
Que.  lontju'  une  aventure  en  c<>Mrt*  nous  met, 
HOUtderoui,  uvaiu  tijut.  dire  noire  alphabet, 
Ann  que  dun  cc  temps  la  bile  se  teini-  IB, 
Kt  qu'uu  ne  Emm  ri.-n  .jue  Ton  nc  doive  faire. 

Moliore.  L'icole  de§  f»m<ne$.  U.  4  (1660 

Angioli'na  (4  «y/.),  daughter  of 
LoredaTna,  and  the  young  wife  of  BCari'no 
Faliero,  trie  doge  of  Venice.  A  patrician 
named  Michel  Steno,  having  behaved  in- 
decently to  some  of  the  women  assemble. 1 
at  the  great  civic  banquet  given  by  the 
doge,  was  kicked  out  of  the  hou.-e  by 
order  of  the  doge,  and  in  revenge  wrote 
some  scurrilous  lines  against  the  doga- 
ressa.  This  insult  was  referred  to  "  The 
Forty,"  and  Steno  was  sentenced  to  two 
months'  imprisonment,  which  the  doge 
considered  a  very  inadequate  punishment 
for  the  offence.— Byron,  Marino  Faliero. 

The  character  of  the  calm,  pure»pirited  Ar._ 
l  most  admirably.    The  . 
her  tempor  and  that  of  her  fiery  hii-h.e,  I 
trayod,  but  not  less  vividly  touch  I  I-jm.I  id 

union  which  exists  In  the commo  I   elrdecp 

natures.  There  is  no  spark  of  je.dousv  in  Use  Old  mam 
thoughts.  He  docs  not  expect  the  fervour  of  youthful 
passion  i]  •  oat  blar  l«Urr— 

toe  fearless  contidunce  of  one  so  Innocent  that  she  can 
scarcely  believe  in  the  existence  of  guilt.  .  .  .  she  Uimkj 
8teno's  greauat  punishment  will  be  "Uia  blushes  of  hu 
privacy." — Lockhart. 

Anglan'te's  Lord,  Orlando,  who 
was  lord  of  Anglantl  and  knight  of 
Brava. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

An'glesey,  i.e.  Angles  eh-land  (the 
island  of  the  English).  Edwin  king  of 
Northumberland,  "warred  with  them  that 
dwelt  in  the  Isle  of  Mona,  and  they 
became  his  servants,  and  the  island  was 
no  longer  called  Mima,  but  Anglesey,  the 
isle  of  the  English." 

An'glides  (3  st/l.),  wife  of  good  prince 
Boud'wine  (2  syl.),  brother  to  sir  Mark 
kin,'  of  Cornwall  ("the  falsest  traitoi 
that  ever  was  born").  When  king  Mark 
slew  her  husband,  Anglides  and   In  r   BOO 

Alisaundermade  their  escape  to  bfagounce 
(i.,-.  Arundel),  where  she  lived  in  peace. 
and  broughl  up  her  son  till  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood.-  SirT.  Malory, 
Hist.  ofPr.  Arthur,  ii.  117,  118  (1470). 

An'glo-ma'nia,  generally  applied  to 
a  French  or  German  imitation  of  the 
manners,  customs,  etc.,  ol  the  English. 
It  prevailed  in  Franco  some  time  before 
the  tirst  Revolution,  and  was  jften  ex- 
tremely  ridiculous. 

An'Kuisnnt,  kin,'  of  Erin  (Ireland). 

subdued  by  king  Arthur  lighting  in  behalf 


ANGULE. 


40 


ANNIE  WINNIE. 


of  Leod'ogran  king  of  Cam'eliard  (3  si/l.). 
— Tennyson,  Comina  of  Kiruj  Ari/tur. 

Angule  (St.),  bishop  of  London,  put 
to  death  by  Maximia'nus  Hercu'lius, 
Soman  general  in  Britain  in  the  reign  of 
Diocletian. 

St.  Angule  put  to  death,  one  of  our  holiest  men. 
At  London,  of  that  see  the  godly  biahop  then. 

Drayton,  I'olyulbion,  niv.  (1C22). 

Aiigurva'del,  Frithiofs  sword,  in- 
scribed with  Kunic  characters,  which 
blazed  in  time  of  war,  but  gleamed  dimly 
in  time  of  peace. 

Animals  admitted  to  Heaven. 
According  to  the  Moslem's  creed,  ten 
animals  are  admitted  into  paradise  besides 
man.  1.  The  dog  Kratini,  of  the  seven 
Bleepers  of  Ephesus.  2.  Balaam's  ass, 
which  reproved  the  disobedient  prophet. 
3.  Solomon's  ant,  which  reproves  the 
sluggard.  4.  Jonah's  whale.  6.  The 
ram  of  Ismael,  caught  by  the  hor 
offered  in  sacrifice  instead  of  Isaac 
7.  The  camel  of  Saleb.  8.  The  cuckoo 
ofBelkis.  9.  The  ox  of  Moses.  10.  The 
animal  called  Al  Borak,  which  conveyed 
Mahomet  to  heaven. 

The  following  are  sometimes  added  or 
substituted: — The  ass  on  which  OUT  Saviour 
rode  into  Jerusalem  ;  the  ass  on  which  the 
queen  of  Sheba  rode  when  she  visited 
Solomon. 

Anjou  ( The  Fair  Maid  of),  lady  Edith 
Plantagenet,  who  married  David  earl  of 
Huntingdon  (a  royal  prince  of  Scotland). 
Edith  was  a  kinswoman  of  Richard  Cu-ur 
de  Lion,  and  an  attendant  on  queen 
Berengaria. 

***  Sir  Walter  Scott  has  introduced 
her  in  The  Talisman  (1826). 

Ann  (The  princess),  lady  of  Beaujen. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  Duruard  (lime, 
Edward  IV.). 

Anna  (Donna),  the  lady  beloved  by 
don   Otta'vio,   but  seduced   by  eh 
vanni. — Mozart's     opera,    Don    Giovanni 
(1787). 

An'nabel,  in  Absalom  and  Achi- 
tophel,    by    Dryden,    is    the    duchess    of 

Monmouth,  whose  maiden  name  was 
Anne  Scott  (countess  of  Buccleuch).  She 
married  again  after  the  execution  of  her 
faithless  husband. 

With  secret  joy  indulgent  Pavid  [Charla  //.]  viewed 

His  youthful  Image  in  hli  Km  renewed  ; 

T..all  hi-  wbuei  nothing  he  denied. 

And  made  the  charming  Annabel  las  bride. 

Parti. 

An'naple    [Bailzou],   Eflie   Dean's 


"monthly"  nurse. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Beari 
of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

An'najtle,  nurse  of  Hobbie  Elliot  of  th» 
Heugh-root.  a  young  farmer. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Anne  (Sister),  the  sister  of  Fat'ima 
the  seventh  and  last  wife  of  Blue  Beard. 
Fatima,  saving  disobeyed  her  lord  by 
looking  into  the  locked  chamber,  is 
allowed  a  short  respite  before  execution. 
Sister  Anne  ascends  the  high  tower  of  the 
castle,  with  the  hoj  her  brothers, 

who  were  expected  to  arrive  every  mo- 
ment. Fatima,  in  her  agony,  keeps  ask- 
bister  Anne"  if  she  can  see  them, 
and  Blue  Beard  keeps  crying  out  for  Fa- 
tuna  to  use  greater  despatch.  As  the 
patience  «>f  both  is  exhausted,  the  brother* 
arrive,  and  Katima  is  rescued  from  death. 
— Charles  l'errault,  La  Bail*  Blcue. 

Anne,  own  sister  of  king  Arthur. 
Her  father  was  Uther  the  pesdragon,  and 
her  mother  Ygerna,  widow  of  GorloTs. 
She  was  given  by  her  brother  in  marriage 
to  Lot,  consul  of  Londonesia,  and  after- 
wards king  of  Noi  way. — Geoffrey,  British 
/,  viii.  20,  -'l. " 

*.*  In  Arthurian  romance  this  Ar.ne 
is  calleil  M&rgawse  (History  «/  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  •_')  ;  Tennyson  culls  her  Belli- 
cent  (Gareth  arul  Lynette),  In  Arthurian 
romance  Lot  is  always  called  king  of 
Orkney. 

Anne.  Qw,n.\nn.'-lui.  Your  thumb 
to  your  nose  and  lingers  spread. 

Annette,  daughter  of  Mathis  and 
Catherine,  l  Djptain 

Of   the    patrol.— J.    E.    Ware. 
Jew. 

Annette  and  Lubin,  by  Manimn- 
ti  1.  imitated  from  the  Daphmis  and  Cldoe 
of  Longos  (</.c.). 

An'nio  Lau'rie,  eldest  of  the  three 
daughters  of  sir  Robert  Laurie,  of  Max- 

welton.    In  17o;i  she  married  Jam' 
gusson,   of    Craigdarroch,  and    was    the 
mother  of  Alexan  ton,  the  hero 

of  Burns's  son.:   The  Whittle.     '!'!.• 

of  Annie  Laurie  was  written  by  William 

Douglas,  of  Fingland,  in  the  stewardry  oi 

Kirkcudbright,   liero  of  the    - 

was  a   Wanton  Way.     (See  Wiusi -i.e.) 

An'nie  Win'nie,  one  of  the  old 
sibyls  at  Alice  Cray's  death  ;  the  other 
was  Ailsie  Gouriay. — Sir  W.  Scott,  /  •<• 
Bride  of  Laimncrinoor  (time,  William 
111.). 


ANNIR. 


41 


ANTHONIO. 


Annir,  king  of  Inis-thona  (an  island 
of  Scandinavia).  He  had  two  sons  (Ar^'im 
and  Kuro)  and  one  daughter.  One  day 
Cor'malo,  a  neighbouring  chief,  came  and 
begged  the  honour  of  a  tournament. 
Ar;'»n  granted  the  request,  and  overthrew 
him,  which  so  vexed  Cormalo  that  during 
a  hunt  he  shot  both  the  brothers  secretly 
with  his  bow.  Their  dog  Kuna  ran  to 
the  palace,  and  howled  so  as  to  attract 
attention  ;  whereupon  Annir  followed  the 
hound,  and  found  both  his  sons  dead, 
and  on  his  return  he  further  found  that 
Cormalo  had  carried  off  his  daughter. 
Oscar,  son  of  Ossian,  led  an  army  against 
the  villain,  and  slew  him  ;  then  liberating 
the  young  lady,  he  took  her  back  to  Inis- 
thona,  and  delivered  her  to  her  father. — 
Ossian  ("The  War  of  Inis-thona"). 

A-n'nophel,  daughter  of  Cas'silane 
(3  syl.)  general  of  Candy. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Laws  of  Candy  (1(547). 

Anselm,  prior   of  St.  Dominic,  the 

confessor   of    king  Henry  IV. — Sir   W. 

Scott,    The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth    (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Anselme  (2  syl.),  father  of  Valere 
('2  syl.)  and  Mariane  (3  syl.).  In  reality 
he  is  don  Thomas  d'Alburei,  of  Naples. 
The  family  were  exiled  from  Naples  for 
political  reasons,  and  being  shipwrecked 
were  all  parted.  Valere  was  picked  up 
by  a  Spanish  captain,  who  adopted  him  ; 
Mariane  fell  into  the  hands  of  a  corsair, 
who  kept  her  a  captive  for  ten  years,  when 
she  effected  her  escape ;  and  Anselme 
wandered  from  place  to  place  for  ten 
jcars,  when  he  settled  in  Paris,  and 
intended  to  marry.  At  the  expiration  of 
sixteen  years  they  all  met  in  Paris  at  the 
house  of  Har'pagon,  the  miser.  Valere 
was  in  love  with  Elise  (2  syl.),  the 
miser's  daughter,  promised  by  Harpagon 
in  marriage  to  Anselme  ;  and  Mariane, 
affianced  to  the  miser's  son  Clean te  ('2  syl.), 
was  sought  in  marriage  by  Harpagon, 
the  old  father.  As  soon  as  Anselme 
discovered  that  Valere  and  Mariane  were 
his  own  children,  matters  were  soon  amic- 
ably arranged,  the  young  people  married, 
and  the  old  ones  retired  from  the  unequal 
contest. — Moliere,  L' Autre  (1CG7). 

Anselnio,  a  noble  cavalier  of 
Florence,  the  friend  of  Lothario.  An- 
lielmo  married  Camilla,  and  induced  his 

'friend  to  try  to  corrupt  her,  that  he  might 
rejoice    in    her    incorruptible    fidelity. 

Lothario  unwillingly  undertook  the  task, 
and  succeeded  but  too  well.      For  a   time 


Anselnio  was  deceived,  but  at  length 
Camilla  eloped,  and  the  end  of  the  silly 
affair  was  that  Anselmo  died  of  grief, 
Lothario  was  slain  in  battle,  and  Camilla 
died  in  a  convent. — Cervantes,  Dam 
Quixote,  I.  iv.  5,  'i ;  Fatal  Curiosity  (IGUo). 

An'ster  (Hotj),  a  constable  at 
Kinross  village. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Tat 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Ant.  Ants'  eyys  are  an  antidote  to 
love. 

Ants  never  sleep.  Emerson  savs  this 
is  a  "  recently  observed  fact." — \ature, 
iv. 

Ants  have  mind,  etc.  "In  formica  non 
modo  sensus,  sed  etiam  mens,  ratio, 
memoria." — Pliny  • 

Ant  (Solomon's),  one  of  the  ten  ani- 
mals admitted  into  paradise,  according 
to  the  Koran,  ch.  xxvii.    (See  Animals.) 

Ants  lay  up  a  store  for  the  winter. 
This  is  an  error  in  natural  history, 
as  ants  are  torpid  during  the  winter. 

Antae'os,  a  gigantic  wrestler  of 
Libya  (or  Irassa).  His  strength  waa 
inexhaustible  so  long  as  he  touched  the 
earth,  and  was  renewed  every  time  he  did 
touch  it.  Her'culcs  killed  him  by  lifting 
hiu.  up  from  the  earth  and  squeezing  him 
to  death.     (See  Malkgek.) 

As  when  earth's  son  Antreus  .  .  in  Irassa  strove 
With  Jove's  AlefaMa,  Mid  oft  tolled,  Mill  t<^v. 
Beueh  lng,froni  hu  mother  earth  new  strength. 

Fresh  from  his  fall,  ami  fiercer 

ThrotUed  at  length  i'  the  jiir.  expired  and  fell. 

Miltun.  J'tiraUUe  AVyuduii,  iv.  11671). 

*«*    Similarly,     when     Bernardo    del 

Carpio  assailed  Orlando  or  Rowland 
at  Konccsvallcs,  as  he  found  his  body  was 
not  to  be  pierced  by  any  instrument  of 
war,  he  took  him  up  in  his  anus  and 
squeezed  him  to  death. 

N.B. — The  only  vulnerable  part  of  Or- 
lando was  the  sole  of  his  foot. 

Ante'nor,  a  traitorous  Trojan  prince, 
related  to  l'riain.  lie  advised  llv.-scs  to 
carry  away  the  palladium  from  Troy,  and 
when  the  wooden  horse  was  built  it  waa 
An  tenor  who  urged  the  Trojans  to  make  a 
breach  in  the  wall  and  drag  the  horse 
into  the  city.— Shakespeare  has  intro- 
duced him  ill  Troilus  and  Crcssula  (1602). 

Antlli'a.  the  lady  beloved  by  Abroc'- 
omii3    in     the     (ireck      romance      called 

De    Amoribus    Anthkt  <t   Abr imr,  by 

Kenophou  of  Ephesua,  who  lived  in  the 
fourth  Christian  century.  (This  is  not 
Zenophon  the  historian,  >vho  lived  B.C. 
444-869.) 

Anthonio,   "  the  merchant   of    Ve< 


ANTHOXIO. 


42 


AXTIOPE. 


nice,"  in  Shakespeare's  drama  so  called 
(1598).  Anthonio  borrows  of  Shylock, 
a  Jew,  3000  ducats  for  three  months, 
to  lend  to  his  friend  Bassanio.  The  con- 
ditions of  the  loan  were  these :  if  the 
money  was  paid  within  the  time,  only  the 
principal  should  be  returned  ;  but  if  not, 
the  Jew  should  be  allowed  to  cut  bora 
Anthonio's  body  "a pound  of  flesh."  As 
the  ships  of  Anthonio  were  delayed  by 
contrary  wind3,  he  was  unable  to  pay 
within  the  three  months,  and  Shylock 
demanded  the  forfeiture  according  to  the 
bond.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a  law- 
doctor,  conducted  the  case,  and  when  the 
Jew  was  about  to  cut  the  flesh,  stopped 
him,  saying — (1)  the  bond  gave  him  no 
drop  of  blood ;  and  (2)  he  must  take 
neither  more  nor  less  than  an  exact 
pound.  If  he  shed  one  drop  of  blood  or 
if  he  cut  more  or  less  than  an  exact 
pound,  his  life  would  be  forfeit.  As  it 
was  quite  impossible  to  comply  with 
these  restrictions,  the  Jew  was  nonsuited, 
and  had  to  pay  a  heavy  fine  for  seeking 
the  life  of  a  citizen. 

Antho'nio,  the  usurping  duke  of  Milan, 
and  brother  of  l'ros'pcro  (the  rightful 
duke,  and  father  of  Miranda). — Shake- 
speare, The  Tempest  (1G09). 

Antho'nio,  father  of  Protheus,  and 
suitor  of  Julia. — Shakespeare,  T/te  Two 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1594). 

An'thony,  an  English  archer  in  the 
cottage  of  farmer  Dickson,  of  Douglas- 
dale. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Danycrvus 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

An'thony,  the  old  postillion  at  Meg 
Dods's,  the  landlady  of  the  inn  at  St. 
Kouan's  Well. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Honoris 
Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Antid'ius,  bishop  of  Jaen,  martyred 
by  the  Vandals  in  411.  One  day,  seeing 
the  devil  writing  in  his  pocket-buck  some 
sin  com  mitted  by  the  pope,  he  jumped  up<  >n 
his  back  and  commanded  his  Satanic  ma- 
jesty to  carry  him  to  Rome.  The  devil 
tried  to  make  the  bishop  pronounce  the 
name  of  Jesus,  which  would  break  the 
spell,  and  then  the  devil  would  have  tossed 
his  unwelcome  burden  into  the  sea,  but  the 
bishop  only  cried,  "  Gee  up,  devil  !  "  and 
when  he  reached  Rome  he  was  covered 
with  Alpine  snow.  The  chronicler  naively 
sdds,  "the  hat  is  still  shown  at  Koine  in 
confirmation  of  this  miracle." — General 
Chronicle  of  Kiny  Alplionso  the  Wise. 

Antig'one    (4    syl.),    daughter   of 


(E'dipos  and  Jocas'tc,  a  noble  maiden, 
with  a  truly  heroic  attachment  to  her 
father  and  brothers.  When  (Tldipos  had 
blinded  himself,  and  was  obliged  to  quit 
Thebes,  Antigone  accompanied  him,  and 
remained  with  him  till  his  death,  when 
she  returned  to  Thebes.  Creon,  the  king, 
had  forbidden  any  one  to  bun-  Polyni'ces, 
In  r  brother,  who  had  been  slain  by  hi? 
eld«I  brother  in  battle;  Imt  Antigone,  in 
defiance  of  this  prohibition,  buried  the 
dead  body,  ami  CreOO  shut  her  up  in  ■ 
vault  under  ground,  where  she  killel 
herself.  Hitman,  her  lover,  killed  hiir- 
self  also  by  her  side.  Sophocles  has  a 
Greek  tragedy  on  the  subject,  and  it  ha* 
been  dramatized  for  the  English  stage. 

Then  mMm*| — nh  !  .  .  .  what  a  revelation  of  beau ty  I 
forth  9tepi«l.  walkliiK  hi  hrhjtihiew.  the  most  faultlea  uf 
Grecian  marhlea,  Mlat  Helen  Faucet  ai  ••  Autigoni ■." 
What  perfection  of  Athenian  aculpture  1  the  nol.le 
fiK'iiri-.  the  lovely  arm*,  the  fluent  drapery  I  What  nn 
lUirvBllIf  of  the  stntueauue:  .  .  .  Perfect  In  form;  perfect 
lu  altitude.— De  Vlulneej  (1S43). 

The  Midt-rn  Autigoni,  Marie  The'rese 
Charlotte  duchesae  d'Angoulema,  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  XVI.  and  Marie  Antoinette 
(1778-1851). 

Antig'onu8,  a  Sicilian  lord,  com- 
manded by  king  Leontes  to  take  his 
infant  daughter  to  a  desert  shore  and  leave 
her  to  perish.  Antigonus  was  driven  by  a 
storm  to  the  coast  of  Bohemia,  where  he 
left  the  babe  ;  but  on  his  way  back  to 
the  ship,  he  was  torn  to  pieces  by  a 
bear. — Shakespeare,  I'/ie  \\  inter's  Tale 
(1604). 

Antiy'onus  (Kiny),  an  old  man  willi  a 
young    man's   an.  .  H      He   is 

one  of  the  four  kings  who  succeeded  to 
the  divided  empire  of  Alexander  the 
Great.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Humoroui  Limtmumt  (1647). 

Antin'ous  (4  syl.),  a  page  of  Had- 
rian the   Koman  emperor,  noted  for  his 

beauty. 

Antin'ous  (4  syl.),  son  of  Cas'silane 
(3  Sjfl.)  general  of  Candy,  and  brother 
Of  An'nophel,    in    The  1  'fly.  a 

drama  by  Beaumont  anil  Fletcher  (1647). 

Anti'ochus,  emperor  of  (Jrecce,  who 
sought  the  life  of  Perichffl  prince  of  Tyre, 
but  died  without  effecting  his  desire.— 
Shakespeare,  J'ericles  1'rince  of  lure 
(1008). 

Anti'ope  (4  syl.),  daughter  of 
Idom'eneus  (\syl.), for  whom  Telem'acnus 
had  a  tenon.  Mentor  approved  hi« 
choice,  and  assured  Teh  machus  that  the 
lady  was  designed  fo*  him  by  the  gods- 


ANTIPIIOLUS. 


48 


ANTONY. 


Her  charms  were  "  the  glowing  modesty 
of  her  countenance,  her  silent  diffidence, 
And  her  sweet  reserve  ;  her  constant  at- 
tention to  tapestry  or  to  some  other  useful 
and  elegant  employment ;  her  diligence 
in  household  airairs,  her  contempt  of 
finery  in  dress,  and  her  ignorance  of  her 
own  beauty."  Telemachus  says,  "  She 
encourages  to  industry  by  her  example, 
sweetens  labour  by  the  melody  of  her 
voice,  and  excels  the  best  of  painters  in 
the  elegance  of  her  embroidery." — 
Fe'nelon,  Te'le'maque,  xxii.  (1700). 

Ha  [Pant]  fancied  he  had  found  in  Virginia  the 
wisdom  of  Antiope  with  the  misfortunes  and  the 
tenderness  of  Eucharis.— Bemardin  do  St.  Pierre,  Paul 
and  Virginia  {1786). 

Antiph'olus,  the  name  of  two 
brothers,  twins,  the  sons  of  JEge'on  a 
merchant  of  Syracuse.  The  two  brothers 
Were  shipwrecked  in  infancy,  and,  being 
picked  up  by  different  cruisers,  one  was 
carried  to  Syracuse,  and  the  other  to 
Ephesus.  The  Ephesian  entered  the 
service  of  the  duke,  and,  being  fortunate 
enough  to  save  the  duke's  life,  became  a 
great  man  and  married  well.  The  Syra- 
cusian  Antipholus,  going  in  search  of 
his  brother,  came  to  Ephesus,  where  a 
series  of  blunders  occurs  from  the  won- 
derfnl  likeness  of  the  two  brothers  and 
their  two  servants  called  Dromio.  The 
eonfnsion  becomes  so  great  that  the 
Ephesian  is  taken  up  as  a  mad  man.  It 
so  happened  that  both  brothers  appeared 
before  the  duke  at  the  same  time  ;  and 
the  extraordinary  likeness  being  seen  by 
all,  the  canse  of  the  blunders  was  evident, 
and  everything  was  satisfactorily  ex- 
plained.— Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errors 
(1593). 

Aiitiph'ony,  alternate  singing  of 
opposite  choirs,  as  when  psalms  are 
intoned  in  cathedrals. 

Oh  I  never  more  for  me  shall  winds  Intone 
With  all  your  tops  a  vast  antlphony. 

Hubert  Snwulng,  A  Blot  on  t\e   tcutctoon, 

Anton  [Sir).  Tennyson  says  that 
Merlin  gave  Arthur,  when  an  infant,  to  sir 
Anton  and  his  lady  to  bring  up,  and  they 
brought  him  up  as  their  own  son.  This 
does  not  correspond  with  the  History  of 
Arthur,  which  slates  that  he  was 
Committed  to  the  rare  of  sir  Ector  and 
his  lady,  whose  son,  sir  Key,  is  over 
and  over  again  called,  the  prince's  fostcr- 
brother.  lie  History  furthermore  states 
that.  Arthur  made  sir  Key  his  seneschal 
because  he  was  his  Foster-brother. 

■  child  mi  delivered  unto  Merlin,  and  ha  l«uv 
■mi  f.uiii  untu  ilr  KcUir.  and  nude  •  liolj   luaii  christta 


him,  and  named  him  "  Arthur."     And  so  sir  Ector's  wit» 
nourished  htm  with  her  own  breast. — Part  L  3. 

So  sir  Ector  rode  to  the  justs,  and  with  hbn  rode  itr 
Key,  his  son,  and  young  Arthur  that  was  his  nourished 
brother.— Ditto. 

"  Sir,"  said  sir  Ector,  "  I  will  ask  no  more  of  you  but 
that  you  will  make  my  son,  sir  Key.  your  Coster- 
brother,  seneschal  of  nil  your  lands."  "  That  shall  tie 
done,"  said  Arthur  (ch.  4). — Sir  T.  Malory,  Binary  of 
Prince  Arthur  (147U). 

Anton,  one  of  Henry  Smith's  men  in 
T/ie  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (time,  Henry'lV.). 

Anto'niad,  the  name  of  Cleopatra  « 
ship  at  the  battle  of  Actium,  so  named 
in  compliment  to  Mark  Antonv. — Plu- 
tarch. 

Anto'nio,  a  sea  captain  who  saved 
Sebastian,  the  brother  of  Vi'ola,  when 
wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Illvria. — 
Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night  (1614)'. 

Anto'nio,  the  Swiss  lad  who  acts  as 
the  guide  from  Lucern,  in  sir  \V.  Scott's 
Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Anto'nio,  a  stout  old  gentleman,  kins- 
man of  Petruccio,  governor  of  Bologna, — 
Beaumont    and    Fletcher,     The    V 
(a  comedy,  before  1G21). 

Antonio  (Don),  father  of  Carlos  a 
bookworm,  and  Clodio  a  coxcomb ;  a 
testy,  headstrong  old  man.  He  wants 
Carlos  to  sign  away  his  birthright  in 
favour  of  his  younger  brother,  to  whom 
he  intends  Angelina  to  be  married  ;  but 
Carlo3  declines  to  give  his  signature,  and 
elopes  with  Angelina,  whom  he  marries, 
while  Clodio  engages  his  troth  to  Elvira 
of  Lisbon. — C.  Gibber,  Love  Makes  a 
Man. 

Antonio  (Don),  in  love' with  Louisa,  the 
daughter  of  don  Jerome  of  Seville.  A 
poor  nobleman  of  ancient  family. — 
Sheridan,  The  Duenna  (1778). 

Antonomas'ia  (The  princess), 
daughter  of  Archipiela,  king  of  Candaya. 
and    his    wife     Maguncia,      She    married 

don  Clavijo,  but  the  giant  Malambru'no, 
by  enchantment,  changed  the  bride  into  a 
brass    monkey,   and    her  spouse   into  ■ 

crocodile  of  some  unknown   metal.      Don 

Quixote  mounted  the  wooden  horse 
Clavileno  the  Winged,  to  disenchant  the 
lady  and  her  husband,  and  this  he 
effected  "  simply  by  making  Um 
attempt."— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  11- 
iii.  1,  ;>  (1616). 

Antony  (Saint)  lived  in  a  cavern  on 


ANTONY  AND  C/ESAR. 


44 


APOLLO. 


the  summit  of  Cavadonga,  in  Spain,  and 
was  perpetually  annoyed  by  devils. 

Old  St  Antonius  from  the  hell 
Of  his  bewildered  phantasy  saw  fiends 
In  actual  vision,  a  foul  Uirong  grotesque 
Of  all  horrific  shapes  and  form*  obscene. 
Crowd  in  broad  day  before  his  open  eyes. 

Southey,  Roderick,  etc..  xvi.  (1814). 

An'tony  and  Caesar.  Macbeth 
says  that  "  under  Banquo  his  own 
genius  was  rebuked  [or  snubbed],  as  it  is 
said  Mark  Antony's  was  by  Csesar " 
(act  iii.  sc.  1),  and  in  Antony  and  Cleo- 
patra this  passage  i3  elucidated  thus — 

Thy  daemon,  that's  thy  spirit  which  keeps  thee.  Is 
Noble,  courageous,  high,  unmatchable, 
Where  Cresar's  is  not ;  but  near  him  thy  angel 
Becomes  a  fear,  as  being  o'erpowered. 

Act  iL  sc  8. 

An'vil  ( The  Literary).  Dr.  Mayo  was 
so  called,  because  he  bore  the  hardest 
blows  of  Dr.  Johnson  without  flinching. 

Aodh,  last  of  the  Culdees,  or  primitive 
clergy  of  Io'na,  an  island  south  of 
Stalla.  His  wife  was  Keullu'ra.  Ulv- 
fa'gre  the  Dane,  having  landed  on  the 
island  and  put  many  to  the  sword,  bound 
Aodh  in  chains  of  iron,  then  dragging 
him  to  the  church,  demanded  where  the 
"treasures  were  concealed."  A  mys- 
terious figure  now  appeared,  which  not 
only  released  the  priest,  but  took  the 
Dane  by  the  arm  to  the  statue  of  St. 
Columb,  which  fell  on  him  and  crushed 
him  to  death.  After  this  the  "saint" 
gathered  the  remnant  of  the  islanders 
together,  and  went  to  Ireland. — Campbell, 
Keullura. 

Aon'ian  Mount  (The),  in  Bcco'tia, 
the  haunt  of  the  Muses.  Milton  says  his 
Muse  is  to  soar  above  "  the  Aonian 
mount,"  i.e.  above  the  flight  of  fable  and 
classic  themes,  because  his  subject 
was  "Jehovah,  lord  of  all." — Paradise 
Lost,  i.  15  (1665). 

Ape  (1  syl.),  the  pseudonym  of  M. 
Pellegrini,  the  caricaturist  of  Vanity 
Fair.  Dr.  Johnson  says  "  to  ape  is  to 
imitate  ludicrously ; "  whence  the  adoption 
of  the  name. 

Apes.  To  lead  Apes  in  Hell,  to  die  an 
old  maid.  Thus  Fadladin'ida  says  to 
Tatlanthe  (3  syl.)— 

Pity  that  you  who've  served  so  long  and  well 
Should  die  a  virgin,  and  lead  apes  in  hell  ; 
Choose  for  yourself,  dear  girl,  our  empire  round, 
Your  portion  is  twelve  hundred  thousand  puuno. 

H.  Carey,  C'hrononhotonthologot. 
Women,  dying  maids,  lead  apes  In  hell. 

The  London  Prodigal.  L  3. 

Apelles    and  the    Cobbler.    A 

cobbler  found  fault  with  the  shoe-latchet 
of  one  of  Apelles'  paintings,  and  the  artist 


rectified  the  fault.  The  cobbler,  thinking 
himself  very  wise,  next  ventured  to 
criticize  the  legs  ;  but  Apelles  6aid,  JV« 
sutor  ultra  crepldwn  ("  Let  not  the 
cobbler  go  beyond  his  last  "). 

Within  that  range  of  criticism  where  all  are  equal!; 
Judges,  and  where  Crispin  is  entitled  to  dictate  U 
Apelles.— Kncyc.  llrlt.  Art.  "  Romance." 

Apelles.  When  his  famous  painting  of 
Venus  rising  out  of  the  sea  (hung  by 
Augustus  in  the  temple  of  Julius  Caesar] 
was  greatly  injured  by  time,  Nero  re- 
placed it  by  a  copy  done  by  Dorotheus. 
This  Venus  by  Apelles  is  called  "  Venus 
Anadyoui'ene,"  his  model  (according  to 
tradition)  being  Campaspe  (afterward* 
his  wife). 

Apeman'tus,  a  churlish  Athenian 
philosopher,  who  snarled  at  men 
systematically,  but  showed  his  cynicism 
to  be  mere  affectation,  when  Timon 
attacked  him  with  his  own  weapons. — 
Shakespeare,  linwn  of  At/tens  (1600). 

Their  affected  melancholy  showed  like  the  cynicism  of 
Apemantus,  contrasted  with  the  real  misanthiupy  of 
Timon.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Apic'ius,  an  epicure  in  the  time  of 
Tiberius.  He  wrote  a  book  on  the  waye 
of  provoking  an  appetite.  Having  spent 
£800,000  in  supplying  the  delicacies 
of  the  table,  and  having  only  i>",oo0 
left,  he  hanged  himself,  not  thinking  it 
possible  to  exist  on  such  a  wretched 
pittance.  Apicia,  however,  became  a 
stock  name  for  certain  cakes  and  sauces, 
and  his  name  is  still  proverbial  in  all 
matters  of  gastronomy. 

There  was  another  of  the  name  in  the 
reign  of  Trajan,  who  wrote  a  cooking 
book  and  manual  of  sauces. 

No  Iirahmln  could  abominate  your  meal  more  than  I  do. 
Hlrtius  and  Apicius   would   have  blushed  for  it.     Hark 
Antony,  wtio  rotated  eigtit  whole  boars  for  supjier,  never 
1  more  at  u  meal  than  you  have  done. — Cumber- 
land, The  Fathionable  Lover,  i.  1  (17SO). 

ApoUo,  the  sun,  in  Homeric  mytho- 
logy is  the  embodiment  of  practical 
wisdom  and  foresight,  of  swift  and  far- 
reaching  intelligence,  and  hence  of 
poetry,  music,  etc. 

The  Apollo  Belvidere,  that  is,  the  Apollo 
preserved  in  the  Belvidere  gallery  of  the 
Vatican, discovered  in  1503 amidst  the  ruins 
of  An'tium,  and  purchased  by  pope  Julius 
II.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  work  of 
Cal'aims,  a  Greek  sculptor  of  the  fifth 
century  B.C. 

The  Apollo  of  Actium  was  a  gigantic 
statue,  which  served  for  a  beacon. 

The  Apollo  of  Rhodes,  usually  called  the 
colossus,  was  a  gigantic  bronze  statue,  154 


APOLLY' >\'. 


45 


A<'1  I  LINK. 


feet  hie-h,   made   by   Charts,  a  pupil  of 
l.ysippus,  and  set  ii|>  B.C.  800. 

Animals  consecrah  'I  tn  A]k>IIo,  the  cock, 
:  cw,  Hie  grasshopper,  the  hawk,  the 

raven,  the  swan,  and  the  wolf. 

Apoll'yon,  king  of   the  bottomless 

Jit ;  Introduced  by  Bnnyan  in  his 
'ili/rim's  Progress.  A  poll  von  encounters 
Christian,  by  whom,  after  a  severe 
OODteet)  he  is  foiled  (1078). 

Apostle  or  Patron  Saint  of — 

*  i  sns,    St    Frumentius    (died    360).      HU    day, 

•  r  J7. 

AMf.  Felix  Neff(1798-18S8). 

AjfTioi  ii.  St.  Margaret  (.< I j <-*!  •-,-.r>).     Her  day,  July  20. 

AkI'kvmh,  St.  Hubert  (666-730). 

Aioikm  vns.  Gregory  of  Armenia  (256-331). 

CAOLIABI  [Sardinia),  81 

CuRVO,  St.  Bptrldloo  (fourth  century).     Ilia  day,  Decem- 
bai  14. 

F.vil.isii,  St  Aupiitlu  (died  VH);  St.  George  (died  290). 

ETHIOPIA,  St    1 runientius  (died  3*50).     Ilia    day,  Octo- 
ber 27. 

hUl  "MA,  St.  Kilinn  (died  R89).     Hl.idny,  July  8. 

Frkb  Tkadk.  Richard  Oobden  (1804  ISRS). 

ed!7S).     Hi,  .lay,  Octobers. 

Fkimanh.  St.  WUbrod  (657-738). 

,.eUi  (130-300)  ;   St  Martin  [318-387). 

(iKMiI.i.s.    St.     1'aul    (died    66).      11m    daya,    June    29, 
January  25. 
IA,  St.   Nino. 

(;>  KM  ANT,  Bt  Boniface  (680-755).     His  day.  .Tunc  5. 

Hir.iti.AMiKKM.  81  597)      HI   day,  JnneS. 

Hu.noakia.N8,     St    AiuuiamIiu    (died     628).      HU    day. 
January  22. 

Indianh,  Hartolnme  de  las  Caws  (1474-15K6) ;  Rev.  John 

Indies,  St  Francis  Xavlcr  (150«-15;2).     His  day.  Dccem- 

tat  & 
Inpipkmtt.  Voltaire  (l«?u  1778) 
Ik I8ii.  8t  Patrick  (37-.'-iy3).     His  .lay,  March  17. 
LlliKKTT.  Thomas  Jefferson,  third  president  of  tlie  0.8, 

|17«-1826). 

■  .    St    Paul;    St   Michael      Days,   January  25; 

NmiKKLANIis.  St.  Arniaiid  (5S9-679). 
Nkkth.  St  Ansimr  (Boi-stvii  j  Bernard  fillpln  (1517-1583). 
Padua,  St  Anthony  (11»5-1S31).     Hia  day.  Juna  13. 
Pahm.  St  Genevieve  (418  ''1-1.     Her  .lay.  January  3. 
I'kak,  W.  Bashaw,  no  called  from  bis  missionary  labours 

.n  Krbyshire  (1628-1702). 
PlCTK.  St.  Nlnlan. 

BODTTUa  Kkfiiiimkrs.  John  Knox  (1505-1572). 
f  I  the  tutelary  deity  Is)  Ceres. 

Cyril  (died  888).    His  day,  February  14. 

HU  day,  July  24. 
TiilrKHAM  k.    Fatlier  Bfathew  (1780  I 
Va.Nicit.  St.  Mark .  St.  Pa  \  ndrew  Justlnlant 

'!  irViday,  April  "  l  ST. 

Vmrkkiiirk.  St   I'aiili'niis  bishop  of  Vort  (B8 
W  ai.u.  St  David  (480-544).     Ilu  day.  M.ir.-li  1. 

Apostle  of  Free  Trade,  Richard 
Cobden    (1804-1866).     John    Bright   is 

also  so  called  (1H11-         ). 

Apostolic    Fathers    ( The    Fire) ; 
at   of     Rome,   llamabas,    Hernias, 
us,   and    Polycarp.    All    contem- 
porary with  the  apoet  Lea. 

Ap'potiser.  A  Scotchman  being  told 
that  the  birds  called  kittiewiaka  trere  ad- 
aairable  api  six  ol  them,  and 

then  complained   "ha  waa  do  hungrier 
than  he  m  ^is  before. 

Applo    [Prince    dAmaofa),    a   cure    for 


every  disorder. —  :  '..■■'   Enter* 

I  tits  (**  Ahmed  and  Pan-banon"). 

The  Kin*iing  Apple,  the  perfecl  rm» 
helli.-her  of  wit.  It  would  pennade  by 
its  smell  alone,  and  would  anal 
possessor  to  write  poetry  or  prose,  to 
make  people  laugh  or  cry,  and  discoursed 
such  excellent  inn-ic  as  to  nivi-h  every 
one. — Countess  D*  Annoy,  Fairy 
("Chery  and  FairsUr,"  I 

Apples  of  Sodom  (called  by  Wit- 
man,  oranges)  are  the  yellow  fruit  of 
the  osher  or  ashcy  tree.  Tacittu 
fory,  v.  7)  and  Joaephna  both  refer  to 
these  apples.  Thevenot  says,  "The 
fruit  is  lovely  [externally],  but  within  is 
full  of  ashes." 

The  fruit  of  the  osher  or  ashey  tree,  called  "  App>«  ..r 
Ornnpes  of  Sodom,"  resembles  a  smooth  apple  or  ..nncr, 
i  clusters  of  three  '»r  four  on  a  1  ' 

a    yellow    colour    when    ripe.     Upon    bclnc    struck    or 
pressed,   it  explodes  with  a  puff,  and  fa 
rind   and  a  few   fibres,    being   chiefly   fUled   with    air.— 
Gallery  of  Geography,  81L 

Like  to  the  apples  on  the  Dead  Sea  shore. 
All  ashes  to  the  taste. 

Byron,  Child*  Harold.  III.  S4. 

Appul'durcombe  (•»  ay?.),  the 
Isle  of  Wight.  The  word  is  a  com- 
pound otaptudre-combe  ("  valley  of  apple 
trees"),  and  not  U  pul  dur  y  cum  ("the 
lake  in  the  valley  "). 

April    Fool.       One    of   the    favour 
ite    London  jokes  was   to   Bend    green- 
horne  to  the  'lower,  "to  see  the  lions 
washed." — See  Dictionary  of  Phra 
Fable. 

April  8howers.  April  shotrerm 
brin-j  M<n  flowers, 

Swerl    I  I  I  sprlnc  Mar  (lowers. 

T.  Tusser,  BOO   /•  .oiti  a/  Good  JliuUindry.  inn.  (1557). 

Aquarius,  Sagittarius.  Mrs. 
Browning    laya    thai   "  Aqoarina ''  ia  a 

symbol    of    man    bearing,    and    "  • 
tarius  "  of  0  1  I 

and  active  forms  of  human  labour. 

Jfr*.       Two  pbant.vini  of  two  men. 
Adam.    On. 

Ai.1  10  tbe  end* 

of  manhoodi  curst  ■<  lai«xir. 
E.  B.  BrownliiK.  .1  /traiiui  of  BkOi  («S61>. 

A'quilant,     son    of     Olive'ro    and 
Sigiamunda;  a  knight  in  Charlen 
army.     He   araa  called  -1  his 

brother  Gryphon  "wWa^froi 

of      their       armour. — Arioal 
FuricMi  (l,rilt-.). 

A'quiline  (•'<  tj"/.),  Raymond'a  st*«i, 
.  Jeru- 

&tl-iii  /'(•/ir.r.-i/.  vii.  ( 1 

(Solinna,  Colnmella,  and  Vairo  relate 
how    the   l.u.-tutinaii   oaarea  "with  open 


AQUINIAN  SAGE. 


46 


ARC. 


mouth  against  the  breezes  held,  receive 
the  gales,  with  warmth  prolific  filled,  and 
thus  inspired,  their  swelling  wombs  pro- 
duce the  wondrous  offspring." — See  also 
Virgil,  Georgics,  iii.  266 

Aquin'ian  Sage.  Juvenal  is  so 
called,  because  he  was  bom  at  Aqui'num, 
in  Latium  (11.  A.D.  100). 

Arabella,  an  heiress  left  under  the 
guardianship  of  justice  I>ny.  Abel  Day, 
the  son  of  justice  Day,  aspires  to  her  hand 
and  fortune,  but  she  confers  both  with 
right  good  will  on  captain  Manly. — T. 
Knight,  The  Honest  Thieves. 

Arabia  Fe'lix  (''Ardby  the  blest"). 
This  name  is  a  blunder  made  by  British 
merchants,  who  supposed  that  the  precious 

commodities  of  India  bought  of  Arab 
trudcrs  were  the  produce  of  Arabia. 

AraTbian  Bird  (Ttie),  the  phcenix,  a 

marvellous  man,  one  sui  generis. 

0  Antony  I  o  tlmu  Arabian  bird  I 
Sliakesixaiie,  Antony  and  Cleoj'titra,  act  111.  K.  2. 

Arach'ne  (3  syl.),  a  spider,  a  weaver. 
1  Araehne's  labours,"  spinning  or  weav- 
ing. Arachm"  was  a  Lydian  maiden,  who 
challenged  Minerva  to  compete  with  her 
in  needle  tapestry,  and  Minerva  changed 
her  into  a  spider. 

No  orlfire  for  s  point 
As  subtle  as  Arachno  s  broken  woof 
To  enter. 
Bhakespeare,  Troiiut  and  Cratida,  act  r.  sc.  S  (1602). 

A'raf  (Al),  a  sort  of  limbo  between 
paradise  and  jchennam,  for  those  who 
die  without  sufficient  merit  to  deserve  the 
former,  and  without  sufficient  demerit  to 
deserve  the  latter.  Here  lunatics,  idiots, 
and  infants  go  at  death,  according  to  the 
Koran. 

Ar'afat  (Mount),  a  granite  hill,  fifteen 
miles  south-east  of  Mecca,  where  Adam, 
conducted  by  Gabriel,  inct  Eve,  after  a 
punitive  separation  of  200  years,  livery 
pilgrim  to  this  mount  enjoys  the  privileges 
of  a  Hadji. 

Aragnol,  the  son  of  Arachne  (the 
•'most  fine-fingered  of  all  workmen," 
turned  into  a  spider  for  presuming  to 
challenge  Minerva  to  a  contest  in  needle- 
work). Aragnol  entertained  a  secret  and 
deadly  hatred  against  prince  Clarion,  son 
of  Muscarol  the  fly-kin^  ;  and  weaving 
a  curious  net,  soon  caught  the  gay  young 
llutterer,  and  gave  him  his  death-wound 
by  piercing  him  under  the  left  wing. — 
Spenser,  Muiopotmos  or  Tlie  Butterfly's 
Fate  (1590). 

Aramin'ta,  the  wife  of  Moneytrap, 


and  friend  of  Clarissa  (wife  of  Gripe 
the  scrivener). — Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  The 
Confederacy  (1695). 

Aranza  (The  duke  of).  He  marries 
Juliana,  eldest  daughter  of  Balthazar. 
She  is  so  haughty,  arrogant,  and  over- 
bearing, that  after  the  marriage  he  takes 
her  to  a  mean  hut,  which  he  calls  his 
home,  and  pretends  to  be  only  a  peasant 
who  must  work  for  his  living,  and  gives 
his  bride  the  household  duties  to  perform. 
She  chafes  for  a  time,  but  firmness, 
manliness,  and  affection  win  the  day ; 
and  when  the  duke  sees  that  she  loves 
him  for  himself,  he  leads  her  to  his 
castle,  and  reveals  to  her  that  the  peasant 
husband  is  after  all  the  duke  of  Aranza. — 
J.  Tobin,  The  honeymoon  (180-1,). 

Ar'aphil  or  Ar'aphill,  the  poetic 
pseudonym    of    Wm.    Habington.      His 
lady-love,  Miss    Lucy  Herbert,  he   calls 
ira. 

Aras'pe8  (3  syl.),  king  of  Alexandria, 
who  joined  the  Egyptian  armament 
against  the  crusaders. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 

1'eliiered  (1575). 

Arba'ces  (3  syl.),  king  of  Ibe'ria,  in 
the  drama  called  A  Kma  or  no  King,  by 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1019). 

Arbate  (2  syl.),  governor  of  the  prince 
of  Ithaca,  in  Mobere's  comedy  La  J'rin- 
cesse  d'Elide  (1G04).  In  his  speech  to 
"Kuryle"  prince  of  Ithaca,  persuading 
him  to  love,  he  is  supposed  to  refer  'o 
Louis  XIV.,  then  26  years  of  age. 

Je  dirai  que  I'amour  sled  blen  a  vos  pared  .  .  . 

;  I  est  malaise  que,  aani  *tre  amoreui. 
Un  jeune  prince  soil  el  grand  et  geucreux. 

Act  L  1. 

Arbate,  in  Racine's  drama  of  Mithri- 
datc  (1673). 

ArTbiter  iETigantiee.  C.  Petro'- 
nius  was  appointed  dictator-in-chief  of 
the  imperial  pleasures  at  the  court  of 
Nero,  and  nothing  was  considered  eomme 
U  faut  till  it  had  received  the  sanction  cf 
this  Roman  beau  Urumrnel. 

fehold  the  new  Petronlua  of  the  dajr. 
The  arbiter  nf  pleasure  and  of  play. 
P.yron.  AaylM  Hurdt  and  ScottuA  Rn%4weri. 

Arbre  Sec,  a  tree  supposed  to  have 
dried  up  and  withered  when  our  Lord  was 
crucified. — Mtdusvai  'Tradition. 

Arbre  Sol  foretold,  with  audible 
voice,  the  place  and  manner  of  Alexander's 
death.  It  figures  in  all  the  fabulous 
legends  of  Alexander. 

Arc  (Joan  of),  or  Jeanne  la  Pucelle, 
the  "  Maid  of  Orleans,"  daughter  of  a 


ARCADES  AM  BO. 


4/ 


ARCHY  M'SARCASM. 


rustic  of  Pomre'my,  near  Vaucoulcurs,  in 
France.  She  was  servant  at  an  inn  when 
she  conceived  the  idea  of  li berating  France 
from  the  English.  Having  gained  ad- 
mission to  Charles  VII.,  she  was  sent  by 
him  to  raise  the  siege  of  Orleans,  and 
actually  succeeded  in  so  doing.  Schiller 
has  a  tragedy  on  the  subject,  Casimir 
Delavigne  an  elegy  on  her,  Southey  an 
epic  poem  on  her  life  and  death,  and 
Voltaire  a  burlesque. 

In  regard  to  her  death,  M.  Octave 
Delepiere.  in  his  Doute  Historiquc,  denies 
the  tradition  of  her  having  been  burnt  to 
death  at  Rouen  ;  and  Vignier  discovered 
in  a  family  muniment  chest  the  "contract 
of  marriage  between"  Robert  des  Armoise, 
might,  and  Jeanne  d'Arc,  sumanied  "The 
Maid  of  Orleans." 

Ar'cades  Ambo,  both  fools  alike  ; 
both  "  sweet  innocents  ; "  both  alike 
eccentric.  There  is  nothing  in  the  cha- 
racter of  Corydon  and  Thyrsis  (Virgil'B 
Eclogue,  vii.  4)  to  justify  this  disparaging 
application  of  the  phrase.  All  VirgO 
says  is  they  were  both  "in  the  flower  of 
their  youth,  and  both  Arcadians,  both 
equal  in  setting  a  theme  for  song  or  cap- 
ping it  epigrammatically  ; "  but  as  Ar- 
cadia was  the  least  intellectual  part  of 
Greece,  an  "Arcadian"  came  to  signify  a 
dunce,  and  hence  "Arcades  ambo"  re- 
ceived its  present  acceptation. 

Arca'dia,  a  pastoral  romance  by  sir 
rhilip  Sidney,  in  imitation  of  the  Dian'a 
of  Montemayor  (sixteenth  century). 

Arcala'us  (4  ml.),  an  enchanter  who 
bound  Am'adis  de  Caul  to  a  pillar  in  his 
courtyard,  and  administered  to  him  200 
stripes  with  his  horse's  bridle. — Amadia 
dc  Haul  (fifteenth  century). 

Arca'nos  (3  syl.),  a  noble  soldier, 
friend  of  Cas'silane  (3  syl.)  general  of 
Candy. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Archan'gel.  Burroughs,  the  puritan 
preacher,  called  Cromwell  "the  arch- 
angel that  did  battle  with  the  devil." 

Archas,  "the  loyal  subject"  of  the 
KreaJ  duke  of  Moscovia,  ami  general  of 
the  Moscovites.  His  son  is  colonel  Thco- 
don  . 

Tinmg  Archas,  son  of  the  general. 
Disguised  as  a  woman,  he  assumes  the 
Dame  of  Alimla. — Beaumont  and  Fletchi  r, 
Tk$  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Archbish'op  of  Grana'da  told  his 
secretary,  Gil  Bias,  when  he  hired  him, 
"Whenever  thou  shall  perceive  my  pea 


smack  of  old  age  and  my  genius  fla^, 
don't  fail  to  advertise  me  of  it.  Cor  I  don't 
trust  to  my  own  judgment,  which  may  be 
seduced  by  self-love."  After  a  fit  of 
apoplexy,  (iil  Bias  ventured  in  the  most 
delicate  manner  to  hint  to  his  grace  that 
"his  last  discourse  had  not  alto-ether 
the  energy  of  his  former  ones."  To  this 
the  archbishop  replied,  "You  are  yet  too 
raw  to  make  pp  per  distinctions.  Know, 
child,  that  I  never  composed  a  better 
homily  than  that  which  you  disapprove. 
Go,  tell  my  treasurer  to  give  you  100 
ducats.  Adieu,  Mr.  Gil  Bias;  1  wish 
you  all  manner  of  prosperity,  with  a  little 
more  taste."— Lesage,  Gil'  Bias,  vii.  3 
(1715). 

Ar'cher  (Francis),  friend  of  Aimwell. 
who  joins  him  in  fortune-hunting.  These 
are  the  two  "beaux."    Thomas  vis* 

Aimwell  marries  Dorinda,  the  danghtei 
of  lady  Bountiful.  Archer  hands  the 
deeds  and  property  taken  from  the  high- 
waymen to  sir  Charles  Freeman,  who 
takes  his  sister,  Mrs.  Sullen,  under  his 
charge  again.— George  Farquhar,  2 
Beaux'  Stratwjcm  (1707). 

Archibald  (John),  attendant  on  the 
duke  of  Argyle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Arckima'go,  the  reverse  of  holiness, 
and  therefore  Satan  the  father  of  lies 
and  all  deception.  Assuming  the  guise 
of  the  Red  Cross  Knight,  he  deceived 
Una;  and  under  the  guise  of  a  hermit,  he 
deceived  the  knight  himself.  Archimago 
is  introduced  in  bks.  i.  andii.  of  Spenser's 
Fairy  Queen,     The  poet  says: 

. .  .  ne  conkl  tako 
As  many  forms  Mid  ■QApM  In  xt-minc  wis© 
A-  BTI  r  PrOteO!  t"  lnms.  If  could  tn.iki'  : 

Bomttlmoa  ■  fowl,  ■ itlmai  «  Bali  In  lake, 

Now  like  a  f"X.  now  like  n.  <lr.u;.in  Ml. 

Spenser.  The  tarry  yu<cn,  I.  ii.  10  (151*0) 

^  Ar'chyM'Sar'casm(.^V),  "aproud 
Caledonian  knight,  whoso  tongue,  like  the 
dart  of  death,  Bpares  neither  sex  imragc . . . 

His  insolence  of  family  and  licentious- 
ness of  wit  gained  him  the  contempt  of 
every  one"  (i.  1).  Sir  Archy  tells  Char- 
lotte, "  In  the  house  of  M'Sarcasm  are 
twa  barons,  three  viscounts,  six  earls,  ane 
marquisate.  and  twa  dukes,  besides  baro- 
nets and  lairds  oot  n'  a'  reckoning  "  (i.  I). 
He  makes  love  to  Charlotte  Goodchild, 
but  supposing  it    to    be  true    that   she 

has  lost  her  fortune,  declares   t<>  her  that 

he  has  ju.-t  received  letters  "  frae  the 
dukes,  the  marquis,  and  a'  the  dignitaries 
oi  Hi.  family  .  .  .  expressly  prohibiting 
bis  contaminating  the  blood  of  M'Sarca.-.u> 


ARCHYTAS. 


48 


ARETHUSA. 


wi'  onything  sprang  from  a  hogshead  or 
a  coonting- house  "  (ii.  1). 

The  man  has  something  droll,  something  ridiculous  In 
hlnL  His  abominable  Bcotcb  accent,  bis  grotesque  visage 
almost  buried  in  snuff,  the  roll  of  bis  eyes  and  twist  of  his 
mouth,  bis  strange  Inhuman  laugh,  his  tremendous  perl- 
wig,  and  his  manners  altogether— why,  one  might  tike  him 
for  a  mountebank  doctor  at  a  Dutch  fair. — C.  Mackliu, 
Love  d-la-mode.  i.  1  (1779). 

Sir  Archy's  Grcat-yrandmother .  Sir 
Archy  M 'Sarcasm  insisted  on  fighting  sir 
Callaghau  O'Hrallaghan  on  a  point  of 
ancestry.  The  Scotchman  said  that  the 
Irish  are  a  colony  from  Scotland,  "an 
ootcast,  a  mere  ootcast."  The  Irishman 
retorted  by  saying  that  "one  Mac  Fergua 
O'ltrallaghan  went  from  Carrickfergus, 
and  peopled  all  Scotland  with  his  own 
hands."  Charlotte  [Goodchild]  inter- 
posed, and  asked  the  cause  of  the  con- 
tention, whereupon  sir  Callaghan  replied, 
"  Madam,  it  is  about  sir  Archy's  great- 
grandmother." — C.  Macklin,  Love  a-la- 
mode,  i.  1  (1779). 

We  shall  not  now  stay  to  quarrel  about  sir  Archy's 
great  grandmother. — Macphersou,  Diuertalton  upon 
Onion. 

Archy'tas  of  Tarentum  made  a 
wooden  pigeon  that  could  fly;  and  Regio- 
monta'nus,  a  German,  made  a  wooden 
eagle  that  flew  from  Koenigsherg  to  meet 
the  emperor,  and,  having  saluted  him, 
returned  whence  it  set  out  (1430-147(5). 

This  engine  may  be  contrived  from  the  same  principles 
by  which  Archytas  made  a  wooden  dove,  and  Kegiuinon- 
tanus  a  wooden  eagle. — Dr.  John  Wilkins  (1G14-Ib7-). 

Ar'cite  (2  syl.)  and  Paramon,  two 
Thc-ban  knights,  captives  of  duke  The- 
seus, who  used  to  see  from  their  dungeon 
window  the  duke's  sister-in-law,  Emily, 
taking  her  airing  in  the  palace  garden, 
and  fell  in  love  with  her.  Uoth  captives 
having  gained  their  liberty,  contended 
for  the  lady  by  single  combat.  Arcite 
was  victor,  but  being  thrown  from  his 
horse  was  killed,  and  Emily  became  the 
bride  of  Palamon. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Knight's  Tale,"  1388). 

Richard  Edwards  in  15<>G  produced  a 
drama  entitled  Palamon  and  Arcite. 

Arcit'enens,  the  zodiacal  sign  called 
the  Archer. 

Sunt  Aries,  Taurus,  Gemini,  Cancer,  Leo,  Virgo, 
Libraji<«,  Scorpius,  Arcitenens,  Caper,  Amphora,  Pisces. 

Ar'den  (Enoch),  the  hero  of  a  poetic 
tale  by  Tennyson.  He  is  a  seaman 
wrecked  on  a  desert  island,  who  returns 
home  after  the  absence  of  several  years, 
and  finds  his  wife  married  to  another. 
Soeing  her  both  happy  and  prosperous, 
Enoch  resolves  not  to  mar  her  domestic 
peace,  so  he  leaves  her  undisturbed,  and 
dies  of  a  broken  heart. 


Ar'den  of  Fev'ersham,  a  noble  cha- 
racter, honourable,  forgiving,  affectionate, 
and  modest.  His  wife  Alicia  in  ber  sleep 
reveals  to  him  her  guilty  love  for  Mosby, 
but  he  pardons  her  on  condition  that 
she  will  never  see  the  seducer  again. 
Scarcely  has  she  made  the  promise 
when  she  plots  with  Mosby  her  hus- 
band's murder.  In  a  planned  street- 
seutfle,  Mosby  pretends  to  take  Arden's 
jiart,  and  thus  throws  him  off  his 
guard.  Arden  thinks  he  has  wronged 
him,  and  invites  him  to  his  house,  bat 
Mosby  conspires  with  two  hired  ruffians 
tti  fall  on  hi3  host  during  a  game  of 
draughts,  the  right  moment  being  signified 
by  Mosby'a  saying,  "  Now  I  take  you." 
Arden  is  murdered  ;  but  the  whole  gang 
is  apprehended  ami  brought  to  justice. 

(This  drama  is  based  on  a  murder 
which  took  place  in  [661.  Lodwig  Tieck 
has  translated  the  play  into  German,  as  a 
genuine  production  of  Shakespeare.  Some 
ascribe  the  [day  to  George  Lillo,  but 
Charles  Lasnb  gives  L6M  as  the  date  of 
its  production,  and  says  the  author  is 
unknown.) 

Ardenne  (Wider  of).  This  watt* 
had  the  power  of  converting  love  to  hate. 
The  fountain  was  made  by  Merlin,  to  cure 
sir  Tristram  of  his  love  for  Isolt  (but  sir 
Tristram  never  drank  of  it).  It  is  men- 
tioned by  Bojardo  in  Orlando  Innamorato. 
Nepenthe  (3  syl.)  had  the  contrary  effect, 
vis.,  turning  hatred  to  love.  (Set  Ni- 
PKHTBB.) 

.  .  .  that  same  water  of  Ardenna, 

The  which  Klnnldo  drank  In  nappy  hour, 

Detcril>4M  by  that  famous  Tuscan  pen. 

...  It  had  the  power  to  change  the  hearts  of  men 

Fro'  love  to  hate. 

Spenser.  The  Fafry  Queen,  It.  3  (1W6). 

Ardven,  west  coast  of  Scotland 
(Argyleshire  and  its  vicinity). 

"  rn\"  .  .  .  said  Starno  ;  "  go  to  Arrlven's  sea-surrounded 
rocks.  Tell  the  king  of  Selma  [/'i/wiW.  the  en,  itnl  a/ 
vfun.-  kingdom  was  Scfsna]  ...  1  give  to  lum  im  daugh- 
ter, the  liveliest  maid  that  ever  heaved  a  breast  of  enow. 
Her  arms  arc  white  as  the  foam  of  my  waves.  Iter  soul 
U  generous  and  mild." — Ouian  ("Fingal,"  ULL 

Areous'ki,  the  Indian  war-god,  war, 

tumult. 

A  cry  of  AreouAl  broke  our  steep. 
Campbell.  (Jiitrude  0/  Wyoming.  L  16  [1808). 

Arethu'sa,  daughter  of  the  king 
Messi'na,  in  the  drama  called  Philaster  or 
Love  Lies  a-bleediny,  bv  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  (1638). 

Arethusa,  a  nymph  pursued  by  Al- 
pheos  the  river-god,  and  changed  into  a 
fountain  in  the  island  of  Ortygia  ;  but 
the  river-god  still  pursued  her,  and 
mingled  hip    stream   with    the   fountain. 


ARETHUSE. 


49 


ARGILLAN. 


and  now,  "like  friends  once  parted 
grown  single-hearted,"  they  leap  and 
flow  and  slumber  together,  "  like  spmt3 
that  love  but  live  no  more."  p 

%•  This  fable  has  been  exquisitely 
turned  into  poetry  by  Percy  B.  Shelley 
(Arethusa,  1820). 

Arcthu'se  (4  syl.),  a  Syracusian 
fountain,    especially   noted    because    the 

Soet  Thioc'ntos  was  born  on  its  banks. 
[ilton  alludes  to  it  in  his  Lyc'idas,  v.  85. 

Argali'a.  brother  of  Angelica,  in 
AriosU'a  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Ar'gan,  the  malndc  imagmaire  and 
father  of  Angelique.  He  is  introduced  tax- 
ing his  apothecary's  bills,  under  the  con- 
viction that  he  cannot  afford  to  be  sick 
at  the  prices  charged,  but  then  he  notices 
that  he  has  already  reduced  his  bills 
during  the  current  month,  and  is  not  so 
well.  He  first  hits  upon  the  plan  of 
marrying  Angelique  to  a  young  doctor, 
but  to  this  the  lady  objects.  His  brother 
suggests  that  Argan  himself  should  be 
his  own  doctor,  and  when  the  invalid 
replies  he  has  not  studied  either  diseases, 
drugs,  or  Latin,  the  objection  is  over- 
ruled by  investing  the  "  malade "  in  a 
doctor's  cap  and  robe.  The  piece  con- 
cludes with  the  ceremonial  in  macaronic 
Latin. 

%*  When  Argan  asks  his  doctor  how 
many  grains  of  salt  he  ought  to  eat  with 
an  egg,  the  doctor  answers,  "  Six,  huit, 
dix,  etc.,  par  les  nombres  pairs,  comme 
dans  les  medicaments  par  le.s  nombres 
impairs." — Moliere,  Le Malade  Imaginaire, 
ii.  9  (1073). 

Argan'te  (3  syl.),  a  giantess  called 
"  the  very  monster  and  miracle  of  lust." 
She  and  her  twin-brother  Ollyphant  or 
Oliphant  were  the  children  of  TyphoB'us 
and  Earth.  Argante  used  to  carry  off 
young  men  as  her  captives,  and  seized 
"the  Squire  of  Dames"  as  one  of  her 
victims.  The  squire,  who  was  in  fact 
Rritomart  (the  heroine  of  chastity),  was 
delivered  by  sir  Sat'yrane  (3  syl.).— 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  7  (1590). 

Argante'  (2  syl.),  father  of  Octave  (2 
syl.)  and  Zerbinette  (3  syl.).  He  pro- 
to  give  bus  daughter  Zerbinette  t.. 
Leandre  ("J  syl.),  the  son  of  his  friend 
Geronte  (2  syl.) ;  but  during  bis  absence 
•broad  the  young  people  fall  in  love 
onknown  to  thrir  respective  fathers. 
Both  fathers  storm,  ami  threaten  to  break 
oil'  the  engagement,  but  are  delighted 
beyond  measure  when  they  discover  that 


the  choice  of  the  young  people  has  un- 
knowingly coincided  with  their  own.— 
Moliere,  Les  Fourberies  de  Seapin  (1671). 

(Thomas  Otway  has  adapted  this  play 
to  the  English  stage,  and  called  it  The 
Cheats  of  Slcapin.  "  Argante  "  he  calls 
Thrift'/;  H Geronte"  is  Qripe;  "Zerbi- 
nette" he  calls  Lucia;  and  "Leandre" 
he  Anglicises  into  Leander.) 

Argan'tes  (3  syl.),  a  Circassian  of 
high  rank  and  undoubted  courage,  but 
fierce  and  a  great  detester  of  the  Naza- 
renes.  Argantes  and  Solyman  were  un- 
doubtedly the  bravest  hcroe3  of  the 
infidel  host.  Argantes  was  slain  by 
Rinaldo,  and  Solyman  by  Tancred. — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Bonaparte  stood  before  the  deputies  like  the  Argantai 
of  Italy's  heroic  poet. — Sir  W.  Scott. 

Ar'genis,  a  political  romance  by 
Barclay  (1621). 

Ar'genk  (The  halls  of).  Here  are 
portraved  all  the  various  creatures  that 
inhabited  this  earth  before  the  creation  of 
Adam.— W.  Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Ar'geiltile  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  king 
Adelbnght,  and  ward  of  Edel.  Curan,  a 
Danish  prince,  in  order  to  woo  her,  became 
a  drudge  in  her  house,  but  being  obliged 
to  quit  her  sen-ice,  became  a  shepherd. 
Edel,  the  guardian,  forcing  his  suit  on 
Argentile,  compelled  her  to  flight,  and 
she  became  a  neatherd's  maid.  In  this 
capacity  Curan  wooed  and  won  her. 
Edel  wits  forced  to  restore  the  possessions 
of  his  ward,  and  Curan  became  king  of 
Northumberland.  As  for  Edel,  he  WU 
put  to  death. — William  Warner,  Albion's 
England  (1586). 

Ar'gentin  (Le  sienr  cT),  one  of  tbu 
officers  of  the  duke  of  Burgundy. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier stein  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Arge'o,  baron  of  Servia  and  husband 
of  Gabrina.     (See   Did  I'hras* 

and  Fable.)— Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Arges'tes  (3  syl.),  the  west  wind. 

■ 

Ucenaad  thai  ki»  to  lo.no  lib  dungeon, 
MeekU  aiun  lad. 
Wm.  Browns,  Brttaxmta'i  Ponorait.  II.  5  (ISIS). 

Ar i<s't<-s  (8  syl.),  the  north-east  wind  ; 
Cae'cias,  the  north-west;  Bo'reas,  the  full 
north. 

Boreas  »nd  (Veins  »nd  Ameste*  loud 
.  .  .  rend  the  ■  i|.iurn. 

fctOtOD,  l-j ■  .  ■        .:  etc   ;i<i83). 

Ar'gillan,  a  haughty,  turbulent 
knight,  born  uii  the  bankb  of  the  Trent. 


ARGON  AND  RURO. 


50 


ARIMASPIANS. 


He  induced  the  Latians  to  revolt,  was 
arrested,  made  his  escape,  but  was  ulti- 
mately slain  in  battle  by  Solyman. — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  viii.  ix. 
(1575). 

Argon  and  Ruro,  the  two  sons  of 
Annin  king  of  Inis-thona,  an  island  of 
Scandinavia.  Cor'malo,  a  neighbouring 
chief,  came  to  the  island,  and  asked  for 
the  honour  of  a  tournament.  Argon 
granted  the  request,  and  overthrew  him, 
and  this  so  vexed  Cormalo  that  during  a 
hunt  he  shot  both  the  brothers  with  his 
bow.  Their  dog  Bono,  running  to  the 
hall,  howled  so  as  to  attract  attention,  and 
Annin,  following  the  hound,  found  his 
two  sons  both  dead.  On  his  return  he 
discovered  that  Cormalo  had  run  oil  with 
his  daughter.  Oscar,  son  of  Ossian,  slew 
Cormalo  in  fight,  and  restored  the  daugh- 
ter to  her  father. — Ossian  ("The  War  of 
Inis-thona"). 

Arg'uri  (in  Russian  Armenia),  tra- 
ditionally where  Noah  first  planted  the 
vine.   {Argh  urri,  "he  planted  the  vine.") 

Ar'gus,  the  turf-writer,  was  Irwin 
■\Yilles,  who  died  in  1871. 

Argyle'  {Mac  Callum  More,  duke  of), 
in  the  reign  of  George  I. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Hob  Hoy  (1818). 

Mac  Callum  More,  marqnie  of  Argyle,  In  the  reign  of 
Chiirlcs  I.,  wns  commander  of  the  parliamentary  forces,  ami 
is  called  "Gillespie  Grunmch ; "  be  disguises  nil 
assumes  the  name  of  Murdoch  Campbell. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (1819). 

(Duke  and  duchess  of  Argyle  are  intro- 
duced also  in  the  Heart  of  Midlothian,  by 
sir  W.  Scott,  1818.) 

Ariad'ne  (4  syl.),  daughter  of  Minos 
king  of  Crete.  She  gave  Theseus  a  clew 
of  thread  to  guide  him  out  of  the  Cretan 
labyrinth.  Theseus  married  his  deliverer, 
but  when  he  arrived  at  Naxos  {Did)  for- 
sook her,  and  she  hung  herself. 

Surely  it  is  nn  Ariadnfi.  .  .  .  There  is  dawning  woman- 
hood in  every  line ;  but  she  knows  nothing  of  Naxos. — 
Ouida,  Ariadne,  i.  1. 

Aria'na,  an  ancient  name  of  Khoras- 
ean,  in  Persia. 

Ar'ibert,  king  of  the  Lombards  (653- 
661),  left  "no  male  pledge  behind,"  but 
only  a  daughter  named  Rhodalind,  whom 
he  wished  duke  Gondibert  to  marry,  but 
the  duke  fell  in  love  with  Bertha,  daugh- 
ter of  As'tragon,  the  sage.  The  tale 
being  unfinished,  the  sequel  is  not  known. 
— Sir  W.  Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Arico'nium,  Kenchester,  in  Here- 
ford, on  the  Ine.    Here  Oil'a  had  a  palace. 


In  poetry,  Ariconium  means  Hereford- 
shire, noted  for  its  wool. 

I  [  Hermit]  conduct 
The  English  merchant,  with  Uie  buxom  Seeee 
Of  fertile  Ariconium.  white  I  clothe 
Sarmatian  kings  [  Voland  and  Huetia\ 

Akenside,  IJytnn  to  the  JTuimdt 

Arideus  [A.rce'.de.us'],  a  herald  in 
the  Christian  army. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delinked  (1575). 

A'riel,  in  The  Tempest,  an  airy  spirit, 
able  to  assume  any  shape,  or  even  to  be- 
come invis-ible.  He  was  enslaved  to  the 
witch  Syc'orax,  mother  of  Cal'iban,  who 
overtasked  the  little  thing,  and  in  punish- 
ment for  not  doing  what  was  beyond  his 
strength,  imprisoned  him  for  twelve  years 
in  the  rift  of  a  pine  tree,  where  Caliban 
delighted  to  torture  him  with  impish 
cruelty.  Prospero,  duke  of  Milan  and 
father  of  Miranda,  liberated  Ariel  from 
the  pine-rift,  and  the  grateful  spirit  served 
the  duke  for  sixteen  years,  when  he  vaa 
set  free. 

And  like  Ariel  In  the  cloren  pine  tree. 
For  its  freedom  groans  and  sighs. 

Longfellow,  The  Uoidm  MUeitvm*. 

A'riel,  the  sylph  in  Pope's  Rape  of  tht 
Lock.  The  impersonation  of  "  line  life  " 
in  the  abstract,  the  nice  adjuster  of  hearts) 
and  necklaces.  'When  disobedient  he  is 
punished  by  being  kept  hovering  over 
the  fumes  of  the  chocolate,  or  is  trans- 
fixed with  pins,  clogged  with  pomatums, 
or  wedged  in  the  eyes  of  bodkins. 

A'riel,  one  of  the  rebel  angels.  The 
word  means  "the  Lion  of  God."  Abdiel 
encountered  him,  and  overthrew  him. — 
Milton,  Pardise  Lost,  vi.  371  (1665). 

Ariman'es  (4  syl.),  the  prince  of  the 
powers  of  evil,  introduced  by  Byron  in  his 
drama  called  Manfred.  The  Persians 
recognized  a  power  of  good  and  a  power 
of  evil :  the  former  Yezad,  and  the  latter 
Ahriman  (in  Greek,  Oroma'zes  and  Ari- 
man'nis).  These  two  spirits  are  ever  at  war 
with  each  other.  Oromazes  created  tweDty- 
four  good  spirits,  and  enclosed  them  in  an 
egg  to  be  out  of  the  power  of  Arimanes  ; 
but  Arimanes  pierced  the  shell,  and  thus 
mixed  evil  with  every  good.  However, 
a  time  will  come  when  Arimanes  shall  be 
subjected,  and  the  earth  will  become  a 
perfect  paradise. 

Arimas'pians,  a  one-eyed  people  of 
Scythia,    who   adorned   their    hair    with 

gold.  As  gold  mines  were  guarded  by 
ryphons,  there  were  perpetual  conten- 
tions between  the  A  rim  avians  and  the 
Gryphons.     (See  Gkypiion.) 

Aruiuiopl.  quos  diximus  uno  uculo  in  front*  media  life 


ARIOCH. 


51 


ARISTOMEXES. 


■spies;  qulbus  assldue  helium  esse  circa  n.etalla  cum 
(Typhis,  Nnrum  v .In-  ri  Kenere.  quale  vulgo  traditur, 
ernente  ex  cunJcolll  surura,  mire  cupiditate  e!  ferts  custo- 
dientihus.  ct  Ariinas|.is  raplentlbus,  multl,  sed  maxlme 
Mustres  Herodotus  Bt  Aristeas  l'ruconnesiua  scribuut. — 
I'll..),  flat.  Hi*,  vii.  i. 

Ar'ioch  ("a  fierce  lion"),  one  of  the 
fallen  angels  overthrown  l>y  Abdiel. — 
Milton,  J'aradise  Lust,  vi.  3?I  (1665). 

Ariodan'tes  (5  syl.),  the  beloved  of 
Geneu'ra,  a  Scotch  princess.  Geneura 
being  licensed  of  incontinence,  Ariodantes 
stood  forth  her  champion,  vindicated  her 
innocence,  and  married  her. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Ari'ori.  William  Falconer,  author  of 
T/i6  Shipwreck,  speaks  of  himself  under 
this  nam  de  plume  (canto  iii.).  He  was 
Bent  to  sea  when  a  lad,  and  says  he  was 
eager  to  investigate  the  "antiquities  of 
foreign  states."  He  was  junior  officer  in 
the  Britannia,  which  was  wrecked  against 
the  projecting  verge  of  cape  Colonna,  the 
most  southern  point  of  Attica,  and  was 
the  only  officer  who  survived. 

lliy  woes,  Arion,  and  thy  simple  tale 

Oct  all  the  hearts  .shall  triumph  and  prevail. 

Campbell,  Planum*  o/  Hope,  ii.  (1799). 

Ari'on,  a  Greek  musician,  who,  to  avoid 
being  murdered  for  his  wealth,  threw 
himself  into  the  sea,  and  was  carried  to 
Tse'naros  on  the  back  of  a  dolphin. 

Ari'on,  the  wonderful  horse,  which  Her- 
cules gave  to  Adrastos.  It  had  the  gift 
of  human  speech,  and  the  feet  on  the  right 
side  were  the  feet  of  a  man. 

(One  of  the  masques  in  sir  W.  Scott's 
Kcnilworth  is  called  "  Arion.") 

Ario'sto  of  the  North,  sir  Walter 
Scott  (1771-1832). 

And,  like  the  Arlosto  of  the  North, 
Sang  ladye-love  and  war,  romance  and  knightly  worth. 
Byron,  Childe  Harold,  lv.  40. 

Aristae'tis,  protector  of  vines  and 
olives,  huntsmen  and  herdsmen,  lie  in- 
structed man  also  in  the  management  of 
bees,  taught  him  by  his  mother  Cyrene. 

In  such  a  palace  Arlsta-us  found 
Cyreno,  when  he  bore  the  plaintive  tale 
Of  his  lost  bees  to  her  maternal  car. 
Cowper,  The  Ice  1'aiace  o/  A  MM  of  Huttia. 

Aristar'chus,  any  critic.  Aristar- 
chus  of  Samotfarace  was  the  greatest  critic 
o)  antiquity.  His  labours  wore  chiefly 
directed  m.  the //<<«/ and  Odyssey  oi  Bomer. 
Be  divided  them  into  twenty-four  books 
each,  marked  every  doubtful  line  with  an 
•belOS,     and     every     one     he    considered 

illy    beautiful    with    an    asterisk. 

(Fl.  li.c.   158  ;   died  aged  72.) 

The  wltolr  ragfeo  ..f  I.JIe.  Intro*  tail  nii.l.  r  mi  DUpaC* 
Mun  .  .  .  Tbure.  tin,  like   uuiUin    A  uuuli,   1  duill  out 


fame  and  damnation  at  pleasure. — Samuel  Foote,  The 
Liar,  i.  L 

"  How,  friend,"  replied  the  archbishop,  "  has  It  [tht 
homily)  met  with  any  ArUtarchus  [tever*  critic}!"— 
Lcsage,  Oil  /Hat,  vii.  4  11715). 

Ariste  (2  syl.),  brother  of  Chrysale 
(2  syl.),  not  a  savant,  but  a  practical 
tradesman.  He  sympathizes  with  Hen- 
riette,  his  womanly  niece,  against  his 
sister-in-law  Philaminte  (3  syl.)  and  her 
daughter  Armande  (2  8yl.).  who  are 
femmes  savantes. — Moliere,  Lis  Femme* 
Savantes  (1672). 

Ariste'as,  a  poet  who  continued  to 
appear  and  disappear  alternately  foi  above 
400  years,  and  who  visited  all  the  mythi- 
cal nations  of  the  earth.  When  not  in 
the  human  form,  he  took  the  form  of  a> 
stag. — Greek  Legend, 

Aristi'des  (The  British),  Andrew 
Marvell,  an  influential  member  of  the 
House  of  Commons  in  the  reign  of  <  harles 
II.  He  refused  every  offer  of  promotion, 
and  a  direct  bribe  tendered  to  him  by  the 
lord  treasurer.  Dying  in  great  poverty, 
he  was  buried,  like  ArisUdcs,  at  the  public 
expense  (1620-1678). 

Aristip'pos,  a  Greek  philosopher  of 
Cyre'nu,  who  studied  under  Soc'raUs,  and 
set  up  a  philosophic  school  of  his  own, 
called  "he'donisin"  (>o.ur,  "pleasure"). 

%*  C.  M.  Wieland  has  an  historic 
novel  in  German,  called  Aristippus,  in 
which  he  sets  forth  the  philosophical 
dogmas  of  this  Cyrenian  (1733-lM.ij. 

An  axiom  of    Aristippoa    was   Ommt 
Arittijipum  decuit  color,  et  status,  ct  res 
(Horace,  Epitt.  i.  17,  28)  ;  and  hu 
precept  was  Mihi  res,  non  me  relnis  aub- 
junyCre  (Horace,  Epist,  i.  1,  18). 

I  am  a  sort  of  Aristippus,  and  can  equally  acrommodat* 
myself  to  company  and  solitude,  to  atlluence  and  frugality 
— Usage,  UU  Mat,  v.  12  (1716). 

Aristobu'lus,   called    by    Drayton 

Aristob'ulus  (Bum.  xvi.  10),  and  said  to 
be  the  first  that  brought  to  England  the 
"glad  tidings  of  salvation."  He  was 
murdered  by  the  Britons. 

The  first  that  am  toU  Christ  i  mdftad  to  us, 
i:v  Pan]  and  P*tars>ot,Jiat  Arutubuius  .  .  . 

By  the  l.rilon..  murdered  was. 

Drayton,  ftasyalHass,  nrr.  (lCSSL 

Aristom'enes  (5  syl.),  a  young  Mes- 
Beniau  of  the  royal  Line,  the  "'  id"  oi 

ancient  Messe'nia.  On  on«  occasion  lie 
entered   Sparta   by  night  to  suspend  a 

shield   from    the    temple    of    l'allas.      Ol» 

the  shield  were  inscribed  these  words. 
" Aristomenea  from   the  E  ■    spoil* 

dedicates  this  to  the  goddess." 

*„*   A  similar  tale  ib  '-old  of   Ferruindo 


ARISTOPHANES. 


62 


ARMSTRONG. 


Perez  del  Pulgar,  when  Herring  under 
Ferdinand  of  Castile  at  the  siege  of 
Grana'da.  With  fifteen  companions  ho 
entered  Granada,  then  in  the  power  of  the 
Moors,  and  nailed  to  the  door  of  the 
principal  mosque  with  his  dagger  a  tablet 
inscribed  "Ave  Maria!"  then  galloped 
back,  before  the  guards  recovered  from 
their  amazement. — Washington  Irving, 
Conquest  of  Granada,  91. 

Aristoph'anes  (5  syl.),  a  Greek 
who  wrote  fifty-four  comedies,  eleven  of 
which  have  survived  to  the  present  day 
(b.c.  444-380).  He  is  called  "The  Prince 
of  Ancient  Comedy,"  and.  Menader 
"The  Prince  of  New  Comedy"  (rs.c. 
342-291). 

Tlie  English  or  Modern  Aristophanes, 
Samuel  Foote  (1722-1777). 

The  French  Aristojihmies,  .T.  Daptiste 
Poquelin  de  Moliere  (1622-1073). 

Aristotle.  The  mistress  of  this 
philosopher  was  Ilepyllis  ;  of  Plato, 
Arohionassa;  and  of  Epicurus,  Leontium. 

Aristotle  of  China,  Tehuhe,  who  died 
A.I).  1200,  called  "The  Prince  of  Science." 

Aristotle  of  Christianity,  Tlios.  Aqui'nas, 
who  tried  to  reduce  the  doctrines  of  faith 
to  syllogistic  formula  (1224-1274). 

Aristotle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century, 
George  Cuvier,  the  naturalist  (1709-1832). 

Ar'istotle  in  Love.  Godfrey  Gobi- 
lyve  told  sir  Graunde  Amoure  that  Aris- 
totle the  philosopher  was  once  in  love,  and 
the  lady  promised  to  listen  to  his  prayer 
if  he  would  grant  her  request.  The  terms 
being  readily  accepted,  she  commanded 
him  to  go  on  all  fours,  and  then,  putting 
a  bridle  into  his  mouth,  mounted  on  his 
back,  and  drove  him  about  the  room  till 
he  was  so  angry,  weary,  and  disgusted, 
that  he  was  quite  cured  of  his  foolish  at- 
tachment.— Stephen  Hawes,  The  Tastime 
of  Plesure,  xxix.  (1555). 

Armado  (Don  Adriano  de),  a  pom- 
pous, affected  Spaniard,  called  "  a  re- 
fined traveller,  in  all  the  world's  new 
fashion  planted,  that  had  a  mint  of 
phrases  in  his  brain.  One  whom  the 
music  of  his  own  vain  tongue  did  ravish." 
This  man  was  chosen  by  Ferdinand,  the 
'  king  of  Navarre,  when  he  resolved  to 
j  spend  three  years  in  study  with  three 
companions,  to  relate  in  the  interim  of 
his  studies  "  in  high-born  words  the 
worth  of  many  a  knight  from  tawny 
Spain  lost  in  the  world's  debate." 

rtis  humour  Is  lofty,  his  discourse  peremptory,  his 
kmgut)  filed,  bis  eye  aiubUiuus,  his  call  majestic*],  ami 


his  general  behaviour  rain,  ridiculous,  and  thrasonical.  . . . 
He  lira  wet  b  out  the  thread  of  his  verbosity  liner  tluui  the 
staple  ofhis argument — Shakes peare.icw'i  Labour' t  Lott, 
act  v.  sc  1  (1504). 

Armande  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Chry- 
sale  (2  syl.)  and  sister  of  Henriette. 
Armande  is  a  femme  savante,  and  Hen- 
riette a  "thorough  woman."  Both  love 
Clitandre,  but  Armande  loves  him  pla- 
tonicly,  while  Henriette  loves  him  with 
womanly  affection.  Clitandre  prefers  the 
younger  sister,  and  after  surmounting  the 
usual  obstacles,  marries  her. — Moliere, 
Lcs  Fcmmes  Savantes  (1672). 

Armi'da,  a  sorceress,  who  seduces 
Itiimldoand  other  crusaders  from  the  siege 
of  Jerusalem.  Kinaldo  is  conducted  by  her 
to  her  splendid  palace,  where  he  forgets  his 
vows,  and  abandons  himself  to  sensual 
joys.  Carlo  and  Ubaldo  are  sent  to  bring 
him  back,  and  he  escapes  from  Armida; 
but  she  follows  him,  and  not  being  able 
to  allure  him  back  again,  sets  fire  to  her 
palace,  rushes  into  the  midst  of  the  fight, 
and  is  slain. 

f  Julia's]  small  hand 
Withdrew  Itself  from  his,  but  lilt  Iwhlud 
A  little  pressure  .  .  .  but  ne'er  magician's  wand 
Wrought  change  with  all  Annlda'i  fairy  art. 
Like  what  this  light  touch  left  on  Juan's  heart 

l;>r<'ii,  l*on  Juan,  i.  7L 

When  the  young  queen  of  Frederick 
William  of  Prussia  rode  about  in  military 
costume  to  incite  the  Prussians  to  arms 
against  Napoleon,  the  latter  wittily  said, 
"  She  is  Armida  in  her  distraction  setting 
lirr  to  her  own  palace." 

(Both  Gluck  and  Rossini  have  taken 
the  story  of  Armida  as  the  subject  of  an 
opera.) 

Anni'da's  Girdle.  Armida  had  an  en- 
chanted girdle,  which,  "  in  price  and 
beauty,"  surpassed  all  her  other  orna- 
ments ;  even  the  cestus  of  Venus  was  le?9 
costly.  It  told  her  everything;  "and 
when  she  would  be  loved,  she  wore  the 
same." — lasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (lb7b). 

Arm'strong  (John),  called  "The 
Laird's  Jock."  lie  is  the  laird  of  Man- 
gerton.  This  old  warrior  witnesses  a 
national  combat  in  the  valley  of  Liddes- 
dale,  between  his  son  (the  Scotch  chief- 
tain) and  Foster  (the  English  champion), 
in  which  young  Armstrong  is  overthrown. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  laird's  Jock  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Armstromj  (Grace),  the  bride-elect  of 
Hobbie  Elliot  of  the  hcugh-foot,  a  voung 
farmer.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  "Dvoarj 
(time,  Anne). 

Annstiunj    (Archie),    court   jeater    t» 


ARNAUT. 


63 


ARROW  SHOT  A  MILE. 


fameo  I.,  introduced  in  The  Fortunes  of 
Niyel,  by  sir  Walter  Scott  (1822). 

Ar'naut,  an  Albanian  mountaineer. 
The  word  means  "a  brave  man." 

Stained  with  the  best  of  Arnaut  blond. 

Byron,  The  Oiaour,  526. 

Arnheim  (2  syl.).  The  baron  Her- 
man km  Arnheim,  Anne  of  Geierstoin's 
grandfather. 

Sibilla  of  Arnheim,  Anne's  mother. 

The  baroness  of  Arnheim,  Anne  of  Geier- 
stein. — Sir  W.  Scott,  A7ine  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Kdward  IV.). 

Ar'no,  the  river  of  Florence,  the  birth- 
place of  both  Dante  and  Boccaccio. 

At  last  the  Muses  rose  .  .  .  and  scattered  .  .  .  as  they 

flew 
Their  blooming  wreaths  from  fair  Valclusa'3  bowers 

[Petrarch). 
To  Arno's  myrtle  border. 

Akenside,  l'leasuret  of  Imagination,  11. 

Ar'nold,  the  deformed  son  of  Bertha, 
who  hates  him  for  his  ugliness.  Weary 
of  life,  he  is  about  to  make  away  with 
himself,  when  a  stranger  accosts  him,  and 
promises  to  transform  him  into  any  shape 
he  likes  best.  He  chooses  that  of  Achilles, 
and  then  goes  to  Rome,  where  he  joins 
the  besieging  army  of  Bourbon.  During 
the  siege,  Arnold  enters  St.  Peter's  of 
Rome  just  in  time  to  rescue  Olimpia,  but 
the  proud  beauty,  to  prevent  being  taken 
captive  by  him,  flings  herself  from 
the  high  altar  on  the  pavement,  and  is 
taken  up  apparently  lifeless.  As  the 
drama  was  never  completed,  the  sequel 
is  not  known. — Byron,  The  Deformed 
Transformed. 

Ar'nold,  the  torch-bearer  at  Rotherwood, 
— Sir  W.Scott,  Toanhoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Ar'nold  of  Bcnthuysen,  disguised  as  a 
beggar,  and  called  "  (Jinks." — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Beggar's  Hush  (1622). 

Arnoldo,  son  of  Melehtal,  patriot  of 
the  forest  cantons  of  Switzerland.  He 
was  in  love  with  Mathilde  {'.i  syl.),  sister 
of  Gassier,  the  Austrian  governor  of  the 
district.  When  tin'  tyranny  of  Gessler 
drove  the  Swiss  into  rebellion,  Arnoldo 
joined  (lie  insurgents,  bul  after  the  death 
of  Gesslar  he  married  Mathilde,  whose 
life  he  had  saved  when  it,  was  imperilled 
by  an  avalanche. — Rossini,  Qvglieitno  Tell 
(1829). 

Arnol'do,  a  gentleman  contracted  to 
Zeno'cia.  a  chaste  lady,  dishonourably 
pursued  by  the  governor,  count  Qodio. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  of 
tlic  Country  (1647). 


Ar'nolphe  (2  syl.),  a  man  of  wealth, 
who  has  a  crotchet  about  the  proper  train- 
ing of  {'iris  to  make  good  wives,  and  tries 
his  scheme  on  Agnes,  whom  he  adopts 
from  a  peasant's  hut,  and  whom  he  in- 
tends in  time  to  make  his  wife.  She  is 
brought  up,  from  the  age  of  four  years, 
in  a  country  convent,  where  difference 
of  sex  and  the  conventions  of  societv  are 
wholly  ignored  ;  hut  when  removed  from 
the  convent  Agnes  treats  men  like  school- 
girls, nods  to  them  familiarly,  kisses 
them,  and  plays  with  them.  Bemg  told 
by  her  guardian  that  married  women  have 
more  freedom  than  maidens,  she  asks  him 
to  marry  her ;  however,  a  young  man 
named  Horace  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
makes  her  his  wife,  so  Arnolphe  si 
profits  nothing  by  his  pains. — Moliere, 
L'e'cole  des  Femmes  (1662). 

Dans  Un  petit  couvent  loin  ilc  toute  praUrjue 
Je  le  ns  elever  selon  mn  politique 
Cest-A-<liie,  ordonoanl  qucLs  soins  on  emplulcn.it 
Puur  le  rendre  idiute  autant  qu'U  k  pourroiL 

Act  I.  L 

Ar'not  (Andrew),  one  of  the  veonn-n 
of  the  Balafro'  [Ludovic  Lesly].— Sir  W . 
Scott,  Quentin  Lfurward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Aron'tous  (4  syl.),  an  Asiatic  kirn:, 
who  joined  the  Egyptian  armament 
against  the  crusaders. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 

Delivered  (l.r>7;">). 

Aroun'dight,  the  sword  of  sir  Lan- 
celot of  the  Lake. 

Arpa'sia,  the  betrothed  of  Bione'sSs, 
a  Greek,  but  made  by  constraint  the  bride 
of  Baj'a/et  sultan  of  Turkey.  Bajazet 
commanded  Monesfis  to  be  bow-strung  in 
the  presence  of  Arpasia,  to  frighten  her 
into  subjection,  but  she  died  at  the  Bight. 
— X.  liowe,  Tamerlane  (17U2). 

Ar'rant  Knave  (An),  a  corruption 
of  the  Anglo-Saxon  nearo-endpa  ("great 
knave").    Similarly,  maro-fa    /r 
fear");  neoro-grdp  ("great  grip");  mmto- 

{"  great,  deceit"),  etc. 

Ar'rot.  the  weasel  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  I'vx  (1498). 

Arrow  Festival  (The),  instituted 
by  Zoroaster  to  commemorate  the  flight 

of   the   arrow    shot    from    the    top    of    the 

Peak  of  Demavend,  in  Persia,  with  such 
miraculous  prowess  as  to  reach  the  hanks 
of  the  <  Kus,  causing  thewhole  intervening 
country  to  be  ceded  to  Persia. 

Arrow  shot  a  Mile.    Robin  Hood 


ARSACES. 


54 


ARTEMISIA. 


and  Little  John  "  frequently  shot  an  arrow 
a  measured  mile"  (1760  yards). 

Tradition  informs  us  that  in  one  of  Kobin  Hood's  pere- 
grinations, attended  by  Little  John,  he  went  to  dine  at 
Whitby  Abbey  with  the  abbot  Richard  .  .  .  they  went  to 
the  top  of  the  abbey,  and  each  of  them  shot  an  arrow, 
which  fell  not  far  from  Whitby-laths,  and  a  pillar  was  set 
up  by  the  abbot  whero  each  arrow  was  found  .  .  .  both 
fell  more  than  a  measured  mile  from  the  abbey. — Charl- 
ton, Bittory  0/  Whitby.  York,  146. 

I  Ar'saces  (3  syl.),  the  patronymic 
name  of  the  Persian  kings,  from  Arsaces, 
their  great  monarch.  It  was  generally 
added  to  some  distinctive  name  or  appel- 
lation, as  the  Roman  emperors  added  the 
name  of  Csesar  to  their  own. 

Cujus  memoriae  hunc  honorem  PaithI  tribuerunt  ut 
omnes  exinde  reges  suos  Arsacis  nomine  nuncupeut.— 
Justin,  1/iitoriara  Philippica.  xli. 

Arse'tes  (3  syl.),  the  aged  eunuch 
who  brought  up  Clorinda,  and  attended  on 
her. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Ar'taban,  the  French  type  of  nobi- 
liary pride. 

Ar'tamenes  (3  syl.)  or  Le  Grand 
Cyrus,  a  "  long-winded  romance,"  by 
Mdlle.  Scude'ri  (1G07-1701). 

Artaxam'mous,  king  of  Utopia, 
married  to  Griskinissa,  whom  he  wishes 
to  divorce  for  Distaffi'na.  But  Distafhna 
is  betrothed  to  general  Bombastes,  and 
when  the  general  finds  that  his  "fond 
one  "  prefers  "  half  a  crown  "  to  himself, 
he  hates  all  the  world,  and  challenges  the 
whole  race  of  man  by  hanging  his  boots 
on  a  tree,  and  daring  any  one  to  displace 
them.  The  king,  coming  to  the  spot,  reads 
the  cnallenge,  and  cuts  the  boots  down, 
whereupon  Bombastes  falls  on  his  majesty, 
and  "  kills  him,"  in  a  theatrical  sense,  for 
the  dead  monarch,  at  the  close  of  the  bur- 
letta,  joins  in  the  dance,  and  promises, 
if  the  audience  likes,  "to  die  again  to- 
morrow."— W.  B.  Rhodes,  Bombastes 
Furioso. 

Ar'tchila  Mur'tchila,  the  magic 
words  which  "  Fourteen  "  was  required  to 
pronounce  when  he  wished  to  get  any 
specific  object  "into  his  sack." — A  Basque 
Legend.     (See  Fourteen.) 

Ar'tegal  or  Arthegal  (Sir),  son  of 
Gorloi's  prince  of  Cornwall,  stolen  in 
infancy  by  the  fairies,  and  brought  up  in 
Fairyland.  Brit'omart  saw  him  in  Venus's 
looking-glass,  and  fell  in  love  with  him. 
She  married  him,  and  became  the  mother 
of  Aurelius  Conan,  from  whom  (through 
Cadwallader)  the  Tudor  dynasty  derives 
descent.  The  wanderings  of  Britomart, 
as  a  lady  knight-errant  and  the  imper- 
sonation of  chastity,   is   the  subject  of 


bk.  iii.  of  the  Faery  Queen ;  and  the 
achievements  of  sir  Artegal,  as  the  im- 
personation of  justice,  is  the  subject  of 
bk.  v. 

Sir  Artegal's  first  exploit  was  to  decide 
to  which  claimant  a  living  woman  be- 
longed. This  he  decided  according  to 
Solomon's  famous  judgment  respecting 
"the  living  and  dead  child"  (canto  1). 
His  next  was  to  destroy  the  corrupt 
practice  of  bribery  and  toll  (canto  2). 
His  third  was  the  exposing  of  Bragga- 
doccio  and  his  follower  Trompart  (canto 
3).  He  had  then  to  decide  to  which 
brother  a  chest  of  money  found  at  sea 
belonged,  whether  to  Bracidas  or  Am'idas ; 
he  gave  judgment  in  favour  of  the  former 
(canto  4).  He  then  fell  into  the  hands 
of  Rad'igund  queen  of  the  Amazons,  and 
was  released  by  Britomart  (cantos  5  and 
6),  who  killed  Radigund  (canto  7).  His 
last  and  greatest  achievement  was  the 
deliverance  of  Ire'na  (Ireland)  from 
Grantorto  (rebellion),  whom  he  slew 
(canto  12). 

N.B. — This  rebellion  was  that  called  the 
earl  of  Desmond's,  in  1580.  Before  bk.  iv. 
6,  Artegal  is  spelt  Arthegal,  but  never 
afterwards. 

**•  "  Sir  Artegal "  is  meant  for  lord  Gray 
of  Wilton,  Spenser's  friend.  He  was  sent 
in  1580  into  Ireland  as  lord-lieutenant, 
and  the  poet  was  his  secretary.  The 
marriage  of  Artegal  with  Britomart 
means  that  the  justice  of  lord  Gray  was 
united  to  purity  of  mind  or  perfect  in- 
tegrity of  conduct. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
v.  (1596). 

Artemis'ia,  daughter  of  LygdSmis 
and  queen  of  Carta.  With  five  ships  she 
accompanied  Xerxes  in  his  invasion  of 
Greece,  and  greatly  distinguished  herself 
in  the  battle  of  Salamis  by  her  prudence 
and  courage.  (This"  is  not  the  Artemisia 
who  built  the  Mausoleum.) 

Our  statues  .  .  .  she 

The  foundress  of  the  Rabylonian  wall  [SemlrSmU] ; 

The  Carian  Artemisia  strong  In  war. 

Tennyson,  The  Prineeu,  IL 

Artemis'ia,  daughter  of  Hecatomnus 
and  sister-wife  of  Mauso'lus.  Arte- 
misia was  queen  of  Caria,  and  at  the 
death  of  her  fraternal  husband  raised  a 
monument  to  his  memory  (called  a  mau- 
sole'um),  which  was  one  of  the  "  Seven 
Wonders  of  the  World."  It  was  built  by 
four  different  architects :  Scopas,  Timo- 
theus,  Leochares,  and  Bruxis. 

This  made  the  four  rare  masters  which  began 
Fair  Artemysia's  husband's  dainty  tomb 

(When  death  took  her  before  the  work  was  doo*, 
And  so  bereft  them  of  all  hopes  to  come). 


ARTFUL  DODGER. 


66 


ARTHUR. 


That  they  would  yet  their  OWD  work  perfect  nuke 

Con  for  their  worke*.  and  their  »elfglorle?  take. 

lord  Brook*!.  An  Inquiry  upon  Fame,  etc.  (1554-1628). 

Artful  Dodger,  the  sobriquet  of  John 
Dawkins,  a  young  thief,  up  to  every  sort 
of  dodge,  and  a  most  marvellous  adept  in 
villainy. — Dickens,  Oliver  1'ivist  (ls:'7j. 

Arthgallo,  a  mythical  British  king, 
brother  of  Gorbonian,  his  predecessor  on 
the  throne,  and  son  of  Mor'vidus,  the 
tyrant  who  was  swallowed  by  a  sea- 
monster.  Arthgallo  was  deposed,  and 
his  brother  El'idure  was  advanced  to  the 
throne  instead. — Geoffrey,  British  History, 
iii.  17  (1142). 

Arthur  (Kiw;),  parentage  of.  His 
father  wan  Uther  the  pendra^on,  and  his 
mother  YgcrnG  (3  syl.),  widow  of  Gorlols 
duke  of  Cornwall.  I5ut  Ygernu  had  been 
a  widow  only  three  hours,  and  knew  not 
that  the  duke  was  dead  (pt.  i.  2),  and 
her  marriage  with  the  pendragon  was 
not  consummated  till  thirteen  days  after- 
wards. When  the  boy  was  born  Merlin 
took  him,  and  he  was  brought  up  us  the 
foster-son  of  sir  Ector  (Tennyson  says  "sir 
Anton"),  till  Merlin  thought  proper  to 
announce  him  as  the  lawful  successor  of 
Dther,  and  had  him  crowned.  Uther  lived 
two  years  after  his  marriage  with  Ygerne. 

— Sir  T.  ftfalory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 

5.  2,  6  (1470). 

Wherefore  Merlin  took  the  child 
And  gave  Mm  to  sir  Anion,  an  old  knight 
And  ancient  friend  of  Uther  ;  and  his  wifo 
h'uned  the  young  prince,  and  rcare  I  him  with  her  own. 
Tennyson.  Cominj  0/  Arthur. 

Comin/  of  Arthur.  Leod'ogran,  king  of 
Cam'eliard  (8  syl.),  appealed  to  Arthur  to 
assist  him  in  clearing  his  kingdom  of 
robbers  and  wild  beasts.  This  being 
done,  Arthur  sent  three  of  his  knights 
to  Leodogran,  to  beg  the  bund  of  his 
daughter  Guenever  in  marriage.  To  this 
-ran,  after  some  little  hesitation, 
agreed,  and  sir  Lancelot  was  sent  to  escort 

the  lady  ti>  Arthur's  court. 

Arthur  n-*t  dead.  According  to  tra- 
dition Arthur  is  not  dead,  bul  rests  in 
Glastonbury,  "till  he  shall  come  again 
full  twice  as  fair,  to  rule  over  his  people." 

(Sea  Babbabos&a.) 

According    to  tradition.    Arthur    never   rlle.1,    hut   wal 

I  Into  n  ravan  ujr  enchantment,  and  will.  In  the 

at  Urn*,  a|>i«ar  again  In  M<  original  ibapa,   to 

''■-  thr and  ■>■  tptre      For  U 

n»M  a  raTtn  killed  In  KiniLuid  —  * kvYanlaa  HonuuUote 
1.  U.  5 

Arthur's    t .-,  >r,-    Battle*   (<T  \; 
over  the  Baxons).     l.  The  battle  of  the 
river  (ilem  (i.e.  tie-  glen  of  Northumber- 
land).      2  U)  6.    The   four  battlOJ  of   the 


Duglas  (which  falls  into  tie 
the  Kibble).    G.  The  battle  of  Bassa,  said 
to   be    I'.ashall    Brook,    which   joi 
Ribble  near  Clithero.      7.  The   La 
Celidon,  said  to  be  Tweeddale.     8.   The 
battle  of  Castle  Gwenion  (i.e.  (.'a-  t 
in    Wedale,    Stow).       9.    The    battle    of 
Caerleon,  i.e.   Carlisle  ;   which  Tennyson 
makes  to  be  Caerleon-upon-Usk.     10.  The 
battle  of  Trath  Treroit,  in  Anglesey,  some 
say  the  Solway  Frith.     11.  The  bai 
Agned    Cathregonion     (i.e.    Edinburgh). 
12.  The   battle  of   Badon    Hill    (i.e.   the 
Hill  of  Bath,  now  Bannerdown). 

Then  hravely  chanted  Uiey 
The  aeveral  twelvo  pitched  Sella  be  [,4rt»ur]  with  ttm 
Stuoiii  fought. 

M.  Drayton.  PolyolUon.  It.  (181»(. 

Arthur,  one  of  the  Nine  Worthies. 
were  Gentiles:    Hector,    Alexander,    and 
Julius  Csasar  ;  three  were  Jews  :   Joshua, 
David,  and  Judas  Maccab.eus ;  three  ware 

Christians:     Arthur,     Charlemagne,     and 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon. 

Arthur's   I  r  aril  Mother,  sir 

Ector  and  his  lady.     Their  son.  sir  Key 
(his  foster-brother),  was  his  seneschal  or 
steward. — Sir  T.Malory,  History  of 
Arthur,  i.  3,  8  (1470). 

N.I'..  —Tennyson  makes  sir  Anton  the 
foster-father  of  Arthur. 

Arthur's  Butter,  sir  Lucas  or  Lucai 
of  duke  Corneus  ;   but  sir  Griflet,  son  of 
Cardol,  assisted  sir  Key  and  sir  1. 11 
the    rule    of    the    service." — Histury    of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  8(1470). 

Arthur's  Sisters  [half-si-* era  .  M  r- 
gause  or  Margawse  (wife  of  kit:_-  I  •  ; 
Klain   (wife  of  king  Nentres  of  Cai 

and  Morgan  le  Fay,  the  "great  dark  of 
Nigromancy,"  who  wedded  king  Vrience, 
of  the  land  of  Corfi,  father  oi   1 
Blanchemayne.     only  the  last  had  the 
same  mother  (Yeraine  1 
king. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  . 
Arthur,  i.  •_'. 

Arthur**  Sons  -Urien.  Flew,  and  Arawn. 
Borro  was  his  son  by  Lyonora,  daughter 

of    tho    earl    Sanam.-- .';  Prince 

Arthur,   i.    15.      Ifordxed   Was  his  son   by 
Elain,    wife   of   kim;    Nentres   of  Carlot. 

[n  some  of  the  romances  collated  by  sir 

T.    Malory   he   is   called   the  son   1  I 

gauss  and  Arthur;  Bfargause  I 

the  wile  of  km_'  Lot,  ai  \rlhur. 

This  incesl  is  said   tfl   have  been  tie  u 

of  kfordrad'a  hatred  of  Arthur.— Pt.  1. 

Arthur' »  /'■    ...  S 

drink    from    this    horn    who    wa* 
unchaste  or  unfaithful.  «-»  and 

Jforfs  A' Artir.tr.    (See  Ckastitt.) 


ARTHUR. 


56 


ARTHURET. 


Arthur's  Shield,  Pridwin.  Geoffrey  calls 
it  Priwen,  and  says  it  was  adorned  with 
the  picture  of  the  Virgin  Mary. — British 
History,  ix.  4  (1142). 

Arthur's  Spear,  Rone.  Geoffrey  calls  it 
Ron.  It  was  made  of  ebony. — British 
History,  ix.  4  (1142). 

Ilis  spere  he  norn  an  honde  tha  Ron  wes  lhaten. 
Lay  anion,  Brut,  (twelfth  century). 

Arthur's  Sword,  Escal'ibur  or  Excal'iber. 
Geoffrey  calls  it  Calibum,  and  says  it  was 
made  in  the  isle  of  Avallon.  —  British 
History,  ix.  4  (1142). 

The  temper  of  bis  sword,  the  tried  Escalabour, 

The  Witness  and  the  length  of  Kone,  his  noble  (PCS', 

With  Pridwin,  his  great  shield. 

Drayton.  Polyoltnon,  lr.  (1612). 

Arthur's  Round  Table.  It  contained 
seats  for  l.r»0  knights.  Three  were  re- 
served, two  for  honour,  and  one  (called 
the  "siege  perilous")  for  sir  Galahad, 
destined  to  achieve  the  quest  of  the 
sangreal.  If  any  one  else  attempted  to 
sit  in  it,  his  death  was  the  certain  penalty. 

*#*  There  is  a  table  so  called  at  Win- 
chester, and  Henry  VIII.  showed  it  to 
Francois  I.  as  the  very  table  made  by 
Merlin  for  Uther  the  pendragon. 

And  for  great  Arthur's  seat,  her  Winchester  prefers. 
Whose  old  round  table  yet  she  vauuteth  to  he  hers. 
M.  Drayton,  Polyolbion.  U.  (161:!). 

Arthur  (Kintj),  in  the  burlesque  opera 
of  Tom  Thumb,  has  Dollallolla  for  his 
queen,  and  Huncaniunca  for  his  daughter. 
This  dramatic  piece,  by  Henry  Fielding, 
the  novelist,  was  produced  in  1780,  but 
was  altered  by  Kane  O'liara,  author  of 
Midas,  about  half  a  century  later. 

Arthur's  Harp,  a  Lyra,  which  forms 
a  triangle  with  the  Pole-star  and  Arcturus. 

Dost  thou  know  the  Btu 

We  call  the  "  Harp  of  Arthur,"  up  in  heaven  ! 

Tennyson,  Tha  Lou  Tournament. 

Arthur's  Seat,  the  hill  which  over- 
hangs Edinburgh. 

Nor  hunt    the    bloodhounds    back  to  Arthur's    scat 
[M&mturgh]} 

Byron,  Enqlith  Bard*  and  Scotch  Reviewer  t. 

Arthurian  Romances. 

King  Arthur  and  the  Hound  Table,  a 
romance  in  verse  (109t>). 

The  Holy  Graal  (in  verse,  1100). 

Titurel,  or  The  Guardian  of  the  Holy 
Graal,  by  Wolfram  von  Eschenbach. 
Titurel  founded  the  temple  of  Graal- 
burg  as  a  shrine  for  the  holy  graal. 

The  Romance  of  Parzival,  prince  of  the 
race  of  the  kings  of  Graalburg.  By  Welt- 
ram  of  Eschenbach  (in  verse).  This  ro- 
mance (written  about  1205)  was  partly 
founded  upon  a  French  poem  by  Chre- 
tien de  Troycs,Parceval  le  Galloin,  (1170). 


Launcelot  of  the  Lake,  by  Ulrich  of 
Zazikoven,  contemporary  with  William 
Rufus. 

Wigalois  or  The  Knight  of  the  Wheel, 
by  Wirnd  of  Graffenberg.  This  adven- 
turer leaves  his  mother  in  Syria,  and 
goes  in  search  of  his  father,  a  knight  of 
the  Round  Table. 

Twain  or  The  Knight  of  the  Lion,  and 
Ereck,  by  Hartmann  von  der  Aue  (thir- 
teenth century). 

Tristan  and  Yseult  (in  verse,  by  Master 
Gottfried  of  Strasburg  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). This  is  also  the  subject  of  Luc  dn 
Gast's  prose  romance,  which  was  revised 
by  Elie  de  Borron,  and  turned  into  verse 
by  Thomas  the  Rhymer,  of  Erceldoune, 
under  the  title  of  the  Romance  of  Tris- 
tram. 

Mrrh;n  Amhroise,  by  Robert  de  Borron. 

Roman  des  ditcrses  Quetes  de  St.  Graal, 
by  Walter  Mapes  (prose). 

A  Life  of  Joseph  of  Arimathea,  by 
Robert  de  Borron. 

/.i  Mort  tTArtur,  by  Walter  Mapes. 

The  Idylls  of  the  Kinij,  by  Tennyson,  in 
blank  verse,  containing  "  The  Coming  of 
Arthur,"  "  Gercth  and  Lynette,"  "  Goraiut 
and  Enid,"  "  Merlin  and  Vivien,"  "  I>an- 
celot  and  Elaine,"  "The  Holv  Graal,'* 
"  Peleasand  Ethirre"  (2  syl.),  ""The  Last 
Tournament,"  "Guinevere"  (3  syl.),  and 
"The  Passing;  of  Arthur,"  which  is  the 
"  Mcrte  d'Arthur"  with  an  introduction 
added  to  it. 

(The  old  Arthurian  Romances  have 
been  collated  and  rendered  into  English 
by  sir  Thomas  Malory,  in  three  parts. 
Part  i.  contains  the  early  history  of  Arthur 
and  the  beautiful  allegory  of  Gareth  and 
Linet ;  part  ii.  contains  the  adventures 
of  sir  Tristram  ;  and  part  iii.  the  adven- 
tures of  sir  Launceli.it,  with  the  death  of 
Arthur  and  his  knights.  Sir  Frederick 
Madden  and  J.  T.  K.  have  also  contributed 
to  the  same  series  of  legends.) 

*,*  Sources  of  the  Arthurian  Romances. 
The  prose  series  of  romances  called 
Arthurian,  owe  their  origin  to:  1.  The 
legendary  chronicles  composed  in  Wales 
or  Brittany,  such  as  De  Excidio  Britannia; 
of  Gildas.  2.  The  chronicles  of  Nennius 
(ninth  century).  3.  The  Armoric  collec- 
tions of  Walter  [Cale'nius]  or  Gauliter 
archdeacon  of  Oxford.  4.  The  Chronicon 
site  JJistoria  Brito-num  of  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth.  5.  Floating  traditions  and 
metrical  ballads  and  romances.  (See 
Chaki.kmagne.) 

Ar'thuret  (Miss  Seraphina  the  papist 
and   Alms  Angelica),   two   sisters    in   sir 


ARTS  AND  GENIUS. 


57 


ARYAN  LANGUAGES. 


W.  Scott's  novel  called  Rcdjauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Arts  ( The  fine)  and  Genius.  Sir 
Walter  Scott  was  wholly  ignorant  of 
pictures,  and  quite  indifferent  to  music. 
Wordsworth  cared  nothing  for  paintings, 
nnd  music  gave  him  positive  discomfort. 
Sir  Robert  Peel  detested  music.  Byron 
and  Tasso cared  nothing  for  architecture, 
and  Byron  had  no  ear  for  music.  Mde.  <le 
Mai'l  could  not  appreciate  scenery.  Pope 
and  Dr.  Johnson,  like  Scott  and  Byron, 
had  no  ear  for  music,  and  could  scarcely 
discern  one  tune  from  another ;  Pope 
preferred  a  street  organ  to  Handel's 
Messiah. 

Ar'turo  (lord  Arthur  Talbot),  a 
cavalier  affianced  to  El vi'ra"  the  puritan," 
daughter  of  lord  Walton.  On  the  day 
appointed  for  the  wedding,  Arturo  lias  to 
aid  Enrichetta  (Henrietta,  widow  of 
Cltiirles  I.)  in  her  escape,  and  Elvira, 
supposing  he  is  eloping  with  a  rival, 
temporarily  loses  her  reason.  On  his 
return,  Arturo  explains  the  circumstances, 
and  they  vow  never  more  to  part.  At 
this  j  uncture  Arturo  is  arrested  for  treason, 
and  led  away  to  execution  ;  but  a  herald 
announces  the  defeat  of  the  S'Aiarts,  and 
free  pardon  of  all  political  offenders, 
whereupon  Arturo  is  released,  and  marries 
"  the  fair  puritan." — Bellini's  opera,  I 
Puritan*  (1834). 

Ar'turo  [BuCKLAw].  So  Frank  Hay ston 
is  called  in  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lucia  di 
Lammermoor  (1835).     (See  Haysvon.) 

Ar'undel,  the  steed  of  sir  Bevis  of 
Southampton,  given  him  by  his  wife 
Josian,  daughter  of  the  king  of  Armenia. 
— Drayton,  Polyolbion,  ii.  (1G12). 

Arundel  Castle,  called  Magounce 
(2  syl.). 

She  [AnylUlet]  came  to  a  castle  that  "us  called  M.i- 
goutli  :e,  an. I  now  is  ( ailed  Ariindi  11,  in  BoUthaM. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  118  (1470). 

Ar'valan,  the  wicked  son  of  Keha'ma, 
slain  by  Ladur'lad  for  attempting  to 
dishonour  his  daughter  Kail'yal  (2  .•>.'//.). 
After  this,  his  spirit  became  the  relent- 
less persecutor  of  the  holy  maiden,  but 

holiness  and  chastity  triumphed  over  sin 
and  lust.  Thus  when  Kails  al  was  taken 
to  Hie  DOVer  Of  bliss  in  paradise,  Arvalan 
borrowed  t lie  dragon-car  of  the  witch 
l.or'nnute  (8  si/t.)  to  carry  her  off:  but 
when  the  dragons  came  in  sight  of  the 
holy  place  they  were  unable  U)  mom  t, 
and  went  perpetually  downwards,  till 
Arvalan  was  dropped  into  an  ice-rift  of 


perpetual  snow.  When  he  presented 
himself  before  her  in  the  temple  of  .htga- 
naut,  she  set  fire  to  the  pagoda.  And 
when  he  caught  the  maiden  waiting  for 
her  father,  who  was  gone  to  release  the 
glendoveer  from  the  submerged  city  of 
Baly,  Baly  himself  came  to  her  rescue. 

"Help,  help.  Kehamal  help!"  he  cried. 
But  Bab  tarried  not  to  ahide 
Thai  mightier  |«wcr.     Wlih  lrrefdstlble  feet 
He  stauipt  and  cleft  the  earth.    It  opened  wide, 
Ami  gave  him  way  to  his  own  Judgment-seat. 
Down  like  a  plummet  to  the  world  l»elow 
He  sail k  .  .  .  to  punishment  deserved  and  endless  woa 
Buuthey,  Curse  of  Kehama,  xvu.  1!  (1S0B). 

Arvi'da  {Prince),  a  noble  friend  of 
Gustavus  Vasa.  Both  Arvida  and  Gus- 
tavus  are  in  love  with  Christi'na,  daughter 
of  Christian  II.  king  of  Scandinavia. 
Christian  employs  the  prince  to  cut  rip 
Gustavus,  but  when  he  approaches  him 
the  better  instincts  of  old  friendship  and 
the  nobleness  of  Gustavus  prevail,  so  tint 
Arvida  not  only  refuses  to  betray  his 
friend,  but  even  abandons  to  him  all 
further  rivalry  in  the  love  of  Christina. — 
H.  Brooke,  Gustavus  Vaaa  (1730). 

Arvir'agus,  the  husband  of  Do'rigcn. 
Aurelius  tried  to  win  her  love,  but  Dongen 
made  answer  that  she  would  never  listen 
to  hisr  suit  till  the  rocks  that  beset  the 
coast  were  removed,  "  and  there  n'is  no 
stone  y-seen."  By  the  aid  of  magic, 
Aurelius  caused  all  the  rocks  of  the  coast 
to  disappear,  and  Dorigen's  husband 
insisted  that  she  should  keep  her  word. 
When  Aurelius  saw  how  sad  she  was,  and 
was  told  that  she  had  come  in  obedience 
to  her  husband's  wishes,  lie  said  he  would 
rather  die  than  injure  so  true  a  wife  and 
noble  tt  gentleman. — Chancer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Franklin's  Tale,"  I88i 

(This  is  substantially  the  .-a',  i 
Boccaccio's  tale  of  Dianora  and  Uilberto, 
day  x.  5.     See  Dianuka.) 

Arvtr'agns,  younger  sou  of  CymTx  line 

(3  ml.)  king  of  Britain,  and  brother  of 
Guide'rius.  The  two  in  early  childhood 
were  kidnapped  by  Bela'riuB,  out  of  re- 
venge for  being  nnj  ostly  banished,  and  were 
brought  op  by  him  in  a  cave.    When  they 

were  grown  to  manhood,   I'.clarius,  having 

rescued  the  king  from   the  Romans, was 

restored  to  favour,  lie  then  introduced 
the  two  young  men  to  ( 'vmbcltne,  and 
told  their  story,  upon  which  the  king  was 
rejoiced   to   lind   that   his   I  w  0   SOM   win  m 

he  though!  dead  were  both  living.— • 
Shakespeare,  Cymbeluu  (1606). 

Aryan  Languages  ( The)— 

1.  Sanskrit,  whence  1 1  imlustaneo. 

2.  /end,  i,        Persian. 


VS  YOU  LIKE  IT. 


58 


ASGIL'S  TRANSLATION. 


8.  Greek    whence  Romaic. 

4.  Latir         „       Italian,  French,  Spanish, 

Portuguese,  Wallachian 

{Romance) . 
6.  Keltic,      „       Welsh,  Irish,  Gaelic. 

6.  Q  tthic,     „      Teutonic,  English,  Scan- 

dinavian. 

7.  Havonic,  „      European  Russian,  and 

Austrian. 

As  You  Like  It,  a  comedy  by  Shake- 
ipcare.  One  of  the  French  dukes,  being 
iriven  from  his  dukedom  by  his  brother, 
went  with  certain  followers  to  the  forest 
of  Arden,  where  they  lived  a  free  and  easy 
life,  chiefly  occupied  in  the  chase.  The 
deposed  duke  had  one  daughter,  named 
Ttosalind,  whom  the  usurper  kept  at 
jourt  as  the  companion  of  his  own 
daughter  Celia,  and  the  two  cousins  were 
very  fond  of  each  other.  At  a  wrestling 
match  Rosalind  fell  in  love  with  Orlando, 
who  threw  his  antagonist,  a  giant  and 
professional  athlete.  The  usurping  duke 
(Frederick)  now  banished  her  from  the 
court,  but  her  cousin  Celia  resolved  to  go 
to  Arden  with  her;  so  Rosalind  in  hoy's 
clothes  (under  the  name  of  Gammed),  and 
Celia  as  a  rustic  maiden  (under  the  name 
of  Alie'na),  started  to  find  the  deposed 
duke.  Orlando  being  driven  from  homo 
by  his  elder  brother,  also  went  to  the 
forest  of  Arden,  and  was  taken  under  the 
duke's  protection.  Here  he  met  the 
ladies,  and  a  double  marriage  was  the 
result— Orlando  married  Rosalind,  and 
his  elder  brother  Oliver  married  Celia. 
The  usurper  retired  to  a  religious  house, 
and  the  deposed  duke  was  restored  to  his 
dominions. — (1598.) 

Asaph.  So  Tate  calls  Dryden  in 
Absalom  and  Achitophet. 

While  Judah's  throne  and  Zion's  rock  stand  fast. 
The  song  of  Asaph  and  his  fame  shall  last 

Part  II. 

Asaph  (St.),  a  British  [i.e.  Welsh] 
monk  of  the  sixth  century,  abbot  of  Llan- 
Elvy,  which  changed  its  name  to  St. 
Asaph,  in  honour  of  him. 

So  bishops  can  she  bring,  of  which  her  saints  shall  be : 
As  Asaph,  who  first  gave  that  name  unto  that  see. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xxiv.  (1622). 

Ascal'aplios,  son  of  Acheron,  turned 
Into  an  owl  for  tale-telling  and  trying  to 
make  mischief. — Greek  Fable. 

Asca'nio,  son  ofdonIIenriqre(2s///.), 
in  the  comedy  called  The  Spanish  Curate, 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1622). 

As'capart  or  As'cupart,  an  enormous 
giant,  thirty  feet  high,  who  carried  off  sir 
Bevis,  his  wife  Jos'ian,  his  sword  Morglay, 


and  his  steed  Ar'undel,  under  his  arm. 
Sir  Bevis  afterwards  made  Ascapart  his 
slave,  to  run  beside  his  horse.  The  effigy 
of  sir  Bevis  is  on  the  city  gates  of  South- 
ampton.— Drayton,  Polyolbion,  ii.  (1612). 

He  was  a  man  whose  huge  stature,  tbewi,  sinews,  and 
bulk  .  .  .  would  have  enabled  him  to  enact  "Colbrand," 
M  Ascapart,"  or  any'other  giant  of  romance,  without  raising 
himself  nearer  to  heaven  even  by  the  altitude  of  acnopin.— 
8ir  W.  Scott 

Those  Ascaparts,  men  big  enough  to  throw 
Charing  Cross  for  a  bar. 

Dr.  Donne  Bo73-1631V 

Thus  imitated  by  Pope  (1688- 1744)— 

Each  man  an  Ascapart  of  strength  to  tcss 

For  quoits  both  Temple  Bar  and  Charing  Cross. 

Ascrge'an  Sage,  or  Ascrcean  poet, 
Hesiod,  who  was  born  at  Ascra,  in  Bceo'tia. 
Virgil  calls  him  "  The  Old  Ascnean." 

Hos  tlbl  dant  calamos,  en  accipe,  Musis 
Ascrseo  quus  ante  sent 

Sel.  rU.  70. 

As'ebie  (3  syl.),  Irreligion  personified 
in  The  Purple  island  (1633),  by  Phineas 
Fletcher  (canto  vii.).  He  had  four  sons : 
Idol'atros  (idolatry),  Phar'makeus  (3  syl.) 
(witchcraft),  Iheret'icus,  and  Hypocrisy; 
all  fully  described  by  the  poet.  (Greek, 
ascbeia,  "  impiety.") 

Asel'ges  (3  syl.),  Lasciviousness  per- 
sonified. One  of  the  four  sons  of  Anag/- 
nus  (inchastity),  his  three  brothers  being 
Maechus  (adultery),  Pornei'us  (fornication), 
and  Acath'arus.  Seeing  his  brother  Por- 
neius  fall  by  the  spear  of  Parthen'ia 
(maidenly  chastity),  Aselges  rushes  for- 
ward to  avenge  his  death,  but  the  martial 
maid  caught  him  with  her  spear,  and 
tossed  him  so  high  i'  the  air  "that  he 
hardly  knew  whither  his  course  was 
bent."  (Greek,  ase'lyes,  "  intemperate, 
wanton.") — Phineas  Fletcher,  The  Purple 
Island,  xi.  (1633). 

As'en,  strictly  speaking,  are  only  the 
three  gods  next  in  rank  to  the  twelve 
male  Asir ;  but  the  word  is  not  un- 
frequently  used  for  the  Scandinavian 
deities  generally. 

As'gard,  the  fortress  of  the  As'en 
or  Scandinavian  deities.  It  is  situate  in 
the  centre  of  the  universe,  and  is  accessible 
only  by  the  rainbow  bridge  (Bifrost). 
The  river  is  Nornor,  overshadowed  by 
the  famous  ash  tree  Ygdrasil' 

As'gil's  Translation.  John  Asgill 
wrote  a  book  on  the  possibility  of  man 
being  translated  into  eternal  life  without 
tasting  death.  The  book  in  1707  was 
condemned  to  be  burnt  by  the  common 
hangman. 

Here's  no  depending  upon  old  women  In  my  country, . . . 
and  a  man  may  as  safely  trust  to  Asgll's  translation  u  U 


ASHFIELD. 


69 


ASrATIA. 


kJf  gmit-trmnclmnther  not  marrying.—  Mrs.  CeiiUlrro,  Th» 
Busybody,  M  1  (17UU). 

Ash'field.  {Farmer),  a  truly  John 
Uull  farmer,  tender-hearted,  noble-minded 
but  homely,  generous  but  hot-tempered. 
He  loves  his  daughter  Susan  with  the 
love  of  a  woman.      His    favourite    ex- 

S>rcssion  is  "  Behave  pratty,"  and  he 
limself  always  tries  to  do  so.  His 
daughter  Susan  marries  Robert  Handy, 
the  son  of  sir  Abel  Handy. 

Dame  Ashfield,  the  farmer's  wife,  whose 
bete  noire  is  a  neighbouring  farmer  named 
Grundy.  What  Mrs.  Grundy  will  say, 
or  what  Mrs.  Grundy  will  think  or  do,  is 
dame  Ashfield's  decalogue  and  gospel  too. 
Susan  Ashjield,  daughter  of  farmer  and 
dame  AsMfield. — Thorn.  Morton,  Speed 
the  1'lowj/i  (17G4-1838). 

Asb'ford  (Isaac),  "a  wise,  good 
man,  contented  to  be  poor." — Crabbe, 
J'arish  Register  (1807). 

Ash'taroth,  a  general  name  for  all 
Syrian  goddesses.     (See  Astoukth.) 

[They]  hail  general  names 
Of  ilaillim  anil  Ashtaruth :  those  mala. 
These  feminine. 

Milton,  ParadUe  LoU,  I.  422  (16G5). 

Ash'tori  (Sir  William),  the  lord 
keeper  of  Scotland,  and  father  of  Lucy 
Ashton. 

Lady  Eleanor  Ashton,  wife  of  sir  Wil- 
liam. 

Colonel  Sholto  Dowjlas  Ashton,  eldest 
eon  of  sir  William. 

Lucy  Ashton,  daughter  of  sir  William, 
betrothed  to  Edgar  (the  master  of  Itavens- 
wood)  ;  but  being  compelled  to  marry 
Frank  tTayston  (laird  of  Bucklaw),  ahetries 
tn  murder  him  in  the  1  >ri> l.-il  chamber,  and 
becomes  insane.  Lucy  dies,  but  the  laird 
recovers. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Jlride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

(This  has  been  made  the  subject  of  an 
opera  by  Donizetti,  called  Luaa  di  Lam- 
mermoor,  1835.) 

Asia,  the  wife  of  that  Pharaoh  who 
brought  up  Moses.  She  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Mosahem.  Her  husband  tor- 
tured lor  for  believing  in  Moses;  but 
she  was  taken  alive  Into  Paradise. — 
Sale,  Al  Koran,  xx.,  note,  and  Ixvi., 
uote 

Ma.iomet  says,  "  Among  women  four 
have  been  perfect:  Aata,  uitr  of  Pha- 
raoh;  Mary,  daughter  of  (mran;  Kha- 
•  ijali,    the    prophet's    first    wife;    and 

Fuiiina,  his  own  daughter." 
As'ir,  the  twelve  chief  godl  of  Scandi- 


navian mythology — Odin,  Thor,  Paldr, 
Niord,  Frey,  Tyr,  Bragi,  lleiindall, 
Vidar,  Vali,  Ullur,  aDd  Forseti. 

Sometimes      the       goddesses — I 
Freyja,    Idu'na,    and    Saga,   are   ranked 
amongst  the  Asir  also. 

A8'madai  (3  sy/.)i  the  same  as  Asmo- 
de'u3  (4  si/l.),  the  lustful  and  destroying 
angel,  who  robbed  Sara  of  her  seven  hus- 
bands (TMt  iii.  8).  Milton  makes  him 
one  of  the  rebellious  angels  overthrown 
by  Uriel  and  Ba'phaSL  Hume  says  the 
word  means  "the  destroyer." — Paradm 
Lost,  vi.  365  (16G5). 

Asmode'us  (4  s>/l.),  the  demon  of 
vanity  and  dress,  called  in  the  Talmud 
"king  of  the  devils."  As  "dr- 
one  of  the  bitterest  evils  of  modem  life, 
it  is  termed  "the  Asmodeus  of  domestic 
peace,"  a  phrase  employed  to  express  any 
"skeleton"  in  the  house  of  a  private 
family. 

In  the  book  of  TMt  Asmodeus  falls  in 
love  with  Sara,  daughter  of  Pag'uel,  and 
causes  the  successive  deaths  of  seven 
husbands  each  on  his  bridal  night,  but 
when  Sara  married  Tobit,  Asmodeus 
was  driven  into  Egypt  by  a  charm  made 
of  the  heart  and  liver  OX  a  fish  burnt  on 
perfumed  ashes. 

(Milton  throws  the  accent  on  the  third 
syl.,  Tennyson  on  the  second.) 

Than  Asmodcu*  with  the  fishy  fume. 

Milton,  I'araJue  LoU,  It.  16a. 
Abaddon  and  AanSdBm  caught  at  ma 

Tmnjnan,  si.  .simoon  Styfttf* 

AsmodVut,    a    "diable    bon-homme," 

with  more  gaiety  than  malice  ;  not  the 
leasi  like  Mephistopheli's.  He  is  the 
companion  of  Cle'oras,  whom  he  carries 
through  the  air,  and  .-hows  him  the  inside 
of  houses,  where  they  sir  what  is  being 

done  in   private  or  secrecy  without 
seen.     Although  Asmodeus  is  noi  malig- 
nant, yet  with  all  his  wit,  acuteni 
playful  malice,  we  di  rer  forget  the  Rend, 
be  Be  -«■.  /.-   Dial  '■  BoiU  u.,-. 

i  Such  was  the  popularity  of  the  I 
Boiteux,  that  two  young  men  fought  a 
duel  in  a  bookselli  .  i  r  the  enly 

remaining  copy,  an  incident  worthy  to  be 
recorded  by  Asmodeus  himself.) 

Mm  Amtrn  give.  iu  ju»t  »u.h  ■  pletan  of  domaatk  iif* 
iw  Aaroodaui  wool  I 

\   t    "  Kumaii  c." 

Aso'tus,    Prodigality   personifi<!d    in 
■  '■/>!■•   Tsta*  I  j    Phineas 

Fletcher,  fully  described  m  canto  viii. 
(Greek,  oaofos,  "a  profligate.") 

Aspa'tia,  a  maiden  tho  very  ideal  of 


ASFHALTIC  POOL. 


CO 


ASSIDOS. 


ill-fortune  and  wretchedness.  She  is  the 
troth-plight  wife  of  Amintor,  but  Amin- 
tor,  at  the  kind's  request,  marries 
Evad'ne  (3  syl.).  Women  point  with 
scorn  at  the  forsaken  Aspatia,  l>ut  she 
bears  it  all  with  patience.  The  pathos  of 
her  speeches  is  most  touching,  and  hex 
death  forms  the  tragical  event  which 
(jives  name  to  the  drama. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  T/te  Maid's  Tragedy  (1G10). 

Asphal'tic  Pool  [Th*\  the  Dead 
Sea,  so  called  from  the  asphalt  or  bitu'- 
men  abounding  in  it.  The  river  Jordan 
empties  itself  into  this  "pool." — Milton, 
I'aradise  Lost,  i.  411  (1G65). 

As'phodel,  in  the  language  of  (lowers, 
means  "regret."  It  is  said  that  the  spirits 
of  the  dead  sustain  themselves  with  the 
rooti  of  this  flower.  It  was  planted  by 
the  ancients  on   graves,  and   both  Thso- 

philus  and  Pliny  state  that  the  ghosts 
beyond  Acheron  roam  through  tl 
dows  of  Asphodel,  in  order  if  possible  to 
reach  the  waters  of  Lethe*  01  Oblivion. 
The  Asphodel  was  dsdicatl -d  to  Pluto. 
Longfellow  strangely  enough  crowns  bis 
angel  of  death  with  amaranth,  with  which 
the  "  spirits  elect  hind  their  resplendent 

locks,"  and  his  angel  of  lift  with 

del,  the  tlower  of  "regret "and  emUrm 

of  the  grave. 

Hi  who  wore  the  crown  of  iwphmleui  .  .  . 
(mlill  "  My  errand  i«  not  death.  ImiI  life"  .  .  . 
[but]  Tin  angal  with  the  amaranthine  wreath 

Whl  |,i-n«l  u  wunl,  th.it  had  a  Bund  like  death. 
Longfellow.  Tht  TVo  A  njrli. 

As'pramont,  a  place  mentioned  by 
AriostO  in  his  Orlando  fW*MM0,  in  the 
department  of  the  Mouse  (1616). 

Jouitod  in  Aj]nnim>!it  and  Monfalbaa  IVmlnuVinl 
Milton,  I'ariuiUt  J-,-1. 

As'praraonte  (3  syl.),  \r.  nr  W. 
Scott's  Cbuni  Robert  of  1'aris  (time, 
Bufus). 

Tht  <>ld  knight,  father  of  lirenhilda. 

The  lady  of  Atpramontt\  the  knight's 

\v  1 t'l  . 

Brenhilda  of  .Aspramowfs,  their  daugh- 
ter, wife  of  count  Robert. 

As'rael    or   Az'rael,    an    angel    of 
death.     He   is    immeasurable    in    height, 
insomuch  that  the  space  between  b 
equals  a  70,000  days'  journey. — M 
Sudan  Mythology. 

Ass  (An),  emblem  of  the  tribe  of 
Issachar.  In  the  old  church  at  Totnes  is 
a  stone  pulpit,  divided  into  compartments, 
rvntaimng    shields    decorated    with    the 


several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  of 
which  this  is  one. 
im<-h.r  is  B  itrong  an,  eouchlat  down  !»l»ni  two 

bunleni. — lien.  iHl.  1*. 

Ass.     Three  of  these  animals  are  by 

different  legends  admitted   into  heaven : 

1.  The  ass  on  which  Christ  rode  on   His 

journey  to  Jerusalem  on  the  day  of  palms. 

S.  The  ass  on   which  llalaani  rode,   and 

which    reproved   the  prophet,   "speaking 

with  the  roioe  of  a  man."     3.  The  ass  of 

DjOSSSJ  of  Bhsba  or  Saba,  who  c.iii  * 

to  visit  Solomon.    (See  Am  malm,  p.  40.) 

.    btidss  wai  decide 

a  trial  of   musical   skill   between  Apollo 

and   l'an.     The   Phrygian   king  gave   bit 

verdict    in    favour    of    Pan,    whereupon 

Apollo  changed   his  ears  to   those  of    an 

I  bC    Servant    who    used    to    cut   thu 

king's  hair,  discovering  the  deformity, 

was  afraid  to  whisper  the  secret  to  any 
one,  but  not  being  aide  to  contain  himself, 
i  ile  in  the  earth,  and,  [Hitting  his 
mouth  into  it,  cried  out,  "  King 
has  ass's  ears."  He  then  tilled  up  the  hole, 
and   felt  rei  ■  nyson  makes  the 

batbl  r  a  woman. 

.•■liar  than  the  dam* 
That  a  hi  |-rred  "  Ami  aan  "  [«k J  among  the  ledge, 
"  Ujr  atalar.- 

nsfsssask»E 

As'sad,    son    of   Camaral'/aman   and 
Ilaiatal'nefous  (5  syl.),  and  hsif-bcothei 

of    Amgiad    i-":i    Of    I  'amaral/aiii.v. 

.  of   the   two    mothers 

conceived  a  base  pstliffll  for  the  other's 

son,  and  when  the  \"tmg  nun  repulsed 
their  advances,  SOOaasd  them  to  their 
father  of  glOSS  designs  BOOO  their  honour. 
ramaralraman  commanded  his  ri 
put  them  both  SB  death  ;  but  in>: 
doing  SO,  he  conducted  them  out  of  the 
city,  and  told  them  not  to  return  to  their 
-  kingdom  (the  island  of  Ebony). 

1  bey  wandered  on  for  ten  days, 

went  to  a  city  in  sight  to 

provisions.  Here  he  was  entrapped  by  an 
old  flre-worshipper.  who  offered  bin 

pitality,  bnt  cast  him  into  a  dungeon,  in- 
tending to  oiler  him  up  a  human  victim 
on  the  "  mountain  of  lire."  The  ship  in 
which    he   was  sent  In-ing  driven  on  the 

•    [ueeo   Margiana,  Assad  Wl 
to  her  as  a  .-lave,  bnt  being  rccaptur. 
carried    back  to  his  old   dungeon.      Here 
•  of  the  old  man's  daughters, 

ity  on  him,  and  released  bin 

ere  Ions  Assad   married    |neen  Mai 
while  Amgiad,  out  of  natil 
I'.ostana. — Anibian  Ntgkti  ("Amgiad  and 
"). 
As'sidos,  a  \  lant  in  the  country  oi 


ASSISE. 


61 


Prester  John.  It  not  only  protects  the 
wearer  from  evil  spirits,  but  forces  every 
spirit  to  tell  its  business. 

Assise  (in  feudal  times),  toute  chose 
qui  Von  a  vue  user  et  accoustumer  et 
deliverer  en  cour  du  roiaume.— Clef  des 
Assises. 

Astag'oras,  a  female  fiend,  who  has 
the  power  of  raising  storms.— Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Astar'te  (3  syl.),  the  Phoenician 
moon-goddess,  the  Astoreth  of  the 
Syrians. 

J  With  these 

Came  Astoreth,  whom  the  Phoenicians  called 
Astarte,  queen  of  heaven,  with  crescent  Ikjim. 
Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  l  438  (1665) 

As'tarte  (2  syl.),  an  attendant  on  the 
princess  Anna  Comne'na  —  Sir  W.  bcott, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Astarte  (2  or  3  syl.),  beloved  by  Man- 
fred.—Byron,  Manfred. 

We  .think  of  Astarte  a?  young,  beautiful,  innocent,— 
guilty,  lost,  murdered,  judged,  pardoned;  but  still,  m  her 
permitted  visit  to  earth,  speaking  in  a  voice  of  sorrow, 
and  with  a  countenance  yet  pale  with  mortal  trouble. 
We  had  hut  a  glimpse  of  her  in  her  beauty  and  innocence, 
but  at  last  she  rises  before  us  in  all  the  moral  silence  of  a 
ghost,  with  fixed,  glazed,  and  passionless  eyes,  revealuu. 
death,  judgment,  and  eternity— Professor  Wilson. 
{»  sul )  The  lady  Astarte  his!  Hush  !  who  comes  here  J 
(3  tj/i.)    ...  The  same  Astarte?  no  (iil.  4).  llui.  *•) 

As'tery,  a  nymph  in  the  train  of 
Venus  ;  the  lightest  of  foot  and  most 
active  of  all.  One  day  the  goddess, 
walking  abroad  with  her  nymphs,  bade 
them  "-o  gather  flowers.  Astery  gathered 
most  of  all;  but  Venus,  in  a  fit  of 
jealousy,  turned  her  into  a  butterfly,  and 
threw  the  flowers  into  the  wings.  Since 
then  all  butterflies  have  borne  wings  of 
many  gay  colours.— Spenser,  Muiopotmos 
or  the  Butterfly's  Fate  (1590). 

As'tolat,  Guildford,  in  Surrey. 


Astol'pho,  the  English  cousin  of 
Orlando  ;  his  father  was  Otho.  He  was 
a  great  boaster,  but  was  generous,  cour- 
teous, gay,  and  singularly  handsome. 
Astolphowas  carried  to  Alci'na's  isle  on  the 
back  of  a  whale  ;  and  when  Alcina  tired 
of  him,  she  changed  him  into  a  myrtle 
tree,  but  Melissa  disenchanted  him. 
Astolpho  descended  into  the  infernal 
regions  ;  he  also  went  to  the  moon,  to 
cure  Orlando  of  his  madness  by  bringing 
back  his  lost  wits  in  a  phial.— Anosto, 
Orlando  Furiozo  (1510). 

Astolpho's  Horn.  This  horn  was  the 
gift  of  Logistilla.  Wliatever  man  or 
beaat  heard  it,  was  seized  with  instant 


ASTREE.        

panic,   and  became  an    easy  captive.— 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso,  vni.  _ 

Astolpho's  Book.  The  same  fairy 
gavu  him  a  book,  which  would  direct 
him  aright  in  all  his  journey ings,  and 
give  him  any  other  information  he  re- 
quired.—Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso,  vm. 

As'ton  (Sir  Jacob),  a  cavalier  during 
the  Commonwealth  ;  one  of  the  partisans 
of  the  late  king.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (period,  Commonwealth). 

As'ton  (Enrico).  So  Henry  Ashtoa 
is  called  in  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lucut  d\ 
Lammermoor  (1835).     (See  Ashtox.) 

As'torax,  king  of  Paphos  and 
brother  of  the  princess  Calis  —  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Mad  Lover  (belore 
1618). 

As'toreth,  the  goddess-moon  of 
Syrian  mythology ;  called  by  Jeremiah, 
"The  Queen  of  Heaven,"  and  by  the 
Phoenicians,  "Astar'te."  (See  Ashta- 
EOTH.) 

With  these  [the  hott  of  Tieaven]  In  troop 
Came  Astoreth,  whom  the  Phoenicians  called 
Astarte,  queen  of  heaven,  with  crescent  horns. 
Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  1.  438  (10O. 

(Milton  does  not  always  preserve  the 
difference  between  Ashtaroth  and  Asto- 
reth ;  for  he  speaks  of  the  "mooned 
Ashtaroth,  heaven's  queen  and  mother.  ) 

As'tragon,  the  philosopher  and  great 
physician,  by  whom  Gondibert  and  his 
friends  were  cured  of  the  wounds  re- 
ceived in  the  faction  fight,  stirred  up  by 
prince  Oswald.  Astragon  had  a  splendid 
librarv  and  museum.  One  room  was 
called*  "Great  Nat-ire's  Office,"  another 
"  Nature's  Nursery,"  and  the  library  was 
called  "The  Monument  of  Vanished 
Mind."  Astragon  (the  poet  says)  dis- 
covered the  loadstone  and  its  use  in 
navigation.  He  had  one  child,  Bertha, 
who  loved  duke  Gondibert,  and  to  whom 
she  was  promised  in  marriage.  The  tale 
being  unfinished,  the  sequel  is  not  known. 
—Sir  W.  Davenant,  Gondibert  (died 
1668). 


Astre'a,  Mrs.  Alphra  Bchn,  an 
authoress.  She  published  the  story  of 
Prince  Oroonoka  (died  1689). 

The  stage  now  loosely  does  Astrea  tread. 

Astree  (2  syl),  a  pastoral  romance 
bv  Honore  D'Urfe  (1616),  very  cele- 
brated for  giving  birth  to  the  pastoral 
school,  which  had  for  a  tim«!  an  over- 
whelming power  on  Utcratun    dress,  and 


ASTRINGER. 


62 


ATE. 


amusements.  Pastoral  romance  had  re- 
appeared in  Portugal  full  sixty  years 
previously  in  the  pastoral  romance  of 
Montemayer  called  Diana  (1552)  ;  and 
Longos,  in  the  fifth  century,  had  pro- 
duced a  beautiful  prose  pastoral  called 
The  Loves  of  Daphnis  and  Chloe,  but 
both  these  pastorals  stand  alone,  while 
that  of  D'Urfg  is  the  beginning  of  a 
long  series. 

Astringer,  a  falconer.  Shakespeare 
introduces  an  astringer  in  All's  Well  that 
Ends  Well,  act  v.  sc.  1.  (From  the  French 
aiistour,  Latin  austercus,  "a  goshawk.") 
A  "gentle  astringer"  is  a  gentleman 
falconer. 

We  usually  call  a  falconer  who  keeps  that  kind  of 
hawk  [the  goshawkj  an  austringer. — Cowell,  Lav 
Dictionary. 

As'tro-fiamman'te  (5  syl.),  queen 
of  the  night.  The  word  means  "flaming 
star." — Mozard,  Die  Zauberjlbte  (1791). 

Astronomer  (The),  in  Iiasselas,  an 
old  enthusiast,  who  believed  himself  to 
have  the  control  and  direction  of  the 
weather.  He  leaves  Imlac  his  successor, 
but  implores  him  not  to  interfere  with 
the  constituted  order. 

"I  have  possessed."  said  he  to  Imlac,  "for  five  years 
the  regulation  of  Uie  weather,  and  the  distribution  of  tho 
seasons :  the  sun  has  listened  to  n>y  dictates,  and  passed 
from  tropic  to  tropic  by  my  direction  ;  the  clouds,  at  my 
call,  have  poured  their  waters,  and  tho  Nile  has  over- 
flowed at  my  command  ;  I  have  restrained  the  rage  of 
the  Dog-star,  and  mitigated  the  fervour  of  the  Crab.  The 
winds  alone  .  . .  have  hitherto  refused  my  authority.  .  .  . 
I  am  the  first  of  human  beings  to  whom  this  trust  has 
been  imparted."— Dr.  Johnson,  Rauelai,  xlL— xliii.  (1788). 

As'trophel,  Sir  Philip  Sidney. 
"  Phil.  Sid."  maybe  a  contraction  of  phiios 
sidus,  and  the  Latin  sidus  being  changed 
to  the  Greek  astron,  we  get  astron  phiios 
("star-lover").  The  "star"  he  loved 
was  Penelope  Devereux,  whom  he  calls 
Stella  ("star"),  and  to  whom  he  was 
betrothed.  Spenser  wrote  a  poem  called 
Astrophel,  to  the  memory  of  sir  Philip 
Sidney. 

But  while  as  Astrophel  did  live  and  reign. 
Amongst  all  swains  was  none  his  paragon. 
Spensei,  Colin  Clout's  Come  JIovic  Again  (1591). 

Astyn'ome  (4  syl.)  or  Chryseis, 
daughter  of  Chryses  priest  of  Apollo. 
When  Lyrnessus  was  taken,  Astynomc 
fell  to  the  share  of  Agamemnon;  but  the 
father  begged  to  be  allowed  to  ransom 
her.  Agamemnon  refused  to  comply, 
whereupon  the  priest  invoked  the  anger 
of  his  patron  god,  and  Apollo  sent  a 
plague  into  the  Grecian  camp.  This  was 
the  cause  of  contention  between  Aga- 
memnon and  Achilles,  and  forms  the 
•uhjct-t  of  Homer's  epic  called  T'o:  Iliad. 


As'wad,  son  of  Shedad  king  of  Ad. 
He  was  saved  alive  when  the  angel  of 
death  destroyed  Shedad  and  all  his  sub- 
jects, because  he  showed  mercy  to  a  camel 
which  had  been  bound  to  a  tomb  to 
starve  to  death,  that  it  might  serve  its 
master  on  the  day  of  resurrection. — > 
Southey,  Talaba  the  Destroyer  (1797). 

AsyTum  Chris'ti.  So  England  wa» 
called  by  the  Camisards  during  the 
scandalous  religious  persecutions  o-f  the 
"  Grand  Monarque"  (Louis  XIV.). 

Ataba'lipa,  the  last  emperor  oi 
Peru,  subdued  by  Pizarro,  the  Spanish 
general.  Milton  refers  to  him  in  Tara- 
dise  Lost,  xi.  409  (1G65). 

At'ala,  the  name  of  a  novel  by  Fran 
fois  Ren6  Chateaubriand.  Atala,  the 
daughter  of  a  white  man  and  a  Christian- 
ized Indian,  takes  an  oath  of  virginity, 
but  subsequently  falling  in  love  with 
Chactas,  a  young  Indian,  she  poisons 
herself  for  fear  that  she  may  be  tempted 
to  break  her  oath.  The  novel  was  received 
with  extraordinary  enthusiasm  (1801). 

(This  has  nothing  to  do  with  Attila, 
king  of  the  Huns,  nor  with  Athalie  (queen 
of  Judah),  the  subject  of  Racine's  great 
tragedy.) 

Atalanta,  of  Arcadia,  wished  to 
remain  single,  and  therefore  gave  out 
that  she  would  mam-  no  one  who  could 
not  outstrip  her  in  running  ;  but  if  any 
challenged  her  and  lost  the  race,  he  was 
to  lose  his  life.  Hippom'enes  won  the 
race  by  throwing  down  golden  apples, 
which  Atalanta  kept  stopping  to  pick  up. 
William  Morris  has  chosen  this  for  one 
of  his  talcs  in  Earthly  Paradise  (March). 

In  short,  she  thus  appeared  like  another  Atalanta. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Fortunio,"  168'J). 

AtaliTm,  the  inca  of  Peru,  most 
dearly  beloved  by  his  subjects,  on  whom 
Pizarro  makes  war.  An  old  man  says  of 
the  inca — 

The  virtues  of  our  monarch  alike  secure  to  him  th» 
affection  of  his  people  and  the  benign  regard  of  heav** 
— Sheridan,  Pizarro,  ii.  4  (from  Kotzebue),  (1789). 

Atba'ra  or  Black  River,  called  the 
"dark  mother  of  Egypt."  (See  Black 
RlVBK.) 

Ate  (2  syl.),  goddess  of  revenge 

With  him  along  is  come  the  mother  nueen, 
An  Ate,  stirring  him  to  blood  and  strife 

Shakespeare,  Kiny  John,  act  U.  sc.  1  (1596). 

Ate  (2  syl.),  "mother  of  debate  an  I 
all  dissension,"  the  friend  of  Duessti. 
She  squinted,  lied  with  a  false  tongue, 
and   ti:aligned  even  the  best  of  beings. 


ATELLAN  FABLES. 


Her  abode,  "far  under  ground  hard  by 

the  gates  of  hell,"  is  described  at  Length 
in  t>k.  iv,  1.  When  sir  Blandamour  was 
ehallenged  by  Braggadoccio  (canto  4), 
the  terms  of  the  contest  were  tlmt  the 
conqueror  should  have  "  Florimel,"  and 
the  other  "the  old  hag  Ate,"  who  was 
always  to  ride  beside  him  till  he  could 
pass  her  off  to  another. — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  iv.  (159C). 

Atell'an  Fables  (The),  in  Latin 
Atetla'na:  Fabulce,  a  species  of  farce  per- 
formed  by  the  ancient  Romans,  and  so 
called  from  Atella,  in  Campania.  They 
differed  from  comedy  because  no  magis- 
trates or  persons  of  rank  were  introduced  ; 
they  differed  from  the  tabernaria  or 
genre  drama,  because  domestic  life  was 
not  represented  in  them  ;  and  they  differed 
from  the  mimes,  because  there  was  neither 
buffoonery  nor  ribaldry.  They  were  nol 
performed  by  professional  actors,  but  by 
Roman  citizens  of  rank  ;  were  written 
in  the  Oscan  language,  and  were  dis- 
tinguished for  their  refined  humour. 

The)  were  supposed  to  be  direct))'  d.rivel  from  tbt 
tin.  mm. t  ilimi  of  U.e  Atulluu  Fables.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Uraina. 

A'tha,  a  country  in  Connnught,  which 
for  a  time  had  its  own  chief,  and  some- 
times usurped  the  throne  of  Ireland. 
Thus  Cairbar  (lord  of  Atha)  usurped  the 
throne,  but  was  disseateil  by  lin.-al,  who 
red  Conar  king  of  Ulster.  The  war 
of  Fingal  with  Cairbar  is  the  subject  of 
the  Ossianic  poem  Tem'ora,  so  called 
from  the  palace  of  that  name  where 
Cairbar  murdered  king  Cormac.  The 
kings  of  the  Fir-bolg  were  called  "lords 
of  Atha." — Oasian. 

Ath'alie  (3  s;/l.),  daughter  of  Ahab 
and  .lezabcl,  and  wife  of  .loram  king  of 
Judah.  She  massacred  all  the  remnant 
of  tli e house  of  David;  butJoaah  escaped, 
and  six  years  afterwards  was  proclaimed 

king.    Athalie,  attracted  by  the  shouts, 

went  to  the  temple,  and  was  killed  by 
the    mob.     This    forms    the    subject    and 

title    of    Racine's    chef-cTawre    (1691), 

and  WM  'Millie.  Rachel's  great  part. 

(Racine's  tragedy  of  Athalie,  queen  of 
Judah,  must  not  be  confounded  with 
Corneille's  tragedy  of  AttiLi,  king  of  the 
Huns.) 

Atheist's  Tragedy  ( Th  ).  by  Cyril 

1  'urneiir.     The  "atheist     is  1 1'Ainville, 

who  murders  bis  brother  bfontfern 
bis  estates. — (Seventeenth  century.) 

Ath'olBtano  (8  syl.),  sumamed  "  The 


63  ATIIOS. 

Unready,"   thane   of   ConingsbUTgh.--8n 

W.  Scott,  /■  ■ .        time,  Richard  I.). 

***  "Unready"  does  not  mean  ut\j,re- 
p>irol  but  mjudi  iotU  (from  Anglo-Saxon, 
rdd,  "wisdom,  counsel"). 

Athe'na  (Juno)  once  meant  "the  air," 
but  in  Homer  this  goddess  is  the  repre- 
sentative of  civic  prudence  and  military 
skill  ;  the  armed  protectress  of  states 
and  cities. 

Athe'nian  Bee,  riato,  so  called 
from  the  honeyed  sweetness  of  his  o  m- 
position.  It  is  said  that  a  bee  settled  on 
his  lip  while  he  was  an  infant  asleep  in 
his  cradle,  and  indicated  that  "honeyed 
words"  would  fall  from  his  lij  >.  and  (low 
from  his  pen.  Sophocles  is  called  "The 
Attic  Bee." 

Athenodo'rus,  the  Stoic,  told  Angus* 
tus  the  best  way  to  restrain  unruh 
was  to  repeat  the  alphabet  before  giving 
way  to  it. 

The  sacred  line  he  did  hut  once  repeat. 

And  laid  the  storm,  and  cooled  the  rating  heat 

TJckaO,  r\<  uom-bvot. 

Ath'ens. 

Qtrmaa  Athens,  Saxe-Weimar. 

Athena  of  Ireland,  Belfast. 

Modern  Athena,  Edinburgh,  so  called 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  Acropolis, 
when  viewed  from  the  sea  opposite. — 
Willis. 

Mohammedan  Athens,  Bagdad  in  the 
time  of  Haroun-al-Raschid. 

Athena  of  the  Ni  ■  World,  Boston, 
noted  for  its  literature  and  literary  in- 
stitutions. 

Athena  of  the  North,  Copenhagen,  un- 
rivalled for  its  size  in  the  richness  of  rta 
literary  and  antique  stores,  the  number 
of  its  societies  for  the  encouragen 
arts,  sciences,  and  general  learning,  to- 
gether with   the   many  UlustriOBS 

on  the  roll  of  dtizenahip. 

Athena  Of  •''.  Zurich,  so  called 

from  the  number  of  protestant  r. 
who    resorted     thither,    and    inundated 
Europe  with  their  works  on  oontn  . 
divinity.    Coverdale'a  Bible  was  printed 
at    Zurich    in     L686 ;     here     Zuingliua 
preached,  and  lure  Lavater  lived. 
Athena  of  i  i  a,  in  Bpair^ 

called  in  the  middle  : 

Ath'liot,    the   moat     wretched    of    all 

women. 

Ilrf  BOnJbri  1.  <lf  t.-r  bOT  u  . 

Thftt  DOM  can  S»V  inor,  GMM  of  srlef  than  aha 

Wm. Bwi  ■     ...i  ...*.t.«,u  j|i«in 

Ath'os.      I  Mnoc'rates,  a  sculptor,  prr- 
to  Alexander  to  hew  mount  AUio» 


ATHUNREE. 


64 


AUBREY. 


into  a  statue  representing  the  great  con- 
queror, with  a  city  in  his  left  hand,  and 
a  basin  in  his  right  to  receive  all  the 
waters  which  flowed  from  the  mountain. 
Alexander  greatly  approved  of  the  sug- 
gestion, but  objected  to  the  locality. 

And  hew  out  a  huge  mountain  of  pathos, 
Aa  Philip's  son  proposed  to  do  with  Athos. 

Byron,  Imn  Juan,  xii.  86. 

Athun'ree,  in  Connaught,  where 
rras  fought  the  great  battle  between 
Felim  O'Connor  on  the  side  of  the  Irish, 
and  William  de  Bourgo  on  the  side  of  the 
English.  The  Irish  lost  10,000  men,  and 
the  whole  tribe  of  the  O'Connors  fell  ex- 
cept Fe'lim's  brother,  who  escaped  alive. 

At'invus,  Baseness  of  Mind  personified 
in  The  Purple  Island  (1633),  by  Phineas 
Fletcher.  "  A  careless,  idle  swain  .  .  . 
his  work  to  eat,  drink,  sleep,  and  purge 
his  reins."  Fully  described  in  canto  viii. 
(Greek,  atimos,  "one  dishonoured.") 

A'tin  (Strife),  the  squire  of  Pyr'- 
ochles. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  ii.  4,  5,  6 
(1590). 

Atlante'an  Shoulders,  shoulders 
broad  and  strong,  like  those  of  Atlas, 
which  support  the  world. 

Sage  he  \ tleclzebub]  stood, 
With  Atlruit.  an  shoulders,  fit  to  hear 
The  weight  of  mightiest  monarchies. 

Milton.  Paradise  Lost,  ii.  305  (1663). 

Atlan'tis.  Lord  Bacon  wrote  an 
allegorical  fiction  called  Atlantis  or  The 
New  Atlantis.  It  is  an  island  in  the 
Atlantic,  on  which  the  author  feigns  that 
he  was  wrecked,  and  there  he  found  every 
model  arrangement  for  the  promotion  of 
science  and  the  perfection  of  man  as  a 
social  being. 

A  moral  country— but  I  hold  my  band. 
For  I  disdain  to  write  an  Atlantis. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xL  87. 

Atlas'  Shoulders,  enormous  strength. 
Atlas  king  of  Mauritania  is  said  to  sup- 
port the  world  on  his  shoulders. 

Change  thy  shape  and  .-hake  off  age  .  .  .  Get  thee  Medea's 
kettle  and  be  h-iled  anew,  come  forth  with  .  .  .  callous 
bands,  a  chine  of  steel.  andAUas'  shoulders. — W.  Congreve, 
Low  Jar  Love,  iv.  tliiuai. 

Atos'sa.  So  Pope  calls  Sarah  duchess 
of  Marlborough,  because  she  was  the  great 
friend  of  lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu, 
whom  he  calls  Sappho. 

But  what  are  these  to  great  Atossa's  mind  f 

Pope. 

(The  great  friend  of  Sappho  was  Atthis. 
By  Atossa  is  generally  understood  Vashti, 
daughter  of  Cyrus  and  wife  of  Ahasuerua 
of  the  Old  Testament.) 


At'ropos,  one  of  the  Fates,  whoee 
office  is  to  cut  the  thread  of  life  with  a 
pair  of  scissors. 

.  .  .  nor  shines  the  knife. 
Nor  shears  of  Atropos  before  their  vision. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  iL  64 

Attic  Bee  (The),  Soph'ocles  (b.c. 
495-405).  Plato  is  called  "The  Athe- 
nian Bee." 

Attic  Boy  (The),  referred  to  by 
Milton  in  his  H  Penseroso,  is  Ceph'alos, 
who  was  beloved  by  Aurora  or  Mem,  but 
was  married  to  Procris.  He  was  fossion- 
ately  fond  of  hunting. 

Till  civil-suited  Morn  appear, 

Not  tricked  and  flounced,  as  she  was  wont 

With  the  Attic  boy  to  hunt. 

But  kerchiefed  In  a  comely  cloud. 

11  Penteroeo  (1638>. 

Attic  Muse  (The),  Xen'ophon  the 
historian  (b.c.  444-359). 

At'ticus  (The  English),  Joseph  Addi- 
son (1672-1719). 

Who  but  must  laugh  If  such  a  man  there  be. 
Who  would  not  weep  if  Atticus  were  he  T 

Pope,  Prologue  to  the  Satire*. 

The  Christian  Atticus,  Reginald  Heber, 
bishop  of  Calcutta  (1783-1826). 

The  Irish  Atticus,  George  Faulkner, 
printer  and  author  (1700-1775). 

At'tila,  one  of  the  tragedies  of  Pierre 
Corneille  (1667).  This  king  of  the  Huns, 
usually  called  "  The  Scourge  of  God," 
must  not  be  confounded  with  "  Athalie,'' 
daughter  of  Jezabel  and  wife  of  Joram, 
the  subject  and  title  of  Racine's  chef- 
d'oeuvre,  and  Mdlle.  Rachel's  chief  cha- 
racter. 

Attreba'tes  (4  syl.) — Praytnn  makes 
it  3  syl. — inhabited  part  of  Hampshire  and 
Berkshire.  The  primary  city  was  Callfiba 
(Silchester). — Richard  of  Cirencester,  vi. 
10. 

The  Attrebates  In  Bark  unto  the  bank  of  Thames. 
Drayton.  Polyolbion,  xri.  (1G12L 

("  In  Bark  "  means  in  Berkshire.) 
Aubert  ( Therene),  the  heroine  of  C. 
Nodier's  romance  of  that  name  (1819). 
The  story  relates  to  the  adventures  of  a 
young  royalist  in  the  French  Revolution  - 
ary  epoch,  who  had  disguised  himself  in 
female  apparel  to  escape  detection. 

Aubrey,  a  widower  for  eigbte** 
years.  At  the  death  of  his  wife  he  com- 
mitted his  infant  daughter  to  the  care 
of  Mr.  Bridgemore  a  merchant,  and  lived 
abroad.  He  returned  to  London  after  an 
absence  of  eighteen  years,  and  found 
that  Bridgemore  had  abused  his  trust,  and 
his  daughter  had  been  obliged  to  quit  the 


AUBRI'S  DOG. 


U 


AUGUSTA. 


house    and    seek     protection    with    Mr. 
Mortimer. 

Ait>iusta  Aubrey,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Aubrey,  in  love  with  Francis  TyrreL  the 
nephew  of  Mr.  Mortimer.  She  in  snubbed 
find  persecuted  by  the  vulvar  Lucinda 
Rridgemore,  and  most  wantonly  per- 
secuted by  lord  Abberville,  but  after 
passing  through  many  a  most  painful 
visitation,  she  is  happilv  married  to  the 
man  of  her  choice. — Cumberland,  The 
fashionable  Lover  (1780). 

AuTDri's  Dog  showed  a  most  un- 
accountable hatred  to  Richard  de  Macaire, 
snarling  and  living  at  him  whenever  lie 
appeared  in  sight.  Now  Aubri  had 
nurdered  by  some  one  in  the  forest 
of  I'.ondy,  and  this  animosity  of  the  dog 
directed  suspicion  towards  Kicliard  de 
Macaire.  Richard  was  taken  up,  and 
condemned  to  single  combat  with  the 
dog,  by  whom  he  was  killed.  In  his 
dying  moments  he  confessed  himself  to 
be  the  murderer  of  Aubri.     (See  Dog.) 

Le  combat  cntra  Mac-iirc  et  le  chien  cut  lieu  a  Peril, 
dans  l'lle  Louvlcrs.      On    place  ce    fait    niervelllrui  <  u 
Ufa,  mala  ...   11  est  bwn  anu'riiur,  oa>  it 
ti.mne  it^s  la  vi-  i-l«-   precedent   par  AlWrlc   dos  TroU- 
Foutaines. — Bouillet,  Met.  L'nivertel,  etc. 

Auch'termuch'ty  (John),  the  Kin- 
ross carrier. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Audhum'bla,  the  cow  created  by 
Slirt  to  nourish  Yniir.  She  supplied  him 
with  four  rivers  of  milk,  and  was  herself 
nourished  by  Licking  dew  from  the  locks. 
— Scandinavian  Mythology, 

Audley.  Is  John  Awllr;/  here?  In 
Richardson's  travelling  theatrical  bootli 
this  question  was  asked  aloud,  to  signify 
that  the  performance  was  to  be  brought 
to  a  close  as  soon  as  possible,  as  the 
platform  was  crowded  with  new-comers, 
waiting  to  be  admitted  (1766  1886). 

The  same  question  was  asked  by  Shuter 
(in  17.r>'.i),  whose  travelling  company  pre- 
ceded Richardson's. 

Au'droy,  a  country  wench,  who  jilted 

William  for  Touchstone.  She  is  an  ex- 
cellent specimen  of  a  wondering  she- 
gawky.  She  thanks  the  gods  thai  M she 
is  foul,"  and  if  to  be  poetical  is  not  to  I  . 
honest,   she  thanks  the  gods  also  that 

''she  is  not  poetical." — Shakespeare,  Ai 

)'o><  Like  It  (1698 

iracter  of  "  Awlrry."  flint  "f  »  fansta  f  ••'!.  llxml  I 
oot  dure  Inrn  m  a  bar  ln»t 

»|.|«UTHH-<-  IO    |Ml|.ii.      .    Hi-  1.1-1    H .f  II  •    ' 

was,    "Ami    now    |.».r    An.ll-i    btdl    mu    »li    i. 
(May  20.  lHnsi.  -  J  una  SmIUi,  Mtmoirt,  i  re.  PP40), 

A.u'goan  Stables.    Augeas  king  of 


the  F.peans,  in  Flis,  kept  3000  oxen  for 
thirty  years  in  stalls  which  were  never 
cleansed.  It  was  one  of  the  twelve 
labours  of  Ilcr'cuir-s  to  cleanse 
stables  in  one  day.  This  he  accomplished 
by  letting  two  rivers  into  them. 

If  the  Augean  •table  [o/  dramatic  impurirjr]  m  n< « 
sufficiently  cleansed,  the  streiun   of  public  op£  »  .. 

fairly  directed  ak-almt  its  c^ii|(luai«raled  Impuriliaa— 8b 
W.  Bentt,  The  Oruina. 

Augusta,  London  [  Trinobantina] 
was  so  called  by  the  Romans. 

Whan  full  1"  view  Aucusta  s  spires  are  teen. 
With  flowery  lai  .  woods  betwees 

A  bumble  bubitali.  u  r.»*.  1- 
Wliere  Tim  |  rolls  his  ample  tide. 

Falcuiier,  The  Shiyvreck.  1.  3  {i;M) 

Awpts'ta,  mother  of  Gustavus  Yasa. 
She  is  a  prisoner  of  Christian  II.  kin„'  of 
Denmark,  but  the  kim;  promises 

her   free    if    she   will    induce    her    son   to 
submission.     Augusta  refuses,  but  in  the 
war    which     follows,     Gustavus 
(  hri.-tian,   and   becomes  king  of  8n 

— II.  Brooke,  Oust  n  •  ■»>)• 

txta,     a    title    conferred     by     the 
Roman  emperors  on   their  wr 
daughters,  mothers,  and  even  concubines. 

It  had  to  1 ..nt'erred  ;   fur  even  tl  I 

of  an  Augustus  was  not  an  Augusta  until 
after  her  coronation. 

1.  Kmpkkssks.  I.ivia  and  Julia  were 
both  Augusta)  so  were  Julia  (wife  of 
Tiberius),  LVfessalina,  Agrippina.  Octavia, 
ea,  Statilia,  Sabina,  Doinitilla, 
Domitia,  and  Faustina.  In  imperials  the' 
wife  of  an  emperor  is  spoken  of  u 
Augusta :  Augusta 

nostra;   Dvrina   .'  Rut  tlie 

title  had  to  be  conferred  ;  hence  we   read, 

"Domitian     oxorem     suam     .1  1 

jussit  DUnCUpari  ;"  and  "  liavia  Titia::a, 
eadem  die,  uxor  ejus  [i.e.  I'.rtinax] 
Augusta  est  appellatn." 

'J.    M OTHBB8  Or  GRAIfDHOTRna.    An- 
tonia,    grandmother     of     Caligula, 
created     Augusta,        Claudius     urn    ■ 

mother  Antonia  August  1  afu-r  her  death. 
Beliogab'alos  had  coins  inscribed  with 
"  Julia  Mi  -  r  <  f  his 

grandmother;  liammasa,  mother  of  Alex- 
ander Severus,  is  styled  Augusta  on 
coins;     and     so     is     Helena,     mot 

tine. 

-11  us.  BonoriUfl  speaks  of  his 
sister   as   "  vciicraliilis  rniai'ft 

DOBtra."  Trajan  lias  coins  inscribed  with 
"  I  >iva  Marci.-ma 

4.  Daoortkrs.    nallia  Scandlla  the 
•id  Didia  the  daoghtei  of  Didiua 
Julian  us,  were  both    Augusta,     Titus  in- 
scribed on  coins  his  daughter  as  "Julia 


AUGUSTAN  AGE. 


66 


AUSTRIAN  LIP. 


Sabhia  Augusta  ; "  there  are  coins  of  the 
emperor  Decius  inscribed  with  "  Herennia 
Etruscilla  Augusta"  and  "  Sallustia  Au~ 
gusta,"  sisters  of  the  emperor  Decius. 

5.  Others.  Matidia,  niece  of  Trajan, 
is  called  Augusta  on  coins  ;  Constantine 
Monomachus  called  his  concubine  Au- 
gusta. 

Augus'tan  Age,  the  golden  age  of 
a  people's  literature,  so  called  because 
while  Augustus  was  emperor,  Rome  was 
noted  for  its  literary  giants. 

The  Augustan  Age  of  England,  the 
Elizabethan  period.  That  of  Anne  is 
called  the  "  Silver  Age." 

Tlie  Awjustan  Aqe  of  France,  that  of 
Louis  Xlf .  (1«10-1740). 

The  Augustan  Age  of  Germany,  nine- 
teenth century. 

The  Augustan  Age  of  Portugal,  the 
reign  of  don  Alphonso  Henrique.  In 
tli is  reign  Brazil  was  occupied  ;  the 
African  coast  explored  ;  the  sea-route  to 
India  was  traversed  ;  and  Camoena 
flourished. 

Augusti'na,  the  Maid  of  Saragoza. 
She  was  only  22  when,  her  lover  being 
shot,  she  mounted  the  battery  in  his 
place.  The  French,  after  a  siege  of  two 
months,  were,  obliged  to  retreat,  August 
15,  1808. 

Such  were  the  exploits  of  the  Maid  of  Saragoza,  who 
by  her  valour  elevated  herself  to  the  highest  rank  of 
heroines.  When  the  author  m  at  Seville,  she  walked 
daily  on  the  Prado.  decorated  with  medals  and  orders,  by 
order  of  the  Junta. — Lord  Byron. 

Auld  Robin  Gray  was  written 
(1772)  by  lady  Anne  Barnard,  to  raise  a 
little  money  for  an  old  nurse.  Lady 
Anne's  maiden  name  was  Lindsay,  and 
her  father  was  earl  of  Balcarras. 

Aullay,  a  monster  horse  with  an 
elephant's  trunk.  The  creature  is  as 
much  bigger  than  an  elephant,  a3  an 
elephant  is  lirger  than  a  sheep.  King 
Baly  of  India  rode  on  an  aullay. 

The  aullay,  husest  of  four-footed  kind. 

The  aullay-horse,  Uiat  in  his  force. 
With  elephantine  trunk,  could  bind 
And  lift  the  elephant,  and  on  the  wind 
Whirl  him  away,  u-ith  sway  and  swing, 
E'en  like  a  pebble  from  a  practised  sling. 

SouUiey,  Curte  of  Kehama,  xvi.  2  (1809). 

Aumerle  [O.murl'],  a  French  corrup- 
tion of  Albemarle  (in  Normandy). 

Aurelius,  a  young  nobleman  who 
tried  to  win  to  himself  Do'rigen,  the  wife 
of  Arvir'agus,  but  Dorigen  told  him  she 
would  never  yield  to  his  suit  till  all  the 
rocks  of  the  British  coast  were  removed, 
"tnd  there  n'is  no  stone  y-secn."    Aure- 


lius by  magic  made  all  the  rocks  disap- 
pear, but  when  Dorigen  went,  at  her 
husband's  bidding,  to  keep  her  promise, 
Aurelius,  seeing  how  sad  she  was,  made 
answer,  he  would  rather  die  than  injure 
so  true  a  wife  and  noble  a  gentleman. — 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  ("  The  Frank 
Lin's  Tale,"  1388). 

(This  is  eubstantally  the  same  as  Boc- 
caccio's tale  of  Dianura  and  Gilberto,  x.  5. 
See  Diaxoka.) 

Aurelius,  elder  brother  of  Uther  thn 
pendragon,  and  uncle  of  Arthur,  but  he 
died  before  the  hero  was  born. 

Even  sicke  of  a  flixe  (ill  of  the  flux]  as  he  was,  ha 
caused  himself  to  be  carried  forth  on  a  litter;  witn 
whose  presence  the  people  were  so  encouraged,  that  en- 
countering with  the  Saxons  they  wan  the  victoria. — Hollo- 
abed,  Uittory  of  Scotland,  99. 

.  .  .  once  I  read 
That  stout  Pendragon  on  his  litter  sick 
Came  to  the  field,  and  vanquished  his  foes. 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  17.  act  iii  sc  2  (1589) 

Auro'ra's  Tears,  the  morning  dew. 
These  tears  are  shed  for  the  death  of  her 
son  Memnon,  who  was  slain  by  Achilles 
at  the  siege  of  Troy. 

Auso'nia,  Italy,  so  called  from  Au- 
son,  son  of  Ulysses. 

.  .  .  romantic  Spain,— 
Gay  lilled  fields  of  France,  or.  more  refined. 
The  soft  Ausonla's  monumental  reign. 
Campbell.  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  U.  IS  (1800) 

Austin,  the  assumed  name  of  the 
lord  of  Clarinsal,  when  he  renounced  the 
world  and  became  a  monk  of  St.  Nicholas. 
Theodore,  the  grandson  of  Alfonso,  was 
his  son,  and  rightful  heir  to  the  posses- 
sions and  title  of  the  count  of  Narbonne. 
— Robert  Jephson,  Count  of  Narbonne 
(1782). 

Aus'tria  and  the  Lion's  Hide. 
There  is  an  old  tale  that  the  arch-duke  of 
Austria  killed  Richard  I.,  and  wore  as  a 
spoil  the  lion's  hide  which  belonged  to 
our  English  monarch.  Hence  Paalcon- 
bridge  (the  natural  son  of  Richard)  says 
jecringly  to  the  arch-duke : 

Thou  wear  a  lion's  hide  !  doff  It  for  shame, 
And  hang  a  calf-skin  on  those  recreant  limbs. 

Shakespeare,  King  John,  act  iii.  sc.  1  (1596). 

(The  point  is  better  understood  when  it 
is  borne  in  mind  that  fools  and  jesters 
were  dressed  in  calf-skins.) 

Aus'trian  Xiip  {The),  a  protruding 
under  jaw,  with  a  heavy  lip  disinclined 
to  shut  close.  It  came  from  kaiser  Maxi- 
milian I.,  son  of  kaiser  Frederick  III.,  and 
was  inherited  from  his  mother  Cimburgis, 
a  Polish  princess,  duke  of  Masoria's 
daughter,  and  hence  called  the  "Cu»- 
burgis  Under  Lip." 


AUTOLYCOS. 


n7 


AVI  LION. 


Autol'ycos,  the  craftiest  of  thieves. 
He  stole  the  flocks  of  his  neighbours,  and 
changed  their  marks.  Sis'yphos  out- 
witted him  by  marking  his  sheep  under 
their  feet. 

Autol'ycus,  a  pedlar  and  witty 
rogue,  in  The  Winter's  Tale,  by  Shake- 
speare (1604). 

Av'alon  or  Avallon,  Glastonbury, 
generally  called  the  "isle  of  Avalon." 
The  abode  of  king  Arthur,  ObCron, 
Morgaine  la  Fee,  the  Fees  generally,  and 
sometimes  called  the  "island  of  the 
blest."  It  is  very  fully  described  in  the 
French  romance  of  0<jicr  Ic  Danois. 
Tennyson  calls  it  Avil'ion  (7.0.).  Dray- 
ton, in  his  Polyolbion,  styles  it "  the  ancient 
isle  of  Avalon,"  and  the  Romans  "  insula 
Avalonia." 

O  three-time*  famous  Isle !  where  Is  that  place  that  might 
Ba  with  thyself  compared  for  glory  ami  delight. 
Whilst  Glastonbury  stood? 

M.  Drayton.  Polyolbion,  HI.  (161J). 

Avan'turine  or  Avon'turine  (4 
ml.),  a  variety  of  rock-crystal  having 
a  spangled  appearance,  caused  by  scales  of 
mica  or  crvstals  of  copper.  The  name 
is  borrowed  from  that  of  the  artificial 
gold-spangled  glass  obtained  in  the  first 
instance  par  aventure  ("by  accident"). 

.  .  .  and  the  hair 
All  over  glanced  with  daw-drop  or  with  gem. 
lata  sparkles  In  the  stone  avaiiturlne. 

Tennyson,  Uareth  and  Lynttt*. 

Avare  ( V).  The  plot  of  this  comedy 
is  as  follows  :  HarpagOD  the  miser  and 
his  son  Clc'ante  (2  syl.)  both  want  to 
marry  Mariano  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  An- 
Belme,  alias  don  Thomas  d'Alburci,  of 
Naples.  Clc'ante  gets  possession  of  a 
casket  of  gold  belonging  to  the  miser, 
and  hidden  in  the  garden.  'When  Har- 
pagon  discovers  his  loss  he  raves  like  a 
mad  man,  and  Cleante  gives  him  the  choice 
of  Mariane  or  the  casket.  The  miser 
chooses  the  casket,  and  leaves  Hie  young 
la.ly  to  his  son.  The  second  plot  is 
connected  with  Klise  (2  syl.),  the  miser's 
daughter,  promised  in  marriage  by  the 
father  to  his  friend  Anselme  (2  syl.)  ; 
but  Klise  is  herself  in  love  with  V.-ilere, 
who,  however,  turns  out,  to  be  the  BOB  oJ 
Anselme.  As  soon  as  Anselme  discovers 
that  Valere  is  >>is  son,  who  he  thought 

had  I n  lost  ut,  sea,  he  resigns  to  him 

Blise,  and  so  in  both  instances  the  young 
(oiks  marry  together,  and  the  "M  ones 
rivi  up  their  unnatural  rivalry. — Moliexe, 
It  Avar*  (1667). 

Ava'tar,  the  decent  of  Brahma  to 
this  earth.     It  is  Biiid  in  Hindu  mytho- 


logy  that  Brahma  has  already  'i'B.-ended 
nine  times  in  various  forms,  but  is  yet  to 
appear  a  tenth,  in  the  figure  of  a  warrior 
upon  a  white  horse,  to  cut  off  sil  incor- 
rigible offenders. 

Nine  times  hare  Brahma's  wheels  of  lightning  hurled 

His  awful  presence  o'er  the  alarmed  world  : 

Nine  times  hath  Guilt,  through  all  his  giant  frame. 

Convulsive  trembled,  as  the  Mighty  came  ; 

Nine  times  hath  suffering  Mercy  spared  In  vain.— 

But  heaven  shall  burst  her  starry  gates  again. 

He  conies  I  dread  Brahma  shakes  the  surdess  sky  .  .  . 

Heaven's  fiery  horse,  beneath  Ml  warrior -fi.nn. 

Paws  the  light  clouds,  and  gallops  on  the  storm. 

Campbell,  /'Itiuurw  of  Uoft.  L  (17W). 

Ave'nel  (2  syl.),  Julian  Avenel,  the 
usurper  of  Avenel  Castle. 

Lady  Alice  Avenel,  widow  of  s.i 
Walter. 

Man/  Avenel,  daughter  of  lady  Alice. 
She  niarries  Halbert  Glendinning. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  (date  1559). 

Ave'nel  (Sir  Halbert  GlemUnninj,  hnijht 
of),  same  as  the  bridegroom  in  The 
Monastery. 

The  laily  Man/  of  Avenel,  same  as  J  he 
bride  in  The  Mono  tery. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Tlie  Wiite  Lady  of  Avenel,  a  spirit 
mysteriously  connected  with  the  Avenel 
family,  as  the  Irish  banshee  is  with  true 
Mile'sian  families.  She  announces  good 
or  ill  fortune,  and  manifests  a  general 
interest  in  the  family  to  which  she  is 
attached,  but  to  others  she  acts  with  con- 
siderable caprice;  thus  she  shows  un- 
mitigated malignitv  to  the  sacristan  and 
the  robber.  Any  'truly  virtuous  mortal 
has  commanding  power  over  her. 

Noon  gleams  on  the  lake. 

Noon  glows  on  the  fell ; 
Awake  IMS,  nw:ik.\ 

Wl.  ■■  maid  Of  Avenel  ! 
Sir  W.  Bcott,  The  Monastery  (lime,  KlUabftnk 

Aven'ger  of  Blood,  the  man  who 
had  the  birthright,  according  to  the 
Jewish  polity,  of  taking  vengeance  on 
him  who  had  killed  one  of  his  relatives, 

.  .  .  tho  Chrlstleas  ode. 
That  must  have  life  for  a  Mow. 

TennvxMi.  Maud,  II.  1.  L 

Av'icen  or  Abou-im-8  n  ■-.  id  Arabian 
physician  and  philosopher,  horn  at 
Sh'ira/.,  in  Persia  (980  1087).  He  com- 
posed  a  treatise  ^<^  logic,  and  another  on 
metaphysics.  Avicen  is  called  both  the 
Hippo'cratea  and  the  Aristotle  of  the 
Arabs. 

Of  phyeicka  «peake  for  mo.  king  Avicen  .  .  . 
Mi  ulorv  never  •»•!  on  thalla, 

Whan  men  hare  mind  '""'~ 

|  K,  rru>U  n'  »  arrr.  lvll.  (diet  IS  7). 

Avil'ion  ("<  "«*")i  ne** 

the  terrestrial  paradise.    (See  Avaia)».) 


AYLMRR. 

Where  falls  not  hall,  or  rain,  or  any  snow. 
Nor  ever  wind  blows  loudly  ;  but  it  lies 
Deep-meadowed,  happy,  fair  with  orchard-lawn* 
And  bowery  hollows  crowned  with  summer  sea. 
Where  1  lArthur\  will  heal  me  of  my  grterou  wound. 
Tennyson,  H arte  d' Arthur. 

Ayl'mer  (Mrs.),  a  neighbour  0f  sir 
Henry  Lee. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  WbodttocA 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Ay'mer  (Prior),  a  jovial  Benedictine 
monk,  prior  of  Jorvaulx  Abbey. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ay'mon,  duke  of  Dordona  (Dor- 
doijne).  He  had  four  sons,  Rinaldo, 
Guicciardo,  Alardo,  and  Ricciardetto 
(i.e.  Renaud,  Guiscard,  Alard,  and 
Richard),  whose  adventures  are  the  sub- 
ject of  a  French  romance,  entitled  Les 
Qwitre  filz  Ayiaon,  by  H.  de  Alleneuve 
(11G5-1223). 

Az'amat-Bat'uk,  pseudonym  of  M. 
Thiebland,  war  correspondent  of  the 
Pall-Mall  Gazette,  in  1870. 

Aza'zel,  one  of  the  ginn  or  jinn,  all  of 
whom  were  made  of  "smokeless  tin'," 
that  is,  the  lire  of  the  Simoom.  These 
jinn  inhabited  the  earth  before  man  was 
created,  but  on  account  of  their  persistent 
disobedience  were  driven  from  it  by  an 
army  of  angels.  When  Adam  was 
created,  and  God  commanded  all  to  wor- 
ship him,  Azazel  insolently  made  answer, 
"  Me  hast  Thou  created  of  fire,  and  him  of 
earth;  why  should  I  worship  him?" 
Whereupon  God  changed  the  jinnee  into 
a  devil,  and  called  him  Iblis  or  Despair. 
In  hell  he  was  made  the  standard-bearer 
of  Satan's  host. 

Upreared 
His  mighty  standard  ;  that  proud  honour  claimed 
Azazel  as  bis  ri/ht. 

Milton.  Paradise  Lost.  I  534  (1665). 

Azla,  a  suttee,  the  young  widow  of 
Ar'valan,  son  of  Keha'ma. — Southey, 
Curse  oj  Kehama,  i.  10  (18UU). 

Az'o,  husband  of  Parisi'na.  He  was 
marquis  d'Este,  of  Fcrrara,  and  had 
already  a  natural  son,  Hugo,  by  Bianca, 
who,  "  never  made  his  bride,"  died  of 
a  broken  heart.  Hugo  was  betrothed 
to  Parisina  before  she  married  the  mar- 
quis, and  after  she  became  hi3  mother- 
in-law,  they  loved  on  still.  One  night 
Azo  heard  Parisina  in  sleep  express  her 
love  for  Hugo,  and  the  angry  marquis 
condemned  his  son  to  death.  Although 
he  spared  his  bride,  no  one  ever  knew 
what  became  of  her. — Byron,  Parisina. 


68  BAAL 


Az'rael  (3  s</l.),  the  angel  of  death 
(called  Raphael  in  the  Gospel  of  Barna- 
bas).— Al  Koran. 

Az'tecas,  an  Indian  tribe,  which  con- 
quered the  Hoamen  (2  ?!/!.),  seized  their 
territory,  and  established  themselves  on 
a  southern  branch  of  the  Missouri,  having 
Az'tlan  as  their  imperial  city.  When 
Madoc  conquered  the  Aztecas  in  the 
twelfth  century,  he  restored  the  Hoa- 
men, and  the  Aztecas  migrated  to  Mexico. 
—Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Az'tlan,  the  imperial  city  of  tin 
Az'tecas,  on  a  southern  branch  of  the 
Missouri.  It  belonged  to  the  Hoamen  _• 
St//.),  but  this  tribe  being  conquered  by 
the  Aztecas,  the  city  followed  the  late  of 
war.  When  Madoc  led  his  colony  to 
North  America,  he  took  the  part  "f  the 
Hoamen,  and,  conquering  the  Aztecas, 
restored  the  city  and  all  the  territory 
I>ortaining  thereto  to  the  queen  Erill'yab, 
and  the  Aztecas  migrated  to  Mexico.  The 
city  Aztlan  is  described  as  "full  of 
palaces,  gardens,  groves,  and  houses  "  (in 
the  twelfth  century). — Southey,  Madoc 
(1805). 

Azuce'na,  a  gipsy.    Manri'co  is  sup- 
to  lie  her  son,  Got  is  in  reality  the 
son  of  Garzia  (brother  of   the  conte  di 
Luna). — Verdi,  //  Trovato're  (1853). 

Azyoru'ca(4s.'//.),  queen  of  the  snakes 
and  dragons.  She  resides  in  Patala,  or  the 
infernal  regions. — lliiuiu  Mythulvjy. 

There  Azyomca  Tolled  her  awful  form 
I  n  tho-c  eternal  shadows.     There  she  sat. 
And  as  the  (remhling;  souls  who  crowd  around 
The  judgement  seat  received  the  <Um  of  tite. 
Her  giant  arms,  extending  from  the  cloud. 
Drew  thorn  withm  the  darkness. 

Southey,  Curse  of  Kehama.  xxiU.  IS  (18061. 


Baal,  plu.  Baalim,  a  general  name 
for  all  the  Syrian  gods,  ss  Ash'taroth  was 
for  the  goddesses.  The  general  version 
of  the  legend  of  Baal  is  the  same  as  that 
of  Adonis,  Thammuz,  Osiris,  and  the 
Arabian  myth  of  El  Khouder.  All  alle- 
gorize the  Sun,  six  months  above  and  six 
months  below  the  equator.  As  a  title  of 
honour,  the  word  Baal,  Bal,  Bel,  etc., 
enters  into  a  large  number  of  Phoenician 


BAALBEC  OF  IRELAND. 


69 


BACCHUS. 


and  Carthaginian  proper  names,  as  Hanni- 
bal, Ilasdru-bal,  Bel-shazzar,  etc. 

.  .  .  [the]  general  names 
Of  Baalim  and  Ashlaroth :  those  male; 
These  female. 

Milton,  I'aridue  Lott,  1.  422  (1665). 

Baalbec  of  Ireland,  Kilmallock 
in  Limerick,  noted  for  its  ruins. 

Bab  {Lady),  a  waiting  maid  on  a  lady 
bo  called,  who  assumes  the  airs  with  the 
name  and  address  of  her  mistress.  Her 
fellow-servants  and  other  servants  address 
her  as  "  lady  Bab,"  or  "  Your  ladyship." 
•She  is  a  fine  wench,  "  but  by  no  means 
particular  in  keeping  her  teeth  clean." 
She  says  she  never  reads  but  one  "  book, 
which  is  Shikspur."  And  she  calls 
Lovel  and  Freeman,  two  gentlemen  of 
fortune,  "  downright  hottenpots." — Rev. 
J.  Townley,  Uiyh  Life  Below  iitairs  (1763). 

Ba'ba,  chief  of  the  eunuchs  in  the 
court  of  the  sultana  Gulbev'az. — Byron, 
Don  Juan,  v.  28,  etc.  (1820). 

Baba  (AH),  who  relates  the  story  of  the 
"  Forty  Thieves  "  in  the  Arabian  Nights? 
Entertainments.  He  discovered  the 
thieves'  cave  while  hiding  in  a  tree,  and 
heard  the  magic  word  "  Ses'ame,"  at 
which  the  door  of  the  cave  opened  and 
shut. 

Cassim  Baba,  brother  of  Ali  Baba,  who 
entered  the  cave  of  the  forty  thieves,  but 
forgot  the  pass-word,  and  stood  crying 
"Open  Wheat !"  "  Open  Barley  !"  to  the 
door,  which  obeyed  no  sound  but  "  Open 
Sesame ! " 

Baba  Mus'tapha,  a  cobbler  who 
sewed  together  the  four  pieces  into  which 
Cassim's  body  had  been  cleft  by  the  forty 
thieves.  When  the  thieves  discovered 
that  the  body  had  been  taken  away,  they 
Bent  one  of  the  band  into  the  city,  to 
ascertain  who  had  died  of  late.  The  man 
happened  to  enter  the  cobbler's  stall,  and 
falling  into  a  gossip  heard  about  the  body 
which  the  cobbler  had  sewed  together. 
Mustapha  pointed  out  to  him  the  house 
of  Cassim  Baba's  widow,  and  the  thief 
marked  it  with  a  piece  of  white  chalk. 
Next  day  the  cobbler  pointed  out  the 
house  to  another,  who  marked  it  with 
red  chalk.  And  the  day  following  he 
pointed  it  out  to  the  captain  of  the  bud, 
who  instead  of  marking  the  dour  studied 
the  house  till  he  felt  sure  of  recognizing 
it. — Arabian  Nujhts  ("Ali  Baba  or  The 
Forty  ThieTes"). 

Bababalouk,    chief    of    the    black 
nu  Jim,  whouc  duty  it  was  to  wait  on  the 


sultan,  to  guard  the  sultanas,  and  ta 
superintend  the  harem. — llubesci,  Stateof 
the  Ottuiwm  Empire,  155-0. 

BaTsel  ("confusion").  Thereisatown 
in  Abyssinia  called  JIabcsh,  the  Arabic 
word  for  "  confusion."  This  town  is  so 
called  from  the  great  diversity  of  races 
by  which  it  is  inhabited:  Christiana, 
Jews,  and  Mohammedans,  Ethiopians, 
Arabians,  Falashas  (exiles),  Gal  las,  and 
Negroes,  all  consort  together  there. 

Babes  in  the  "Wood,  insurrec- 
tionary hordes  that  infested  the  mountains 
of  Wicklow,  and  the  woods  of  Ennis- 
carthy  towards  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century.    (See Childkkn  in  the  Wood.) 

Babie,  old  Alice  Gray's  servant-girl. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammennoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

Babie'ca  (3  syl.),  the  Cid's  horse. 

I  learnt  to  prize  Babieca  from  his  head  unto  his  hoof. 
Tlx  Cut  (1128). 

Baboon  (Philip),  Philippe  Bourbon, 
due  d'Anjou. 

Lewis  Baboon,  Louis  XIV.,  "a  false 
loon  of  a  grandfather  to  Philip,  and  one 
that  might  justly  be  called  a  Jack-of- 
all-trades." 

Sometimes  you  would  see  this  Lewis  Baboon  behind  htt 
counter,  selling  broad-cloth,  sometimes  measuring  linen  ; 
neit  day  he  would  be  dealing  in  nuncry-a VI 
heads,  ribbons,  gloves,  fans,  and  lare,  be  understood  to  a 
nicety  .  .  .  nay,  he  would  descend  to  the  selling  of  tape*, 
garters,  and  shoebuckles.  When  shop  was  shut  Dp  he 
would  go  about  the  neighbourhood,  and  earn  half-a-crown. 
by  teaching  the  young  men  and  maidens  to  dan 
these  means  he  had  acquired  immense  riches,  which  he 
used  to  squander  away  at  back-sword  [in  mar],  quarter- 
staff,  and  cudgel-play,  In  which  he  took  great  pleasure. — 
Dr.  Arbuthnot,  Uutvry  of  John  Hull,  11.  (1712). 

Bab'ylon.  Cairo  in  Egypt  was  so 
called  by  the  crusaders.  Rome  was  so 
called  by  the  puritans  ;  and  Londvii  was, 
and  still  is  so  called  by  some,  on  account 
of  its  wealth,  luxury,  and  dissipation. — 
The  reference  is  to  Rev.  xvii.  and  xviii. 

Babylonian  Wall.  The  foundress 
of  this  wall  (two  hundred  cubits  high, 
and  lift}'  thick),  was  Semiramis,  mythic 
foundress  of  the  Assyrian  empire.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  tiie  tish-goddesa 
Der'ceto  of  Asealon,  and  a  Syrian  youth. 

Our  statues  .  .  .  she 

The  foundress  of  the  Babylonian  wall. 

Tennyson,  /"/«•  I'rinecu,  11. 

Bacchan'tes  (3  syl.),  priestec 
Bacchus. 

Bound  about  him  fflar<->ii«]  fair  Bacchantes. 

.  and  ihjmatj 
Wild  from  Kaxlaa  iroTas,  "r  Eaatfi 

Vineyard.*..  ■  •  rsos. 

Longfellow,  Drinking  Son?. 

BaccllUS,    in    the     Luiuui,    an    epir 


BACnARACH. 


70 


BADROULBOUDOUR. 


poem  by  Camoens  (1569),  is  the  personi- 
fication of  the  evil  principle  which  acts  in 
opposition  to  Jupiter,  the  lord  of  Dostiny. 
Mars  is  made  by  the  poet  the  guardian 
nower  of  Christianity,  and  Bacchus  cf 
Mohammedanism. 

Bacharach,  a  red  wine,  so  called 
from  a  town  of  the  same  name  in  the 
Lower  Palatinate.  Pope  Pius  II.  used  to 
import  a  tun  of  it  to  Rome  yearly,  and 
Nuremberg  obtained  its  freedom  at  the 
price  of  four  casks  of  it  a-year.  The 
word  Bacharach  means  "  the  altar  of 
Pacchus  "  (Bacchi  ara),  the  altar  referred 
to  being  a  rock  in  the  bed  of  the  river, 
which  indicated  to  the  vine-growers  what 
sort  of  year  they  might  expect.  If  the 
head  of  the  rock  appeared  above  water 
the  season  was  a  dry  one,  and  a  fine 
vintage  might  be  looked  for  ;  if  not  it 
was  a  wet  season,  and  bad  for  the  grapes. 

.  .  that  undent  town  of  Bacharach, — 
The  beautiful  town  that  gives  us  wine, 
With  the  fragrant  odour  of  Muscadine. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend. 

Backbite  (Sir  Benjamin),  nephew  of 
Crabtree,  very  conceited,  and  very  cen- 
sorious. His  friends  called  him  a  great 
poet  and  wit,  but  he  never  published  any- 
thing, because  "  'twas  very  vulgar  to 
print;"  besides,  as  he  said,  his  little  pro- 
ductions circulated  more  "  by  giving 
copies  in  confidence  to  friends." — Sheri- 
dan, School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

When  I  first  saw  Miss  Pope  she  was  performing  "  Mrs. 
Candour,"  to  Miss  Farren's  "lady  Teazle,"  King  as  "sir 
Peter,"  Parsons  "Crabtree,"  Dodd  "  Backbite,"  Baddabn 
"  Moses,"  Smith  "Charles,"  and  John  Palmer  "Joseph 
Surface], — James  Smith,  Memoirs,  etc 

Bacon  of  Theology,  bishop  But- 
ler, author  of  The  Analogy  of  Religion, 
Natural  and  Revealed,  etc.  (1692-1752). 

Bacrack,  a  red  German  wine.  (See 
Bacharach.) 

Bactrian  Sage  (The),  Zoroas'ter 
or  Zerdusht,  a  native  of  Bactria,  now 
Balkh  (b.c.  589-513). 

Bade'bec  (2  syl.),  wife  of  Gargantua 
and  mother  of  Pan'tagruel'.  She  died  in 
giving  him  birth,  or  rather  in  giving 
birth  at  the  same  time  to  900  dromedaries 
laden  with  ham  and  smoked  tongues,  7 
camels  laden  with  eels,  and  25  waggons 
fall  of  leeks,  garlic,  onions,  and  shal- 
lots.— Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  ii.  2  (1533). 

Badger  (Will),  sir  Hugh  Robsart's 
favourite  domestic. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenil- 
vorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bad'tjer  (Mr.  Bay  ham),  medical  prac- 


titioner at  Chelsea,  under  whom  Richard 
Carstone  pursues  his  studies.  Mr.  Badger 
is  a  crisp-looking  gentleman,  with  "sur- 
prised eyes  ;"  very  proud  of  being  Mrs. 
Badger's  "  third,"  and  always  referring 
to  her  former  two  husbands,  captain 
Swosser  and  professor  Dingo. — C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1853). 

Badinguet  [Bad'.cn.gay],  one  of  the 
many  nicknames  of  Napoleon  III.  It 
was  the  name  of  the  mason  in  whose 
clothes  he  escaped  from  the  fortress  of 
Ham  (1808,  1851-1873). 

Ba'don,  Bath.  The  twelfth  great  vic- 
tory of  Arthur  over  the  Saxons  was  at 
Badon  Hill  (Bannerdown). 

They  sang  how  he  himself  [king  A rthur]  at  Badon  bor* 

that  day. 
When  at  the  glorious  goal  his  British  sceptre  lay. 
Two  days  together  how  the  battle  strongly  stood; 
Pendragon's  worthy  son  [king  Arthur] .  .  . 
Three  hundred  Saxons  slew  with  his  own  valiant  hand. 
M.  Drayton.  PolyoMon,  It.  (1612). 

Badou'ra,  daughter  of  Gaiour  (2 
S'jl.)  king  of  China,  the  "most  beautiful 
woman  ever  seen  upon  earth."  The  em- 
peror Gaiour  wished  her  to  marry,  but 
she  expressed  an  aversion  to  wedlock. 
However,  one  ni^'ht  by  fairy  influence  she 
was  shown  prince  Camaral'zaman  asleep, 
fell  in  love  with  him,  and  exchanged 
rings.  Next  day  6he  inquired  for  the 
prince,  but  her  inquiry  was  thought  so 
absurd  that  she  was  confined  as  a  mad 
woman.  At  length  her  foster-brother 
solved  the  difficulty  thus :  The  emperor 
having  proclaimed  that  whoever  cured 
the  princess  of  her  [supposed]  madness 
should  have  her  for  Lis  wife,  he  sent 
Camaralzaman  to  play  the  magician,  and 
imparted  the  secret  to  the  princess  by 
sending  her  the  ring  she  had  left  with 
the  sleeping  prince.  The  cure  was 
instantly  effected,  and  the  marriage 
solemnized  with  due  pomp.  When  the 
emperor  was  informed  that  his  son- 
in-law  was  a  prince,  whose  father  was 
sultan  of  the  "  Island  of  the  Children  of 
Khal'edan,  some  twenty  days'  sail  from 
the  coast  of  Persia,"  he  was  delighted 
with  the  alliance. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura  "). 

Badroul'boudour,  daughter  of  the 
sultan  of  China,  a  beautiful  brunette. 
"  Her  eyes  were  large  and  sparkling, 
her  expression  modest,  her  mouth  small, 
her  lips  vermilion,  and  her  figure  per- 
fect." She  became  the  wife  of  Aladdin, 
but  twice  nearly  caused  his  death  :  once 
by  exchanging  "the  wonderful  lamp" 
for  a  new  copper  one,  and  once  by  giving 


BiETICA. 

hospitality  to  the  false  Fatima.  Aladdin 
killed  both  these  magicians. — Arahum 
Nightt  ("Aladdin  or  The  Wonderful 
I  .amp  "). 

Boe'tica  or  Bsetic  Valo,  Granada 
•nd  Andalusia,  or  Spain  in  general.  So 
called  from  the  river  Baetis  or  Guadal- 
quiver. 

While  o'er  the  tetlc  vale 
Or  thro'  the  towers  of  Memphis  |  Bgip$\  or  tlie  palma 
By  sacred  (.aiiKes  watered,  I  conduct 
The  K"gl'»h  merchant 

Akcnside,  Hymn  to  the  Xiiidt. 

Bagdad.  A  hermit  told  the  caliph 
Almanzor  that  one  Moclas  was  destined 
to  found  a  city  on  the  spot  where  he  was 
standing.  "I  am  that  man,"  said  the 
caliph,  and  he  then  informed  the  hermit 
how  in  his  boyhood  he  once  stole  a 
bracelet,  and  his  nurse  ever  after  called 
him  "  Moclas,"  the  name  of  a  well-known 
thief.  — Marigny . 

Bagshot,  one  of  a  gang  of  thieves 
who  conspire  to  break  into  the  house  of 
lady  Bountiful. — Farquhar,  The  Jka'ix' 
StratcKjem  (1705). 

Bagstock     (Major    Joe),      an    apo- 

flectic  retired  military  officer,  living  in 
'rincess's  Place,  opposite  to  Miss  Tox. 
The  major  had  a  covert  kindness  for  Miss 
Tox,  and  was  jealous  of  Mr.  Dombey. 
He  speaks  of  himself  aa  "Old  Joe  Bag- 
stock,"  "Old  Joev,"  "Old  J.,"  "Old 
Josh,"  "Rough  and  tough  Old  Jo,"  "J. 
B.,"  "  Old  J.  B.,"  and  so  on.  He  is  also 
given  to  over-eating,  and  to  abusing  his 

I r  native  servant. — C.  Dickens,  Dornbey 

and  Son  (1846). 

Bali'adar,  master  of  the  horse  to 
the  king  of  the  Magi.  Prince  Am'giad 
was  enticed  by  a  collet  io  enter  the 
minister's  house,  and  when  Hahadar  re- 
turned, he  was  not  a  little  surprised  at  the 
sight  of  his  uninvited  guest.  The  prince, 
however,  explained  to  him  in  private  how 
the  matter  stood,  and  Bahadar,  entering 
into  the  fun  of  the  thing,  assumed  for  the 
nonce  the  place  of  a  slave.  The  collet 
would  have  murdered  him,  but  Amgiad, 
to  save  the  minister,  cut  off  hex  head. 
Bahadar,  being  arrested  fox  murder,  was 
soudemned  t<>  death,  but  Amgiad  came 
forward  and  told  the  whole  truth,  where- 
upon Hahadar  was  instantly  released,  and 
Amgiad  created  vizier. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Amgiad  and  Assad  "). 

Bahxnao  (Prince),  eldest  son  of  the 

•nltan    K nrogrtv'i-Bchah    of    Persia.      In 


71  BAILLIF. 

infancy  he  was  taken  from  the  palace  by 
the  sultana's  sisters,  and  set  adrift  on  a 
canal,  but  being  rescued  by  the  superin- 
tendent of  the  sultan's  gardens,  he  was 
brought  up,  anrl  afterwards  restored  to 
the  sultan.  It  was  the  "talking  bird" 
that  told  the  sultan  the  tale  of  the  young 
prince's  abduction. 

Prince  Bahmcm'a  Knife.  When  princ«j 
Bahman  started  on  his  exploits,  he  gave 
to  his  sister  ParazSdl  [A  tyl.)  a  knife, 
saying,  "As  long  as  you  find  this  knife 
clean  and  bright,  you  may  feel  assured 
that  1  am  alive  and  well  ;  but  if  a  drop 
of  blood  falls  from  it,  you  may  know  that 
I  am  no  longer  alive." — Arabian 
("  The  Two  Sisters,"  the  last  tale). 

Bailey,  a  sharp  lad  in  the  service  tf 
Todger's  boarding-house.  His  ambition 
was  to  appear  (mite  a  full-grown  man. 
On  leaving  Mrs.  Todger's,  he  became  the 
servant  of  Montague  Tigg,  manager  of 
the  "Anglo-Bengalee  Company?' — C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Bailie  (General),  a  parliamentary 
leader. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mvnt- 
rosc  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Bailie  (Giles),  a  gipsy ;  father  of  Ga- 
brael  Faa  (nephew  to  Meg  Merrilies). — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannerituj  (tune, 
George  II.). 

Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Isling- 
ton (in  Norfolk).  A  squire's  son  loved 
the  bailiff's  daughter,  hut  she  gave  him 
no  encouragement,  and  his  friends  sent 
him  to  London  "an  apprentice  for  to 
binde.'"  After  the  lapse  of  seven  years, 
the  bailiffs  daughter,  "  in  ragged  attire," 

set  out  to  walk  to  London,  "  her  true  love 
to  inquire."  The  young  man  on  horse- 
back met  her,  but  knew  her  not.  "  <  >ne 
penny,  one  penny,  kind  sir  !"  she  said. 
"Where  were  you  bom?"  .asked  the 
young  man.  "  At  Islington,"  she  renlied. 
"Then  prithee,  sweetheart,  do  you   know 

the    bailiffs  daughter  there?" 

d.ad,  sir,  long  ul;o."    ( >r.  hearing  this  the 

young  man  declared  he'd  live  an  exile  in 
some  foreign  land.  "  Stay,  oh  stny, 
thou  goodly  youth,"  the  maiden  cried, 
"she  is  ii  t  really  dead,  for  lam  she.' 

"Then  farewell   e,ricf  and   Welcon 
for   I  have  found  my  true  love,  whom  • 
feared  1  should  never  see  again.  — Percy, 
f  English  Pot  tryt  ii.  8, 

Baillif   .  ae  host    in    the 

Canteri  .   by    Chauffer    (l:w*). 

When  the  poet  begins  the  second  lit    ^ 


BAILZOU. 

the  "  Rime  of  Sir  Thopas,"  mine  host 
»x  claims : 

No  mor  of  this  for  GoddSs  dignitlc  I 
For  thou  makest  me  so  wery  .  .  .  that 
Mine  eeres  aken  for  thy  nasty  speeche. 

v.  15,  327.  etc.  (1388). 

Bailzou  (Ann'aple),  the  nurse  of 
Erne  Deans  in  her  confinement. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Baiser-Lamourette  (see  Lamour- 
elte's  Kiss),  a  short-lived  reconciliation. 

II  y  avait  (20  juln,  1792),  scission  outre  les  membres  de 
FAssemblee.  Lanumrettelesexhurtji.'isereconcilier.  Per- 
■ju.-uics  par  sou  discours,  ils  s'embrasstrent  les  uns  les 
•litres.  Mais  cette  reconciliation  ne  dura  pas  deux 
Jours  ;  et  elle  fut  binntot  riiliculisc  sous  le  nom  de  Baiter- 
Jximourette. — Bouillet,  Diet.  d'Jltit.,  etc 

Bajar'do,  Rinaldo's  steed. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furwso  (1516). 

Baj'azet,  surnamed  "The  Thunder- 
bolt "  (ilderim),  sultan  of  Turkey. 
After  subjugating  Bulgaria,  Macedonia, 
Thessaly,  and  Asia  Minor,  he  laid  siege 
to  Constantinople,  but  was  taken  captive 
by  Tamerlane  emperor  of  Tartary.  He 
was  fierce  as  a  wolf,  reckless,  and  in- 
domitable. Being  asked  by  Tamerlane 
how  he  would  have  treated  him  had  their 
lots  been  reversed,  "  Like  a  dog,"  he 
cried.  "  I  would  have  made  you  my 
footstool  when  I  mounted  my  saddle, 
and  when  your  services  were  not  needed 
would  have  chained  you  in  a  cage  like 
a  wild  beast."  Tamerlane  replied,  "Then 
to  show  you  the  difference  of  my  spirit, 
I  shall  treat  you  as  a  king."  So  saying, 
he  ordered  his  chains  to  be  struck  off, 
gave  him  one  of  the  royal  tents,  and 
promised  to  restore  him  to  his  throne  if 
he  would  lay  aside  his  hostility.  Bajazet 
abused  this  noble  generosity  ;  plotted  the 
assassination  of  Tamerlane ;  and  bow- 
strung  Mone'ses.  Finding  clemency  of 
no  use,  Tamerlane  commanded  him  to 
be  used  "as  a  dog,  and  to  be  chained 
in  a  cage  like  a  wild  beast." — N.  Rowe, 
Tamerlane  (a  tragedy,  1702;. 

%*  This  was  one  of  the  favourite  parts 
of  Spranger  Barry  (1719-1777)  and  J. 
Kenble  (1757-1823). 

Bajazet,  a  black  page  at  St.  James's 
Palace. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bajura,  Mahomet's  standard. 

Baker  ( The),  and  the  "Baker's  Wife." 
Louis  XVI.  and  Marie  Antoinette  were 
no  called  by  the  revolutionary  party, 
because  on  the  6th  October,  1789,  they 
ordered  a  supply  of  bread  to  be  given  to 


72  BALANCE. 


the  mob  which  surrounded  the  palace  at 
Versailles,  clamouring  for  bread. 

Balaam  (2  syl.),  the  earl  of  Hunt- 
ingdon, one  of  the  rebels  in  the  army  of 
the  duke  of  Monmouth. 

And  therefore,  in  the  name  of  dulness,  be 
The  well-hung  Balaam. 

bryd.-n.  Abtalom  and  Achitophel. 

Ba'laam,  a  "citizen  of  sober  fame," 
who  lived  near  the  monument  of  London. 
While  poor  he  was  "religious,  punctual, 
and  frugal ; "  but  when  he  became  rich 
and  got  knighted,  he  seldom  went  to 
church,  became  a  courtier,  "  took  a  bribe 
from  France,"  and  was  hung  for  treason. 
— Pope,  Moral  Essays,  iii. 

Balaam  and  Josaphat,  a  religious 
novel  by  Johannes  Damascenus,  son  of 
Almansur.  '  (For  plot,  see  Josaphat.) 

Balack,  Dr.  Burnet,  bishop  of  Salis- 
bury, who  wrote  a  history  called  Burnet's 
Own  Time,  and  History  of  the  Reforma- 
tion.— Dryden  and  Tate,  Absalom  and 
Achitopliel,  ii. 

Balacla'va,  a  corruption  of  bella 
chiare  ("beautiful  port"),  so  called  by 
the  Genoese,  who  raised  the  fortress,  some 
portions  of  which  still  exist.  (See  Ciiakge.) 

Balafre  {Le),  alias  Ludovic  Lesly,  an 
old  archer  of  the  Scottish  Guard  at  Plessia 
les  Tours,  one  of  the  castle  palaces  of 
Louis  XL  Le  Balafre'  is  uncle  to  Quen- 
tin  Durward. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Qucntin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

%*  Henri,  son  of  Francois  second 
duke  of  Guise,  was  called  Le  Balafre 
("  the  gashed  "),  from  a  frightful  scar  in 
the  face  from  a  sword-cut  in  the  battle  of 
Dormans  (1575). 

Balam',  the  ox  on  which  the  faithful 
feed  in  paradise.  The  fish  is  called  Nun, 
the  lobes  of  whose  liver  will  suffice  for 
70,000  men. 

Balan',  brother  of  Balyn  or  Balin  le 

Savage,  two  of  the  most  valiant  knights 
that  the  world  ever  produced. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  31 
(1470). 

Balan,  "  the  bravest  and  strongest  of 
all  the  giant  race."  Am'adis  de  Gaul 
rescued  Gabrioletta  from  his  hands. — 
Vasco  de  Lobeira,  Amadis  de  Gaul,  iv. 
129  (fourteenth  century). 

Balance  (Justice),  father  of  Sylvia. 
He  had  once  been  in  the  army,  and  as  he 
had  run  the  gauntlet  himself,  he  could 
siake  excuses  for  the  wild    pranks   of 


BALAND  OF  SPAIN. 


78 


15  A  LIN. 


young  men. — G.  Fanpuhar,  Tlie  Recruiting 
Offioer  (17U4). 

Baland  of  Spain,  a  man  of  gigantic 
strength,  wli<i  called  himself  "Fiereoras." 

—  Mediaeval  Romance. 

Balchris'tio  (Jenny),  housekeeper  to 
Hm  laird  of  Dumbiedikes.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Balclu'tha,  a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britons  on  the  river  Clyde.  It  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Comhal  (Fingal's  father), 
•nil  was  burnt  to  the  ground. 

"  I  h.ivc  «cen  Hie  wo]U  of  Balchltba,*  s.ii.1  Fingni.  ••  but 
•icy  were  desolaU'.  Tlie  Bit  luul  NnoBdad  In  the  h.ilN, 
mil  tlie  mice  of  the  pwpta  li  uaard  no  man  Ih*  ihi.tlo 
ii....k  there  Its  lonely  bead,  tb<  Dioai  »ln-t!«l  In  the 
>  i  nd,  anil  Uiefox  looked  out  from  the  windows  "— Os&ifUi, 

i'lrt  Vol. 

Baldassa're  (4  syl.),  chief  of  the 
monastery  of  St.  Jacopo  di  Compostella. 

—  Donizetti's  opera,  La  Favorite  (1842). 

Bal'der,  the  god  of  light,  peace,  and 
day,  was  the  young  and  beautiful  son  of 
Odin  and  Frigga.     His  palace,  Briedab- 

lik  (•'  wide-shining"),  at I  in  the  .Milky 

W  ay.  lie  was  slain  by  llodcr,  the  blind 
old  god  of  darkness  and  night,  but  was 

restored  to  life  at  tlie  general  request  of 
the  gods. — Scandinavian  Mytholoyy. 

Haider  the  beautiful 
God  of  tlir  summer  fun. 

Longfellow,  legnier't  !>'  ith. 

(Sydney  Dobell  has  a  poem  entitled 
B  i  tier,  published  in  1854.) 

Bal'derston  (Caleb),  the  favourite 
old  butler  of  the  master  of  Ravenswood, 
at    Wolfs    Crag    lower.      Being    told    to 

(irovide  supper  for  the  lairil  of  Bucklaw, 
le  pretended  that  there  were  rat  capon 

and  good  store  in  plenty,  but  all  he  COnld 
produce  was  "  the  binder  end  of  a 
mutton  ham  that  bad  been  three  tunes 
on  the  table  already,  and  the  heel  of  a 
ewe-milk  kebbuek  [cAssssI  '*  (ch.  vii.). — 
Mr    \V.    Scott,    Bride   oj    fiiiiimuawor 

(tune,  William  III.). 

Baldrick,    an    ancestor    of    the    lady 

F.veline  Berenger  "t ...  '     lie 

was  murdered,  and  lady  l  \\  eline  ■ 

i  lammock  that  she  had  seen  his 
frowning  at  her.  Sir  W.  Scott, 
trothed  (tune,  llenr)  11.). 

Bal'dringham  (The  tody  Srmen- 
airl.-  of),  great-aunt  ol  lady  Eveline 
i  -the    betrothed."     Sir     W. 

.  ihe  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  11.). 

twin,  the  youngest  and  comeliest 
of  Charlemagne's  paladins,  nepbc*  of  sir 

Kolaiul. 


Baldwin,   the    restless    nnd     ambitious 
duke  of  Boloigna,  leader  of 
in    the  allied    <  'hristian  army,      li 
Godfrey's  brother,  and  very  like  him,  but 
not  so  tall. — Tasso,   Jerut  dem  I  ; 

(1576). 

%*  He  is  introduced  by  sir  Walter 
Scott  in  Count  Robert  of  Paris, 

Baldwin.  So  the  Ass  is  called  in  the 
beast-epic  entitled  Rt  ynat  I  th    Fox  itl  e 

word  means  "  bold  frit  Qli  ").  In  pt.  ill.  Le 
is  called  "  Hr.  "  Baldwin  ( I 

Bodofwin,  tutor  of  RoUo  ("the  bloody 
brother")  and  Otto,  dukes  of  Normandy, 
and  sons  of  Sophia.  Baldwin  was  put  to 
death  by   KoUo,  because   rlamoi  I 

Gisbert  the  chancellor  with  an   axe    and 
not     with    a    sword.       RoUo     said     that 
Baldwin    deserved    death    "for   teaching 
Hamond     no     better." — Beaumont 
Fletcher,  TU  Bloody  Brother  (ioM). 

Baldwin  (Count),  a  fatal  example  of 
internal  self-will.      Re  doted  on  hi 

son  Biron,  but  because  he  married  a 

his    inclination,   disinherited    bin  . 

fixed  all  his  love  on  Carlos  hi.-  J 

Biron  fell  at  the  -  ly,  and  was 

roppoced  to  be  dea£     Hisu 

mourned     for     him     sown 

being  on  the  point  of  starvation,  s 

to  the  count  for  aid,   but  he  d 

from  his  house  as  a  dog.  Villeroy  | .  | 

married     her,     but     BuOO     returned     ths 

following    day.     Carlos,    hearing    of   his 

brother's    return,    enip.  .is    to 

murder  him,    and   then  |  illeroy 

with   the  crime  ;   but   one   ot    the    rui',,;in's 

impeached,    Carlo.-,    «:i>    arrested,    and 
Isabella,  going  mad,  killed  hi  i 
was  the  wilfulness  of  Baldwin  the 
of  infinite  misery,     it  caused  the  death  of 
his  two  sons,  as  well  as  of  his  dau 
in-law. — Thomas    South'  m,      . 
Marriage  ( II 

Baldwin,  archbishop  of  Canterbury 
(1184   1190).  introduced  by 

in  his  i 
Henry  II.). 

Baldwin  Ho  Owley,  esquire  of  sir 
Brian  de  r- 

Knights      Tempi  .  Su      w. 

I  time,  Kii  bard  1.  . 

i  '•  Balin  '     - 
if  the  two  rworda.     He 

Northumberland  knight,  and  ' 

captive,  was  imprisoned  sin 

\  rt  it  ii  r.     I;    >o   happened    that  a 
damsel    girded    with   a  sword   cams   to 


BALINVEKNO. 


74 


BALRLDDERY. 


Cemelot  at  the  time  of  sir  Balin's  release, 
and  told  the  king  that  no  man  could 
draw  it  who  was  tainted  with  "shame, 
treachery,  or  guile."  King  Arthur  and 
all  his  knights  failed  in  the  attempt,  but 
sir  Balin  drew  it  readily.  The  damsel 
begged  him  for  the  sword,  but  he  refused 
to  give  it  to  any  one.  Whereupon  the 
damsel  said  to  him,  "That  sword  shall 
be  thy  plague,  for  with  it  shall  ye  slay 
youi  best  friend,  and  it  shall  also  prove 
you!  own  death."  Then  the  I^ady  of  the 
Lake  came  to  the  king,  and  demanded  the 
swoid,  but  sir  Balin  cut  off  her  head  with 
it,  and  was  banished  from  the  court. 
After  various  adventures  he  came  to  a 
castle  where  the  custom  was  for  every 
guest  to  joust.  lie  was  accommodated 
with  a  shield,  and  rode  forth  to  meet  his 
antagonist.  So  fierce  was  the  encounter 
that  both  the  combatants  were  slain,  but 
Balin  lived  just  long  enough  to  learn  that 
his  antagonist  was  his  dearly  beloved 
brother  Balan,  and  both  were  buried  in 
one  tomb. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  '27-4  I  (1470). 

*»*  "  The  BflOk  of  Sir  Balin  le  Sa- 
vage"  is  part  i.  ch.  27  to  44  (both  in- 
clusive) of  sir  T.  Malory's  History  of 
Prince  Arthur. 

Balinverno,  one  of  the  leaders  in 
Agramant's  allied  army. — Ariosto,  Or- 
lando Furioso  (1516). 

Ba'liol  (Edward),  usurper  of  Scotland, 
introduced  in  Jxedyauntlet,  a  novel  by  sir 
VV.  Scott  (time,  George  II.). 

Ba'liol  (Mrs.),  friend  of  Mr.  Croftangry, 
in  the  introductory  chapter  of  The  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Ba'liol  (Mrs.  Martha  Bethunc),  a  lady 
of  quality  and  fortune,  who  had  a  house 
called  Baliol  Lodging,  Canongate,  Edin- 
burgh. At  death  she  left  to  her  cousin 
Mr.  Croftangry  two  series  of  tales  called 
The  Chronicles  of  Canonyate  (q.r.),  which 
he  published. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie  Hujh- 
land  Widow  (introduction,  1S27). 

Baliol  College, Oxford,  was  founded 
(in  1263)  by  John  de  Baliol,  knight,  father 
of  Iialiol  king  of  Scotland. 

Balisar'da,  a  .  sword  made  in  the 
garden  of  Orgagna  by  the  sorceress  Fal- 
eri'na;  it  would  cut  through  even  en- 
chanted substances,  and  was  given  to 
RogYro  for  the  express  purpose  of  "  deul- 


mg  Orlando's  death." — Ariosto,   Orlando 
Furiosi,,  xxv.  15  (1516). 

He  knew  with  Kaliranla's  lightest  blows. 
Nor  helm,  DOT  snield.  nor  cuirass  could  avail. 
Nor  strongly  tempered  plate,  nor  twisted  mail 

Book  zxUL 

Baliverso,  the  basest  knight  in  the 
Saracen  army. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

BalkorBalkh("<oem6racc'"),Omurs, 
surnamed  Ghil-Shah  ("earth's  king"), 
founder  of  the  Paishdadian  dynasty.  lie 
travelled  abroad  to  make  himself  familial 
with  the  laws  and  customs  of  other  lands. 
On  his  return  he  met  his  brother,  and 
built  on  the  spot  of  meeting  a  city,  which 
he  called  Balk;  and  made  it  the  capital 
of  his  kingdom. 

Balkis,  the  \rabian  name  of  the 
queen  of  Shcba,  who  went  from  the  South 
to  witness  the  wisdom  and  splendour  of 
Solomon.  According  to  the  Koran  she 
w:is  ■  fire-worshipper.  It  is  said  that 
Solomon  raised  her  to  his  bed  and  throne. 
She  is  also  called  queen  of  Saba  or  Aaziz, 
— Al  Koran,  xxvi.  (Sale's  notes). 

She  fancied  herself  already  more  potent  than  flalkis, 
ami  pictured  to  her  imagi nation  the  genii  falling  pros- 
trate at  the  foot  of  her  throne.— W.  Beckford,  yatiuk. 

Balkis  qveenof Shcba  or Saba.  Solomon 
being  told  that  her  legs  were  covered 
with  hair  "  like  those  of  an  ass,"  had  the 
presence-chamber  floored  with  glass  laid 
over  running  water  filled  with  fish. 
When  Balkis  approached  the  room, 
supposing  the  floor  to  be  water,  she 
lifted  up  her  robes  and  exposed  her  hairy 
ankles,  of  which  the  king  had  been  rightly 
inform ed. — Jallalo  \linn. 

Bal'lenkeiroch  {Old),  a    Highland 

chief  and  old  friend  of  Fergus  M'lvor.— • 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  11.). 

Balmung,  the  sword  of  Siegfried, 
forged  by  Wieland  the  smith  of  the 
Scandinavian  gods.  In  a  trial  of  merit, 
Wieland  cleft  Amilias  (a  brother  smith) 
to  the  waist  ;  but  so  fine  was  the  cut  that 
Amilias  was  not  even  conscious  of  it  till 
he  attempted  to  move,  when  he  fell 
asunder  into  two  pieces. — Niebclunycn 
Lud. 

Balni-Barbi,  the  land  of  projectors^ 
visited  by  Gulliver.— Swift,  Guiltier' t 
Travels  (1726). 

Balrud'dery  (The  laird  of),  a  re- 
lation of  Godfrey  Bertram,  laird  of 
Ellangowan.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ony  Man 
neriny  (time,  George  II.). 


BALSAM  OF  F1ERABRAS. 


BANASTAR. 


Balsam  of  Fierabras.  "This 
famous  balsam,"  said  don  Quixote,  "  only 
costs  three  riali  [about  sixpence!  for  three 

Suarts."  It  was  the  balsam  with  which 
le  body  of  Christ  was  embalmed,  and  was 
stolen  by  sir  Fierabras  [Fc.a'. ra.brah]. 
Such  was  its  virtue,  that  one  single  drop 
of  it  taken  internally  would  instantly 
heal  the  most  ghastly  wound. 

"  It  Is  ft  balsam  of  balsams;  it  not  only  heals  nil  wounds, 
bat  c.cn  ilenVs  death  it>elf.  If  thou  Khoald'et  MM  iny 
body  cut  in  two,  friend  Saucho,  by  aome  unlucky  back- 
str-'k-*,  ron  mnet  carerail)  pick  up  ilirit  half  "f  me  which 
f.iiis  nri  the  ground,  and  clap  it  upon  Uia  other  half  befora 
l  congeals,  then  give  meadraught  <»f  the  babam 
of  Kitrahras,  and  you  will  presently  see  me  u  round  a^ 
an  oruDge."— Cervantes,  Ixm  Quixote,  I.  ii.  -  ( 1 1;< >r>>. 

Baltha'zar,  a  merchant,  in  Shake- 
speare's Comedy  of  Errors  (1593). 

Baltha'zar,  a  name  assumed  by  Portia, 
in  Shakespeare's  Merchant  of  Venice 
(1598). 

Baltha'zar,  servant  to  Romeo,  in 
Shakespeare's  Rouico  and  Juliet  (15!'7). 

Baltha'zar,  sen-ant  t«>  don  Pedro,  in 
Shakespeare's  Much  A  Jo  about  Nothiwi 
fl600). 

Baltha'zar,  one  of  the  throe  "kings" 
shown  in  Cologne  Cathedral  as  one  of  the 
"  Map  "  led  to  Bethlehem  by  the  guiding 
star.  The  word  means  "lord  of  treasures. 
The  names  of  the  other  two  are  Melchior 
("kin;;  of  light"),  and  Gaspai  or  Caspar 
("the  white  one").  Klopstock,  in  The 
Messiah,  makes  six  "  AVisc  Men,"  and 
Done  of  the  names  arc  like  these  three. 

Balthazar,  father  of  Juliana,  Vo- 
lante,  and  Zam'ora.  A  proud,  peppery, 
and  wealthy  gentleman.  His  daughter 
Juliana  marries  the  duke  of  A  ran/a;  his 
second  daughter  the  count  Montalban  ; 
anil  Zamora  marries  signor  Rinaldo. — 
J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon  (1804). 

Balue  (Cardinal),  in  the  court  of 
Louis  XI.  of  France  (1420  1491),  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scotl  in  Quentin  Dur- 
ward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Balugante8  (1  sy/.),   lender  of  the 

men  from  Leon,  ill   Spain,  and  in  alliance 

with  Agramant, — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioao 
(1616). 

Balveny  (Lord),  kinsman  of  the  carl 
of  Douglas.     Sir  \\  .  Scott,  Fair  M 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Balwhidder  [B&F. wither],  a  Scotch 
liresbyterian  pastor,  filled  with  all  the 
bid-fashioned  national  prejudices,  but 
sincere,  kind-hearted,  and  pious,  He  is 
garrulous  and  loves  bis  juke,  bul  is  quite 


Ignorant  Of  the  world,  being  "  in  it  but 
not  of  it." — Gait,  Annuls  of  t/ie  JJari*h 
(1821). 

The  Re*  Mirth  IbilvhiJ-lrr  Is  a  fine  rrpre  rntatlon  m 
the  prtol  ....  loyal 

plar)  in  ins  life,  tint  without  the  Bery  ze.il  and 
'•kirk  fUlliig  Hi  quence"  of  the 
nant— 1L  Cbambera,  BnglUm  Litrrucure.  ii.  Ml. 

Baly,  one  of  the  ancient  and  gigantic 
kings  of  India,  who  founded  the  city 
called  by  his  name.  He  redressed 
wrongs,  upheld  justice,  was  generous  and 
truthful,  compassionate  and  charitable, 
so  that  at  death  he  became  one  of  tins 
judges   of   hell.      His  city   in   til  I 

I  overwhelmed  with  the  encroaching 
but  its  walls  were  not  overthrown,  not 
were  the  rooms  encumbered  with  the 
weeds  and  alluvial  of  the  sea.  One  day 
a  dwarf,  named  Vamen,  asked  the  mighty 
monarch  to  allow  him  to  measure  three 
of  his  own  paces  tor  a  hut  to  dwell  in. 
Baly  smiled,  mid  bade  him  measure  out 
what  he  required.  The  lirst  pace  of  the 
dwarf  compassed  the  whole  earth,  the 
second  the  whole  heavens,  and  the  third 
the  infernal  regions.  Baly 
ceived  that  the  dwarf  was  Vishnu,  and 
adored  the  present  deity.  Vishnu  made 
the  k!n^  "Governor  of  Pad'alon"  or 
hell,  and  permitted  him  once  a  year  to 
revisit  the  earth,  on  the  first  full  moon  of 
November. 

Baly  built 
A  city,  like  the  cities  ol  the  ►:'■!». 

like  ■  gi  I  I  unseli      1  a  many  an  age 
Hath  ocean  waned  again*)  bfa  luJ.ioes. 
Till  overwhelmed  they  lie  beneaUi  U.e  waxes. 
Nut  overthrown 

Soulhey,  Curie  o/  KcH.im.1.  IT.  1  iJSOw). 

Ban,  king    of    Benwick    [Brittany'], 

father  of  sir  Launcelot,  anil  brother  of 
Bore  king  ol  GauL  This  "shadowy  kin.; 
of  a  still  more  shadowy  kingdom 
over  with  his  royal  brother  to  the  aid  of 
Arthur,  when,  at  the  beginning  of  hil 
reign,  the  eleven  kings  leagued  i. 
him  ipt.  i.  8). 

Yonder  I  reel  ti  iHanl  knight  ol  the  »  i 

I 
Ban  and  - 

...'  /•.-•  pi  ■  .     . 

Ban'apher,  a  town  in  IrelRnd,  <  n  the 
Shannon   (  Kin  f's  <  I'    hinnerly 

sent  two  members  to  parliament,  and  «as 
a    pocket    borough.      When    ■    n  • 

spoke  ol    a   roll,  n   borough,  he  could    de- 

\  i.-c  no  stronger  expression  than  /  -.1 
txats  Bttnagher,  which  parsed  into  a 
household  pi 

Banaatar  ht  %p  t? 

Henry  duke  of  Buckingham,  and  ad- 
vanced   1>\     inn.    to    honour    and    wealth. 


BANBERG. 


76 


BAPTISTA. 


He  professed  to  love  the  duke  as  his 
d(*rest  friend;  but  when  Richard  III. 
offered  £1000  reward  to  any  one  who 
would  deliver  up  the  duke,  Banastar 
betrayed  him  to  John  Mitfcon,  sheriff  of 
Shropshire,  and  he  was  convej'ed  to  Salis- 
bury, where  he  was  beheaded.  The  ghost 
of  the  duke  prayed  that  Banastar's  eldest 
son,  "  reft  of  his  wits  might  end  his  life 
in  a  pigstye  ;  "  that  his  second  son  might 
"  be  drowned  in  a  dyke  "  containing  less 
than  "half  a  foot  of  water;"  that  his 
only  daughter  might  be  a  leper;  and  that 
Banastar  himself  might  "live  in  death 
and  die  in  life." — Thomas  Sackville,  A 
Mirrour  for  Magistraytes  ("The  Com- 
playnt,"  1587;. 

Banberg  (The  bishop  of),  introduced 
in  Donnerhugel's  narrative. — Si  r  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Banbury  Cheese.  Bardolph  calls 
Slender  a  "  Banbury  cheese "  (Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,  act  i.  sc.  1) ;  and  in 
Jack  Drum's  Entertainment  we  read 
"  You  are  like  a  Banbury  cheese,  nothing 
but  paring."  The  Banbury  cheese 
alluded  to  was  a  milk  cheese,  about  an 
inch  in  thickness. 

Bandy  -  legged,  Armand  Gouffe" 
(1775-1845),  also  called  he  panard  du 
dix-neuvieme  siecle.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  "  Caveau  moderne." 

Bane  of  the  Land  (Landschaden), 
the  name  given  to  a  German  robber- 
knight  on  account  of  his  reckless  depre- 
dations on  his  neighbours'  property.  He 
was  placed  under  the  ban  of  the  empire 
for  his  offences. 

Bango'rian  Controversy,  a  theo- 
logical paper-war  begun  by  Dr.  Hoadly, 
bishop  of  Bangor,  the  best  reply  being  by 
Law.  The  subject  of  this  controversy 
was  a  sermon  preached  before  George  I., 
on  the  text,  "  My  kingdom  is  not  of  this 
world." 

Banks,  a  farmer,  the  great  terror  of 
old  mother  Sawyer,  the  witch  of  Edmon- 
ton.—  The  Witch  of  Edmonton  (by  Row- 
ley, Dekker,  and  Ford,  1G58). 

Ban'natyne  Club,  a  literary  club 
which  takes  its  name  from  George  Ban- 
natyne.  It  was  instituted  in  1823  by  sir 
Walter  Scott,  and  had  for  its  object  the 

Eublication  of  rare  works  illustrative  of 
cottisli  history,  poetry,  and  general 
literature.  The  club  was  dissolved  in 
1&>H. 


Bannockbum  (in  Stirling),  famom 
for  the  great  battle  between  Bruce  and 
Edward  II.,  in  which  the  English  army 
was  totally  defeated,  and  the  Scots  re- 
gained their  freedom  (June  24,  1314). 

Departed  spirits  of  the  miirhty  dead  I  .  . 
Oil !  once  again  to  Freedom's  cause  return 
The  patiiot  Tell,  the  Bruce  of  Bannockbum. 

Campbell,  Pletuurei  of  Bojje,  i.  (1799). 

Banquo,  a  Scotch  general  of  royal 
extraction,  in  the  time  of  Edward  the 
Confessor.  He  was  murdered  at  the  in- 
stigation of  king  Macbeth,  but  his  son 
Fleance  escaped,  and  from  this  Fleance 
descended  a  race  of  kings  who  filled  the 
throne  of  Scotland,  ending  with  James  I. 
of  England,  in  whom  were  united  the 
two  crowns.  The  witches  on  the  blasted 
heath  hailed  Banquo  as — 

(1)  Lesser  than  Macbeth,  and  irreater. 

(2)  Not  so  happy,  yet  much  happier. 

(8)  Thou  shall  get  kings,  though  thou  be  none. 

Shakespeare,  Miicbeth,  act  i.  sc.  3  (1606V 

(Historically  no  such  person  as  Banquo 
ever  existed,  and  therefore  Fleance  was 
not  the  ancestor  of  the  house  of  Stuart.) 

Ban'shee,  a  tutelary  female  spirit. 
Every  chief  family  of  Ireland  has  its 
banshee,  who  is  supposed  to  give  it  warn- 
ing of  approaching  death  or  danger. 

Bantam  (Angelo  Cyrus),  grand-master 
of  the  ceremonies  at  "  Ba-ath,"  and  a 
very  mighty  personage  in  the  opinion  of 
the  e'lite  of  Bath. — C.  Dickens,  The  Tick- 
wick  Tapers  (1836). 

Banting.  Doing  Banting  means  living 
by  regimen  for  the  sake  of  reducing 
superfluous  fat.  William  Banting,  by  a 
rigorous  abstention  from  all  food  con- 
taining starch  and  saccharine  matter, 
reduced  his  weight  from  202  to  167  lbs., 
and  in  1862  he  published  a  pamphlet 
upon  the  subject. 

Bap,  a  contraction  of  Bap'homet,  >'.«. 
Mahomet.  An  imaginary  idol  or  symbol 
which  the  Templars  were  accused  of  fin- 
ploying  in  their  mysterious  religious 
rites.  It  was  a  small  human  figure  cut 
in  stone,  with  two  heads,  one  male  and 
the  other  female,  but  all  the  rest  of  the 
figure  was  female.    Specimens  still  exi3t. 

Bap'tes  (2  st/l.),  priests  of  the  god- 
dess Cotytto,  whose  midnight  orgies 
were  so  obscene  as  to  disgust  even  the 
very  goddess  of  obscenity.  (Greek,  bapto, 
"  to  baptize,"  because  these  priests  bathed 
themselves  in  the  most  effeminate  man- 
ner.) 

Baptis'ta,  a  rich  gentleman  of 
Padua,  father  of  Kathari'na  "the  shrew  " 


BAFTI8T1  DAM101  n. 


77 


BARD  OP  AVoN. 


knd  Batnea. — Shakespeare,  Tammj  of  the 
Shrexc  (1694). 

BaptistiDamiotti.a  1' i  lorn    (jack, 
who  shows  in  the  enchanted   mirror  a 
picture  representing  the  clandestine  mar- 
ind  infidelity  of  sir  Philip  I 

'.  .  Scott,  Annt   Mir  pint's  Mirror 
(time,  William  III.). 
Bar  of  GolcL    A  bai  of  gold  above 

Qm  instep  il  ■  un.rk  of  sovereign  rank  in 

the  women  of  the  f»«»«i«—  «>f  the  (leys, 

iind  la  worn  as  a  "crest"  by  their  female 
lelatives. 

Around,  u  prlnreas  of  nrr  fithrr'i  ' 
A.:.  •«  Uer  inritcp  rolled, 

Aniwuncod  uer  rank. 

I.)  run.  IXm  /una,  III.  7'J  (1820). 

Bar'abas,  the  faithful  servant  rf 
Ralph  de  Laaconra,  captain  of  the  Urxm'ia. 
1  lis  Cavonrite  expression  is  "  1  am  afraid ;" 
bat  he  always  act!  most  bravely  when  he 
lid.  (See  BA3BABA8.)—  K.  Stirling, 
ffu>  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea  (1866). 

Bar'adas  (Count),  the  king's  fa- 
vourite, tir>t  gentleman  of  the  chamber, 
and  on  to  dethrone 

Lonia  XIII.,  kill  Richelieu,  and  pi 
due  d'Orleana  on  the  throne  or  Prance. 
IroradM  loved  Julio,  but  Julie  married  the 
chevalier    Adrien    de    Ifauprai.      When 
l;        icu   fell    into    disgrace,   the   king 

made   count    l.aradas   his  chief  minister, 

but  scarcely  had   be   ao   done  when  > 
deapatch  was  pat  unto  liis  hand,  i 
•n_'  the  conspiracy,  and  Richelieu  ordered 
is'    instant    arrest. — Lord    Lytton, 

Bnrak  el    Hadpri,   the    fakir',    an 
■  .ry  from  the  court  of  Hyder  Ali. — 
,sir   v,  i'i  Daughter 

(time,  George  1 1.). 

Barata'ria,  Uie  island-city  overwhich 
S        in   l'au^a  was  appointed  governor, 
over  by  1  'r.  Pedro 
i  y  dish 
Hi  I..  jovernor  to  be  whisked 

away   without  being    taal  ime   be- 

causc  tluv  heated  the  blood,  and  othera 

nothing. 


*  .i.ch  •   t:  . 

ri   uriTol   at  a   inwu   1 

Inn  al-xit  a 

iMrttita 

i.  |aj   1  .n-l 

1 

let  ti>«  l -1.111.1  ...  Ban 

'A/ 

uuaol   II. r 

r  bMMM    l.i- 

"_..!. "il 

1 

crrtaJn  rtdiCMoaa  cmrrtu 

Um   «•-•  i- 

uitaa,    /«■ 


BarbaroBsa  I,  surname 

i  f  i>.  |<  rid    I.    '"  '■■  rmany  MUM    I 

. 

knights,  wa 

when  me   from 

any  from  bondage,  and  give 
..f  all  the  * 
Ili<  beard  ha  jrown  throu 

table-slab,    but    mint    wind 

round  the  table  before  hia  second  a 

[Se<      M  AV-.II'..   I'llAKI.KMA'.Sr-.    Ai    llll    B, 

>HD,      Skiiasiian      I.,     t->     whoia 
similar  legends  are  attached.) 

Ukr  IlarbartM.  wtio  .lu  In  a  caw. 
1 ...  iturn.  aulnltrc.  w.l.itr.  And  grara. 

Barbaroua,  a  tragedy  by  John  1 
This   is   not    Prederick    Barl 
emperor    of    Germany   (1121-1190),   bat 

Home     I'-.ir: 

I 
Mitylenfi,  who  ma. It-  himaelf  n  i 

h  waa  for  a  time  subject  to 
Turkey.     He  killed  the   M     ■  - 
tri.'d  to  cut  off  Selim  the  son,  bat  without 

:  wanted  to  man 
the  king*!  widow,  who  rejected  i  i 
I  t  m  confii  i 
for  aeven  j  -      n   return.-. i 

v  to  Algiers,  and  ■  :■ 
took  place  ;  Bar! 
insurgi 
throne  ;  and  Selim  h.r  ton  II 

Lgbter  of  Barban  tea  [1742). 

Bar'barv  (St),  the  patron  saint  of 

■  ■ut  t-> 
1 1,  aba  area  killed  by  » 
I  lightning. 

Bar*  i 

Richard  II. 

raaa  rWt«ry. 
Tliat  bona  thai  (boa  ao  aftaa  had  '■ 

bliakoi-mir  -V\ 

DM  lit  i 

I  ui\  Ml   Baitaasai  <•»•  ou.no*  ooBjura  ua  — Hah 
■Mara 

■I  lUaai-bok/t.  II  ulaa»a 

(•aaa. 

•     A  . 
nml  I  itford-upon    '  i 

■ 

fiaral      f   A  Robert    I 

■       • 

Ml. 


BARDS. 


78 


BARKIS. 


Bard  of  the  I"nagination,  Mark  Aken- 
liile,  author  of  7V«?  Pleasures  of  tlie  Im- 
agination (1721-1770). 

Bard  of  Memory,  S.  Rogers,  author  of 
The  Pleasures  of  Memory  (1762-1855). 

Bard  of  Olney,  W.  Cowper  [Coo'.pr], 
who  lived  for  many  years  at  Olney,  in 
tiucks  (1731-1800). 

Bard  of  Prose,  Boccaccio. 

He  of  the  hundred  tales  of  love. 

Byron.  ChiltU  Uarold.  iv.  56  (1818). 

Bard  of  Rydal  Mount,  William  Words- 
worth, who  lived  at  Rydal  Mount ; 
also  called  "  Poet  of  the  Excursion,"  from 
his  principal  poem  (1770-1850). 

Bat  d  of  Twickenham,  Alexander  Pope, 
who  lived  at  Twickenham  (1(588-1744). 

Bards.  Theancient  Gaelsthought that 
the  soul  of  a  dead  hero  could  never  be 
happy  till  a  bard  had  sung  an  elegy  over 
the  deceased.  Hence  when  Cairbar,  the 
usurper  of  the  throne  of  Ireland,  fell, 
though  he  was  a  rebel,  a  murderer,  and  a 
coward,  his  brother  Cathmor  could  not 
endure  the  thought  of  his  soul  being 
unsung  to  rest.  .So  he  goes  to  Ossian  and 
gets  him  to  send  a  bard  "  to  give  the  soul 
of  the  king  to  the  wind,  to  open  to  it  the 
airy  hall,  and  to  give  joy  to  the  darkened 
ghost."— Ossian,  Temora,  ii. 

Bardell  (Mrs.),  landlady  of  "  apart- 
ments for  single  gentlemen  "  in  Goswell 
Street.  Here  Mr.  Pickwick  lodged  for  a 
time.  She  persuaded  herself  that  he 
would  make  her  a  good  second  husband, 
and  on  one  occasion  was  seen  in  his  arms 
by  his  three  friends.  Mrs.  Bardell  put 
herself  in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Dodson 
and  Fogg  (two  unprincipled  lawyers), 
who  vamped  up  a  case  against  Mr.  Pick- 
wick of  "  breach  of  promise,"  and  obtained 
a  verdict  against  the  defendant.  Subse- 
quently Messrs.  Dodson  and  Fogg  arrested 
their  own  client,  and  lodged  her  in  the 
Fleet.— C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers 
(1836). 

Barde'sanist  (4  syl),  a  follower  of 
Barde'san,  founder  of  a  Gnostic  sect  in 
the  second  century. 

Bar'dolph,  corporal  of  captain  sir 
John  Falstaff,  in  1  and  2  Henry  IV.  and 
in  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor.  In 
Henry  V.  he  is  promoted  to  lieutenant, 
and  Nvm  is  corporal.  Both  are  hanged. 
Bardolph  is  a  bravo,  out  great  humorist; 
he  is  a  low-bred,  drunken  swaggerer, 
wholly    without    principle,    and    always 

Koor.     His  red,  pimply  nose  is  an  ever- 
isting  joke  with   fair   John   and  others. 


Sir  John  in  allusion  thereto  calls  Bardolph 
"The  Knight  of  the  Burning  Lamp." 
He  says  to  him,  "Thou  art  our  admiral, 
and  bearest  the  lantern  in  the  poop.' 
Elsewhere  he  tells  the  corporal  he  had 
saved  him  a  "  thousand  marks  in  links 
and  torches,  walking  with  him  in  the  night 
betwixt  tavern  and  tavern." — Shako- 
spearc.  t 

We  are  much  of  the  mind  of  FalstafFs  tailor.  We 
must  have  better  assurance  for  sir  John  than  Bardul|-h'3. 
— Macaulay. 

(The  reference  is  to  2  Henry  IV.  act  i. 
sc.  2.  When  Falstaff  asks  Page,  "  What 
said  Master  Dumbleton  abou',  the  satin 
for  my  short  cloak  and  slops  ? "  Page 
replies,  "  He  said,  sir,  you  should  pro- 
cure him  better  assurance  than  Bardolph. 
He  .  .  .  liked  not  the  security.") 

Bardon  'Hugh),  the  scout-master  in 
the  troop  of  lieutenant  Fitzurse. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Barere  (2  syl.),  an  advocate  of  Tou- 
louse, called  "  The  Anacreon  of  th« 
Guillotine."  He  was  president  of  the  Con- 
vention, a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
Committee,  and  chief  agent  in  the  con- 
demnation to  death  of  Louis  XVI.  As 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Public 
Safety,  he  decreed  that  "Terror  must  be 
the  order  of  the  day."  In  the  first  em- 
pire Barere  bore  no  public  part,  but  at  the 
restoration  he  was  banished  from  France, 
and  retired  to  Brussels  (1755-1841). 

The  filthiest  and  most  spiteful  Yahoo  of  the  fiction 
was  a  nohle  creature  oompared  with  the  Earere  of  his- 
tory.— Lord  Macaulay. 

Bar'guest,  a  goblin  armed  with  teeth 
and  claws.  It  would  sometimes  set  up  in 
the  streets  a  most  fearful  scream  in  the 
"  dead  waste  and  middle  of  the  night." 
The  faculty  of  seeing  this  monster  was 
limited  to  a  few,  but  those  who  possessed 
it  could  by  the  touch  communicate  the 
"  gift "  to  others. — Fairy  Mythology, 
North  of  Enijland. 

Bar'gtdus,  an  Illyrian  robber  or 
pirate. 

Eargulus,  lUrrins  latro.  de  quo  est  apud  Theopompum 
magnas  opes  habuit. — Cicero.  De  Ojfieiit,  ii.  11. 

Baricondo,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Moorish  army.  He  was  slain  by  the 
duke  of  Clarence. — Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1516). 
Barker  (Mr.),  friend  to  Sowerbeiry 
Mrs.  Barker,  his  wife. — W.  Brough, 
A  Pnenomenon  in  a  Smock  Frock. 

BarTtis,  the  carrier  who  courted 
[Clara]     Peggot'ty,    by     telling     David 


BARLAHAM  AND  JOSAPHAT.        79 


BARN-BURNERS. 


rfield  trhea  he  wrote  home  to  say 
to  his  aoiM  "Barkis  IS  willin'."  ('Lira 
took  the  hint  nnd  became  Mrs.  Barkis, 

when  the  title  guei  out,  confirming  t 
itliloti  Unit  people  can't  ilio  till  the  lulu  goal  out.  Of  lie 
born  till  It  u  in.     Th*  laal  trordl  he  utters  are  "  I'-nrkui  U 
»iUm'."— C.  Dukoiii,  lHti.1  Co,  /- ri.-U.  DEL  (1s4j). 

(Mrs.  Quickly  says  of  sir  John  Falstafr, 
"'A  parted  even  ju^t  between  twelve  ami 
one,  e'en  at  the  taming  <>'  the  tide." — 
ILnnj   P.  act  ii.  bc.  3,  1699.) 

Barlaham  and  Josaphat,  the 
heroes  and  title  of  a  minnesong,  the 
object  of  which  was  to  show  the  triumph 
of  Christian  doctrines  over  paganism. 
liarlaham  i.»  a  hermit  who  converts  Josa- 
phat, an  Indian  prince.  This  ••  lay  "  was 
immensely  popular  in  the  ftfiddli 
ami  has  been  translated  into  every  Euro- 
pean language. — Rudolf  of  Ems  (a  min- 
nesinger, thirteenth  century). 

Barley  (lull),  Clara's  father.    Chiefly 
remarkable  for  drinking  rum,  and  thump- 
ing   on    the    ii"or. — C.    Dickens, 
Expectations  (1860). 

Barleycorn  (Sir  John),  Malt-liquor 
personified.  Mis  neighbours  vowed  that 
nir  John  should  die,  so  they  hired  r 
to  "  plough  him  with  ploughs  and  bury 
him ; "  this  they  did,  and  afterwards 
'•  combed  him  with  harrows  and  thrust 
clods  on  his  bead,"  hut  did  not  kill  him. 
Then  with  hooks  and  sickles  they  "cut 
his  li'u's  off  at  the  knees,"  bound  bim  like 
a  thief,  and  left  him  "  to  w  ither  with  the 
wind,"  hut  he  died  not.  They  now  "rent 
him  to  the  heart,"  and  having  "  mowed 
him  in  a  mow,"  sent  two  bravos  to  heat 
him  with  dubs,  ami  tin  y  beat  him 

that  "all  his  tlesh   fell   from   his   1 

but  yet  he  died  not.  To  ■  kiln  they  next 
hauled  him,  and  burnt  him  like  a 
martyr,  but  he  survived  the  burning. 
'I  hey  crushed  him  between  two 
luit  killed  him  not.  .sir  John  bore  no 
malice  for  this  ill-usage,  but  did  his  best 
to  eheer  the  flagging  spirits  even  of  bis 
wr-t  persecutors. 

•#*    This     son,;,      from      the      English 

Ihmemg-Master  (1661  .  is  generally 
ascribed  t<>  Robert  Burns,  but  nil  that  the 
Hootch   poet   did    was  slightly  to  niter 

of    it.      The   same    may    be    said    of 

"  Atild   Ian  -  Syne.     "<  i'  th<    i 

Bear)     is    Sair  for    Somebody," 
ii    grow    the    Rs  0 !"    and 

othei  songs,  set  down  to  thi 

of  Buna. 

Barlow,    the    favourite    archer    of 
VI 1 1.     II.    w  i     jo<  isch 


liv  the  nnrry  monarch  " 
ditch,"  and  his  two  oompanit 
of  Islington  "  and  '■  Earl  oi  I 

Barlow  (Billy),  a  jester,  who  fancied 

himself  a  "  might 

well  known  in  the  east  of  Load  rn 
died  in  Whitechapel  workh 

of  his  sayings  were  really  witty,  and  some 
of  his  attitudes  truly  farcicaL 

Bar'mecide  Feast,  a  mei 

feast,    an    illusion,    a    castle    in    the    air. 

Bchacabec  '"the  hare-lipped,"  a  man  in  tho 
greatest  disti  lay  called  on  lbs 

rich  Barmecide,  \\  ho   in   merr  .         • 

him  to  dine  with  him.     Bar 

washed  in  hypothetical  water,   S 
followed    his    example.      liar;; 

pretended    to    eat    "t"    varans  dainties, 
Schacabac  did  the  same,  and  ;  i 
highly,  and 

close.    The  story  •  cide  was  so 

pleased    that    Schacabac  had    thi 

and  ^' 1  tempi  i  to  tho 

spirit  of  the  joke  without   resentment, 

that    he    ordered     in    a    r 

which  Schacabac  ■ 

•t  y>jhts 

I  r"). 

Bar'nabaa  (8*..),  a  disciple  of  I 

liel,    COUSin     of     St.    Mark,    and    fellow - 

labourer  with  St.  PauL     Hi 
tyred  at  Salamis,  a.d. 

Bar'naby  ( \\  tie  and  chief 

character    of   a    novel    by    Mrs.    Trollope 

The    widow    is    a    vulgai 
tentious  husband-hunter,  wholly  without 
principle. 
called    Tho  Barn 

i  satire  on  America  and 
the  Americ  i 

Barnaby  I 

I 
allured  into  joining  the  Gordon  i 
i'.    Dickens,    Barn 

BanKU1!. 
Cock i u • 

Tomboy  of  the  W< 

n  tradesman  of  tin- old  thinks) 

the    foppery  and 
••  i  Joel 

■ 
and  even  ill-mannered,  he  hs  I 

and  g i  discernment 

■ 

Barr-Burnorn,     ultra-rsdicais     oi 


BARNES.  80 


BARTOLDO. 


destructives,  who  burnt  the  barns  in 
order  to  reform  social  and  political  abuses. 
These  wiseacres  were  about  as  sapient  as 
the  Dutchman  who  burnt  down  his  bams 
to  get  rid  of  the  rats  which  infested  them. 

Barnes  (1  syl.),  servant  to  colonel 
Mannering,  at  Woodburne. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Barney,  a  repulsive  Jew,  who  waited 
on  the  customers  at  the  low  public-house 
frequented  by  Fagin  and  his  associates. 
lUrney  always  spoke  through  his  nose. — 
U.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1S37). 

Barn'stable  (Lieutenant),  in  the 
British  navy,  in  love  with  Kate  Plowden, 
niece  of  colonel  Howard  of  New  York. 
The  alliance  not  being  approved  of,  Kate 
is  removed  from  England  to  America, 
but  Barnstable  goes  to  America  to  dis- 
cover her  retreat.  In  this  he  succeeds, 
but  being  seized  as  a  spy,  is  commanded 
by  colonel  Howard  to  be  hung  to  the 
yardarm  of  an  American  frigate  called  the 
Alacrity,  Scarcely  is  the  young  man  led 
off,  when  the  colonel  is  informed  that 
Barnstable  is  his  own  son,  and  he  arrives 
at  the  scene  of  execution  just  in  time  to 
save  him.  Of  course  after  this  he  marries 
the  ladv  of  his  affection. — E.  Fit? ball, 
The  Pilot  (a  burletta). 

Barnwell  (George),  the  chief  character 
and  title  of  a  tragedy  by  George  Lillo. 
George  Barnwell  is  a  London  apprentice, 
who  falls  in  love  with  Sarah  Millwood  of 
Shoreditch,  who  leads  him  astray.  He 
first  robs  his  master  of  £200.  He  next 
robs  his  uncle,  a  rich  grazier  at  Ludlow, 
and  murders  him.  Having  spent  all  the 
money  of  his  iniquity,  Sarah  Millwood 
turns  him  off  and  informs  against  him. 
Both  are  executed  (1732). 

%*  For  many  years  this  play  was  acted 
on  boxing-night,  as  a  useful  lesson  to 
London  apprentices. 

A  gentleman . . .  called  one  day  on  David  Ross  (1728-1790) 
tht-  actor,  and  told  him  his  father  who  lay  at  the  point  of 
death  greatly  desired  to  see  him.  When  the  actor  was  at 
the  bed-side,  the  dying  man  said.  "Mr  Koss.  some  forty 
years  ago,  like  '  Oeorne  Barnwell,'  I  wronged  my  master  to 
■apply  the  unbounded  extravagance  of  a  'Millwood.'  I 
took  her  to  see  your  performance,  which  so  shocked  me 
that  1  rowed  to  break  the  connection  am]  return  to  the 
path  of  virtue.  I  kept  my  resolution,  replaced  the  money 
I  had  stolen,  and  found  a  '  Maria  '  in  my  master's  daughter. 
I  soon  succeeded  to  my  master's  business,  mid  have 
bequeathed  you  £1001)  in  n.y  will. '— Pelhain,  Chronicles  of 
Crime. 

Baron  ( The  old  English),  a  romance 
by  Clara  Reeve  (1777). 

Bar'rabas,  the  rich  "  Jew  of  Malta." 
lie  is  simply  a  human  monster,  who  kills 
»n  oport,   poisons  whole   nunneries,    and 


invents  infernal  machines.  Shakespeare  a 
"Shylock"  has  a  humanity  in  the  very 
whirlwind  of  his  resentment,  but  Mar- 
lowe's "  Barrabas  "  is  a  mere  ideal  of  that 
"thing "which  Christian  prejudice  once 
deemed  a  Jew.  (See  Barabas.) — Mar- 
lowe, The  Jew  of  Malta  (1586). 

Bar'rabas,  the  famous  robber  and 
murderer  set  free  instead  of  Christ  by 
desire  of  the  Jews.  Called  in  the  Ne* 
Testament  Barab'bas.  Marlowe  rails  th« 
word  "Barrabas"  in  his  Jew  of  Malta  ; 
and  Shakespeare  says : 

Would  any  of  the  stock  of  Bar'rabas 

Had  been  her  husband,  rather  than  a  Christian  I 

Merchant  of  1'eniee,  act  l».  sc.  1  (1598). 

Barry  Corn  "wall,  the  nom  de  plumt 
of  Bryan  Waller  Procter.  It  is  ;id 
imperfect  anagram  of  his  name  (178S- 
1874). 

Barsad  (John),  alias  Solomon  Pross, 
a  spy. 

He  had  an  aquiline  nose,  but  not  straight,  having  » 
peculiar  inclination  towards  the  left  cheek;  expr>-s>i<>n 
therefore,  sinister.— C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two  cities.  U 
16  11859). 

Barsis'a  (Santon),  in  the  Guardian, 
the  basis  of  the  story  called  Tlie  Monk,  by 
M.  G.  Lewis  (1796). 

Barston,  alias  captain  Fenwicke,  a 
Jesuit  and  secret  correspondent  of  tht 
countess  of  Derby. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Peveri 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Barthol'omew  (Brother),  guide  0/ 
the  two  I'hilipsons  on  their  way  to 
Strasburg. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Omar- 
stem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Barthol'omew  (St.).  Hisday  is  Aligns! 
24,  and  his  symbol  a  knife,  in  allusion  fee, 
the  knife  with  which  he  is  said  to  hav« 
been  flayed  alive. 

Bartholomew  Massacre,  the  peal 
slaughter  of  the  French  huguenots  [pro- 
testants]  in  the  reign  of  Charles  IX., 
begun  on  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  1572. 
In  this  persecution  we  are  told  som« 
30,000  persons  were  massacred  in  cool 
blood.  Some  say  more  than  double  thai 
number. 

Bartholomew  Pigs.  Nares  say» 
these  piers  were  real  animals  roasted  nn<f 
sold  piping  hot  in  the  Smithlield  fair. 
Dr.  Johnson  thinks  they  were  the  "  tidj 
boar-pigs"  made  of  flour  with  cmrantr 
for  their  eyes.     Falstaff  calls  himself 

A  little  tidy  Bartholomew  boar-pig. 

■_•  /  en',i  1 1  .  act  ii.  sc.  4  (IMS). 

Bartoldo,  a  rich  old  miser,  who  died 
of  fear   and  want  of  su.^tenance.     Fazio 


BART  OLE 


81 


rifled  his  treasures,  and  at.  the  accusation 
of  bit  own  wife  was  tried  and  executed. — 
Dean  MUman,  Fazio  (1815). 

Bartoldo,  same  aa  Bertoldo  [q.  <•.). 

Bartoli  (in  French  B'arthole,  better 
known,  however,  bj  the  Latin  form  of  the 
name,  Bartolne)  was  the  most  famous 
Boaster  of  the  dialectical  tohool  of  jurists 
(1313-1356).  He  was  born  at  Bass* 
rata  in  Italy,  and  was  professor  of  Civil 
Law  at  the  University  of  Perugia.  His 
refutation  was  at  one  lime  immense,  and 

lii.-  works  were  quoted  as  authority  in 
nearly  every  European  court.    Hence  the 

French    proverb,    applied    to  a  well-read 

lawyer,  //•  knows  his  "  Barthole"  attoell 
a»  a  Cordelier  hi*  "  /><>rmi"  (an  anony- 
mous compilation  of  sermons  for  the  use 
of  the  Cordelier  monks).  Another  com- 
mon French  expression,  ftieolu  comma 
Barthole  ("as  decided  as  Barthole"),  is  a 
sort  of  punning  allusion  to  his  Reioltt- 
tiottee  Bartoli,*  work  in  which  the  knot- 
tiest questions  are  solved  with  ex  cathe- 
liin  peremptoriness. 

Bar'tolus,  a  covetous  lawyer,  hus- 
band of  Aniaran'ta.— Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Barton  (Sir  Atulrew),  a  Scotch  sca- 
ofRcer,  who  had  obtained  in  L511  letters 
of  marque  for  himself  and  his  two  sons, 
|o    make    reprisals    upon    the    Subjects    of 

Portugal.    The  council-board  of  England, 

at  which  the  earl  of  Surrey  presided,  was 
daily  pestered  by  complaints  from  British 
merchants  and  sailors  against  Barton,  and 

at    la>t    it   Wag    decided    to    put    h  nil    down. 

Two  ships  were,  therefore,  placed  under 

iommands  of    Mr  Thomas  and  sir 

F.dward    Howard,   an  engagement    took 

place,  and   sir   Andrew  Barton  was  .slain, 

bravely  fighting.  A  ballad  in  two  parts, 
called  "  Sir  Andrew  Barton,"  is  inserted 
in  Percy's  Retiques,  11.  ii.  12. 

Baruch.     DUet\   </  ma   /" 

\  t     Said    when    a    person    puts   an 

unexpected  question,  or  makes  a  startling 
proposal.      It    aro^e    thus:     Lafontaine 

went  one  day  with   Racine  to  t  a   V.r,  and 
iven  a  Bible.      I  le  turned  at  rand. 'in 

iyer  of  the  Jew  8,"  in  Baruch, 

mid    was   so   --truck    with    it    that    he   sail 

aloud  to  Racine,  "  Ditea,  done,  who  was 
i  arnch?  Why,  do  you  know,  man, 
he  was  a  fine  u'eiuus  •"  and  for  some  days 
atterwards  the  firsl  question  he  asked  his 
friend  i  was,  ,  .1/  ma.,  ■  " 

Hoh  t 


BASIL. 

BarzilTai    (3    si//.),    the    duk> 
Ormond,  a  friend  and  firm 

Charles  II.      As    Icir/illai   assisted    1 
when   he   was  expelled    by  Absalom   fn  in 

his  kingdom,  so  <  trmond  a.--. 

11.  when  he  was  in  exile. 
Iliinilt.ii.  crowned  will.  bonoan  iinil  with  yean,  .  .  . 
In  exile  wnli  ii 
For  iiiiii  lie-  nffared.  .mil  witli  linn  o  I  . 

l)r>Jull.  AlHllom  Md  A  cMophtl.  L 

Basa-Andre,   the    wild    woman,    s 

sorceress,  married  to  B&Sa-Jaun,  a  sort  ol 
vampire.      Ilasa-Andre     sometimes     id     a 

sort  of  land  mermaid  (a  beautiful  lady 

who  sits  in  a  cave  combing  her  locks  with 

a  golden  comb).     She  hates  church  bells. 

I  S<  e  B  isa-Jaun.) 

Basa-Jaun.a  wood-sprite,  married  tc 
Rasa-Andre,  a  Bora  n  SB.  Both  haled  the 
Sound     of    church    bells.        Three    brother: 

and  their  sister  agreed  to  serve  him,  but 
the  wood-sprite  Used  to  suck  blood  from 
the    linger   of   the    girl,    and    the   brothers 

resolved  to  kill  him.    'I  his  they  ■ 
plished.     The   Basa-Andre  induced  thf 

girl  to  put  a  tooth  into  each  of  i;  ■ 
baths   of   her   brothers,   and,  to  !   they  bo- 
came   oxen.     The  u'irl   ■  I   l>rid_'t 
saw  Basa-Andre.  and  said  it  she  did  nol 

restore  her  brothers  she  would  put  he; 
into  a  red-hot  oven,  so  Basa-Andre  told 

the  girl  tO  give  each  brother  three  blow, 
on  the  back  with  a  hazel  wand,  and  on  so 
doing  they  wen'  restored  to  their  proper 
forms. — Kev.W.  Webster,  Ba 

49  (1S77). 

Bashful  Man  (  The),  a  comic  drama 
by    \V.    T.    Honcrieff.     Edward    Blush- 

ington,  a  young  man  just  come  into  ;i 
lar_'e  fortune,  is  so  bashful  and  shy  that 
life  is  a  misery  to  him.  lie  it 
Friendly  Hall,  and  makes  all  son-  ol 
ridiculous  blunders.  His  college  chum. 
Prank  Friendly,  s.m*1s  word  to  -ay  that 

he  and  his  sister  I»i;  ih,  with  <ir  Thomas 
and  lady  Friendly,  will  dine  with  him  at 
Blu&hington  House.     After  a  few 

of    wine,       F.dward     loses      his     s 

makes  a  long  speech,  and  becomes  the 
accepted  suitor  ol  Diniah  Friendly. 

Basil,  the  blacksmith  of  Gnu 

tdia  i  n«>w  A  .  and  fathei 

of  Gabriel  the  betrothed  ol   I 

When  the  colony  was  driven  into  ■ 

1718   by  I 

Louisiana,  and  greatly  prospered  ;  but  hie 
son   led  a  wandering    life,  looking    fm 
■  line,    and    died    in     Pennsylvania 
of   the   plague.  —Longfellow, 


BASILE. 


82 


BASTARD. 


Ba'sile  (2  syl.),  a  calumniating,  nig- 
gardly bigot  in  Le  Mariwje  de  Figaro, 
and  again  in  Le  Barbier  de  Seville,  both 
by  Beaumarchais.  "Basile"  and  "  Tar- 
tuffe"  are  the  two  French  incarnations  of 
religious  hypocrisy.  The  former  is  the 
elerical  humbug,  and  the  latter  the  lay 
religious  hypocrite.  Both  deal  largely 
in  calumny,  and  trade  in  slander. 

Basil'ia,  a  hypothetical  island  in  the 
northern  ocean,  famous  for  its  amber, 
fclannert  says  it  is  the  southern  extremity 
of  Sweden,  erroneously  called  an  island. 
It  is  an  historical  fact  that  the  ancients 
drew  their  chief  supply  of  amber  from 
the  shores  of  the  Baltic. 

Basilis'co,  a  bully  and  a  braggart,  in 
Soli/man  and  Perscda  (1592).  Shake- 
epearc  has  made  "  Pistol "  the  counterpart 
of  "  Basilisco." 

Knight,  knight,  good  mother,  Basillseo-like. 

Shakespeare,  King  John,  act  i.  sc.  1  (1596). 

(That  is,  "  my  boasting  like  Basilisco 
has  made  me  a  "knight,  good  mother.") 

Bas'ilisk,  supposed  to  kill  with  its 
gaze  the  person  who  looked  on  it.  Thus 
Henry  VI.  says  to  Suffolk,  "  Come, 
basilisk,  and  kill  the  innocent  gazer  with 
thy  sight." 

Natus  in  ardente  Lvdiae  hasiliscus  arena, 
Vulnerat  aspectu,  luminibusque  nocet. 

M.-intuanus. 

Basilius,  a  neighbour  of  Quiteria, 
whom  he  loved  from  childhood,  but 
when  grown  up  the  father  of  the  lady 
forbade  him  the  house,  and  promised 
Quiteria  in  marriage  to  Camacho,  the 
richest  man  of  the  vicinity.  On  their 
way  to  church  they  passed  Basilius, 
who  had  fallen  on  his  sword,  and  all 
thought  he  was  at  the  point  of  death. 
He  prayed  Quiteria  to  marry  him,  "for 
his  soul's  peace,"  and  as  it  was  deemed  a 
mere  ceremony,  they  were  married  in  due 
form.  Up  then  started  the  wounded  man, 
and  showed  that  the  stabbing  was  only 
a  ruse,  and  the  blood  that  of  a  sheep  from 
the  slaughter-house.  Camacho  gracefully 
accepted  the  defeat,  and  allowed  the  pre- 
parations for  the  general  feast  to  proceed. 

Basilius  Is  strong  and  active,  pitches  the  bar  ad- 
mirably, wrestles  with  amazing  dexterity,  and  is  an 
excellent  cricketer.  He  runs  like  a  buck,  leaps  like  a 
wild  goat,  and  plays  at  skittles  like  a  wizard.  Then  he 
bus  a  fine  voice  for  singing,  he  touches  the  guitar  so  .-is  to 
make  it  speak,  and  bandies  a  foil  a-s  well  hk  any  fencer 
Id  Spain.— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  ii.  4  (1015). 

Baskerville  (A),  an  edition  of  the 
New  Testament,  or  Latin  classics,  brought 
out  by  John  Baskerville,  a  famous  printer 
(17(16-1775). 


Basrig  or  Bagsecg,  a  Scandinavian 
king,  who  with  Halden  or  Halfdene 
(2  syl.)  king  of  Denmark,  in  871,  made  a 
descent  on  Wessex.  In  this  year  Ethel- 
red  fought  nine  pitched  battles  with  the 
Danes.  The  first  was  the  battle  of  Engle- 
field,  in  Berkshire,  lost  by  the  Danes  ;  the 
next  was  the  battle  of  Reading,  won  by 
the  Danes ;  the  third  was  the  famous 
battle  of  /Escesdun  or  Ashdune  (now 
Ashton),  lost  by  the  Danes,  and  in  which 
king  Bagsecg  was  slain. 

And  Ethelred  with  them  [the  Dana]  nine  sundry  n»ds 

that  fought  .  .  . 
Then  Reading  ye  regained,  led  by  that  valiant  lord, 
Wbere  Basrig  ye  outbraved,  and  Halden  ^word  to  sword 
Drayton,  Polyolbion.  xii.  ',1613). 
Next  year  (871)  the  Danes  for  the  first  time  entered 
Wessex.  .  .  .  The  first  place  they  came  to  was  Heading. 
.  .  .  Nine  great  battles,  besides  smaller  skirmishes,  were 
fought  this  year,  in  some  of  which  the  English  won,  and 
in  others  the  Danes.  First,  alderman  Jithelwulf  fought 
the  Danes  at  Englefv  Id,  and  beat  them.  Four  days  after 
that  there  was  another  battle  at  Heading  .  .  .  where  the 
Danes  had  the  better  of  it,  and  ^thelwulf  was  killed. 
Four  days  afterwards  there  was  another  more  famot  j 
battle  at  /Escesdun  .  .  .  and  king  ./Ethelred  fought 
against  the  two  kings,  and  slew  Bagsecg  with  his  own 
hand.  — E.  A.  Freeman,  Old  Englith  Uutory  USGtf) ;  see 
Asser,  Life  of  Alfred  (ninth  century). 

t  Bassa'nio,  the  lover  of  Portia,  suc- 
cessful in  his  choice  of  the  three  caskets, 
which  awarded  her  to  him  as  wife.  It 
was  for  Bassanio  that  his  friend  Antonio 
borrowed  3000  ducats  of  the  Jew  Shylock, 
on  the  strange  condition  that  if  he  re- 
turned the  loan  within  three  months  no 
interest  should  be  required,  but  if  not, 
the  Jew  might  claim  a  pound  of  An- 
tonio's flesh  for  forfeiture. — Shakespeare, 
Merchant  of  Venice  (1598). 

Bas'set  (Count),  a  swindler  and 
forger,  who  assumes  the  title  of  "  count" 
to  further  his  dishonest  practices. — 
C.  Cibber,  T/ie  Provoked  Husband  (1728). 

Bassia'nus,  brother  of  Satur'nius 
emperor  of  Rome,  in  love  with  I^ivin'ia 
daughter  of  Titus  Andron'icus  (properly 
Anaronicus).  He  is  stabbed  by  Deme'- 
trius  and  Chiron,  sons  of  Tam'ora  queen 
of  the  Goths. — (?)  Shakespeare,  2'itus 
Andronicus  (1593). 

Bassi'no  (Count),  the  "  perjured 
husband"  of  Aurelia,  slain  by  Aloxizo. — 
Mrs.  Centlivre,  The  Perjured  Husband 
(1700). 

Bastard.  Homer  was  probabry  a 
bastard.  Virgil  was  certainly  one. 
Neoptol'emos  was  the  bastard  son  of 
Achilles  by  Deidamla  (5  syl.).  Romulus 
and  Remus,  if  they  ever  existed,  were  the 
love-sons  of  a  vestal.  Brutus  the  regi- 
cide was  a  bastard.     Ulysses  was  pro- 


BASTARD. 


83 


i;\i  ii.i:  of  WAin  ; 


bably  no,  Teucer  certainly,  and  Darioa 
gloried  in  the  surname  oi  aothos. 

Bastard  [The),  in  English  history  is 
William  I.,  natural  bod  of  Bob*  ri  le 
Diable.  His  mother  was  a  peasant  girl 
df  Falaise. 

Bastard  of  Orleans,  dean  Dnnois, 
n  oatura]  son  of  Louis  due  d'Orleans 
(brother  of  Charles  VI.),  and  one  of  the 
moat  brilliant  soldiers  France  ever  j>ro- 
duced   (1408-1468).     Be'ranger  mentions 

him  in  his  Charles 

Bastille.      The     prisoner    who    had 
been  confined  in  the  Bastille  for  sixty-one 
years  was  A.  M.  Dussault,  who  was  in- 
rated  by  cardinal  liichelieu. 

Bat.  In  South  Staffordshire  that 
■laty  coal  which  will  not  bum,  but  which 
Lies  in  the  tire  till  it  becomes  red  hot.  is 
called  "bat;"  hence  the  expression, 
Warm  as  a  bat. 

Bata'via,  Holland  or  the  Nether- 
lands. So  called  from  the  hatu'vians, 
ii  Celtic  tribe,  which  dwelt  there. 

.  .  .  roM  nf  cure, 
Bitarla  ru»he»  forth  :  and  us  they  «wrrp 

"ling  skati-s.  a  ttn'iisaml  different  ways, 
The  then  gay  land  is  maddi-m-d  all  with  Joy. 

Thomson,  Beaiotu  I"  Winter.''  17M). 

Bates  (1  syl.),  a  soldier  in  the  army  of 
Henry  V.,  under  sir  Thomas  Erpingham. 
Be  is  introduced  with  Curt  and 
Williams  as  sentinels  before  the  English 
camp  at  Agincourt,  and  the  king  un- 
known comes  to  them  during  the  watch, 
and  holds  with  them  a  convei 
respecting  the  impending  battle. — Shake- 
ire,  Henry  V.  ad  it,  bc.  1  (1598). 

i:,tt,s  (frank),  the  friend  of  Whittle. 

A  man  of  good    plain   miisi'.  who  trie-   iii 

laugh  the  old   bean   out  of  his  folly. — 
tiarrick,  The  Irish  Widow  (1767), 

Bates     [Charley),     generally     called 

•  s,"  one  of  ETagin's  "  pupils," 

training    to   be    a    pickpocket.      He    is 

always   laughing    upn  ind    is 

almost  equal  in  artifice  and    sdi 

l  le-    Artiul    I lodger  "    bin  ■ 
c.  Dickens,  "  .,•.  r  2 

Bath,  called  by  the   Romani 

•■  rs  of  the  mm  "  ■.  and  by  the 
^     Achamunnum    ("eitj     of     the 

biek  "). 

h,  generally 

sailed    /.   ,  .    fi  i  'i.    masU  r  of  I 
monies  for  fifteen  years  in  that  fashion- 
nble  city  ( ir.7l    176*1). 


Bath  ( The  Maid  oj  i 

1  ul  and  accompl  ih<  d    singer,  who 

married  Richard  B.  Sheridan,  thi 

man  and  dramatist. 

.    (  The     II  I    tha 

pilgrims  travelliu  •   uthwark   t» 

Canterbury,     in     Chau 

tells  her  tale  in  ton         I 
i 

Bath'sheba,  ilii'ln^  of  I'ortami  uih, 
a  favourite  court  lady  of  Charles  II.     Ah 
Bathsheba,     the    wife     ol    Uri's 
criminally  loved   by  David,  - 
Keroual    (du 
criminally  loved  by  Charles  II. 

MM    .   .  . 

Ii  grown  in  bath 

llnJui.  M-ilomttnd  AchUo^Ktl.  11. 

Battar  {At),  >.  .  one  of 

Mahomet's  swords. 

Battle  (  The  British  Soldu-rs'),  Ink»:r- 
nimi,  Koveml 

Battle  of  Barnet.  14th  April 
•  rtainly   one  <.i  the   most 
ever  fought,  although  it  finds  n< 
amongst  proi 

batl  Ii  -."     It   closed   for  ever   the 
Ap;e  of   I'oi  tentiality  of    the 

barons,  and  openi  d  the  new  i 
literature,  ami  public  opinion.      Here  fell 
Wurw  iek,  the  "  king  u    -  of  the 

barons  ; "  and  thi  ni  i  ft  rth  the  ki: 
no  peer,  but  king  was  king,  lords  were 
.  and  comm 

Battle  of  Nations,  the  terriblo 
conflict  at  Leipsic  (October  18  and  19, 
lM.ii  betwi  •  n  and  the 

Its  issue  n  as  the  di  feat  of 
the  deliverance  oi  Germany.     It  ii 
"  the  Battle  of  Nations  "  not  on] 

the    niiiuoi  i 

from  it  champion  buttle  of  the 

nations  of  Europe, 

Battle  of  Prague,  a 
scriptive  music  « i 
quart*  c  .It 

born  1791. 

Batl  '    V. 

annual 

the    |  ■  by    Id  rn 

graf  ol 

many,  in  tin-  twelfth  century. 
a   niinm 
■ 

•  ml  Wolfram  \  on  i 
Heinrich  ron<  ' 

the  !•■! imr  and  won  the  latt* 


BATTLE  OF  THE  GIANTS. 


84 


BAUCIS  AND  PHILEMON. 


Battle  of  the  Giants,  Marignano, 
September,  1515.  Francois  I.  won  this 
beetle  over  the  Swiss  and  the  duke  of 
Milan.  The  French  numbered  20,000 
men,  the  Swiss  20,000.  The  loss  of  the 
former  was  G000,  and  of  the  latter  10,000. 
It  is  called  "  the  Battle  of  the  Giants  "  be- 
cause the  combatants  on  both  sides  were 
"mighty  men  of  war."  and  strove  for 
victory  like  giants. 

Battle  of  the  Three  Emperors, 
Austerlitz,  2nd  December,  1805.  So 
called  because  the  emperor  Napoleon,  the 
emperor  of  Russia,  and  the  emperor  of 
Austria  were  all  present.  Napoleon  won 
the  fight. 

Battle  of  the  "West  (Great),  the 
battle  between  king  Arthur  and  Mordred. 
Here  the  king  received  his  death-wound. 

For  battle  of  the  books,  of  the  herrings, 
of  the  moat,  of  the  standard,  of  the 
spurs,  etc.,  nee, Dictionary  of  Phrase  and 
Fable. 

Battles  ( The  Fifteen  Decisive),  accord- 
ing to  professor  Creasy,  are — 

(1)  Mar'athon  (b.c.  490),  in  which  the 
Greeks  under  Milti'ades  defeated  Darius 
the  Persian,  and  turned  the  tide  of  Asiatic 
invasion. 

(2)  Syracuse  (b.c.  413),  in  which  the 
Athenian  power  was  broken  and  the  ex- 
tension of  Greek  domination  prevented. 

(3)  Arbe'la  (B.C.  331),  by  which  Alex- 
ander overthrew  Dariu3  and  introduced 
European  habits  into  Asia. 

(4)  Metawrus  (n.c.  207),  in  which  the 
Romans  defeated  Hannibal,  and  Carthage 
came  to  ruin. 

(5)  Armin'ius  (a.d.  9),  in  which  the 
Gauls  overthrew  the  Romans  under  Varus 
and  established  the  independence  of 
Gaul. 

(G)  Chalons  (a.d.  451),  in  which 
Attila,  "The  Scourge  of  God,"  was  de- 
feated by  Actius,  and  Europe  saved  from 
utter  devastation. 

(7)  Tours  (a. i).  732),  in  which  Charles 
Martel  overthrew  the  Saracens,  and  broke 
from  Europe  the  Mohammedan  yoke. 

(8)  Hastings  (a.d.  1066),  by  which 
William  the  Norman  became  possessed  of 
the  English  crown. 

(:>)  Orleans  (a.d.  1420),  by  which  Joan 
ef  Arc  raised  the  siege  of  the  city  and 
secured  the  independence  of  France. 

(10)  Arinada  (a.d.  1588),  which 
crushed  the  hopes  of  Spain  and  of  the 
papacy  in  England. 

(11)  Blenheim   (a.d.   1704),   in   which 


Marlborough,  by  the  defeat  of  Tallard, 
broke  off  the  ambitious  schemes  of 
Louis  XIV. 

(12)  Pultowa  (a.d.  1709),  in  which 
Charles  XII.  of  Sweden  was  defeated  by 
Peter  the  Great  of  Russia,  and  the  sta- 
bility of  the  Muscovite  empire  was 
established. 

(13)  Sarato'ya  (a.d.  1777),  in  which 
general  Gates  defeated  Burgoyne,  and 
decided  the  fate  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, by  making  France  their  ally. 

(14)  Valmy  (a.d.  1792),  in  which  the 
allied  armies  under  the  duke  of  Bruns- 
wick were  defeated  by  the  French  Revo- 
lutionists, and  the  revolution  was 
suffered  to  go  on. 

(15)  Waterloo  (a.d.  1815),  in  which 
Wellington  defeated  Napoleon  and  saved 
Europe  from  becoming  a  French  pro- 
vince. 

Battles.  J.  B.  Martin,  of  Paris,  painter 
of  battle-scenes,  was  called  by  the  French 
M.  des  Batailles  (1659-1735). 

Battle  for  Battle-axe. 

The  word  battle  .  .  .  seems  to  be  used  for  baitle-ux« 
In  this  unnotftoad  passage  of  the  Psaluis:  "There  brake 
He  the  iirrows  of  the  bow.  the  thicld.  the  tword.  and  the 
buttle  [axe]."— Iter.  J.  Whitaker,  Oibboti'i  Uutory  lie- 
viewed  117»1). 

Battle-Bridge,  King's  Cross,  Lon- 
don. Called  "Battle"  from  being  the 
site  of  a  battle  between  Alfred  and  the 
Danes;  and  called  "  King's  Cross"  from 
a  wretched  statue  of  George  IV.,  taken 
down  in  1842.  The  historic  name  of 
"  Battle-Bridge "  was  changed  in  1871, 
by  the  Metropolitan  Hoard,  for  that  of 
"  York  Road."     Miserabile  dictu  ! 

Battus,  a  shepherd  of  Arcadia.  Hav- 
ing witnessed  Mercury's  theft  of  Apollo's 
oxen,  he  received  a  cow  from  the  thief 
to  ensure  his  secrecy  ;  but,  in  order  to 
test  his  fidelity,  Mercury  re-appeared 
soon  afterwards,  and  offered  him  an  ox 
and  a  cow  if  he  would  blab.  Battus  fell 
into  the  trap,  and  was  instautly  changed 
into  a  touchstone. 

When  Tantalus  in  hell  sees  store  and  staves  ; 
And  senceless  Battus  for  a  touchstone  serves. 

Lord  Brooke,  TreatUe  on  J/otmrc/n'e.  to. 

Bau'cis  and  Philemon,  an  aged 
Phrygian  woman  and  her  husband,  who 
received  Jupiter  and  Mercury  hospitably 
when  every  one  else  in  the  place  had 
refused  to  entertain  them.  For  this 
courtesy  the  gods  changed  the  Phrygians' 
cottage  into  a  magnificent  temple,  and 
appointed  the  pious  couple  over  it.  They 
both  died  at  the  faame  time,  accoiiin^  to 


BA1  LDIE. 


K5 


BATES 


tlifcir  wish,  ami   were  converted   into  two 
before  the  temple.  ■  Greek   "^i  Bo- 
»/..;»  Mythology* 

Baul'dio    (2    syl.),    stable  -  I 
Joshua  Geddee  the  Quaker. — sir  \V.  Scott, 
tuntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Baul'die  (2  syl,).  the  old  shepherd  in 
the  introduction  of  the  story  called  The 
ttlach  Dwarf,  by  sir  W.  Scott  (time, 
Anne). 

Bav'iad  (The),  a  satire  by  W.  Gifford 
■in  the  Delia  Cruacan  achool  of  poetry 
T1794).  It  was  followed  in  1800  by  The 
Maviad.  The  words  "  Baviad  "  and 
l>  Maviad  "  were  suggested  by  Virgil, 
Sol.  iii.  HO,  91. 


He  mny  with  taut  plo 
Who  praise*  linvlua  or 


ixh  anrl  milk  lio-Ruatl 
on  Mfevius  dutcs. 


Bavian  Fool  (The),  one  of  the 
characters  in  the  old  morris  dance.  He 
wore  a  red  cap  faced  with  yellow,  a 
yellow  "  Blabbering-bib."  a  blue  doublet, 
red  hose,  and  black  shoes.  Be  represent! 
an  overgrown  baby,  but  was  a  tumbler, 
ami  mimicked  the  barking  of  ■  dog.  The 
word  Bavian   ia    derived    from   boron,  a 

"  bib    for   a   slabbering  child"   (see   Oot- 

gravc,  French  Dictionary),  In  modern 
French  boa  meana  "drivel,  "slabbering," 
and  the  verb  haver  "to  slabber,"  bul  the 

bib  is  now  called  baictte.  (See  BI0H&I8 
Danck.) 

Bavie'ca,  the  Cid'a  horse.  lie  sur- 
vived, his  master  t\s<>  yean  and  a  half, 
and  was  buried  at  Valencia.  No  one  was 
ever  allowed  to  mount  him  after  the 
death  of  the  <  id. 

Bavie'ca  [i.e.  "  Boohyrr\.  When  Rodri- 

go  was  taken   in  his  boyhood  to   choOSe  a 

1  he  passed  over  the  beal  ateeda,  and 
■elected    a    scrubby-looking    colt.      His 

godfather  called  the  boy  a  I by  [bavie- 

m]   for  making  such  a  silly   choice,    and 

the  name  was  given  t"  the  horse. 

viie      poet.       (See 


any 


Ba'vius, 

M.v:\  its.) 

Qui  Ilnviiim  DOB  '"lit.  linrt  tM  running.  Marl, 

At'|uc  Mem  jiinu.il  viil|>«-..  i*t  mubpml 

\  ir.,1.  /  <■•    111   BO,  Bi. 

M»v  *uiif  aboin  patron  bl m  1.  . .  ■  >  . ■•■■   1 

Mi>)  iter)  r.iimi  ban  hU  Bui 

Bawtry.    Liht 

■ 

1  ■  h).  it  was  cuatomary 
for  criminala  on  their  way  to  execution 
to  utoi  York    f<»r  a 

"  parting  draught."   The  saddler  ol 
tr\  refused  !■•  accept  1  e  li  |i    r,  and  «:>i 


hanged,  whereaa  if  he  :  I  a  few 

minutes  at  the  ta\  era  bia  n  pi 

1    the   r>  .-nt,  would  have  arrived   111 
time  tii  save  him. 

Ba'yard,   Le  I 

M    (117''.    1 
The  British  Bayard,  sir  Philip  Sidney 

The  Polish  Bayard,  prince  Joaeph  Poni- 
atowski  (1768   181  I). 

The  Bayard  of  India,  sir  Junes  Outram 
(1803-1868).  So  called  by  bir  Chaiiea 
Napier. 

lia'yanl,  a   horse    of  incredibli    1 
belonging  to  the  four  \%  num. 

If   only    one    mounted,    til-.-    bOTM    ITU    .  f 

the  ordinary  aize,  but  increased  in  pr..- 
portion  as  two  or  more  mounted.  (The 
word    meana    "bright    bay   colour.  J  — 

Villeneuve,  /.<  s  Quatn 

r,J,  the  steed  of  Fit/-  '    met,      S  r 
W.  Scott,  Lady  uf  the  Lake,  v.  18 

Bayar'do,     the     famou- 
Rinaldo,  which  once  belonged  t"  Atnldia 

of  GauL     It  was  found  in  a  grot;,,  by 

tile     wizard     Usiagigi,     along     with     the 

sword   Fueberta,  both  of  v 

to  his  cousin  Kmaldo. 

■  r  twi>.  lod  bene*  hi.  iimur  he  drew — 

.        A  iLir    ■!  >ll<rr  liiis 

Kiuhliuod  Ins  (runt. 

Taoo,  Airui.'Jo.  It  !■- 

Bayes  (1  syl.),  the  chief  character  of 
I  iUiera, 
duke  of   Buckingham   (1671 
represented  "f  applause,  im- 

patient  of  cenaure,   meanl]    obsequious, 

regardless   of   plot,  and   only  anxious   for 
claptrap.        The     character    ifl 
John    I>rvdcn. 

%•   ('.  Dibdin,  in  his  11.     ■ 

■  thai  Mr-,  tfountford  I 

"Bayea"  "witb  re  variety  than  iiad 

e\  er  been  throw  n  into  the  p:ir:  b,  • 

I     ling  ri|    »i 

1 

olt'OIC  t!  .  , 

within   U 

A 

troops, 

the    farce    al  'lie    is 

idiers  snd 
hobb]  '  •  laal   Dm* 

all  00  both  aidee.    Smith  th<  o  asks  Baves 

'  How  arc  1  bey   to  "  As   they 

. 
\S  hereupon  the  d<  ad  nun  all 

Ibis  revival  of   life  is   \n  iU: 


BAYEUX  TAPESTRY. 


86 


BEARDED. 


Rhodes  in  the  last  scene  of  his  Bombastes 
Furioso. 

Bayeux  Tapestry,  said  to  be  the 
work  of  English  damsels  retained  in  the 
court,  of  Matilda,  the  Conqueror's  wife. 
When  Napoleoneontemplated  the  invasion 
of  England  in  1803,  he  caused  this  record 
to  be  removed  to  Paris,  where  it  was  ex- 
hibited in  the  National  Museum.  Having 
served  its  purpose,  it  was  returned  to 
Bayeux.  Fac-similes  by  Stothard  were 
published  in  the  Vetusta  Monumenta,  at 
the  expense  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries. 
The  original  is  preserved  in  the  Hotel  of 
the  Prefecture  of  Bayeux  (Normandy) 
and  is  called  Toile  de  St.  Jean.  1 1  is  coiled 
round  a  windlass,  and  consists  of  linen 
worked  with  wools.  It  is  20  inches 
broad,  214  feet  long,  and  contains  72 
compartments. 

1st  compartment,  Edwardus  Bex:  the 
Confessor  is  giving  audience  to  two  per- 
sons, one  of  .whom  is  Harold.  2nd, 
Harold,  witli  a  hawk  in  his  hand  (a  mark 
of  nobility)  and  his  hounds,  is  on  his 
way  to  Bosham.  3rd,  Ecclesia  :  a  Saxon 
church,  with  two  figures  about,  to  enter. 
4th,  Harold  embarking.  5th,  The  voyage 
to  Normandy.  6th,  Disem harking  on  the 
coast  of  Normandy.  7th  and  8th,  seizure 
of  Harold  by  the  count  of  Poi.tbieu.  9th, 
Harold  remonstrating  with  Guy,  the 
count,  upon  his  unjust  seizure.  10th  to 
20th,  scenes  connected  with  the  sojourn 
of  Harold  at  the  court  of  William.  26th, 
Harold  swearing  fidelity  to  William,  with 
each  hand  on  a  shrine  of  relics.  27th, 
Harold's  return.  28th,  his  landing.  29th, 
presents  himself  to  king  Edward.  30th 
to  32nd,  the  sickness  of  the  Confessor, 
his  death,  and  his  funeral  procession  to 
Westminster  Abbey.  33rd,  the  crown 
offered  to  Harold.  34th,  Harold  on  the 
throne,  and  Stigant  the  archbishop.  35th, 
the  comet.  36th,  William  orders  a  fleet 
to  be  built.  55th,  orders  the  camp  at 
Hastings  to  be  constructed.  71st,  death 
of  Harold.  72nd,  duke  William  triumph- 
ant. Although  530  figures  are  repre- 
sented in  this  tapestry,  only  three  of 
them  are  women. 

Baynard  {Mr.),  introduced  in  an  epi- 
sode in  the  novel  called  Humphry 
Clinker,  by  Smollett  (1771). 

Bayswater  (London),  that  is, 
Bayard's  Watering,  a  string  of  pools  and 
ponds  which  now  form  the  Serpentine. 

Bea'con  (Tom),  groom  to  Master 
Chiflic^h  (private  emissary  of  Charles  II.). 


— Sir  W.  Scott, Pcveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.).  . 

Beadle.  The  runnimj  banquet  of  tv<i 
beadles,  a  public  whipping.  (See  Henry 
VI 11.  act  v.  sc.  3.) 

Bea'gle  (Sir  Harry),  a  horsy  country 
gentleman,  who  can  talk  of  nothing  but 
horses  and  dogs.  He  is  wofully  rustic 
and  commonplace.  Sir  Harry  makes  a 
bargain  with  lord  Trinket  to  give  up 
Harriet  to  him  in  exchange  for  his  horse. 
(See  Goldfinch.) — George  Colmau.  Tin 
Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Beak.  Sir  John  Fielding  was  called 
"  The  Blind  Beak  "  (died  1780). 

Bean  Lean  (Donald),  alias  Will 
Ruthven,  a  Highland  robber-chief.  He 
also  appears  disguised  as  a  pedlar  on  the 
road-side  leading  to  Stirling.  Waverley 
is  rowed  to  the  robber's  cave  and  remains 
there  all  night. 

Alice  Bean,  daughter  of  Donald  Bean 
Lean,  who  attends  on  Waverley  during  a 
fever. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Bear  (The),  emblem  of  ancient  Persia. 
The  golden  lion  was  the  emblem  of  an- 
cient Assyria. 

Where  is  tli"  Assyrian  lion's  golden  hide. 

That  all  the  Bui  once  graiped  in  lordly  paw 
Where  that  great  Persian  bear,  whose  swelling  prld» 

The  lion's  self  tan  out  with  ravenous  jaw? 

Phin.  Fletcher,  The  Purple  jtl.md,  vli.  (1633). 

Bear  ( The),  Russia,  its  cognizance  being 
a  bear. 

France  turns  from  her  abandoned  friends  afresh. 
And  soothes  Uie  Lear  that  prowls  for  patriot  flesh. 
Campbell,  Poland. 

Bear  ( The  Brave) .  Warwick  is  so  called 
from  his  cognizance,  which  was  a  bear 
and  rayyed  staff. 

Bear  (The  Great),  called  "  Hellice." 

Night  on  the  earth  poured  darkness;  oil  the  sea 
The  wakeful  sailor  to  Orion's  star 
And  Hellice  turned  heedful. 

Apollouius  Khodius,  Anjonaut'ni. 

Bearcliff  (Deacon),  at  the  Gordon 
Arms  or  Kippletringam  inn,  where 
colonel  Mannering  stops  on  bis  return  to 
England,  and  hears  of  Bertram's  illness 
ami  distress. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner* 
inj  (time,  George  II.). 

Bearded  (The).  (1)  Geoffrey  the 
crusader.  (2)  Bouchard  of  the  house  of 
Montmorency.  (3)  Constantine  IV. 
(648-685).  "(1)  Master  George  Killing - 
worthe  of  the  court  of  Ivan  the  Terrible 
of  Russia,  whose  beard  (says  Hakluyt) 
was  live  feet  two  inches  lone,  yelkw. 


BEARNAI3. 


K7 


BEAUJEU. 


thick,  and  broad.     Sir  Hugh  Willoughby 
was  allowed  to  take  it  in  his  hand. 

Bearded  Matter.    Soc'ratSs  was  bo 
called  by  Pereiua  |  b.o.  168  399). 

Handsome  Beard,  Baldwin  I\'.  earl 
of  Flanders  (1160-1186). 

John  Vie  Bearded,  John  Mayo,  the 
German  painter,  whose  beard  touched  the 
ground  when  he  stood  upright. 

"Bearnais  (/>),  Henri  IV.  of  France, 
•o  called  from  his  native  province,  Le 
Beam  (1653-1G10), 

Be'atrice  (3  »yl.\  a  child  eight  years 
old,  to  whom  Dante  at  the  age  of  nine 
was  ardently  attached.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Folco  Portina'ri,  a  rich  citizen 
of  rlorence.  Beatrice  married  Simoni  de 
Bardi,  and  died  before  she  was  24  years 
old  (1266-1290).  Dante  married  Gem- 
ma Donati,  and  his  marriage  was  a  most 
unhappy  one.  His  love  fox  Beatrice  re- 
mained after  her  decease.  She  was  the 
fountain  of  his  poetic  inspiration,  and  in 
his  Divina  Guam  dia  be  makes  her  his 
guide  through  paradise 

Daiitd'n  Beatrice  nmi  Milton's  Evo 
Were  uui  drawn  from  tliclr  m>.>uvs  1 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  iiL  IOOSI0)i 

(Milton,  who  married  Mary  Powell,  of 
Oxfordshire,  was  as  unfortunate  in  his 
choice  as  Dante.) 

Beatrice,  wife  of  Ludov'ico  Sforza. 

Beatrice,  daughter  of  Ferdinando  kin;; 
of  Naples,  Bister  of  Leonora  dncl  i 
Ferrara,  and  wife  of  Mathiaa  Corvi'nua 

>f  Hungary. 

Beatrice,  niece  of  1 nato  governor  of 

Messina,  lively  and  light-hearted,  affec- 
tionate and  impulsive.      Though   wilful 

-   not  wayward,  though   volatile   she 

.s  not  unfeeling,   though  teeming  with 
wit   and  gaiety  she   ia  affectionate  and 

At  tir>t  she  dislikes  B<  I  I  - 
diek,  and  thinks  him  a  flippant  C<  ' 

mb ;  I  nit  overhearing  a  conversation 
•  a  her  cousin  Hero  and  her  gentle- 
woman,   in    which    Hero    bewail 

uld  triile  w  itli  sueli  deep  love 
a>t  that  of  Benedick,  and  should  scorn 
so  true  and  good  ■  gentleman,  sh< 

the  wind  thus?  then  farewell  con- 
edick,  love  on  ;   I  will  requite 
\  mi."     Tin  ion  of  Hen 

*   mere    ruat ,   but    Benedick    ha 
rauglit    by   a    similar    trick    played    by 

lio.      The    result    WRJ)    they   .- 

b>»e<l  each  other,  and  ware  married. 


Shakespeare,  Iluch  Ado   abuut    KotUxng 
(1600). 

M        H-lr'i   Pa      ft  lmper«onatl«>tn  are  nature  lUrlf. 
"  Rcaallnd."   .... 
.    .11    our    (anc> —  OuMtn     t'nlrr-ntji    X 

Beatrico  Cenci,  The  /. 
r 

Beatrice  D'Este,  canonized  at 
Rome. 

Beau     Bruminel,     George     I 
Brummel  (1778  I  - 

Beau  Clark,  a  billiard-maker  nt  the 
beginning    of    the    nil  •   ■  i  nturv. 

Hi-  was  called  " The  Beau,"  assumed  the 
name  of  /    m   •  re,  and  paid  his  u.i  . 
to  u; 

Beau  Fielding,  called  "  Handsome 
Fielding  "by  Charles   II..  by  ■  play  on 

his  name,  which  was  Hendrotne  Fielding. 
He  died  in  Scotland  Yard. 

Beau  Hewitt  was  the  original  of  -ir 
George  Btherege'e  "'-ir  Fopling  Flutter," 
in  the  comedy  called  The  Man  oj  Modi 
or  8ir  Fopling  Flutter  ( : 

Beau  Nash,  Richard  N 
also  "  King  of  loth  ; "  a  Welsh  gentleman, 
who  fur  fifteen  years  managed  the  bath- 
rooms of  Hath,  and  conducted  the  balls 
with  unparalleled  Bplendour and de< 
In  his  old  age  he  sank  into  poverty  (1674- 
1761). 

Beau  d'Orsay  (Le),  father  of  i 
i ,  whom  Byron  calls  ■•  Jeu  i 

I'Uon." 

Beau  Scant,  the  Templars'  banner, 
half   white  and   half    black  ;    the   white 
signified  that  the  Templars  m 
Christians,  the  black  that  the] 
to  infidels. 

Beau  Tibbs,  in  Goldsmith's  l 

dandy    noted    for   his 

finery,  vanity,  an 

Beavu-lork,  Henry   I.  ki 
land  (1068,  11""   I 

Beaufort .  the  I  ivei    f  1H        W 
whom  he  ultimately  marries.     A.   Mur- 
phy, The  i  fa 

Bcaujcu    (Mens,    l<-    ci 

i 

i 
in    the    army    ol    the  Chevaliei 

t'liarii  -  •  r       Sir  W, 

Scott,   •  •  11.). 


BEAUMAINS. 


'88 


BEAUX'  STRATAGEM. 


Beaumains  ("big  hands"),  a  nick- 
name which  sir  Key  (Arthur's  steward) 
gaveto  Garethwhen  hewas  kitchen  drudge 
in  the  palace.  "  He  had  the  largest  hands 
that  ever  man  saw."  Gareth  was  the  son 
of  king  Lot  and  Margawse  (king  Arthur's 
6ister).  His  brothers  were  sir  Gaw'ain, 
Bir  Agravain,  and  sir  Gaheris.  Mordred 
was  his  half-brother. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  120  (1470). 

*+*  His  achievements  are  given  under 
the  name  "Gareth  "  (q.v.). 

Tennyson,  in  his  Gareth  and  Lynctte, 
makes  sir  Kay  tauntingly  address  Lance- 
lot thus,  referring  to  Gareth  : 

Fair  and  fine,  forsooth  I 
Sir  Fine-face,  sir  Fair-hands!    But  see  thou  to  It 
That  thine  own  fineness,  Lancelot,  some  fine  day. 
Undo  thee  not. 

Be  it  remembered  that  Kay  himself 
called  Gareth  "Bcaumain"from  the  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  lad's  hands  ;  but  the 
taunt  put  into  the  mouth  of  Kay  by  the 
poet  indicates  .that  the  lad  prided  himself 
on  his  "fine"  face  and  "fair"  hands, 
which  is  not  the  cnse.  If  "  fair  hands  " 
is  a  translation  of  this  nickname,  it 
should  be  "fine  hands,"  which  bears  the 
equivocal  sense  of  big  and  beautiful. 

Beau'manoir  (Sir  Lucas),  Grand- 
Master  of  the  Knights  Templars. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Beaupre  [Bo-pray'],  son  of  judge 
Vertaigne  (2  syl.)  and  brother  of  Lami'ra. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Little 
French  Lawyer  (1647). 

Beaute"  (2  syl.').  La  dame  de  Beaute'. 
Agnes  Sorel,  so  called  from  the  chateau 
de  Beaute,  on  the  banks  of  the  Ma  me, 
given  to  her  by  Charles  VII.  (1409-1450). 

Beautiful  (The)  or  La  Bella.  So 
Florence  is  called.  France  is  spoken  of 
by  Frenchmen  as  La  Belle  France. 

Beautiful  Corisande  (3  syl.), 
Diane  comtesse  de  Guiche  et  de  Gram- 
mont.  She  was  the  daughter  of  Paul 
d'Andouins,  and  married  Philibert  de 
Gramont,  who  died  in  1580.  The  widow 
outlived  her  husband  for  twenty-six 
years.  Henri  IV.,  before  he  was  king  of 
Navarre,  was  desperately  smitten  by  La 
belle  Corisande,  and  when  Henri  was  at 
war  with  the  League,  she  sold  her  dia- 
monds to  raise  for  him  a  levy  of  20,000 
Gascons  (1554-1620). 

(The  letters  of  Henri  to  Corisande  are 
Btill  preserved  in  the  Bibliothe'qne  de 
V Arsenal,  and  were  published  in  176J).) 

Beautiful  Parricide  (The),   Bea- 


trice Cenci,  daughter  of  a  Roman  noble- 
man, who  plotted  the  death  of  her  father 
because  he  violently  defiled  her.  She  was 
executed  in  1605.  Shelley  has  a  tragedy 
on  the  subject,  entitled  TJie  Cenci.  Guido 
Reni's  portrait  of  Beatrice  is  well  known 
through  its  numberless  reproductions. 
(See  p.  173.) 
Beauty. 

Beauty  soon  grows  familiar  to  the  lover. 
Fades  in  his  eye,  and  palls  upon  the  sense. 

Addison,  Cato,  i.  1  (17131 

Beauty  (Queen  of).  So  the  daughter  of 
Schems'eddin'  Mohammed,  vizier  of 
Egypt,  was  called.  She  married  he 
cousin,  Bed'reddin'  Hassan,  son  of  Nour'- 
eddin'  Ali,  vizier  of  Basora. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Noureddin  A4i,"  etc.). 

Beauty  and  the  Beast  (La  Bellr 
et  la  Bete),  from  Les  Contes  Marines  of 
Mde.  Villeneuvre  (1740),  the  most  beau- 
tiful of  all  nursery  tales.  A  young  and 
lovely  woman  saved  her  father  by  putting 
herself  in  the  power  of  a  frightful  but 
kind-hearted  monster,  whose  respectful 
affection  and  melancholy  overcame  her 
aversion  to  his  ugliness,  and  she  consented 
to  become  his  bride.  Being  thus  freed 
from  enchantment,  the  monster  assumed 
his  proper  form  and  became  a  young  and 
handsome  prince. 

Beauty  but  Skin-deep.  This  ex- 
pression occurs  in  Ralph  Venning's  Ortho- 
doxe  Paradoxes. 

All  tho  beauty  of  the  world  'tis  but  skin-deep,  a  sun- 
blast  defaceth  it— 3rd  Edit.,  -11  (1«5U). 

Beauty  of  Buttermere  (3  syl.), 
Mary  Robinson,  who  married  John  Hat- 
field, a  heartless  impostor  executed  foi 
forgery  at  Carlisle  in  1803. 

Beauty  when  Unadorned  A- 
dorned  the  Most.— Thomson,  Sea- 
suns  ("Autumn,"  1730). 

Beaux'  Stratagem  (The),  by  Geo. 
Farquhar.  Thomas  viscount  Aiiuwell 
and  his  friend  Archer  (the  two  beaux), 
having  run  through  all  their  money,  set 
out  fortune-hunting,  and  come  to  Lich- 
field as  "master  and  man."  Ainiwell 
pretends  to  be  very  unwell,  and  as  lady 
Bountiful's  hobby  is  tending  the  sick  and 
playing  the  leech,  she  orders  him  to  be 
removed  to  her  mansion.  Here  he  and 
Dorinda  (daughter  of  lady  Bountiful)  fall 
in  love  with  each  other,  and  finally  marry. 
Archer  falls  in  love  with  Mrs.  Sullen,  tfcc 
wife  of  squire  Sullen,  who  had  been  uar* 
ried  fourteen  months  but  agreed  to  a 
divorce  on  the  score  of  incompatibility  of 
tastes  and  temper.     This  marriage  forms 


BKI>  DF   WAKK. 


no  part  of   ttiH   play  ;  all    we   are    told    in 

that  she  retunu  to  the  roof  of  her  brother, 

.rle.s  I-  ncman  (1707). 

Bed  of  Ware,  a  la r 
holding  twelve  persons.     Traditi 
»i„'ns  it  to  Warwick,  the  "  king  maker." 

Bede  (CutMx-rt),  the  Rev.  Edward 
Bradley,  author  of  Tk  .1  i  tUvarssof  Mr. 
Verdant  Green,  an  OxjDid  Freshman 
(1867). 

Bodograin  (Castle  of),  in  Sherw 1. 

It  wus  a  royal  castle,  belonging  to  km^ 
Artlmr. 

Bed'er  ("the  full  twxm"),  Ron  of  Gul- 
nn're  (;i  .->•;//.),  the  young  king  of  Persia. 
As  lii«  mother  eras  sn  under-sea  princess, 

lie    was   tmshltd    tn    live    miller   Water   as 

well  as  on  land.  Bedarwas  a  young  man 
nf  handsome  person,  quick  part-. 
able  manners,  ami  amiable  disposition. 
He  fell  in  love  with  Giauha'rd,  daughter 
rf  the  kin- of  Bamandal,  the  mosl  power- 
fa]  of  the  under-sea  empires,  I  mi  t  Giau- 
haH  changed  him  into  a  white  bird  with 
ted   beak  and  red  legs.     After  various 

adventures,     BedOT    resumed     his    human 

form   ami    married  Giauhard.    -A 
flights  ("  Heder  and  GiauharG  ''). 

Bod'er  or  Bedr,  a   valley   noted   for 

thu  victory  gained  by  Mahomet,  in  which 
" he  was  assisted  by  8000  angels  led  by 
Gabriel  mounted  on  his  horse  Halz'um. 
— Sale's  Aumii. 

Bed'ivore  (Sr)  or  Bod'iver.  kin- 
Arthur's  butler  aud  a  knight  of  the  Round 
Table,  lie  was  the  last  of  Arthur's 
knights,  and  was  senf  bj  the  dying  king 

to   throw    his   sword    Excalibui    into    the 

mere.     Being  cast  in,  il  was  caught  by 

an    arm    "clothed   in    white   samite,"  and 

drawn  into  the  stream. — Tennyson,  Moris 

d'  Arthur 

Tennyson's  Moris  tTArthur  is  a  very 

■id  m  many  parts  a  verbal  render- 

t    the  sams   tale    in    sir    Thomas 

Malory's  Mortt  it  Arthur,  id.  168  (1470). 

Bedlam  Botr^MrHi  lanatics  or  mad 

■en   belonging  to  Bethh  b<  m    Hospital. 

llus    institution    M 

lunatics,  hut  m  1641  the  Dumber  admitted 

wan  forty-tour,  and  applications   t 
numerous  that  many  w<  re  dismissed  half 
rured.     'I  bese    "  ncki  t-oi  i.  as  e  "    m<  n 
i.          •  wander  about  as  vagrants,  lit 
'•  mad  songs  "  and  dressed  in  the 
manner,  to  excite  e |- 

Hr.wwih*  h.u   I.tii   In    BadlUB,  and   *lll   txlli   fr»n- 
llr. 
IB  hi.  lukk*d  lU.I..  cu..,.U)  111  l.l.  irn.c.  .1..,.' 


nl»-U>  i>uu  hlfn»!fr  to  only  t..  nuke  <-i  i«-l,.-».  l.li* 
ul  In..,: 

Ult    Clll..  • 

lliai.ti  —  l*x  Wrr.  lit   ifi.iM  u/  U 

Bed'ouin 
of  Ar.  amnion  parlance,  "tlm 

homeli  poor."     Thus    gutter 

children  are  called  "  Bedouii 

Bed'reddin'  Has'san  of  Beso'sa. 
Hon   of   N'our'edilin'  All  grand   vh  ' 

Besom,  and    nephew   to    Behesae'eddin' 

Mohammed  vi/n-r  of  Rgvpi.      His  '■■ 

wa.s  transcendent  and  ins  talents  of  the 

tirst     order.       \\ ';  •  Id     In* 

father  dud,   and    the   sultan,   angry   with 

him  for  keeping  from  court,  con 

all    his    goods,    and    would    I    . 
•  din  if  he  had  not  ma:. 

I  ruring  sli '  p  he  wai 

iro.    and    substituted  for   an  ugly 
-room  (Hunchback)  to  whom  his  i 
the  Queen  of  Beauty,  was  to  have  been  mar- 
ried.   Ni  \t  daj  be  »:h  earned  ■  •:!  by  the 
same  mi  ana  to  I  lamaseua,  a 
for  ten  years  si 

sde  for  him,  and 
halting  outside  the  city   of    Han.. 
M-rit    for   some   cfa  When   the 

CakeS  arrived,  the  widow  of  Nour- 

eddin  declared  that  they  must  have 

made   by    her   son,  f,.r    •  •     knew 

the  secret  of  making  them,  and  that  shu 

herself  had  taught  it  him.     <  »'.i  ' 

this,  the   vi/ier  ordered    I'.edreddin   to   ho 

seized,  "for  making  cheeee-cakes  with- 
out pepper,"  and  the  joke  a  i 
till  the  party  arrived  at  Cairo,  when  the 
pastry-cook  prim  i  tnitod  to  his 

the    Queen    of    Beaut} 
Noureddin  Ah,"  ■  I 

Boilwm     '■  keeper 

Brownlow.     A  kind,  motherlt  soul,  mho 
-t     most     di  .irl\ 

Dicken 

bolized  their  km,:s  under  tins   emblem. 

to    the   meritorious,   and    t1., 
punishment  rded    to   tl  < 

worthy. 

Aj  Hi*  K*j|'l*ln  u*ra! 

•  ■• 

Mfcttra*  Ut  1 

•«•  In  the  em i  ii  roj  »1 

ickly  sown 
with    gold<  n    I"  <  i    In " 

t  Chil'derv  mora 


BEE. 


90  BEGGAR  OF  BETHNAL  GREEN. 


than  300  golden  bees  were  discovered  in 
1653.  Hence  the  emblem  of  the  French 
empire. 

Bee,  an  American  word  recently  intro- 
duced to  signify  a  competitive  examina- 
tion :  thus — 

A  Spelling  Bee  is  a  company  met  to- 
gether to  compete  with  each  other  in 
spelling. 

A  Husking  Bee  is  a  company  assembled 
together  to  compete  with  each  other  in 
stripping  the  husks  from  the  ears  of 
maize. 

A  Musical  Bee  is  a  company  assembled 
together  to  compete  with  each  other  in 
•singing  or  playing  music  "  at  eight," 
etc.,  etc. 

Bee-line,  the  straightest^or  shortest 
distance  between  two  points.  This  is  an 
American  expression,  equivalent  to  "As 
the  crow  flies  ;"  but  crows  do  not  always 
fly  in  a  direct  line,  as  bees  do  when  they 
6eek  their  home. 

Sinners,  you  are  making  a  bee-line  from  time  to  eternity, 
and  what  you  have  once  passed  o\er  you  will  never  pass 
over  again.—  Dow,  Lay  Scrmont. 

Bee  of  Attica,  Soph'oclOs  the  dra- 
matist (n.c.  495-405).  The  "Athenian 
Bee "  was  Plato  the  philosopher  (b.c. 
428-347). 

The  Bee  of  Attica  rivalled  .lEschylus  when  In  the  posses- 
ilon  of  the  stage.— Sir  W   Scott,  The  Drama. 

Bee  Painted  (.4)  by  Quintin  Matsys 
on  the  outstretched  leg  of  a  fallen  an^el 
painted  by  Mandyn.  It  was  so  life-like 
that  when  the  old  artist  returned  to  the 
studio  he  tried  to  frighten  it  away  with 
his  pocket-handkerchief. 

Beef  ington  (Milor),  introduced  in 
The  Hovers.  Casimir  is  a  Polish  emi- 
grant, and  Bcefington  an  English  noble- 
man exiled  by  the  tyranny  of  king  John. 
■ — A  nti- Jacobin. 

"  Will  without  power,"  said  the  sagacious  Caslmlr  to 
Milor  Bfftflngton,  "  is  like  children  playing  at  soldiers." — 
Macaulay. 

Be'elzebub  (4  sgl.),  called  "prince 
of  the  devils"  (Matt.  xii.  24),  worshipped 
at  Ekron,  a  city  of  the  Philistines  (2 
Kings  i.  2),  and  made  by  Milton  second 
to  Satan. 

One  next  himself  In  power  and  next  In  crime — 
Beiiizebub. 

ParadUe  LoU.  I.  80  (1665). 

Bee'nie  (2  syl.),  chambermaid  at  Old 
St.  Ronans  inn,  held  bv  Meg  Dod3. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Jiomin's  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Befa'na.  the  good  fain-  of  Italian 
children.      She  is  supposed  to  fill  their 


shoes  and  socks  with  toys  when  they  go 
to  bed  on  Twelfth  Night.  Some  one 
enters  the  bedroom  for  the  purpose,  and 
the  wakeful  youngsters  cry  out,  "  Kccu  la 
Befana ! "  According  to  legend,  Befana 
was  too  busy  with  house  affairs  to  take 
heed  of  the  Magi  when  they  went  to  offer 
their  gifts,  and  said  she  would  stop  for 
their  return ;  but  they  returned  by 
another  way,  and  Befana  every  Twelfth 
Night  watches  to  see  them.  The  name  it 
a  corruption  of  Epiphania. 

Beg  ("lord"),  a  title  generally  given  U> 
lieutenants  of  provinces  under  the  grand 
si^nior,  but  rarely  to  supreme  princes. 
Occasionally,  however,  the  Persian  em- 
perors have  added  the  title  to  their  names, 
as  Hagmet  beg,  Alman  beq,  Morad  beg, 
etc. — Selden,  Titles  of  Honour,  vi.  70 
(1(172). 

Beq  (Callum),  page  to  Fergus  M'lvor, 
in  Waver  ley,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  George  II.). 

Beg  (Toshach),  MacGillie  Chattanach* 
second  at  the  combat. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Beggars  (King  of  the),  Bampfyldn 
Moore  Carew.  He  succeeded  Clause 
Patch  (1093,  1730-1770). 

Beggar's  Daughter  (The).  "Bessee 
the  beggar's  daughter  of  Bethnal  Green," 
was  very  beautiful,  and  was  courted  by 
four  suitors  at  once — a  knight,  a  country 
squire,  a  rich  merchant,  and  the  son  of 
an  innkeeper  at  Romford.  She  told  them 
all  they  must  first  obtain  the  consent  of 
her  poor  blind  father,  the  beggar  of 
Bethnal  Green,  and  all  slunk  off  except 
the  knight,  who  went  and  asked  leave  to 
marrv  "  the  prettv  Bessee.''  The  beggar 
gave' her  for  a  ""dot,"  £3000,  and  £100 
for  her  trousseau,  and  informed  the 
knight  that  he  (the  beggar)  was  llenrv, 
son  and  heir  of  sir  Simon  de  Montfort, 
and  that  he  had  disguised  himself  as  a 
beggar  to  escape  the  vigilance  of  spies, 
who  were  in  quest  of  all  those  engaged 
on  the  baron's  side  in  the  battle  of 
Evesham. — Percy's  Iieliqucs,  II.  ii.  10. 

The  value  of  money  was  about  twelve 
times  more  than  its  present  purchase 
value,  so  that  the  "  dot "  given  was  equal 
to  £36,000. 

Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green  (The), 
a  drama  by  S.  Knowles  (recast  and  pro- 
duced, 1834).  Bess,  daughter  of  Albert, 
"  the  blind  beggar  of  Bethnal  Green," 
was  intensely  loved  by  Wilford,  who  lint 


BEGGARS  OPERA. 


9] 


BELEKMA. 


■aw  her  in  the  streets  of  London,  and 
subsequently,  after  diligent  search,  dis- 
1  iier  in  the  Qneen'e  Anne  inn  at 
Romford.  It  turned  < > nt  that  her  fathi  r 
Albert    A-as   brother  to   lord  Woodville, 

and  Wilford   was   his   truant    .sen.  M   that 

]!css  was  hu  cousin.  Queen  Elizabeth 
■auctioned  their  nuptials,  and  took  them 
under  her  own  conduct.     (See  Blijtd.) 

Beggar's  Opera  (Th<),  by  Gay 
(17J7).  The  beggar  is  captain  Macheath. 
(For  plot,  see  BIachrath.) 

Beggar's  Petition  {The),  a  poem 
by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Moss,  minister  of 
Brierly  Hill  and  Trentham,  in  Staffbrd- 
shire.  It  was  given  to  Mr.  Smart,  the 
printer,  of  Wolverhampton. — Gentleman's 
ine,  Ixx.  41. 

Beguines  [Beg-tmui],  the  earliest  of 
nil  lav  societies  of  women  united  for 
religious  purposes.  Brabant  says  the 
order  received  its  name  from  St.  1'..  - .  .i, 
daughter  of  Pepin,  who  founded  it  at 
Namur,  in  696  ;  but  it  is  more  likely  to 
be   derived  from  I        ■  "the    Stam- 

merer"^ ;  and  if  so,  it  was  founded  at 
Liege,  in  1180. 

Beh'ram,  captain  cf  the  ship  which 
was  to  convey  prince  Assad  to  the 
"  mountain  of  lire,"  where  he  was  to  be 
offered  up  in  sacrifice.    The  ship  being 

driven  on  the  shores  of  queen  Bfargia'na's 
kingdom,    Assad    he. '.-mie    her   slave,    hut 

was  recaptured   by  Behram's  crew,  and 

carried  hack  to  the  ship.  The  queen 
lii-\f  day  gave  the  ship  chase.  Assad 
was  thrown  overboard,  and  swam  to  the 
city  whence  he  started.  l'ehram  also 
was  drifted  to  the  same  place.  1 1,  re  the 
captain  fell  in  with  the  prince,  and  re- 
conducted him  to  the  original  dui 
i  -ia,   a  daughter  of    the    old    Bre- 

worshipper,    takm_'    pity   on    the    prince, 

■  1    him  ;     and,    at    the    end,    Assad 

married  queen  Hargiana,  Bostana  married 
prince  Amgiad  (half-brother  "i    \ 
and    Behram,   renouncing    his    religion, 
became  a  muasulman,  and   entered   the 

service  of  Amgiad,  who  became  kin;;  of 
the  city. — .1  ts  ("  Amgiad  and 

■  ")• 

Bola'iius,  a  nobleman  an  1  soldi)  r  in 

the   army   of   ( 'ym  'I  feline    (8      ,/.)  k  in_T   of 

Britain.     Two  villains  bavins  sworn  to 

the  king  that  he  mi  "confederate  with 

mans,"  he  was  banished,  and  for 

twenty  years  lived  in  a  cave;  hut  he 
Mole   away    the    two  in!  of    the 

kin^  out  of  revenue.    Their  namM 


Giride'rius  and  Arvir'ag  t  thea* 

two   j  manhcod,  a 

battle    was    foughl  R    maim 

anil    Britons,    m   which   Cymbeline  was 
made  prisoner;   but  Belanus  coming  to 

the    king    n 
the    Roman    general    in    turn    wh- 
captive.     Belariui  led  t-j 

Cymrx  presenting  to  him   the 

two  young  men,  told  their  story  ;  where- 
upon they  wore   publicly  acknoti 

to  he  the  sons  of   lymheline  and 
of    the    realm. — Shakt 
(1605). 

Belch  (-S&-    Tcby),   uncle    of    Olivia 
the    rich   countess   of    Illyria.      B( 
reckless  roisterer  of   the  old  school,  and 
a  friend  of  sir  Andrew   Ague-cheek. — 
Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

Belcour,  a  foundling  adopted 
Belcour,  a  rich  Jamaica  merchant 

at  death  left  him  all  his  property,  lie 
was  in  truth  the  s..n  ,.|  Mr.  Stockwell, 
the  clerk  of  Belcour,  senior,  who  clan- 
destinely married  his  master  - 
and  afterwards  became  a  wealthy  mer- 
chant. On  the  death  of  old  Belcour,  the 
young  man  came  to  England 
of  iiis  unknown  father,  fell  in  love  with 
Mi-~  Dudley,  ami  married  her.  lie  mi 
hot-blooded,  impulsive,  high-apirifa 

us,    his    very    faults    Serving 

foil  to  his  noble  qualities  ;  ever  emng  and 
repenting,  offending  and  atoning  for  his 
Cumberland,  i 

(1-1). 

BeTed,  one  of  the  six   V. 

i-t,   had   by  the  guiding  - 

lie  was  a   kin.:.  ■    to  his 

enemy  who  sought  to  dethrone  him  half 
of  Ins  kingdom,  and  thus   turned 

into  a  fast    friend.  —  KJopdtOCk,    I 
\ .  ( 17-17). 

Belen,    the    mont     St.     Michael,     in 
Normandy.      Here    nine    drui  ■   1 

to  sell  arrows  to  Bailors  "  to  charm  away 

storms."     These    arrows    had    to    ! 

charged  by  a  young  man  26  \ears  old. 
Bolerma,  the  lady  whom  Durandart6 

ser\  ed  tor  Ml  I  n  )  lightH  rr.i:i L 

and    peer   oi  W  hen,   at    li 

cousm  Monteai'nos  to  canrj  his  i  • 
ma. 

i  <-•>»  ,  ' 

II    nu.w    * 

•  i  of  Uif  txlirn  ; 

i  rrnulUoo  I 


BELESES. 


92 


BELINDA. 


teeth  were  thin-set  and  irregular,  though  nry  white; 
ku<l  she  carried  in  her  band  a  fine  linen  cloth,  containing 
*  heart.  Montesinos  informed  me  that  this  lady  waa 
Belerma. — Cervantes,  Don  <iuixote.  II.  ii.  6  11615). 

Bele'ses  (3  syl.),  a  Chaldaean  sooth- 
Bayer  and  Assyrian  satrap,  who  told 
Arba'ces  (3  syl.)  governor  of  Me'dia,  that 
he  would  one  day  sit  on  the  throne  of 
Nineveh  and  Assyria.  His  prophecy 
came  true,  and  Belcses  was  rewarded 
with  the  government  of  Babylon. — Byron, 
Sardanapalus  (1819). 

Belfab  orac,  the  palace  of  the  em- 
peror of  Lilliput,  in  the  middle  of 
Mildendo,  the  metropolis  of  the  empire. — 
Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  (•' Voyage  to 
Lilliput,"  1726). 

Bel'field  (Brothers).  The  elder 
brother  is  a  squire  in  Cornwall,  betrothed 
to  Sophia  (daughter  of  sir  Benjamin 
I>ove),  who  loves  his  younger  brother 
Bob.  The  younger  brother  is  driven 
to  sea  by  the  cruelty  of  the  squire,  but  on 
his  return  renews  his  acquaintance  with 
Sophia.  He  is  informed  of  her  unwilling 
betrothal  to  the  elder  brother,  who  is 
alreadv  married  to  Violetta,  but  parted 
from  her.  Violetta  returns  home  in  the 
same  ship  as  Bob  Belfield,  become8 
reconciled  to  her  husband,  and  the 
younger  brother  marries  Sophia. — Rich. 
Cumberland,  The  Brothers  (176'J). 

Bel'ford,  a  friend  of  Lovelace  (2  syl.). 
They  made  a  covenant  to  pardon  every 
sort  of  liberty  which  they  tuck,  with  each 
other. — Richardson,  Clarissa  JJarloue 
(1749). 

Belford  (Major),  the  friend  of  colonel 
Tamper,  and  the  plighted  husband  of 
Mdlle.  Florival. — G.  Column,  sen.,  The 
Deuce  is  in  J  Hi  u  (1702). 

Beige  (2  syl.),  the  mother  of  seventeen 
eons.  She  applied  to  queen  Mereilla  for 
aid  against  Geryon'eo,  who  had  deprived 
her  of  all  her  offspring  except  rive. — 
Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  v.  10  (15SKJ). 

%*  "  Beige  "  is  Holland  ;  the  "  seven- 
teen sons"  are  the  seventeen  provinces 
which  once  belonged  to  her  ;  "  Geryoneo  " 
is  Philip  II.  rjf  Spain  ;  and  "  Mercilla  "  is 
queen  Elizabeth. 

Belgrade'  (2  syl.),  the  camp-suttler  ; 
so  called  because  she  commenced  her 
career  at  the  siege  of  Belgrade.  Her 
dog's  name  was  Clumsey. 

Be'lial,  last  or  lowest  in  the  hierarchy 
of  hell.  (See  Rimmon.)  Moloch  was  the 
fiercest  of  the  infernal  spirits,  and  Belial 
the   most   timorous    and    slothful.     The 


lewd  and  profligate,  disobedient  and 
rebellious,  are  called  in  Scripture  "  sonB  of 
Belial." 

Belial  came  last,  than  whom  a  spirit  more  lewd 
Fell  not  from  heaven,  or  more  gross  to  i^ve 
Vice  for  itself  (i.  -ISO,  etc.)  .  .  .  though  his  tongue 
Dropt  manna,  and  could  make  the  worse  appear 
The  better  reason  .  .  .  but  to  nobler  deeds 
Timorous  and  slothfuL 

Milton,  Paradiu  Lost.  ii.  112  (1888). 

%*  Belial  means  "  the  lawless  one," 
that  is,  one  who  puts  no  restraint  on  hit 
evil  propensities. 

Belia'nis  of  Greece  (Don),  th« 
hero  (if  an  old  romance  of  chivalry  on  the 
model  of  A  in' adis  de  <lanl.  It  was  one  of 
the  books  in  don  Quixote's  library,  but 
was  not  bne  of  those  burnt  by  the  cure'  as 
pernicious  and  worthless. 

"  Don  I!elianls,"snid  the  cure,  "with  Its  two.  three,  and 
fmir  parts,  hath  need  of  a  dose  of  rhulMrb  to  purge  off 
that  mass  of  hile  with  which  he  is  inflamed.  II i>  QMtta 
of  Fame  and  oUier  impertinences  should  be  totally 
obliterated.  This  done,  we  would  show  him  lenit)  in 
proportion  as  we  found  him  capable  of  reform.  Take 
don  Belianis  home  with  you.  and  keep  him  in  close 
confinement."— Cervantes,  liun  i{uixute,  L  i.  6  (ltk>5). 

(An  English  abridgment  of  this  ro- 
mance was  published  in  1073.) 

Belinda,  niece  and  companion  of 
lady  John  Brute.  Young,  pretty,  full  of 
fun,  and  possessed  of  £10,000.  Heart- 
free  marries  her. — Vanbrugh,  The  Pro- 
voked Wife  (1697). 

Belin'da,  the  heroine  of  Pope's  Rape  of 
the  Lock.  This  mock  heroic  is  founded 
on  the  following  incident : — Lord  Petra 
cut  a  lock  of  hair  from  the  head  of  Misfl 
Arabella  l-'ermor,  and  the  young  lady 
resented  the  liberty  as  an  unpardonable 
affront.  The  poet  says  Belinda  wore  on 
her  neck  two  curls,  one  of  which  the 
baron  cut  off  with  a  pair  of  scissors 
borrowed  of  Clarissa,  and  when  Belinda 
angrily  demanded  that  it  should  be 
delivered  dp,  it  had  tlown  to  the  skies  and 
become  a  meteor  there.     (See  Bkukmci.) 

Belinda,  daughter  of  Mr.  Blandford, 
in  love  with  Beverley  the  brother  of 
Clarissa.  Her  father  promised  sir 
William  Bellmont  that  she  should  marry 
his  son  George,  but  George  was  already 
engaged  to  Clarissa.  Belinda  was  very 
handsome,  very  independent,  most  irre- 
proachable, and  devotedly  attached  to 
Beverley.  When  he  hinted  suspicions  cf 
infidelity,  she  wa3  too  proud  to  deny 
their  truth,  but  her  pure  and  ardent  love 
instantly  rebuked  her  for  giving  her  lover 
causeless  pain. — A.  Murphv,  All  in  the 
Wrong  (1701). 


BELINDA. 


93 


BELL-T1  IE-CAT. 


/•'•  hi'dtt,  the  heroine  of  Miss  Edge- 
WOlth'a  novel  of  the  same  name.  The 
abject  of  the  tale  is  to  make  the  reader 
/    .'  what  is  good,  and  pursue  it  (1 

J^'in'iii,  a  lodging-hoaM  servant-girl, 
very  poor,  very  dirty,  very  kind-hearted, 

and  shrewd  in  observation,  she  married, 
and  Mr.  liiddlewiek  the  hutter-man  set 
her  husband  up  in  business  in  the  hutter 
line. — H.  J.  Byron,  Our  Buys  (1875). 

Beline  (2  syl.),  second  wife  of  Argan 
the  nutlade  imajinairc,  and  step-mother 
of  Angelique  whom  she  hates.  Beline 
pn  tends      tc      hue    Argan    devotedly, 

humours,  him  in  all  hi*  whims,  calls  him 
"  mon  fils,"  and  makes  him  helieve  that 
if  he  were  to  die  it  would  he  the  (hath  of 
her.  Toinette  induces  Argan  to  put  these 
specious  protestations  to  the  test  by  pre- 
tending to  be  dead.  He  does  so,  and 
when  lleline  enters  the  room,  instead  of 
deploring  her  loss,  she  cries  in  ecstasy  : 

"  le  del  en  Hit  loucl  Mo  TOltt  ilclivrco  dim  imn.lo 
hrdaaul  .  .  .  da  quoi  aarralt-ll  >ur  Is  terra!  Dnhomma 
tneommode  i  tout  ta  monrta,  malpropre,  dcgottuuit  .  .  . 

i ii  hanL.    touwant,   enchant    toujouni    mnt    esprit, 

onnmiMix,  da  matmUae  oumaur, 

gins,  el  gronduiit  jouret  null  Nnaatai  at  valuta  "  llii.  18). 

She  then  proceeds  to  ransack  the  room 
for  bonds,  leases,  and  money  ;  but  Argan 
starts  up  and  tells  her  she  lias  taught  him 
one  useful  lesson  for  life  at  any  rate. — 
Moliere,  La  Alalade  Imaginaire  (1673). 

Belisa'rius,  the  greatest  of  Justi- 
nian's generals.    Being  accused  of  treason, 

he  was  deprived  of  all  his  property,  and 
his  eyes  were  put  out.  In  this  state  he 
retired  to  Constantinople,  where  he  lived 
by  begging.  The  story  says  he  fastened 
a  laliel  to  his  hat,  containing  these  words, 

•  an  oljolus  to  jxxir  old   Jirll.sarius." 
Marmontel     has     written     a    tale     called 

Belisavre,  which  has  helped  to  perpetuate 

failles,  originally  invented  by 
T/et/rs  or  Cesios,  a  (ircck  poet,  born  at 
Constantinople  in  1120. 

Belise  (-  ■«'//.).  sister  of  Philnminte 
(3  si//.),  and,  like  her,  a  hum,,-  taocuUe, 
She  imagines  that  every  one  is  in  love 
with  her. — Moli,  re,  Lea  Femmet  Savantet 
(167J). 

Bell  (Adam),  a  wild,  north-country 
outlaw,  noted,  like  Robin  Hood,  for  his 
skill  in  archery.     His  pla f  residence 

wan  Bnglewood  Forest,  mar  Carlisle  ;  and 

his    two    comrades    wen    Qyra   • 

i    [Clement  -    and    Wil- 

liam   of    <  ftoude  i  .  .       \\  illiam 

was  married,  but  the  other  two  w<  re  not. 

When    William    »;b   Captured    at    I 


and  was  led  to  execution,  Adam  and 
Clym  rescued  him,  and  all  three  went  to 
London  to  crave  pardon  of   the    kin:,', 

which,   at  the   queen's  I,    was 

granted  them.     They  then   showed  the 
kin^  specimens  of  their  skill  in  an 
and  the  km_-  i  pleased  that  in; 

made  William  a  "  gentleman   of    fe,"  and 
the  two  others  yeomen  of  tin-   bed-cham- 
ber.— I'crev,    Reliquet     ("  Adam 
etc.),  I.  ii.  1. 

Bell  (Bessy).  Bessy  Bell  and  Mary 
Gray  were  the  daughters  of  two  country 
gentlemen  near  l'erth.  When  the  plague 
broke  out  in  1666  they  built  for  them- 
selves a  bower  in  a  very  romantic  8p«t 
called  Burn  Braes,  to  which  they  retired, 

and   were   supplied    with    food,  etc.,  by   a 
young  man  who  was  in  love  with  both  of 
them.     The  young  man  caught  the  plague, 
communicated  it  to  the  two  young 
and  all  three  died.  —  Allan  Kani-a;  , 

] nil  awl  Mary  Gray  (a  ballad). 

I'o'll.  Anne,  Charlotte,  and  Emily 
Bronte  assumed  the   n 

Acton,  Currer,  and  Ellis  Hell  (first  hall 
of  the  nineteenth  century).    Cnrr. 

or  Bronte  married  the  Rev.  Arthur  Hell 
Nicholls.  She  was  the  author  of  Jane 
Eyre. 

It    will    be    observed   that   the    initial 
f  both  nanus  is  in  every  CSJ 
served  throughout — Aden  (Anne),  ' 

(Charlotte),    Kills    (Emily),    and 
(Bronl 

Bell  (Peter),  the  subject  of  a  "tab'  in 
Terse"  by  Wordsworth.      Shelley  wrote  a 

buries, pic  upon  it,  entitled  Peter  Bell  the 

Third. 

Bell  Battle  (77.,).    The  t 

was     this  ■      Have    the     lo,-al  s 

power  to  allow  parish  bells  to  be  rune  at 

their  discretion,  or  is   l 

the    parish    clergyman?      This    squabble 

was  carried  on  with  greet  animosity  in 

the    parish    of    Paisley    in     1832.      The 

clergyman,  John  Macnaughton,  brought 

the    question   before  the    heal    council, 

which    gave   it  in   favour  o!    • 

bates  ;  bat  the  court  oi 

the  other  way, find  when  the  magi 

granted  a  permit  fox  the  belli 

the  court  issued  an  interdict  against  them. 

POT  liixirlr  1«  •  >  l«-II  bauk  »  . 

Willi  Ihr  ' 

X«>  14. 

Boll-tho-Cut,  aohri  pi.  i  of  ArchilMild 


BELLS. 


M 


BELLE'S  STRATAGEM. 


Douglas,  great-carl  of  Angus,  who  died 
in  1614. 

The  mice,  hclne  much  annoyed  liy  the  persecutions  of  a 

cat.  reaolrad  iii.tt  ■  i»-il  should  be  bang  about  her t  to 

Kive  notice  "f  lur  approach.     Tin:  aeure  nu  nitreed  to 

In  full  council,  hut  one  of  the  Blgef  mice  Inquired  "Who 
would  undertake  to  beO  the  cat!"  When  Lauder  told 
this  Sable  to  a  council  of  Scotch  nobles,  met  to  declaim 
analmt  ono  Cochran.  Archihald  ItoiiKlas  started  up.  and 
exclaimed  in  thunder  "  I  will ;  "  and  hence  the  .«d.rii|uet 
referred  to  —Sir  W.  Scott,  Talut  of  a  VrunJJatUer, 
sxii. 

Bells  (Those  Evening),  a  poem  by  T. 
Moore,  set  to  music,  refer  to  the  bells  of 
Ashbourne  parish  church,  Derbyshire. — 
National  Airs,  1. 

Bells  ( To  shake  one's),  to  defy,  to  re- 
sist, to  set  up  "tic's  back.  The  allusion  is 
to  the  little  bells  tied  to  the  feet  of  hawks. 
Immediately  the  hawks  were  tossed,  they 
wen  alarmed  at  the  sound  of  the  bells, 
and  took  to  Might. 

Neither  the  king,  nor  he  that  lores  him  beat  .  .  . 
Dare  stir  a  WUUJ  if  Warwick  ibake  his  hells. 

Shakesiic-trc,  :i  Henry  17.  act  i.  MS.  1  (IBM). 

Belli.  Seven  bells  (i.e.  half-past  7), 
breakfast-time;  eight  bells  (i.e.  noon), 
dinner-time  ;  three  bells  (i.e.  half-past  6), 
supper-time. 

Eight  bells  (the  highest  number)  arc 
rang   at   mum   and   every    fourth    boor 

afterwards.  Thus  they  are  Bounded  at 
12,  •!.  and  8  o'clock.  For  all  other  parts 
of    the  day  an   Even  number  of    bells 

announce  the  hours,  ami  an  Odd  Dumber 
the  half-hours.  Thus  121  is  1  bell,  1 
o'clock  is  2  bells,  U  is  8  bells,  2  o'clock 
is  A  bells,  2}  is  5  bells,  ;i  o'clock  is  (*• 
bells,  J1,  is  7  bells.  Again,  41  is  1  bell, 
6  o'clock  is  2  bells,  5i  is  3  bells,  G  o'clock 
is  4  bells,  6\  is  5  bells,  7  o'clock  is  G 
bells,  7h  is  7  "bells.  Again,  8)  is  1  bell, 
!)  o'clock  is  2  bells,  <H  is  3  bells,  10  o'clock 
is  4  bells,  10]  is  "i  bells,  11  o'clock  is  6 
bells,  11\  is  7  bells.  Or,  1  bell  sounds  at 
12J,  4±,  8fc;  2  bells  sound  at  1,  .r>,  9; 
3  bells  sound  at  1,,  6),  '.''.  ;  t  bells  sound 
at  2,  G,  10;  5  bells  sound  at  21,  6J,  10*  ; 
6  bells  sound  at  3,  7,  11  ;  7  bells  sound 
at  3V,  7J  llj;  8  bells  sound  at  4,  »,  12 
o'clock. 

Bells  tolled  Backwards.  This 
was  the  tocsin  of  the  French,  tirst  used 
as  an  alarm  of  fire,  and  subsequently  for 
anv  uprising  of  the  people.  In  the  reign 
of  "Charles  IX.  it  was  the  signal  given  by 
the  court  for  the  Bartholomew  slaughter. 
In  the  French  Revolution  it  was  the  call 
to  the  people  for  some  united  attack 
against  the  royalists. 

Old  French*  toquer,  "to  strike,"  seing 
or  sing,  "  a  church  bell." 


Bella  "Wilfer,  a  lovely,  wilful,  lively, 
spoilt  darling,  who  loved  every  one,  and 
whom  every  one  loved.  She  married 
John  Kokcsmith  (i.e.  John  Harmon). — C. 
Dickens,  Our  Mutiuil  Friend  (18(34). 

Bellamy,  a  steady  young  man,  look- 
ing out  for  a  wife  "capable  of  friendship, 
love,  and  tenderness,  with  good  sense 
enough  to  be  easy,  and  good  nature- 
enough  to  like  him."  He  found  his  beau- 
ideal  in  .lacintha,  who  had  besides  a 
fortune  of  £30,000.— Dr.  Hoadly,  The 
Suspicious  Iludhfiui  (17G1). 

Bella'rio,  the  assumed  name  of 
Euphrasia,  when  she  put  on  boy's  ap- 
parel that  she  might  cuter  the  survice  of 

prince  Philaster,  whom  she  greatly  loved. 
— Beau nt  and   Fletcher,  Philaster   or 

Love  J.ies  a-bleedtwj  (1622). 

Bel'laston  (Lady),  a  profligate,  from 

whom  Tom  .'ones  accepts  support.  Her 
conduct  and  conversation  may  be  con- 
sidered a  fair  photograph  of  the  "  beau- 
ties" of  the COUll  Of  Louis  XV.  — Fielding, 
History  of  Tom  -tones,  a  Foundling 

The  character  of  Jones,  atbgn  Im  I  model  Of  generosity, 
openness  and  manly  spirit,  mingled,  erlth  thougl 
Mputioii.  U  unnecessarily  degraded  hy  the   nature  of  hu 
ITM    with    lady    licUa^tun.  —  i. ncyc.    lint.    Ait 
••  Fielding. " 

Belle  Cordiere  (La),  Louise  Labe, 
who  married  Ennemond  Perrin,  a  wealthy 
rope-maker  (1626-1566). 

Belle  Corisande  (La),  Diane  com- 
teSM  de  (juiche  et  de  Orammont  (161  I- 
1620). 

Belle  France  (La),  a  pet  way  of 
alluding  to  France,  similar  to  our  Merry 
England, 

Belle  the  Giant.  It  is  said  that 
the  giant  Belle  ununited  on  his  sotTel 
bone  at  a  place  since  called  mount 
Sorrel.     He  leap*  d  and  the  spot 

on  which  he  lighted  was  called  Wanlip 
(ono  leap)  ;  thence  he  leaped  a  second 
mile,  but  in  so  doing  "burst  all"  his 
girths,  whence  the  Bpot  was  called  I'.urst- 
all  ;  in  the  third  leap  he  was  killed,  and 
the  spot  received  the  name  of  Lclle- 
gravc. 

Belle's    Stratagem    [The).      Tb* 

"belle"  is  Leiiiia  Hardy,  and  her 
stratagem  was  for  the  sake  of  winning 
the  love  of  Doricourt,  to  whom  she  had 
been  betrothed.  The  very  fact  of  being 
betrothed  to  Lutitia  sets  Doricourt.  against 
her,  so  she  goes  unknown  to  him  to  a 
masquerade,  where  Doricourt  falls  in  love 


BELLEFONTAINE. 


96 


BELLICENT. 


with  "the  beautiful  stranger."  In  order 
to  consummate  the  marriage  of  his 
daughter,  Mr.  Hardy  pretends  to  he  "sick 
utito  death,"  and  beseeches  Doricourt  to 
wed  Letitia  before  he  dies.  Lctitia 
meets  her  betrothed  in  her  masquerade 
dress,  and  unbounded  was  the  joy  of  the 
young  man  to  find  that  "the  beautiful 
stranger"  is  the  lady  to  whom  he  has 
been  betrothed. — Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Belle's 
Stratagem  (1780). 

'  Bellefontaine  (Benedict),  the  wealthy 
fanner  of  Grand  Pre'  [Nova  Scotia]  and 
father  of  Evangeline.  When  the  inhabit- 
ants of  hi3  village  were  driven  into  exile, 
Benedict  died  of  a  broken  heart  as  he 
was  about  to  embark,  and  was  buried 
on  the  sea-shore. — Longfellow,  Evangeline 
(1848). 

Bel'lenden  (Lady  Margaret),  an  old 
Tory  lady,  mistress  of  the  Tower  of  Til- 
lietudlem. 

Old  major  Miles  Bellcndcn,  brother  of 
lady  Margaret. 
Miss  Edith    Bellcndcn,    granddaughter 

of  lady  Margaret,  betrothed  to  lord 
Eveudale,  of  the  king's  army,  but  in  love 
with  Morton  (a  leader  of  the  covenanters, 
and  the  hero  of  the  novel).  After  the 
death  of  lord  Evendale,  who  is  shot  by 
Balfour,  Edith  marries  Morton,  and  this 
terminates  the  tale. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Beller'ophon,  son  of  Glaucos.  A 
kind  of  Joseph,  who  refused  the  amorous 
solicitations  of  Antea,  wife  of  Fnetos  (2 
a.'//.)  king  of  Argos.  Antea  accused  him 
of  attempting  to  dishonour  her,  and 
Proetos  sent  him  into  Lycia  with  letters 
desiring  his  destruction.  Accordingly, 
he  was  set  several  enterprises  full  of 
hazard,  which,  however,  he  surmounted. 
In  later  life  he  tried  to  mount  up  to 
heaven  on  the  winged  horse  Pegasus,  but 
fell,  and  wandered  about  the  Alei'an 
plains  till  he  died. — Homer,  Iliad,  vi. 

As  once 
Mlerophon  .  .  .  cllsniount.-il  in  the  AleUUl  field  .  .  . 

Erroneous  there  to  wander  ami  forlorn. 

UHion,  I'nnulUe.  Lo4t,  vil.  17,  etc.  (1665). 

Letters  of  Bellerophon,  a  treacherous 
letter,  pretending  to  recommend  the 
bearer  but  in  reality  denouncing  him, 
liki  the  letter  sent  by  Proetos  to  the  K i n l_t 
of  Lycia,  requesting  him  to  kill  the 
bearer  (Bellerophon). 

l'.w  sa'nias  the  Spartan,  in  his  treason- 
able correspondence  with  Xerxes,  sent 
acver;il  sueh  letters.  At.  last  the  bearer  be- 
tfaoughl  thai  none  of  tin'  persons  sent  ever 

returned,  and  opening  the   biter  found  it 


contained  directions  for  his  own  death. 
It  was  shown  to  the  ephors,  and  Pausanias 
in  alarm  (led  to  a  temple,  where  he  was 
starved  to  death. 

Dk  Lacy,  being  sent  by  king  John 
against  De  Courcy,  was  informed  by  two 
of  the  sen-ants  that  their  master  always 
laid  aside  his  armour  on  Good  Friday. 
De  Lacy  made  his  attack  on  that  day, 
and  sent  De  Courcy  prisoner  to  London. 
The  two  servants  now  asked  De  l„acy  for 
passports  from  Ireland  and  England,  and 
De  Lacy  gave  them  Letters  of  Bellerophon, 
exhorting  "all  to  whom  these  presents 
come  to  spit  on  the  faces  of  the  bearers, 
drive  them  forth  as  hounds,  and  use  them 
as  it  behoved  the  betrayers  of  their  ma-: era 
to  be  treated." — Cameos  of  English  His- 
tory ("  Conquest  of  Ireland  "). 

Beller'ophon  (4  syl.),  the  English  man- 
of-war  under  the  command  of  captain 
Maitland.  After  the  battle  of  Water- 
loo Bonaparte  set  out  for  Rocheford,  in- 
tending  to   seek    refuge   in    America,    but 

the  Bellerophon  being  in  sight  and 
impossible,  he  made  a  virtue  of  necessity 

by  surrendering  himself,  and  was  forth- 
with conveyed  to  England. 

Belle'rus,  a  Cornish  giant,  whence 
the  Land's  End  is  called  Bellerium. 
Milton  in  his  LycTdas  suggests  the  pos- 
sibility that  Edward  King,  who  was 
drowned  at  sea,  might  be  sleeping  near 
Bellerium  or  the  band's  End,  on  mount 
St.  Michael,  the  spot  where  the  archangel 
appeared,  and  ordered  a  church  to  be 
built  there. 

Bleepel  [tAou]  by  the  fahle  of  BeMrua  old. 
When  tiii-  great  rlston  of  the  pi  irded  mount 
Look*  towaidi  Namancoi 

Milton.  Lyci.Lu,  10Q,  etc.  (1638). 

Belleur',  companion  of  Pinac  and 
Mirabel  ("the  WUd  goose"),  of  stout 
blunt  temper  ;  in  love  with  Kosalu'ra, 
a  daughter  of  rTantolet. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Wild  Ooose  Cham  (1662). 

Bellicent,  daughter  of  Gorlola  lord  ot 
Tintag'il  and  his  wife  Ygerne  or  Igerna. 
As  the  widow  married  Uthei  thependragon, 

and  was  then  the  mother  oi  king  Arthur,  it 

follows  that  Bellicent  was  balf-sioter  of 
Arthur.  Tennyson  in  Oarethand  1 
says  that  Bellicent  was  the  wife  of  Lot 
kmg  of  Orkney,  and  mother  of  Gaw'aia 
and  Mordred,  but  this  is  not  in  accordance 
either  with  the  chronicle  or  the  history  for 
Geoffrey  in  his  Chronicle  says  thai  Lot's 
wife  was  Anne,  the  sister  (not  half- 
sister)  of  Arthur  (riii.   -'",    21),   aud  sii 


BELLI  N. 


96 


BELPHCEBE. 


V     Malory,    in    his  History    of   Prince 
Arthur,  says  : 

King  Lot  of  Lothan  and  Orkney  wedded  Margawse ; 
lentres,  of  the  land  of  Carlot.  wedded  Elain  ;  and  that 
iorgan  le  Fay  was  [Arthur's]  third  sister.— PL  i.  2,  35,  36. 

BeHin,  the  ram,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  Fox.  The  word  means 
"gentleness"  (1498). 

Bellingham,  a  man  about  town. — 
D.  Boucicault,  After  Dark. 

1  was  engaged  for  two  years  at  St  James's  Theatre, 
ictiug  "Charles  Surface"  eighty  nights.  "  Bellingham" 
•  couple  of  hundred  nights,  and  hail  two  si*cial  engage- 
nentt  for  "  Mercutio"  at  the  Lyceum.— Walter  Lacy. 

Bel'lisant,  sister  of  king  Pepin  of 
France,  and  wife  of  Alexander  emperor 
of  Constantinople.  Being  accused  of 
infidelity,  the  emperor  banished  her,  and 
she  took  refuge  in  a  vast  forest,  where 
she  became  the  mother  of  Valentine  and 
Orson. —  Valentine  and  Orson. 

Bellmont  (Sir  William),  father  of 
George  Bellmont  ;  tyrannical,  positive, 
and  headstrong.  He  imagines  it  is  the 
duty  of  a  son  to  submit  to  his  father's  will, 
even  in  the  matter  of  matrimony. 

George  Bellmont,  son  of  sir  William,  in 
love  with  Clarissa,  his  friend  Beverley's 
sister;  but  his  father  demands  of  him  to 
marry  Belinda  Blandford,  the  troth-plight 
wife  of  Beverley.  Ultimately  all  comes 
right.— A.  Murphy,  All  in  the  Wrong 
(1761). 

Bello'na's  Handmaids,  Blood, 
Fire,  and  Famine. 

The  goddesse  of  warre.  called  Bellona,  had  these  thre 
handmaids  ever  attendynge  on  her:  Blood.  Fire,  and 
Famine,  which  thre  damosels  lie  of  that  force  and 
strength  that  every  one  of  them  alone  Is  aide  and  sufflcleut 
to  torment  and  afflict  a  proud  prince ;  and  they  all  joyned 
together  are  of  puissance  to  destroy  the  most  populous 
round}  and  most  richest  region  of  the  world.  —  llaU, 
'•hronicle  (1530). 

Bellum  (Master),  war. 

A  difference  [is]  'twi*t  broyles  and  bloudle  warres, — 
Yet  have  I  shot  at  Maister  Bellum's  butte. 
And  thrown  his  ball,  although  I  toucbt  no  tutte  [benefit}. 
G.  Gascoigue,  The  Fruilet  0/  Warre.  !M  Idled  1577). 

Belmont  (Sir  Robert),  a  proud,  testy, 
mercenary  country  gentleman  ;  friend  of 
his  neighbour  sir  Charles  Raymond. 

Charles  Belmont,  son  of  sir  Robert,  a 
young  rake.  He  rescued  Fidelia,  at  the 
age  of  12.  from  the  hands  of  Villard, 
a  villain  who  wanted  to  abuse  her,  and 
taking  her  to  his  own  home  fell  in  love 
with  her,  and  in  due  time  married  her. 
She  turns  out  to  be  the  daughter  of  sir 
Charles  Raymond. 

Rosctta  Belmont,  daughter  of  sir 
Ilobert,  high-spirited,  witty,  and  affec- 
tionate.     She   is   in    love   with    colonel 


Raymond,  whom  she  delights  in  torment- 
ing.— Ed.  Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Belmont  (Andretr),  the  elder  of  two 
brothers,  who  married  Violetta  (an  English 
lady  bom  in  Lisbon),  and  deserted  her. 
He  then  promised  marriage  to  Lucy 
Waters,  the  daughter  of  one  of  bis 
tenants,  but  had  no  intention  of  making 
her  his  wife.  At  the  same  time,  he  en- 
gaged himself  to  Sophia,  the  daughter  of 
sir  Benjamin  Dove.  The  day  of  the 
wedding  arrived,  and  it  was  then  dis- 
covered that  he  was  married  already,  and 
that  Violetta  his  wife  was  actually 
present. 

Robert  Belmont,  the  younger  of  the 
two  brothers,  in  lore  with  Sophia  Dove. 
He  went  to  sea  in  a  privateer  under 
captain  Ironside,  his  uncle,  and  changed 
his  name  to  Lewson.  The  vessel  wa3 
wrecked  on  the  Cornwall  coast,  and  he 
renewed  his  acquaintance  with  Sophia, 
but  heard  that  she  was  engaged  in  mar- 
riage to  his  brother.  As,  however,  it  was 
proved  that  his  brother  was  already 
married,  the  young  lady  willingly  aban- 
doned the  elder  for  the  younger  brother. 
— R.  Cumberland,  The  Brothers  (1769). 

Belmour  (Edward),  a  gay  young 
man  about  town. — Congrcve,  The  Old 
Bachelor  (1693). 

Belmour  (Mrs.),  a  widow  of  "agreeable 
vivacity,  entertaining  manners,  quickness 
of  transition  from  one  thing  to  another,  a 
feeling  heart,  and  a  generosity  of  senti- 
ment." She  it  is  who  shows  Mrs.  Love- 
more  the  way  to  keep  her  husband  at 
home,  and  to  make  him  treat  her  with 
that  deference  which  is  her  just  due. — 
A.  Murphv,  The  Waij  to  Keep  Him 
(1760). 

Beloved  Disciple  (The),  St.  John 
"  the  divine,"  and  writer  of  the  fourth 
Gospel. — John  xiii.  23,  etc. 

Beloved  Physician  (The),  St. 
Luke  the  evangelist. — Col.  iv.  14. 

Bel'phegor,  a  Moabitish  deity,  wnose 
orgies  were  celebrated  on  mount  Phcgor, 
and  were  noted  for  their  obscenity. 

Belphcerbe  (3  syl.).  "  AH  the  Graces 
rocked  her  cradle  when  she  was  born." 
Her  mother  was  Chrysog'one  (4  syl.), 
daughter  of  Amphisa  of  fairy  lineage, 
and  her  twin-sister  was  Amoretta,  While 
the  mother  and  her  babes  ware  asleep, 
Diana  took  one  (Belphoebe)  to  bring  up, 
and  Venus  took  the  other. 

%*  Belphoebe  is  the  "  Diana"  among 


BELTED  WILL. 


97 


BEN HOW. 


women,  cold,  passionless,  correct,  and 
strong-minded.  Amoret  is  the  "  Venus," 
hut  without  the  licentiousness  of  that 
goddess,    worm,    Loving,    motherly,    and 

wifely.     Belphoebe'  was  a  lily;  A ret  a 

rose.  BelphosoG  a  moonbeam,  Lighl  with- 
out heat  ;  Amoret  a  sunbeam,  bright  and 
warm  and  life-giving.  Belphocbe  would 
go  to  the  battle-field,  and  make  a  most 
admirable  nur.se  or  Lady-conductor  of  an 
ambulance;  hut  Amoret  would  prefer  to 
look  after  her  husband  and  family,  whose 
■omfort  would  be  her  first  care,  and 
wl.o.e  love  she  would  seek  and  Largely 
iscinrocate. — See  Spenser.  Fairy  Queen, 
iii.  iv.  (1690). 

%*  "  BelphoebS"  is  quee  i  Elizabeth. 
As  aueen  she  is  Gloriana,  but  as  woman 
she  is  Belphuube,  the  beautiful  and  chaste. 

Either  Olorlani  lei  tier  choose, 
Or  In  Belphusbf  biblonU  to  he; 
In  one  her  rule,  in  the  atiwt  her  rare  chiutltie. 
Spenser,  t'ttcry  yu.'.  »  (Introduction  to  bk.  ILL). 

Belted  "Will,  lord  William  Howard, 
warden  of  the  western  marches  (1503- 
1640). 

HI*  Blll>oa  blade,  bv  Mnn-hnii-ii  Mt, 
Hunt;  in  ■  brad  and  ituddi  •!  belt ; 
Hence  in  rude  phrai  till 

Called  noble  Howard  "  Belted  Will." 

Sir  W.  Scott. 

Belten'ebros  (4  tyl.).  Am  ad  is  of 
Gaul  assumes  the  name  when  he  retires  to 
the  Poor  Rock,  after  receiving  a  cruel 
letter  from  Oria'na  his  lady-love.  —  Vasco 
de  I^ibeira,  Amadit  dc  Haul,  ii.  6  (before 
1400). 

One  of  the  mont  dlntlnRulshlnn  testimonies  which  thiit 
hero  rave  of  bit  Fortitude,  constancy,  end  lore,  »t-<  nil 
reiimiK  to  the  Pool  1--V.  when  In  disgrace  with  his 
austrea  orlnns.  to  'I"  ptn"<ft  under  toe  name  of  .'••■/• 

tnubrot  or  the  Lactly  Obscure.— Cervantes,  In>n  ijuixolc. 
L  UL  11    . 

Bclvide'ra,  daughter  of  Priuli  a 
senator  of  Venice,  sin-  was  saved  from 
the  tea  by  Jaffier,  eloped  with  him,  and 
married  him.  Her  father  then  discarded 
her,  and  her  husband  joined  the  con- 
spiracy of  Pierre  to  murder  the  senators. 
He  tells  Belvidera  of  the  plot,  and 
Balvidera,  in  order  to  save  her  father,  per- 
■aades  Jaffier  to  reveal  the  plot  to  Priuli, 
if  he  will  promise  a  genera)  free  pardon. 
Priuli  required   promise,    but 

notwithstanding,  all  the  conspiratoi 
eept  Jaffier,  are  condemned  to  (bath  by 
torture.    Jaffier  stabs  Pierre  to  save  him 
from  the  dishonour  of   the  wheel,  and 
♦hen  kills  himself.     Belvidei 
and  dies.     Otway,  1  !■-'>. 

We  h«T«  to  rhrrk  our  l.'«r«.  although  well   aware  that 

Mm 

>n  Inimitable    Mu    Slddulis.  — oir    W. 
Suit,  I"W  AniM. 


(The   actor   Booth    used    to    gjieak    in 

rapture  of  Mrs.  Porter**  "Belvidera."    It 

obtained    for    Mrs.     Larry    the    title    of 

famous;    Miss    O'Neill    and    Hiss    lb '-a 

I   were  both  great   in  the  .-ame  part.) 

Ben  [Lbgkjtd],  sir  B 

younger  son,  a  sailor   and  a   "  sea 
in  whose  composition  tl 

of  the  conventional  generosity  and  open 
frankness  <>f  a   British  tar. 

phrase  is  ,-l  >\  e  -■  e,  '  an  I 
•■  Mi  -- !"-  -W.  I    ngreve, 

I  cannot  agree  with  the  follow- 
ing sketch : — 

■  Ben — the  pleasant  Bailor  which  P.  nnbter  trlree 
us — hut  a  piece  of  satire  ...  * 
all  Uie  accidents  of  a  sailor's  character.  I 
money,    lot   credulity    t"    women,    wiiti 
e>.tr:\ii>C'Mii.'nt     from     DOOM  :    .    -  ink    the 

worse  of  Ben  for  It,  or  feel  it  as  a  stain  upon  his  charac- 
ter. — C.  Lamb. 

C.  Dlbdln  says :  "  ir  the  d<-*r1ptlun  of  Trnm   Dogmrtri 
performance  of  tills  oharactet  bo  correct,  the  i 

ban  perfonned  since  to  any  <f<-gree  ol 

J"  li-  --turn." 

Ben  Israel  {Nathan)  or  Nathan 
ben  Samuel,  the  physician  and  friend 

i 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Ben    Joe'hanan,   in  the  sa- 
il and 
Tate,  is  meant  for  the  Rev.  Samuel  John- 
son, who  ■offered  much  persecution  for 
Fence  of  the  right  Ol  prirate  judg- 
ment. 

Let  Hebron,  naj,  let  hell  pro-lure  a  man 

S>  n  -  ion. 

A  J'-w  of  bin 

II)  Undo  a  Lt-iito,  tliouiih  of  low  .IcKTee. 

Part  It 

Benai'ah  0*  $!/!■),   in   Absalom  md 
AcAitophet,  is  meant  for  general   G 
Edward  Sackville.     A-  I 
of    David's  guard,  adhered   to  Solomon 
against   Adonijah,   so   general    Sa  t 

adhered  to  the  duke  ol    i  I  th# 

prince  of   I  Iran-.'  I  1690 

Baaalab'i  wurtl   I 
Of  steady  soul  when  public  -•  irms  »• 

ai  a 

Bonas'kar     or      Bcnnask.-tr,     * 
wealthy  merchant  i  Delhi, 

— Jain  M 

("History  of  Uahoud,'1  tain  vii..  1. 

Be!!1  ad 

men!  « 

tl     1701,    admin  1 
Benbow  had  his  legs  and  thi| 

iin-sliot,  I- 

in  ;i  « len  frame  he  remained  on  the 

anarter-deck  till  tn<  ming,  when  Dii 
.  off. 

Sin, ilar  acts  of  her<-i.u    ir*-  recorded  orf 


BENBOW. 


98 


BENTICK  STREET. 


Almeyda  the  Portuguese  governor  of 
India,  of  Cynaegiros  brother  of  the  poet 
■/Escbyloa,  of  Jaafer  the  standard-bearer 
of  "the  prophet"  m  the  battle  of  Muta, 
and  of  some  others. 

Benbow,  an  idle,  generous,  free-and- 
easy  sot,  who  spent  a  good  inheritance  in 
dissipation,  and  ended  life  in  the  work- 
house. 

Benbow,  a  boo»  companion,  long  approved 
By  jovi:il  sets,  and  las  he  thought)  beloved, 
Was  judged  as  one  to  jo)-  and  friendship  prone, 
And  deemed  injurious  to  himself  alone. 

Crabbe,  Borough,  xvi.  (1810). 

Ben'demeer',  a  river  that  flows  near 
tne  ruins  of  Chil'minar'  or  Istachar',  in 
the  province  of  Chusistan  in  Persia. 

Bend-the-Bow,  an  English  archer 
at  Dickson's  cottage. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Castle  Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Benedick,  a  wild,  witty,  and  light- 
hearted  young  lord  of  Padua,  who  vowed 
celibacy,  but  fell  in  love  with  Beatrice 
and  married  her.  It  fell  out  thus:  He 
went  on  a  visit  to  Leonato  governor  of 
Messina ;  here  he  sees  Beatrice,  the 
governor's  niece,  as  wild  and  witty  as 
himself,  but  he  dislikes  her,  thinks  her 
pert  and  forward,  and  somewhat  ill-man- 
nered withal.  However,  he  hears  Claudio 
speaking  to  Leonato  about  Beatrice, 
saying  how  deepty  she  lores  Benedick, 
and  bewailing  that  so  nice  a  girl  should 
break  her  heart  with  unrequited  love. 
This  conversation  was  a  mere  ruse,  but 
Benedick  believed  it  to  be  true,  and 
resolved  to  reward  the  love  of  Beatrice 
with  love  and  marriage.  It  so  happened 
that  Beatrice  had  been  entrapped  by  a 
similar  conversation  which  she  had  over- 
heard from  her  cousin  Hero.  The  end 
was  they  sincerely  loved  each  other,  and 
became  man  and  wife. — Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

Benedict  [Bkllefontaixe],  the 
wealthiest  farmer  of  Grand  Pre*,  in 
Acadia,  father  of  Evangeline  ("the  pride 
of  the  village  ").  He  was  a  stalwart  man 
of  70,  hale  as  an  oak,  but  his  hair  was 
white  as  snow.  Colonel  Winslow  in 
1713  informed  the  villagers  of  Grand  Pre- 
that  the  French  had  formally  ceded  their 
village  to  the  English,  that  George  II. 
now  confiscated  all  their  lands,  houses, 
and  cattle,  and  that  the  people,  amounting 
to  nearly  2000,  were  to  be  "exiled  into 
other  lands  without  delay."  The  people 
assembled  on  the  sea-shore  ;  old  Benedict 
Bellefontaine  sat  to  rest  himself,  and  fell 
dead  in  a  fit.     The  old  priest  buried  him 


in  the  sand,  and  the  exiles  left  their 
village  homes  for  ever. — Longfellow, 
Evangeline  (1849). 

Benefit-Play.  The  first  actress  in- 
dulged with  a  benefit-play  was  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Barry  (1682-1733). 

Ben'engel'i  (Ctd  JIamet),  the  hypo- 
thetical Moorish  chronicler  from  whom 
Cervantes  pretends  he  derived  the  ac- 
count of  the  adventures  of  don  Quixote. 

The  Spanish  commentators  .  .  .  have  discovered  U  at 
cid  JIamet  Uewmytli  is  after  all  no  mure  than  an  Arable 
version  of  the  name  of  CervanUis  himself,  l.'amet  U 
a  Moorish  prefix,  and  Bencngeli  signifies  "son  of  a  stag,* 
In  Spanish  Cervanteno. — Loekhart. 

Benewjeli  ( Cid  Hamet),  Thomas  Babing- 
ton  lord  Macaulay.  His  signature  in  his 
Frwjmcnt  of  an  Ancient  Romance  (1826). 
(See  Cid,  etc.) 

Benev'olus,  in  Cooper's  Task,  is 
John  Courtney  Throckmorton,  of  Weston 
Underwood. 

Benjie  (Little),  or  Benjamin  Col- 
thred,  a  spy  employed  by  Cristal  Nixon, 
the  agent  of  Redgauntlet. — Sir  VV.  Scott, 
Jiedyauntlet  (time,  George  111.). 

Ben'net  (Brother),  a  monk  at  St. 
Mary's  convent. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Ben'net  (Mrs.),  a  demure,  intriguing 
woman  in  Amelia,  a  novel  by  Fielding 
(1751). 

Ben'oiton  (Madame),  a  woman  who 
has  been  the  ruin  of  the  family  by  neglect. 
In  the  "  famille  Benoiton"  the  constant 
question  was  "  Oil  est  Madame?"  and  the 
invariable  answer  "  E 'lie  est  sortie ."  At  the 
denouement  the  question  was  asked  again, 
and  the  answer  was  varied  thus,  "Madam 
has  been  at  home,  but  is  gone  out  again." 
— La  Famille  Benoiton. 

Ben'shee,  the  domestic  spirit  or 
demon  of  certain  Irish  families.  The 
benshee  takes  an  interest  in  the  prosperity 
of  the  family  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
intimates  to  it  approaching  disaster  or 
death  by  wailings  or  shrieks.  The  Scotch 
Bodach  Glay  or  "grey  spectre"  is  a  simi- 
lar spirit.    Same  as  Banshee  (which  seeh 

How  oft  has  the  Benshee  cried  1 
flow  oft  has  death  untied 
Blight  links  that  glory  wove. 
Sweet  bonds  entwined  by  love  1 

T.  Moore,  Irish  itelodlH,  X 

Bentick  Street  (Portman  Square, 
London),  named  after  William  Beritick, 
second  duke  of  Portland,  who  married 
Margaret,  only  child  of  Edward  second 
earl  of  Oxford  aua  Mortimer. 


BENVOLIO. 


r.r.FlKNICE. 


Benvo'lio,  nephew  to  Montage,  and 
Borneo's  friend.  A  testy,  Litigious  fellow, 
who  would  quarrel  about  goafs  wool  "r 
pigeon's  milk.  Hercutio  says  to  him, 
"  Thou  hast  quarrelled  with  a  man  fur 
coughing  in  toe  street,  because  he  hath 
wakened  thy  <  1< >lt  that  hath  lain 
in  the  sun  "  (ad  lii.  bc  1). — Shakespeare, 
Romeo  arid  Juliet  (1598). 

Ben'wicke  ("2  sy/.),  the  kingdom  of 
king  Ban,  father  of  sir  Launcelot.  It 
was  situate  in  that  extremely  shadowy 
locality  designated  as  "beyond  seas,"  but 
whether  it  was  Brittany  or  Utopia,  "nun 
nostrum  tantaa  componere  lites." 

Probably  it  was  Brittany,  because  it 
was  across  the  channel,  and  was  in 
1-  ranee.  Han  king  of  Benwicke  was 
brother  of  ltors  kin::  of  Gaul. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  8 
(1170)*. 

Beowulf,  the  name  of  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  epic  poem  of  the  si\th  century.  It 
received  its  name  from  Beowulf,  who 
delivered  Hrothgarkingof  D<  nmarh  from 
the  monster  <  Irendel.  This  <  irend< 
half  monster  and  half  man,  and  night 
after  night  stole  into  the  king's  palace 
called  Seorot,  and  slew  sometimes  as 
many  as  thirty  of  the  Bleepers  at  a  time. 

Beowulf    put    himself   at  the   head   of   a 
mixed  hand  of  warrior-.  ost  the 

monster  and  slew   it.     This  epic  is  very 
Ossianic  in  style,  is  full  of  beautii 
is  most  interesting. — Kemble's  Trim 

(A.  D.  Wackerbarth  published  in  1849 
a  metrical    translation    of    this    Anglo- 
□  poem,  of  considerable  merit.) 

Beppo.    Byron  the  husband 

of  Laura,  a  Venetian  lady.     He  WS 
captive    in   Troy,   turned    Turk,   joined    a 

band  of    j . i r.- 1 1 . ■  ~ .   grew  rich,   and    after 

years  returned  to  his  native  land. 

He  found  bis  wife  at  a  carnival  hall  with 

I  •■/•>>,  made  himself   known   to   her. 

and  they  lived  together  again  as  man  and 
w  if.-.   |  Beppo  is  a  contraction  i  I 

a.s  Joe  is  ol  .'".) 

Beppo,  in  Fra  Diavoio,  an  opera  by 
Auher  (1886). 

l.  i  (2  ■<.'/'.),  brother  of  Argan  the 
lit  tells  Ar  an  that 
hia  doctors  will  confess  this  much,  that 
the  cure  of  a  patient  is  a  v<  ry  minor  con- 
sideration with  them,  " 
• 

prvaafssn  pour  ae\ 


upr  ■'"•  (mis  les  hommes  meurent  tie  Umr 
ram  <l  •  t  now  pa$  /■■  ■•■  vrs  m  i  id  ■  s."  He 
then   proves  that    ' 

hypocrite,  while  his  daughter  is  a  true- 
hearted,  loving  girl  ;  and  he  makes  the 
invalid   join   in   th( 

provided  for  his  cm  .'■l<u<uU 

i 

Berch'ta  ("  the  wkU  airy  af 

southern  Germany,  answering  to  Hulda 
("the  gracious  lady")  of  northen 
many.     After  the  introduction  of  Chris- 
tianity.  Berchta  lost  her  tirst  estate  and 
lapsed  into  a  bogie. 

Berecynthian    Goddess     (The). 
Cyb6lfi  i  from  mount  B< 

tllB,    in    l'hr.  she    was   held    in 

especial  adoration.     She  is  represented  as 

crowned  with  turrets,  and   holdin 
in  her  hand. 

Ik-r  I"  'in  .1  head 
I 
■  mm. 

SouUiov.  Rodn-ici.  I 

Borecvn'thian  Hero 
king  of   Phr 
Bt    -  /.),  in  Tin. 

Berenga'ria,     queen  - 

Richard  •  'our  de  Lion,  inl  n    I 

m,     a    novel     by    sir    W. 

Berengaria 

Berenger    (Sir    R  .-i    old 

Norman   warrior,    livi:, 

mond's  daughter,  betrothed  I 

de     Lacy,      .sir     Hugo    cancel 

betrothal  in  favour  of  his  nephew 
Damian  de  Lacy),  who  marries  the  lady 
Eveline  "the  betrothed." — Sir  W.  - 

■  /  (time,  Henry  11.). 

Bereni'ce    (4    tyl.  ' 

Ptolemy  111.     She  vow<  d  to 

hair  to  the  godl  if  her  husband   r<  ' 

home  the  vanquisher  i  >n  his 

return.  aded    her 

temple  of    the  War-god,   lit    :•. 
the  tir.-t   ni^ht,  and  ( !oi 

the  k i n^c  thai 

heaven,  where   it  .-till   forms 
•   tail  of   i 

. 

l'ope,    in    b  .,    hi* 

borrowed   this   fa'  el 

lock  of   hair  cut  1 1  ..1,  tin 

Udy 

..poll. 

i    prince»a. 
daughb  ilerud 


BERESINA. 


100 


BERNARDO 


king  of  Chalcis,  then  Polemon  king  of 
Cilicia,  and  then  went  to  live  with 
Agrippa  II.  her  brother.  Titus  fell  in 
love  with  her  and  would  have  married 
her,  but  the  Romans  compelled  him  tc 
renounce  the  idea,  and  a  separation  took 
place.  Otway  (1072)  made  this  the 
subject  of  a  tragedy  called  Titus  and 
Berenice  ;  and  Jean  Racine  (1G7U),  in  his 
tragedy  of  BeWnice,  has  made  her  a  sort 
of  llcnriette  d'Orleans. 

(llenriette  d'Orleans,  daughter  of 
1  Iharles  I.  of  England,  married  Philippe 
due  d'Orleans,  brother  of  Louis  XIV.  She 
was  brilliant  in  talent  and  beautiful  in 
person,  but  being  neglected  by  her  hus- 
band, she  died  suddenly  after  drinking  a 
cup  of  chocolate,  probably  poisoned.) 

Beresi'na  (4  nyl.).  Every  streamlet 
shall  prove  a  new  Beresina  (Russian) : 
meaning  "every  streamlet  dull  prove 
their  destruction  and  overthrow."  The 
allusion  is  to  the  disastrous  passage  of  the 
French  army  in  November,  1812,  during 
their  retreat  from  Moscow.  It  is  said 
that  12,000  of  the  fugitives  were  drowned 
in  the  stream,  and  10,000  were  taken 
prisoners  by  the  Russians. 

Ber'il,  a  kind  of  crystal,  much  used  at 
one  time  by  fortune-tellers,  who  looked 
into  the  beril  and  then  uttered  their  pre- 
dictions. 

.  .  .  and,  like  a  prophet. 
Looks  In  a  ((lass  that  shews  what  future  evils  .  .  . 
Are  now  to  have  no  successive  degree, 
lint  where  they  live,  to  end. 
Shakespeare,  Manure  for  Meagure.  act  I.  w.  2  (lfKVl). 

Beringhen  {The  Sieur  de),  an  old 
gourmand,  who  preferred  patties  t<>  trra- 
Bon;  but  cardinal  Richelieu  banished  him 
from  France,  saying : 

Sleep  not  another  night  in  Paris. 

Or  else  jour  precious  life  may  be  in  danger. 

Lord  Lytton.  liicUulieu.  (1839). 

Berin'tMa,  cousin  of  Amanda  ;  a 
beautiful  young  widow  attached  to  colonel 
Townly.  In  order  to  win  him  she  plays 
upon  his  jealousy  by  coquetting  with 
Loveless. — Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Scar- 
borough (1777). 

Berkeley  (Tfie  Old  Woman  of),  a 
woman  whose  life  had  been  very  wicked. 
On  her  death-bed  she  sent  for  her  son  who 
was  a  monk,  and  for  her  daughter  who 
was  a  nun,  and  bade  them  put  her  in  a 
strong  stone  coffin,  and  to  fasten  the 
coffin  to  the  ground  with  strong  bands  of 
iron.  Fifty  priests  and  fifty  choristers 
were  to  pray  and  sing  ever  her  for  three 
davSi  and   the  bell  was   to   toll  without 


ceasing.  The  first  [right  passed  wit)  out 
much  disturbance.  The  second  night  th« 
candles  burnt  blue  and  dreadful  yells  wei« 
heard  outside  the  church.  But  the  third 
night  the  devil  broke  into  the  church  and 
carried  off  the  old  woman  on  his  black 
horse. — R.  Southey,  The  Old  Woman  of 
Berkeley  (a  ballad  from  Olaus  Magnus). 

Dr.  Savers  pointed  out  to  us  in  conrersa'lon  a  story 
related  by  Obun  KagniM  of  a  wirch  whose  coffin  was  con- 
fined hj  three  chains,  but  nevertheless  was  carried  off  by 
demons.  Dr.  Sayers  had  made  a  l>allad  on  the  subject ;  so 
had  I  :  but  after  seeing  The  Old  Woman  o/  Berkeley,  wo 
awarded  It  the  preference. — W.  Taylor. 

Berkeley  Square  (London),  so 
called  in  compliment  to  John  lord  Berke- 
ley of  Stratton. 

Berkely  ( The  lady  Augusta),  plighted 
to  sir  John  de  Walton,  governor  of  Doug- 
las Castle.  She  first  appears  under  the 
name  of  Augustine,  disguised  as  the  son 
of  Bertram  the  minstrel,  and  the  novel 
concludes  with  her  marriage  to  De  Walton, 
to  whom  Douglas  Castle  had  been  sur- 
rendered.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dan- 
gerous (time,  Henry  I.). 

Berkshire  Lady  ( The),  Miss  Frances 
Kendrick,  daughter  of  sir  William  Ken- 
drick,  second  baronet;  his  father  was 
created  baronet  by  Charles  II.  The  line, 
"  Faint  heart  never  won  fair  lady,"  was 
the  advice  of  a  friend  to  Mr.  Child,  the 
son  of  a  brewer,  who  sought  the  hand  of 
the  lady. —  Qiuirterly  Review,  cvi.  205- 
245. 

Berme'ja,  the  Insula  de  la  Torre, 
from  which  Am'adis  of  Caul  starts  when 
he  goes  in  quest  of  the  enchantress-dam- 
sel, daughter  of  Finetor  the  necromancer. 

Bermu'das,  a  cant  name  for  one  of 
the  purlieus  of  the  Strand,  at  one  time 
frequented  by  vagabonds,  thieves,  and  all 
evil-doers  who  sought  to  Vie  perdu. 

Bernard.  Solomon  Bernard,  engnivc-x 
of  Lions  (sixteenth  century),  called  Le 
petit  Bernard.  Claude  Bernard  of  Dijon, 
the  philanthropist  (1588-1641),  is  called 
Foot  Bernard.  Pierre  Joseph  Bernard, 
the  French  poet  (1710-1775),  is  called  Lt 
gentil  Bernard. 

Bernard,  an  ass;  in  Italian  Bernardo. 
In  the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the 
Fox,  the  sheep  is  called  "Bernard,"  and 
the  ass  is  "  Bernard  l'archipretre  "  (1498). 

Bernar'do,  an  officer  in  Denmark,  to 

whom  the  ghost  of  the  murdered  king 
appeared  during  the  night-watch  at  the 
royal  castle. — Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (1596L 


BERNARDO  DEL  CARPIO. 


101 


BERTOLDO. 


.Bernardo  del  Carpio,  one  of 
t lie  most  favourite  subjects  of  the  old 
Spanish  minstrels.    The  orheT  two  aere 

'1/ie  Cut  and  Lara's  Seven  Infants,  I'.er- 
nardo  del  Carpio  was  tlie  person  who 
assailed  Orlando  (or  Rowland) at  Ronces- 
valles,  and  finding  him  invulnerable 
him  up  in  liis  .inns  and  squeezed  him  to 
death,  as  Hercules  did  Antie'os. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote,  II.  ii.  13  (1615). 

•**  The  only  vulnerable  part  of  Or- 
lando was  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

Bemesque  Poetry,  like  lord  By- 
ron's Don  Jwin,  is  a  mixture  of  satire, 
tragedy,  comedy,  serious  thought,  wit, 
and  ridicule.  L.  Pulci  was  the  father,  of 
this  class  of  rhyme  (1432  1  1*7),  but 
Francesco  Rerni  of  Tuscany  (1490-1537) 
so  greatly  excelled  in  it,  that  it  is  called 
Bemesque,  from  his  name. 

Bernit'ia  with  Dci'ra  constituted 
Northumbria.  Bernitia  included  West- 
moreland, Durham,  and  part  of  Cumber- 
land. Devra  contained  the  other  part  of 
Cumberland,  with  Yorkshire  and  Lan- 
cashire. 

Two  kingdom  which  had  been  witti  several  Uironcs  en- 

Bemitta.  li^lit  the  one.  Diera  [»(<•]  th'  nUier  called. 

Drayton,  roiyibion.  ui.  (IBIS). 

Ber'rathoil,  an  island  of  Scandinavia. 

Berser'ker,  grandson  otf  tho  eight- 
handed  Starka'der  and  tlie  beautiful 
Althil'de.  lh;  was  so  called  because  he 
wore  ''no  shirt  of  mail,"  but  went  to 
battle  unharnessed.  lie  married  the 
daughter  of  Swaftirlam,  and  had  twelve 
eons.  (Beersyrce,  Anglo-Saxon,  "bare  of 
shirt ;  "  Scotch,  "  bare-sark.") 

Von  miv  that  I  am  n  Banarkar,  and  ■  .  .  harnanrt  I  k*o 
kvmorrow  i<>  the  war,  and  bareira-  I  win  that  »ar  ur 
d.i-.-  Bar,  C.  Kmr  :«).  ffiianoiiri  Mi  Vak$t  i  VJ. 

Bertha,  the    supposed    daughter   of 

Vandunke  (l*  si/l.)  burgomaster  of  Bruges, 
and  mistress  of  Goswin  a  rich  merchant 
of  the  same  city.  In  reality,  Bertha  is 
the  duke  of  Brabant's  daughter  Gertrude, 
and  Goswin  is  )■'{•  res,  boh  of  Gerrard  king 
ot  the  beggars. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Beggar*  Husk  (1623). 

Ber*tha\  daughter  of  Burkhard  duke  of 

the    Alemanni,    and    wife    of    Rudolf    II. 

king  of  Burgundy  beyond  Jura,     she  is 

represented  on  monuments  of  the  time  as 
-ittin^  on  her  throne  spinning. 

i    the  iHviiiUf.il  lu  iti.a  tin.  Bplnner,  Uu 
Beta  ■..,.  .  .  . 

Who  a..  Oie  rude  on   her  luifrv)  n'rr  valley,  and  meadow, 
and  mountain. 


Ever  was  .pinning  her  thread  from  the  distaff  filed  to  ha* 

0  thrift)-  and  good  that  her  name  passed  Into  a 
prmvrn 

Lougtenow.  toiirarttu  of  MIL'  .-'<inii'*   tUL 

Beri  atha,  the  betrothed  of 

Hereward  (3  «;//.),  one  of  the  emperor's 
Varangian  guards.  The  novel  concludes 
with  Hereward  enlisting  under  the  banner 
of  count  Robert,  and  marrying  Bertha. — 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  Count  JioU-rt  of  JJans  (time, 
Rufus). 

Ber'tha,  the  betrothed  of  John  of  Le^- 
den.  When  she  went  with  her  mother  A 
ask  count  Oberthal's  permission  to  marry, 
the  count  resolved  to  make  hie  pretty 
vassal  his  mistress,  and  confined  her  in 
his  castle.  She  made  her  escape  and 
went  to  Munstcr,  intending  to  set  lire  to 
the  palace  of  "the  prophet,"  who,  6ho 
thought,  had  caused  the  death  of  her 
lover.  Being  seized  and  brought  before 
the  prophet,  she  recognized  in  him  hex 
lover,  and  exclaiming,  "I  loved  the« 
once,  hut  now  my  love  is  turned  to  hate," 
Btabbed  herself  and  died. — Meyerbeer.   I.c 

Prophete  (an  opera,  1849). 

Berthe  au  Grand-Pied,  mother  of 
Charlemagne,  so  called  from  a  dul 

Bertolde  (3  aw/.),  the  hero  of  a  little 
jeu  d' esprit  in  Italian  proBe  by  ■'.  I  . 
(*2  syl.).     He  is  a  comedian  by  pro!. 

whom  DOtbing  astonishes,  lie  i>  as  much 
at  his  ease  with  kings  and  queens  as  with 
those  of  his  own  rank.  Hence  tlie  |  br.-i-u 
Imperturbable  at  /•'•  rtoldt .  meaning  "never 
taken  by  surprise."  "  aever  thrown  o:F 
one's  guard,"  "  never  disconcerted." 

Bertoldo  (Prince),  a  knight  of  Malt*^ 
and  brother  of  Roberto  kin_'  of  the  two 
Sicilies.  He  is  in  lore  with  Cami'ola 
"the    m.'iid   of    honour,"   but    could    not 

marry    without  a  dispensation    from  the 

While  matters  were  si  this  crisis, 
Bertoldo  laid  siege  to   Sienna,  nn.l  was 

taken  prisoner.     <  amiola paid  his  ri 

but   before  he  wi  nchess 

Aurelia    requested    him   to    be    brought 

before  her.     Immediately  the  duclo  I 

him,  she  fell    in    love   with   him,   and 
offered  him  marriage,  and  Bertold 
getful    of   Camiola,   accepted  the 

The  betrothed  then    pres.nted    themselves 

before  the  king.     1 1  «-r»-  ( lami 

the  conduct  of  the  knight;   Rob<  i 

indignant  ;  Aurelia  rejects  hi  I 

•corn  ;  and  i  lamii  la  takes  the  veil. 

singer,  I  Honour  ( 1 1 

BertoPdo,  the  chief  character  '  ■ 
euiije  romance  culled  1  ita  1. 


BERTOLDO'S  SON. 


102 


BERTRAMO. 


Julio  Cesare  Croce,  who  flourished  in  the 
•sixteenth  century.  It  recounts  the  suc- 
cessful exploits  of  a  clever  but  ugly 
peasant,  and  was  for  two  centuries  as 
popular  in  Italy  as  Robinson  Crusoe  is  in 
England.  Same  as  Bertolde  and  Bartoldo. 

Bertoldo's  Son,  Rinaldo. — Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Bertram  (Baron),  one  of  Charle- 
magne's paladins. 

Ber'tram,  count  of  Rousillon.  While 
on  a  visit  to  the  king  of  France,  Hel'ena, 
a  physician's  daughter,  cured  the  king  of 
a  disorder  which  had  baffled  the  court 
physicians.  For  this  service  the  king 
promised  her  for  husband  any  one  she 
chose  to  select,  and  her  choice  fell  on 
Bertram.  The  haughty  count  married 
her,  it  is  true,  but  deserted  her  at  once, 
and  left  for  Florence,  where  he  joined  the 
duke's  army.  It  so  happened  that 
Helena  also  stopped  at  Florence  while  on 
a  pilgrimage  to  the  shrine  of  St.  Jacques 
le  Grand.  In  Florence  she  lodged  with  a 
widow  whose  daughter  Diana  was  wan- 
tonly loved  by  Bertram.  Helena  ob- 
tained permission  to  receive  his  visits  in 
lieu  of  Diana,  and  in  one  of  these  visits 
exchanged  rings  with  him.  Soon  after 
this  the  count  went  on  a  visit  to  his 
mother,  where  he  saw  the  king,  and  the 
king  observing  on  his  finger  the  ring  he 
had  given  to  Helena,  had  him  arrested  on 
the  suspicion  of  murder.  Helena  now 
came  forward  to  explain  matters,  and  all 
was  well,  for  all  ended  well. — Shake- 
Bpeare,  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well  (1598). 

1  cannot  reconcile  my  heart  to  "  Bertram,"  a  man  noble 
without  generosity,  and  young  without  truth ;  who  marries 
Helena  as  a  coward,  and  leaves  her  as  a  profligate.  When 
■tie  is  dead  by  his  unkindness  he  sneaks  home  to  a  second 
marriage,  is  accused  by  a  woman  whom  he  has  wronged, 
defends  himself  by  falsehood,  and  is  dismissed  to  happi- 
ness.— Dr.  Johnson. 

Bertram  (Sir  Stephen),  an  austere  mer- 
chant, very  just  but  not  generous.  Fear- 
ing lest  his  son  should  marry  the  sister  of 
his  clerk  (Charles  Ratclifr'e),  he  dismissed 
Ratcliffe  from  his  service,  and  being 
then  informed  that  the  marriage  had  been 
already  consummated,  he  disinherited  his 
son.  Sheva  the  Jew  assured  him  that  the 
lady  had  £10,000  for  her  fortune,  so  he 
relented.  At  the  last  all  parties  were 
satisfied. 

Frederick  Bertram,  only  son  of  sir 
8tephen  ;  he  marries  Miss  Ratcliffe  clan- 
destinely, and  incurs  thereby  his  father's 
displeasure,  but  the  noble  benevolence  of 
Sheva  the  Jew  brings  about  a  reconcilia- 
tion,  and  opens    eir  Bertram's  eyes   to 


"  see  ten  thousand  merits,"  a  grace  for 
every  pound. — Cumberland,  The  Jevt 
(1776). 

Ber'tram  (Count),  an  outlaw,  who  be- 
comes the  leader  of  a  band  of  robbers. 
Being  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Sicily1",  he 
is  conveyed  to  the  castle  of  lady  Imogine, 
and  in  her  he  recognizes  an  old  sweetheart 
to  whom  in  his  prosperous  days  he  was 
greatly  attached.  Her  husband  (St.  Aldo- 
brand),  who  was  away  at  first,  returning 
unexpectedly  is  murdered  by  Bertram  ; 
Imogine  goes  mad  and  dies;  and  Bertram 
puts  an  end  to  his  own  life. — C.  Maturin, 
Bertram  (1782-1825). 

Bertram  (Mr.  Godfrey),  the  laird  of 
Ellangowan. 

Mrs.  Bertram,  his  wife. 

Harry  Bertram,  alias  captain  Van- 
beest  Brown,  alias  Dawson,  alias 
Dudley,  son  of  the  laird,  and  heir  to 
Ellangowan.  Harry  Bertram  is  in  love 
with  Julia  Mannering,  and  the  novel 
concludes  with  his  taking  possession  of 
the  old  house  at  Ellengowan  and  marrying 
Julia. 

Lucy  Bertram,  sister  of  Harry  Bertram. 
She  marries  Charles  Hazlewood,  son  of 
sir  Robert  Hazlewood,  of  Hazlewood. 

Sir  Allen  Bertram,  of  Ellangowan,  an 
ancestor  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram. 

Dennis  Bertram,  Donohoe  Bertram,  and 
Lewis  Bertram,  ancestors  of  Mr.  Godfrey 
Bertram. 

Captain  Andrew  Bertram,  a  relative  of 
the  family. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Man- 
neriny  (time,  George  II.). 

Bertram,  the  English  minstrel,  and 
guide  of  lady  Augusta  Berkely,  when  in 
disguise  she  calls  herself  the  minstrel's 
son. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Danyerous 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

Ber'tram,  one  of  the  conspirators 
against  the  republic  of  Venice.  Having 
' '  a  hesitating  softness,  fatal  to  a  great 
enterprise,"  he  betrayed  the  conspiracy 
to  the  senate.  —  Byron,  Marino  Faliero 
(1819). 

Bertra'mo,  the  fiend-father  of 
Robert  le  Diable.  After  alluring  his 
son  to  gamble  away  all  his  property,  he 
meets  him  near  St.  Ire'ne,  and  Hel'ena 
seduces  him  to  join  in  "the  Dance  cf 
Love."  When  at  last  Bertramo  comes  tu 
claim  his  victim,  he  is  resisted  by  Alice 
(the  duke'»  foster-sister),  who  reads  to 
Robert  his  mother's  will.  Being  thus 
reclaimed,  angels  celebrate  the  triumph 


BERTRAM'. 


103 


BBTIQUE. 


of  pood  over  evil. — Meyerbeer,  Roberto  il 
Diavalo  (ao  opera,  1H31). 

Bertrand,  a  simpleton  and  a  villain, 
lie  is  the  accomplice  "f  Robert  Macabre, 
a  libertine  of  unblushing  impudence,  who 
sina  without  compunction. — Daumier, 
L'Auljerje  des  Adrets. 

Bertrand  du  Gfueslin,  a  romance 
of  chivalry,  reciting  the  adventures  of 
this  conne'tablc  de  France,  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  V. 

Bertrand  du   Gueslin  in  prison.     The 

K'nce  of  Wales  went  to  visit  his  captive 
rtrand,  and  asking  him  how  he  fared, 
the  Frenchman  replied,  "  Sir,  I  have 
heard  the  mice  and  the  rats  this  many  a 
day,  but  it  is  long  since  I  heard  the  Bong  <>f 
birds,"  i.e.  I  have  been  lon^'  a  captive 
and  have  not  breathed  the  fresh  air. 

The  reply  of  Bertrand  da  (iueslin 
calls  to  mind  that  of  Douglas,  called 
"The  Good  sir  James,"  the  companion 
ot  Robert  Brace,  "  It  is  better,  I  ween, 
to  hear  the  lark  sing  than  the  mouse 
cheep,"  i.<\  It  is  better  to  keep  the  open 
field  than  t<>  be  shut  up  in  a  castle. 

Bertulphe  (2  syl.Y,  provosl  of  Bruges, 

the    son   OX   a  serf.      By  his    geniafl  and 

energy    he   became    the    richest,    mosl 

honoured,    and    most   powerful    man     in 

-.     His  arm  was  strong  in  fight,  his 

wisdom  swayed  the  council,  his  step  was 

proud,  and  DIB  eye  untamed.     He  had  one 

child,  most  dearly  beloved,  the  bride  of 
sir  Bouchard,  a  knight  of  noble  descent. 

Charles   "the    ti 1,"    earl   of    Flanders, 

made  a  law  (1127)  that  whoever  married 
a  serf  should  become  a  serf,  and  that  serfs 
were  serfs  till  manumission.  By  these 
absurd  decrees  Bertulphe  the  provost,  his 

daughter  Constance,  and  his  knightly 
■on-in-law  were  all  serfs.  The  result  was 
that  the  provost  slew  the  carl  and  then 
himself,  his  daughter  went  mad  and  died, 

and     Bouchard     was    slain     in    fight. — S. 

Knowles,  The  Provost  <•{  Br 

Ber'wine    ('2    tyl.),    the    favourite 

attendant  of  lady  Ermengaide  ;■'■        .) 

ddringham,    great-aunt    <>f    lady 

Eveline     "the     betrothed."— Sir      W. 

The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Bor'yl  Mol'ozano  (3  tyl.),  the 
lady-love  oi  tth.    All  beauty, 

love,  and  sunshine.    Bhe  has  a  heart  f'>r 

every  one,  is  ready  to  help  every  one,  and 

is  by  every  one  beloved,  yet  ber  lol   is 

most   painfullv  unhappy,  and  ends  in  ao 
sarlv  death.— P.  Q.  Trafford  [J.  li 
dtdl],  Qeorge  Oeith, 


Boso'nian  (A),  a  scoundrel.  From 
the  Italian,  bisojnoso,  "a  needy  person, 
a  beggar." 

I'ruul  lordi  do  tumble  from  the  tower*  of  their  hlirfc 
deaccnU;  ami  be  trod  under  feet  oi  rrery  lata 
ninn.— ThorruM    Nub,    I'itrc*   /'rttnycue.   ku 
cation,  etc.  (1561). 

Bess  (0oorf  queen),  Elizabeth  (1533. 
1558-1608). 

Bees,    the    daughter    of    the    "blind 
of   Bethnal   (Jrecn,"   a   lady    by 
birth,  a  sylph  for  beauty,  an   angel    fol 
constancy  and  s\w  -    e  was  loved 

to  distraction   oy  Wilford,  and   it   turns 
out  that  he  was  the  son  of  lord   W  ■ 
ville,    and    Bess    the    daughter  of    lord 
Woodville's      brother ;      so     they     were 
cousins.       Queen    Elizabeth    sand 
their  nuptials,  and  took  them  tmdi 
own  especial  conduct. — S.  Knowles,  The 
it  of  Bethnal  Green  (1884). 

Bess  o'  Bedlam,  ■  female  lunatic 
vagrant,  the  male  lunatic  VS    r 

called  a  Zbm  t>'  B  i 

Be8SUS,    governor 
seized  Darius  (after  the  battl< 
and  put  him  to  deatli.     Airian 
ander  caused  the  nostrils  of  the  regicide 
to  be  slit,  and  the  tips  of  his  ear- 
cut  off.     The  offender  being  then  sent  to 
Eebat'ana  in  chains,  was  pal 

Lo  1  Besus,  he  that  amide  with  murderer's  kn>f« 
And  tnurtjouj  li-.rt  afajrafl  hii  :■■*  > 

With  I.: 

tan  hb  fulfte  u«*.  , 
Wha  like  a  wtbU  in-  k  ■!  ■•!  in 

llu  III  pre~.ut.-l   b)    Oil  ■  •  : 
Unto  Uio  foe.,  of  him  Whom  he  ha.1  ri  I 

T.  SackvUle.  .«   Mi   -  . 

("The  CoiupUjnt."  . 

Bes'stiS.   a  cowardly  bragging  captain, 
a  sort  of  Bobadil  or  Vincent  de  1 1 
Captain  Bessus,  having  received  a  chal- 
lenge, write  word  back  thai  he  could  not 

accept  the  honour  for  thirt. 

he  had  already  212  duels  on  hand,  but  be 

was   much   gneved   he  could  net    appoint 

ier  day. — Beaumont  and  Fl< 

. 

' «u  . . . 

In  him  .  .  . 
(oh J  what  a  U— in  luu  be  I 

njot  .Tilf fc  «. 

B6tiquo  (2  syl.)  •  ■  Bra 

na'da  and  A-  called  fr  < 

river  1  Q 

scribes  this  part  of  o  iwrhus 

as  a  reritabli    I  topia.     Feneloo(  At**- 
i.  (17D0). 


BETTER  TO  REIGN  IN  HELL,  ETC.  104 


BEVII 


Better  to  Reign  in  Hell  than 
Serve  in  Heaven. — Milton,  Paradise 
Lpst,  i.  263  (16C5). 

Julius  Caesar  used  to  say  he  would 
rather  be  the  first  man  in  a  country 
village  than  the  second  man  at  Rome. 

Betty  Doxy.  Captain  Macheath 
Bays  to  her,  "  Do  you  drink  as  hard  as 
ever  ?  You  had  better  stick  to  good 
wholesome  beer ;  for,  in  troth,  Betty, 
strong  waters  will  in  time  ruin  your 
constitution.  You  should  leave  those  to 
youi  betters." — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera, 
li.  1  (1727), 

Betty  Foy,  "  the  idiot  mother  of 
an  idiot  boy." — \V.  Wordsworth  (1770- 
1850). 

Betty  [Hint] ,  servant  in  the  family 
of  sir  'Pertinax  and  lady  McSycophant. 
She  is  a  sly,  prying  tale-bearer,  who 
hates  Constantia  (the  beloved  of  Eger- 
ton  McSycophant),  simply  because  every 
one  else  loves  her. — C.  Macklin,  T/ie  Man 
of  the  World  (1764). 

BetuTnum,  Dumsby  or  the  Cape 
of  St.  Andrew,  in  Scotland. 

The  north-inflated  tempest  foams 
O'er  Orka's  or  Betubium's  highest  peak. 

Thomson,  Thv  .seatont  ("Autumn,"  1730). 

Betula  Alba,  common  birch.  The 
Roman  lictors  made  fasces  of  its  branches, 
and  also  employed  it  for  scourging  chil- 
dren, etc.     (Latin,  batulo,  "to  beat.") 

The  college  porter  brought  in  a  huge  quantity  of  that 
betulineous  tree,  a  native  of  Britain,  called  trtula  alba, 
which  furnished  rods  for  the  school. — Lord  W.  P.  Lennox, 
Celebritiet,  etc.,  i.  43. 

Beulah,  that  land  of  rest  which  a 
Christian  enjoys  when  his  faith  is  so 
strong  that  he  no  longer  fears  or  doubts. 
Sunday  is  sometimes  so  called.  In 
Bunyan's  allegory  (The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress) the  pilgrims  tarry  in  the  land  of 
Beulah  after  their  pilgrimage  is  over,  till 
they  are  summoned  to  cross  the  stream 
of  Death  and  enter  into  the  Celestial 
City. 

After  this,  I  beheld  until  they  came  unto  the  land  of 
Beulah,  where  the  sun  shineth  night  and  day.  Hire, 
because  they  were  weary,  they  betook  themselves  awhile 
t*»rest;  but  a  little  while  soon  refreshed  them  here,  for 
the  bells  did  so  ring,  and  the  trumpets  sounded  so  melo- 
diously that  they  could  not  sleep.  ...  In  this  land  they 
heard  nothing,  saw  nothing,  smelt  nothing,  tasted 
nothing  that  was  offensive.— Banyan,  The  Pilgrim' t  Pro- 
gress, i.  (1678). 

Beuves  (1  syl.)  or  Buo'vo  of 
Ay'gremont,  father  of  Malagigi,  and 
oncln  of  Rinaldo.  Treacherously  slain  by 
Gano. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioao  (1516)1 

Beuves     de     Hantone,    French 


form  for  Bevis  of  Southampton  (q.v.). 
"  Hantone "  is  a  French  corruption  at 
[South]  ampton. 

Bev'an  (Mr.),  an  American  physician, 
who  befriends  Martin  Chuzzlewit  and 
Mark  Tapley  in  many  ways  during  then 
stay  in  the  New  World. — C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Bev'erley,  "the  gamester,"  natur- 
ally a  good  man,  but  led  astray  by 
Stukely,  till  at  last  he  loses  everything 
by  gambling,  and  dies  a  miserable  death. 

Mrs.  Beverley,  the  gamester's  wife. 
She  loves  her  husband  fondly,  and  clings 
to  him  in  all  his  troubles. 

Charlotte  Beverley,  in  love  with  Lewson, 
but  Stukely  wishes  to  marry  her.  She 
loses  all  her  fortune  through  her  brother, 
"the  gamester,"  but  Lewson  notwith- 
standing marries  her. — Edward  Moore, 
The  Gamester  (1712-1757). 

Mr.  Young  was  acting  "  Beverley "  with  Mrs.  Siddons. 
...  In  the  4th  act  "  Beverley  "  swallow*  poison  ;  and 
when  "Bates"  comes  in  and  fays  to  the  dying  man, 
"  Jarvis  found  you  quarrelling  with  Lawsou  in  the  streets 
last  night,"  "  Mrs.  Beverley"  replies,  "  No.  I  am  sure  he 

did   not."    To  this   "Jarvis"   adds,  "And  if  1  did " 

when  "  Mrs.  Bcverhy"  interrupts  him  with,  "  Tis  false, 
old  man  ;  they  had  no  quarrel  ..."  In  uttering  these 
words,  Mrs.  Siddous  gave  such  &  piercing  shriek  of 
grief  that  Young  was  unable  to  utter  a  word  from  a 
swelling  in  his  throat. — Campbell,  Life  of  Siddon*. 

Beverley,  brother  of  Clarissa,  and  the 
lover  of  Belinda  Blandford.  lie  is  ex- 
tremely jealous,  and  catches  at  trifles 
light  as  air  to  confirm  his  fears  ;  but  his 
love  is  most  sincere,  and  his  penitence 
most  humble  when  he  finds  out  how 
causeless  his  suspicions  are.  Belinda  is 
too  proud  to  deny  his  insinuations,  but 
her  love  is  so  deep  that  she  repents  of 
giving  him  a  moment's  pain. — A.  Mur- 
phy, All  in  theWrong  (1761). 

Young's  countenance  was  equally  well  adapted  for  th« 
expression  of  ftathos  or  of  pride ;  thus  in  such  parts  M 
"Hamlet."  "Beverley."  "The  Stranger"  ...  he  looked 
the  men  he  r»presented. — A'eu  Monthly  (1822). 

Bev'il,  a  model  gentleman,  in  Steele's 
Conscious  Lovers. 

Whate'er  can  deck  mankind 
Or  charm  the  heart,  in  generous  Bevil  shewed. 
Thomson,  The  Seasons  ("Winter,"  17L'8). 

Bevil  (Francis,  Harry,  and  George), 
three  brothers — one  an  M.P.,  another  in 
the  law,  and  the  third  in  the  Guards — who, 
unknown  to  each  other,  wished  to  obtain 
in  marriage  the  hand  of  Miss  Grubb,  the 
daughter  of  a  rich  stock-broker.  The 
M.P.  paid  his  court  to  the  father,  and 
obtained  his  consent ;  the  lawyer  paid 
his  court  to  the  mother,  and  obtained  hei 
consent ;  the  officer  paid  his  court  to  the 
young  lad/,   and  having    obtained    hot 


BEY1S. 


105 


IiKKl 


consent,  the  other  two  brothers  retired 

from  the  field. — O'Brien,  ( '' 

Bo'vis,  the  hone  of  l->r-l  Bfarmion. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Mar 

«  (-S'iV)  of  Southampton.  Having 
reproved  hi*  mother,  while  still  a  lad, 
fur  murdering  his  father,  she  employed 

baber  to  kill  him  ;  but  S.iln-r  only  left 
him  on  ■  desert  land  as  ■  waif,  and  he  was 
brought  op  as  a  shepherd.  Bearing  that 
his  mother  had  married  MorMure  (2  «//'•)> 
the  adulterer,  he  forced  his  way  into  the 
marriage  hall  ami  struck al  Mordnre;  hut 
liotdure  slipped  aside,  and  escaped  the 
blow.  Bevis  was  now  sent  out  <>f  the 
country,  and  being  Bold  to  an  Armenian, 
was  presented  to  the  kim.'.  Jos'ian,  the 
kings  daughter,  fell  in  love  vritfa  him  ; 
they  were  duly  married,  and  Bevis  was 
knighted.  Having  slain  the  lioar  which 
made  holes  in  the  earth  as  big  as  that 
into  which  Curt  ins  lea  jit,  he  was  a|>- 
pointed  general  of  the  Armenian  forces, 
Buhdued  Hrandamond  of  Damascus,  and 
made  Damascus  tributary  to  Armenia. 
Being  sent,  on  a  future  occasion,  as  am- 
bassador to  Damascus,  he  was  thrust  into 
a  prison,  where  were  two  huge  Berpents ; 
these  he  slew,  and  then  effected  his 
His  next  encounter  was  with 
Ascuparl    the    giant,    whom    he   made   his 

slave.     Lastly,  he  slew  the  greal  dragon 
of  Colein,  and  then  returned  to  England, 

where  he    was   restored   to   his   lands  and 

titles.    The   French  call   him  Ben 
Hantotu.  —  M.   Drayton,   Polyolbion,    ii. 
(1612). 
The  Swnrd  of  liens  of    Southampton 
Sforglay,    and    his    steed    Ar'umlcl. 
Both  were  riven  him  by  his  wife  Josian, 

daughter  of  the  king  of  Armenia. 

Bezaliel,  in  the  satire  of  A 
ami  Aofutophel,  is  meant  for  the  marquis 
of  Worcester,  afterwards  duke  of  Beau- 
fort, As  Bezaliel,  the  famous  artificer, 
tilled  with  the  Spirit  of  God  to 
devise  excellent  works  in  every  kind  of 
workmanship,"  so  on  the  marquis  <>f 
I  er — 

.  .   .  w)  large))  Raton  haa|  • 
There  acaro 

I'M  ,    .,!  II. 

•  v'nian,    a      1 1       r,    a     rustic 
(Italian,  ■  •     • 

Unary  tilirn  of  I  ■  l  -ill  Au*. 

•  n  I    k'.'ll<M«ll>     «...i.(./...<\  —  M.nkli.lln.    i.N„  1..%    . 
IN.WI.    4. 

Bian'ea,   the    younger    dang]  ■ 

Pad'ua,  as  gnotle  and   meek 


as  her  sister  Katherini  t  and 

irritable.     As  it   was  not  likely  any  one 

would  marr .  H  ,"  thr 
lather 

marry  before  her  sister.     IV 

the    shrew,"    and     then     1.  I 
Shakespeare, 
of  the  M). 

Bian'ca,    a    courtezan,    the    "a'.- 

'    :i 
lieutenant,  I  . 

And  ■hat  w.-u  het 

.-.•)itn»t!cian. 

A  faQua  -  ' 

tiltakoprxre,  otheilo.  aci  i.  «c  1  I  Kill. 

Bian'oOf   wife  When    h.  r 

husband  wantons  with  the   • 
Aldabella,    Bianca,  out  of  j< 
cuses  him   to  the  duke  of    Flon  i 
being  privv  to  the  death  of    Bart 

an    old    mist  r.      I 
to  death,   liianca  !• 

and  tries  to  save  her  husband,  but   not 
mad  and 

Milinaii,  /:.■ 

Bibbet  (J 
general  Harrison,  one  of  the  i  arliamentary 
commissioners. — Sir  \V.  Sci>tt,  H 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Bibbie'na    (/■),   cardinal   Bernardo, 

who     resided    at 

He  was  the  author  of  Calandra,  u  ■ 
ili7u  1520). 

"Bible"     Butler,    o/i 
Butler,    grandfather    ■;    Reub< 
the    presbyterian     minister    (married    to 

Deans).— Sir  \\ .  Bcott,  h 
Midlothian  (ti  II.. 

Bib'lis,  a   woman  who  fell   in  lov« 
with     her    brother    <  annus,    sad    was 
changed  into  a  fountain  near  V 
Ovid,  Met.  ix.  662. 

Not  Ilia: 

her  i«uu  paia  wttn  iliU. 

II. .j.    I  .,  i.  bar.  J*«  fur,  u  falajNa,  i.  ilKEP, 

Bib'ulus. 

but    a    mere    cipher   in 

name    hceame    a    household    word 

nonentity. 

I  inym 
of  dean  Sn  ift.  assumed  in  the  i 
with  Partridge,  the  almanac  mak< 
subsequently  adopt*  d  by  Si 
.  n  hich  n  as  ann 

liokerstaff,  Esq.,  astro! 

ksrtXUl    [Mn*)t    landlady   of    Ux 

*)      -. . 
Btopl     OB     bet    way     to     1 


BID  ME  DISCOURSE. 


106 


BILBILIS. 


whither  she  is  going  to  plead  for  her 
sister's  pardon. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Bid  Me  Discourse  .  .  .  The  words 
of  this  celebrated  song  are  taken  from 
Shakespeare's  poem  called  Venus  and 
Adonis,  25.     Music  by  Bishop. 

Bid'denden  Maids  {The),  two 
sisters  named  Mary  and  Elizabeth  Chulk- 
hurst,  born  at  Biddenden  in  1100.  They 
were  joined  together  by  the  shoulders 
*nd  hips,  and  lived  to  the  age  of  34. 
Some  say  that  it  was  Mary  and  Eliza- 
beth Chulkhurst  who  left  twenty  acres 
of  land  to  the  poor  of  Biddenden.  This 
tenement  is  called  "  Bread  and  Cheese 
Land,"  because  the  rent  derived  from 
it  is  distributed  on  Easter  Sunday  in 
doles  of  bread  and  cheese.  Halstead 
says,  in  his  History  of  Kent,  that  it  was 
the  gift  of  two  maidens  named  Preston, 
and  not  of  the  Biddenden  Maids. 

Biddy,  servant  to  Wopsle's  great- 
aunt,  who  kept  an  "educational  institu- 
tion." A  good,  honest  girl,  who  falls  in 
love  with  Pip,  was  loved  by  Dolge 
Orlick,  but  married  Joe  Gargery. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (I860). 

Biddy  [Bellair]  Uius),  "Miss  in 
her  teens,"  in  love  with  captain  Loveit. 
She  was  promised  in  marriage  by  her 
aunt  and  guardian  to  an  elderly  man 
whom  she  detested  ;  and  during  the 
absence  of  captain  Loveit  in  the  Flanders 
war,  she  coquetted  with  Mr.  Fribble  and 
captain  Flash.  On  the  return  of  her 
"  Strephon,"  she  set  Fribble  and  Flash 
together  by  the  cars;  and  while  they 
stood  menacing  each  other  but  afraid  to 
fight,  captain  Loveit  entered  and  sent 
them  both  to  the  right-about. — D.  Gar- 
rick,  Miss  in  Her  Teens  (1753). 

Bideford  Postman  {The).  Edward 
Capern,  a  poet,  at  one  time  a  letter- 
carrier  in  Bideford  (3  syl.). 

Bide-the-Bent  (Mr.  Peter),  minis- 
ter of  Wolf's  Hope  village. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time, 
William  III.). 

Bid'more  (Lord),  patron  of  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill,  minister  of  St.  Ronan's. 

The  Hon.  Aiu/ustus  Bidmore,  son  of 
lord  Bidmore,  and  pupil  of  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill. 

Miss  Autjusta  Bidmore,  daughter  of 
lord  Bidmore  ;  beloved  by  the  Rev. 
Josiah  Cargill.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ro- 
man's Well  (time,  George  III.). 


Bie'derman  (Arnold),  alias  count 
Arnold  of  Geierstein  [Gv.er.8tau].  lan- 
damman  of  Unterwalden.  Anne  of  Geier- 
stein, his  brother's  daughter,  is  under  his 
charge. 

Bertha  Biederman,  Arnold's  late  wife. 

Eu'diger  Biederman,  Arnold  Bieder- 
man's  son. 

Ernest  Biedennan,  brother  of  Rudiger. 

Sijismund  Biederman,  nicknamed  "The 
Simple,"  another  brother. 

Ulrick  Biederman,  youngest  of  the 
four  brothers. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bi-forked  Letter  of  the  Gree  cs, 
T  (capital  U),  which  resembles  a  bird 
flying. 

[The  birds]  flying,  write  upon  the  sky 
The  bi-forked  letter  of  the  Greek*. 

Longfell  .w,  lite  Wuyaida  Inn  (prelude). 

Bi'frost,  the  bridge  which  spans 
heaven  and  earth.  The  rainbow  is  this 
bridge,  and  its  colours  are  attributed  to 
the  precious  stones  which  bestud  it. — 
Scandinavia*  Myth. 

Big-en'dians  (The),  a  hypothetical 
religious  party  of  Lilliput,  who  made  it 
a  mutter  of  "faith"  to  break  their  eggs 
at  the  "  big  end."  Those  who  broke 
them  at  tho  other  end  were  considered 
heretics,  and  called  Little-endians. — 
Dean  Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  (1726). 

Big'low  (Hoaea),  tho  feigned  author 
of  The  Biglovt  Papers  (1848),  really  writ- 
ten by  Professor  James  Russell  Lowell 
of  Boston,  Mass.  (1819-         ). 

Big'ot  (De),  seneschal  of  prince 
John. — Sir  Walter  Soott,  Ivanhoe  (time 
Richard  I.). 

Pi  l'<>t,  in  C.  Lamb's  Essays,  is  John 
Fenwick,  editor  of  the  Albion  newspaper. 

Big-Sea-Water,  lake  Superior,  also 
called  GitchO  Gu'mce. 

Forth  upon  the  Gitche  Guinea. 
On  the  thlning  Big-Sea-Water  .  .  . 
All  alone  weal  Biawstha. 

Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  vML 

Bi'lander,  a  boat  used  in  coast  navi- 
gation [By-tatld.er]. 

Why  choose  we  then  like  bllanders  to  creep 
Along  the  coast,  ami  land  in  view  to  koi'p, 
When  &ifely  we  may  launch  into  the  deep? 

Dryden,  Hind  and  the  Panther. 

Bil'bilis,  a  river  in  Spain.     The  high 
temper  of  the  best  Spanish  blades  is  due 
to  the  extreme  coldness  of  this  river,  into  x 
which  they  are  dipped. 

Help  mo.  I  pray  you.  to  a  Spanish  sword. 
The  trustiest  blade  that  e'er  In  BilbilU 
Was  dipt 

Soutbey,  Hoderlck.  etc..  KIT.  1 18' 44 


BILBO. 


107       BIRD  SINGING  TO  A  M«>NK. 


Bilbo,  a  Spanish  blade  noted  for  its 
flexibility,  and  bo  called  from  Bilba'o, 

where  at  one  time  the  best  blades  were 
made. 

Bilboes  (2  si/L),  a  bar  of  iron  with 
fetters  annexed  to  it,  by  which  mutinous 
sailors  were  at  one  time  linked  together. 
Some  of  the  bilboes  taken  from  the 
Spanish  Armada  are  preserved  in  the 
British  Museum.  They  are  so  called  not 
because  they  were  first  made  at  l'ilba'o,  in 
Spain,  but  from  the  entanglements  of  the 
•rn-rr  on  which  Bilbao  stands.  These 
"entanglements"  are  called  The  Bilboes. 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  compare  the  mar- 
riage knot  to  bilboes. 

Bil'dai  (2  sy/.),  a  seraph  and  the 
tutelar  guardian  of  Matthew  the  apostle, 
the  son  of  wealthy  parents  and  brought 
up  in  great  luxury. — Klopstock,  The 
Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Billings  (Josh.).  A.  W.  Shaw  so 
signs  His  Book  of  Sayirujs  (18G6). 

Billingsgate  (3  syl.).  Beling  was 
a  friend  of  "Brennus"  the  Gaul,  who 
owned  a  wharf  called  Beling's-gate. 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  derives  the  word 
from  Belin,  a  mythical  king  of  the 
ancient  Britons,  who  "  built  a  gate  there, 
B.C.  400"  (1142). 

Billy  Barlow,  a  merry  Andrew,  so 
called  from  a  semi-idiot,  who  fancied 
himself  "a  great  potentate."  He  was 
well  known  in  the  east  of  London,  and 
died  in  Whitechapel  workhouse.  Some 
of  his  sayings  were  really  witty,  and 
some  of  his  attitudes  truly  farcical. 

Billy  Black,  the  conundrum-maker. 
—  T/ie  lluiuircd-pound  Note. 

When  Kccley  was  |>1h)Iiir  "Billy  Rlark"  at  Chelms- 
ford, he  lulvmiccd  lo  the  lights  fit  tho  clo-e  of  tha  enve. 
ninl  nld,  "  I've  urn-  mora,  ;mil  tbJl  ii  a  good  lit).  Wh>  U 
Chi-lm.-f.ird  Theatre  like  ■  balf-moonl  I>>-.-  give  It  upt 
Because  It  la  nover  full."— Record!  of  a  Stage  Ycttran. 

Bimater  {*' two-mother"),  llacchus 
was  so  called  because  at  the  death  of  his 
mother  during  gestation,  Jupiter  put  the 
foetus  into  his  own  thigh  for  the  rest  of 
the  time,  when  the  infant  Bacchus  was 
duly  brought  forth. 

Bimbister  {Margery),  the  old  Rnn- 
pouse.-  Sir    W.    Sc-'tt,    The 
Urate  (time,  William  III.). 

Bimini  [Be'.me.nee'],  afabulous  island, 
Mid  to  belong  to  the  Baha'ma  group, 
and  containing  a  fountain  possessed  ox 
the  power  of  restoring  youth.  This 
island  was  an  object  of  long  search  by 


the  Sjtauish  navigator  Juan  l'once  de 
Leon  (1460-1521). 

Bind/loose     (John),    sheriff's    clerk 
and  banker  at  Marchthorn. — Sir  \V. 
8t.  Bonarit  Welt  (time,  George  III.). 

Bingen  (Bish  nerally  cal  ea 

bishop  llatto.  The  tale  is  that"  during 
a  famine,  he  invited  the  poor  to  b 
on  a  certain  day,  under  the  plea  of  dis- 
tributing corn  to  them  ;  but  when  the 
bam  was  crowded  he  locked  the-  door 
and  set  lire  to  the   building  j    for  which 

iniquity  he  was  him— w  devoured  by  an 

army  of  mice  or  rats.  His  castle  is  the 
Mouse-tower  on  the  Rhine. 

They  almost  devour  nie  with  kuoe*. 

Their  arms  alxnit  me  entwine. 
Till  I  think  ..(  ■  I    ngen. 

In  lib  M..u>o  t-.wer  on  the  Khlne. 

Longfellow,  liirdi  of  Patiagm. 

Binks    (Sir   Bin  i --).    a    fox-hunting 
baronet,  and  visitor  at  the  Spa. 

Ijady   Binks,  wife   of    sir    Bingo,   but 
before  marriage  Miss    Rachael    Bonny- 
rigg.    Yi.-itor  at  tho  Spa  with  her  hus- 
band.—Six  \v.   Sett,   gt.  Bona*' 
(time,  George  III.). 

Bi'on,  the  rhetorician,  noted   for  hia 
acrimonious  and  sharp  sayi: 

BionU  soruionlbus  et  sale  nigra. 

Horace.  Hpist.  It  1  60. 

BiondelTo,  one  of  the  servai 
Lucentio  the  future    husband  of    Bianca 
(sister    of    "the    shrew").     His  fellow- 
servant  is  Tra'nio. — Shakespeare,  1 
of  the  Shrew  (161 

Birch   (Harvey),   a    prominent    cha- 
racter in    2  .    novel   by  .'.    F 

Cooper. 

Birch'ovcr    Lane     (London),    so 
called  from  Birchover,  the  buildi  r, 

ow  ned  the  houses  there. 

Bird  (  The  Little  Green),  of  the  I 

i  ,  which  could  reveal  evcr\ 

anil    impart   information   of    events 

.  or  to  come.     Prince  Chery  went 

in   search    of   it.    BO   did   his  two  cousins, 

Brightsun  and  Felix  :  last  of  all  Fairstar, 
who  succeeded  in  obtaining  it.  and  lite- 
ral in.;  the  princes  who  had  failed  in 
their     atb  ii  I  I'Aunoy, 

Fabry  Tales  (;«  Princess  Cheiy,"  ll  i 

Th is  tale   i  luction    of 

"The  Two  Sisters,       •■  last  tale 

.1  in    which    the    bird     i.i 

called  "Bulbul-he  ar,  the  talking  bixd." 

Bird   Singing  to  n  Monk.    The 
monk  Longfellow,   lh*Jen 


BIRD  TOLD  ME. 


108 


151  RUN. 


Bird  Told  Me  (A  Little).  "  A  bird 
of  the  air  shall  carry  the  voice,  and  that 
which  hath  wings  shall  tell  the  matter  " 
(Eccles.  x.  20).  In  the  old  Basque 
legends  a  "little  bird"  is  introduced 
"  which  tells  the  truth.'"  The  sisters  had 
deceived  the  king  by  assuring  him  that 
his  first  child  was  a  cat,  his  second  a  do</, 
and  his  third  a  bear;  but  the  "little 
bird"  told  him  the  truth — the  first  two 
were  daughters  and  the  third  a  son. 
This  little  truth-telling  bird  appears  in 
sundry  tales  of  great  antiquity  ;  it  is 
introduced  in  the  tale  of  "Princess 
Fairstar"  (Comtesse  D'Aunoy)  as  a 
"  little  green  bird  who  tells  everything  ;  " 
also  in  the  Arabian  Nights  (the  last  tale, 
called  "  The  Two  Sisters"). 

I  think  I  hear  a  little  bird  who  sings 

The  people  by-and-by  will  be  the  stronger. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  viil.  50  il«!l). 

When  Kenelm  or  Cenhelm  was  mur- 
dered by  the  order  of  his  sister  Cwen- 
thryth,  "at  the  very  same  hour  a  white 
dove  flew  to  Rome,  and,  lighting  on  the 
high  altar  of  St.  Peter's,  deposited  there 
a  Utter  containing  a  full  account  of  the 
murder."  So  the  pope  sent  nun  to  ex- 
amine into  the  matter,  and  a  chape]  was 
built  over  the  dead  body,  called  "St. 
Kenelm's  Chapel  to  this  day "  (Shrop- 
shire). 

Bire'no,  the  lover  and  subsequent 
husband  of  Olympia  quean  of  Holland. 
lie  was  taken  prisoner.  byCymosco  king 
of  Friza,  but  was  released  by  Orlando. 
Bireno,  having  forsaken  Olympia,  was 
put  to  death  by  Oberto  king  of  Ireland, 
who  married  the  young  widow. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furiuso,  Iv.  v.  (IMG). 

Bire'no  (Duke),  heir  to  the  crown  of 
Lombardy.  It  was  the  king's  wish  he 
should  marry  Sophia,  his  only  child,  but 
the  princess  loved  Pal'adore  (3  syi.),  a 
Briton.  Bireno  had  a  mistress  named 
Alin'da,  whom  he  induced  to  personate 
the  princess,  and  in  Paladore's  presence 
she  cast  down  a  rope-ladder  for  the  duke 
to  climb  up  by.  Bireno  has  Alinda 
murdered  to  prevent  the  deception  being 
known,  and  accuses  the  princess  of  in- 
ehastity — a  crime  in  Lombardy  punished 
by  death.  As  the  princess  in  led  to 
execution,  Paladore  challenges  the  duke, 
'and  kills  him.  The  villainy  is  fully  re- 
vealed, and  the  princess  is  married  to  the 
man  of  her  choice,  who  had  twice  saved 
her  life. — Robert  Jcphson,  The  Law  of 
Lombard)/  (1779). 

Birmingham  of  Belgium,  Liege. 


Birmingham  of  Russia,  Tula, 
south  of  Moscow. 

Birmingham  Poet  (The),  Johi; 
Freeth,  the  wit,  poet,  and  publican,  who 
wrote  his  own  songs,  set  them  to  music, 
and  sang  them  (17o0-1808). 

Biron,  a  merry  mad-cap  young  lord, 
in  attendance  on  Ferdinand  king  of 
Navarre.  Biron  promised  to  spend  three 
years  with  the  king  in  study,  during  which 
time  no  woman  was  to  approach  his 
court ;  but  no  sooner  has  he  signed  tho 
compact,  than  he  falls  in  love  with 
Rosaline.  Rosaline  defers  his  suit  for 
twelve  months  and  a  day,  saying,  "  If 
you  my  favour  mean  to  get,  for  twelve 
months  seek  the  weary  beds  of  people 
sick." 

A  merrier  man. 
Within  the  limit  of  I.e.  oming  mirth, 
]  never  ipent  an  hour's  talk  withal. 
Hi>  ().•  bttgiti  MOMloa  for  liis  wit: 
Kur  ev.  r.i  . .Iiji  .1  lint  the  OM  doth  catch. 
The  other  turns  to  ;i  mirth-moving  je-a  ; 
Which  his  fair  tongue  (conceit's  expositor) 
Delivers  in  UCJb  apt  MM  gracious  words. 
That  afed  car>  llay  truant  at  Ml  tales, 
Ami  younger  heatings  are  quite  ravished. 
Shakespeare,  Lvt.'i  Labour t  Lott.  act  ii.  sc.  1  11594V 

Biron  (Charles  de  Hontaut  due  de,, 
greatly  beloved  by  Henri  IV.  of  Franc*. 
lie  won  immortal  laurels  at  the  battles  of 
Arques  and  Ivry,  and  at  the  sieges  of 
Paris  and  Kouen.  The  king  loaded  him 
with  honours:  he  was  admiral  of  France, 
marshal,  governor  of  BouTgOyue,  duke 
and  peer  of  France.  This  too-much 
honour  made  him  forget  himself,  and  he 
entered  into  a  league  with  Spain  and 
Savoy  against  his  country.  The  plot 
was  discovered  by  Lafln  ;  and  although 
Henri  wished  to  pardon  him,  he  was 
executed  (ltitfi,  aged  40).  George  Chap- 
man has  made  him  the  subject  of  two 
tragedies,  entitled  Byron's  Conspiracy 
and  Byron1*  Tragedy  (1oo7-1G34). 

Biron,  eldest  son  of  count  Baldwin, 
who  disinherited  him  for  marrying  Isa- 
bella, a  nun.  Biron  now  entered  the 
army  and  was  sent  to  the  siege  of  Candy, 
wlnre  he  fell,  and  it  was  supposed  died. 
After  the  lapse  of  seven  years,  Isabella, 

reduced  to  abject  poverty,  married 
Yillerov  (J  syl.),  but  the  day  after  her 
espousals  Biron  returned  ;  whereupon 
Isabella  went  mad  and  killed  herself. 
— Thomas  Southern.  Isa'jella  or  t/te  Fatal 
Marriage. 

During  the  absence  of  the  elder  Mar  ready,  hU  son  took 
tin'  part  "of  "  Btron"  la  Itabttla.  The  father  wai 
because  he  desired  his  son  for  the  Church  ;  but  Mrs  Sid- 
doni  remarked  to  him,  "In  the  Church  your  son  wifl 
live  and  die  a  curate  on  .£50 a  year,  but  if  successful,  the 
I]  bring  bun  in  a  thousand."— Donaldson,  Xaoei 
lections. 


BIRON. 


109 


BLACK  AGNES. 


Biron  (Harriet),  the  object  of  sir 
Charles  Grandison's  affections. 

One  would  prefer  Pulclnea  del  Totxno  to  Htai  Biron  ai 
aoiui  as  Grandison  becomes  acquainted  with  the  unlablo, 
daMcaU),  virtuous,  unfortunate  Clementina.  —  A*/'*'-  of  the 
Edit,  on  the  Siory  of  Habib  and  Oor-irhif-jO'iMe. 

Birth.  It  was  lord  Thurlow  who 
called  high  birth  "the  accident  of  an 
accident." 

Birtha,  the  motherless  daughter  and 
only  child  of  As'tragon  the  Lombard 
philosopher.  In  spring  she  gathered 
blossoms  for  her  father's  still,  in  autumn 
berries,  and  in  summer  (lowers.  She  fell 
in  love  with  duke  Gondibert,  whose 
wounds  she  assisted  her  father  to  heal. 
Birtha,  "in  love  unpractised  and  unread," 
is  the  beau-ideal  of  innocence  and  purity 
of  mind.  Gondibert  had  just  plighted 
his  love  to  her  when  he  was  summoned  to 
court,  for  king  Aribert  had  proclaimed 
him  his  successor  and  future  son-in-law. 
Gondibert  assured  Birtha  he  would 
remain  true  to  her,  and  gave  her  an 
emerald  ring  which  he  told  her  would 
lose  its  lustre  if  he  proved  untrue.  Here 
the  title  breaks  oil',  and  as  it  was  never 
finished  the  sequel  is  not  known. — Sir 
W.  Daveuant,  Uuivlilxrt  (died  1008). 

Bise,  a  wind  prevalent  in  those 
valleys  of  Savoy  which  open  to  the  sea. 
It  especially  affects  the  nervous  system. 

Biser'ta,  formerly  called  U'tica,  in 
Africa.  The  Saracens  passed  from 
Biscrta  to  Spain,  and  Charlemagne  in 
800  undertook  a  war  against  the  Spanish 
Saracens.  The  Spanish  historians  assert 
that  he  was  routed  at  Fontarabia  (a 
Strong  town  in  Biscay)  ;  but  the  French 
maintain  that  he  was  victorious,  although 
they  allow  that  the  rear  of  his  army  was 
cut  to  pieces. 

Or  whnm  Blserta  nent  from  Afrlc  shore. 
When  CtutrlenulD  with  all  lib  peerage  fell 
By  Pontambl  i. 

Milton.  P.iradlio  Lost,  1.  535  (1865). 

Bishop.  Burnt  milk  is  called  by 
Tusser  "milk  that  the  bishop  doth  ban." 
Tyndali'  Bays  when  milk  or  porridge  is 
burnt  "we  save  the  bishope  hath  put  his 
fote  in  the  potte,"  and  explains  it  thus, 
"the  trishopes  bum  whom  they  lust." 

Bishops.  The  Beven  who  refused 
to  read  the  declaration  of  indulgence 
published  by  .lames  II.  and  were  by 
him  imprisoned  for  recusancy,  were  arch- 
bishop Bancroft  [Cant  rouri  \,  bishops 
Uovd  (.S7.  Asaph).  Turner  USly),  Kew 
(/i.ith  <u*l  Wells),  White  [Pet 
Ijikc  (Chichester),   Trelawney   (Bristol). 


Being    tried,    they    were    all    acquitted 

(June,  1088). 

Bishop  Middleham,  who  was 
always  declaiming  against  ardent  drinks, 
and  advocating  water  as  a  beverage 
killed  himself  by  secret  intoxication. 

Bisto'niari8,  the  Thracians,  so  called 
from  Biston  (son  of  Mars),  who  buil* 
Bisto'nia  on  lake  Bis'tonis. 

Bo  the  Bistonian  race,  a  maddening  train, 
Kxult  and  revel  m  the  Tliracian  plain. 

Pitt  <  Stuiut   ti 

Bit'elas  (3  tylX  sister  of  Fairlimb, 

and   daughter  of  Rukinaw   the   ape,   in 
the   beast-epic  called   Reynard   t . 
(1498). 

Bi'ting  Remark  (.4).  Near'chos 
ordered  Ze'no  the  philosopher  to  be 
pounded  to  death  in  a  mortar.  When  lie 
had  been  pounded  some  time,  he  told 
Mearchos  he  had  an  important  com- 
munication to  make  to  him,  but  as  the 
tyrant  bent  over  the  mortar  to  hear  what 
he  had  to  sav,  Zeno  bit  off  his  ear. 
Hence  the  proverb,  A  remark  more  bitin-j 
than  Zend's. 

Bit/tlebrains  (T^rd),  friend  of 
sir  William  Ashton,  lord-keeper  of  Scot- 
lam!. 

Lady  Pittlebrains,  wife  of  the  above 
lord. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammer- 
uvxjr  (time,  William  III.). 

Bit'zcr,  light  porter  in  Bounderby's 
bank  at  Coketown.      He  was  educated   at 

H'Choakumchild's    "practical    school, " 

and  became  a  general  spy  and  informer. 
Bit/.er  finds  out  the  robbery  of  the  bank, 
and  discovers  the  perpetrator  to  be  Tom 
Gradgrind  (son  of  Thomas  Gradgrind, 
Esq.,  M.P.),  informs  against  him,  and 
gets  promoted  to  Ids  place. — C  Dickens, 
Hard  Times  (1854). 

Bizarre  [/'czar'],  the  friend  of 
Orian'a,  forever  coquetting  and  sparring 
with  Duretete  [I'ure.tait],  and  placing 
him  in  awkward  predicaments). — (i.  l-'ar- 
quhar,  The  Inconstant  | ' , 

MiwF.  rmanrct  were  "  Bleure."  Man -h 

tho  :Mth.— iltmoin  •* 
frtf  (lt«H). 

Black  Arg'nes,  the  countess  I 
March,  noted  for  her  defence  of  Dunbar 

during  the  war  which  Edward  III.  main- 
tained in  Scotland  il... 

pi  a  .lir  In  |..w.  r  mm  I 

Cain-  I  .  irS 

I  ban  a  the  gate. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  tar*  :  "  The  couotaa  m  called  '  Blac» 


BLACK  AGNES. 


110 


BLACK  PRINCE. 


Agnes '  from  her  complexion.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
thomas  Randolph,  earl  of  Murray." — Tale*  of  a  Grand- 
/tttAur,  1.  14.     (See  lilACK  Pkince.) 

Black  Ag'nes,  the  favourite  palfrey  of 
Mary  queen  of  Scots. 

Black  Bartholomew,  the  day 
when  2000  presbyterian  pastors  were 
ejected.  They  had  no  alternative  but  to 
subscribe  to  the  articles  of  uniformity  or 
renounce  their  livings.  Amongst  their 
number  were  Calamy,  Baxter,  and  Rey- 
nolds, who  were  offered  bishoprics,  but 
refused  the  offer. 

Black  Bess,  the  famous  mare  of 
Dick  Turpin,  which  carried  him  from 
London  to  York. 

Black  Charlie,  sir  Charles  Napier 
(1780-1860). 

Black  Clergy  (The),  monks,  in 
contradistinction  to  The  White  Clergy,  or 
parish  priests,  in  Russia. 

Black  Colin  Campbell,  general 
Campbell,  in  the  army  of  George  III., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Redgauntiet, 

Black  Death,  fully  described  by 
Hecker,  a  German  physician.  It  was  a 
putrid  typhus,  and  was  called  Black 
JJeath  because  the  bodies  turned  black 
with  rapid  purification. — See  Comhill, 
May,  1805. 

In  1348-9,  at  least  half  of  the  entire 
population  of  England  died.  Thus  57,000 
out  of  00,000  died  in  Norwich  ;  7000 
out  of  10,000  died  in  Yarmouth  ;  17  out 
of  21  of  the  clergy  of  York  ;  2,500,000 
out  of  5,000,000  of  the  entire  population. 

Between  1347  and  1350,  one-fourth  of 
all  the  population  of  the  world  was 
carried  off  by  this  pestilence.  Not  less 
than  25,000,000  perished  in  Europe 
alone,  while  in  Asia  and  Africa  the 
mortality  was  even  greater.  It  came 
from  China,  where  fifteen  years  pre- 
viously it  carried  off  5,000,000*  In  Venice 
the  aristocratic,  died  100,000 ;  in  Florence 
the  refined,  60,000 ;  in  Paris  the  gay, 
60,000  ;  in  London  the  wealthy,  100,000  ; 
in  Avignon,  a  number  wholly  beyond 
calculation. 

N.B. — This  form  of  pestilence  never 
occurred  a  second  time. 

Black  Douglas,  William  Douglas, 
lora  of  Nithsdale,  who  died  1390. 

He  was  tall,  strong,  and  well  made,  of  a  swarthy  enm- 

tlexion,  with  dark  hair,  from  which  he  was  called  "The 
tlack  Douglas."— Sir   Walter  Scott,  Tali  of  a  Grand- 
'at/tar.  xL 

Black  Dwarf  (The),  of  sir  Walter 


Scott,  is  meant  for  David  Ritehie,  whose 
cottage  was  and  still  is  on  Manor  Water, 
in  the  county  of  Peebles. 

Black-eyed  Susan,  one  of  Dibdin's 
sea-songs. 

Black  Flag  (^4.)  was  displayed  by 
Tamerlane  when  a  besieged  city  refused 
to  surrender,  meaning  that  "  mercy  is 
now  past,  and  the  city  is  devoted  to  utter 
destruction." 

Black  George,  the  gamekeeper  in 
Fielding's  novel,  called  The  History  oj 
2'om  Junes,  a  Foundling  (1750). 

Black  George,  George  Petrowitech  of 
Scrvia,  a  brigand  ;  called  by  the  Turks 
Kara  George,  from  the  terror  he  in- 
spired. 

Black  Horse  (TJtc),  the  7th Dragoon 
Guards  (not  the  7th  Dragoons).  So 
called  because  their  facings  (or  collar  and 
cuffs)  are  black  velvet.  Their  plumes 
are  black  and  white ;  and  at  one  time 
their  horses  were  black,  or  at  any  rat* 
dark. 

Black  Jack,  a  large  flagon. 

But  oh,  oh,  oh  I  his  nose  doth  show 
How  oft  Black  Jack  to  his  lips  doth  go. 

Simon  tins  Ctttarer. 

Black  Knight  of  the  Black 
Lands  (The),  sir  Peread.  Called  by 
Tennyson  "Nighf'or  "Nox."  Hewasone 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
of  Castle  Dangerous,  and  was  overthrown 
by  sir  Gareth. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  120  (1470)  ;  Tennyson, 
Idylls  ("  Gareth  and  Lynette  "). 

Black  lord  Clifford,  John  ninth 
lord  Clifford,  son  of  Thomas  lord  Clifford. 
Also  called  "The  Butcher"  (died  1461). 

Black  Prince,  Edward  prince  of 
Wales,  son  of  Edward  III.  Froissnrt 
says  he  was  styled  black  "  by  terror  of  his 
arms"  (c.  169).  Similarly,  lord  Clifford 
was  called  "  The  Black  Lord  Clifford  "  for 
his  cruelties  (died  1461).  George  Petro- 
witsch  was  called  by  the  Turks  "  Black 
George"  from  the  terror  of  his  name. 
The  countess  of  March  was  called  "  Black 
Agnes  "  from  the  terror  of  her  deeds,  and 
not  (as  sir  W.  Scott  says)  from  her  dark 
complexion.  Similarly,  "The  Black  Sea," 
or  Axinus,  as  the  Greeks  once  called  it, 
received  its  name  from  the  inhospitable 
character  of  the  Scythians.  The  "  Black 
Wind,"  or  Sherki,  is  an  easterly  wind,  so 
called  by  the  Kurds,  from  its  being  such  a 
terrible  scourge. 


BLACK  RTVEE. 


Ill 


ULAM'D. 


Shirley  falls  into  the  general  errn: 

Our  ijreiit  tliinl  Klwiinl  .  .  .  an>l  lii.hmvu  Ma  ■  .  . 

tlUU  k  ;tr ir. 

Wwri  (A*  black  I'rince.  iv.  1  (KU"). 

Black  River  or  Axba'ra,  of  Africa, 

bo  called  from  tlic  quantity  of  lilack  earth 
brought  down  by  it  during  the  rain-. 
Thin  earth  is  deposited  on  the  surt 
the  country  in  the  overflow  of  the  Nile, 
and  hence  the  Atbara  is  regarded  as  the 
"  dark  mother  of  Egypt." 

Black  Sea  (Tin'),  once  called  by  the 
Greeks  Aximis  ("  inhospitable  "),  cither 
lveause  the  Scythians  on  its  coast  were 
inhospitable,  or  because  its  waters  were 
dangerous  to  navigation.  It  wis  after- 
wards called  Euxinus ("hospitable")  when 
the  Greeks  themselves  became  masters  of 
it.  The  Turks  called  it  The  lilack  Sea, 
cither  a  return  to  the  former  name 
'•  Axinus,"  or  from  the  abounding  black 
rock. 

Black  Thursday,  the  name  given 
in  the  colony  of  Victoria,  Australia, 
to  Thursday.  February  6,  1861,  when 
the  most  terrible  bush  lire  known  in  the 
annals  of  the  colony  occurred.  It  raged 
over  an  immense  area.  One  writer  in  the 
newspapers  of  the  time  said  that  he  rode  at 
headlong  speed  for  fifty  miles,  with  tire 
raging  on  each  side  of  his  route.  The 
beat  was  felt  far  out  at  sea,  and  many 
birds  fell  dead  on  the  decks  of  coasting 
Is.  The  destruction  of  animal  life 
and  farming  stock  in  this  conflagration 
was  enormous. 

Blacks  (The),  an  Italian  faction  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  The  Guelj 
Florence  were  divided  into  the 
who  wished  to  open  their  gates  to  Charles 
de  Valois,  anil  the  Whitei  who  opposed 
him.  Dante  the  poet  was  a  ''  White," 
and  as  the  "  Blacks "  were  the  pre- 
dominant party,  he  was  exiled  in  1802, 
and  during  his  exile  wrote  his  immortal 
poem,  the  JJiciii-i  Com 

Black'acre    ( WtdowY   a  masculine, 
litigious,    pettifogging,   headstrong    wo- 
man.—  Wycherly,     The     Plain 
(1677). 

Blaekchestor     ( .'  •    of), 

of  lord   I  ralgarno.     Sir  W. 
f'tirtun  '  time,  Jamc  1 1.). 

Black friar's  Bridge  (Londoi 
sues  called  "  Pitt's  Bnd  re."     I 
the  bridge  built  by  I:.  Ifylne  in  1780,  but 

the   tame  never   found    favour   wi( 
jcreral  public. 


Blackguards   (Victor   Engo  says), 
soldiers  condemni 

discipline  to  n  eat   I  which 

were  lined  with  black)  Tin 

French  equh  i  *  ■**«■ 

— V Homme  qui  Bit,  II.  iii.  1. 

It  is  quite  imp  lieve  this  to 

be    the    true    derivation    of    the    word. 
Other    -  will  be    found  in  the 

Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fa 

Blackless  <  Tomalin),  a  soldier  in  tho 
guard  of  Richard  I  m. — Sir  W. 

Scott,  T/te  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Blackmantle     {Bernard 
Midi,  iv  Westmacott,  author  of  The  English 
Spy  {11 

Black'pool  [Stephen),  a  power-loom 
weaver  in  Bounderby's  mill  at  Coketown. 

lie  had  a  knitted  brow  and  pondering 
don  of  face,  was  a  man  of  the 
strictest  integrity,  refused  to  join  the 
strike,  and  was  turned  out  of  the  mill. 
When  Tom  Gradgrind  robbed  the  bank  of 
£150,  he  threw  suspicion  on  Btephen 
Blackpool,  and  while  Stepht  □  w  as 
ingto  Cokeburn  to  vindicate  himself  he 

fell    into   a   shaft,    known  as   "the    Hell 

Shaft,"  and,  although   rescued,   d  i 
a     litter.      Stephen     Blackpool 
Rachael,    one    of    the  hands,    but    had 
already   a  drunken,   worthless   wife. — C. 
Dickens,  Hard  1 

Blacksmith  (The  Flemish),  Qnentin 

Matsys,  the  Dutch  paint,  r  (1  160    I 

led),  Klihu  Hurritt, 

i  -  ill-       ). 

Blacksmith's    Daughter 
lock  and  key. 

PIkco  it  under  the  c.irr  of  the  blxrksnilh'i  daiigh'.rr  — 
CDUkmu,  PaU  tf  Tmo  OUtm 

Blackwood's     Magazine.      The 
vignette  on  the  wrapper  of  tins  ma 
■••  Buchanan,  the  3 
historian    and    pod    |  1606    1  582).      Be    it 
the    repnscntatiw  9  lh   literature 

•  Jly. 
The  magazine  originated  in  1817  with 

William    blackwood  Of    Edinburgh,  pub- 
lisher. 

Blad'derakate    </<-"h    a'"1    1"ri1 
Kaimee,  the  two  judges  in  Pt 

lawsuit.      Sir      W. 
(tin..  '!!.). 

Bla'dtt'l.  fatht  r  of  king  Lear.    Geof- 
frey   of    Monmouth    says    that     I'dadud. 

attempting  to  fly,  fell  on  the  toank  »i 

I    Apollo,  an.!  •   :  to  piece*.     BSJsM 


BLAIR. 


112 


BLATANT  BEAST. 


when  Lear  swears  "By  Apollo"  he  is 
reminded  that  Apollo  was  no  friend  of 
me  kind's  (act  i.  sc.  I).  Bladud,  says  the 
Btory,  built  Bath  (once  called  Badon), 
and  dedicated  to  Minerva  the  medicinal 
Bpring,  which  is  called  "  Bladud's  Well." 

Blair  (Adam),  the  hero  of  a  novel  by 
J.  G.  Lockhart,  entitled  Adam  Blair,  a 
Story  of  Scottish  Life  (1794-1854). 

Blair  (Father  Clement),  a  Carthusian 
n.onk,  confessor  of  Catherine  Glover, 
"the  fair  maid  of  Perth." — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Berth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Blair  [Rev.  David),  sir  Richard  Philips, 
author  of  The  Universal  Preceptor  (1816), 

Mother's  Question  Book,  etc.  He  issued 
books  under  a  legion  of  false  names. 

Blaise,  a  hermit,  who  baptized  Merlin 
the  enchanter. 

Blaine  (St.),  patron  saint  of  wool- 
combers,  because  he  was  torn  to  pieces 
with  iron  combs. 

Blanche  (1  sy/.),  one  of  the  domestics 
of  lady  Eveline  '•[he  betrothed." — Sir 
\\  .  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry 
II.). 

Blanche  (La  reinc),  the  queen  of 
France  during  the  first  six  weeks  of  her 
widowhood.  During  this  period  of 
mourning  she  spent  her  time  in  a  closed 
room,  lit  only  by  a  wax  taper,  and  was 
dressed  wholly  in  white.  Mary,  the 
widow  of  Louis  XII.,  was  called  La  reine 
Blanche  dating  her  days  of  mourning, 
and  is  sometimes  (but  erroneously)  so 
called  afterwards. 

Blanche  (Lady)  makes  a  vow  with 
lady  Anne  to  die  an  old  maid,  and  of 
course  falls  fiver  head  anil  ears  in  love 
with  Thomas  Blount,  a  jeweller's  son,  who 
enters  the  army  and  becomes  a  colonel. 
She  is  very  handsome,  ardent,  brilliant, 
and  fearless. — S.  Knowles,  Old  Maids 
(1841). 

Blanche'fleur  (2  syl.),  the  heroine 
of  Boccaccio's  prose  romance  called  It 
Ftlopoco.  Her  lover  "  Flores"  is  Boccaccio 
himself,  and  "  Blanchefleur *'  was  the 
daughter  of  king  Robert.  The  story  of 
Blanchefleur  and  Flores  is  substantially 
the  same  as  that  of  Dor'igen  and  Awrelrus, 
by  Chaucer,  and  that  of  "  Diano'ra  and 
Ansaldo,"  in  the  Decameron. 

Bland'amour  (Sir),  a  man  of 
v*  mickle  might,"  who  "  bore  great  sway 
in  arms  and  chivalry,"  but  was  both 
vainglorious  and  insolent.     He  attacked 


Brit'omart,  but  was  discomfited  by  net 
enchanted  spear  ;  he  next  attacked  sir 
Ferraugh,  and  having  overcome  him  took 
from  him  the  lady  who  accompanied  him, 
"the  False  Florimel." — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  iv.  1  (lo'Jii). 

Blande'ville  (Lady  Emily),  a 
neighbour  of  the  Waverley  family, 
afterwards  married  to  colonel  Talbot. — 
Sir   \V.    Scott,     Waverley    (time,    Gtorge 

Bland'ford,  the  father  of  Belin'da, 
who  he  promised  sir  William  Belimont 
should  marry  his  son  George.  But 
Belinda  was  in  love  with  Beverley,  and 
■  Belimont  with  Clarissa  (Beverley's 
sister).  Ultimately  matters  arranged 
themselves,  so  that  the  lovers  mamed 
according  to  their  inclinations. — A. 
Murphy,  All  in  the  Wrong  (1701). 

Blan'diman,thefaithful  man-servant 
of  the  fair  Bellisant,  and  her  attendant 
after  her  divorce. —  Valentine  and  Orson. 

Blandi'na,  wife  of  the  churlish 
knight  Turpin,  who  refused  hospitality 
to  sir  Calepine  and  his  lady  Sere'na 
(canto  3).  She  had  "the  art  of  a  Bnasive 
tongue,"  and  most  engaging  manners,  but 
"  her  words  were  only  words,  and  all  her 
tears  were  water"  (canto  7). — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iv.  (1 

Blandish,  a  "  practised  parasite." 
His  sister  says  to  him,  ''May  you  find 
but  half  your  own  vanity  in  those  you 
have  to  work  on  !  "  (act  i.  1). 

Miss  Letitia  Blandish,  sister  of  the 
above,  a  fawning  time.-ervcr.  who  sponges 
on  the  wealthy.  She  especially  toadies 
Miss  Alscrip  "  the  heiress,"  flattering 
her  vanity,  fostering  her  conceit,  and 
encouraging  her  vulgar  affectations. — 
General  Burgoyne,  The  Heiress  (1781). 

Blane  (Niell),  town  piper  and  pub- 
lican. 

Jenny  Blane,  his  daughter. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bla'ney,  a  wealthy  heir,  ruined  by 
dissipation. — Crabbe,  Boroiujh. 

Blarney  (Lady),  one  of  the  fl»sh 
women  introduced  by  squire  Thornhill  to 
the  Primrose  family. — Goldsmith,  Ykar 
of  Wakefield  (1766). 

Blas'phemous  Balfour.  Sir  Jamea 
Balfour,  the  Scottish  judge,  was  so  called 
from  his  apostacy  (died  1583). 

Bla'tant  Beast  (The),  the  per- 
sonification     of      siandcr      or      public 


BLATHERS  AND  DUFF. 


113 


BLIND  BEGGAR. 


opinion.  The  beast  had  100  tongues  and  a 
sting.  SirArtegal  muzzled  the  monster, 
and  dragged  it  to  Faery-land,  but 
it  broke  loose  and  regained  its  liberty. 
Subsequently  sir  Cal'idore  (3  syl. 
in  quest  of  it.— Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
v.  and  vi.  (15%). 

•J*  "Mrs.  Grundy"  is  tlie  modern 
name  of  Spenser's  "  Blatant  Beast." 

Blath'ers  and  Duff,  detectives  who 
investigate  the  burglary  in  which  Bill 
Sikes  had  a  hand.  Blather  relates  the 
tale  of  Conkev  duckweed,  who  robbed 
himself  of  327  guineas.— C.  Dickens, 
Oliver  Ticist  (1837). 

Blat'tererowl  {The  See.  Mr.), 
minister  of  Trotcosey,  near  Monkbarns.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time, 
Elizabetli). 

Bleoding-heart  Yard    (London). 

So  called  because  it  was  the  place  where 
the  devil  cast  the  bleeding  heart  of  lady 
Hatton  (wife  of  the  dancing  chancellor), 
after  he  had  torn  it  out  of  her  body  with 
his  claws.— Dr.  Mackay,  Extraordinary 
Popular  Delusions. 

Blefus'ca,  an  island  inhabited  by 
pigmies.  It  was  situated  north-east  of 
LUliput,  from  which  it  was  parted  by  a 
channel  800  yards  wide.— Dean  Swift, 
(Juilircr's  1'ravets  (17:>t>). 

•'  Blefusca"  Is  France,  an.l  tlio  Inhabitant! Of  tlu>  Lillipu- 
tian court,  which  forced  Gulliver  to  take  iheltar  there 
rather  than  bare  hh  eyee  i»it  oat,  li  an  liidlreel  reproach 
uiH.n  that  [atojol  England,  and  ■  vindication  ofthe  night 
ofOnnond  and  Bollngbroka  i"  Paita.— Sb  W.  Boott 

Bloiae  (1  syl.)  of  Northumberland, 
historian  of  king  Arthur's  period. 

Merlin  told   Blolat  DOW  kins'  Arthur  had  iped  at  the 
great  Ivitile.  and  bow  the  battle  ended,  and  told  him  the 
:  even  king  an.l  knlghl  ■  •<  worship  that  wa«  there. 
An.l  Bleb,  wrote  the  battle  w,,r,l  for  word  ai  Merlin  told 
him  imw  It  began  and  I  'dad.  and 

who  bad  the  wont,    All  the  battlea  thai  war 
khu;  Arthur"!  day*  Merlin  eauaed  B  i 
Al.i  be  i  au  ■  >l  i  Im  to  write   ,:<  thi 
worth]  knlghl  did  ..f  king  Arthur-,  court.— Sir  T.  Malory. 
i/«r..ry  ,,/  Prinet  Arthur,  1.  is  IU70). 

Blera'mye8  (8  syl.),  a  people  of 
Africa,  fabled  to  have  no  head,  but 
having  eyes  and  mouth  in  the  breast. 
(See  GAORA.) 

Rlnninris  Inwluntur  capita  ahesie.  ore  et  oculli  pcctorl 
aflliU.-l'lliiy. 

Ctesias  speaks    of   a  people   of   India 
n.nr  the  Ganges,  tine  oer\ 
humerii  haberMs.     Mela  also  refers  to  a 
people  quibui  capita  et  vultut  in  \ 

Wilt. 

Blenheim  Spaniels.     The  Oxford 

died,  because  for  many 

years  they  obediently  supported  any  candi- 


date which  the  duke  of  Marlborough  com- 
manded  them  to  return.  Lockhart  broke; 
through  this  custom  by  telling  the  people 
the  fable  of  the  Dog  an  i  ,     The 

do  ',    it   will  be  remembered,  had   on  hi  J 
neck   the   marks    of    his   collar,    ami    the 
1  he  preferred  liberty. 
(The  race  of  the  little  dog  called  the 
Blenheim  spaniel,  has  bei  level 

since  Blenheim  House  was  built  fox  thf 
duke  of  Marlborough  in  17<U.) 

Blet'son  {Master  Joshua),  one  of  the 
three  parliamentary   commissioner 
by  Cromwell  with  a  warrant  to  leave  th* 
royal  lodge  to  the  Lee  family. — Sir  W. 
Scott,    Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Bli'fil,  a  note, 1  character  in  Fielding's 
novel  entitled  The  History  of  Turn  Junes, 
a  Foundling  (1750). 

*„*  Blinl  is  the  original  of  Sheridan's 
"Joseph  Surface,"  in  the  School  fw 
Scandal  (1777;. 

Bligh.     ( William),     captain     of     the 

well  known  for  the  mutiny, 

headed  by  Fletcher  Christian,  the  mats 

Blimber  (/''"•),  head  of  a  school  for 
the  sons  of  gentlemen,  at  Brighton.     It 

was  a  select  bcI 1  for  ten  pupils  only; 

but  there  was  learning  enough  for  ten 
times  ten.  "Mental  green  peas  were 
produced  at  Christmas,  and  intellectual 
asparagus  all  the  year  round."  The 
doctor  was  really  a  ripe  scholar,  and  truly 
kind-hearted  ;  but  bis  great  fault  was 
over  tasking    his   boys,   and   not 

when    the    bOW   WBS   too   much    stretched. 

Paul  Dombey,  a  delicate  hid,  succumbed 
to  this  strong  mental  pressure, 

Mrs.  Blimber,  wife  of  the  doctor,  not 
leannd.  but  wished    to  be  thouf 
Her  pride  was  to  see  the  boys  in  the 
largest  possible  collars    and  stiffesl 
Bible   cravats,  which  she   deemed   highly 
classical. 

tnber,  the  doctor's  daughtei, 
a  slim  young  lady,  who  kept  her  hair 
short  and  wore  spects  Hiss  Blimber 

"had    00    nonsense    about    her,"    I 
grown  "dry  and  sandy   with   working  in 
the  graves  of  dead  langu  S  le mar- 

ried   Mr.    Feeder,    l'..A..    I>r.    Blimber'a 
-('.     Dickens,     .  •- . 

■ 
Blind      Beggar     <~>f     Bethnal 

Green,     Hi  and    heir 

I    de     Monti",, rt.       At    the    bal 

Evesham  the  barons  were  route, i,  M,,n> 


BLIND  CHAPEL  COURT. 


114 


BLOODS. 


fort  slain,  and  his  son  Henry  left  on  the 
field  for  dead.  A  baron's  daughter  dis- 
covered the  young  man,  nursed  him  with 
care,  and  married  him.  The  fruit  of  the 
marriage  was  "pretty  Bessee,  the  beg- 
gar's daughter."  Henry  de  Montfort 
assumed  the  garb  and  semblance  of  a 
blind  beggar,  to  escape  the  vigilance  of 
king  Henry's  spies. 

Day  produced,  in  1650,  a  drama  called 
77m?  lilind  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green,  and 
S.  Knowles.  in  1834,  produced  his 
fimended  drama  on  the  same  subject. 
There  is  [or  was],  in  the  Whitechapel 
Road  a  public-house  sign  called  the 
Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green. — History 
of  Sujn-boards. 

Blind  Chapel  Court  (Mark  Lane, 
London),  is  a  corruption  of  Blanch  Apple- 
[ton].  In  the  reign  of  Richard  II.  it  was 
part  of  the  manor  of  a  knight  named 
Appleton. 

Blind  Emperor  (The),  Ludovig 
III.  of  Germany  (880,  890-931). 

Blind   Harper   (The),  John  Parrv, 

who  died  17.i!». 

John  Stanlcv,  musician  and  composer, 
was  blind  from  his  birth  (1713-1786). 

Blind  Harry,    a    Scotch    minstrel 
of  the  fifteenth   century,  blind  from   in- 
fancy.    His  epic  of  Sir  William  PI 
runs  to  11,861  lines.     He  was  minstrel  in 
the  court  of  James  IV. 

Blind  Mechanician  (The).    Jobs 

Strong,  a  great  mechanical  genius,  was 
blind  from  his  birth.  He  died  at  Carlisle, 
aged  66  (1732-1798). 

Blind  Poet  {Th»\  Luigi  Groto,  an 
Italian  poet  called  A  Cieco  (154l-l.r>s,",j. 
John  Milton  (1608-1671). 

Homer  is  called  The  Blind  Old  Bard 
(fl.  B.C.  960). 

Blind  TraveUer  (The),  lieutenant 
James  Holman.  He  became  blind  at  the 
age  of  26,  but  notwithstanding  travelled 
round  the  world,  ami  published  an  account 
of  his  travels  (1787-1857). 

Blin'kinsop,  a  smuggler  in  Red- 
gauntlet,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott  (time, 
George  111.). 

Blister,  the  apothecary,  who  says 
"  Without  physicians,  no  ono  could  know 
whether  he  was  well  or  ill.""  He  courts 
Lucy  by  talking  shop  to  her. — Fielding, 
The  Virjin  Umnas/uxt. 


Blithe-Heart  King  (Ifte).  David 
is  so  called  by  Caedmon. 

Those  lovely  lyrics  written  by  his  hand 
Whom  Saxon  Ceedmon  calls  "  The  Ulitheheart  King.' 
Longfellow.  The  Poet't  Tale  (ret  is  to  I'talm  cxlriii.  »). 

Block  (Martin),  one  of  the  committee 
of  the  Estates  of  Burgundy,  who  refuse 
supplies  to  Charles  the  Bold,  duke  of 
Burgundy. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier- 
stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Blok  (Xik/cel),  the  butcher,  one  of  the 
insurgents  at  Liege. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
Qwntin  JJuruard  (time,  Edward  TV.). 

Blondel  de  Nesle  [Xeef],  the 
favourite  trouvere  or  minstrel  of  Richard 
(our  de  Lion.  He  chanted  the  Bloody 
Vent  in  presence  of  queen  Berengaria,  the 
lovely  Edith  Plantagenet. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Blon'dina,  the  mother  of  Fairstar 
and  two  boys  at  one  birth.  Sh<  was  the 
wife  of  a  kin:;,  but  the  queen-mother 
hated  her,  ami  taking  away  the  three 
substituted  three  puppies.  Ulti- 
mately her  children  were  restored  to  her, 
and  the  queen-mother  with  her  accom- 
plices were  duly  punished. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Princess  Fair- 
star,"  1 

Blood  (Colonel  Thomas),  emissary  of 
the  duke  of  Buckingham  (1628-1680), 
introduced  by  sir  \V.  Scott  in  l'everil  of 
the  Peak,  a  novel  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Blood-Bath  (1520),  a  massacre  of 
the  Swedish  nobles  and  leaders,  which 
occurred  three  days  after  the  coronation 
of  Christian  II.  king  of  Denmark, 
Sweden,  and  Norway.  The  victim-:  « I  re 
invited  to  attend  the  coronation,  and 
were  put  to  the  sword,  under  the  plea  of 
U  m_:  enemies  of  the  true  Church.  Tu 
this  massacre  fell  both  the  father  and 
brother-in-law  of  (iu-tavus  Vasa.  Tne 
former  was  named  Eric  Johansson,  and 
the  latter  I'.rahe  (2  s;/l.). 

This  massacre  reminds  us  of  the 
"  Bloody  Wedding,"  or  slaughter  of 
huguenots  during  the  marriage  cere- 
monies of  Henri  of  Navarre  and  Mar- 
garet of  France,  in  1572. 

Bloods  (The  Fire) :  (1)  The  O'Neils 
of  Ulster;  (2)  the  O'Connors  of  Con- 
naught;  (3)  the  O'Briens  of  Thorn ond  ; 
(•I)  the  O'Lachlana  of  Heath:  and  (5) 
the  M'Murroughs  of  Leinster.  These  sn> 
the  live  principal  septa  or  families  of 
Ireland,  and  all  not  belonging  to  one  of 
these  five  septs  are  accounted  aliens  or 


BLOODY. 


115 


BLOUNT. 


enemies,  and  could  "neither  sue  nor  be 
sued,"  even  down  to  the  reign  of  Eliza- 
beth. 

"William  Fitz-Roger,  being  arraigned 
(4th  Edward  II.)  for  the  murder  of 
Roger  de  Cantilon,  pleads  that  he  was 
not  guilty  of  felony,  because  his  victim 
was  not  of  "free  blood,"  i.e.  one  of  the 
"five  bloods  of  Ireland."  The  plea  is 
admitted  by  the  jury  to  be  good. 

Roliertus  de  Waley,  trie<l  at  Waterford  for  slaying  John 
M'liiilimorry,  in  the  tiniu  of  Edward  II..  confessed  the 
tact,  but  pleaded  that  he  could  not  thereby  have  com- 
mitted felony,  "because  the  deceased  was  a  mere  Irish- 
maii,  and  not  one  of  the  five  bloods." — Sir  John  Davies. 

Bloody  (The),  Otho  II.  emperor  of 
Germany  (955,  973-983). 

Bloody -Bones,  a  bogie. 

As  bad  as  Bloody-bones  or  Lunsford  {i.e.  sir  Thomas 
Lunsford.  governor  of  the  Tower,  the  dread  of  every  one). 
— S.  liuUer,  Uudibrcu. 

Bloody  Brother  (The),  a  tragedy 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1G39).  The 
"  bloody  brother  "  is  Rollo  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, who  kills  his  brother  Otto  and 
several  other  persons,  but  is  himself 
killed  ultimately  by  Hamond  captain  of 
the  guard. 

Bloody  Butcher  (The),  the  duke 
of  Cumberland,  second  son  of  George  II., 
bo  called  from  his  barbarities  in  the  sup- 
pression of  the  rebellion  in  favour  of 
Charles  Edward,  the  young  pretender. 
"  Black  Clifford  "  was  also  called  "The 
Butcher  "  for  his  cruelties  (died  1461). 

Bloody  Hand,  Cathal,  an  ancestor 
of  the  O'Connors  of  Ireland. 

Bloody  Mary,  queen  Mary  of  Eng- 
land, daughter  of  Henry  VI 11.  and  elder 
hilf-sister  of  queen  Elizabeth.  So  called 
on  account  of  the  sanguinary  persecutions 
carried  on  by  her  against  the  protcstants. 
It  is  said  that  200  persons  were  burnt  to 
death  in  her  short  reign  (15K!,  1553- 
1558). 

Bloody  Wedding  (The),  that  of 
Henri  of  Navarre  with  Margaret,  sister 
of  Charles  IX.  of  France.  Catherine  de 
Medicis  invited  all  the  chief  protcstant 
nobles  to  this  wedding,  but  on  the  eve  of 
the  festival  of  St.  Bartholomew  (August 
?!,  1672),  a  general  onslaught  was  made 
on  all  the  protestants  of  Paris,  and  next 
day  the  same  massacre  was  extended  to 
the  provinces.  The  number  which  fell 
ia  this  wholesale  slaughter  has  been  esti- 
mated at  between  30,000  and  70,000  per- 
sons of  both  sexes. 

Bloomfield  (Louisa),  a  young  lady 


1  to  lord  Totterly  the  beau  of 
60,  but  in  love  with  Charles  Danyers  the 
embryo  barrister. — C.  Belby,  TU  Un- 
finished Gentleman, 

Blount  (Nicholas),  afterwards  kni-ht- 
ed  ;  master  of  the  horse  t<>  the  earl  of 
Sussex.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Blount  (Sir  Frederick),  a  distant  rela- 
tive of  sir  John  Vesey.  He  bad  a  great 
objection  to  the  letter  r,  which  1  u 
sidered  "wough  and  wasping."  He 
dressed  to  perfection,  and  though  not 
"wich,"  prided  himself  on  having  the 
"best  opewa-box,  the  best  dogs,  the  best 
horses,  and  the  best  house"  of  any  one. 
He  liked  Georgina  Vesey,  and  as  she  had 
£10,000  he  thought  he  should  do  himself 
no  harm  bv  "  mawywing  the  girl." — Lord 
L.  Bulwer  Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Blount  (3faster),  a  wealthy  jeweller 
of  Ludgate  Hill,  London.  An  old- 
fashioned  tradesman,  not  ashamed  of  his 
calling.  He  had  two  sons,  John  and 
Thomas  ;  the  former  was  1: is  favourite. 

Mistress  Blount,  his  wife.  A  shrewd, 
discerning  woman,  who  loved  her  son 
Thomas,  and  saw  in  him  the  elements  of 
a  rising  man. 

John  Blount,  eldest  son  of  the  Ludgate 
jeweller.  Being  left  successor  to  his 
father,  he  sold  the  goods  and  set  up  for  a 
man  of  fashion  and  fortune.  His  vanity 
and  snobbism  were  most  i,rross.  He  had 
good-nature,  but  more  cunning  than  dis- 
cretion, thought  himself  far-seeing,  but 
was  most  easily  duped.  "The  phaeton 
was  built  alter  my  design,  my  lord,"  he 
savs,  "mayhap  /our  lordship  has  seen  it." 
"Sly  taste  is  driving,  my  lord,  mayhap 
your  lordship  has  seen  me  handle  the 
"ribbons."  "  My  horses  are  all  bl 
mayhap  your  lordship  has  noticed  my 
team."  "1  pride  m>  self  on  my  seat  in 
the  saddle,   mayhap  your   lordship  has 

seen    me  ride."      "Ill    am    superlative   in 

anything,  'tis  in  my  wines."    ••  So  please 

your  ladyship,  'tis  dress  1  most  excel  in. 
,  .  .  'tis  walking  1  pride  myself  in." 
No  matter  what  is  mentioned,  'tis  the  one 
thing  he  did  or  had  better  than  any  one 
else.  This  conceited  foo]  wns  duped  into 
believing  a  parcel  of  men-servants  to  be 

'lords  and  dukes,  and  made  love  t<  ■ 
lady's  maid,  supposing  her  to  t>»  a 
countess. 

U  Blount,  John's  brother,  and  use 

of  nature's  gentlemen.     Be  entered  the 

army,    became    a    colonel,    and     married 


BLOUZELINDA. 


116 


BLUE-GOWNS. 


lady  Blanche.  He  is  described  as  having 
"a  lofty  forehead  for  princely  thought  to 
dwell  in,  eyes  for  love  or  war,  a  nose  of 
Grecian  mould  with  touch  of  Rome,  a 
mouth  like  Cupid's  bow,  ambitious  chin 
dimpled  and  knobbed." — S.  Knowles, 
Old  Maids  (1841). 

Blouzelin'da  or  Bi.owzki.inda,  a 
shepherdess  in  Love  with  Lobbin  Clout, 
in  The  Shepherd's  Week. 

My  Blouzelinda  is  the  hlithest  lass, 
Thau  primrose  sweeter,  or  the  clover-t^rass  ,  .  . 
My  Blonzellnd'a  t)i:ti>  gUllflowsr  more  fair, 
Than  daUe,  marygold,  or  klugcup  rare. 

Gay,  I'nitoral.  i.  (1714) 
Sweet  is  my  toil  when  Blowzelind  is  near, 
Of  her  bereft  'tis  winter  all  the  year  .  .  . 
Come,  BknrzeUnda,  ease  0»>  swain's  dealro, 
My  summers  shadow,  and  my  winter's  fire. 

Ditto, 

Blower  (Mrs.  Margaret),  the  ship- 
owner's widow  at  the  Spa.  She  marries 
Dr.  Quackleben,  "the  man  of  medicine" 
(one  of  the  managing  committee  at  the 
Spa). — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Iionaris  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Blucher  was  nicknamed  "  Marshal 
Forwards  "  for  his  dash  and  readiness  in 
the  campaign  of  1813. 

Blue  (Dark),  Oxford  boat  crew.  (See 
Boat  Colours.) 

Blue  (Lii/hL),  Cambridge  boat  crew. 
(See  Boat  Colours.) 

Blue  {True).  When  it  is  said  that  any- 
thing or  person  is  True  blue  or  True  as 
Coventry  blue,  the  reference  is  to  a  blue 
cloth  and  blue  thread  made  in  Coventry, 
noted  for  its  fast  colour.  Lincoln  was  no 
less  famous  for  its  green  cloth  and  dye. 

True  Blue  has  also  reference  to  un- 
tainted aristocratic  descent.  This  is  de- 
rived from  the  Spanish  notion  that  the 
really  high  bred  have  bluer  blood  than 
tlif.se  of  meaner  race.  Hence  the  French 
phrases,  San<j  bleu  ("  aristocratic  blood  "), 
S<irujnoir  ("  plebeian  blood  "),  etc. 

Blue  Beard  (La  Barbe  Bleue),  from 
the  contes  of  Charles  Perrault  (lii'.i?). 
The  chevalier  Raoul  is  a  merciless  tyrant, 
with  a  blue  beard.  His  young  wife  is 
entrusted  with  all  the  keys  of  the  castle, 
with  strict  injunctions  on  pain  of  death 
not  to  open  one  special  room.  During 
the  absence  of  her  lord  the  "forbidden 
fruit"  is  too  tempting  to  be  resisted,  the 
door  is  opened,  and  the  young  wife  finds 
the  floor  covered  with  the  dead  bodies  of 
her  husband's  former  wives.  She  drops 
the  key  in  her  terror,  and  can  by  no 
means  obliterate  from    it   the  stain   of 


blood.  Blue  Beard,  on  his  return,  com- 
mands her  to  prepare  for  death,  but  by 
the  timely  arrival  of  her  brothers  her  life 
is  saved  and  Blue  Beard  put  to  death. 

Dr.  C.  Taylor  thinks  Blue  Beard  is  a 
type  of  the  castle-lords  in  the  days  of 
knight-errantry.  Some  say  Henry  VIII. 
(the  noted  wife-killer)  was  the  "  academy 
figure."  Others  think  it  was  Giles  de 
Ketz,  marquis  de  Laval,  marshal  of 
France  in  1429,  who  (according  to  Me'ze- 
ray)  murdered  six  of  his  seven  wives, 
and  was  ultimately  strangled  in  1440. 

Another  solution  is  that  Blue  Biard 
was  count  Conomar',  and  the  young  wile 
Triphy'na,  daughter  of  count  Guerech. 
Count  Conomar  was  lieutenant  of  Brit- 
tany in  the  reign  of  Childebert.  M. 
Hippolyte  Violean  assures  us  that  in  I860, 
during  the  repairs  of  the  chapel  of  St. 
Nicolas  de  Bieuzy,  some  ancient  frescoes 
were  discovered  with  scenes  from  the  life 
of  St.  Triphyna:  (1)  The  marriage;  (2) 
the  husband  caking  leave  of  his  young 
wife  and  entrusting  to  her  a  key  ;  (3)  a 
room  with  an  open  door,  through  which 
are  seen  the  corpses  of  Bev-en  women 
banging:  (4)  the  husband  threatening  his 

wife,  while  another  female  [sister  Anne] 
is  looking  out  of  a  window  above;  (.r>) 
the  husband  has  placed  a  halter  round  the 
neck  of  his  victim,  but  the  friends,  accom- 
panied by  St.  (iihlas,  abbot  of  Rhuys  in 
Brittany,  arrive  just  in  time  to  rescue 
the  future  saint.—  .  feBretagne. 

(Ludwig  Ticck  brought  out  a  drama  in 
Berlin,  on  the  story  of  Blue  Beard.  The 
incident  about  the  keys  and  the  doors  is 
similar  to  that  mentioned  by  "The  Third 
Calender"  in  the  Arabian  Nights.  The 
forty  princesses  were  absent  for  forty 
days,  and  gave  king  Agib  the  keys  of  the 
palace  during  their  absence.  He  had 
leave  to  enter  every  room  but  one.  His 
curiosity  led  him  to  open  the  forbidden 
chamber  and  mount  a  horse  which  he  saw 
there.  The  horse  carried  him  through  the 
air  far  from  the  palace,  and  with  a  whisk 
of  its  tail  knocked  out  his  right  eye. 
The  same  misfortune  had  befallen  ten 
other  princes,  who  warned  him  of  the 
danger  before  he  started.) 

Blue  Flag  (A)  in  the  Roman  empire 
was  warning  of  danger.  Livy  speaks  of 
it  in  his  Annals. 

Blue-Gowns.  Kind's  bedesmen  or 
privileged  Scotch  mendicants,  were  sc 
called  from  their  dress.  On  the  king's 
birthday  each  of  these  bedesmen  had 
given   to  him   a  cloak  of    blue  cloth,  a 


BLUE  HEN. 


117 


BOANKk'-I.-. 


penny  for  every  year  of  the  king's  life, 
h  loaf  of  bread,  and  a  bottle  of  ale.  No 
new  member  has  been  added  since  1833. 

Blue  Hen,  •  nickname  for  t  lie  state 
oJ  I  >'  lav  are,  I  nited  Stab  j.  The  term 
thus:  Captain  Caldwell,  an  officer 
of  the  l-t  Delaware  Regimenl  in  the. 
American  War  for  Independence  was  very 
fond  of  game-cocks,  bnt  maintained  that 
no  cock  was  tmly  game  unless  its  mother 
was  a  "  hlue  hen."  As  he  wu  exceed- 
ingly popular,  his  regiment  was  called 
"The  Hlue  Hens."  and  the  term  was 
Afterwards  transferred  l<>  the  state  and 
its  inhabitants. 

Tour  mother  "'as  a  blue  hen,  no  doubt ; 
a  reproof  to  a  braggart,  especially  to  one 
who  hoasts  of  his  ancestry. 

Blue  Knight  (The),  sir  Persaunt 
of  India,  called  by  Tennyson  "Morning 
Star"  or  "  Phosphorus."  lie  was  one 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  pas- 
sages of  Castle  Perilous,  and  was  over- 
thrown by  sir  Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  131  (1470) ; 
Tennyson,  Jdylls  ("Gareth  and  Ly- 
nette  "). 

***  It  is  evidently  a  blunder  in  Tenny- 
son to  call  the  Blue  Knight  "  Morning 
Star,"  and  the  Green  Knight  "  Evening 
Star."  The  reverse  is  correct,  and  in 
the  old  romance  the  combat  with  the 
Green  Knight  was  at  day-break,  and 
with  the  Bine  Knight  at  sunset. 

Blue  Moon.     Once  in  u  blue  moon, 
very  rarely  indeed.     The  expression  re- 
sembles   that    of    "  the    ( Irei  k    K.V 
which  means  "  never,"  because  there  were 
no  Greek  Kalends. 

Blue  Roses. — The  blue  flower  of  the 
German  romantic  poet-  represented  the 
Ideal  and  unattainable— what  Words- 
worth calls  "the  light  that  never  was  on 
sea  or  land" — and  Alphonse  Karr.  fol- 
lowing :n  the  wake  nt  t  he  I  i ernia iis,  gives 

the  mime  oi  Bo  '■'  ■  it*  to  nil  impos- 
sible wishes  and   de-ires. 

Blue-Skin,  Joseph  Blake,  an  Eng- 
lish burglar,  so  sailed  from  his  complex- 
ion,    lie  ua-  executed  in  i  i 

Bluir*  (Captain  Noll),  a  swaggering 
bully  ami  boaster.     He  says,  "1  think 

that   fighting   for   fighting's  Bake    is   suffi- 
cient   cause    for    fighting,      light: 
no-,  is  religion  and  the  laws." 
"  Vw  dim)  ta  itan  Hi" 

;    Jgn   .    .  .    llu  i      '■* 
ri'irir.     tint    n    liiimlilo    •■  I 
Imrr  lll'l     ..." 

M  t  i')  ibi  ».u .  • 


nmre  notloe  of  NoO  ItliifT  Itinn  ;f  •  n  In  Lb* 

and  of  Uie  Ihlllj"    OimilH.  The  Old  hach-lar  ()M|. 

Bluff  Hal  or  BLUFF  IIailky,  Henry 

VIII.  (1491,  i 

Ero  yi't  In  **•  »m  *-f  Pi 
And  numbered  bead  ud  .hnft. 

Llull  Mull  tit  In  i  'iriirri 

An  I  lurnnl  tliu  cowL.  adrifl. 

Tcnny»on. 

Blunder.  The  hold  bnt  disastrous 
charge  oi  the  British  Light  Brigade  at 
Balacla'va  is  attributed   to 

even    Tennyson    says   of    it,    "Some    one 

hath  blundered,"  but  Thomas  Woolner, 
with  less  reserve,  - 

r.il 
May  blunder  tr  v  and  recelre 

Hu  senate's  rote  of  thank*. 

My  Beautiful  /.nay. 

Blun'derbore  (3  syl.),  the  giant 
who  was  drowned  because  Jack  scuttled 
his  boat. — Tack  the  Giant-killer. 

Blunt  {Colonel),   a  brusque  royalist, 

who   vows    "  he'd    woo    no    woman."    but 
falls    in    love    with    Arhclla    an    hi 
woos    and    wins    her.       T.    Knight,   who 
has  converted  this  comedy  into  a  farce, 
with    the    title    of    B  .    calls 

I    Blunl    "captain    Manly." — Hon. 
sir  K.  Howard,   Tht   I 'ommittt 

Blunt  (Maior-General),  an  old  cavnlry 
officer,    rough     in     speech,    but     brave, 

.    and    a    true    patriot. — Shadwell, 
The   Volunteers. 

Blushineton    (Edward),   a  bashftt] 

young   gentleman   of    26,   sent   as   a    pool 

scholar     to     Cambridge,     without     any 
expectations,   but   by   the  death   of   his 

father  and  uncle  left  all  at  once  as   "rich 

as  a  nabob."    At  colli  called 
'•  the  sensitive   plant   of    Bra 
cause  he  was  always  blushing.  He  dines 
by  invitation  at  Friendly  Ball,  and  com- 
mits   Ceaseless    hlimder          |  iv   his 

chum.    Prank    Friendly, 
word  that  1. 

sir  Thomas  and   lady  Friendly,  will  dine 
with   him.     After  a  fen  I    wine, 

-  his  bashful   modesty,  n 
long  speech,  and 

suitor  of  the  pre::  'i  Friendly. 

— \V.  T.  Moncrieff,  The  Baehful  Man.  ' 

Boor  Boh,  aaya  Warton,  was  i 

Gothic    chief,    whi 
frighten  children. 

Bonner';  ■  i  syl.),  *  declamatory 
pet  parson,  «  ho  ai 

his  own    "elect."  "lh     preaches    real 

rousing-op  but    sits    dowc 


BOAR.  118 


pleasantly  to  his  tea,  and  makes  hisself 
friendly." — Mrs.  Oliphant,  Salem  Chapel. 

A  protestant  Boanerges,  visiting  Birmingham,  sent  an 
Invitation  to  Dr.  Newman  to  dispute  publicly  with  him 
in  the  Town  HalL— E.  Yates,  Celebrities,  xxii. 

%*  Boanerges  or  "sons  of  thunder"  is 
the  name  given  by  Jesus  Christ  to  James 
and  John,  because  they  wanted  to  call 
down  fire  from  heaven  to  consume  the 
Samaritans. — Luke  ix.  54. 

Boar  {The),  Richard  III.,  so  called 
rVom  his  cognizance. 

The  bristled  boar. 
In  Infant  gore, 
Wallows  beneath  the  thorny  shade. 

Gray,  The  Bard  (1767). 

In  contempt  Richard  III.  is  called  The 
Hog,  hence  the  popular  distich  : 

The  Cat,  the  Rat,  and  Lovell  the  dog, 
Hule  all  England  under  the  Hog 

("The  Cat"  is  Catesbv,  and  "the  Rat" 
Ratcliffe.) 

Boar  (The  Blue).  This  public-house 
si^n  (Westminster)  is  the  badge  of  the 
Veres  earls  of  Oxford. 

The  Blue  Boar  Lane  (St.  Nicholas, 
Leicester)  is  so  named  from  the  cog- 
nizance of  Richard  III.,  because  be  slept 
there  the  night  before  the  battle  of  Bos- 
worth  Field. 

Boar  of  Ardennes  (The  Wild),  in 
French  Le  Sanglier  des  Ardennes 
(2  sijl.),  was  Guillaume  comte  de  la 
Marck,  so  called  because  he  was  as  fierce 
as  the  wild  boar  he  delighted  to  hunt. 
The  character  is  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  Quentin  Durward,  under  the 
name  of  "  William  count  of  la  Marck." 

Boar's  Head  (The).  This  tavern, 
immortalized  by  Shakespeare,  stood  in 
Eastcheap  (London),  on  the  site  of  the 
present  statue  of  William  IV.  It  was 
the  cognizance  of  the  Gordons,  who 
adopted  it  because  one  of  their  progenitors 
slew,  in  the  forest  of  Huntley,  a  wild 
boar,  the  terror  of  all  the  Merse  (1093). 

Boat  Colours. 

The  Cambridge  Crew:  Cai'us,  light 
blue  and  black  ;  Catherine's,  blue  and 
white ;  Christ's,  common  blue  ;  Clare, 
black  and  golden  yellow  ;  Corpus,  cherry 
colour  and  white  ;  Downing,  chocolate  ; 
Emmanuel,  cherry  colour  and  dark  blue  ; 
Jesus,  red  and  black  ;  ./<//< u's,  bright  red 
and  white ;  King's,  violet ;  Magdelen, 
indigo  and  lavender ;  Pembroke,  claret 
and  French  grey  ;  Peterhouse,  dark  blue 
and  white  ;    Queen's,   green  and   white ; 


BOBADIL. 

Sydney,    red    and   blue ;     Trinity,    dark 
blue  ;  Trinity  Hall,  black  and  white. 

Oxford  Ckew  :  Alban's  (St.),  blue, 
with  arrow-head ;  Baliol,  pink,  white, 
blue,  white,  pink  ;  Brazenose,  black,  and 
gold  edges ;  Christ  Church,  blue,  with 
red  cardinal's  hat;  Corpus,  red,  with 
blue  stripe;  Edmond's  (St.),  red,  and 
yellow  edges ;  Exeter,  black,  and  red 
edges  ;  Jesus,  green,  and  white  edges ; 
John's,  yellow,  black,  red  ;  Lincoln,  blue, 
with  mitre  ;  Magdelen,  black  and  white  ; 
Mary's  (St.),  white,  black,  white  ;  Merton. 
blue,  with  white  edges  and  red  cross ; 
New  College,  three  pink  and  two  white 
stripes ;  Oriel,  blue  and  white ;  /'-•>>(- 
broke,  pink,  white,  pink ;  Queen's,  red, 
white,  blue,  white,  blue,  white,  red ; 
Trinity,  blue,  with  double  dragon's  bead, 
yellow  and  green,  or  blue  with  white 
edges  ;  University,  blue,  and  yellow 
edges;  Wadham,  light  blue;  Worcester, 
blue,  white,  pink,  white,  blue. 

Boaz    and    Jachin,   two    brazen 

pillars  set  up  by  .Solomon  at  the  entrance 
of  the  temple  built  by  him.  Boaz, 
which  means  "strength,"  was  on  the 
left  hand,  and  Jachin,  which  means 
"stability,"  on  the  right. — 1  Kim/s\u.  -1. 
(The  names  of  these  two  pillars  are 
adopted  in  the  craft  called  "  Free 
Masonry.") 

Bob'adil,  an  ignorant,  clever,  shallow 
bully,  thoroughly  cowardly,  but  thought 
by  his  dupes  to  be  an  amazing  hero. 
He  lodged  with  Cob  (the  water-carrier) 
and  his  wife  Tib.  Master  Stephen  was 
greatly  struck  with  his  "dainty  oaths," 
such  as  "  By  the  foot  of  Pharaoh  ! " 
"Body  of  Caesar  !  "  "As  I  am  a  gentle- 
man and  a  soldier  !  "  His  device  to  save 
the  expense  of  a  standing  army  is  in- 
imitable for  its  conceit  and  absurdity : 

"  I  would  select  19  more  to  myself  throughout  the  land ; 
gentlemen  they  should  be,  of  a  good  spirit  and  able  con- 
stitution. I  would  choose  them  by  an  instinct,  .  .  ■  and 
I  would  teach  them  Uie  special  rules  .  .  .  til!  Jicy  could 
play  f  fence]  very  near  as  well  as  myself.  This  none,  say 
the  enemy  were  40,000  strong,  w?  20  would  .  .  .  chal- 
lenge 20  of  the  enemy;  .  .  .  kill  them;  challenge  20 
more,  kill  them  ;  20  more,  kill  them  too ;  .  .  .  every 
man  his  10  a  dav.  that's  10  scons .  .  .  200  a  day  ;  five  days, 
a  thousand  ;  40,000,  40  times  6,  200  days ;  kill  them  alL"— 
Ben  Jonson,  Beery  Man  in  Hi*  Humour,  iv.  7  (1598). 

Since  bis  [Henry  Woodward,  1717-1777]  time  the  part 
of  "Bobadil"  has  never  been  justly  performed.  It  may 
be  said  to  have  died  with  him. — Dr.  Doran. 

The  name  was  probably  suggested  by 
Bobadilla  first  governor  of  Cuba,  who 
superseded  Columbus  sent  home  in 
chains  on  a  most  frivolous  charge. 
Similar  characters  are  "  Metamore  "  and 
"Scaramouch"   (Moliere) ;    "  Parolles  " 


BODACH  GLAY. 


119 


BOISTEEER. 


and  "Pistol"  (Shakespeare)  ;  "  Itessus  " 
(Beaumont  and  Fletcher).  (See  al.-o 
btasiliboo,  boboughgliff,  ('attain 
Bbazkk,  Captaih  Noll  Bluff,  Bib 
I'i  tbohxl  Plash,  Sacbipaht,  Vihcbht 

LI.   I. a   Kosk,  etc.) 

Bodach  G-lay  or  "  Grey  Spectre," 
ft  house  demon  of  the  Scotch,  similar  to 
tlie  Irish  banshee. 

Bce'mond,  the  Christian  king  of 
Antioch,  who  tried  to  teach  his  subjects 
arts,  law,  and  religion,  lie  is  of  the 
Norman   race,  Rogc'ro's  brother,  ai 

si  Roberto  Guiscar'do. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 

Delivered  (1575). 

Boeo'tian  Ears,  cars  unable  to  ap- 
preciate music  and  rhetoric.  Bceotia  was 
laughed  at  by  the  Athenians  for  the  dul- 
ness  and  stupidity  of  its  inhabitants. 

•'Tilts  U  havtnn  taste  and  sentiment.  Well,  friend.  I 
umrt  thM  than  hail  not  got  Boeotian  eui"  [beeaut*  fi<i 
rnrrinfl  otirtaln  extract*  read  to  him  by  an  author]. — 
Laago.  (lit  /Hat,  vil  3  (1715). 

Bceuf  {Frent  (le),  a  gigantic  ferocious 
follower  of  prince  John. — Sir  W. 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Boffin     (Nicodemus),    "the     golden 

dustman,"  foreman  of  Old  John  Harmon, 
dustman  and  miser.  He  was  "a  broad, 
round-shouldered,  one-sided  old  fellow, 
face  was  of  the  rhinoceros  build, 
with  over-lapping  ears."  A  kind,  shrewd 
man  was  iM  r.  Boffin,  devoted  to  his 
wife,  whom  he  greatly  admired.  Being 
residuary  legatee  of  John  Harmon,  dust- 
Dan,  he  came  in  for  £100,000.  After- 
wards, John  Harmon,  the  Bon,  being 
discovered,    Mr.    Boffin    surrendered    the 

property  to  him,  and  lived  with  him. 
Mrs,  Boffin,  wife  of  Mr.  N.  Boffin,  and 

daughter  of  n  cat's-meat  man.  She  was 
ft  fat,  smiling,  good-tempered  creature, 
the  servant  of  Old  John  Harmon,  dust- 
man   and    miser,    and    very    kind    to    the 

miser's  son  (young  John  Harmon).  After 

Mr.  Boffin  came  into  his  fortune  she 
became  "a  high  flyer  at  fashion," wore 

black  velvet  and  sable,  but  retained  her 
kindness  of  heart  and  love  for  her  hus- 
band.     She  was   devoted   U)   Bella  WilfiT, 

who  ultimately  became  the  wile  of  young 
John  Harmon,  aliat  Rokesmith.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Ow  Mutual  />■  sd  (186 

Bo'gio,  one  of  the  allies  of  Charle- 
He  promiw  d  his  wife  to  return 

within     six    months,    but    was     slain    by 
Harilinello.  —  Ariosto,    Orlando    i 
(1616). 

Bogle  Swindle    (T/m),  a  gigantic 


swindling  scheme,  con  aris  by 

fourteen  sharpers,  who  expected  to  cleat 
by  it  at  least  a  million  sterling.  This 
swindle  was  exposed  bv  O'Reilly  in  the 
Timet  newspaper,  and  the  corporation  of 
London  thanked  the  proprietors  of  that 
journal  for  their  public 

Bo'gus,  sham,  forged,  frandul 

bo</ii3   cum  u  : 

to  be  a  corruption  of  I  ;mll«T, 

who  supplied  the  North  American  ■> 

with  COUnb  rl'cit  bills,  bills  on  fictitious 
banks,    and    sham    mortgages. —  .  i 

r. 
Some  think  the  word  a  corruption  of 
[Hocus]    J'-  .that   it    P 

the  German   "  Hocus   Pocus   Imperatua, 
wer   nicht  sieht   i?t   blind."      1  •' 
responding  French  term  is  Pa 

Bohe'mia,  any  locality  frequented  by 
journalists,  artists,  actors,  opera-singers, 
spouteiS,  and  other  .-imilar  chanu  ■ 

Bohemian  (A),  a  gipsy,  from  the 
French  notion  that  the  •  came 

from  Bohemia. 

.1    lAterary   Bohemian,   an    author    of 

desultory  works  and  irregular  life. 

N.-v,r  \rx<   tie  •  '    "'   tli« 

Bohemian,  —  turtnijhtiy    Aenrn    i"  l'utuo 
Utteri  ■). 

mian  Literature,  desultory  reading. 
A  Bohemian  Life.wa  irregular,  ws 

in„',  restless  way  01  living,  like  t:.  I 

gipsy. 

Bo'hemond,   prince    of    Anti 
crusader.—  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Parii  (time,  Rufus). 

Bois'gelin  (Thr  young 

introduced  in  the  ball  given  by  king 
Rene'  at  Aix.— Sir   W.   Scott,   A 

:rd  IV.). 

Bois-Guilbort    (Sr    Brian   ds),    a 

r receptor    of    the    Knights    Temp  are, 
vanhoe  vanquishes  him  in  a  tournament. 

threatens  to  cast  herself  from  the  I 

ments  if  he  touches  her.    When  tin 
re   by    the  sibyl.   Mr 

-.       1  he 

Grand-Master  of  the  K  mplars 

char.-.  d     She 

demands  >  trial  bj  Sir  Brian  de 

ppointed  to  sustain  the 
charge  against  her.  and  [vanhoe 

champion.      Sir    Brian   being   bund 
in  the  \\>lt>.  I 

3ii  v.  .  Richard  [.). 

Boi. 


BOLD  BEAUCHAMP. 


120 


BOMBASTES  FURIOSO. 


ants  of  Fortu'nio.  His  gift  was  that  he 
could  overturn  a  wind-mill  with  his 
breath,  and  even  wreck  a  man-of-war. 

Fortunlo  asked  him  what  he  was  doing.  "  I  am  blow- 
ing a  little,  sir,"  answered  he,  "to  Bet  those  mills  at 
work."  "  But,"  saidthn  knight,  "you  seem  too  far  off."  "On 
the  contrary,"  replied  the  blower,  "I  am  too  ne;ir,  for  if 
I  did  not  restrain  my  breath  I  should  blow  the  mills  over, 
and  perhaps  the  hill  too  on  which  they  stand." — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Fortunio,"  1682). 

Bold  Beauchamp  [Beech'-am],  a 
proverbial  phrase  similar  to  "an  Achilles," 
*'a  Hector,"  etc.  The  reference  is  to 
Iliomas  de  Beauchamp,  earl  of  Warwick, 
Who,  with  •  one  squire  and  six  archers, 
overthrew  a  hundred  armed  men  at 
Hogges,  in  Normandy,  in  1346. 

Bo  had  we  still  of  ours,  in  Fnance  that  famous  were, 
Warwick,  of  England  then  high-constable  that  was, 

.  .  So  hardy,  great,  and  strong, 
Diat  after  of  that  name  it  to  an  adage  grew, 
If  any  man  himself  adventurous  happed  to  shew, 
"  Bold  Beauchamp"  men  him  termed,  if  none  so  bold  as 
he. 

Drayton,  Folyolbion,  rvili.  (1613). 

Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband,  a 

comedy  by  Mrs.  Cowley.  There  are  two 
plots :  one  a  bold  stroke  to  get  the  man 
of  one's  choice  for  a  husband,  and  the 
other  a  bold  stroke  to  keep  a  husband. 
Olivia  de  Zuniga  fixed  her  heart  on  .lulio 
de  Messina,  and  refused  or  disgusted  all 
suitors  till  he  came  forward.  Donna 
Victoria,  in  order  to  keep  a  husband, 
disguised  herself  in  man's  apparel,  as- 
sumed the  name  of  Florio,  and  made  love 
as  a  man  to  her  husband's  mistress.  She 
contrived  by  an  artifice  to  get  back  an 
estate  which  don  Carlos  had  made  over 
to  his  mistress,  and  thus  saved  her  hus- 
band from  ruin  (1782). 

Bold   Stroke  for    a   Wife.    Old 

Lovely  at  death  left  his  daughter  Anne 
£30,000,  but  with  this  proviso,  that  she 
was  to  forfeit  the  money  if  she  married 
without  the  consent  of  her  guardians. 
Now,  her  guardians  were  four  in  number, 
and  their  characters  so  widely  dif- 
ferent that  "  they  never  agreed  on  any 
one  thing."  They  were  sir  Philip  Mode- 
love,  an  old  beau  ;  Mr.  Periwinkle,  a  silly 
virtuoso  ;  Mr.  Tradelove,  a  broker  on 
'Change  ;  and  Mr.  Obadiah  Prim,  a  hypo- 
critical quaker.  Colonel  Feignwell  con- 
trived to  flatter  all  the  guardians  to  the 
top  of  their  bent,  and  won  the  heiress. 
—Mrs.  Centlivre  (1717). 

Bol'ga,  the  southern  parts  of  Ireland, 
90  called  from  the  Fir-bolg  or  Belgse  of 
Pritain  who  settled  there.  Bolg  means  a 
"•quiver,"  and  Fir-bolg  means  "bowmen." 

The  chiefs  of  Bolga  crowd  round  the  shield  of  generous 
Cathwor. — Oasian,  Tenwra,  ii 


Bolster,  a  famous  Wrath,  who  com- 
pelled St.  Agnes  to  gather  up  the  boulders 
which  infested  his  territory.  She  carried 
three  apronfuls  to  the  top  of  a  hill,  hence 
called  St.  Agnes'  Beacon.  (See  W bath's 
Hole.) 

Bol'ton  (Staicarth),  an  English  officer 
in  The  Monastery,  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bolton  Ass.  This  creature  is  said 
to  have  chewed  tobacco  and  taken  snuff. 
— Dr.  Doran. 

Bomba  {King),  a  nickname  given  to 
Ferdinand  II.  of  Naples,  in  consequence 
of  his  cruel  bombardment  of  Messi'na  in 
1848.  His  son,  who  bombarded  Palermo 
in  18G0,  is  called  Bombali'no  ("Little 
Bomba  "). 

A  young  Sicilian,  too.  was  there  .  .  . 
[  H'AoJ  being  rebellious  to  his  liege, 
After  Palermo's  fatal  siege. 
Across  the  western  seas  he  fled 
In  good  king  Bomba's  happy  reign. 

Longfellow,  The  Waytide  Inn  (prelude). 

Bombardin'ian,  general  of  the 
forces  of  king  Chrononhotonthologos. 
He  invites  the  king  to  his  tent,  and  gives 
him  hashed  pork.  The  king  strikes  him, 
and  calls  him  traitor.  "  Traitor,  in  thy 
teeth,"  replies  the  general.  They  fight,  and 
the  king  is  killed. — II.  Carey,  Chronon- 
hotontkmogos  (a  burlesque). 

Bombastes  Furioso,  general  of 
Artaxam'inous  (king  of  Utopia).  He 
is  plighted  to  Distaffi'na,  but  Artax- 
aminous  promises  her  "  half-a-crown  "  if 
she  will  forsake  the  general  for  himself. 
"  This  bright  reward  of  ever-daring 
minds  "  is  irresistible.  When  Bombastes 
sees  himself  flouted,  he  goes  mad,  and 
hangs  his  boots  on  a  tree,  with  this  label 
duly  displayed : 

Who  dares  this  pair  of  boots  displace. 
Must  meet  Bombastes  face  to  face. 

The  king,  coming  up,  cuts  down  the  boota, 
and  Bombastes  "kills  him."  Fusbos, 
seeing  the  king  fallen,  "  kills  "  the  gene- 
ral ;  but  at  the  close  of  the  farce  the 
dead  men  rise  one  by  one,  and  join  the 
dance,  promising,  if  the  audience  likes, 
"  to  die  again  to-morrow." — W.  B. 
Rhodes,  Bombastes  Furioso. 

%*  This  farce  is  a  travesty  of  Orlando 
Furioso,  and  "  Distaffina"  is  Angelica,  be- 
loved by  Orlando,  whom  she  flouted  for 
Medoro  a.  young  Moor.  On  this  Orlando 
went  mad,  ami  hung  up  his  armour  on  a 
tree,  with  this  distich  attached  thereto : 

Orlando's  arms  let  none  displace, 
But  such  who'll  meet  him  face  to  fas*. 


BOMIUSTES  FURIOSO. 


121 


BONNIVAl:I>. 


In  the  /.'  hearaal,  by  tlie  duke  of  Pmck- 
riighani,  Bayea1  troops  arc  killed,  every 
man  of  them,  by  Drawcanair,  but  revive, 
and  "  go  oil  on  their  li 

he  translation  of  Don  Quixote,  by 
C.  11.  Wilmot,  Esq.,  ii.  363  (1764). 

Bombastes  Farioeo  (The  French),  eapi- 
taiue  Fracaaae. — Theophile  Gautier. 

Bombas'tus,  thfl  family  name  of 
Paracelsus.  He  is  said  to  have  kept  a 
tuall  devil  prisoner  in  the  pommel  of  hid 
W  >rd. 

BomhiUtuj  kept  a  devil's  bird 

in  iln'  pommel  <if  Mi  nrord. 
That  taught  Dim  nil  the  cunning  pranks 
Of  post  and  future  moantebAnkj. 

8.  Butler,  /ludibrtu.  II.  3. 

Bo'naparte's  Cancer.  Napoleon 
aaJTered  from  an  internal  cancer. 

1  .  .  .  would  much  rathrr  have  li  60und  digestion 
Tlian  Huonaparte's  cancer. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  Ix.  U  (1821). 

Bonas'sus,  an  imaginary  wild  beast, 
which  the  Ettrick  shepherd  encoontered. 
(The  Ettrick  shepherd  was  .lames  Hogg, 
the    Scotch    poet.) — Noctet    Amor 
(No.  xlviii.,  April,  1880). 

Bounaventu're  [Father),  n  disguise 

assumed  for  the  nonce  by  the  chevalier 
Charles    Edward,  the   pretender. — Sir    \V. 

Scott,  Bedgauimet  (time,  George  111.). 

Bondu'ca  or  Boadice'a,  wife  of 
PrMn'tagufl  king  of  the  Ice'ni.     For  the 

better  security  of  bia  family,  PneSUtagtU 
made  the  emperor  of  Home  coheir  with 
his   daughters  ;    whereupon  the  Soman 

OffioeM     took    possession    of    his    palace, 

up  the  princesses  to  the  licentiona 
brutality    of    the    Boman  aoldiera,   and 

fed  the  queen  in  public.  Ronduca, 
ron-eil  to  vengeance,  aaaembled  an  army, 
burnt  the  boman  colonies  of  London, 
Colcheater  [( vmalodunwrih  Vernlam,  etc, 
and  alew  above  80,000  Bomane.  Bub- 
;lv,  Bueto'niue  Paulinas  defeated 
the  Britons,  and  Bondnca  poiaoned  herself, 

A. I>.  61.      John    Fletcher   wrote  a  t- 

entitled  Bonduca  |  : 

Bone-setter    [The),    Sarah     Happ 

Mi.il  ' . 

Bo'ney,    a     familiar    contract 

iparte  (8  ay/.  ,  am  l  bj  thi    Engliah 

in   the   early   part  of  the  nineteen' 

tury  by  way  of  depreciation.  Thus 
Tln'in     Ifoore    ipeaka   of    "the    Infidel 

limn  v." 

Bonlioinnii'  t  who 

In  DCI   the  |  ■ 

n  ol  1 368  waa  i  ailed  La  ./ 
B 


Tlie  words  may  be  rendered  "Jimmy"  or 
"Jhonny  Uoodfellow." 

Bon'iface     (St.),    an    Ane;]o-S*xon 
Winifrid   or   Winfrith, 
born  in  I  Devonshire.     I  !■ 
biahop  ry  III., 

and  ia  called  "I       \  \ 
St.  Boniface  was  murdered  in  Fri 
by  some  peaaanta,  and  his  Jjiv  is  .'une  5 
(680  J 

...  In  PrlesLind  nr>t  St.  Poiilface  our  belt. 
Who  of  I  ;  ■  -"weed. 

At  Duckuui  had  his  death,  lijr  raithlr*  Frtsiaru 
Drny 

Bon'iface 

quhair.      He  lir-t  appears  under  thl 

of  Blinkhoodie  in  thechai 

at    Kinross,   and   afterwarda   as   the   old 

gardener  at  Dundrennan.    (Kenn 

that  is,  "1   know  not  whore.")— oil  W, 

Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bon'iface  (  The  of  the 

ahhot  itigolwam  as  Superior 

Convent.  -Sir    W.     ! 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Bon'iface,  landlord  of  the  inn  at  I.i.-h- 
field,   in  league  with   I 
This  sleek,  jolly  publican  u 
cant  phrase,    "a-   '  is."    Thus, 

"Does  your  master  stay  in  town,  as  the 
aaying  is?  "     "So  w<  I  lying  is, 

I    could    wish    we    bad    more    of    I 

"  I'm   old   Will    Bonif  i  «>  11 

known  upon  this  | 

He  had  lived  at   Lichfield  "  man  ai 

above  eight  and  fifty  years,  and  i 
sumed  Bight  and  fifty  ounces  of 
ll.  saya : 

■•  I  h  n  I 

hit  alf.  and   I  uwajn  deep  upon  mf  nle." — G*»r, 
caul'  Strnl.ijrin,  I.  1     . 

Bonno   Reine,    Claude  da   l 
daughter    of    Louil    XII.   and    ari 

I  -11  199   : 

Boniiot    (Je  •  •  •»),    "  I    am 

talking  to  mj  si  !f." 

Ui  rlio*.  J<  i  irle  a 

.-:  I.  3  (l«K7t. 

Bonnet    Iio'iirc.  ■  red   republican, 
so  called   b  liberty 

which  In   « 

Bonnivnnl     I  pris- 

oner of  Chillon.      In   i 
a.         ■  ■  of   si\   brothi  ra,   i  h 

sons   died   on    the  hattlc-ficld  ;   01  i 

burnt   at  tin 

in  the  dungeon   of  Chillon.  DH 

...     I  ^     of  c*.  three  diedj  »nd 


BONSTETTIN. 


122 


BORAX. 


Francois  was  set  at  liberty  by  Henri  the 
Bearnais.  They  were  incarcerated  by 
the  duke-bishop"  of  Savoy  for  republican 
principles  (149G-1570). 

Bonstet'tin  (Nicholas),  the  old 
deputy  of  Schwitz,  and  one  of  tho  depu- 
ties of  the  Swiss  confederacy  to  Charles 
duke  of  Burgundy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bon'temps  (Roger),  the  personi- 
fication of  that  buoyant  spirit  which  is 
always  "inclined  to  hope  rather  than 
fear,"  and  in  the  very  midnight  of  dis- 
tress is  ready  to  exclaim,  "There's  a  good 
time  coming,  wait  a  little  longer."  The 
character  is  the  creation  of  Be'ranger. 

Vous,  pauvres  pleins  d'envie, 

Vous,  riches  desireux ; 
Vous,  dont  !e  char  d6vle 

Aprea  un  cours  heureux  ; 
Vous,  qui  perdrez  peut-etre 

Des  titres  eclatans, 
Bi  gai  !  prenez  pour  maltre 

Le  gros  Roger  Bontemps. 

Bcranger  (1814). 

Boii'thron  (Anthony),  one  of  Ra- 
momy's  followers  ;  employed  to  murder 
Smith,  the  lover  of  Catherine  Glover 
("the  fair  maid  of  Perth"),  but  he  mur- 
dered Oliver  instead,  by  mistake.  When 
charged  with  the  crime,  he  demanded  a 
trial  by  combat,  and  being  defeated  by 
Smith,  confessed  his  guilt  and  wnshanged. 
He  was  restored  to  life,  but  being  again 
apprehended  was  executed. — Sir\Y  .  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Bon  Ton,  a  farce  by  Garrick.  Its 
design  is  to  show  the  evil  effects  of  the 
introduction  of  foreign  morals  and  foreign 
manners.  Lord  Minikin  neglects  his  wife, 
and  flirts  with  Miss  Tittup.  Lady  Mini- 
kin hates  her  husband,  and  flirts  with 
colonel  Tivy.  Miss  Tittup  is  engaged  to 
the  colonel.  Sir  John  Trotley,  who  does 
not  understand  bon  ton,  thinks  this  sort 
of  flirtation  very  objectionable.  "  You'll 
excuse  me,  for  such  old-fashioned  notions, 
I  am  sure"  (1760). 

Boo'by  (Lady),  a  vulgar  upstart,  who 
tries  to  seduce  her  footman,  Joseph 
Andrews.  Parson  Adams  reproves  her 
for  laughing  in  church.  I^dy  Booby  is 
a  caricature  of  Richardson's  "Pamela." 
— Fielding,  Joseph  Andrews  (1742). 

Boone  (1  syl.),  colonel  [afterwards 
"general"]  Daniel  Boone,  in  the  United 
States'  service,  wa3  one  of  the  earliest 
Bettlcrs  in  Kentucky,  where  he  signalized 
himself  by  many  daring  exploits  against 
the  Red  Indians  (T 735-1820). 


Of  all  men,  saving  Sylla  the  man-slayer.  .  . 

The  general  Boon,  the  back-woodsman  of  Kentucky, 

Was  happiest  amongst  mortals  anywhere,  etc. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  viii.  61-65  (1821). 

Booshal'loch  (NeS),  cowherd  to 
Ian  Eachin  M'lan,  chief  of  the  clan 
Quhele.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Boo'tes  (3  syl.),  Areas  son  of  Jupiter 
and  Calisto.  One  day  his  mother,  in  the 
semblance  of  a  bear,  met  him,  and  Areas 
was  on  the  point  of  killing  it,  when 
Jupiter,  to  prevent  the  murder,  converted 
him  into  a  constellation,  either  Bootes  or 

Ursa    Major. — Pausanias,    Itinerary    of 

Greece,  viii.  4. 

Doth  not  Orion  worthily  deserve 

A  higher  place  . . . 

Than  frail  ft  Kites,  who  was  placed  above 

Only  because  the  gods  did  else  foresee 

He  should  Uie  murderer  of  his  mother  be? 

Lord  Brooke,  0/  SolilUy. 

Booth,  husband  of  Amelia.  Said  to 
be  a  drawing  of  the  author's  own  character 
and  experiences.  He  has  all  the  vices  of 
Tom  Jones,  with  an  additional  share  of 
meanness. — Fielding,  Amelia  (1751). 

Borach'io,  a  follower  of  don  John 
of  Axagon.  He  is  a  great  villain,  en- 
gaged to  Margaret,  the  waiting-woman  of 
Hero. — Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  (1000). 

Borach'io,  a  drunkard.  (Spanish,  bor- 
racho,  "drunk  ;"  borrachue'lo,  "a  tippler.") 

"Why,  you  stink  of  wine!  D'ye  think  my  niece  will  ever 
endure  ncta  a  burachio  f  You're  an  absolute  Borachio."— 
W.  Congrove,  The  Way  of  the  World  (1700). 

Borachio  (Joseph),  landlord  of  tho 
Eagle  hotel,  in  Salamanca. — Jephson,  Two 
String*  to  your  Bow  (1792). 

Bor'ak  (Al),  the  animal  brought  by 
Gabriel  to  convey  Mahomet  to  the  seventh 
heaven.  The  word  means  "  lightning." 
Al  Borak  had  the  face  of  a  man,  but  the 
cheeks  of  a  horse  ;  its  eyes  were  like 
jacinths,  but  brilliant  as  the  stars  ;  it  had 
eagle's  wings,  glistened  all  over  with 
radiant  light,  and  it  spoke  with  a  human 
voice.  This  was  one  of  the  ten  animals 
(not  of  the  race  of  man)  received  into 
paradise.     (See  Animals,  etc.) 

Borak  was  a  fine-limbed,  high-standing  horse,  strong  rn 
frame,  and  with  a  coat  as  glossy  as  marble.  His  colour 
was  saffron,  with  one  hair  of  gold  for  every  three  of 
tawny  ;  bis.  r.-irs  were  imllllll  and  pointed  like  a  reed  ;  his 
ejefl  urge  and  full  of  fire ;  his  i.m.trils  wide  and  steaming  ; 
he  had  a  white  star  on  his  forehead,  a  neck  gran  fully 
Rrrhed,  ■  mane  Bofl  and  silky,  and  a  thick  tail  that  swept 
the  ground. — Crotjuemitaine,  iL  9. 

Borax,  Nosa,  or  Crapon'dinus, 
a  stone  extracted  from  a  toad.  It  is  tne 
aDtidote  of  poison. — Mirror  of  Stones. 

.  .  .  the  toad,  ugly  and  venomous. 
Wears  yet  a  precious  jewel  in  his  head. 
Shakespeare,  .11  i'ou  Like  It.  KtlLf*.  J  (18001 


BORDEB  MINSTREL. 


1 28 


BORS. 


Border  Minstrel  (T/ic),  sir  Walter 
Scott  (1771-1882). 

My  si*i«  id.-  Border  Mln  tn  l  lad. 

W.  Wur.ljwurlli.   larrotc  K.vtiit.-d. 

Border  States  (of  North  America) : 
Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  Ken- 
tucky, ami  Missouri.  So  called  because 
they  bordered   upon    the    line    of    Free 

States  and    Slave-holding    States.     The 
term  is  now  an  anachronism. 

Bore  (1  *.'/'•))  a  tidal  wave.  The 
largest  are  these  <  •  t'  the  Ganges  (espe- 
cially the  Hooghly  branch),  Brahmaputra, 
and  Indus.  In  Great  Britain,  the  Severn, 
tin'  Trent,  the  Wye,  the  Solway,  the  Dee 
in  Cheshire,  the  Clyde,  Dornoch  Frith, 
ami  the  Lnne.  That  of  the  Trent  is 
called  the  "heygre." 

Bo'reas,  the  north  wind.    Tie  lived  in 
a  cave  on  mount  lhemus,  in  Thrace. 
Ceiisc,  n.dc  Iiore.-us,  Muttering  raltor. 

G.  A.  Btepheus,  /".••  SMpwreA 

Bor'gia  (Lucrezia  di),  duchess  of  Fer- 
ra'ra,  wife  of  don  Alfonso.  Her  natural 
son  Genna'ro  was  brought  up  by  a  bsher- 
in;in  in  Naples,  hut  when  he  grew  to 
manhood  a  stranger  gave  him  a  paper 
from  his  mother,  announcing  to  him  that 
he  was  of  noble  blood,  but  concealing  his 
name  and  family.  lie  saved  the  life  of 
Orsi'ni  in  the  battle  of  Kim'ini,  and!  they 
became  sworn  friends.  In  Venice  he  was 
introduced  to  a  party  of  nobles,  all  of 
whom  had  some  tale  to  tell  against  Lu- 
crezia:  Orsini  told  him  she  bad  murdered 
her  brother  ;  Vitelli,  that  she  had  caused 
his  ancle  to  be  vlain  :  Liverotto,  that  she 
had  poisoned  his  uncle  Appia'no;  (iazella, 
that  she  bad  cause. l  ..ne  of  his  relatives 
to  be  drowned  in  the  Tiber.  Indignant  at 
these  acts  of  wickedness,  Gennaro  struck 
oil  the  B  from  the  escutcheon  of  the  duke's 

iialoce  at  Ferrara,  changing  the  name 
torgia  into  Orgia.  Lucrezia  prayed  the 
duke  to  put  to  death  the  man  who  had 
thus  insulted  their  noble  house,  and  Gen- 
naro  was  condemned  to  death  by  poison. 
Lucrezia,  to  save  him,  gave  him  an  anti- 
dote, and  lei  him  out  of  prison  by  a  secret 
door.  Soonafter  bis  liberation  the  princess 
Negroni,  a  friend  of  the  Borgias,  gave  a 
grand  Bupper,  to  which  Gennaro  and  bia 
companions  were  invited.  At  the  cIobb  of 
the  banquet  they  were  all  arrested  by 
Lucrc/ia,  after   having   drunk    poisoned 

win.-.      Gennaro   was  told  he  was  the  son 
of  Lucrezia,  and  died.    Lucrezia  no 
sar/  him  die  than  she  died  also.—  Doni- 
eetti,  Lucrezia  di  Borgia  (an  opera, 

BorosTiie  (8  syl.),  a  malicious  coun- 


sellor of  the  preat-dukc  of  Mooeovia.— 
Tit    and     Fletcher,     The    I       I 
t  (1618). 
Borough  (TJtc),  in  ten-syllabi, 
with  rhymes,  in  twenty-four  letten,  is  by 
Crabbe  (1810). 

Bor'oughelill'     0 
Yankee,  boastful,  conceited,  and  slangy. 
"  I  guess,"   "  I    reckon,"  ••  l 
are   used    indifferently   by  him,   and  ho 
perpetually  appeals  to  sergeant  I'rill  to 

Confirm  his  boastful  assertions:    as,  "  I'm 

a  pretty  considerable  favourite  with  the 
ladies  ;  arn't  I,  sergeant    Drill?"   "My 
character  for  valour  is  pretty  well  known  ; 
isn't  it,   sergeant   DriU?"  "  If  y<  i, 
saw  me  in  battle,  you'd  never  for 
would  he,  sergeant  I  >  i-i  I L  >      "I'm  a  sort 
of  a  kind  of  a  nonentity  ;  arn't  I,  y 
Drill?"    etc.     He    is    made   the    butt    of 
Lo'i^    Tom    Coffin.      Colonel     Howard 
wishes  him  to  marry  his  niece  Katharine, 

but  the  young  lady  has  given  her  lean  to 

lieutenant   Barnstable,  who  turns  out  to 

be  the  colonel's  son,  and  succeeds  at  hist 
in  marrying  the  lady  of  his  affection.  — 
E.  Kit/ball,  The  Pilot. 

Borre  (1  syl-),  natural  son  of  king 
Arthur,  and  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table.  I  lis  mother  was  Lyo- 
nors,  an  earl's  daughter,  who  came  to  d.> 
homage  to  the  young  king. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prtnce  Arthur,  i.  l.'i 
(1470). 

%*  Sir  Bors  de  Ganis  is  quite  another 
person,  and  so  is  king  Bors  of  Gaol. 

Borrioboo'la  Gha,  m  Africa. 
Jki.i.yi.y,  Mi:s.) 

Borro'meo  (Charles),  cardinal  and 
archbishop  of  Milan.  Immortalized  by 
his  self-devotion  in  ministering  at  Mil'an 
to  the  plague-stricken    I 

8  ,     Roche,    who   died    1827,  dWt       I 
himself    in   a  similar    manner    t  ■ 
stricken  with  the  |  • ;  and 

Mompesson  to  thi  Eyam.     In 

17'Jii   22    H.    l'rar. 

was  indefatigable  in  ministering  tu  the 

plague-stricken  of  Marseilles. 

Borrowing.    WK        tha-bot 

./;•,./    /'-  Ma  of  ■  mdr ,.   w    B 

i m  xlii.  6  (1 

Bors  (AVrj//)  of  GauL  brother  of  kinu 
Ban  of  Benwicke  ['.  Brittany],  1  ■  ■ 
went  to  the  aid  of  prince  Arthur  «!i.:i 

:he     British 

throne,  and  Arthur  promised   U3  r>turn  to 


BORS. 


124 


BOTHWELL. 


aid  them  against  king  Claudas,  "a  mighty 
man  of  men,"  who  warred  against  them. 
— Sk  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
(1470). 

There  are  two  brethren  beyond  the  sen,  and  they  kings 
both  .  .  .  the  one  bight  kins  Ban  of  lienwicke,  and  the 
other  hlght  king  Burs  of  Gaul,  that  is,  France.  — Pt.  1.  8, 

(Sir  Bors  was  of  Ganis,  that  is,  Wales, 
and  was  a  knight  of  the  Round  Table. 
So  also  was  Borre  (natural  son  of  prince 
Arthur),  also  called  sir  Bors  sometimes.) 

Bors  (Sir),  called  sir  Bors  de  Ganis, 
brother  of  sir  Lionell  and  nephew  of  sir 
Launcelot.  "  For  all  women  was  lie 
a  virgin,  save  for  one,  the  daughter  of 
king  Brandeg'oris,  on  whom  he  had  a 
child,  hight  Elaine;  save  for  her,  sir 
Bors  was  a  clean  maid"  (ch.  iv.).  When 
he  went  to  Corbin,  and  saw  Galahad  the 
son  of  sir  Launcelot  and  Elaine  (daughter 
of  king  Pellcs),  he  prayed  that  the  child 
might  prove  as  good  a  knight  as  his 
father,  and  instantly  a  vision  of  the  holy 
greal  was  vouchsafed  him  ;  for — 

Therecame  a  white  dove,  bearing  a  little  censer  of  gold 
in  her  bill .  .  .  and  a  maiden  that  bear  the  Sancgreall,  and 
she  Said,  "Wit  ye  well,  sir  Bors,  that  this  child  .  .  .  shall 
achieve  the  BancgreaU"  .  ,  .  then  they  kneeled  down  .  .  . 
and  there  was  such  a  savour  as  all  the  spicery  in  the  world 
had  been  there.  And  when  the  dove  took  her  flight, 
the  maiden  vanished  away  with  the  BancgreaU. — Pt.  iii.  4. 

Sir  Bors  was  with  sir  Galahad  and  sir 
Percival  when  the  consecrated  wafer 
assumed  the  visible  and  bodily  appearance 
of  the  Saviour.  And  this  is  what  is 
meant  by  achieving  the  holy  greal  ;  for 
when  they  partook  of  the  wafer  their 
eyes  saw  the  Saviour  enter  it. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii. 
101,  102  (1470). 

N.B. — -This  sir  Bors  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  sir  Borre,  a  natural  son  of 
king  Arthur  and  Lyonors  (daughter  of 
the  earl  Sanam,  pt.  i.  15),  nor  yet  with 
king  Bors  of  Gaul,  i.e.  France  (pt.  i.  8). 

Bortell,  the  bull,  in  the  beast-epic 
called  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Bos'can-[Almoga'va],  a  Spanish 
poet  of  Barcelona  (1500-154.'>).  His 
poems  are  generally  bound  up  with  those 
of  Garcilasso.  They  introduced  the  Italian 
style  into  Castilian  poetry. 

Sometimes  he  turned  to  gaze  upon  his  book, 
Boscau,  or  Garcilasso. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  I.  95  flSltl). 

Bosmi'na,  daughter  of  Fingal  king 
of  Morven  (north-west  coast  of  Scotland). 
— Ossian. 

Boss,  of  Arthurian  legend,  is  Boscastle, 
in    Cornwall,    on    the    Bristol    Channel. 


Bude  is  also  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Bristol 
Channel. 

When  the  longwave  broke 
All  down  the  thundering  shores  of  Bude  and  Bo&>. 
Tennyson,  IdglU  of  the  King. 

Bossu  (Be'ne'le),  French  scholar  aud 
critic  (1G31-1G80). 

And  for  the  epic  poem  »our  lordship  bade  roe  look  at, 
upon  taking   the    length,   breadth,  height,  and  depth  ol 
It,  and  trying   them  at  home   upon   an    exact   scale  ol 
Bossu  s,  'tis  out,  my  lord,  In  every  one  of  its  dimensions.- 
Sterne  (1768). 

(I  think  Sterne  means  the  Abbe-  Bossut, 
the  mathematician.  His  critic  tried  the 
book  on  its  "length,  breadth,  and  depth  ;" 
or  perhaps  he  wishes  to  confound  the  two 
authors.) 

Bossut  (Abbe"  Charles),  a  celebrated 
mathematician  (1730-1814). 

(Sir  Richard  Phillips  assumed  a  host 
of  popular  names,  amongst  others  that  of 
M.  ['Abbe'  Bossut  in  several  educational 
works  in  French.) 

Bosta'na,  one  of  the  two  daughters 
of  the  old  man  who  entrapped  prince 
Assad  in  order  to  offer  him  in  sacrifice 
on  "the  fiery  mountain."  His  other 
daughter  was  named  Cava'ma.  The  old 
man  enjoined  these  two  daughters  tr 
scourge  the  prince  daily  with  the  bas- 
tinado and  feed  him  with  bread  and 
water  till  the  day  of  sacrifice  arrived. 
After  a  time,  the  heart  of  Bostana  soft- 
ened towards  her  captive,  and  she  re- 
leased him.  Whereupon  his  brother 
Amgiad,  out  of  gratitude,  made  her  his 
wife,  and  became  in  time  king  of  the  city 
in  which  he  was  already  vizier. — Arabian 
Nights  ("  Amgiad  and  Assad"). 

Bostock,  a  coxcomb,  cracked  on  the 
point  of  aristocracy  and  family  birth. 
His  one  and  only  inquiry  is  "  How  many 
quarterings  has  a  person  got  ?  "  Descent 
from  the  nobility  with  him  covers  a 
multitude  of  sins,  and  a  man  is  no  one, 
whatever  his  personal  merit,  who  "  is 
not  a  sprig  of  the  nobility  " — James 
Shirley,  The  Ball  (1642). 

Bot'any  (Father  of  English),  W. 
Turner,  M.D.  (1520-15G8). 

J.  P.  de  Tournefort  is  called  The  Father 
of  Botany  (1656-1708). 

%*  Antony  de  Jussieu  lived  1686- 
1758,  and  his  brother  Bernard  1699-1777. 

Both. well  (Sergeant),  alias  Francin 
Stewart,  in  the  royal  army. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bothwcll  (Lady),  6ister  of  ladj 
Forester. 


Hnl  n.Kl)  BEER. 


125 


B01 


Sir  '.  thwell,  the  hushand  of 

lady  BothweU. 

Mir  lint  Bothwstl.  in  the  intro- 
doctioo  of  the  itory.  Aunt  Margaret 
proponed  to  use  Mrs.  Margaret's  tomb- 
stone  fur  her  own. — sir  w.  Sett,  Awtt 
Margarsft  .\firrvr  (time,  William  111.;. 

Bottlod  Boer.  Alexander  Nowell, 
anther  of  a  celebrated  Latin  cab 
which  Brat  appeared  in  1570,  under  the 
title  of  C/iri.^tiitntp  pistatis  prima  Insti- 
tuted, ad  usum  8chotanan  Latins  Scripta, 
In  1560  he  was  promoted  to  tlic  deanery 
of  St.  Paul's  (1507-1602).  —  Fuller, 
Wdrthiss  uf  England  ("  Uincashire"). 

Bottom  {Sick),  nn  Athenian  weaver, 
a  compound  of  profound  ignorance  and 
unbounded    conceit,    nut    without    good 

nature  and  a  fair  dash  of  mother-wit. 
When    the    play    of    PiramtU    <in<t 

■  .   Bottom   covets  every  part;  the 

lion,   Thishr,    Tyranuis,   all   have  charms 

for  him.  In  order  to  punish  Titan'ia,  the 
fairy-king  made  her  dote  on  Bottom,  on 
whom  Puck  had  planed  an  ass's  head.  - 
Bhakespeare,  Midsummer  NighCt  Drt  am, 

Whfn    G  I  -'ji  "f    thf*  nttrnlit.il   wlilrli   n 

dlin>  inn  monkc9  .'.ttnirti'.l  in  :i  BOfl  i.   "  1     in 

SO  that  Ifl  w.  i!.     and  ml  iOOUl    t.i  attempt  it,   1. 

playing  "  Bottom."— R.  G.  White. 

Bottomless  Pit  (7V),  a  ludicrous 
sobriquet  oi  William  Pitt,  who  was  re- 
markably thin  (1759   1806). 

Boubekir'    Muez'in,  of    Ba 

"a  vain,  proud,  and  envious  iman, 
who  hated  the  rich  because  he  him- 
self    was     i r."       Whin     prince     Xcyn 

Alaanam  ca to  the  city,  In-  told   the 

to  beware  of  him.  for  probably  he 
'some  thief  who  had  made  himself 
rich  by  plunder."    Tin.' prince's  at'. 

railed  on  him,  put  into  his  hand  a  purse 

r.f  gold,  and  requested  the  honour  of  Ids 
acquaintance.     Next  day,  after  nn 

,  the  itnan  said  to  the  |  eople,  "  1 

ly  brethren,  that  the  stronger  who 

is  eon  lad  is  a  3  "im;   prince 

of    a    thousand    virtues,  ami 

Worthy  the  love  of  nil  men.  Let  us  pro- 
tect him,  and  rejoice  that  he  lias  come 
among  us."  Arabian  Sight*  ("Prince 
Zcyn  Alasnam  "). 

hi    .>f    Flati- 

d<  iJ,  ol    in.  t    honourable  d<  km  tit.     He 

t  •nlphe 

.     In   I  127  <  harlcs  "the 

carl  cif    Flanders,  made  a  law  that 

'  till  manumitted, 
■Jul  whoever  married  a  serf  became 
a    serf.     Now,    Bertulphe'a    fathei 


Than. :  -d  Bertulphe,  who  had 

raised  himself  to  wealth  and  j_*nnt  honour, 
:  i ■  .til  because  Ins  father 
was  not  manumitted.     By  the  same  law 
Bouchard,   although   a   knight  of  royai 

hi 1.  became  Thancn 

he    married    I  .   the   daughl  ' 

Bertulphe  (provost  of  Bru 
resull  "f  this  absurd  lau 
Bertul]  i 

I  ace  went  mad  an  ochara 

and  Thanemai  si.  ier  in  Bghij 

ami  all  Bruges  was  throw  n  into  confusion, 
— S.    Knowles,    Ths  Provost  of    .         « 

Bought  Wit  is  Dear.     W 
gained  by  experience  is  dearly  bought.—* 
<;.    Gascoigne,    Magnum     Voctiyai,    etc, 

(died    lo77). 

Bou'illon     (I  fmks    of),    a 

crusader  (1058  1100),  introduced  in  i 
of  Paris,  a  aovel  by  sir  \\ . 

(time,  Util'i.     , 

Bounce  (Mr.  7".),  n  nickname 
in  i  ^..;  i..  'I'.  Barnes,  i  ditor 
(or  the  Turnabout,  as  it  was  .-ailed). 

Bound'erby 

hanker  and    mill-owner,  the   "  Bully  of 

Humility,"  a  big,  loud  man,  with  an  iron 

stare  and  metallic  laugh.     Mr.  Bounderby 

on  of   Mr~.   P(  gler,  an  old  woman, 

tn  whom  he  pays  £80  a  year  to  k.- 

of  Bight,  and   in   a   boasting  way  he   pr.  - 

tends  that  "he  was  dragged  up  from  the 

gutter  to  become  a  millionaire."  Mr. 
Bounderby  marries  Louisa,  daughter  of 

his   neighbour  and  friend,  'I  • 

grind,    Esq.,    Ml'.     G    Dickens,   J/ant 

i 

Bountiful    (Lady),    widow    of    sir 

Charles  Bountiful.  Her  delight  wan 
curing  the  parish  sick  ami  relieving  the 
indigent. 

M)   I.,. I.   Bnmliita]  l«  DM  Of  tb«  I       •     '   »        -n.      Ilrr 
late  liiul 

rhurllal  ' 

«h«  hiu  cur»M  in. 


.  II.: 


Uiat'l  aU>l.t  w<>n]  .  .  .I.ar.  Th$  auu 

ftn.  I.  1 

Bounty 

Christian, 
routine 
Island  i     Arc]    pclago).       In 

.1   the  mil!  il 

iith),  wli«.  I 
his   name  to  John    '  •    a 

model  patriarch  of  tin-  colony,  which  was 

hiken  under  the  protection  uf  the  British 

ment  in    1 889.      Lord    Bj  i 


BOUSTRAPA. 


126 


BOYS. 


The  Island,  has  made  the  "mutiny  of 
the  Bounty  "  the  basis  of  his  tale,  but  the 
facts  are  greatly  distorted. 

Bous'trapa,  a  nickname  given  to 
Napoleon  III.  It  is  compounded  of  tha 
first  syllables  of  Boulogne],  Stra- 
[sbourg],  Pa[ris],  and  alludes  to  his 
escapades  in«l  840,  1836,  1851  (coup  d'etat). 

No  man  ever  lived  who  was  dis- 
tinguished by  more  nicknames  than  Louis 
Napoleon.  Besides  the  one  above  men- 
tioned, he  was  called  Badinguet,  Man  of 
December,  Man  of  Sedan,  Ratipol,  Ver- 
hriel,  etc.  ;  and  after  his  escape  from  the 
fortress  of  Ham  he  went  by  the  pseudonym 
of  count  Arenenberj. 

Bow  Church.  (London).  Stow  gives 
two  derivations :  (1)  He  says  it  was  so 
called  because  it  was  the  first  church  in 
London  built  on  arches.  This  is  the 
derivation  most  usually  accepted.  (2) 
He  says  also  it  took  its  name  from  certain 
stone  arches  supporting  a  lantern  on  the 
top  of  the  tower. 

Bower  of  Bliss,  a  garden  belonging 
to  the  enchantress  Armi'da.  It  abounded 
in  everything  that  could  contribute  to 
earthly  pleasure.  Here  Rinal'do  spent 
some  time  in  love-passages  with  Armi'da, 
but  he  ultimately  broke  from  the  enchan- 
tress and  rejoined  the  war. — Tasso,  Jeru- 
salem Delivered  (1575). 

Bower  of  Bliss,  the  residence  of  the 
witch  Acras'ia,  a  beautiful  and  most 
fascinating  woman.  This  lovely  garden 
was  situated  on  a  floating  island  filled 
with  everything  which  could  conduce  to 
enchant  the  senses,  and  "wrap  the  spirit 
in  forgetfulness." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
ii.  12(1590). 

Bowkit,  in  The  Son-in-Law. 

In  the  scene  where  Cranky  declines  to  accept  Bowkit  as 
son. in-law  on  account  of  his  ugliness.  John  Bdwln,  who 
was  playing  "Bowkit  "at  the  Hay  market,  attend  in  atone 
of  surprise,  >'<7;?y/'*  and  then  advancing  to  the  lamps,  said 
witn  Infinite  impertinence,  "I  submit  to  the  decUion  of 
the  British  public  which  is  the  ugliest  fellow  of  us  three  : 
I,  old  Cranky,  or  that  gentleman  then-  in  the  front  row 
of  the  balcony  box  t "— Cornhill  MagaMhu  11867). 

Bowley  (Sir  Joseph),  M.P.,  who 
facetiously  called  himself  "the  poor  man's 
friend."  His  secretary  is  Fish. — C. 
Dickens,  Tlie  Chimes  (1844). 

Bowling  (Lieutenant  Tom),  an  ad- 
mirable naval  character  in  Smollett's 
R<»lerick  Random.  Dibdin  wrote  a  naval 
gong  in  memoriam  of  Tom  Bowling,  be- 
ginning thus : 

Here  a  sheer  hulk  lies  poor  Tom  Bowling, 
Tho  darling  of  the  crew  .  .  . 


Bowyer  (Master),  usher  of  the  black 
rod  in  the  court  of  oueen  Elizabeth. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Kenilvcorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bowzybe'us  (4  syl.),  the  drunkard, 
noted  for  his  songs  in  Gay's  pastorals, 
called  The  Shepherd's  Week.  He  sang 
of  "  Nature's  Laws,"  of  "  Fairs  and 
Shows,"  "The  Children  in  the  Wood," 
"Chevy  Chase,"  "Taffey  Welsh," 
"Rosamond's  Bower,"  "  Liily-bullero,' 
etc.  The  6th  pastoral  is  in  imitation  of 
Virgil's  6th  Eel.,  and  Bowzybe'us  is  a 
vulgarized  Silenus. 

That  Bowzybeus,  who  with  Jocund  tongue. 
Ballads,  and  roundelays,  and  catches  sung. 

Gay.  PaUoraX,  vL  (1714). 

Box  and  Cox,  a  dramatic  romance, 
by  J.  M.  Morton,  the  principal  characters 
of  which  are  Box  and  Cox. 

Boy  Bachelor  (The),  William  Wot- 
ton,  D.D.,  admitted  at  St.  Catherine's 
Hall,  Cambridge,  before  he  was  ten,  and 
to  his  degree  of  B.A.  when  he  was  twelve 
and  a  half  (1666-1726). 

Boy  Bishop  (The),  St.  Nicholas,  the 
patron  saint  of  boys  (fourth  century). 

(There  was  also  an  ancient  custom  of 
choosing  a  boy  from  the  cathedral  choir 
on  St.  Nicholas'  Day  (December  6)  as  a 
mock  bishop.  This  boy  possessed  certain 
privileges,  and  if  he  died  during  the  year 
was  buried  in  pontiticalibus.  The  custom 
was  abolished  by  Henry  VIII.  In  Salis- 
bury Cathedral  visitors  are  shown  a  small 
sarcophagus,  which  the  verger  says  was 
made  for  a  boy  bishop.) 

Boy  Crucified.  It  is  said  that 
some  time  during  the  dark  ages,  a  boy 
named  Werner  was  impiously  crucified  at 
Bacharach  on  the  Rhine,  by  the  Jews.  A 
little  chapel  erected  to  the  memory  of  this 
boy  stands  on  the  walls  of  the  town,  close 
to  the  river.  Hugh  of  Lincoln  and 
William  of  Norwich  are  instances  of  a 
similar  story. 

See  how  its  currents  gleam  and  shine  .  .  . 
As  if  the  grajies  were  stained  with  the  blood 
Of  the  Innocent  boy  who,  some  years  back. 
Was  taken  and  crucified  bj  Use  Jews 
In  that  ancient  town  of  Bacharach. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend 

Boys  (sea-term)  has  no  reference  to 
age,  but  only  to  experience ;  a  boy  may 
be  50  or  any  other  age.  A  crew  is 
divided  into  (1)  able  seamen  or  seamen, 
(2)  ordinary  seamen,  (3)  boys  or  green- 
horns. When  a  person  enters  himself  as 
a  boy,  he  is  not  required  to  know  anything 
about  the  practical  working  of  the  vessel, 
but    able    Beamen    and    ordinary    seauicu 


BOYET. 


127 


r.i:.\ii\v.\i:iJiNE. 


must  possess  a  certain  amount  of  expe- 
rience. 

Then  is  a  sea  axiom,  A  "'»"/"  does  not 
ship  to  know  anything,  that  is,  when  a 
pc  non  accepts  t hi.-  office  of  "  boy  "  on 
board  ship,  lie  does  not  profess  to  know 
anything  of  his  duty,  not  even  the  names 
of  the  ropes,  or  the  distinction  between 
stem  and  stern. 

Boyet',  one  of  the  lords  attend  in<;  on 
the  princess  of  France. — Shakespeare, 
Love's  Labour's  Lost  (1594). 

Boythorn  (Laurence),  a  robust 
gentleman  with  the  voice  of  a  Stentor, 
Mnd  a  friend  of  Mr.  .Tarndyee.  He  would, 
utter  the  most  ferocious  sentiments,  while 
at  the  same  time  he  fondled  a  pet  canary 
on  his  linger.  Once  on  B  time  he  had 
been  in  love  with  Miss  Barbary,  lady 
Dedlock'8  sister.  But  "the  good  old 
times  all  times  when  old  are  good  -were 
gone."— C.  Dickens.  Bleak  House  (1853). 

("Laurence  Boythorn"  is  a  photo- 
graph of  W.  S.  Landor;  as  "Harold 
Bkimpole,"  in  the  same  story,  is  drawn 
from  Leigh  Hunt.) 

Boz,  Charles  Dickens.  It  was  the 
ntoknametof  a  pet  brother  dubbed  Most «. 
in  honour  of  "Moses  Primrose'1  in  the 
Vicar  of  Wakefield.  Children  called  the 
name  oozes,  which  got  shortened  into 
Bos  (1812-1870). 

Wh  I  the  dlckani  "Iloz"  couM  be 
I'lizzlcl  in;iny  .1  l.armtl  v'tf  ; 

But  tlmt.  ravwed  On-  m 
And  "  buz  "  ti|>|>eiired  hs  Dickens'  *lf. 

Epigram  un  Uio  !">■  ffcmtim. 

Bozzy,  .lames  Boswell,  the  gossipy 
biographer  of  Dr.  Johnson  (1740-1795). 

Braban'tio,  a  senator  of  Venice, 
father  of  Desdemo'ua  ;  most  proud, 
arrogant,  and  overbearing.  He  thought 
the  "  insolence "  of  Othello  in  marrying 
his  daughter  unpardonable,  and  that 
Desdemona  must  have  been  drugged  with 

lOTC-potionS  so  to  demean  In  rself. — 
Shakespeare,  Othello  (KJll). 

Brac'cio,  commissary  of  the  republic 
of    Florence,    employed    In   picking    np 

every    item     of     scandal     he     could     find 

against  Lu'ria  the  noble  Moor,  who  com- 
manded the  army  of  Florence  against  the 

The  Flon  otinea  hoped  to  find 
sufficient  cause  of  blame  to  lessen  "r 
wholly  cancel  their  obligations  to  the 
Moor,  but  even   Braccio  was  obliged   to 

"This  Moor  hath  borne  his 
faculties  so  meek,  hath  been  so  clear  ia 
his    rai  that  his  virtues   would 

pha.l    Ukc  trumpet  tongued," 


•  thecounci]  which  should  censure 
him.  —  Robert  Bron  ni 

Brac'idas  and  Am'idas,  the  two 
pons  of  Milc'sio,  the  former 
the  wealthy   Philtra,  and  the  latt.  - 
the    dowerless    Lucv.  :er    at 

equal  size  and  value,  but  the  sea  daily 

encroached  on  that  of  the  elder  I 

and  added  to  the  island  "f  a 

rich  Philtra  n<  >\v  forsook  Bracidaa  f<.r  the 

richer  brother,  and    l.u <■•  herself 

forsaken,  jumped  into  the  M  a.     A  floating 

Chest  attracted  her  attention,  she  clung  to 

it,  and  was    Iril'ted  to  the  9  . 

where    J'raeidas     received     b(  r     kindly 

The  cheSn  was   found   to  contain  i  l 

of    great    value,   and    Lucy    gave    it   to 
Bracidaa,   together    with    herself,    "the 

better    of    them      both."      Amidas     and 
Philtra  claimed  the  chest  as  their  right, 
and    the   dispute    was     submitted    I 
Ar'tegal.      sir     Artegal     decided     that 

whereas  Amidas  claimed  as  his  I 
the  additions  which  the  sea  had 
to  his  island,  *o  Lucy   might  clam 

own  the  che-t  which  the  sea  had  given 
into  her  hands.— S 

v.  4  (15%). 

Bracy  (>Vr  Mawrioa  de),  a  follow,  r 
of  prince  John.    He  sues  the  lady  I;. 

ime  his  bride,  and  threaten-  • 

both  Cedric  and  Ivanhoe  if  she  r. 

The  interview  is  intercepted,  and  at  the 

close    of    the    novel     Rowena     marries 

Ivanhoe. — Sir  \V.   Scott,    Ivanhoe  (time, 
Bichard  I.). 

Brad'ainant.  daughter  of  Amon  and 
Be itri.  i  :   Rinaldo,  and  oi< 

Charlen  -  te  was  called  the 

Her  armour  was  white,  ai 
plume    white,     she    i  i  i  the 

Moor,   but    refused  to   marry  him  till  he 

was  baptised.  Her  marriage  >%  i j "• 
pomp  and    Kogi  ro'a  \  icl  t>i  j    o\  er   R 

liiont.  form  the  BUbjed  of  the  last  hock  of 

Orland  •  Bradamai  I 

an  irresistible  spear,  which  unhorsed  any 

knight   with    ■   touch,      lint. .mart   had    ■ 
similar    spear.  —  liojard    .  /nni- 

:     \ I 

(1516). 

BradTooiirno      (Mistr\  n      I 
waiting-woman  of  lad] 
ui    Ivenel  I  !aatle.     Sir    Vf.  I 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

B  adwaxdine     c  '<mf), 

baron    of    Bradwardine    and    of    fully 


BRADY. 


128 


Veolan.  He  is  very  pedantic,  but  brave 
and  gallant. 

Hose  Bradwardine,  his  daughter,  the 
heroine  of  the  novel,  which  concludes 
with  her  marriage  with  Waverley,  and 
the  restoration  of  the  manor-house  of 
Tully  Veolan. 

Malcolm  Bradwardine  of  Inchgrabbit,  a 
relation  of  the  old  baron. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
W'lverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Brady  {Martha),  a  young  "  Irish 
widow,"  23  years  of  age,  and  in  love 
with  William  Whittle.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  sir  Patrick  O'Neale.  Old 
Thomas  Whittle,  the  uncle,  a  man  of 
63,  wanted  to  oust  his  nephew  in  her  affec- 
tions, for  he  thought  her  "so  modest, 
so  mild,  so  tender-hearted,  so  reserved, 
so  domestic.  Her  voice  was  so  sweet, 
with  just  a  soupcon  of  the  brogue  to 
make  it  enchanting."  In  order  to  break 
off  this  detestable  passion  of  the  old  man, 
the  widow  assumed  the  airs  and  manners 
of  a  boisterous,  loud,  flaunting,  extrava- 
gant, low  Irishwoman,  deeply  in  debt, 
and  abandoned  to  pleasure.  Old  Whittle, 
thoroughly  frightened,  induced  his 
nephew  to  take  the  widow  off  his  hands, 
and  gave  him  £5000  as  a  douceur  for 
so  doing. — Garrick,  The  Irish  Widow 
(1757). 

Brag  (Jack),  a  vulgar  boaster,  who 
gets  into  good  society,  where  his  vulgarity 
stands  out  in  strong  relief. — Theodore 
Hook,  Jack  Brag  (a  novel). 

Brag  (Sir  Jack),  general  John  Burgoyne 
(died  1792). 

Braganza  ( The),  the  largest  diamond 
in  existence,  its  weight  being  1680  carats. 
It  is  uncut,  and  its  value  is  £58,350,000. 
It  is  now  among  the  crown  jewels  of 
Portugal. 

***  It  is  thought  that  this  diamond, 
which  is  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg,  is  in  reality 
a  white  topaz. 

Braganza  (Jttan  duke  of).  In  1580 
Philip  II.  of  Spain  claimed  the  crown  of 
Portugal,  and  governed  it  by  a  regent. 
In  1C40  Margaret  was  regent,  and  Velas- 
quez her  chief  minister,  a  man  exceed- 
ingly obnoxious  to  the  Portuguese.  Don 
Juab  and  his  wife  Louisa  of  Braganza 
being  very  popular,  a  conspiracy  was 
formed  to  shake  off  the  Spanish  yoke. 
Velasquez  was  torn  to  death  by  the 
populace,  and  don  Juan  of  Braganza  was 
proclaimed  king. 


BRAMBLE. 

Louisa  duchess  of  Braganza.  Hef 
character  is  thus  described  : 

Bright  Louisa. 
To  all  the  softness  of  lier  tender  sex. 
Unites  the  noblest  qualities  of  man  : 
A  genius  to  embrace  the  amplest  schemes  .  .  . 
Judgment  most  sound,  persuasive  eloquence  .  .  . 
Pure  piety  without  religious  dro-s. 
And  fortitude  that  shrinks  at  no  disaster. 

Robert  Jephson,  Braganza,  L  1  (1775). 
Mrs.  Bellamy  took  her  leave  of  Uie  stage  May  24,  1785. 
On  tli  is  occasion   Mrs.   Yates  sustained  the  part  of  the 
"duchess    of    Braganza,"  and    Miss    Farren    spoke  the 
address.— F.  Reynolds. 

Bragela,  daughter  of  Sorglan,  and 
wife  of  Cuthullin  (general  of.  the  Irish 
army  and  regent  during  the  minority  of 
king  Cormac). — Ossian,  Fingal. 

Braggado'chio,  personification  of 
the  intemperance  of  the  tongue.  For 
a  time  his  boasting  serves  him  with 
some  profit,  but  being  found  out  he  is 
stripped  of  his  borrowed  plumes.  Hia 
shield  is  claimed  by  Mar'inel  ;  his  horse 
by  Guyon ;  Talus  "shaves  off  his  beard  ; 
and  his  lady  is  shown  to  be  a  sham 
Florimel.— Spenser,  Fabry  Queen,  iii.  8 
and  10,  with  v.  3. 

It  is  thought  that  Philip  of  Spain  waa 
the  academy  figure  of  "  Braggadochio." 

BrtK/gaduchiu's  Sword,  San'glamore 
(3  syl.). 

Bragh  [brow].  Go  bragh  (Irish), 
"  forever." 

One  dying  wish  my  bosom  can  draw ; 
Erin  !    an  exile  beqiMAths  thee  his  blessing. 
Laud  of  my  forefathers,  Erin  go  bragh  1 

Campl<«ll,  ilxile  of  Erin, 

Bragmar'do  (Jano'tus  de),  the 
sophister  sent  by  the  Parisians  to  Gar- 
gantua,  to  remonstrate  with  him  for 
carrying  off  the  bells  of  Notre-Dame  to 
suspend  round  the  neck  of  his  mare  for 
jingles. — Rabelais,  Gargantua  and  Fan- 
tojfrueP,  ii.  (1533). 

Brain'worrn,  the  servant  of  Kno  - 
well,  a  man  of  infinite  shifts,  and  a 
regular  Proteus  in  his  metamorphoses. 
He  appears  first  as  Brainworm  ;  after  as 
Fitz-Sword  ;  then  as  a  reformed  soldier 
whom  Knowell  takes  into  his  service ; 
then  as  justice  Clement's  man ;  and 
lastly  as  valet  to  the  courts  of  law,  by 
which  devices  he  plays  upon  the  same 
clique  of  some  half-dozen  men  of  average 
intelligence. — Ben  Jonson,  Every  Man  in 
JJis  Humour  (1598). 

Brakel  (Adrian),  the  gipsy  mounte- 
bank, formerly  master  of  Fenella,  the 
deaf  and  dumb  girl. — Sir  W.  .Scott, 
Peveril  of  tlie  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bramble  (Matthew),  an  "  odd  kind  of 


BRAMBLE. 


129 


BRANGT0N8. 


bamonrist,"  "always  on  the  fret," 
peptic,    and    afti  gout,    i.iit 

benevolent,  generous,  and  kind-hearted. 

.1/  trnble,  an  old  maiden 

■ister  of  Matthew  Bramble,  of  some   15 
.  re,  noted   for  her  bad 

ling.       She    is    starch,     vain,    prim,    and 

ridiculous;  Boured  in  temper,  proud, 
imperious,  prying,  mean,  malicious,  and 
uncharitable,  one  contrives  at  last  to 
marry  captain  Lismaha'go,  who  is  content 

tii  take  "  the  maiden  "  fcrtho  sake  of  her 
£4000. 

"Sm   l.i  UI1,  mw-boncd.   awkward,   flatrlnsted.  and 
hat  complexion   i<  uJIow  and   freckled;  bai 
I  -xeniah,  like  those  of  ■ 

■enanllj  Inflamed;   bei  •  »r  rath. r  of  a 

,    ber  forehead  low;   her  dom  long,  iharp,  a,1,l 
towards  the  ailieiultj  always  red  in  cold  weather;  her 
lips  skinny  ;  bar  mouth  exUlislri  ;    bar  I 
.  in  and  oonfonn  i 

h   thriveOad    into   ;i   thouaand    wrinkles." — T. 

Riii..llott.  r*«  Expedition  <■/  Humphry  Clinkrr  (1771). 

%*  "Matthew  Bramble"  is  "  Roderick 
Random  "  grown  old,  somewhat  cynical  by 
experience  of  the  world,  but  vastly  im- 
proved in  taste. 

Smollett  took  some  of  the  incidents  of  the  funiilr  t<ur 
fr.nu  "  An  ley's.  New  Bath  Guide."— Chambers,  L'ngluh 
Literature,  li. 

Bramble  |  .  a  baronet  living 

at  Blackberry  Hall,  Kent.  Blunt  and 
testy,  but  kind-hearted ;  "charitable  as  a 
Christian,  and  rich  as  n  Jew;"  fund  of 
argument  and  contradiction,  but  de- 
testing flattery  ;  very  proud,  but  most 
considerate  to  bid  poorer  neighbours.  In 
his  first  interview  with  lieutenant  Wat- 
thington  "the  poor  gentleman/1  the 
lieutenant  mistook  him  for  a  bailiff  come 
to  arrest  him,  but  sir  Robert  nobly  paid 
the  hill  for  £500 when  it  was  i 
him  for  signature  as  sheriff  or  the  county. 

*#*  "Sir  Robert  Bramble"  is  the  same 

ty| f  character  as  Sheridan's  "sir  An- 

thony  Absolute." 

Frederick  Bramble,  nephew  of  si  r 
Robert,  and  son  of  Joseph  Bramble  a 
Russian  merchant.  His  father  having 
failed  in  business,  Frederick  was  adopted 
by  his  rich  uncle.  He  is  full  of  life  and 
noble  instincts,  bnt  thoughtless  ami 
impulsive.  Frederick  falls  in  love  with 
Emily  Worthington,  whom  he  marries. — 
(J.  Colman,  I  ■  ntleman  1 1 

Bra'mino    (2   ay/.)  and  Bra'niin 

Mr-.  Elizabeth  Draper  and  Laurence 

Sterne.     Sterne  being  a  clergyman,  and 

Mr.   Draper  being  bora   in    India,  sug- 

the  names.     Ten  of  Sterne's  letters 

.  Draper  are  published,  and  called 

Br-'.  ,-  of  Lamderg  the  lover 


of  Gelchossa   (daughter   of   Tuathal).— 

kiu_'  of  Rforven  had  a  dog 
of  the   Same    name,   and    am. 

Luath. 

Bra    and    the  surly   strength  of 

Lu.ith— o..,Lui.  /',n;il,  »L 

Brand  (Sir  Denys),  a  county  ma^rniite, 
who  apes   humility.     I le   rid 
brown  nag  "not  worth  66,"  but  i 
bis  groom  on  a  race-horse  "twice  » 
for  a  plate." 

Bran'damond  of  Damascus,  whom 
sir  Bt  vis  of  Southampton  deft 

Iftd  baltla  wfaara  with  Braodaaoad  ba  ' 

Ami   well    his  sword   and    steed    such   earth!)     ».        -i 

■rUllgUt 
As  e'en  among  his  foes  him  admiration  won. 

M.  l»ni)t..n.  l-olyoltnvn.  11  (1«12). 

Bran'dan  {Island  of  St.)  or  Island 
op  Sam   Boh  w'h.w.  b  flyiu  ■ 
late  as  1755   Bet   down   in   geographical 
charts    west    of    the    Canary    group.      In 

\~i\  an  expeilili'  by  Spain  in 

qnesi  th<  reof.     I  ai    S]  ani  ixdj  my  their 
king   Rodri'go  has   retn  ated  1 

mi  that  it  : 

of  their  dou  Sebastian.     It  was  called  St. 
Brandan  from  a  navigator  of  tl  i 

century,    who     went     in     Search    of    the 

"  Islands  of  Para 

■y  ftj  (bra  IntiE  time  a  matter  of  firm  ' 

m  of  AnniMa,  whole  Rlnaldo  eras  dotal 

which  Ikaao  places  in  one  of  the  t  anary   Mrs,  tuu  U»  a 

Identified  with  Ban  Botmndan.— W.  taring, 

(If   there    is    any   truth    at    all    in    the 

legend,  the  island  must  be  ascribed  to 
the  Fata  Morgana.) 

Bran'deum,  pin.  Brand  i.  a  piece 
of  cloth  enclosed  in  s  bos  with  relics, 
which  thus  acquired  the  same  miraculous 
powers  as  the  relics  thi 

rentured  I 
through   a 

Bran'ilimnrt,  brother-in-law  of 
Orlando,  son  ol  M  ,  and  husband 

of  For'delis.     This  "  king  of  the  1 
Islands"  iras  one  of  the  bravest  knights 
in  Charlema  rne's  army,  nnd  was  slain  by 
Gradasso.     i 

l  ol''.  I. 

Brandy  Nan. 

•  brandy  (1664  171 1). 

Intbetnreh, 

Brangtona   I  i  •    .  vulgar,   \> 
malicious  gossips  in  KvcHtui,  a  norsj  bj 
Barney  (17i 


BRANNO. 


130 


BRAZEN  HEAD. 


Branno,  an  Irishman,  father  of 
Evirallin.  Evirallin  was  the  wife  of 
Ossian  and  mother  of  Oscar. — Ossian. 

Brass,  the  roguish  confederate  of 
Dick  Amlet,  and  acting  as  his  servant. 

"  I  am  your  valet,  'tis  true  ;  your  footman  sometimes  .  .  . 
but  you  have  always  had  the  ascendant,  I  confess.  When 
we  were  school-fellows,  you  made  me  carry  your  books, 
make  your  exercise,  own  your  rogueries,  and  sometimes 
take  a  whipping  for  you.  When  we  were  fellow-prentices, 
though  I  was  your  senior,  you  made  me  open  the  shop, 
clean  my  master's  boots,  cut  last  at  dinner,  and  eat  all  the 
crusts.  In  your  sins,  too,  I  must  own  you  still  kept  me 
under  ;  you  soared  up  to  the  mill  I  nm.  while  I  was  content 
with  the  maid." — Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  The  Confederacy, 
lii.  1  (161*5). 

Brass  (Sampson),  a  knavish,  servile 
attorney,  affecting  great  sympathy  with 
his  clients,  but  in  reality  fleecing  them 
without  mercy. 

Sally  Brass,  Sampson's  sister,  and  an 
».\;iu'!_rerated  edition  of  her  brother. — 
('.  Dickens,  Old  Curiosity  Shop  (1840). 

Brave  ( The),  Alfonzo  IV.  of  Portu- 
gal (1290-1357). 

The  Brave  Fleming,  John  Andrew  van 
der  Mersch  (17;;  1-1792). 

The  Bravest  of  the  Brave,  Marshal  Nev, 
Le  Brave  des  Braves  (17G9-1815). 

Brawn.  One  day  a  little  boy  came 
into  king  Arthur's  court,  and,  drawing  his 
wand  over  a  boar's  head,  exclaimed, 
"  There's  never  a  cuckold's  knife  can  cut 
this  head  of  brawn  !  "  and,  lo  !  no  knight 
except  sir  Cradock  was  able  to  carve  it. — 
Percy,  Jieliques,  III.  iii.18. 

Bray  {Mr.),  a  selfish,  miserly  old  man, 
who  dies  suddenly  of  heart-disease,  just 
in  time  to  save  his  daughter  being  sacri- 
ficed to  Arthur  Gride,  a  rich  old  miser. 

Madeline  Bra;/,  daughter  of  Mr.  Bray, 
a  loving,  domestic,  beautiful  girl,  who 
marries  Nicholas  Nickleby. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Bray  ( Vicar  of),  supposed  by  some  to 
be  Simon  Aleyn,  who  lived  (^says  Fuller) 
"in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII.,  Edward 
VI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth.  In  the  first 
two  reigns  he  was  aprotcstant,  in  Mary's 
reign  a  catholic,  and  in  Elizabeth's  a 
protestant  again."  No  matter  who  was 
King,  Simon  Alevn  resolved  to  live  and 
die  "  the  vicar  of  Bray  "  (1540-1688). 

Others  think  the  vicar  was  Simon 
S\  moods,  who  (according  to  Kay),  was 
an  independent  in  the  protectorate,  a  high 
c'lurclonan  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  a 
papist  undt:r  James  II.,  and  a  moderate 
churchman  in  the  reign  of  William  111. 

Others  again  give  the  cap  to  one  Pen- 
dleton. 

***  The  well-known  sonjr  was  written 


by  an  officer  in  colonel  Fuller's  regiment, 
in  the  reign  of  George  I.,  and  seems  to 
refer  to  some  clergyman  of  no  very  distant 
date. 

Bray'more  (Lady  Caroline),  daughter 
of  lord  Fitz-Balaam.  She  was  to  have 
married  Frank  Rochdale,  but  hearing  that 
her  "  intended  "  loved  Mary  Thornberry, 
she  married  the  Hon.  Tom  Shuffleton. — 
G.  Colman,  jun.,  John  Bull  (1805). 

Braywick,  the  town  of  asses.  An 
alderman  of  Braywick,  having  lost  his 
donkey,  went  fourteen  days  in  search  of 
it;  then  meeting  a  brother  alderman,  they 
agreed  to  retire  to  the  two  opposite  sides 
of  a  mountain  and  bray,  in  hopes  that  the 
donkey  would  answer,  and  thus  reveal 
its  place  of  concealment.  This  led  to 
a  public  scandal,  insomuch  that  the 
people  of  Braywick  had  to  take  up  arms 
in  order  to  avenge  themselves  on  those 
who  jeered  at  them. — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  ii.  7  (ltilo). 

Brazen  (Captain),  a  kind  of  Bobadil. 
A  boastful,  tongue-doughty  warrior,  who 
pretends  to  know  everybody ;  to  have  a 
liaison  with  every  wealthy,  pretty,  or 
distinguished  woman ;  and  to  have 
achieved  in  war  the  most  amazing 
prodigies. 

He  knows  everybody  at  first  sight ;  his  impudence  were 
a  prodigy,  were  not  hi*  btnonnoe  proportionable.  He  has 

the  most  universal  acquaintance  of  any  man  thing,  for  he 
won't  be  alone,  tint  nobody  WW  keep  him  company  twice. 
Then  hell  ft  Canier  among  the  women;  >'.  ni.  ndi.  rk-t.  that's 
all.  If  he  bai  but  talkc-d  with  the  maid,  he  swears  he  has 
[corrupted]  the  nuatreei  i  hut  1 1 , *  ag  part  of 

his  character  Is  his  memory,  which  is  Uie  most  prodigious 
and  the  most  triflinw  in  the  world.— G.  Farquhar,  Th4 
KecruUinj  UJJwcr.  iii.  1  117U5). 

Brazen  Age,  the  age  of  war  and 
violence.  The  age  of  innocence  was  the 
golden  age  ;  then  followed  the  silver  age  ; 
then  the  brazen  age ;  and  the  present  is 
the  iron  age,  or  the  age  of  hardware  and 
railroads. 

Brazen  Head.  The  first  on  record 
is  one  which  Silvester  II.  (Gerbcrt)  pos- 
it told  him  he  would  be  pope, 
and  not  die  till  he  had  sung  mass  at  Jeru- 
salem. When  pope  he  was  stricken  with 
his  death-sickness  while  performing  mass 
in  a  church  called  Jerusalem  (999-1003). 

The  next  we  hear  of  was  made  by 
Rut',  (irosseteste  (1175-1253). 

The  third  was  the  famous  brazen  head 
of  Albertus  Magnus,  which  cost  him 
thirty  years'  labour,  and  was  broken  to 
pieces  by  his  disciple  Thomas  Aqui'nas 
(1193-1280). 

The  fourth  was  that  of  friar  Bacon, 
which  used  to  say,  "Time  is,  time  was, 


BRAZEN  HEAD. 


131 


BRETWALDA. 


time  comes."    Byron  refers  to  it  in  the 
lines : 

Like  friar  Bacona  braau  bead,  l\<-  ipofcaa, 

'•Time  U,  time  was,  time'!  paat  |tj" 

DomJuam,  I  217  (lsiu). 

Another  wa3  made  by  the  marquis  of 
Yil.iKi  of  Spain  (1884-1434).  And  a  sixth 
by  a  Polander,  a  disciple  of  Escotillo  an 
Italian. 

Brazen  Head  (The),  a  gigantic  head 
kept  in  the  castle  of  the  giant  Fer'ragufl 
of  Portugal.  It  was  omniscient,  unci 
told  those  who  consulted  it  whatever  they 
desired  to  know,  past,  present,  or  future. 
—  Valentine  2nd  Orson. 

Bread  Street  (London),  was  the 
bread-market  in  the  time  of  Edward  I. 
Here  Milton  was  born. 

Breaking  a  Stick  is  part  of  the 
marriage  ceremony  of  the  American 
Indians,  as  breaking  a  glass  is  still  part 
of  the  marriage  ceremony  of  the  Jews. — 
Ladv  Augusta  Hamilton,  Marriage  Bites, 
etc.,  292,  298. 

In  one  of  Raphael's  pictures  we  see  an 
unsuccessful  suitor  of  the  virgin  Mary 
breaking  his  stick,  and  this  alludes  to  the 
legend  that  the  several  suitors  of  the 
"virgin"  were  each  to  bring  an  almond 
stick  which  was  to  be  laid  up  in  the  sanc- 
tion over  night,  and  the  owner  of  the 
stick  which  budded  was  to  be  accounted 
the  suitor  God  ordained,  and  thus  Joseph 
became  her  husband. — B.  II.  Cowper, 
mhal  Gusjxl  ("Pseudo-Matthew's 
Gospel,    40,  41). 

In  Florence  is  a  picture  in  which  the 
rejected  suitors  break  their  sticks  on  the 
back  of  Joseph. 

Breathes  there  a  man  .  .  . 

In  allies  there  a  man  with  ml  00  dead, 

V,  1 an  r  lo  btmaall  hath  Bid, 

"Tiiii  is  my  own,  m>  naiiM-  land"! 

Sir  W.  Scott.  Lay  of  the  Uut  J/irutrcl.  vL  1  (1806). 

Brec'an,  a  mythical  kin^'  of  Wales. 
He  had  twenty-four  daughters  by  one 
wife.  These  daughters,  for  their  beauty 
am!  purity,  were  changed  into  rivers,  au 
i.f  which  now  into  the  Severn.  Breck- 
nockihire,  according  to  fable,   is  called 

after  this  king.      (Si  e  next  art.) 
dm  fartunata  and  Irani 
[Wb    '!><■.  lent  hi    naim  lo  that  hla  nubia  eaat), 
Win,  twice  !»■  !>■■  daughu  rebli  I   uly  wife. 

' 

1  ..I ;  Mhow  i  '.i.  iiwa  dotb  declare 

llo»  ,  i  by  being  what  thtj  an 

,  .  .  l«A-  I 

M.  Dm/ton,  i-oiy^Usn,  lv.  (i«r.'). 

Broc'han    (Prince),    lather    of    St. 


Cadock   and    St.    Canock,    the   fonner  a 
martyr  and  the  latter  a  confessor. 

Then  Cadock,  next  to  whom  comes  Canock,  both  which 

Prince  I'-rechan'i  eon*,  who  gave  the  name  to  Bn 

■hire ; 
The  first  a  martyr  made,  a  con  feasor  the  other. 

lira) -ton.  PolyoU/iun.  tllr.  (IS'.".'). 

Breck  (Alison),  an  old  fishwife,  friend 

>f    the    Mucklebackits.— Sir    W.     Scott, 

The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

.  (Angus),  a  follower  of  Ro 
M'Gregor.    the    outlaw.  — Sir    \V. 
liu>>  Ju  '7  ( :  i  I . ) . 

Bren'da[Tu<ni.  , daughterof  M 
'l'roii  and  sister oJ  .Minna. — Sir  \V.  - 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  111.). 

Breng'wain,  the  confidante  of  Is'olde 
(2  syl.)  wife  of  sir  Mark  king  of  Corn- 
wall.     Isolde  was  criminally  attached  to 
her  nephew  sir  Tristram,  and   Bra 
assisted  the  queen  in  her  intrigues. 

Breng'wain,  wife  of  Gwenwyn  prince  of 
Powys-land.— Sir    W.    Scott,    J  i 
trothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Brenta'no  (A),  one  of  inconceivable 
folly.  The  Brentanos,  Clemens  and  bis 
sister  Bettina,  are  remarkable  in  tier- 
man  literary  annals  for  the  wild  and 
extravagant  character  of  their  genius. 
liettina's  work,  Qoihtft  Correepondenee 
uit/i  a  Child  ■  pure  fabrication 

of  her  own. 

At  the  point  where  tti  ri  ceaate.  that  of 

the  Crenlai'.os  begins. — Oaiimm  J'rorcrb. 

Brentford  (The  two  kiwis  of).    In 

the   duke   of    Buckingham's   farce   called 

The  Rehearsal  (1671),  the  two  kii 
Brentford  enter  hand-in-hand,  dance  to- 
gether, sing  together,  walk  arm-is 
and  to  heighten  the  absurdity  the  actors 

represent  them  as  smelling  at  tin 
uosegay  (act  ii.  2). 

Bres'un.a  imall  island  upon  thl 
point  of  i  lornwalL 

i 

.  l>cak. 
H 

.    iTWlk. 

M.  Drayton,  /'.... 

Breton.    /'•' 
French  proverbial  i 
Bret  uab l;i,   I 
Saxon    rulers,   established     in    England 
during  the  heptarchy.     In  Genual 
over-king    was    i  tor.       IT* 

.,1a  had  no    power    in    th< 
of  the  under-kinga,  but  in 
of    war  or   danger   formed   an    iuiiH, riant 


BREWER  OF  GHENT. 


132 


BRIDGE  OF  SJGHS. 


Brewer  of  Ghent  [The),  James 
ran  Arteveldc,  a  great  patriot.  His  son 
Philip  fell  in  the  battle  of  Rosbccq 
(fourteenth  century). 

Brta'na,  the  lady  of  a  castle  who 
demanded  for  toll  "the  locks  of  every 
lady  and  the  beard  of  every  knight  that 
passed."  This  toll  was  established  be- 
cause sir  Crudor,  with  whom  she  was  in 
love,  refused  to  marry  her  till  she  had 
provided  him  with  human  hair  sufficient 
to  "  purfle  a  mantle  "with.  Sir  Ondor, 
having  been  overthrown  in  knightly 
combat  by  sir  Calidore,  who  refused  to 
give  "the  passage  pay,"  is  made  to 
release  Briana  from  the  condition  im- 
posed on  her,  and  Briana  swears  to  dis- 
continue the  discourteous  toll. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  vi.  1  (1596). 

Bri'anor  (Sir),  a  knight  overthrown 
by  the  "Salvage  Knight,"  whose  name 
was  sir  Artegal. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
iv.  5  (1596). 

Briar'eos  (4  syl.),  usually  called 
Briareus  [Iiri'.a.mce'],  the  giant  with  a 
hundred  hands.  Hence  Dryden  says, 
"  And  Briareus,  with  all  his  hundred 
hands"  (Virgil,  vi.)  ;  but  Milton  writes 
the  name  Briareos  (Paradise  Lost,  i.  199). 

Then,  called  by  thee,  the  monster  Titan  came, 
Whom  gods  Lriareos,  men  .'Egeon  name. 

Pope's  Iliad.  I 

Bri'areus  (Bold),  Handel  (1685- 
1757). 

Bri'areus  of  Languages,  cardinal 
Mezzofanti,  who  was  familiar  with  fifty- 
eight  difi'erent  languages.  Byron  calls 
him  "a  walking  polyglot"  (177-1-1849). 

Bribo'ci,  inhabitants  of  Berkshire 
and  the  adjacent  counties. — Caesar,  Com- 
mentaries. 

Brick  (Jefferson),  a  very  weak  pale 
young  man,  the  war  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Rowdy  Journal,  of  which 
colonel  Diver  was  editor. — C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Bride-Catching.  It  is  a  common 
Asiatic  custom  for  the  bridegroom  to 
give  chase  to  the  bride,  either  on  foot, 
horseback,  or  in  canoes.  If  the  bride- 
groom catches  the  fugitve,  he  claims  her 
as  his  bride,  otherwise  the  match  is  broken 
off.  The  classical  tales  of  Hippom'enes 
and  Atnlanta  will  instantly  recur  to  the 
reader's  memory. 

A  girl  is  first  mounted,  and  rides  off  at  full  speed.  Her 
lover  pursues,  and  if  tie  overtakes  her  she  becomes  his 
Wife.  No  Kalmuck  girl  is  over  caught  unless  she  chooses 
to  be  so.— Dr  Clarke 


In  Turcomania  the  maiden  carries  a  lamb  and  kid, 
which  must  be  taken  from  her  in  the  chase.  In  Sings* 
pore  tbe  chase  is  made  In  caines. — Cameron. 

Bride  of  Aby'dos  (The),  Zulei'ka 
(3  syl.),  daughter  of  Giaffer  (2  syl.) 
pacha  of  Abydos.  She  is  the  troth- 
plight  bride  of  Selim  ;  but  Giaffer  shoots 
the  lover,  and  Zuleika  dies  of  a  broken 
heart. — Byron,  Bride  of  Abydos  (1813). 

Bride  of  Lammermoor,  Lucy 
Ashton,  in  love  with  Edgar  master  of 
Ravenswood,  but  compelled  to  marry 
Frank  Hayston  laird  of  Buck  law.  Sh« 
tries  to  murder  him  on  the  bridal  night, 
and  dies  insane  the  day  following. —Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

%*  The  Bride  of  iMmmermoor  is  one 
of  the  most  finished  of  Scott's  novels,  pre- 
senting a  unity  of  plot  and  action  from 
beginning  to  end.  The  old  butler,  Caleb 
Buldcrston,  is  exaggerated  and  far  too 
prominent,  but  he  serves  as  a  foil  to  the 
tragic  scenes. 

In  The  bride  of  Lammermoor  we  see  embodied  the 
dark  spirit  of  fatalism — that  spirit  which  breathes  on  the 
writings  of  Uie  Greek  tragedians  when  they  traced  the  per- 
secuting vengeance  o(  destiny  gainst  the  houses  of  Laius 
and  Atretis.  From  the  time  that  we  hear  the  prophetic 
rhymes  the  spell  begins,  and  the  clouds  blacken  round 
us,  till  they  close  the  tale  in  a  night  of  horror. — Ed.  Rev. 

Bride  of  the  Sea,  "Venice,  so  called 
from  the  ancient  ceremony  of  the  doge 
marrying  the  city  to  the  Adriatic  l>y 
throwing  a  ring  into  it,  pronouncing  these 
words,  "  We  wed  thee,  O  sea,  in  token  of 
perpetual  domination." 

Bridewell  was  a  king's  palace  before 
the  Conquest.  Henry  I.  gave  the  stone 
for  rebuilding  it.  Its  name  is  from  St. 
Bride  (or  Bridget),  and  her  holy  well. 
The  well  is  now  represented  by  an  iron 
pump  in  Bride  Lane. 

Bridge.  The  imaginary  bridge  be- 
tween earth  and  the  Mohammedan  para- 
dise is  called  "  Al  Sirat'." 

The  rainbow  bridge  which  spans 
heaven  and  earth  in  Scandinavian  myth- 
ology is  called  "  Bif'rost." 

Bridge  of  Gold.  According  to 
German  tradition,  Charlemagne's  spirit 
crosses  the  Rhine  on  a  golden  bridge,  at 
Bingen,  in  seasons  of  plenty,  and  blesses 
both  corn-fields  and  vineyards. 

Thou  standest.  like  imperial  Chariemagne, 
I  pun  thy  bridge  of  goid. 

Longfellow,  Autumn. 

Bridge  of  Sighs,  the  covered  paa- 
sage-way  which  connects  the  palace  of 
the  doge  in  Venice  with  the  State  prisons. 
Called  "  the  Bridge  of  Sighs"  because  the 
condemned  passed  over  it  irovc  the  judg- 


BRIDGES  OF  CANE. 


133 


BRIGANTE8. 


mem  hull  to  the  place  of  execution. 
II i  has  a  poem  called   The  Bridge  oj 

Bridges  of  Cane,  in  many  parte 
of  Spanish  America,  are  thrown  over 
narrow  streams. 

WiM-rane  arvh  Ugh  flung  tft*  Kulf  t'r"fo","|unQ. 
Campbell  Pwtimii  ■•/  »j/"'""':'  "  leiiww). 

Bridgemore  {Mr.),  of  Fiah  Btreet 

Hill,  London.  A  dishonest  merchant, 
wealthy,  vulgar,  and  purse-proud.  He 
is  invited  to  a  soirefcgiven  by  lord  Abber- 
rille,  "and  counts  the  servants,  gapes 
at  the  lustres,  and  never  enters  the 
drawing-room  at  all,  but  stays  below, 
chatting  with  the  travelling  tutor." 

Mrs.  Bridgemore,  wife  of  Mr.  lindge- 
more,  equally  vulgar,  but  with  more  pre- 
tension to  gentility. 

Miss  Luanda  Bridgemore,  the  spiteful, 
purse-proud,  malicious  daughter  oi  Mr. 

and  Mrs.  Bridgemore,  of  Fiah  Street 
Hill.  She  was  engaged  to  lord  Abbcr- 
ville,  but  her  money  would  not  out- 
balance her  vulgarity  and  ill-temper,  bo 
the  young  "fashionable  lover'  made 
his  bow  and  retired.— Cumberland,  'lh>: 
Fashionable  Loner  (1780). 

Bridgenorth  (J/'<7:'<-  A'^A),  * 
roundhead  and  conspirator,  neighbour  of 
sir  Geoffrey  Peveril  of  the  Peak,  a  staunch 

cavalier. 

Mrs.  Bridgenorth,  the  majors  wife. 

Alice  Bridgenorth,  the  major's  daughter 
nnd  heroine  of  the  novel.  Her  marriage 
with  Julian  Peveril,  a  cavalier,  concludes 
the  novel.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  t/tc 

Peak  (time,  Charles  11.). 
Brid'get  (Miss),  the  mother  of  Tom 
.    in    Fielding's   novel    called  _  The 
yof  Tom  Jones,  «  Foundling  1 1750). 

It  luu  been  woml.Tol  » li>  H.lclil.K  sho.il.l  have  cUym-u 

to  leave  U,e  rtl I    Ul»«l acj  on   the   birth  ol  hi* 

but  had  Ml     Bridgel  been  private!)  married    .  . 

I?l|,l  hare  been  no  adequate  motive  aolgned  io» 

rth  of  Hi.-  clnl.l  n  »>eret  from  a  man  so 

I    companionate    a«    Ailv.orthy.—  A.icyc. 

Unt.  Art.  '  tUMtat. 

Brid'get  (Mrs.),  in  Sterne's  novel  called 
y     LifeandOpint 

i:,t    (Mother),    aunt    of    Catherine 
in,   and    abbess    of    St.   Catherine. — 

Bir  W.Scott,  abeth). 

lir»i;,t  (May), the  milkwoman  at  Falk- 
land I  '  '■'"  •1/,"l/  °J 

.   mine,    Henry    IV.). 

BricLge'ward  >. 

keeper  of    tennaquhair  ("  1    kn 

where").-  Mr  w  .  I  (tune, 

i  .    ibeth). 


■  r),  warder  of  the 
Mary's  Convent.  He 
■  i  father  Philip,  m 

carrying  off  the  Bible  of  lady  \  Sii 

v..  -    ;t,   The  Monastery  (time,  Eliae- 
beth). 

Bridlo.    John  Gower  say- 
phele   princess  Of  Armenia,    u 

iw  in  a  vision  ■  troop  of  ladies 
splcndidlv  mounted,  bat  one  of  th<  m  rode 
a  wretched  steed,  wretchedly  ace 
except  as  to  the  bridle.    On  askii 
reason,  the  princeas  was  informed  that 
she   was  disgraced  thus    because   i 
cruelty  to  her  lovers,  but  that  the  sp 
bridle  had  been  recently  given,  because 
the  obdurate  girl  had  for  the  last  month 

shown  symptoms  of  true  love.      Moral— 
Hence  let  ladies  warning  take — 

Of  love  that  thoy  be  not  i.llc, 
An.l  bid  them  tliti.l. 

CoV'w'o  •<"""""  I  "Kl'"k":  "  V 

Bridlegooae  (Judg  -  who 

before  him 
not  by  weighing  the  merits  of  t!  • 
l,,,t  by  I  imple  process  of  throw- 

«.— Rabelais,  Pa 

%*  Beaumarchais,  in  his  Mirri 
,  has  introduced  this  . 
f   "  Brid't  i- 
person  satirized  by  Rabelais  is  the  chan- 
cellor Poyet. 

Bri'dlesly   (Joe),  a  horse-dealer  at 
Liverpool,  of  whom  Julian  Peveril 
ft    horse.— Sir    W  . 

ime,  Charles  II.). 
Brid'oisonf/''-  fl.astupid 

judge  in  the  ;  >medy 

in  i'r,  nch,  i  y  !'••  ramarchais 

Bridoon  j.    i'1    '.u' 

:'s     regiment.— air     W. 

11.). 

Brien'nius  (A 

0f    the  Cr.  dan    empire,   and   hual   I 
Anna     Comne'na     (dai. 

ComnCnus,  emper 

(tune, 

Bri|  '•    -|r    '•• 

horse.  The  word  n 

Brlgantea  B  iyf.),  called  bvDravton 

e    people    Of    Vol 

cashire,  weatmondand,  Cumberland,  and 
Durham. 

-  Uic  Brleant'     - 

,.,,,1-rland 

I.Vort»u"v'     •  .    „_«. 

DnjUi.  i.:.  (161U. 


BRIGGS. 


134 


BRITANNIA. 


Briggs,  one  of  the  ten  young  gentle- 
men in  the  school  of  Dr.  Blimber  when 
Paul  Dombey  was  a  pupil  there.  Briggs 
was  nicknamed  the  "Stoney,"  because  his 
brains  were  petrified  by  the  constant 
dropping  of  wisdom  upon  them. — C. 
Dickens,  Doinbey  and  Son  (184G). 

Brigliadoro  [Bril'.ye.dor'.ro~\,  Or- 
lando's steed.  The  word  means  "  Gold 
bridle." — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Sir  Guyon's  horse,  in  Spenser's  Faery 
Queen,  is  called  by  the  same  name  (1596). 

Brilliant  (Sir  Philip),  a  great  fop, 
but  brave  soldier,  like  the  famous  Murat. 
lie  would  dress  with  all  the  finery  of  a 
rain  girl,  but  would  share  watching,  toil, 
and  peril  with  the  meanest  soldier.  "  A 
outterfly  in  the  drawing-room,  but  a 
Hector  on  the  battle-field."  He  was  a 
'  blade  of  proof;  you  might  laugh  at  the 
jeabbard,  but  you  wouldn't  at  the  blade." 
He  falls  in  love  with  lady  Anne,  reforms 
nis  vanities,  and  marries. — S.  Knowles, 
Old  Maids  (1841). 

Brilliant  Madman  (The),  Charles 
XII.  of  Sweden  (1682,  1697-1718). 

Brillianta  (The  lady),  a  great  wit  in 
the  ancient  romance  entitled  Tirante  le 
Blanc,  author  unknown. 

Here  fin  Tirante  le  BUne]  we  shall  find  the  famous 
knight  don  Kyrie  Elyson  of  Montalban,  his  brother 
Thomas,  the  knight  Fonaeca,  .  .  .  the  stratagems  of  Uie 
widow  Tranquil  .  .  .  and  the  witticisms  of  ladjr  Brillianta. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  amusing  h.mks  ever  written. — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  i.  C  (1005). 

Bris  (//  conte  di  San),  governor  of  the 
Louvre.  lie  is  father  of  Valenti'na  and 
leader  of  the  St.  Bartholomew  massacre. 
— Meyerbeer,  Les  J/uyuenots  (1836). 

Brisac'  (Justice),  brother  of  Mira- 
mont. 

Charles  Brisac,  a  scholar,  son  of  justice 
Brisac. 

Eustace  Brisac,  a  courtier,  brother  of 
Charles. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Elder  Brother  (1637). 

Brise'is  (3  syl.),  whose  real  name  was 
Hippodaml'a,  was  the  daughter  of  Brises, 
brother  of  the  priest  Chryscs.  She  was 
the  concubine  of  Achilles,  but  when 
Achilles  bullied  Agamemnon  for  not 
giving  Chrysc'is  to  her  father,  who  offered 
a  ransom  for  her,  Agamemnon  turned 
upon  him  and  said  he  would  let  Chryseia 

fo,    but   should    take   Briseis   instead. — 
lomer,  Iliad,  i. 

Brisk,  a  good-natured  conceited  cox- 
comb, with  a  most  voluble  tongue.  Fond 
of   saying  "good  things."  and  pointing 


them  out  with  such  expressions  as  "  Thei» 
I  had  you,  eh  ?  "  "  That  was  pretty  well, 
egad,  eh  ?  "  "I  hit  you  in  the  teeth  there, 
egad!"  His  ordinary  oath  was  "  Let  m« 
perish  !  "  He  makes  love  to  lady  Froth. — ■ 
W.  Congreve,"  The  Double  Dealer  (1694). 

Bris'kie  (2  syl.),  disguised  under  the 
name  of  Putskie.  A  captain  in  the  Mos- 
covite  army,  and  brother  of  general 
Archas  "the  loyal  subject"  of  the  great- 
duke  of  Moscovia. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Bris'sotin,  one  of  the  followers  of 
Jean  Pierre  Brissot,  an  advanced  revolu- 
tionist. The  Brissotins  were  subsequently 
merged  in  the  Girondists,  and  the  word 
dropped  out  of  use. 

Bristol  Boy  (The),  Thomas  Chatter- 
ton,  the  poet,  born  at  Bristol.  Also 
called  "The  Marvellous  Boy."  Byron 
calls  him  "  The  wondrous  boy  who 
perished  in  his  pride"  (1752-1770). 

Bristol  Man's  Gift,  a  present  of 
something  which  the  giver  pronounces  to 
be  of  no  use  or  no  value  to  himself. 

Britain,  according  to  the  British 
triads,  was  called  first  "The  green  water- 
fort"  (Clas  Merddyn);  this  was  before  it 
was  populated.  Its  next  name  was  "  Th* 
honey  isle"  (Y  Vil  Vnys).  But  after  it 
was  brought  under  one  head  by  Prydain 
son  of  Aedd,  it  was  called  "Prydain's  isle" 
(Vhys  Pry  dam). 

It  has  also  been  called  "  Hyperbo'rea," 
"  Atlan'tica,"  "  Cassit'eris,"  "  Roma'na," 
and  "  Thule."  Also  "  Yr  Ynys  Wen  " 
("  the  white  island  "),  and  some  will  have 
that  the  word  Albion  is  derived  from  the 
Latin,  albus,  "  white,"  and  that  the  island 
was  so  called  from  "its  white  cliffs,"  an 
etymology  only  suited  to  fable. 

Bochart  says  Baratanic  ("country  of 
tin"),  a  Phoenician  word,  contracted  into 
B'ratan',  is  the  true  derivation. 

Britain,  in  Arthurian  romance, 
always  means  Brittany.  England  is 
called  Logris  or  Logria. 

Britan'nia.  The  Romans  represented 
the  island  of  Great  Britain  by  the  figure 
of  a  woman  seated  on  a  rock,  from  a 
fanciful  resemblance  thereto  in  the  general 
outline  of  the  island.  The  idea  is  less 
poetically  expressed  by  "An  old  witch  on 
a  broomstick." 

The  effigy  of  Britannia  on  our  copper 
coin  dates  from  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
(1672),  and  was  engraved  by  Roetio 
from  a  drawing  by  Evelyn.     It  is  meant 


BRITANNIA. 


135 


ni:<»r.i>ixi;xAU. 


for  one  of  the   king's   court    favourites, 
[*hereu  Stuart,  d 
mond,and  others  Barbara  YUliers, 
duchess  of  Cleveland. 

Jirit.imii'i,  the  name  of  the  ship  trader 
the  command  of  captain  Albert,  in  Fal- 
coner's poem  called  The  Su'pwreck.  It  was 
dashed  to  pieces  on  the  projecting  verge  or 
'  lolonna,  the  most  southern  i«>int 
of  Attica  (1756). 

British    History   of  Geoffrt 

Monmouth,  is  a  translation  of  a  Welsh 
Chronicle.  It  is  in  nine  books,  and  con- 
tains a  "history"  of  the  Britons  and 
Welsh  from  Brutus,  great-grandson  of 
Trojan  .Kneas  to  the  death  of  Cadwallo 
or  Cadwallader  in  G88.  This  Geoffrey 
was  first  archdeacon  of  Monmouth,  and 
Chen  bishop  of  St.  Asaph.  The  general 
outline  of  the  work  is  the  same  as  that 
given  by  NVnnius  three  centuries  pre- 
viously. Geoffrey's  Chronicle,  published 
about  1143,  formed  a  basis  for  many 
subsequent  historical  works.  A  com- 
pendium by  Diceto  is  published  in 
Chron 

British  Lion  {The),  the  spirit  or 
pugnacity  of  the  British  nation,  as  op- 
posed to  John  Bull,  which  symbolizes  the 
substantiality,  obstinacy,  and  solidity  of 
the  British  nation,  with  all  its  prejudices 
and  national  peculiarities.  To  rouse 
John  Bull  is  to  tread  on  his  corns,  to 
rouse  the  British  Lion  is  to  blow  the  war- 
trumpet  in  his  ears.  The  British  Lion  also 
means  the  most  popular  celebrity  of  the 
British  nation  for  the  time  being. 

Our  utoriouj  constitution  U  owing  •■>  tha  habit  which 
I    .l.s.rv.-a  o(  titling  over  hu  winu  after 
illniii-r.  —  Wllluni  Ji-rdaii. 

British  Soldiers'  Battle  {The), 
the  battle  of  Inkerman,  November  5, 
1854. 

For  ■tubhorn  mlour,  for  true  oU  Kngllsh  resolution  to 
flutit  it  out   t.i  the  hut.  itinlil  irarj  dlndi 
overwhelming    i 
Inkerman,  "  U  ittlo." — Sir 

Bdwanl  Creasy,  The  Fifteen  Decisive  luutlei  (preface). 

Brit'omnrt,   tlic    representative    of 
was    the    daughter    and 
heiress  of  king  Ryence  <<(  Wales,  and  her 
.  forms  the  third  book  i  t  thi 

i  me  day,   looking    into  Vcnus's 

iven   by    Merlin   to    hi  r 

•   ■  rein  Bir  Artegal,  and  fell 

in    love    with    him.     Her   nurse  GlaucG 

.)   tried   by    charms    "  to    undo    her 
but  "  love   that    is    in    l;i  n:  ■ 
ni>  idle  charm  can  reii 
ing    her    "  charms"    ineffectu     . 
her  ti    Merlin'd  cave  in  Carmarthen,  ami 


igician  told  her  she  would  t*?  the 

m  ■     |    line  of  kings   i: 

and    aft 

offspring,  "  a  royal  ■ 

the  power  of  Spain.    Glaucfi  now   sug- 

that  they  should  start  in  qui 
sir   Artegal,  and    Britomart  donned   the 
armour  ol  An'gela  (qui  en  of  the  Ai 
which  she  found  in  her  father 
and  taki:i_-  a  magic  Bpi  ar  which  "  nothing 
could    resist,"    she    .sallied    forth.       Ibr 
adventures     allegorize     the     triumph      of 
(•hastily  over  impurity  :     The 
Joyous, Malacasta  (fosi),not  know;' 

Bex,  tried   to   seduce    h.-r.    "  but    si 
youthful   lust,    which    v.  it     the 

"soul."      - 

ofCym'oent.  Then  made  her  appearance 
as  the  Squire  of  Dames.  Her  last  achieve- 
ment   was    the    deliverance    oi     A 

,  love)  from  the  enchant 
Her   marriage  is  deferred  to  bk.  v.  >',, 

when    she    tilted    with  J,  who 

-  away  the  ventail  of  her  helmet 

with  his  sword,"  and  was  about  to  strike 
again  when  he  became   -  at   her 

beauty  that  he  thought  .-he  must  1" 

^he   bah-   the    knight    remove    his 
helmet,  at  once  recognized  hi:: 
"t,,  he  In-  love,  and  to  take  him  for  her 
lord." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  in. 

She-  eiil  Uuuol  Uiu  heart, 

Kneampanbto  Untomart. 

Scott 

Briton    (Colonel),   a    Scotch 

who     sees     donna     Isabella     jump     from 

a  window  in  order  t"  escape  from 

-he  dislikes. 
her,  and  takes  her  to  the  house  of  donna 
Violante,  hi  r  friend.      Here  hi 

her,  but  don  Felix,  the  lover  of  Violante, 

supposing  Violante  to  be  the  object  of  his 

visits,  becomes  jealous,  till  at  the  end  the 

mystery    is    cleared    up.   and   a   double 
marriage  is  the  result. — Mrs.  Centlivra, 
R   ..    /•  (17M). 

Broadside    [A).     To    eonstiti 

broadside,  the   mat;,  r  should   be 
on    the    ellt::  ■    one    side 

paper  only,    not    in   columns,    but    in   one 
measure.      It   matters   not   which  v 
rinting  is  displaj  ■ 
what  :  '  ■  !•«'.  providi 

is   presented  to  the  eye    in    one    view. 
Although  the  entire  ma 
must  be  contained  on  one  side  ot  a 
,.t  |  ij .  r,  an  endi  I 

Brob Mingnag,  a   country  .  I 
moua  giant  .  i"  whom  Gullh  i 
dwarf.     They  were   as   tall    "as   an   or- 


BROCK. 


136 


BROWDIE. 


dinary  church    steeple,"    and    all    their 
Burroundings  were  in  proportion. 

Yon  high  church  steeple,  yon  gawky  stag. 
Your  husband  must  come  from  Brobdingnag. 

Kane  O'Hara,  Midat, 

Brock  (Adam),  in  Charles  XII.,  an 
historical  drama  by  J.  R.  Planche. 

Broken  Feather.  A  broken  feather 
in  his  wing,  a  scandal  connected  with 
one's  name,  a  blot  on  one's  'scutcheon. 

If  an  angel  were  to  walk  about,  Mrs.  Sam  Hurst  would 
never  rest  till  she  had  found  out  where  he  came  from. 

And  pel  haps  whether  he  had  a  broken  feather  in  his 
•lug.— Mrs.  Oliphant,  Phoebe,  jun.,  ii.  G. 

Broken-Girth-Flow  {Laird  of), 
one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators  in  The 
Black  Dwarf,  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(time,  Anne). 

Broken  Heart  (Tlie),  a  tragedy  by 
John  Ford  (1633).     (See  Calantha.) 

Broker  of  the  Empire  (The). 
Dari'us,  son  of  Hystaspes,  was  so  called 
by  the  Persians  from  his  great  care  of 
the  financial  condition  of  his  empire. 

Bro'mia,  wife  of  Sosia  (slave  of 
Amphitryon),  in  the  service  of  Alc- 
ir.c'na.  A  nagging  termagant,  who 
keeps  her  husband  in  petticoat  subjection. 
She  is  not  one  of  the  characters  in 
Moliere's  comedy  of  Amphitryon. — 
Dryden,  Amphitryon  (1690). 

Bromton's  Chronicle  (time,  Ed- 
ward III.),  that  is,  "The  Chronicle  of 
John  Bromton  "  printed  among  the  Decern 
Scriptures,  under  the  titles  of  "  Chronicon 
Johannis  Bromton,"  and  "  Joralanensis 
Historia  a  Johanne  Bromton,"  abbot  of 
Jerevaux,  iu  Yorkshire.  It  commences 
with  the  conversion  of  the  Saxons  by  St. 
Augustin,  and  closes  with  the  death  of 
Richard  I.  in  1199.  Selden  has  proved 
that  the  chronicle  was  not  written  by 
Bromton,  but  was  merely  brought  to 
the  abbey  while  he  was  abbot. 

Bron'tes  (2  syi.),  one  of  the  Cyclops, 
hence  a  blacksmith  generally.  Called 
Bronteus  (2  si/l.)  by  Spenser,  Fairy 
Queen,  iv.  5  (1596). 

Not  with  such  weight,  to  frame  the  forky  brand. 
The  ponderous  hammer  falU  from  lironteY  hand. 
Jerusalem  Delivered,  xx.  (Hool's  translation). 

Bronzely  (2  sy!.),  a  mere  rake,  whose 
vanity  was  to  be  thought  "a  general 
seducer." — Mrs.  Inchbald,  Wives  as  they 
Were,  and  Maids  as  they  Are  (17U7). 

Bron'zomarte  (3  syl.),  the  sorrel 
•teed  of  sir  Launcelot  Greaves.  The 
word  means  a  "  mettlesome  sorrel." — 
Bmollett,  Sir  Launcelot  G reaves  (1756). 


Brook  (Master),  the  name  assumed 
by  Ford  when  sir  John  Falstaff  makes 
love  to  his  wife.  Sir  John,  not  knowing 
him,  confides  to  him  every  item  of  his 
amour,  and  tells  him  how  cleverly  he  has 
duped  Ford  by  being  carried  out  in  a 
buck-basket  before  his  very  face. — 
Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor 
(1G01). 

Brook  Street  (Grosvenor  Square, 
London),  is  so  called  from  a  brook  or 
stream  which  at  one  time  ran  down  that 
locality. 

Brooder,  the  man  who  stole  the  son 
of  Ralph  Nickleby  out  of  revenge,  called 
him  "  Smike,"  and  put  him  to  school  at 
Dothebovs  Hall,  Yorkshire.  His  tale  is 
told  p."  594-5  (original  edit.).  — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Brother  Jon'athan.  When  Wash- 
ington was  in  want  of  ammunition,  he 
called  a  council  of  officers  ;  but  no  prac- 
tical suggestion  being  offered,  he  said, 
"  We  must  consult  brother  Jonathan," 
meaning  his  excellency  Jonathan  Trum- 
bull, the  elder  governor  of  the  state  of 
Connecticut.  This  was  done,  and  the  diffi- 
culty surmounted.  "To  consult  brother 
Jonathan  "  then  became  a  set  phrase,  and 
"Brother  Jonathan"  became  the  "John 
Bull"  of  the  United  States.— J.  R.  Bart- 
lett,  Dictionary  of  Americanisms. 

Brother  Sam,  the  brother  of 
lord  Dundreary,  the  hero  of  a  comedy 
based  on  a  German  drama,  by  John 
Oxenford,  with  additions  and  alterations 
by  E.  A.  Sothern  and  T.  B.  Buck  stone. — 
Supplied  by  T.  B.  Buekstone,  Esq. 

Brothers  (The),  a  comedy  by 
Richard  Cumberland  (1769).  (For  the 
plot,  see  Bklfield,  Brothers.) 

Brougham's  Plaid  Trousers. 
The  story  goes  that  lord  Brougham 
[Broom]  once  paid  a  visit  to  a  great  cloth 
factory  in  the  north,  and  was  so  pleased 
with  one  of  the  patterns  that  he  requested 
to  be  supplied  with  "  a  dozen  pieces  for  his 
own  use,"  meaning,  of  course,  enough  for 
a  dozen  pair  of  trousers.  The  clothier 
sent  him  "a  dozen  pieces,"  containing 
several  hundred  yards,  so  that  liis  lord- 
ship was  not  only  set  up  for  life  .n  plaid 
for  trousers,  but  had  enough  to  supply 
a  whole  clan. 

Browdie  (John),  a  brawny,  big-made 
Yorkshire  corn-factor,  bluff,  brusque, 
honest,  and  kind-hearted.  He  befriends 
poor    Smike,    and   is   much   attached    to 


I J  ROW  X. 


137 


BRULGRUDDERY. 


Nicholas  Xicklcby.  John  Browdie  marries 
Matilda  Price,  a  miller's  daughter. — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  .'• 

Brown  (  Vanbeest),  lieutenant  of  Dirk 
Batteraick.— -Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouy  Mm- 
nering  (time,  George  II.). 

Brown  (Jonathan),  landlord  of  the 
Black  Bear  at  Darlington.  Here  Prank 
Osbaldistone  meets  Sob  Roy  at  dinner. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  hob  hoy  (tune,  George 

I.). 

I'roxcn  (Mrs,),  the  widow  of  the  hrother- 

.n-l.-iw  of  the  Hi'H.  Ifrs,  Skewton.  She 
had  one  daughter,  Alice  Marwood,  who 
was  first  cousin  to  Edith  (Mr.  Dombey's 
second  wi  ft- ).  Mr-.  Brown  lived  in  great 
poverty,  her  only  known  vocation  being 
*'  to  strip  children  of  their  clothes,  w  hicfi 
she  sold  or  pawned." — C.  Dickens,  Dom- 
bey  and  Son  (1846). 

Brotcn  (Mrs.),  a  "Mrs.  John  Bull," 
with  all  the  practical  sense,  kind- 
lii'arii tdness,  absence  <»f  conventionality, 
and  the  prejudices  of  a  well-to-do  but 
half -educated  Englishwoman  of  the  middle 

shop  class.      She    passes   her   opinions  on 

all   current   events,    and    travels  about, 

taking   with   her  all    her   prejudices,    and 

ng  everything  which  is  no!  Eng- 
lish.— Arthur    Sketchley    [Rev.    George 

Brown    (ITablot)   illustrated    sonic    of 

Dickens'l  novels,  and  took  the  pseudoiivin 

of  "  Phia  "  (1812-       ). 

Brown  tho  Younger  ( Thomas),  the 
nom  de  plvmt  of  Thomas  Moore,  in  The 
Tuo-i  i  ries  "t  w  in  \  and 

very  popular  satires  on  the   prince   regent 

(afterwards  George    IV.),  his  ministers, 
and  ln>  boon  companions.     Also  in  '/'/,<■ 
Family  in  Paris,  and  in  The  Fudges 
ituf(1885). 

Brown.  Jones,  and  Robinson, 
three  Englishmen  who  travel  together. 
Their  adventures,  by  Richard  Doyle,  were 
published  in  Punch.  In  then:  is  held  an 
to  ridicule  !■  tractea 

notions,  the  vulgarity,  the  conceit,  and 
the  sreneral  snobbism  of  the  middlt 
1  b  abroad. 

Browns.     To  astonish    the 

to  do  or  lay  something  n  gardless  of  the 

innoyaoce  it   may  cau  •    oi  the  shock  it 

ivetn  Mr-.  Grundy.     Anne  Boleyn 

n  hole  clan  i  f  1  "■  r .  »  ns,  or  "  country 

Musius,"  who  wen  welcomed  a!  court  in 

■  th.     The  queen,  how- 


ever, was  quick  t"  Fee  what 
and  did  not   scruple  to    • 

uncourtty  manners.     Ber    plainness   of 

ih     the 
Brow 

Browne   (General)  pays  a  vi 
lord    W Iville.     lli-  bedroom   for   tht 

night  is  the  "  tape-trie. I  cban 

-    the    apparition  of    '-the  lady   in 

,ue,"  and  next  uiornr  i 

adventure. — Sir  W.  S  i 

r  (time,  George  III.;. 

Brownlow,  a  nu  at  old 

gentleman,  who  rescues  Oliver  I  *i-t  from 

his  vi N 

in    Oliver's    guilt   "f    theft,    although    ap- 

pearam  rtainly  against  him,  and 

he  even  takes  the  boy  into  his  service.'— 
< '.  Dii  k(  as,  Oliver  1 

Brox'mouth  (John),  a  neigl  I 
Happer  tlie  miller.— Sir  W.  S 
/•'/  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Bruce  |  i  John 

a  (1320-L 

Bru'el,  the  name  of  in  the 

tale    of    /.'■  ntard  •    word 

means  the  "  Little  roan  r "  (1 1 

Bru'in,  I  I   the  hear,  in    the 

beast-epic  called  fii  ynat  t :  :■  i 
a  bear  in  general. 

The  word    means   the   "brown  one '' 
(1498). 

Bru'in,    one   of   the    leaders    arrayed 

•  Budibras.     Be  is  meant  for  one 

Talgol,  a  Newgate  butcher,  who  obtained 

a   captain's   commission  for   valour   at 

Xa-ii'V.      1  le    marched    !:•  \t    to 

[Joshua    '<         ■    ,    landlord    of     the 

gardens  at  South wark], — S.  Butler, 
bras,  i.  •■. 

I'ruin  (Mrs.   and    Mr.),   daugbl 
son-in-law     to     -ir     Jacob     Jolllip.       Mr. 

Bruin  is  ahu  ■  ft  How,  and  rules 

his   wr. 

. 

Brulgrud'dery         mis),  landlord 
of  the  Red  l  Ifuckalush   Heath. 

He  calls  himself   "an    Irish  gintleman 
bred  and  born."    Be  was  "  brought  np  to 

,  to  be  a  chun  b 
hut  losl  his  place  for  snoring  at  sermon- 
time.      He    is    a    lot,    "ith    B    very    kind 
heart,  and   is  honi 
though   in    1  «  ill   j  aim 

old  cock  for  a  \  OUDg  capon. 

Mrs.  Brulgruddery,  wife  of  Dennis,  and 
■  r  land- 


BRUMO. 


138 


BRUTE. 


lord  of  the  Red  Cow.  Unprincipled, 
self -willed,  ill-tempered,  and  over-reach- 
ing. Moncv  is  the  only  thing  that  moves 
her,  and  when  she  has  taken  a  bribe  she 
will  whittle  down  the  service  to  the  finest 
point. — G.  Colman,  jun.,  John  Bull  (1805). 

Brumo,  a  place  of  worship  in  Craca 
(one  of  the  Shetland  Isles). 

Far  from  his  frieniU  they  placed  him  In  the  horrid 
circle  of  Brumo,  where  the  ghosts  of  the  dead  howl 
round  the  stone  of  their  fear. — Ussian.  fiiij/al.  \  1. 

Brun'cheval  "the  Bold,"  a  paynim 
knight,  who  tilted  with  sir  Satyrane,  and 
both  were  thrown  to  the  ground  together 
at  the  first  encounter. — Spenser,  Fury 
Qiu-cn,  iv.  4  (16» 

Brunel'o,  a  deformed  dwarf,  who  at 
the  siege  of  Albracca  stole  Sacripan'te's 
charter  from  between  his  legs  without  his 
knowing  it.  lie  also  stole  Angelica's 
magic  ring,  by  means  of  which  he  re- 
leased Roge'ro  from  the  castle  in  which  he 
was  imprisoned.  Ariosto  says  tli v 
mant  gave  the  dwarf  a  ring  which  had 
the  power  of  resisting  magic— Bojsxdo, 
Orlando  Tnnamor  .  and  Ariosto, 

Orlando  Furioto  (1516). 

"  I."  -ay<  flanchn,  "slept  so  soundly  upon  Dapple,  that 

tlu<  thiif  bad  on noagb  to  dap  four  stakes  nndartha 

four  corners  of  my  panrrnl   nn-1  bo  lead  awa*    ■ 

fro idar  ni)  legs  without  waking  me." — Cervantes,  Don 

II.  I.  4  (MS). 

Bruncnbure:  (Battle  of),  referred  to 

iu  Tennyson's  Kin  /  liirold,  is  the  victory 
obtained  in  938  by  king  Athelstan  over 
the  Danes, 

Brunetta,    mother    of    Chery   (who 
married  his  cousin   Fairetar). — Co 
D'Aunov,    Fairy  Tales  ("  Princess  Fair- 
etar,"  1682). 

Brunetta,  the  rival  beauty  of  Phyllis. 
On  one  occasion  Phyllis  procured  a  most 
marvellous  fabric  of  gold  brocade  in 
order  to  eclipse  her  rival,  but  Brunetta 
arrayed  her  train-bearer  in  a  dress  of  the 
Bame  material  and  cut  in  the  same  fashion. 
Phyllis  was  so  mortified  that  she  went 
home  and  died. —  The  Spectator. 

Brunhild,  queen  of  [island,  who 
made  a  vow  that  none  should  win  her 
who  could  not  surpass  her  in  three  trials 
of  skill  and  strength  :  (1)  hurling  a 
spear;  (2)  throwing  a  stone;  and  (3) 
jumping.  Gunther  king  of  Burgundy 
undertook  the  three  contests,  and  by  the 
ai.!  of  Siegfried  succeeded  in  winning  the 
martial  qcsen.  First,  hurling  a  spear 
that  three  men  could  scarcely  lift:  the 
queen  hurled  it  towards  Gunther,  but 
biegfried,  iu  bis  invisible  cloak,  reversed 


its  direction,  causing  it  to  strike  the  queen 
and  knock  her  down.  Next,  throwing  a 
stone  so  huge  that  twelve  brawny  men 
were  employed  to  carry  it  :  Brunhild 
lifted  it  on  high,  flung  it  twelve  fathoms, 
and  jumped  beyond  it.  Again  Siegfried 
helped  his  friend  to  throw  it  further,  and 
in  leaping  beyond  the  stone.  The  queen, 
being  fairly  beaten,  exclaimed  to  her  liege- 
men, "  I  am  no  longer  your  queen  and 
mistress ;  henceforth  are  ye  the  liegemen 
of  Gunther"  (lied  vii.).  After  marring 
Brunhild  was  so  obstreperous  that  the 
king  again  applied  to  Siegfried,  who  suc- 
.  in  depriving  her  of  her  ring  and 
girdle,  after  which  she  became  a  very 
submissive  wife. —  T/ie  Sicbelunyen  Lied. 

Bru'no  (Biekqp),  bishop  of  Ilerbi- 
polita'num.  Sailing  one  day  on  the 
Danube  with  Henry  III.  emperor  of 
Germany,  they  came  to  Ben  Strudel 
("  the  devouring  gulf "),  near  Grinon 
t.  Here  the  voice  of  a 
spirit  clamoured  aloud,  "Ho  !  ho!  Hishop 
Bnmo,  Whither  art  thou  travelling?  But 
go  thy  ways,  bishop  liruno,  for  thou  shall 
travel  with  me  to-night. "   At  night,  while 

(easting  with  the  emperor,  a  rafter  fell  on 

his  head  and  killed  him.  Southcy  has  a 
ballad  called  Biehon  Bnma,  but  it  deviates 
from  the  original  legend  given  by  Hey- 
wood   in  several   particulars :    It  makes 

bishop  Bruno  bear  the  voice  lirst  on  his 
way  to  the  emperor,  who  had  invited  him 
to  dinner  ;  next,  at  the  beginning  of 
dinner;  and  thirdly,  when  the  guests  had 
well  feasted.  At  the  bat  warning  an  ice- 
cold  hand  touched  him,  and  Bruno  fell 
dead  in  the  banquet  hall. 

Brush,  the  impertinent  English  valet 
of  bird  Ogleby.  If  his  lordship  calls  he 
never  hears  unless  he  chooses;  if  his  bell 
rings  he  never  answers  it  till  it  suits  his 
pleasure.  He  helps  himself  freely  to  all 
his  master's  things,  and  makes  love  to  all 
the  pretty  chambermaids  he  comes  into 
contact  with. — Colman  and  Garrick,  The 
Cla>uJ<stiiw  Marriage  (1766). 

Brut  (Le),  a  metrical  chronicle  of 
Mail  re  Wace,  canon  of  Caen,  in  Nor- 
mandy. It  contains  the  earliest  history 
of  England,  and  other  historical  legends 

(twelfth  century). 

Brute  (1  s'/l.),  the  first  king  of 
Britain  (in  mythical  history).  He  was 
the  son  of  yKneas  Silvius  (grandson  ..f 
Ascanius  and  great-grandson  of  /Kneas 
of  Troy).  Brute  called  London  (the 
capital   of    his   adopted   country)    Troy- 


BRUTE. 

novant  (New  Troy).  The  legend  is  this  : 
An  oracle  declared  that  Brute  should  be 
the  death  of  both  his  parents ;  his  mother 
died  in  child-birth,  and  at  the  age  of 
15  Brute  shot  his  father  accidentally 
in  a  deer-hunt.  Being  driven  from  Alba 
Longa,  he  collected  a  band  of  old  Trojans 
and  landed  at  Totness,  in  Devonshire. 
His  wife  was  Innogen,  daughter  of  Pan- 
dra'sus  king  of  Greece.  His  tale  is  told 
at  length  in  the  Chronicles  of  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth,  in  the  first  song  of  Dray- 
ton's Polyolbion,  and  in  Spenser's  Faery 
Queen,  ii. 

Brute  (Sir  John),  a  coarse,  surly,  ill- 
mannered  brute,  whose  delight  was  to 
"  provoke  "  his  young  wife,  who  he  tells 
us  "  is  a  young  lady,  a  fine  lady,  a  witty 
lady,  and  a  virtuous  lady,  but  yet  I  hate 
her."  In  a  drunken  frolic  he  intercepts  a 
tailor  taking  home  a  new  dress  to  lady 
Brute ;  he  insists  on  arraying  himself 
therein,  is  arrested  for  a  street  row,  and 
taken  before  the  justice  of  the  peace. 
Being  asked  his  name,  he  gives  it  as  "  lady 
John  Brute,"  and  is  dismissed. 

Lady  Brute,  wife  of  sir  John.  She  is 
subjected  to  divers  indignities,  and  in- 
sulted morn,  noon,  and  uight,  by  her 
surly,  drunken  husband.  Lady  Brute 
intrigues  with  Constant,  a  former  lover ; 
but  her  intrigues  are  more  mischievous 
than  vicious. — Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked 
Wife  (1697). 

Tlie  coarse  pot-house  valour  of  "sir  John  Brute  "(Garrkk's 
famous  part)  is  well  contrasted  witli  the  fine-lady  aiis  and 
affectation  of  his  wife.  [Surely  this  must  bean  error.  It 
applies  to  "lady  Fanciful,"  but  not  to  " lady  Brute."] — K. 
Chambers,  English  Literature,  i.  6118. 

Brute  Green-Shield,  the  successor 
of  Ebranc  king  of  Britain.  The  mythi- 
cal line  is:  (1)  Brute,  great-great-grand- 
son of  ^Eneas  ;  (2)  Locrin,  his  son ;  (3) 
Guendolen,  the  widow  of  Locrin ;  (4) 
Ebranc  ;  (5)  Brute  Green-Shield.  Then 
follow  in  order  Leil,  Iludibras,  Bladud, 
Leir  [Shakespeare's  "Lear"],  etc. 

...  of  her  courageous  kings, 
Brute  Green-Shield,  to  whose  nam"  m  providence  Impute 
l'ivinoly  to  revivo  the  hmd's  lirsi  conqueror,  Brute. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  viii.  (1612). 

Brute's  City,  London,  called  Trino- 
vant  (New  Troy). 

The  goodly  Thames  near  which  Brule's  city  stands. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xvl.  (1613). 

(Of  course  Trin<>v<tnt  is  so  called  from 
the  Trinovant€s  or  TrinobantSs,  a  Celtic 
tribe  settled  in  Essex  and  Middlesex 
when  CsBSat  invaded  the  island.) 

Bru'ton  Street  (London),  so  called 
from  Bruton,  in  Somersetshire,  the  seat  of 
John  lord  Berkeley  of  Slratton. 


139  BRUTUS. 


Brutus  (Lucius  Junius),  first  conro* 
of  Rome,  who  condemned  his  own  twa 
sons  to  death  for  joining  a  conspiracy  to 
restore  Tarquin  to  the  throne,  from  which 
he  had  been  banished.  This  subject  has 
been  dramatized  by  N.  Lee  (1679)  and 
John  II.  Pavne,  under  the  title  of  Brutus 
or  The  Fall  of  Tarquin  (1820).  Allien 
has  an  Italian  tragedy  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. In  French  we  have  the  tragedies  *i 
Arnault  (17°2)  and  Bonsard  (1«43).    (Se» 

LUCKETIA.) 

The  elder  Kean  on  one  occasion  consented  to  appear  at 
the  Glasgow  Theatre  for  his  son's  benefit.  The  play 
chosen  was  Payne's  Brutus,  in  which  the  father  took  the 
part  of  "Brutus"  and  Charles  Kean  that  of  "Titus."  The 
audience  sat  suffused  in  tears  during  the  patbeti 
view,  till  "Brutus"  falls  on  the  neck  of  "Tit'is."  el- 
claiming  in  a  burst  of  agony,  "Embrace  thy  wretched 
father!"  when  the  whole  house  broke  forth  hit  I 

approbation.     Edmund  Kean  then  whispere-1  In 
ear.   "Charlie,  we  are  doing  the  trick." — W.  C.   Bussell 
K«prtsentative  Actors,  476. 

Junius  Brutus.  So  Jame3  Lynch  Fitz- 
Stephen  has  been  called,  because  (like  the 
first  consul  of  Rome)  he  condemned  his 
own  son  to  death  for  murder,  and  to 
prevent  a  rescue  caused  him  to  be  exe- 
cuted from  the  window  of  his  own  house 
in  Galway  (1493). 

The  Spanish  Brutus,  Alfonso  Perez  de 
Guzman,  governor  of  Tarifa  in  1293. 
Here  he  was  besieged  by  the  infant  don 
Juan,  who  had  revolted  against  his 
brother,  king  Saneho  IV.,  and  having 
Guzman's  son  in  his  power,  threatened  to 
kill  him  unloss  Tarifa  was  given  up  to 
him.  Guzman  replied,  "Sooner  than  be 
guilty  of  such  treason  I  will  lend  Juan 
a  dagger  to  slay  my  son  ;"  ami  so 
saying  tossed  his  dagger  over  the  wall. 
Sad  to  say,  Juan  took  the  dagger,  and 
assassinated  the  young  man  there  and 
then  (125&-1309). 

Brutus  (ifarcus),  said  to  be  the  son  of 
Julius  Caesar  by  Servilia. 

Brutus'  bastard  hand 
Stabb'd  Julius  Camr. 
Shakespeare.  3  Henry  VI.  act  It.  ac  1  (15311. 

This  Brutus  is  introduced  by  Shake- 
speare  in   his  tragedy  of  Julius   Cassar, 
and    the    poet    endows    him    with 
quality     of    a    true    patriot.       Hv    loved 
Cuesar  much,  but  he  loved  Rome  more. 

John  I'.  Kamble  seems  to  me  ahmn  t"  play  best  those 
iii  which  there  is  a  predominating 
■ome  OTer-matterlug  passion,  .  .  .  The  patrician  pride  of 
"Coriolanus,*  the  rMfitrn  "f  "Brutus,    the  vabauieocc 
of  "  Hotspur,*  mark  the  class  of  characters  1  DJ 
V7.  Scott 

In  the  life  of  C.  M.  Young,  we  are  told  that  Bdmrmd  Kaan 
In  "Hamlet,"  "Cortolanua,"  "Brutus"1  .  .  nrM-r  ap- 
proached within  any  miHTHTaMn  (UstauCI  of  Uie  luarned 
and  majsstla  Kemble. 

Bruhu.  Ft  tu.  Brute.  Shakes|>?arf, 
on  thu  authority  of  Suetonius,  puts  thts* 


BRUTUS  AND  CICERO. 


140 


BUCKLAW. 


words  into  the  mouth  of  Caesar  when 
Brutus  stabbed  him.  Shakespeare's  drama 
was  written  in  1607,  and  probably  he  had 
Been  The  True  Tragedy  of  Richard  duke 
of  York  (1600),  where  these  words  occur; 
but  even  before  that  date  H.  Stephens 
had  said : 

Jule  Cesar,  quand  II  vit  que  Brutus  aussi  estoit  de  ceux 
qui  luy  tirient  des  coups  d'e-sjiee.  luy  dit,  Kai  ty  tccnonl 
e'est  a  dire.  .  .  .  Et  toy  moil  tils,  en  es  tu  aussi.  —Veux 
Dial,  du  Noveau  Lang.  Franc  (15S3). 

Brutus  and  Cicero.  Cicero  says  : 
"  Caesare  interfecto,  statirn,  crucntum  alte 
extollens  M.  Brutus  pugionem  Ciceron- 
em  nominatim  exclamavit,  atque  ei  re- 
cuperatam  libertatem  est  gratulatus." — 
Philipp.  ii.  12. 

When  Brutus  rose. 
Refulgent  from  the  stroke  of  Cs-'sar's  f:ile, 
.  .  .  |  he]  called  aloud 

On  Tully's  nniin'.  ami  shook  his  crimson  steel. 
And  Itade  the  "  father  of  his  country  "  ha  1. 

Akenrida,  i'Uatures  of  Imagination.  L 

Bryce's  Day  (St.),  November  13. 
On  St.  Bryce's  Day,  1002,  Ethelred  caused 
all  the  Danes  in  the  kingdom  to  be 
secretly  murdered  in  one  night. 

In  one  night  the  throats  of  all  the  Danish  cut. 

Drayton,  Pot  yulbion.  xii.  (1613). 

Bry'done  (Elapeth)  or  Glendinning, 
widow  of  Simon  Glendinning,  of  the 
Tower  of  Glcndearg. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (tune,  Elizabeth). 

Bubas'tis,  the  Dian'a  of  Egyptian 
mythology.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
Iriis  and  sister  of  Ilorus. 

Bubenburg  (Sir  Adrian  do),  a  veteran 
knight  of  Berne. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Gcierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Bucca,  goblin  of  the  wind  in  Celtic 
mythology,  and  supposed  by  the  ancient 
inhabitants  of  Cornwall  to  foretell  ship- 
wreck. 

Bucen'taur,  the  Venetian  State 
galley  used  by  the  doge  when  he  went 
"to  wed  the  Adriatic."  In  classic 
mythology  the  bucentaur  was  half  man 
and  half  ox. 

Buceph'alos  ("bull-headed"),  the 
name  of  Alexander's  horse,  which  cost 
£3500.  It  knelt  down  when  Alexander 
mounted,  and  was  30  years  old  at  its 
death.  Alexander  built  a  city  called 
Bueephala  in  its  memory. 

The  Persian  Bucephalos,  Shibdiz,  the 
famous  charger  of  Chosroes  Parviz. 

Buck'et  (Mr.),  a  shrewd  detective 
officer,  who  cleverly  discovers  that  Hor- 
tense,  the  French  maid-sen-ant  of  lady 
Dedlock,  was  the  murderer  of  Mr.  Tul- 


kinghoni,  and  not  lady  Dedlock  who  waj 
charged  with  the  deed  by  Hortense.--C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1853). 

Buckingham  (George  Villierg,  duke 
of).  There  were  two  dukes  of  this  name, 
father  and  son,  both  notorious  for  their 
profligacy  and  political  unscrupulous- 
ness.  The  first  (1592-162S)  was  the  fa- 
vorite of  James  I.,  nicknamed  "  Steenie" 
by  that  monarch  from  his  personal  beau- 
ty, "  Steenie  "  being  a  pet  corruption  of 
Stephen,  whose  face  at  martyrdom  was 
"as  the  face  of  an  angel."  He  was  as- 
sassinated by  Fenton.  Sir  Walter  Scott 
introduces  him  in  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel, 
and  his  son  in  Peveril  of  the  Peak.  The 
son(  1 627-88)  also  appears  under  the  name 
of  "Zimri"  (q.  v.)  in  Dryden's  Absalom 
mul  Achitophel.  He  was  the  author  of 
The  Rehearsal,  a  drama,  upon  which 
Sheridan  founded  his  Oritic,  and  of 
other  works,  but  is  principally  remem- 
bered as  the  profligate  favorite  of  Charles 
IT.  He  was  a  member  of  the  famous 
"  Cabal  "  (q.  v.),  and  closed  a  career  of 
great  splendor  and  wickedness  in  the 
most  abject  poverty. 

Iliickiinjhrim  (Henri/  de  Stafford,  duke 
of )  was  a  favorite  of  Richard  III.  and  a 
participator  in  his  crimes,  but  revolted 
against  him,  and  m  beheaded  in  1483. 
This  is  the  duke  that  Saekville  met  in 
the  realms  of  Pluto,  and  whose  "  com- 
playnt"  is  given  in  the  induction  of  A 
Mi'rrmir  for  Mngistraytes  (1587).  Heals) 
appears  in  Shakespeare's  Richard  III. 

Buckingham  (Mary  duchess  of),  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Peicril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Bucklaw  (T?ie  laird  of),  afterwards 
laird  of  Girnington.  His  name  was 
Frank  Ilayston.  Lucy  Ashton  plights 
her  troth  to  Edgar  master  of  liavins- 
wood,  and  tiny  exchange  love-tokens  at 
the  Mermaid's  Fountain;  but  her  father, 
Bir  William  Ashton,  from  pecuniary  views, 
promises  her  in  marriage  to  the  laird  of 
Bucklaw,  and  as  she  signs  the  articles 
Edgar  suddenly  appears  at  the  castlo. 
They  return  to  each  other  their  love- 
tokens,  and  Lucy  is  married  to  the  laird  ; 
but  on  the  wedding  night  the  bridegroom 
is  found  dangerously  wounded  in  the 
bridal  chamber,  and  the  bride  hidden  in 
the  chimney-corner  insane.  Lucy  dies 
in  convulsions,  but  Bucklaw  recovers  and 
goes  abroad.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Bride  of 
LammermooT  (time,  William  IJL). 


BUCKLE. 


141 


BULL-DOG. 


Buckle  (But  into),  put  into  pawn  at 
the  rate  of  -10  per  cent,  interest. 

Buckle  (To  talk),  to  talk  about  mar- 
riage. 

J  took  a  girl  to  dinner  who  talked  buckle  to  mo,  and 
UM  K'rl  "ii  fie  uUier  side  talked  ball/.—  I\rt,  1.-4. 

Bucklers-bury  (London),  ao  called 
from  one  Buckle,  a  grocer  (Old  and  New 
London).  In  tin.'  reign  of  Elizabeth  mid 
long  afterwards  Uucklersbury  was  chieth 
inhabited  by  druggists,  who  sold  green 
and  dried  herbs.  Hence  Falstaff  says  to 
HlS.  Ford,  he  could  not  assume  the  ways 
of  those  "  limping  hawthorn  buds  [i.e. 
young  fops],  who  smell  like  Bucklers- 
iniry  in  simple  -  time."  —  Shakespeare, 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  act  iii.  sc.  '6 
(1601). 

Bude  Light,  a  light  devised  by  Mr. 
Gurney  of  Bude,  in  Cornwall.  Intense 
light  is  obtained  by  supplying  the  burner 
with  an  abundant  stream  of  oxygen. 
The  principle  of  the  Argand  lamp  is  also 
a  free  supply  of  oxygen.  Gumey's  in- 
vention is  too  expensive  to  be  of  general 
service,  but  an  intense  light  is  obtained 
by  rellectors  and  refractors  called  r,>uL- 
lights,  although  they  wholly  ditl'er  in 
principle  from  Gumey's  invention. 

Buffoon  (The  Pulpit).  Hugh  Peters 
is  so  called  by  Dugdale  (1599-loGO). 

Bug  Jargal,  a  negro,  passionately  in 
love  with  a  white  woman,  but  tempering 
.lie  wildest  passion  with  the  deepest  re- 
ipect. — Victor  Hugo,  Buy  Jargal  (a 
novel). 

Bulbul,  an  Oriental  name  for  a  night- 
Ingale.  When,  in  The  Prince*!  (by 
Tennyson),  the  prince,  disguised  as  a 
woman,  enters  with  his  two  friends 
(similarly  disguised)  into  the  college  to 
which  no  man  was  admitted,  he  sings  ; 
and  the  princess,  suspecting  the  fraud, 
says  to  him,  "  Not  for  tine,  ( )  bulbul,  any 
t  Gulistan  shall  burst  her  veil,"  i.e. 
igcr,  do  not  suppose  that  any  woman 
will  lie  taken  in  by  BUCh  a  tlimsy  deceit." 
The  bulbul  loved  the  rose,  and  (iulistan 
means  the  " garden  of  roses."  I  lie  prince 
was  the  bulbul,  the  college  was  Gulistan, 
and  the  princess  tin-  rise  fought. — Tenny- 
son,  '/,,■    /  i  u  . .  .<,  iv. 

Bulbul-He'zar,  the  talking  bird, 
winch   was  joined   in   ringing   bv   all    the 

long-birds  in  the  oeighbourh 1. 

T  m  kim.  Biro.)     Arabian  2'ightt  ("  I  he 
1'tto  Bisters,"  the  last  storj  |. 

Bulis,  mother  of  Egyp'iuaoJ  l  i 


Egypiua  entertained  a  criminal  love  ft* 
Tunandia,  the  mother  of  Neoph'ron,  and 
Neophron  was  guilty  of  a  similar  pa 
for  BullS.  Jupiter  changed  EgypiUS  and 
Neophron  into  vultures,  Bulis  into  a  duck, 
and  Timandra  into  a  sparrow-hawk.— 
Classic  Mythology. 

Bull  (John),  the  English  nati  n  per- 
sonified, and  hence  any  typical  English- 
man. 

Bull  In  the  main  was  an  honest,  plain-dealing  fellow. 
.   bold.  mi. I  '.(  ii   v.-ry   Inconstant   ti  n 
dreaded  not  old  LewUU-o"u  A'/r.  J.  either  at  backsword, 
single  laldii'-n.  or  cudgei-piay  ;  t*ut  then  he  was  very  apt 
to  quarrel  with  bb  beat  friends,  eape    ilh  :(   • 
tended  to  govern  Mm,     If  70a  Battered  him,  »•«  mlffat 
1  aea child,    John's  tamper  depended  rety  much 
upon  the  air;  his  spirits  rose  and  fill  with  the  weather- 
glass,    lie  was  quick,  and  understood  business  well ;  but 
no  man  alive  wa*    more  carele-s   in    looking 
accompts.  nor  more  rhfttlll  bj  jartners,  appreir 
servants.  .  .  .  No  man  ke"-t  abetter  bouse,  nor  spent  his 
money  more  generously.— Chap.  5. 

(The  subject  of  this  History  is  the 
"Spanish  Succession"  in  the  reigns  of 
Louis  XIV.  and  queen  Anne.) 

Mrs.  Bull,  queen  Anne,  ••  very  apt  to  be 
choleric"    On  hearing  thai  Philip  D 
(Philippe  chic  cPAnjou)  was  I 
lord    Strutt's    est 
throne),  she  said  to  John  Hull: 

"You  sot.  yon  titer  about  ale  houses  and  taverns,  spend 
your  time  at  billi  ir  da,  1 

mindiiik'   me  nor  mv  nuiiMBUUfl  faintly.      1'   11  ' 
how   lord   Simt;   [the  Una  0/  Spain 
liveries  at  Lewis  iiaboon's  ,^iop   /Vinrrj:. 
it!      Up.  maul  .  .  .  I'll  sell  my  shift  before  I'll   be  so 
used."— Chap.  4. 

John  Bull's  Mother,  the  Church  of 
England. 

John  hail  a  mother,  whom  he  loved  and  honoured  ex- 
tremehr;  •  discreet,  graTe, 
old  fentlewomai 

cross-grained,    termagant,   scolding  J.ules    ,    ,    .    always 

.    your  conduct  .   .   .   0:1   1  :..   ..mtrary,  she  vu  of 

a  nick  spirit  .  .  .  ami  put  ll  • 

the  word  bet  neighboura. .  .  .  she  neither 

wore  .1  ruil,  forehead  doth,  nor  IiikIi. crowned  hat.  .  .  . 

i  r..  patch  and  paint,  |  -anMnosa. 

.   .our  .   .   .  I'i  tie 

due  meai.  between  one  1 

formality,  and  your  Ill-mannered  »>e  uo 

the  coiimion  rules  of  civility.— l't.  11.  1. 

John  Bui.  -     tdt,  in 

love  with  Jack  (Calvin). 

John  had  a  sister,  a  poor  girl  that  had  been  reared  .  .  . 

onoattni  >  garret  espceed 

....  gave 

bar  a  hard]  constitution..  .  .  i-  •.'H.cudd 

ui-i  eomkml  ai  I  »' 

the   sotiiul  of  an   nfgan,  and  J    '  k  at  the 

■  bagpipe.— Dr,  Amithnoi,  liutory  o/  John 

Hull.  11.  . 

Bulls,  ludicrous  blunders. 

M.  rr.  tales,  willy  Jests,  and  ridiculous  bulls. - 
0/  Music  (ItiSS). 

•  ■  .1 ... a]  I  !«•  :.-ith'r-.  and  sflrro  to  be 
a  bull.- Milton.  Afolcft /»f  Smtaatfwmmm  , 

Bnll-dOg,  rough  iron. 
A  111 11.  •  'he  rulk,  «au 

.  ..  Lbs  loiu.  —  iiM. 


BULL-DOGS. 


142 


BUNDALINDA. 


Bull-dogs,  the  two  servants  of  a 
university  proctor,  who  follow  him  in  his 
rounds  to  assist  him  in  apprehending 
students  who  are  violating  the  university 
statutes,  such  as  appearing  in  the  streets 
after  dinner  without  cap  and  gown,  etc. 

Bullamy,  porter  of  the  "Anglo- 
Bengalee  Disinterested  Loan  and  Life 
Insurance  Company."  An  imposing 
personage,  whose  dignity  resided  chiefly 
in  the  great  expanse  of  his  red  waistcoat. 
Respectability  and  well-to-doedness  were 
expressed  in  that  garment. — C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Bullcalf  (Fctcr),  of  the  Green,  who 
was  pricked  for  a  recruit  in  the  army  of 
gir  John  Falstaff.  He  promised  Bardolph 
"  four  Harry  ten-shillings  in  French 
crowns"  if  he  would  stand  his  friend, 
and  when  sir  John  was  informed  thereof, 
he  said  to  Bullcalf,  "  I  will  none  of  you." 
Justice  Shallow  remonstrated,  but  Falstaff 
exclaimed,  "Will  you  tell  me,  Master 
Shallow,  how  to  choose  a  man '{  Care  I 
for  the  limb,  the  thews,  the  stature?  .  .  . 
Give  me  the  spirit,  Master  Shallow." — 
Shakespeare,  2  Henry  IV.  act  iii.  bc  2 
(1598). 

Bullet-head  (The  Great),  George 
Cailuudal,  leader  of  the  Chouans  (1769- 
1804). 

Bull'segg  (Mr.),  laird  of  Killan- 
cureit,  a  friend  of  the  baron  of  Bradwar- 
dine.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Buhner  (Valentine),  titular  earl  of 
Ktherington,  married  to  Clara  Mowbray. 

Mrs.  Ann  Buhner,  mother  of  Valen- 
tine, married  to  the  earl  of  Etherington 
during  the  life-time  of  his  countess  ; 
hence  his  wife  in  bigamy. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
St.  Bonan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Bum'ble,  headle  of  the  workhouse 
where  Oliver  Twist  was  born  and  brought 
up.  A  stout,  consequential,  hard- 
hearted, fussy  official,  with  mighty  ideas 
of  his  own  importance.  This  character 
has  given  to  the  language  the  word 
bumbledom,  the  officious  arrogance  and 
bumptious  conceit  of  a  parish  authority 
or  petty  dignitary.  After  marriage,  the 
hi^'h  and  mighty  beadle  was  sadly  lien- 
pecked  and  reduced  to  a  Jerry  Sneak. — 
C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Bumbledom,  parish-dom,  the  pride 
of  parish  dignity,  the  arrogance  of  parish 
aufhority,     the     mightiness     of     parish 


officers.     From   Bumble,   the  beadle,    in 
Dickens's  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

BumTiinet,  a  shepherd.  He  pro- 
poses to  Grub'binol  that  they  should 
repair  to  a  certain  hut  and  sing  "  Gillian 
of  Croydon,"  "Patient  Grissel,"  "Cast 
away  Care,"  "  Overthe  Hills,"  and  so  on  ; 
but  being  told  that  Blouzelinda  was  dead, 
he  6ings  a  dirge,  and  Grubbinol  joins 
him. 

Thus  wailed  the  louts  In  melancholy  strain. 
Till  bonny  Susan  sped  across  the  plain  ; 
Thi-y  Hind  the  lass  in  apron  clean  arrayed. 
Anil  to  the  ale-house  forced  the  willing  maid  ; 
In  ale  and  kisses  they  forgot  their  care*. 
And  Susan  Blouzelinda's  loss  repairs. 

Gay,  1'iutoral,  ».  (1714). 

(An     imitation     of    Virgil's    Eel.    v. 

"  Daphnis.") 

Bumper  (Sir  Harry),  a  convivial 
friend  or  Charles  Surface.  He  sings  Die 
popular  song,  beginning — 

Here's  to  the  maiden  of  hashful  fifteen, 
Here's  to  the  widow  of  fiity.  etc. 

Sheridan,  Sclwulfor  Scandal  (1777). 

Bunce  (Jack),  alias  Frederick  Alta- 
niont,  a  ci-devant  actor,  one  of  the  crew 
of  the  pirate  vessel. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Bunch  (Mother),  an  alewife,  men- 
tioned by  Dekker  in  his  drama  called 
Satiremagtix  (1602).  In  1604  was  pub- 
lished 1'asquWs  Jests,  mixed  with  Mother 
Bunch's  Merriments. 

There  are  a  series  of  "  Fairy  Tales " 
called  Mother  Bunch's  Fairy  Tales. 

Bunch  (Motlier),  the  supposed  pos- 
sessor of  a  "cabinet  broken  open"  and 
revealing  "  rare  secrets  of  Art  and 
Nature,"  such  as  love-spells  (1760). 

Bun'cle,  messenger  to  the  earl  of 
Douglas. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Bun'cle  (John),  "a  prodigious  hand  at 
matrimony,  divinity,  a  song,  and  a 
peck."  He  married  seven  wives,  and 
lost  all  in  the  flower  of  their  age.  For 
two  or  three  days  after  the  death  of  a 
wife  he  was  inconsolable,  but  soon  became 
resigned  to  his  loss,  which  he  repaired  by 
marrying. again. — Thos.  Amory,  Tlie  Life, 
etc.,  of  John  Buncie,  Eaq. 

Bundalinda,  the  beau-ideal  of  jb- 
scurity. 

Transformed  from  n  princess  to  a  peasant,  from  beauty 
to  ugliness,  from  polish  to  rustifity.  from  light  to  dark- 
ness, from  an  nngi'l  of  liglit  to  an  imp  of  hell,  from 
fragrance  to  ill-savour,  from  elegance  to  rudeness,  from 
Aurora  in  full  hrilliancy  to  Bundalinda  In  deep  obscurity. 
— Cervante.,  Don  Quizotn,  II.  ii.  13  (16151 


BUNDLE. 


143 


BURLEIGH. 


Bundle,  the  gardener,  father  of 
Wilelmi'na,  and  friend  of  Tom  Tug  the 
waterman.  He  is  a  plain,  honest  man, 
bat  greatly  in  awe  of  hi*  Wife,  who  nags 
at  him  from  morning  till  night. 

Ilrs.  Bundle,  a  vulgar  Mrs.  Malaprop, 
and  a  termagant.     "Everything  most  be 

her  way  or  there'3  no  getting  any  [ 
She  greatly  frequented   the   minor  the- 
atres, ami  acquired  notions  of  sentimental 
romance.     She  told    Wilelmina,   if    she 
refused  to  marry  Robin  : 

"  HI  disinherit  you  from  any  share  In  the  hlood  of  my 
family,  tho  GroKmns,  and  >ou  may  creep  ' 
Hie   dirty,    pitiful,   mean,    paltry,    low,    ili-ttr-d    nottoui 
whicii  rou  ",<-/-*,  f'uiiily,  tlio 

Bundles."— C.  Drbdln,  The  Waterman  (1774). 

Bun'gay  (Friar),  one  of  the  friars  in 
a  comedy  by  Robert  Green,  entitled  Friar 
liacon  niul  Friar  Bungay.  Both  the 
friars  arc  conjurors,  and  the  piece  con- 
cludes with  one  of  their  pupils  being 
carried  off  to  the  infernal  regions  on  the 
back  of  one  of  friar  Bacon's  demons 
(1591). 

Bungen  [Am-'n],  the  street  in 
Hamelin  down  which  the  pied  piper 
Bunting  led  the  rats  into  the  river  Wesei 
anil  the  children  into  a  cave  in  the  moun- 
tain Koppenberg.  No  music  of  any  kind 
i»  permitted  to  he  played  in  this  street. 

Bungey  (Friar),  personification  of 
the  charlatan  of  science  in  the  fifteenth 
century. 

%*  In  The  Last  of  the  Barons,  by  lord 
Lytton,  friar  Bungey  is  an  historical 
character,  and  is  said  to  have  "  raised 
mists  and  vapours,"  which  befriended 
Edward  IV.  at  the  battle  of  Baroet. 

Buns'by  (Captain  John  or  Jack), 
owner  of  the  Cautious  Clara.  Captain 
considered  him  "a  philosopher, 
and  quite  an  oracle."  Captain  Bunsby 
had  one  "stationary  anil  one  revolving 
eye,"  a  v<  ry  red  face,  and  was  extremely 
taciturn.  The  captain  was  entrapped  by 
Mrs.  McStinger  (the  termagant  landlady 

of  his  friend  captain  Cuttle)  into  marry- 
ing her. — C.  Dickens,  Dombeu  and  Son 
(1816). 

Bunting,  the  pied  piper  of  Bam'elin. 

II  ■  was  so  called  from  his  dress. 

T..  l.l.iw  tl„.  plp«  |,|.  Up)  ho  wrinkled. 

And  groan  mid  blue  bli  sharp  ■  >•  ,  twinkled  .  . 

And  .  i.  pipe  bad  ottan  1  .  .  . 

Out  of  the  I irml   oaxne  tumiillnK — 

(■reat  rata,  email  rat...  Iran  rata,  brae 
llr.,wn  rata,  Ida.  k  rata.  KTej  rata,  tawny  r  .la. 
And  step  l.y  iu  i>  the)  followed  him  dancing. 
Till  i  rlrer  V 

H.  I'.r.wnlnit. 

Bur  (Jv'tn),  the  servant  of  Job  Thorn- 


berry,  the  brazier  of  Penzance.     Brusque 

in    his    manners,    but    i I 

1  to  hi  -  masti  r,  by  whom 
taken   from   the  workhouse.     John    linr 
kept  his  master's  "1 Its"  fur  twenty- 
two  yean  with  the  utmost  fidelity.— G. 

Oilman,  jun.,  John  /•  I 

BurTx>n  (ue.  Henri  TV.  of  1 
He  is    betrothed    to    Fordo! 

who  has  been  enticed  from  him  by  (iran- 
torto  (rebelli  »).      Being  i         ■  .  .1 

sides  by  a  rabble  rout,  rordelia  is  I 

off  by  "hellrake  hounds."      The  rabble 
batter    Hurbon's    shield    (/"'  I 
and  compel   him   to  throw  it   away,      Sit 
Ar'tegal    (ri</ht    or   jusi  s    the 

"recreant  knight"  from  the  mob,  but 
blames  him  fur  his  anknightly  folly  in 
throwing    away    his    shield    (of    faith). 

Tains    (the   •  hell- 

hounds, pets  possession  id  the  lady,  and 
though  she  limits  Burbon,  he  catel 

up  upon  his  Bteed  and  rid.  -  off  with  her. 

— Spenser, 

Burchell    (-'/v.),   alias  sir  William 
Thomhill,     aboul     30    years     oi 
When  r»r.  Primrose,  the  vicar  of  \ 

field,  loses  £liiMi.  }ir.  Burchell   1  • 
himself    as   a    broken-down   gentleman, 
and    the    doctor    oilers    him    his    purse. 
I  le  turned  his  back  OTJ  the  two  Mash  ladies 
who  talked  of  their  high-life  doin 
cried  "  Fudge  !  "  after  all  their  boastings 
and  remarks.    Mr.  Burchell  twice  r 
Sophia  Primrose,  and  ultimately  married 
her.  —  Goldsmith,     Vicar    of    Wakefield 
(1765). 

Burgundy  1 1 
of), introduced  by  sir  \V.  Scott  in  \ 

•■/ and  in  .bi.'jc  "'' '.,-;,  rsfVi'n.     The 
latter  QOVel  contains  the  duke's  defeat   at 

Nancy7,  and  his  death  [time,  Edward  1\\>. 

Bu'ridan's  Ass.     A  man  of 

cision    is  so   called   from  tlie  hypo: 

a<s  of  Buridan,  the  tireek  sophist.     Hu- 

lidan  maintained  that  "  if  an  a-s  could 
be  placed  between  two  ha\  -Macks  in  such 

a  way  that  its  choice  was  >  venlv  balanced 
between  them,  it  would  Btarve  to  aeath, 

for  there  would  be  no  motive  why  he 
should     choose     the    one    and    rijcct    the 

other." 

Burluigh  (William  Cecil,        '>.  lord 
treasurer  to  queen  Elizabeth 

introduced  by  sir  \V.  Scott  in  his  his- 
torica]    novel    called    /  .    (time, 

Elizabeth). 

lie   is   •  no   of  the   principal   character* 


BURLEIGH. 


144 


BUSQUEUE. 


in  The  Earl  of  Essex,  a  tragedy  by  Henry 
Jones  (1745). 

Burleigh  (Lord),  a.  parliamentary  leader, 
in  The  Legend  of  Montrose,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (time,  Charles  I.). 

A  lord  Burleigh  shake  of  the  head,  a 
great  deal  meant  by  a  look  or  movement, 
though  little  or  nothing  is  said.  Puff, 
in  his  tragedy  of  the  "  Spanish  Armada," 
introduces  lord  Burleigh,  "who  has  the 
affairs  of  the  whole  nation  in  his  head, 
and  has  no  time  to  talk  ; "  but  his  lord- 
ship comes  on  the  stage  and  shakes  his 
head,  by  which  he  means  far  more  than 
words  could  utter.     Puff  says : 

Why,  by  that  shake  of  the  head  he  Rave  you  to 
understand  that  even  though  they  had  more  justice  in 
their  causo  and  wisdom  in  their  measures,  yet,  if  there 
was  not  a  greater  spirit  shown  on  the  part  of  the  people, 
the  country  would  at  last  fall  a  sacrifice  to  the  hostile 
ambition  of  the  Spanish  monarchy. 

Sneer.  Did  he  mean  all  that  by  shaking  his  head? 

Puff.  Every  word  of  it. — Sheridan,  The  Critic,  1L  1 
(1779). 

The  original  "  lord  Burleigh  "  was  Irish  Moody  [1728- 
1813].— Cornhill  Magazine  (1867). 

Burlesque  Poetry  (Father  of), 
Hippo'nax   of    Ephesus    (sixth    century 

B.C.). 

Burlong,  a  giant,  whose  legs  sir 
Try'amour  cut  off. — Romance  of  Sir  Try- 
cmour. 

Burn  Daylight  (We),  wc  waste 
time  (in  talk  instead  of  action). — Shake- 
speare, Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  act  ii. 
sc.  1  (1601). 

Burnbill,  Henry  de  Londrcs,  arch- 
bishop of  Dublin  and  lord  justice  of 
Ireland,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  It 
is  said  that  he  fraudulently  burnt  all  the 
"bills"  or  instruments  by  which  the 
tenants  of  the  archbishopric  held  their 
estates. 

Burning  Crown.  Regicides  were 
at  one  time  punished  by  having  a  crown 
of  red-hot  iron  placed  on  their  head. 

He  was  adjudged 
To  have  his  head  seared  with  a  burning  crown. 
Author  unknown.  Tragedy  of  Hoffman  (1631). 

Burns  of  France  (The),  Jasmin, 
a  barber  of  Gascony.  Louis  Philippe 
presented  to  him  a  gold  watch  and  chain, 
and  the  duke  of  Orleans  an  emerald  ring. 

Bur'ris,  an  honest  lord,  favourite  of 
the  great-duke  of  Moscovia. — Beaumont 
*nd  Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Busby  (.A),  a  low  conical  bearskin 
hat  worn  by  certain  British  volunteers. 

Busby  Wig  (A),  a  punning  syno- 
nym  of  a  "  buzzwig,"  the  joke  being  a 


reference  to  Dr.  Busby  of  Westminster 
School,  who  never  wore  a  wig,  but  only 
a  skull-cap. 

Business  To-morrow  is  what 
Archias,  one  of  the  Spartan  polemarchs 
in  Athens,  said,  when  a  letter  was  handed 
to  him  respecting  the  insurrection  of 
Pelopidas.  He  was  at  a  banquet  at  the 
time,  and  thrust  the  letter  under  his 
cushion ;  but  Pelopidas,  with  his  400 
insurgents,  rushed  into  the  room  during 
the  feast,  and  slew  both  Archias  and  the 
rest  of  the  Spartan  officers. 

Bu'sirane  (3  syl.),  an  enchanter  who 
bound  Am'oret  by  the  waist  to  a  brazen 
pillar,  and,  piercing  her  with  a  dart, 
wrote  magic  characters  with  the  dropping 
blood,  "all  for  to  make  her  love  him." 
When  Brit'omart  approached,  the  en- 
chanter started  up,  and,  running  to 
Amoret,  was  about  to  plunge  a  knife 
into  her  heart  ;  but  Britomart  intercepted 
the  blow,  overpowered  the  enchanter, 
compelled  him  to  "reverse  his  charms," 
and  then  bound  him  fast  with  his  own 
chain. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ill.  11, 
12  (1590). 

Busi'ris,  king  of  Egypt,  was  told  by 
a  foreigner  that  the  long  drought  of  nine 
years  would  cease  when  the  gods  of  the 
country  were  mollified  by  human  sacri- 
fice. "  So  be  it,"  said  the  king,  and 
ordered  the  man  himself  to  be  offered 
as  the  victim. — Herod,  ii.  59-61. 

Tis  said  that  Egypt  for  nine  years  was  dry  ; 

Nor  Nile  did  floods  nor  heaven  did  rain  supply. 

A  foreigner  at  length  informed  the  king 

That  slaughtered  guests  would  kindly  moisture  bring. 

The  king  replied,  "  On  thee  the  lot  shall  fall ; 

Be  thou,  my  guest,  the  sacrifice  for  alt" 

Ovid,  A  rt  of  Love,  L 

Busi'ris,  supposed  by  Milton  to  be  the 
Pharaoh  drowned  in  the  Red  Sea. 

Hath  vexed  the  Red  Sea  coast,  whose  waves  o'erthrew 
Busiris  and  his  Memphian  chivalry'- 

Milton,  rarndite  Lott,  L  306  (1665). 

Bus'ne  (2  syl.).  So  the  gipsies  call 
all  who  do  not  belong  to  their  race. 

The  gold  of  the  Busn* ;  give  me  her  gold. 

Longfellow,  The  Spanith  Student. 

Busqueue  (Lord),  plaintiff  in  the 
great.  Pantagruelian  lawsuit  known  as 
"lord  Busqueue  v.  lord  Suckfist,"  in 
which  the  parties  concerned  pleaded  for 
themselves.  Lord  Busqueue  stated  his 
grievance  and  spoke  so  learnedly  and  at 
such  length  that  no  one  understood  one 
word  about  the  matter  ;  then  lord  Suckfist 
replied,  and  the  bench  declared  "  We 
have  not  understood  one  iota  of  the 
I    defence."     Pantag'ruel,    however,     gave 


i'.l  BY  BODY. 


l  !.'. 


BYKON  AND  MARY. 


judgment,  ami  u  both  plaintiff  and 
defendant  conaideied  he  bad  got  the 
verdict,  both  were  fully  satisfied,  "a 
tiling  without  parallel  in  all  (he  annals  of 
"iirt."  —  Rabelais,    Pantagruel,   ii. 

Busy  Body  (TV),  a  comedy  by  Mrs, 
Cantlivre  (1709).  Sir  Francis  Gripe 
(guardian  of  Miranda  an  heiress,  and 
father  <  f  Charles),  a  man  65  years  old, 
Wishes  to  marry  Ids  ward  f'>r  the  sake 
of  her  money,  bat  Miranda  Lores  and  is 
beloved  by  sir  George  Airy,  a  man  of 
M.  She  pretends  t"  love  "Gardy,"  and 
dupes  him  into  yielding  «i j ■  her  money 
and  giving  his  consent  to  her  marriage 
with  "the  man  of  her  choice,"  ' 
ins  himself  to  be  the  person.  Charles 
is  in  love  with  [sabinda,  daughter  of  sir 
Jealous  Traffick,  who  has  made  ap  his 
mind    that  she    shall    marry    a    Spaniard 

named  don  Diego  Babinetto, expected  to 
arrive  forthwith.  Charles  dresses  in  a 
Spanish  costume,   passes  himself  off  as 

the  expected  don,  and  is  married  to  the 
lady  of  his  choice;  BO  both  the  old  men 
are  duped,  and  all  the  yonng  people  wed 
according  to  their  wishes. 

But  are  Ye  sure  the  News  is 
True?  This  exquisite  lyric  is  generally 
ascribed  to  William  stickle,  hut  Sarah 
Tyler,  in  fl  /  W  is,  March, 
ascribes  it  to  Jean  Adam  of  Crawford's 
Dyke.  She  says,  "Colin  and  Jean"  are 
Colin  and  Je.-m  Campbell  of  Crawford's 
Dyke — the  Jean  being  the  poetess  and 
writer  of  the  poem. 

Butcher  (The),  Achmet  pasha,  who 
struck  oil  the  beads  of  Beven  of  In.-  wives 
at  once.  Be  defended  Acre  against  Napo- 
. 

John  ninth  b.rd  Clifford,  called  "The 
Black  Clifford"  (died  1 161). 

Oliver  do  Clisson,  constable  of  France 
(1820    1407). 

linth.r  •'    ),    the     <b, 

Cumberland.  -.    ••u  !  -•  I  1.  ;   so 

called    for   his   great     barbarities    in    sup- 

Dg  the  rebellion  of  Charles  Edward, 
the  young  pretend*  r  1 1 726  i  -  66). 

Butcher  of  England,  John  Tiptoft, 

earl  of  Worcester,  a  mat  I  irnmg 

and  a  patron  of  learning  (died  1470). 

»  •  !..».    II    Iri^.rC     CSrv- 

■fc 

SMaobi  "  >•  lyre.  Ilinlllil.'.tiiir  Intrtml  niaa 

kB|«i..l  '  .  i    i 

tDjntll,   II,.     Inf., ,1.1 '  |     I 

Mi  acquire!  ii..-  nlckiuu  i      . :..  •  ul  IU^ju.,1 

—OU  and  Ant  I  tmU<m.  U.  'M. 


Butler  ,     military 

chaplain  at  Madras.     Sir  rV.    S     •;,  The 

1 1.). 

!■•''>  -erian  min- 

ister, married  t..  .!.  . 

en. 

■  Uible 
Butler,"  grs 
father  of  Benjamin. 

o  Jwlitu   I  i-ii'b  grand- 

mother and  S 

Euphenua  <>r  Femie   Butler,   Ileubeu's 
daughter. 

—  Mr     W.     B  t    of    Mid  \ 

(time,  George  II.). 

Buttercup  {John),  a  milkman.— W. 
Brough,  A  / 

Buxo'ma,  a  shepherdess  with  whom 
Cuddy  was  in 

My  lirmrn  Buxnma  U  the  frntwt  niaM 
That  e'er  al  »  plarad  .  .  . 

Ainl  i,.  iih.  r  !  .  r  Trajr, 

Dance  like  Buxunia  on  Uie  fir  • 

Gay.  faMoral.  L  (1714). 

Buz'fuz    {Serjeant),  the  plea 
tained    by    Dodson    and    Fogg    foi    the 
plaintiff  in  the  celebrafc 

dell  r.   Pickwick."     Serjeant   Buzfo  i 

driving,  chaffing,  masculine  bar  orator, 
who  proved  that  Mr.  Pickwick's  note 
about   ■•  chops  and  tomato  saui  e 

declaration  of  love  ;  and  that  his  reminder 

•  ■  want- 
only a  flimsy  cov(  udouz 
of  his  affection.    Of  com               ■  Mdant 

was  found  guilty  by  tin  ■  'jury. 

(His  junior  was  Skimpin.) — C.  1' 

Buz'zard  ( 1  tiirui  and  Mi 

r,  by   Dryden  |  pt.  iii.  . 
for  I  >r.  Gilbert  Burnet,  «  host 
lusty  (1648  1716). 

.     Bycorn,  a  fat  cow,  so  fat  that  i: 
igh    to    bursting,    bul 

enduring  hu 
Byron  (  The   PoUt  U 

g.  ivitch  PuBChk  7). 

•  autiful  and 
accomplished    WOfl  h    rank,  ib- 

r  attached  to  ~]r  i 

Whom    ultimately  she  n.arrii  ^.       Ri 

Byron  and  Mary.    Tin  "Mar;,     of 


BYRON  AND  TERESA  GUICCIOLI.    146 


CADWALLON. 


Byron's  song  is  Miss  Chaworth.  Both 
Miss  Chaworth  and  lord  Byron  were 
wards  of  Mr.  White.  Miss  Chaworth 
married  John  Musters,  and  lord  Byron 
married  Miss  Milbanke  of  Durham; 
both  equally  unhappy. 

I  have  a  passion  for  the  name  of  "  Mary,* 
For  once  it  was  a  magic  name  to  me. 

Byron,  IMm  Juan,  y.  4  (1830). 

Byron  and   Teresa    Gruiccioli. 

This  lady  was  the  wife  of  count  Guiccioli, 
an  old  man,  but  very  rich.  Moore  says 
that  Byron  "  never  loved  but  once,  till  he 
loved  Teresa." 

Byron  and  the  Edinburgh  Re- 
view. It  was  Jeffrey  and  not  Brougham 
who  wrote  the  article  which  provoked  the 
poet's  reply. 


C. 


C  (in  Notes  and  Queries),  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Wilson  Croker. 

CaaTja  (Al),  the  shrine  of  Mecca, 
said  by  the  Arabs  to  be  built  by  Abra- 
ham on  the  exact  spot  of  the  tabernacle 
let  down  from  heaven  at  the  prayer  of 
repentant  Adam.  Adam  had  been  a 
wanderer  for  200  years,  and  here  received 
pardon. 

The  black  stone,  according  to  one  tra- 
dition, was  once  white,  but  was  turned 
black  by  the  kisses  of  sinners.  It  is  "a 
petrified  angel." 

According  to  another  tradition,  this 
stone  was  given  to  Ishmael  by  the  angel 
Gabriel,  and  Abraham  assisted  his  son  to 
insert  it  in  the  wall  of  the  shrine. 

Cabal,  an  anagram  of  a  ministry 
formed  by  Charles  II.  in  1670,  and  con- 
sisting of  C[lifford],  A[shley],  B[uck- 
ingham],  Arlington],  L [auderdale] . 

Cacafo'go,  a  rich,  drunken  usurer, 
stumpy  and  fat,  choleric,  a  coward,  and 
a  bully.  He  fancies  money  will  buy 
even-thing  and  every  one. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Rule  a  Wife  and  Have  a 
Wife  (1610). 

Cacur'gus,  the  fool  or  domestic 
jester  of  Misog'onus.  Cacurgus  is  a 
fustic  simpleton  and  cunning  mischief- 
maker. — Thomas  Rychardes,  Misogonus 
(the  third  English  comedy,  1560). 

Ca'cus,  a  giant  who  lived  in  a  cave 


on  mount  Av'entine  (3  By/.).  When 
Hercules  came  to  Italy  with  the  oxen 
which  he  had  taken  from  Ger'yon  of 
Spain,  Cacus  stole  part  of  the  herd,  but 
dragged  the  animals  by  their  tails  into 
his  cave,  that  it  might  be  bupposed  they 
had  come  out  of  it. 

If  he  falls  into  slips,  it  is  equally  clear  they  were  Intro- 
duced by  him  on  purpose  to  confuse,  like  Cacus.  tho 
traces  of  his  retreat. — Encye.  Brit.  Art.  "  Romance." 

Cad,  a  low-born,  vulgar  fellow.  A 
cadie  in  Scotland  was  a  carrier  of  a 
sedan-chair. 

All  Edinburgh  men  and  boys  kno»  that  when  sedam- 
chairs  were  discontinued,  the  old  cadies  .<ank  Into 
ninous  poverty,  and  became  synonymous  with  roughs. 
The  word  was  brought  to  London  by  James  Hannay,  who 
frequently  used  it — M.  Pringle. 

%•  M.  Pringle  assures  ns  that  the 
word  came  from  Turkey. 

Cade'nus  (3  syl.),  dean  Swift.  The 
word  is  simply  de-ca-nus  ("a  dean"), 
with  the  first  two  syllables  transposed 
(ca-de-nus).  "Vanessa"  is  Miss  Esther 
Vanhomrigh,  a  young  lady  who  fell  in 
love  with  Swift,  and  proposed  marriage. 
The  dean's  reply  is  given  in  the  poem 
entitled  Cadenus  and  Vanessa  [i.e.  Van- 
Esther]  . 

Cadu  ceus,  the  wand  of  Mercury. 
The  "  post  of  Mercury  "  means  the  office 
of  a  pimp,  and  to  "bear  the  caduceus  " 
means   to    exercise    the  functions  of    a 

pimp. 

I  did  not  think  the  post  of  Hercury-ln-chlef  quite  so 
honourable  as  it  was  called  .  .  .  and  I  resolved  to  aban- 
don the  Caduceus  for  ever. — Lesage,  Oil  Blot,  xil.  3,  4 

(1715|. 

Cadur'ci,  the  people  of  Aquita'nia. 

Cad'wal.  Arvir'agus,  son  of  Cym'- 
beline,  was  so  called  while  he  lived  in 
the  woods  with  Bela'rius,  who  called 
himself  Morgan,  and  whom  Cadwal  sup- 
posed to  be  his  father. — Shakespeare, 
Cymbeline  (1605). 

Cadwallader,  called  by  Bede  (1 
syl.)  Elidwalda,  son  of  Cadwalla  king 
of  Wales.  Being  compelled  by  pesti- 
lence and  famine  to  leave  Britain,  he 
went  to  Armorica.  After  the  plague 
ceased  he  went  to  Rome,  where,  in  689, 
he  was  baptized,  and  received  the  name 
of  Peter,  but  died  very  soon  afterwards, 

Cadwallader  that  drave  [nailed]  to  the  Armoric  ■hora. 
Drayton,  PoJyolbicm,  is.  (1613V, 

Cadwallader,  the  misanthrope  in  Smol* 
lett's  Peregrine  Pickle  (1751). 

CadwaU'on,  son  of  the  blinded 
Cyne'tha.  Both  father  and  son  accom- 
panied  prince  Madoc  to  North  Amerio* 


CADWALLON. 


147 


CESAR. 


in  the  twelfth  centurv. — Southey,  iladoc 
(1805). 

Cadwal'lon,  the  favourite  bard  of 
prince  Gwenwyn.  He  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  sir  Hugode  Lacy,  disguised,  under 
the  assumed  name  of  Renault  Yidal. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  I'lxe  Jictrot/icd  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Cae'cias,  the  north-west  wind.  Ar- 
geetde  is  the  north-east,  and  Bo'reas  the 
full  north. 

Borens  and  Cieclaii  and  Argestea  limil 
.   .       rem.  the  wo.kU.  ,-in.l  MM  upturn. 

Miluui,  I'aradit  Lou,  x.  8BB,  lie.  (1665). 

Ca?lesti'na,  the  bride  of  sir  Walter 
Terill.  The  king  commanded  sir  \\":ii t t-r 
to  bring  his  bride  to  court  on  the  night 
of  her  marriage.  Her  father,  to  Bave 
her  honour,  gave  her  a  mixture  supposed 
to  be  poison,  but  in  reality  it  was  only  a 
sleeping  draught.  In  due  time  the  bride 
recovered,  to  the  amusement  of  the  king 
and  delight  of  her  husband. — Th.  Dekker, 
Satiro-mastix  (l»i02). 

Cfe'neu.8  [Se.wuce]  was  born  of  the 
female  sex,  and  was  originally  called 
('amis.  Vain  of  her  beauty,  she  r.  j 
all  lovers,  but  was  one  day  surprise. 1  by 
Nipt  une,  who  offered  her  violence, 
changed  her  sex,  converted  hex  name  to 
Ceneus,  and  gave  her  (or  rather  him)  the 
gift  of  being  invulnerable.  In  the  wars 
of  the  Lap'iuue,  Ceneus  offended  Jupiter, 
and  was  overwhelmed  under  a  pile  of 
wood,  but  came  forth  converted  into  a 
yellow  bird,  .l-.ncas  found  Ceneus  in  the 
infernal  regions  restored  to  the  feminine 
The  order  is  inverted  by  sir  John 
Davies : 

Ami  how  win  Onrm  m.ulo  lit  first  a  man, 
Ami  then  a  Woman,  then  u  man 

Ordu-ur*.  etc.  (1615). 

Caesar,  said  to  be  a  Panic  word 
meaning  "an  elephant,"  "(.'nod  avus 
ejus     in     Africa     manu     propria     OOCldit 

elephantem  "  (Plin.  Hist.  viii.  7).     There 
are  old   coins   stamped  on   the  one  side 

with    D1TUS   .HI. II   S,  the    reverse   hav- 

3.P.Q.K.  with  an  elephant,  in  allu- 
sion to  the  African  original. 

In  Tfir^nm  J.nialhanU  Ccdr*  rxtat.  n.itl.me  afllne.  pro 

■    '  -ll.  ■  Uttlir.   q.UWl    I   .1.1  urn    rl    , 

li'iii'inum.  -  i  :u..\ulx'ii.  Animal*.  tw  rVoafwl 

:r  (Cbtlll  Julius). 

■      re  l'»e  rend,  but  where  1  forgot,  he  could  dlr- 
talo 

ten  at   mire,    at   Uie  lamo    lime   writing    lib 
r.  .  .  . 
lu-tu.,  I-  hi.:.  Ii.inl.1.  Innllille  Iberian  i 
^*n  Iw  MDOd  m  homo,  and  1  Uiluk  he  waa  n^!il  wl.-  n 
beaakt  1L 


Twice  wai  he  married  before  be  waa  M,  and  mauj  Umaa 

after : 
Battle*  5<K]  he  (ought,  and  a  thousand   dtlea   he   eoa- 

But  in  dually  ftabbed  br  his  friend  the  orator  Britua. 
Longfellow.  CourttMj.  o/  HVet  SMnuiuA.  1L 

(Longfellow  refers  to   Pliny,  vii.   86, 
where  he  says  that  Csomir  "  could  employ, 

at    one   and    the   same   time,    his    < 
listen,  his  ey<  is  hand  to  writ'-, 

and    his   ton 

to  have  conquered  800  nations ;  to  have 
taken  <SI111  cities,  to  have  slain  in  i 
million  men,  and  to  have  defeated  three 
millions.     See  below,  ' 

■  'in  I  hit  Fortune,     Plutarcl         « 
that  Cesar  told   tin-  captain  of  the  l 
in   which   he   sailed    that   no   harm   could 
come  to  his  ship,  fur  that  he  had  »' 
and  his  fortune'  with  him." 

Now  ani  I  like  that  proud  insulting  *htp. 
Which  t'.TKir  and  bU  fortune  bare  a!  ■      - 
Shakespeare.  1  Henry  17.  act  I.  at.  'J  (1589). 

Cirtnr  saves  /<>'  Once, 

when    Julius    Ceesar  was    in  dan 
being  apsel  into  the  sea  by  the  overload- 
ing of  a  boat,  he  swam  to  the  i 

ship,  with  his  book  ol  tries  in 

Ins  hand.—  SuetOnillB. 

r's       WOTS.        The     car 
sinned    by   the    wars   of  CtBSar  is   usually 
estimate, l  at  a  million  fighting  men.     He 
won   820   triumphs,  and   fought   500   hat- 
tlos.     See  above,  I  us  Jtilius). 

What  million,  .lied  thM  Cnsar  might  I*  great  I 

Ommpball,  Tht  nmumm  ■•<  //o/w.  u.  (17»). 

villi, 
vici,"  written  to  the  senate  to  announce 
his    overthrow    of    Pharnaces    - 

PontUB.      This   "hop,  skip,  and  a  jump" 
was,  however,  the  work  of  three  rj 

nic-r     and 
that  Julius  i  :e-ar  was 
killed  in  the  capitol.    Thus  Polonio 
to    Hamlet,  "  1    did    enact   Julius   I 
1  was  killed   i'   the   Capitol  " 

iii.  sc  "J).     And  Chaucer  sayi : 

ThUJullin  tn  ■  :<■      .  . 

Ale I  III  the  .'..; 

Tlil.  false  Rrutu      u 

Oil  nlrr  .'u.r>    ,'   .  .  ■  Tale."  1SW). 

Plutarch    i 

killed  in  l'1  i  :  and 

in  Jul.  -  he  fell 

(act  iii.  sc 

unfinished  drama  cal 
i.     This  i 
nold  (the  hunchback)   into  the  form  of 
Achilles,   and   assumes   himw  I 
fortuity  and  ugliness  which  Aruoi.. 


CAESAR. 


148 


CAIN  AND  ABEL. 


off.  The  drama  being  incomplete,  all 
that  can  be  said  is  that  "  Caesar,"  in 
cynicism,  effrontery,  and  snarling  bitter- 
ness of  spirit,  is  the  exact  counterpart  of 
his  prototype,  Mephistopkeles  (1821). 

Casar  (Don),  an  old  man  of  6:5,  the 
father  of  Olivia.  In  order  to  induce  his 
daughter  to  marry,  he  makes  love  to 
Marcella,  a  girl  of  1G. — Mrs.  Cowley,  A 
Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband  (1782). 

Cae'sarism,  the  absolute  rule  of  man 
over  man,  with  the  recognition  of  no  law 
di  viie  or  human  beyond  that  of  the  ruler's 
will.  Caesar  must  be  summus  pontifex 
as  well  as  imperdtor. — Dr.  Manning,  On 
Ccesarism  (1873).     (See  Chauvinism.) 

Cael,  a  Highlander  of  the  western 
coast  of  Scotland.  These  Cael  had 
colonized,  in  very  remote  times,  the 
northern  parts  of  Ireland,  as  the  Fir-bolg 
or  Belga?  of  Britain  had  colonized  the 
southern  parts.  The  two  colonies  had 
each  a  separate  king.  When  Crothar  was 
king  of  the  Fir-bolg  (or  "lord  of  Atha "), 
he  carried  off  Conla'ma,  daughter  of  the 
king  of  Ulster  (i.e.  "chief  of  the  Cael"), 
and  a  general  war  ensued  between  the 
two  races.  The  Cael,  being  reduced  to  the 
last  extremity,  sent  to  Trathal  (Fingal's 
grandfather)  for  help,  and  Trathal  sent 
over  Con'ar,  who  was  chosen  "  king  of 
the  Cael "  immediately  he  landed  in 
Ulster;  and  having  reduced  the  Fir-bolg  to 
submission,  he  assumed  the  title  of  "king 
of  Ireland."  The  Fir-bolg,  though  con- 
quered, often  rose  in  rebellion,  and  made 
many  efforts  to  expel  the  race  of  Conar, 
but  never  succeeded  in  so  doing. — Ossian. 
Caer  Ery'ri,  Snowdon.  (Fryri  mea.ua 
"an  eyrie"  or  "eagle's  nest.") 

.  .  .  once  the  wondering  forester  at  dawn  •  .  • 
On  Caer  Eryri's  highest  found  the  king. 

Tennyson,  Oareth  and  Lynette, 

Caer  Gwent,  Venta,  that  is,  Gwent- 
ceaster,  Wintan-ceaster  (or  Winchester). 
The  word  Gwent  is  Celtic,  and  means  "  a 
fair  open  region." 

Caer'leon  or  Caerle'on,  on  the  Usk, 
in  Wales,  the  chief  royal  residence  of 
king  Arthur.  It  was  here  that  he  kept  at 
Pentecost  "his  Round  Table"  in  great 
(splendour.  Occasionally  these  "courts" 
were  held  at  Camelot. 

Where,  as  at  Caerleon  oft,  he  kept  the  Table  Round. 
Most  famous  for  the  sports  at  Pentecost. 

Drayton.  PUyolbion,  iii.  (1612). 
For  Arthur  on  the  Whitsuntide  before 
Held  court  at  old  Caerle'on-upon-Usk. 

Tennyson,  Enid. 

Caerleon  (Tfie  Battle  of),  one  of  the 
twelve  great  victories  of   prince  Arthur 


over  the  Saxons.  This  battle  was  not 
fought,  as  Tennyson  says,  at  Caerleon- 
upon-Usk,  in  the  South  of  Wales,  but  at 
Caerleon,  now  called  Carlisle. 

Cages  for  Men.  Alexander  the 
Great  had  the  philosopher  Callisthenes 
chained  for  seven  months  in  an  iron  cage, 
for  refusing  to  pay  him  divine  honours. 

Catherine  II.  of  Russia  kept  her  perru- 
quier  for  more  than  three  years  in  an  iron 
cage  in  her  bed-chamber,  to  prevent  his 
telling  people  that  she  wore  a  wig. — Mons. 
de  Masson,  Me'moires  Secrets  sur  la  Bussie. 

Edward  I.  confined  the  countess  of 
Buchan  in  an  iron  cage,  for  placing 
the  crown  of  Scotland  on  the  head  of 
Bruce.  This  cage  was  erected  on  one 
of  the  towers  of  Berwick  Castle,  where 
the  countess  was  exposed  to  the  rigour  of 
the  elements  and  the  gaze  of  passers-by. 
One  of  the  sisters  of  Bruce  was  similarly 
dealt  with. 

Louis  XL  confined  cardinal  Balue 
(grand-almoner  of  France)  for  ten  years  in 
an  iron  cage  in  the  castle  of  Loches[ZosA]. 

Tamerlane  enclosed  the  sultan  Bajazet 
in  an  iron  cage,  and  made  of  him  a  public 
show.     So  says  D'Herbelot. 

An  iron  cage  was  made  by  Timour*s  command,  com- 
posed on  every  side  of  iron  gratings,  through  which  the 
captive  sultan  [Bajazet]  could  be  seen  in  any  direction. 
He  travelled  in  this  den  slung  between  two  horses. — Leun- 
clavius. 

Caglios'tro  (Count  de),  the  assumed 
name  of  Joseph  Balsamo  (1743-1795). 

Ca  ira,  one  of  the  most  popular 
revolutionary  songs,  composed  forthe  Fete 
de  la  Federation,  in  1789,  to*  the  tune  of 
Le  Carillon  National.  M arie  Antoinette 
was  for  ever  strumming  this  air  on  her 
harpsichord.  "Ca  ira"  was  the  rallying 
cry  borrowed  hy  the  Federalists  from  Dr. 
Franklin,  who  used  to  say,  in  reference  to 
the  American  Revolution,  Ah !  ah  I  ca 
ira  !  ca  ira  1  ("  It  will  speed  "). 

'Twas  all  the  same  to  him — Ood  save  the  King, 
Or  Ca  ira. 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  iii.  84  (1820). 

Cain  and  Abel  are  called  in  the 
Koran  "  Kabil  and  Habil."  The  tradition 
is  that  Cain  was  commanded  to  marry 
Abel's  sister,  and  Abel  to  marry  Cain's, 
but  Cain  demurred  because  his  own  sister 
was  the  more  beautiful,  and  so  the  matter 
was  referred  to  God,  and  God  answered 
"  No  "  by  rejecting  Cain's  sacrifice. 

The  Mohammedans  also  say  that  Cam 
carried  about  with  him  the  dead  body  of 
Abel,  till  he  saw  a  raven  scratch  a  hole  in 
the  ground  to  bury  a  dead  bird.  The 
hint  was  taken,  and  Abel  was  buried 
under  ground. —Sale's  Koran,  v.  notes. 


CAlN-n.|..ii  RED  Bl  AKP. 


149 


CALDERON. 


Cain-coloured  Beard,   I  da   and 
and  painting!  are 

alv.  .l_\   I 

He  bath  a  little  wm  ha*,  villi  a  IliUr  »•  lluw  rx-ard  ;  a 
i  .it.  i     l-arl.-.-lmkr.i^xrc,     Mrrrf     HImi     •/ 

Himltor,  act  I.  K.  4  (U 

Cain's  Hill.    Mmmdrel  tells  na  that 

u  ia  a 

high  hill,  reported  to  be  the  same  on  which 

aleiw  his  brother.   Abel." — Zl 
181. 

In   th«t    place   where   Diunaecim  wiu    banded,    Kim 

Mid  Uli  brother.— Sir  John  Maumlcvitlc.  rr.inli, 

Caina  rA"u.i\rvi/i],  the  place  to  which 
murderers  tire  doomed. 

Caina  walla 
Tlio  »-ul  win.  .j.ill.  nana  Uh. 

Darto.  //.//.  » 

CairTmr,  son  of  Borbar-Duthul,  "lord 
of  Aihd"  (Connaught),  the  mooi  potent 
of  the  race  of  the  Kir  boh;.  He  i 
rebellion  against  Cormac  "king  of  [re- 
Land, "  murdered  him  (7Wnora,  i.),  and 
ed  the  throne;  bnl  Fingal  (who  was 
distantly  related  to  Connac)  went  to  Ire- 
land wiih  an  truly,  to  restore  the  ancient 
dynasty.     Cairber  invito  ingal's 

grandt  id  <  tecar  at 

the  invitation,  hut  Cairbar  having  pro- 
voked a  quarrel  with  hia  guest,  the  two 
fought,  anil  both  were  slain. 

"Thyheartliarm-k.   Th)  Ihrniuhuarr  ilarlt  ami  I. '■-■I;. 
Tliuu  iu-1  the  brother  "f  Calhuior  .  .  .  bnl 
Uk..-  thins,  thou  r —  j  . j--  band  In 

i.  itaJinxl  by  thy  iIomU." — U  alAJl,  Ttmora,  I. 

Cair'bro   (2  sy/.),  sometimea  ■ 
i  her,"  third  kin„'  of  Ireland,  of  the 
Caledonian  line.     (There  was  also  a  Cair- 
lord  of  Atlm,"  a  Fir-bolg,  quite  a 
■■.I  person,  i 
Caledonian    line    ran    tune:    (1) 
: .  i'i r~t  "  km;;  of  Ireland 
• 
Artho,  his  -  Coi mac  II.,  hit 

•  rad-Artho,  hia  couain.    <  raaian. 

Cai'us  (3  -'.'//.),  the  assumed  name  of 
irl  of   Kenl   whin  be   attended  on 

i  and   R< 
to  entertain  their  aged  father  with 

• 

Cbi'va    (/'»"),    a     French    physician, 
servants    are    Rugby    an  I     M 
Quickly.     Shak< 

kl  atd 

-  ..  — llaraiiUf. 

irlgin- 

ally    G  ill.      In     I 

.  into  .i  college  by  l>r.  John  1. 


'i-r  him    Cm%4  <A 
Key's  Culle<je. 

md,  famous 

Calantlri'no. 
all    Europe    merry   for 

—  l!o. 

Calan'tha,  | 
by  Ith'oclSs.     Ithocli  ■  indu< 

• 
cess.     This  - 

to  requite  hia  I  ••  >-,  ami  the  h  i 

to  tin-  union.    During  a  grand  courl 
inony  i  lalantha  ia  iniorn 
ili-utii  of  her  bather,  another  annom 
her  thai  Penthea  hail  starved  herself  to 
death   from   hatred   to    I 
third  foil  w  -  to  till  her  thai  ll 

•  d   husband,  baa   been   mur 
( lalantha  bat*  ■  do  jol  of  tht 

- 
end.    '1  In-  coronal 
is  the  ceremony 
port   the   strain  do   longer,  and,  I 

- 
i  Heart  (1< 

Calan'thi 
of   Pyth'ias  the  v  —J.  hanim, 

Cala'ya,   the   third  f    tht 

Hind 

Calculator    {The).      Alfrapin    the 
Arabian  astn  non 

a.m.  B20  .    Jedediah  Buxton,  of  Eli 
in  Derbyahii 
culator     ( 1706  i  ■ 

id  a  girl   i 
wood    (whose    father 

,  nil  exhibited  their 
in  public 

il,  m    1642,  made    «    calc 
machine,  which  w 

.ating 

machii  •  -.1). 

CaK'iit  1  .i  ' 

")• 

Si  anish 

it 

Al- 
.mam 

•  -..  a  mln*      She  knew  by  heart 

|sj,  the 


CALEB. 


150 


CALEPINE. 


Caleb,  the  enchantress  who  carried  off 
8t.  George  in  infancy. 

Ca'leb,  in  Dryden"s  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophel,  is  meant  for  lord  Grey  of 
Wark,  in  Northumberland, an  adherent  of 
the  duke  of  Monmouth. 

And,  therefore,  in  the  name  of  dulness  he 
The  well-hung  Balaam  and  cold  Caleb  tree. 

Parti. 

***  "  Balaam  "  is  the  earl  of  Hunting- 
ion. 

Caled,  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Arabs  in  the  siege  of  Damascus.  He  is 
brave,  fierce,  and  revengeful.  War  is  his 
delight.  When  Pho'cyas,  the  Syrian, 
deserts  Eu'menes,  Caled  asks  him  tc 
point  out  the  governor's  tent ;  he  refuses ; 
they  fight,  and  Caled  falls. — John  Hughes, 
Siege  of  JJamascus  (1720). 

Caledo'nia,  Scotland.  Also  called 
Cal'edon. 

O  Caledonia,  stern  and  wild. 
Meet  nurse  for  a  poetic  child  I 

Sir  W.  Scott. 
Not  thus  In  ancient  da>s  of  Caledou 
Was  thy  voice  mute  amid  the  festal  erowd. 

Sir  W.  Scott. 

Caledo'nians,  Gauls  from  France 
who  colonized  south  Britain,  whence  they 
journeyed  to  Inverness  and  Ross.  The 
word  is  compounded  of  two  Celtic  words, 
Cael  ("Gaul"  or  "Celt"),  and  don  or 
dun  ("a  hill"),  so  that  Cael-don  means 
"  Celts  of  the  highlands." 

The  Highlanders  to  this  day  call  themselves  "  Cael,"  and 
their  language  "  Caelic"  or  "Gnelic,"  and  their  country 
"  Caeldock,"  which  the  Romans  softened  into  Caledonia. — 
Diuertation  on  the  Poemt  of  Ouian. 

Calenders,  a  class  of  Mohammedans 
who  abandoned  father  and  mother,  wife 
and  children,  relations  and  possessions, 
to  wander  through  the  world  as  religious 
devotees,  living  on  the  bounty  of  those 
whom  they  made  their  dupes. — D'Herbe- 
lot,  Supplement,  204. 

He  diverted  himself  with  the  multitude  of  calenders, 
Tautens,  and  dervises,  who  had  travelled  from  the  heart 
of  India,  and  halted  on  their  way  with  the  emir. — W. 
Beckford,  Vathek  (1786j. 

The  Three  Calenders,  three  royal 
princes,  disguised  as  begging  dervishes, 
each  of  whom  had  lost  his  right  eye. 
Their  adventures  form  three  tales  in  the 
Arabian  Nujhts'  Entertainments. 

Tale  of  the  First  Calender.  No  names 
are  given.  This  calender  was  the  son  of 
a  king,  and  nephew  of  another  kin^. 
While  on  a  visit  to  his  uncle  his  father 
died,  and  the  vizier  usurped  the  throne. 
When  the  prince  returned,  he  was  seized, 
tnd  tht  usurper  pulled  out  his  right  eye. 


The  uncle  died,  and  the  usurping  vizier 
made  himself  master  of  this  kingdom  also. 
So  the  hapless  young  prince  assumed  the 
garb  of  a  calender,  wandered  to  Bagdad, 
and  being  received  into  the  house  of  "  the 
three  sisters,"  told  his  tale  in  the  hearing 
of  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Raschid. — The 
Arabian  Nujhts. 

Tale  of  the  Second  Calender.  No  names 
given.  This  calender,  like  the  first,  was 
the  son  of  a  king.  On  his  way  to  India 
he  was  attacked  by  robbers,  and  though 
he  contrived  to  escape,  he  lost  all  his 
effects.  In  his  flight  he  came  to  a  large 
city,  where  he  encountered  a  tailor, 
who  gave  him  food  and  lodging.  In 
order  to  earn  a  living,  he  turned  woodman 
for  the  nonce,  and  accidentally  discovered 
an  under-ground  palace,  in  which  lived  a 
beautiful  lady,  confined  there  by  an  evil 
genius.  With  a  view  of  liberating  her, 
he  kicked  down  the  talisman,  when  the 
genius  appeared,  killed  the  lady,  and 
turned  the  prince  into  an  ape.  As  an  ape  he 
was  taken  on  board  ship,  and  transported 
to  a  large  commercial  city,  where  his  pen- 
manship recommended  him  to  the  sultan, 
who  made  him  his  vizier.  The  sultan's 
daughter  undertook  to  disenchant  him 
and  restore  him  to  his  proper  form  ;  but 
to  accomplish  this  she  had  to  fight  with 
the  malignant  genius.  She  succeeded  in 
killing  the  genius,  and  restoring  the  en- 
chanted prince ;  but  received  such  severe 
injuries  in  the  struggle  that  she  died,  and 
a  spark  of  fire  which  flew  into  the  right 
eye  of  the  prince  perished  it.  The  snltan 
was  so  heart-broken  at  the  death  of  his 
only  child,  that  he  insisted  on  the  prince 
quitting  the  kingdom  without  delay.  So 
he  assumed  the  garb  of  a  calender,  and 
being  received  into  the  hospitable  house 
of  "  the  three  sisters,"  told  his  tale  in  the 
hearing  of  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Raschid. 
— The  Arabian  Nujhts. 

Tale  of  the  Third  Calender.  This  tale  is 
given  on  p.  12,  under  the  word  Agib. 

"  I  am  called  Agib,"  he  says,  "and  am  the  son  of  a  king 
whose  name  was  Cassib." — A  ratrian  JfiglU*. 

Calepine  (Sir),  the  knight  attached 
to  Sere'na  (canto  3).  Seeing  a  bear 
carrying  off  a  child,  he  attacked  it,  and 
squeezed  it  to  death,  then  committed  the 
babe  to  the  care  of  Matilde,  wife  of  sir 
Bruin.  As  Matilde  had  no  child  of  her 
own,  she  adopted  it  (canto  4). — Spensir, 
Facrij  Queen,  vi.  (1596). 

***  Upton  says,  "the  child"  in  this 
incident  is  meant  for  M'Mahon,  of  Ire- 
land, and  that  "  Mac  Mahon"  means  the 
"son  of  a  bear."     He  furthermore  saw 


CALES. 

that  the  M'Mahonswere  descended  from 
tlie  KiU-Ursulad,  a  noble  English  family. 

Ca'les  (2  syt-)-  So  gipsies  call  them- 
selves. 

Ik- 1  trail  Cruzmln.  co.mt  of  the  Calea. 

Longfellow.  T)u  gpamltk  StiuUnt. 

Calf-skin.  Fools  and  jesters  nsed  to 
wear  a  calf-skin  coal  bnttoned  down  the 

hack,  ami  hence  Faulconbridge  8*78  inso- 
lently to  the  arch-duke  of  Austria,  who 
had  acted  yery  basely  towards  Richard 
Lion-heart : 

Thou  wear  a  lion's  hide!  doff  It  for  shame. 
And  liann  a  calf-akin  on  those  "f ' *1  Innhs. 

bhukus|>earc.  Kin j  John,  act  ill.  B.  1  (1S1MJ). 

Cal'ianax,  a  lnnnorous  old  lord, 
father  of  Aspatia  the  troth-plight  wife  of 

Aiiun'tor.     it  is  the  death   of  Aspatia 
Which  f,rivcs  name  to  the  drama. — I'.oau- 
mont  and    Fletcher,    The   Maud  J, 
(1610). 

Cal'iban,  a  savage,  deformed  slave 
of  Prospero  (the  rightful  dnke  of  Milan 
and  father  of  Miranda).  Caliban  is  the 
"  freckled  whelp  "  of  the  witch  Sj  c'orax. 
Mrs.  Shelley's  "  Frankenstein  "  is  a  Borl 
of  Caliban. — Shakespeare,  ZTis  Tempest 
(1609). 

"Caliban*  .  .  .  I>  all  earth  .  .  .  hi  lias  thu  dawnlnga 
of  understand  ink' w-itliout  rc-ison  or  tl.<-  monl  Ml 
Mib  adrana  totbalntal  irlthout  the  moral 

MUM  U  marked  by  Uie  appearance  ol  iitr.-l  olartdM). 

Cal'lbum,  same  as  Excalibar,  the 
famous  sword  of  king  Arthur. 

Onward  Arthur  pao  i,  with  ii  oil 

On  Callhuni  s  reMall. 
Sir  W.  Beott,  III  Miif  nl  ;>-,.  riojin  I1S13). 

Arthur  .  .  .  drew  out  hi*  Omifbum,   ami  .  .  .  rnahed 
forward  with  fcrcai  fur)  into  |bi  thicket  of  tli. 
ranks  .  .   .   DOT  .lid  be  civ.-  oval  the  for*  of  In-    , 
urn,   killed  470  men.-  I 
.  lliltury,  Ii.  4  (11411, 

Cal'idore  [Sir),  the  type  of  courtesy, 

ami  the  hero  of  the  sixth  book  of  Spenst  r's 

The  model  of  this  character 

-ir    Philip     Sydney.      Sir    (alidore 

.   starts  in  quest  ol  the  Blatant  Beast. 
which    had    escaped    from    sir 

(lik.  v.    12).      lie    first  Compels    the   lady 

Bria'na  to  discontinue  her  discourteous 
toll  of  "  the  locks  of  Ladies  and  the  beards 
oi  knights"  icant..  l  j.  SirCalidore  falls  in 
La,  a  shepherdess,  dresses 
like  a  shepherd,  and  assists  his  lady-love 

ping  she<  p.       I'aM.-i.  Lis  I  ■  ■:..'  taken 

ads,  >ir  <  lalidore  n 

her,  and  lea 

DC  taken  cure  of,  while  he  .-...-*  m  quOSl  of 

tlie  Blatant  Beast.     He  finds  the  n 
aflat  a  time,  bj   the  havoc  it  had  made 
with  religious  houses,  and  after  an 
n»te  fight  succeeds  in  muzsling  it.  and 


151  CALIMA. 


dragging  it  in  chains  after  hi 

a-  it  Hoi  bd  12)*— 

-  i 

Kir  Gawalu  was  Uio  "CaJIdore'of  the  Hound  Tahla — 

%*  "  u  tlsingham 

(daughter  of  sir  I  ram  is  I,  whom  -ir  1'lnlip 
Sydney  married.     After 
Philip  she  married  the  earl  of  Essex.    The 
"Blatant    Beast"  ii  what  we  now  call 
"  .M  i  -.  Grundy. n 

Calig'orant,  an  Egyptian  pant  and 
cannibal,  who  rued  to  entrap  trav< 

with   an  invisible  net.     It  was   thl 
same  net  lliat  Vulcan  made  to  catch  Man 
and    Venus    with.     Mercury   stole   it    for 
thepurposeof  entrappio  ad  left 

it  in  the  temple  of  Ann'' 

stolen  by  Csligorant.    One  da]  A  I 
by  a  blast  of  his  magic  horn.  s..  frig 
the  giant  that  he  got  entangh  i  in  E 
net,  and  being  made  caj I  h  ■  •■■ 
of  it. — Ariosto,  Oriand 

Cali'no,  a  famous    French  uttercr  cf 

balls. 

Caliph  means  "vicar"  i 
ti\e  oi  Hahomt :.    S  i  alipha 

•;ity  of 
sultan    is    superior    to    that    of    caliph, 
although  many  sultans  called  the:; 
cali|. lis.       '1  hat     ;■  icfa     m     our 

version  of  the   Now  Testament 
dered  "Archelaus  reigned  in  his  i 
i  u  .  m  the  place  of  Herod),  is  ta 
in  the  Syriac  version  ('.   n  ij  i    ft 
that  is,  "Archelaus  was  Herod's  caliph " 
or  vicar.     Similarly,  the  pope  calls  him- 
self "St  Peter's  \  icar, 
of  Honour,  v.  69  9  (16"i 

Calip'olis,  in 

a  drama    I .;.    I 

'  I  Quickly : 

■  d  an. I  ba  fat  n-sjxawa, 

1  //cry  IT.  act  Ii.  ac.  4  U&*». 

Cal'is  t  / 
torax  king  oi 
dore,   brother  of   gen<  i       v  n,   but 

S  phax.     I'.- 
Met.:.  L7). 

Calis'ta,    the    tierce    and     haughty 
daughl   r  of   8 
>  •■  DoLlemai  , 

seduction  i  I 
rnarn  Al'tamont,  a  young  lord  wh 

her  dearly,      t  >n  U 

kul   up  which  proved  her  guilt, 
and   si  .  :l    by  Alta- 

mont  cm  i  rsing  «  ith   I 
ensued, 


CALISTO  AND  ARCAS. 


152 


CALUMET  OF  PEACE. 


row  Sciolto  received  liis  death-wound, 
and  Ca  1  herself.     'Hie  charac- 

ter of   "<;ili-ta  the  parts  of 

Mr-.  Bi A  Uh  .  ind  also  of  Him  Brunton, 
--N.  Bowe,  the 

Rlchnr  !  "»  purity  and  aanrtlly  to  the  tut- 

rowiofli-  '■'  "  itnnm— rably 

behind.—  K.  Chamber*.  Staffla*  I il.r-Uure.  I.  SUO. 

Twelve  >ear«  after  Korria'i  death.  Mn.  Barry  wai  acting 

tliecliaraclerof  "CalUta."   In  the  fcut  act.  where  "  Cali»ta 

b  md  u|«n  a  akull.  ah*  |J/n.  Harry]  wa«  auddenly 

ritta   ■  ihuddartn*,  and   fainted.     Hot  day  aha 

n  obtained,  and  mi  told 

Ibt  -k  ill  ..f  Mr.  Mania  »>  actor/'    r 

arrji  her  (  and  M  great  was  Uie  auock  that 

I  within  ill  wecka.— Oxberry. 

Calis'to  and  Ar'caa.     Calisto,  nn 

Arcadian  nymph.  I 

bear.     Her  apposing  the  ben 

to  in-  an  ordinary  '  bout  to  shoot 

it,  when  Jupiter  metamorphosed  him  ii«*<> 
ahe-beer.  Both  were  taken  to  hearen  by 
Jupiter,   and   bet  llsHons 

Ursit  Minor  and  I 

Call'aghan  O'BraH'aKhan  (Sir), 
"a    wild    Irish    s.'lilnr    in    I 

army.    Hii  military  humoor  maki 

■  only  bora  in 
that  Bellona  bad  ben  his  nuree,  Mars  In* 
schoolmaster,  and  the  Furies  his  play- 
fellows "  (act  i.  1 ).     He  is  I 
suitor  of  Charlotte  Goodchild.     I 
lin,  /  dt  { 177'.»). 

In  tlw  recorda  of  the  itage.  no  actor  ever  approached 
Jock  Jului  torn    in  Iruh  cliarmctert : 

::ia*han."    "n 
"Teague,"  "Tully"|the    lrt.h    gardener),  and 

in  umI  ei.jul.Ue 
eoloura.— Aei#  iiuntHI*  Ma^utnt  ilfrjrl. 

•m*  "  Lui 
(Sherii  ijoi  •  rFlahi 

aberland)  ;     •  1 1 
in    The   CommitUt 
Brulgruddery,"  in  John  Hull  (Colman). 

Callot,   a  fill*  Brantdma 

■  ■  cap,"  bence  the 
BV  n 
Jonson.  in  his  hi 

unng  the  callet,  the  politic  hood.*1 

la  U  cain|«gne  i'a|pelUnt  e-in*. 
i"  la"cale"qui  leur  an  ira.— Fran- 

fa  a*  tele  avolt  un  grot  bonnet  blane,  qui  I'on  appella 
n  autre*  a|>|- 

.    ...ul>-  leiikenlun. 
..i  U't  Ixiints  lUuttrt*. 

A  betat  ir  In  hi.  drink 

Mapoara.  Ulkttlo.  act  It.  ac  1  (1611). 

Callim'achua  (The Ration),  Filippo 
Buoi 

Callir'rhoe  (4  si//.),  the  Lady-1 

■  tititlt-d 
tiui  Ctillirrhut,  by 
Chariton  (eighth  century)* 


Callis'thenes  (4  s '//.).  a  philosopher 
who  accompanied  Alexander  the  Ureal  on 
his  Oriental  expedition.  Me  refused  to 
pay  Alexander  divine  honours,  for  which 
he   wa-  of   treason,    and    being 

mutilated,  was  chained  in  a  ca^f  fur 
seven  months  like  a  wild  beast.  I.ysi- 
machus  put  an  end  to  his  tortures  by 
poison. 

In  Macedonian  rays, 
I  -  CalluthelM*.  be  caged  f  r  life. 
Hat!.  haWau  of  Uie  Kaat, 

N.  Lea.  AlatruUr  1K4  Urtat,  iv    1  (1*781. 

Cal'mar.  itha,  lead    >f  I-ara 

(in  Coonaught).     He  I  i 

presumptnoua,  rash,  and  ovsshoaring,  hut 

ptllant  and  g 

of   the   temperate   ('<>nnal,    who    ■ 
caution  and  I  narhiirriea 

Cuthullia    into     action,     which    ends    in 
Connal   comforts  tlie  general  in 
his  distress. — Oai  ,  i. 

Cal'pe   ('-'  :  ihar.     'Hie  twe 

pillars  oi  11  \b'yla. 

8b«  bar  tbaodariac  nary  lea.li 
ToCaJpa. 

AkaruSda.  Bfmn  to  tin  .fai-uU. 

Cal'thon,  brother  of 
Rathmor  chief  of  Clutha  (the  C  ,■'■■  I.     I  lit 

■  ■  d  in  his  halls  by  1'un- 
thalmo  lor.!  I),  and 

- 
murderer  in  his  own  house,  and  a 
.   him  in  his  war- 

•  .  I 

in  their  looks  a  soi 

•    ii  up  in  two 
of  the 
:.     Colinal,  daughter  of  Ounthalmo, 
■      • 

■..  and  Bed  with  him  to  Motrin,  to 

ml    in    U  half    of    the    c.iptr.  ■ 

mar.     Accordingly,  K. 

•   his  liU-ra- 
tion.      When   Dunthalmo  heard  of    the 

approach  of  this  army,  he  put  Colsaai  t<. 

death.   *  !althon,  monrning  for  his  brother, 

.  bound   to  an   oak  ;  but 

■  Dsmthalmo,  < -ut 
the th  ■  ■  gave  him 

mal,  and  they  lived  happily  in  tlie  halls 

Calumet  of  Pear  ffrl  af 

this  pipe  is  made  of  a  soft  r<  d 

hollow  i  af   cam    OS 

liu'ht   wood,  glinted   with   divers   eoloSBBj 
and   decorated   with   the    heads,  tails,  ami 
feathers   of    birds.      When    loiliai- 
into  an   allr;  •  mn    en^^;emeni, 

they  smoke  the  calarut  I  When 

war  is   the  subject,  the  whs4t  pipe  and 


CALYDON. 


163 


CAMBALLO. 


all  its  ornaments  are  deep  red. — Major 
Rogers,  Account  of  North  America.  (See 
Red  Pipe.) 

A-caluinetiny,  a-courting.  In  the  day- 
time any  act  of  gallantry  would  be 
deemed  indecorous  by  the  American 
Indians ;  but  after  sunset,  the  young 
lover  goes  a-calumeting.  He,  in  fact, 
lights  his  pipe,  and  entering  the  cabin  of 
his  well-beloved,  presents  it  to  her.  If 
the  lady  extinguishes  it,  she  accepts  his 
addresses;  but  if  she  suffers  it  to  burn  on, 
she  rejects  them,  and  the  gentleman 
retires. — Ashe,  Travels. 

Cal'ydon  (Prince  of),  Melea'ger,  famed 
for  killing  the  Calydonian  boar. — Apollod. 
i.  8.     (See  Meleagek.) 

As  did  the  fatal  brand  Althrea  burn'd. 
Unto  the  prince's  heart  of  Calydon. 
Shakespeare,  2  Henry  VI.  act  i.  sc.  1  (1591). 

Cal'ydon,  a  town  of  TEto'lia,  founded 
by  Calydon.  In  Arthurian  romance 
Calydon  is  a  forest  in  the  north  of  our 
island.  Probably  it  is  what  Richard  of 
Cirencester  calls  the  "Caledonian  Wood," 
westward  of  the  Varar  or  Murray  Frith. 

Calydo'nian  Hunt.  Artemis,  to 
punish  (Eneus  [E'.nuce~\  king  of  Cal'ydon, 
in  /Eto'lia,  for  neglect,  sent  a  monster 
boar  to  ravage  his  vineyards.  His  son 
Melea'ger  collected  together  a  large 
company  to  hunt  it.  The  boar  being 
killed,  a  dispute  arose  respecting  the 
head,  and  this  led  to  a  war  between  the 
Curetes  and  Calydo'nians. 

A  similar  tale  is  told  of  Theseus  (2  syl.), 
who  vanquished  and  killed  the  gigantic 
sow  which  ravaged  the  territory  of 
Krommyon,  near  Corinth.  (See  Krom- 
myoxian  Sow.) 

Calyp'so,  in  Te'le'maque,  a  prose-epic 
by  Fe'nelon,  is  meant  for  Mde.  de  Mon- 
tespan.  In  mythology  she  was  queen  of 
the  island  Ogyg'ia,  on  which  Ulysses 
was  wrecked,  and  where  he  was  detained 
for  seven  years. 

Cali/pso's  Isle,  Ogygia,  a  mythical 
Island  "  in  the  navel  of  the  sea."  Some 
consider  it  to  be  Gozo,  near  Malta. 
Ogygia  (not  the  island)  is  Bceo'tia,  in 
Greece. 

Cama'eho,  "richest of  men,"  makes 
grand  preparations  for  his  wedding  with 
Quite'ria,  "fairest  of  women,"  but  as  the 
bridal  party  are  on  their  way,  Basil'iua 
cheats  him  of  his  bride,  by  pretending 
to  kill  himself.  As  it  is  supposed  that 
Basilius  is  dying,  Quiteria  is  married  to 
bim  ns  a  mere  matter  of  form,  to  soothe 


his  last  moments;  but  when  the  service  if 
over,  up  jumps  Basilius,  and  shows  that 
his  "mortal  wounds"  are  a  mere 
pretence. — Cervantes,  an  episode  in  Don 
Quixote,  II.  ii.  4  (1615). 

Camalodu'num,  Colchester. 

Girt  by  half  the  tribes  of  Britain,  near  the  colony  Canm- 
lodlne. 

Tennyson,  DoadUca. 

Caman'ches  (3  syl.)  or  Coman'- 
Ches,  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  Texai 
(United  States). 

It  is  a  caravan,   whitening  the  desert  where  dwell   tfct 
Camanches. 

Longfellow,  To  the  Driving  Cloud. 

Camaral'zamari,  prince  of  "  the 
Island  of  the  Children  of  Khal'edan, 
situate  in  the  open  sea,  some  twenty  days' 
sail  from  the  coast  of  Persia."  He  was 
the  only  child  of  Schah'zaman  and 
Fatima,  king  and  queen  of  the  island. 
He  was  very  averse  to  marriage  ;  but  one 
night,  by  fairy  influence,  being  shown 
Badou'ra,  only  child  of  the  king  of 
China,  he  fell  in  love  with  her  and 
exchanged  rings.  Next  day  both  in- 
quired what  had  become  of  the  other,  and 
the  question  was  deemed  so  ridiculous 
that  each  was  thought  to  be  mad.  At 
length  Marzavan  (foster-brother  of  the 
princess)  solved  the  mystery.  He 
induced  the  prince  Camaralzaman  to  go 
to  China,  where  he  was  recognized  by  the 
princess  and  married  her.  (The  name 
means  "the  moon  of  the  period. ")— Arabian 
Niyhts  ("Camaralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Cam'ballo,  the  second  son  of  Cam- 
buscan'  king  of  Tartary,  brother  of 
Al'garsife  (3  syl.)  and  Can'ace  (3  syl.). 
He  fought  with  two  knights  who  asked 
the  lady  Canaco  to  wife,  the  terms  being 
that  none  should  have  her  till  he  had 
succeeded  in  worsting  Camballo  in 
combat.  Chaucer  does  not  give  us  the 
sequel  of  this  tale,  but  Spenser  says  that 
three  brothers,  named  Priamond,  Dia- 
mond,  and  Triamond  were  suiters,  and 
that  Triamond  won  her.  The  mother  of 
these  three  (all  born  at  one  birth)  was 
Ag'apS,  who  dwelt  in  Faerv-land  (bk. 
iv.  2). 

Spenser  makes  Cambi'na  (daughter  of 
Agape)  the  lady-love  of  Camballo. 
Camballo  is  also  called  Camballus  and 
Cambel. 

Camballo' s  Ring,  given  him  by  ni» 
sister  Canaci},  "  had  power  to  stanch  aU 
wounds  that  mortally  did  bleed." 

Well  moto  ye  wonder  how  that  noble  knight. 
After  he  had  so  often  wounded  l>een. 

Could  stand  on  foot  now  to  renew  the  fljlit      .   . 


CAMPALU. 


154 


CAMPUSCAN. 


All  WSU  thro'  virtue  of  the  rin«  he  wore  ; 

The  which  not  only  'lid  not  from  him  let 
One  drop  of  Mood  to  fall,  but  did  restore 

His  weakened  powers,  and  his  dulled  spirits  whet. 
BpenaST,  Faery  l^ueen,  iv.  2  (1596). 

Cam'balu,  the  royal  residence  of  the 
cham  of  Cathay  (a  province  of  Tartary). 
Milt<m  speaks  of  "  Cambalu,  seat  of 
Oathavan  Can." — Paradise  Lost,  xi.  388 

Cam'baluc,  spoken  of  by  Marco  Polo, 
is  Pekin. 

Cambel,  called  by  Chaucer  Cam'- 
ballo,  brother  of  Can'ace  (3  s\jl.).  He 
challenged  every  suitor  to  his  sister's 
hand,  and  overthrew  them  all  except 
Tri'amond.  The  match  between  Cambel 
and  Triamond  was  so  evenly  balanced, 
tli.it  both  would  have  been  killed  had  not 
Cambi'na  interfered.  (See  next  art.) — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iv.  3  (1596). 

Cambi'na,  daughter  of  the  fairy 
Ag'ape  (3  si/l.).  She  had  been  trained 
in  magic  by  her  mother,  and  when 
Camtmllo,  son  of  Gambnscaa'i  had  »lain 

two  of  her  brothers  and  was  engaged  in 
deadly    combat    with    the    third     (named 

Tri'amond),  she  appeared  in  the  lists  in 

her  chariot  drawn  by  two  lions,  and 
brought  with  her  a  cup  of  nepenthfi, 
which  had  the  power  of  converting  hate 
to  love,  of  producing  oblivion  of  sorrow, 
and  of  inspiring  the  mind  with  celestial  joy. 
Cambina  touched  the  combatants  with 
her  wand  and  paralyzed  them,  ther.  giving 
them  the  cup  to  drink,  dissolved  their 
animosity,  assuaged  their  pains,  and 
filled  them  with  gladness.  The  end  was 
that  Camballo  made  Cambina  his  wife, 
and  Triamond  married  Can'acfi. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iv.  :>  (1596). 

Cam'bria,     Wales.       According     to 
!.  it  is  so  called  from  Camber,  the  son 

of  Brute.    This  legendary  kinu'  divided 

his  dominions  at  death  between  his  three 
Sons  :    Locriu  had  the  southern  part,  hence 

called  Loegria  {England);  (amber  the 
west  i  '•'  ad  Albanact  the  north, 

called  Albania  (Scotland). 

From  Cambria's  curse,  from  C:inihrla>  tears. 

i.r.i).  I  V/w >d  (1757V. 

Cam'brian,  Welsh,  pertaining  to 
Cambria  or  Wales. 

Cambridge  University,  said   to 

have  been   founded    by  Sel.ert    or   Segbcrt 

aing  of  Essex,  the  reputed  founder  of 
St.  Peter's,  Westminster  (604). 

Wise  Segbcrt.  worth)'  praise,  preparing  us  the  seat 
Of  famous  Quntsridga  first,  thru  with  endowment  great. 
The  Muses  to  n  tan  thtthi  r  brought 

Drayton,  PolyolHon,  »i  11813). 


Cambridge  Boat  Crew,  light 
blue,  the  Oxford  being  dirk  bine. 
Guns,  light  blue  and  black  ;  Catherine's, 
blue  and  white;  Christ's,  common  blue; 
Clare,  black  and  golden  yellow  ;  Curyus, 
cherry  and  white ;  Downing,  chocolate ;  Em- 
mum,  I,  cherry  and  dark  blue;  Jesus,  red 
and  black  ;  John's,  bright  red  and  white  ; 
Kin/'s,  violet ;  Magdelen,  indigo  and  laven- 
der: Pembroke,  claret  and  French  grey; 
Peterhotue,  dark  blue  and  whil 
preen  and  white  ;  Sydney,  reel  and  blue  j 
Trinity,  dark  blue  ;  Trinity  Hall,  black 
and  white. 

Cambridge    on    the    Charles, 

contains     Harvard     University,    founded 
1686  at  Cambridge  on  the  river  Charles 
and    endowed   in    1G39 
by  the  Rev.  John  Harvard. 

A  *        !-<ian  from  the  school 

Of  Cambridge  on  the  fhsrtas.  was  there. 

Luii^irliuw.  Iht  \\  uyiid*  Inn  (prelude). 

Cambuscan',  king  of  Sarra,  in  the 
land  of  Tartan  ;  the  model  of  all  royal 
virtues.  His  wife,  was  1.1'tVta;  his  two  sons 
Al'garsife  (3sy/.)  and  Cam'ballo;  and  his 
daughter Can'ace (8 syl.).  Chaucer s 

•  syllable,  but  Milton  erroneously 
throws  the  accent  on  the  mUdle  syllable. 
Thus  Chaucer  says  : 

And  so  beMl  that  when  this  Cambuscan'  .  .  • 

And  again  : 

This  Cimibuscaa',  of  which  I  ha>c  fssj  ' 

■  l  Tats. 

Put  Milton,  in  II  J'enseroso,  says: 

Him  Sriw  lift  half  told 

The  story  of  Cainbiu  can  bold. 

The  accent  might  be  preserved  by  a 
slight  change,  thus  : 

Him  «rbo  lafl  of. .1.1 

The  tale  of  (am  bus  an'  half  told. 

Cambuscan  had  three  presents  sent  him 
by  the  king  of  Araby  and  Ind:  (1) 
a  horse  of  brass,  which  would  within  a 

single  day  transport    its  rider  to  the  most 

distant  region  ol  the  world;  (8)  a  tren- 
chant sword,  which  would  cut  through  the 
stoutest  armour,  and  heal  a  sword-wound 
by  simply  striking  it  with  the  tint  of  the 
blade;  i.!)  a  mirror,  which  would  r 
conspiracies,  tell  who  were  faithful  and 
loyal,  anil  in  whom  trust  ought  be 
confided.  He  also  sent  Cambuacan's 
daughter  Canaec  a  rine;  that  she  might 
know  the  virtues  of  all  plants,  and  by 
aid  of  which  she  would  be  able  to  under- 
stand the  Language  of  birds,  and  even  te 
converse  with  them. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Squire's  Talc,"  . 


CAMBYSES. 


155 


CAMLAN. 


Camby'ses  (3  syl.),  a  pompous, 
ranting  character  in  Preston's  tragedy  of 
that  name. 

I  must  speak  in  passion,  and  I  will  do  It  in  king  Cam- 
bytes'  vein. — Shakespeare,  1  llenry  IF.  act  ii.sc.-l  (15SJ7). 

Camby'ses  and  Smerdis.  Cam- 
byses  king  of  Persia  killed  his  brother 
Smerdis  from  the  wild  suspicion  of  a 
mad  man,  and  it  is  only  charity  to  think 
that  he  was  really  non  compos  mentis. 

Behold  Cambisms  and  his  fatal  daye  .  .  . 
While  he  tils  brother  Mergus  cast  to  sLiye, 
A  dreadful  thing,  his  wittes  were  him  bereft. 

T.  Sackville,  A  ilirrour  for  Mmjittraytet 
("TheConiplaytit,"  1587). 

Camdeo,  the  god  of  love  in  Hindu 
mythology. 

Camel.  The  pelican  is  called  the 
11  river  camel,"  in  French  chameau  oVeau, 
and  in  Arabic  jimmel  el  bahar. 

We  saw  abundance  of  camels  [i.e.  pelicans],  but  they 
Aid  net  come  near  enough  for  us  to  shoot  them. — Norden, 
Voyage. 

Cameliard  (3  syl.),  the  realm  of 
Leod'ogran  or  Leod'ogrance,  father  of 
Guin'evere  (3  syl.)  wife  of  king  Arthur. 

Leodogran,  the  king  of  Cameliard 

Had  one  fair  daughter  and  none  other  child  .  .  . 

Guinevere,  and  in  her  his  one  delight. 

Tennyson,  Coming  of  Arthur. 

Cam'elot  (3  syl.).  There  are  two 
places  so  called.  The  place  referred  to  in 
King  Lear  is  in  Cornwall,  but  that  of 
Arthurian  renown  was  in  Winchester.  In 
regard  to  the  first  Kent  says  to  Cornwall, 
"Goose,  if  I  had  you  upon  Sarum  Plain 
I'd  drive  ye  cackling  home  to  Camelot," 
i.e.  to  Tintag'il  orCamelford,  the  "home" 
of  the  duke  of  Cornwall.  Put  the  Game- 
lot  of  Arthur  was  in  Winchester,  where 
visitors  are  still  shown  certain  large  en- 
trenchments once  pertaining  to  "  king 
Arthur's  palace." 

Sir  Iialin's  sword  was  put  Into  marble  stone,  standing  It 
Upright  u  a  great  millstone,  and  it  swam  down  the  Stream 
to  the  city  of  Camelot,  that  is.  In  English,  Winchester. — 
Sir  T.  Malory,  Uislory  of  Prince  A  rthur,  L  44  11470). 

%*  In  some  places,  even  in  Arthurian 
romance,  Camelot  seems  the  city  on  the 
Camel,  in  Cornwall.  Thus,  when  sir 
Tristram  left  TintagU  to  go  to  Ireland,  a 
tempest  "drove  him  back  to  Camelot" 
(pt.  ii.  19). 

Camilla,    the    virgin    queen    of    the 
Volscians,    famous    for    her   tleetness   of 
foot.     She  aided  Turnus  againat  /Eneas. 
Not  so  when  swift  Camilla  scours  the  plain, 
files  o'er  fcb'  nnlwndiug  corn,  or  skims  along  the  main. 

Pope. 

Camilla,  wife  of  Ansclmo  of  Florence. 
Anselmo,  in  order  to  rejoice  in  her  incor- 
ruptible fidelity,    induced  his   friend  Lo- 


thario to  try  to  corrupt  her.  This  he  did, 
and  Camilla  was  not  trial-proof,  but  fell. 
Anselmo  for  a  time  was  kept  in  the  dark, 
but  at  the  end  Camilla  eloped  with  Lo- 
thario. Anselmo  died  of  grief,  Lothario 
was  slain  in  battle,  and  Camilla  died  in  a 
convent. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv. 
5,  6  ("  Fatal  Curiosity,"  1605). 

Camille'  (2  syl.),  in  Comeille's  tragedy 
of  Les  Horaces  (1639).  When  her  brother 
meets  her  and  bids  her  congratulate  him 
for  his  victory  over  the  three  curiatii,  she 
gives  utterance  to  her  grief  for  the  death  of 
her  lover.  Horace  says,  "What !  can  yen 
prefer  a  man  to  the  interests  of  Rome?" 
Whereupon  Camille  denounces  Rome,  ami 
concludes  with  these  words :  "  Oh  that 
it  were  my  lot !  "  When  Mdlle.  Rachel 
first  appeared  in  the  character  of  "  Ca- 
mille," she  took  Paris  by  storm  (1838). 

Voir  le  dernier  Romain  a  son  dernier  soupir, 
Moi  seule  en  etre  cause,  et  mourir  de  plaisir. 

*#*  Whitehead  has  dramatized  the  sub- 
ject and  called  it  The  Soman  Father 
(1741). 

Camillo,  a  lord  in  the  Sicilian  court, 
and  a  very  good  man.  Being  commanded 
by  king  Leontes  to  poison  PolixenSs, 
instead  of  doing  so  he  gave  him  warning, 
and  fled  with  him  to  Bohemia.  When 
Pelixenes  ordered  his  son  Florlzel  to 
abandon  Perdita,  Camillo  persuaded  the 
young  lovers  to  seek  refuge  in  Sicily, 
and  induced  Leontes,  the  king  thereof, 
to  protect  them.  As  soon  as  Polixcn.'s 
discovered  that  Perdita  was  LeontSs' 
daughter,  he  readily  consented  to  the  union 
which  before  he  had  forbidden. — Shake- 
speare, The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Cami'ola,  "  the  maid  of  honour,"  a 
lady  of  great  wealth,  noble  spirit,  and 
great  beauty.  She  loved  Bertoldo 
(brother  of  Roberto  king  od  the  tv. 
lies),  and  when  Bertoldo  was  taken 
prisoner  at  Sienna,  paid  his  ransom. 
Bertoldo  before  his  release  was  taken 
before  Aurelia,  the  duchess  of  Sienna. 
Aurelia  fell  in  love  with  him,  and  pro- 
posed marriage,  an  offer  which  Bertoldo 
accepted.  The  betrothed  then  went  to 
Palermo  to  be  introduced  to  the  king, 
when  CamiOla  exposed  the  conduct  of  the 
base  young  prince.  Roberto  ms 
gusted  at  his  brother,  Aurelia  re 
him  with  scorn,  and  Camiola  retired  to 
a  Dunner] .  Massinger,  The  Alaui  oj 
Si  now  (lii.17). 

Camlan  (in  Cornwall),  now  the  rivet 
Alau  or  Camel,  a  contraction  of  Cam-alar 


CAMLOTTE. 


156 


CANDAYA. 


("the  crooked  river"),  so  called  from  its 
continuous  windings.  Here  Arthur  re- 
ceived his  death-wound  from  the  hand  of 
hi3  nephew  Mordred  or  Modred,  a.d.  542. 

Camel  .  .  . 

Frantic  ever  since  her  British  Arthur's  blood. 

By    Mordred's  murtherous  hand,  was  mingled  with  her 

flood. 
For  as  that  river  best  might  boast  that  conqueror's  breath 

[birth-l 
So  sadly  she  bemoans  his  too  untimely  death. 

M.  Drayton,  Polyolbion.  L  (1612). 

Cam'lotte  (2  syl.),  shoddy,  fustian, 
rubbish,  as  Cest  de  la  camlotte  ce  qui  vous 
dites-ta. 

Cam'omile  (3  syl.),  says  Falstaff, 
M  the  more  it  is  trodden  on  the  faster  it 
grows." — Shakespeare,  1  Henry  IV.  actii. 
BC.4  (1597). 

Though  the  camemile,  the  more  it  is  trodden  and  pressed 
downe,  the  more  it  spreadeth  ;  yet  the  viol*t,  the  oftener 
It  is  handled  and  touched,  the  sooner  it  withereth  and 
decayeth. — Lilly,  Euphue$. 

Campa'nia,  the  plain  country  about 
Cap'ua,  the  terra  di  Lavo'ro  of  Italy. 

Campas'pe  (3  syl.),  mistress  of  Alex- 
ander. He  gave  her  up  to  Apclles,  who 
had  fallen  in  love  with  her  while  painting 
her  likeness. — Pliny,  Hist.  xxxv.  10. 

John  Lyly  produced,  in  1583,  a  drama 
entitled  Cupid  and  Campaspe,  in  which  is 
the  well-known  lyric : 

Cupid  and  my  CampaspC  played 
At  cards  for  kisses ;  Cupid  paid. 

Campbell  (Captain),  called  "Green 
Colin  Campbell,"  or  Bar'caldine  (3  syl.). 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Highland  Widow 
(time,  George  II.). 

Camjibcll  (General),  called  "Black 
Colin  Campbell,"  in  the  king's  service. 
He  suffers  the  papist  conspirators  to 
depart  unpunished. — Sir  W.  Scott,  licd- 
(jauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Campbell  (Sir  Duncan),  knight  of  Ar- 
denvohr,  in  the  marquis  of  Argyll's 
army.  He  was  sent  as  ambassador  to 
the  earl  of  Montrose. 

Duly  Mary  Campbell,  sir  Duncan's 
wife. 

Sir  Duncan  Campbell  of  Auchenbreck, 
an  officer  in  the  army  of  the  marquis  of 
Argyll. 

Murdoch  Campbell,  a  name  assumed  by 
the  marquis  of  Argyll.  Disguised  as  a 
servant,  he  visited  Dalgetty  and  M'Eagh 
in  the  dungeon,  but  the  prisoners  over- 
mastered him,  bound  him  fast,  locked 
him  in  the  dungeon,  and  escaped. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Deyend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 


Campbell  ( The  lady  Mary),  daughter  of 
the  duke  of  Argyll. 

The  lady  Caroline  Campbell,  sister  of 
lady  Man-. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Campeador  [Kam.pay'.dor],  the  Cut, 
who  was  called  Mio  Cid  el  Campeador 
("  my  lord  the  champion  ").  "  Cid  "  is  a 
corruption  of  said  ("  lord  "). 

Campo-Basso  (The  count  of),  an 
officer  in  the  duke  of  Burgundy's  army, 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  two 
novels,  Quentin  Durv:ard  and  Anne  of 
Geierstein,  both  laid  in  the  time  of 
Edward  IV. 

Can'a,  a  kind  of  grass  plentiful  in  the 
heathy  morasses  of  the  north. 

If  on  the  heath  she  moved,  her  breast  was  whiter  than 
the  down  of  etna  ,  if  on  the  sea-beat  shore,  than  the  loam 
of  the  rolling  ocean. — Ossian,  Catk-Loda,  ii. 

Can'ace  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Cam- 
buscan',  and  the  paragon  of  women. 
Chaucer  left  the  tale  half-told,  but 
Spenser  makes  a  crowd  of  suitors  woo 
her.  Her  brother  Cambel  or  Cam'ballo 
resolved  that  none  should  win  his  sister 
who  did  not  first  overthrow  him  in  fight. 
At  length  Tri'amond  sought  her  hand,  and 
was  so  nearly  matched  in  fight  with  Cam- 
ballo,  that  both  would  -have  been  killed, 
if  Cambi'na,  daughter  of  the  fairy  Ag'ape 
(3  syl.),  had  not  interfered.  Csmbina 
gave  the  wounded  combatants  nepenthe, 
which  had  the  power  of  converting  enmitv 
to  love ;  so  the  combatants  ceased  from 
fight,  Camballo  took  the  fair  Cambina  to 
wife,  and  Triamond  married  Canaiv. — 
Chaucer,  Spare's  Tale;  Spenser,  Tain/ 
Queen,  iv.  3  (1596). 

Canace's  Mirror,  a  mirror  which  told 
the  inspectors  if  the  persons  on  whom 
they  set  their  affections  would  prove  true 
or  false. 

Canace's  liiwj.  The  king  of  Araby  and 
Ind  sent  Canace,  daughter  of  Cambus- 
can'  (king  of  Sarra,  in  Tartary),  a  ring 
which  enabled  her  to  understand  the 
language  of  birds,  and  to  know  the 
medical  virtues  of  all  herbs. — Chaucer, 
Canterbury  'Tales  ("The  Squire's  Tale," 
1388). 

Candaules  (3  syl.),  king  of  Lydia, 
who  exposed  the  charms  of  his  wife  to 
Gy'ges.  The  queen  was  so  indignant 
that  she  employed  Gyges  to  murder  her 
husband.  She  then  married  the  assassin, 
who  became  king  of  Lydia,  and  reigned 
twenty-eight  years  (b.c.  716-688). 

Canday'a  ( The  kimjdom  of),   situate 


CANDID  FBIEND. 


157 


CANTON. 


between  the  great  Trapoba'na  and  the 
Smith  Sea,  a  couple  of  leagues  beyond 
cape  Com'orin. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 
II.  iii.  -I  (1616). 

Candid  Friend.  'Save  me,  oh, 
gave  nte,  from  a  candid  friend  ! "  (See 
Haiku.) 

Give  me  tb'  avowed,  the  erect,  Die  0|ien  foe.— 
Him  I  oil i  meet,  perhaps,  maj  tarn  bit  Mow; 
Bat  of  .ill  friends  that  Hearon  m  wrath  can  send. 
Save  inc.  oli,  save  lue,  (rum  a  candid  friend  ! 

Canning. 

Candide'  (2  ml.),  the  hero  of  Vol- 
taire's novel  of  the  same  name.  All 
conceivable  misfortunes  arc  piled  on  his 
bead,  bnt  he  bears  them  with  cynical 
indifference. 

Voltaire  says  "No."     He  tells  you  that  Candide 
Found  life  moat  tolerable  altar  meals. 

liyrou,  t>vr.  Juan,  v.  31  (1820). 

Candour  (Mrs.),  the  beau-ideal  of 
female  backbiters. — Sheridan,  The  School 
fur  Scandal  (1777). 

The  name  of  "Mrs.  Candour"  has  become  one  of  those 
formidable  by-wordi  r/blcb  bare  mora  power  In  potting 

folly  and  ill  nil  lire  OUtOl  Ban  whole  volumes 

uf  tlie  wisest  remonstrance  and  reaeuning.— T,  atoore. 

Since  the  days  of  Miss   rope.  It   may  lie  qui 
whether  "  atrt  Candour"  has ever  found  a  moreadmb'able 

representative  than  Mrs.  Stli ling.— ^rumufic  Jfemoin. 

Can'idia,  a  Neapolitan,   beloved   by 

the  poet  Horace.  When  she  deserted 
him,  lie  held  her  up  to  contempt  as  an  old 
sorceress  who  could  by  a  rhomb  onsphere 
the  moon. — Horace,  Epodes  v.  and  xvii. 

Such  a  charm  were  right 
Canldian. 
Mrs.  browning,  llrctor  in  the  Garden.  It. 

Canker  of  the  Brain,  mental  de- 
lusion. We  often  say  "a  person  is  full  of 
maggots,"  meaning  whims  and  fancies. 
'See  Maggots.) 

If  any  vision  should  reveal 

Ttq  likeness.  I  might  count  It  vain, 

As  hut  the  canker  of  the  brain. 

Tennyson,  In  i/Vmornim,  nil. 

OanmoreorGRKAT-HBAD.  Malcolm 
111.  or  Scotland  (•,  L067  1098).  Mr  W. 
Boots,  Tateaofa  Grandfather,  i.  4. 

Canning  ('<•  man  (1770- 

1827).    Charles  Lamb  calls  him  : 

Bt.  Stephen's  fool.  th< 

Sosmel  .  "  iu"." 

Cano'pos,   M  ilot,    killed 

in  the  return  i •"•  age  from    rroj   by  the 

i"  n.   serrx  ot.     1  he  town    CanOpos 

(Latin,    Ca  «      built  on   the  site 

Where  tlie  pilot  was  buried. 

Can'tab.a  member  of  the  University 
o«*  Cambridge.  The  word  is  ■  contraction 
of  the  La  iu  Can  a  rvfia. 


Canta'brian  Surge  (77*),  Bay  of 
Biscay. 

ring  navy  lewis 
i :ulr  J ...  or  the  rougn 
CautsbrUui  surge. 

AkiiuUde,  Hymn  to  las  Saiad*. 

Cantab'ric  Ocean,  the  sea  which 
washes  the  Bontfa  of  Ireland. — Richard  of 
Cirencester,  Ancient  State  of  Britain,  i.  8. 

Can'tacuzene'    M    s>jl.),    a    ooble 
Greek   family,  which  litis   furnished   t\\«, 
emperors  of  Constantinople,  and    ■ 
princes  of  Moldavia  and  Wallachia.    'I  he 

family  still  survives. 

We  mean  to  show  that  the  Cantacuienes  are  not  the 
only  prinoeQ  family  In  the  world. — D  Israeli.  Lotham. 

There  are  other  member!  of  the  Cantacuseiio  fainilr 
bosldea  myself.— Ditto. 

Can'ta  ituem '     [Mi  hael),    the     grand 

sewer  oi  Alexius  Comne'nus,  emperor  'f 
Greece.— Sir  W.   Scott,  I 
Pane  (time,  Kufus). 
Canterbury,  according  to  mythical 

story,  was  built  by  Uudhudibras. 

By  Iludbudibras  Kent's  f.uinu>  town  .  .  .  arcc. 

Drayton.  Folyoibion.  vlll  1161S-) 

Canterbury  Tales.  Eighteen  tales 
told  by  a  company  of  pilgrims  eoingto 
visit  the  shrine  of  "St.  Thorns  i-  ke*" 
at  Canterbury.  The  pai 
.it  the  Tabard,  an  inn  in  Southward ,  and 
there  agreed  to  tell  one  tale  each  both 
going  and  returning,  and  the  person  who 
told  the  best  tale  was  to  be  treated  by  the 
reel  to  a  supper  at  the  Tabard  on  the 
homeward  journey.  The  party  coi 
,,f  twenty-nine  pilgrims,  so  that  the 
whole  budget  of  tales  should  havt 
fifty-eight,  but  only  eighteen  of  the 
number  wen'  told,  pot  one  being  on  thu 
homeward  route.  The  chief  of  these  tal<  a 
are:    "TheKnighl 

.)  ;    ••  The  Man  of    ; 
Tale"  !       .);   "Th<    W 

I  ale"  (.1/."  i 

"The  Squire's  1 
.  .    incomplete)  ;  aklin'a 

■ 
. 

Priest'e  I  ; 

"TheS 

;      "I     ' 
Miller-    I 

;  Merchant's    Tale'' 

(January  on 

'  I 

Ogleby.     lb    has  to  skim  the  morning 

;ni.i  serve  out  the  cream  of  them 

i  lordship  at  breakfast,  "  a  i1  I 

emphasis    and    good    discretion.'1     He 

.  Matters 


CANTRIPS. 


158 


CAPTAIN. 


him  to  the  top  of  his  bent,  and  speaks 
of  him  as  a  mere  chicken  compared  to 
himself,  though  his  lordship  is  70  and 
Canton  about  50.  Lord  Ogleby  calls 
him  his  "  cephalic  snuff,  and  no  bad 
medicine  against  megrims,  vertigoes,  and 
profound  thinkings." — Colman  and  Gar- 
rick,  Tlie  Clandestine  Alarriaye  (176G). 

Can'trips  (Mrs.),  a  quondam  friend 
of  Nanfcy  Ewart,  the  smuggler-captain. 

Jessie  Cantrips,  her  daughter. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Hcdjauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Cant'well  (Dr.),  the  hypocrite,  the 
English  representative  of  Moliere's  "Tar- 
tutfe."  He  makes  religious  cant  the 
instrument  of  gain,  luxurious  living,  and 
sensual  indulgence.  His  overreaching 
iiml  dishonourable  conduct  towards  lady 
Lambert  and  her  daughter  gets  thoroughly 
exposed,  and  at  last  he  is  arrested  as  a 
Bwindler. — I.  Bickerstaff,  The  Hypocrite 
(l~iM). 

Dr.  Cantwell .  .  .  the  meek  and  saintly  hypocrite. 
L.  Hunt. 

Canute'  or  Cnut  and  Edmund 
Ironside.  William  of  Malmesbury 
says:  When  Cnut  and  Edmund  wen 
ready  for  their  sixth  battle  in  Gloucester- 
shire, it  was  arranged  between  them  to 
decide  their  respective  claims  by  single 
combat.  Cnut  was  a  small  man,  and 
Edmund  both  tall  and  strong;  so  Cnut 
said  to  his  adversary,  "We  both  lay 
claim  to  the  kingdom  in  right  of  our 
fathers;  let  us,  therefore,  divide  it  and 
make  peace  ;"  and  they  did  so. 

Canutu  of  the  two  that  furthest  was  from  hope  .  .  . 
Oil   ,  "Noble  Edmund,  hold  I      Let  us  the  land  divide." 
.  .  .  and  all  aloud  do  cry. 

•  Courageous  kings,  divide!  'Twere  pity  such  should  .lie." 
Drayton,  l'olyolbion,  xii.  ( ItiUi. 

Canute's  flird,  the  knot,  a  corruption  of 
•'  Knut,"  the  Cinclus  bellonii,  of  which  king 
Canute  was  extremely  fond. 

The  knot,  that  called  was  Canutus'  hird  of  old, 
Of  that  great  king  of  Danes,  his  name  that  stiU  doth  hold, 
UlsappeUte  topiease  .  .  .  from  Denmark  hither  brought. 
Drayton,  I'oiyolbion,  xxi.  (UBS). 

Can'ynge  {Sir  William),  is  re- 
presented in  the  lloxdcy  Romance  as  a 
rich,  God-fearing  merchant,  devoting 
much  money  to  the  Church,  and  much 
to  literature.  He  was,  in  fact,  a 
Maece'nas,  of  princely  hospitality,  living 
in  the  Red  House.  The  priest  Rowley 
was  his  "Horace.'' — Chattertou  (1752- 
1770). 

Ca'ora,  inhabited  by  men  "whose 
beads  do  grow  beneath  their  shoulders." 
(See  Bi-emmyks.) 

On  that  branch  which  i?  eaD&d  Cnnm  arp  rjrfe]  n  nation 
•f  people  whose  beades  appears  not  abort  their  shoulders. 


They  are  reported  to  have  their  eyes  in  their  shon 
and  their    mouthes    in    the  middle  of  their    breasts. -> 
Hackluyt,  Voyage  (15»S). 

(Raleigh,  in  his  Description  of  Guiana 
(1596),  also  gives  an  account  of  men 
whose  "  heads  dc  grow  beneath  theii 
shoulders.") 

Capability  Brown,  Launcelot 
Brown,  the  English  landscape  gardener 
(1715-1783). 

Cap'aneus  (3  syl.),  a  man  of  gigantic 
stature,  enormous  strength,  and  headlong 
valour.  He  was  impious  to  the  gods,  but 
faithful  to  his  friends.  Capaneus  was 
one  of  the  seven  heroes  who  marched 
against  Thebes  (1  syl.),  and  was  struck 
dead  by  a  thunderbolt  for  declaring  that 
not  Jupiter  himself  should  prevent  his 
scaling  the  city  walls. 

%*  The  "Mezentius"  of  Virgil  and 
' '  Argantc  "  of  Tasso  are  similar  characters ; 
but  the  Greek  Capaneus  exceeds  Mezen- 
tius in  physical  daring  and  Argante  in 
impiety. 

Cape  of  Storms,  now  called  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  It  was  Bartholomew 
Dias  who  called  it  Ctiho  Tor inentoso  (148$), 
and  king  Juan  II.  who  changed  the 
name. 

Capitan,  a  boastful,  swaggering 
coward,  in  several  French  farces  and 
comedies  prior  to  the  time  of  Moliere. 

Caponsac'chi  (Guiseppe),  the  young 
'•rifrit  under  whose  protection  Pompilia 
tied  from  her  husband  to  Rome.  The 
husband  and  his  friends  said  the  elope- 
ment was  criminal  ;  but  Pompilia,  Capou- 
sacchi,  and  their  friends  maintained  that 
the  young  canon  simply  acted  the  part  of 
a  chivalrous  protector  of  a  young  woman 
who  was  married  at  15,  and  who  fled  from 
a  brutal  husband  who  ill-treated  her. — 
R.  Browning,  The  liinj  and  the  Book. 

Capstern  (Captain),  captain  of  an 
East  Indiaman,  at  Madras. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Surgeon's  Daughter  (time, 
George  II.). 

Captain,  Manuel  Comne'nua  of 
Treb'izond  (1120,  1143-1180). 

Captain  of  Kent.  So  Jack  Cade  called 
himself  (died  1450). 

The  Great  Captain  (el  Gran  Capitano), 
Gonzalvodi  Cordova  (1453-1515). 

The  People's  Captain  (el  Capitano  del 
Popolo),  Guiseppe  Garibaldi  (1807-        ). 

Captain  (A  Copper),  a  poor  captain, 
whose  swans  are  all  geese,  his  jewellery 
paste,  his  guineas  counters,  his  achieves 


CAPTAIN. 


159 


CAKACTACUS. 


ments  tongue-doughtiness,  and  his  whole 
man  Brummagem. 

Td  this  nipper  captain  was  confided  the  command  of  th» 
troops.— W.  bring. 

Let  all  the  trorid  view  here  the  captain's  treasure  .  ■  . 
Hare*!  ■  ipodl]  towel . . . 

.  It  .sparkle*,  like  an  old  lady's  eyes.  .  .  . 
Anil  here's  t  chain  of  whitings'  eyes  for  pearls  .  .  . 
V..ur  clothe*  are  parallels  to  these,  all  counterfeits. 
Put  theea  and  (heiu  on,  you're  a  man  of  copper  ; 
A  Und  of  can  per.  copper  captain. 

Iteaumont  and  rlatcber,  A'ufe  a   It  ife  and 
Uavt  a  Wife  (1640). 

Captain  (A  led),  a  poor  obsequious 
captain,  who  i9  led  about  as  a  cavalier 
tenants  by  those  who  find  him  hospitality 
und  pay  nunky  for  him.  lie  is  not  the 
leader  of  others,  as  a  captain  ought  to  be, 
but  is  by  others  led. 

When  you  quarrel  with  the  family  of  Blandish,  you  only 
leave  refined  cookery  to  be  fed  u|mn  scraps  by  a  poor 
cousin  or  a  led  captain.— Burgoyne,  The  lleireu,  v.3',l7M). 

Captain  (The  Black),  lieutenant-colonel 
Dennis  Davidoff,  of  the  Russian  army. 
In  the  French  invasion  he  was  called  by 
the  French  Le  Capitame  Noir. 

Captain  Loys  [Lo.is],  Louise  Labc? 
was  so  called,  because  in  early  life  she 
embraced  the  profession  of  arms,  and 
gave  repeal  id  proofs  of  great  valour. 
She  was  also  called  La  Belle  Cordiire. 
Louise  Labe'  was  a  poetess,  and  has  left 
several  sonnets  full  of  passion,  and 
some  good  elegies  (152G-15GG). 

Captain  Right,  a  fictitious  com- 
mauder,  the  ideal  of  the  rights  due  to 
Ireland.  In  the  last  century  the  peasants 
of  Ireland  were  sworn  to  captain  Right, 
U   chartists  were  sworn  to   their  articles 

of  demand  called  their  charter,  Shake- 
speare would  have  furnished  them  with 
a  good  motto,  "  Use  every  man  after  his 
desert  and  who  shall  'scape  whipping?" 
(Hamlet,  act  ii.  sc.  2). 

Captain  Rock,  a  fictitious  name 
assumed  by  the  leader  of  certain  Irish 
insurgents  in  1822,  etc.  All  notices, 
summonses,  and  so  on,  were  signed  by 
this  name. 

Captain  is  a  Bold  Man  ( The),  a 
popular  phrase  at  one  time,  ['eachum 
applies  the  expression  to  captain  Mao- 
heath. — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 

Capu'cinade  (4  s>/l.).  "A  capu- 
dnade"  is  twaddling  composition,  or 
wishy-washy  literature.  The  term  is 
derived  from  the  sermons  of  the  Capu- 
chins, which  were  notoriously  incorrect 
in  doctrine  and  debased  in  style. 

tt  was  i  Tairue  dlaauuice,  the  rhetoric  of  an  oH  pro- 
h»or.    ■    nioru   capwlnada.—  Leeaae,   Oil  Wat,  hi.   4 


Cap'ulet,  head  of  a  nohle  house  of 
Yi  rona,  in  feudal  enmity  with  the  house 
of  Mon'tague  (3  tyl.).  "Lord  Capulet  is 
a  jovial,  testy  old  man,  self-willed,  pre- 
judiced, and  tyrannical. 

Capulet,  wife  of  lord  Capulet 
and  mother  of  Juliet. — Shakespeare, 
Romeo  and  Juliet  (1698). 

Then   lady  Oapnlat  ennia  nreeplnj;  by  with  her  train 
of  velvet,  her  black  h.K»l,  ti.-r  fin.  and  her   r<«ary.    Ui» 
rery  heau-ldcal  of  a  proud  Italian  matron  o<  tin  I 
oentnrj,  vrnoee  offer  to  !>••;*. n  Borneo  in  rare 
death  of  Tybalt  stamps  bar  wi'h  one  very  cham 
trait  of  the  age  and  country.     Vet  she  lorea  bar 
mid   then   i-  e  touch  of  raanonoful  tenderness  in  her 
lainentaUon  over  her. — Mrs.  Jameson. 

(Lord  Capulet  was  about  GO.  He  had 
"left  off  masking"  for  above  thirty 
years  (act  i.  sc.  5),  and  lady  Capuli 
only  28,  as  she  tells  the  nurse ;  but 
her  daughter  Juliet  was  a  marriageable 
woman.) 

The  Tomb  of  all  the  Cnjmlets.  Burke, 
in  a  letter  to  Matthew  Smith,  say-  :  "1 
would  rather  sleep  in  the  corner  of  a 
little  country  church-yard  than  in  the 
tomb  of  all  the  Capulets."  It  di 
occur  in  Shakespeare. 

Capys,  a  blind  old  seer,  who  pro- 
phesied to  Romulus  the  military  triumphs 
of  Lome  from  its  foundation  to  the  de- 
struction of  Carthage. 

In  the  hall  -  . 
Capys  the  ri| 
From  head  to  f">i  he  trembled 

And  up  Hood  -:it1  bti  thin  white  hair, 
..iM  fire. 
Lord   Macaulay,  lAiyt  of  Ancient  Koine  ("Tlie  Prophecy 
of  Capys,''  xi.). 

Car'abas  (Le  marquis  de),  an  hypo- 
thetical title  to  express  a  fossilizi 

aristocrat,  who  supposed  the  whole  world 

made  for  his  behoof.    The  "  Uiiu'  owes 

his   throne  to  him;"    he  can    "trace   hit 

pedigree  to  Pepin;"  his  youngest  son  is 

"sure  of  a  mitre;"  he  is  too  nohle  "  to 
pay   taxes  ;  "    the  Very   priests  share  their 

titiies  with  him  ;  the  country  was  made 
for  his  "hunting-ground;"  and,  there- 
fore, as  rMranger  says : 

rhepean  bat  I  chapeaa  basl 

The  name  0CCUT8  in    IYrrauIt's  tale  of 
Puss  in  Boots,  but  it   ii 
(1816)   which    lias    given   the  word   n» 

present  meaning. 

Carac'ci  of  France,  Jean  .lc^»e- 
net,  who  h;ih  paralysed  on  the  righl 
and   painted   with   his   left  hand   (1647- 
1707). 

Carac'tacus  or  Caradoc,  king  of 
the  Sil'urcS  (Monmouthshire,  etc.).     Foi 


CARACUL. 


160 


CARDS  OF  COMPLIMENT. 


nine  years  he  withstood  the  Roman  arms, 
but  being  defeated  by  Osto'rius  Scap'ula, 
the  Roman  general,  he  escaped  to  Bri- 
gantia  ( Yorkshire,  etc.)  to  crave  the  aid 
of  Carthisman'dua  (or  Cartiniandua),  a 
Roman  matron  married  to  Venu'tius, 
chief  of  those  parts.  Carthismandua 
betrayed  him  to  the  Romans,  a.i>.  47. — 
Richard  of  Cirencester,  Ancient  State  of 
Britain,  i.  6,  23. 

Caradoc  was  led  captive  to  Rome,  a.d. 
61,  and,  struck  with  the  grandeur  of  that 
city,  exclaimed,  "  Is  it  possible  that  a 
people  so  wealthy  and  luxurious  can 
envy  me  a  humble  cottage  in  Britain  ?  " 
Claudius  the  emperor  was  so  charmed 
with  his  manly  spirit  and  bearing  that 
he  released  him  and  craved  his  friend- 
ship. 

Drayton  says  that  Caradoc  went  to 
Rome  with  body  naked,  hair  to  the  waist, 
girt  with  a  chain  of  steel,  and  his 
"  manly  breast  enchased  with  sundry 
shapes  of  beasts.  Both  his  wife  and 
children  were  captives,  and  walked  with 
him." — Polyolbion,  viii.  (1612). 

Caracul  (i.e.  Caracalla),  son  and 
successor  of  Severus  the  Roman  em- 
peror. In  a.d.  '210  he  made  an  expedition 
against  the  Caledo'nians,  but  was  de- 
feated by  Fingal.  AurOlius  Antoninus 
was  called  "Caracalla"  because  he 
adoptcil  the  Gaulish  caracalla  in  pre- 
ference to  the  Roman  toga. — Ossian, 
Comala. 

The  Caracul  of  Fingal  Is  no  other  than  Caracalla,  who 
(as  the  son  of  Severus)  the  emperor  of  Home  .  .  .  was 
not  without  reason  called  "The  S. iii  of  the  King  of  the 
World."  This  was  A.D.  L'10. — Dissertation  on  the  Era  of 
Ossian. 

CaraculiamTbo,  the  hypothetical 
giant  of  the  island  of  Mahndra'ma, 
whom  don  Quixote  imagines  he  may  one 
day  conquer  and  make  to  kneel  at  the 
foot  of  his  imaginary  lady-love. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote,  I.  i.  1  (1605). 

Car'adoc  or  Cradock,  a  knight 
of  the  Round  Table,  lie  was  husband 
of  the  only  lady  in  the  queen's  train  who 
could  wear  "  the  mantle  of  matrimonial 
fidelity."  This  mantle  fitted  only  chaste 
and  virtuous  wives ;  thus,  when  queen 
Guenever  tried  it  on — 

One  while  It  was  too  long,  another  while  too  short. 
And  wrinkled  on  her  shoulders  in  most  unseemly  sort. 
Percy,  Jtelioues  ("Boy  and  the  Mantle,"  111.  iii.  IS). 

Sir  Caradoc  and  the  Boar's  Head.  The 
boy  who  brought  the  test  mantle  of 
fidelity  to  king  Arthur's  court,  drew  a 
wand  three  times  across  a  boar's  head, 
and  said,  "There's  never  a  cuckold  who 
nan  carve  that  head  of  brawn."     Knight 


after  knight  made  the  attempt,  but  only 
sir  Cradock  could  carve  the  brawn. 

Sir  Cradoc  and  the  Drinking-horn.  The 
boy  furthermore  brought  forth  a  drink- 
ing-horn, and  said,  "  No  cuckold  can 
drink  from  that  horn  without  spilling  the 
liquor."  Only  Cradock  succeeded,  and 
' '  he  wan  the  golden  can." — Percy,  Beliques 
("  Boy  and  the  Mantle,"  III.  iii.  18). 

Caradoc  of  Men'wygent,  the 
younger  bard  of  Gwenwyn  prince  of 
Powys-land.  The  elder  bard  of  the 
prince  was  Cadwallon. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Car'atach  or  Gxrac'tacus,  a  British 
king  brought  captive  before  the  emperor 
Claudius  in  a.d.  52.  He  had  been  be- 
trayed by  Cartiniandua.  Claudius  set 
him  at  liberty. 

And  Beaumont's  pilfered  Caratach  affords 
A  tragedy  complete  except  in  words. 
Byron,  Enylisli  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

(Byron  alludes  to  the  "spectacle"  of 
Caractacus  produced  by  Thomas  Sheri- 
dan at  Drury  Lane  Theatre.  It  was 
Beaumont's  tragedy  of  Bonduca,  minus 
the  dialogue.) 

Dlgges  [1720-1786)  was  the  very  absolute  "  Caratach.* 
The  solid  bulk  of  his  frame,  his  action,  his  voice,  all 
marked  him  with  identity. — Boaden,  Life  of  Siddont. 

Car'athis,  mother  of  the  caliph 
Vathek.  She  was  a  Greek,  and  induced 
her  son  to  study  necromancy,  held  in 
abhorrence  by  all  good  Mussulmans. 
When  her  son  threatened  to  put  to  death 
every  one  who  attempted  without  success 
to  read  the  inscription  of  certain  sabres, 
Carathis  wisely  said,  "Content  yourself, 
my  son,  with  commanding  their  beards 
to  be  burnt.  Beards  are  less  essential  to 
a  state  than  men."  She  was  ultimately 
carried  by  an  afrit  to  the  abyss  of  Kblis, 
in  punishment  of  her  many  crimes.- - 
W.  I'.eekford,  Vathek  (178-1). 

Carau'sius,  the  first  British  em- 
peror (237-2114).  His  full  name  was 
Marcus  Aurelius  Valerius  Carausius,  and 
as  emperor  of  Britain  he  was  accepted 
by  Diocletian  and  Maxim'ian ;  but  after 
a  vigorous  reign  of  seven  years,  he  was 
assassinated  by  Allectus,  who  succeeded 
him  as  "  emperor  of  Britain."  —  See 
Gibbon,  Decline  and  Fall,  etc.,  ii.  13. 

Cards  of  Compliment.  When 
it  was  customary  to  fold  down  part  of 
an  address  card,  the  strict  rule  was  this : 
Right  hand  bottom  corner  turned  down 
meant  a  Personal  call.  Right  hand  too 
corner   turned  down   meant  Condolence. 


CARDAN. 

Left  hand  bottom  corner  turned  down 
meant  Congratulation. 

Car'dan  (Jer&me)  of  I  ".■■.'%  i.i  (1501- 
1576),  a  great  mathematician  and  astro- 
loger. He  profeased  to  bave  a  demon  or 
fafnilinr  spirit,  who  revealed  to  bin  the 
secrets  of  nature. 

What  tltd  your  Car.Un  iwnl  ynir  Pftplfmy  trll  ynu  T 
Yi'iir    McMaliRlnh  and  MM  -.mus  \tu-»  -utm- 

/.»/.  n  .  \uiir  harmony  M  ChlromAnC)  will)  oslruloK)'  ? — W. 
ColiKTeve,  lAtvt  for  Love.  iv.  [U 

Carde'nio  of  Andalusi'a,  of  opulent 
parents,  fill  in  love  with  Luanda,  a  lady 
of  equal  family  and  fortune,  to  whom  ho 
was  formally  engaged.  I 'on  Fernando, 
his  friend,  bowever  prevailed  on  Luan- 
da's father,  by  artifice,  to  break  off  the 
engagement  and  promise  I.ucinda  to 
himself,  "contrary  to  her  wish,  and  in 
violation  of  every  principle  of  honour." 
This  drove  ( lardenio  mad,  and  be  haunted 
the  Sierra  Morena  or  Brown  Mountain 
for  about  six  months,  as  a  maniac  with 
lucid  intervals.  On  the  wedding  day 
Lucinda  Bwooned,  and  a  letter  informed 
tlie  bridegroom  that  she  was  married  to 

Caidenio.  Next,  day  she  privately  left 
her  father's  house,  and  took  refuge  in  a 
convent;  but  bang  abducted  by  don 
Fernando,  she  was  carried  to  an  inn, 
where  Fernando  found  Dorothea  his  wife, 

and  lardenio  the  husband  id"  I.ucinda. 
All  parties  were  now  reconciled,  and  the 
two  gentlemen  paired  respectively  with 
their  proper  wives.  —  Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  I.  iv    (lt')05). 

Car'duel  or  Kar'tel,  Carlisle,  the 
place  where  Merlin  prepared  the  Bound 
Table. 

Care,  described  is  a  blacksmith,  who 
"worked  all  night  and  day."  His 
bellows,  says  Spenser,  are  Pensivenesa 
and  Si^hs. — Fairy  Queen,  iv.  .r>  (II 

Caro'less,   one    of   the    boon    com- 
panions of  Charles   Surface.— Sheridan, 
f<,r  Scandal  (1777). 

'),  an  officer  of  high 

■pints  and  mirthful  temper,  who  seeks  to 

win    Rath   (tin'    daughter  of    sir    Basil 
.  'hgood)  for  bis  wife.  — T.  Knight, 
oes. 

This   farce   is  a   mere   n  ch 

Committee,  by  the  Hon.  -ir  K.  Howard. 
The    names     "colonel    Careless"    and 

"  Ruth  "  are   the   same,  but   "Ruth' 

MS  proper  Christian  name  is  "  Anne." 

Cari-ltsB,  in  The  Committee,  was  the  part 

for    which    Joseph     Ashhury 

was  celebrated.— Chetwood,  Ihstury  of 
tim  Sta-ie. 


161  CARKKK. 


(The  Committee,  recast  by  T.  Knight, 

lady 
Pliant.— W. ' 

Careless  Husband  ( 7fo),  a  comedy 

by  Co:  1704 I.     1 

husband"   is   sir  Charles    l.a-y,    w 
amours  with  different  |  t  is  »o 

careless    that   he    leaves    his    lov.  * 

about,  ami  even  forgets  to  li  r 

when  he  has  made  a  liaison,  SO  that  his 
wife    knows    all  ;    yet    so    n  r 

temper,  and  under  such  entire  control, 
that  she  never  reproaches  him,  nor 

the  slightest  indication  of  jealousy.     Her 

Confidence  so  wins  upon  her  husband  that 
he  confesses  to  her  his  faults,  unci  reform! 
entirely  the  evil  of  his    I 

Careme  {Jean  de),  chef  d  f 

Leo  \.    This  was  a  name  given  him  by 
ipe  for  an  admin 

which  he  invented  for  I  ■ 

id"  .lean  W88  '■■  f  to  the  prince  regent)  at 
a  salary  of  £1000  ]  er  annum,  but  he  left 
this  situation  because  the  prince  had  only 
a  n,i  i,  i  and  entered  ; 

vice  of  baron  Rothschild  at  ; 

Carey  (Patrick),  tie 
lord    Falkland,    introduced    by   sir    \V. 

Scott  in  W'uvdstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Car'gill  (The  Rev.  J  tiah),  minister 
of  St.  Ronana  Well,  tutor  of  the  Hon. 
Augustus  Bidmore  1  the  suitor 

of   Miss   Augusta    Bidmore.   his   pupil's 

si.-ter.  —  Sir    W.    Scott, 

(time,  George  111.). 
Car'ibee    Islands     London),   now 

('hand'  3  It      was     called      the 

Caribee  Islands  from  its  COUntleSt  strait* 
and  intricate  thieves'  pa- 

Cari'no,  fathi  r  of  /•  oo'cia  thi 
troth-plight  wife  of   Arnoldo  (the   lady 

dishonourably  pursued  by  the  govemot 
count  Clodio).      Beaumont   and    Fletcher, 

Car'kor    tJa  in    tlm 

house  of  Mr.  Dombey,  merchant.     I 

Was  a  man  id  40,  of  a  florid  COmpll  I      n, 

with  very  glistening  white  h  > 

i     conspicuously     when     he     spoke. 
His   -mile  was   like  "the  snarl  of 
He    was     the  of     (he    house    of 

Dombey,  for  he  not  only  brought  the 
firm  bo  bankruptcy,  hut  be  seduced  Alios 


CARLEGION. 


162 


CAEMILIIAN. 


Marwood  (cousin  of  Edith,  Dombey's 
eecond  wife)  and  also  induced  Edith  to 
elope  with  him.  Edith  left  the  wretch  at 
Dijon,  and  Carkcr,  returning  to  England, 
was  run  over  by  a  railway  train  and 
killed. 

John  Carker,  the  elder  brother,  a  junior 
clerk  in  the  same  firm.  He  twice  robbed 
it  and  was  forgiven. 

Harriet  Carker,  a  gentle,  beautiful 
young  woman,  who  married  Mr.  Morfin, 
one  of  the  employe's  in  the  house  of  Mr. 
Dombey,  merchant.  When  her  elder 
brother  John  fell  into  disgrace  by  robbing 
his  employer,  Harriet  left  the  house  of 
her  brother  James  (the  manager)  to  live 
with  and  cheer  her  disgraced  brother 
John. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son 
(1846). 

Carle'gion  (4  syl.)  or  Cair-Li'gion, 
Chester,  or  the  "fortress  upon  Dee." 

Fair  Chester,  called  of  old 
C&rlegion. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xl.  (1613). 

Carle'ton  (Captain),  an  officer  in  the 
Guards. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  Vie 
1'eak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Carlisle  {Frederick  Howard,  earl  of), 
uncle  and  guardian  of  lord  Byron  (1748- 
1826).  His  tragedies  are  The  Father's 
Jicvov/e  and  lidlamere. 

The  paralytic  puling  of  Carlisle  .  .  . 
Lord,  rhymester,  petU-nwAtrc.  pamphleteer. 
Byron,  Enyltih  Bards  and  Scotch  lievicwert  (1809). 

Carlos,  elder  son  of  don  Antonio, 
and  the  favourite  of  his  paternal  uncle 
Lewis.  Carlos  is  a  great  bookworm, 
but  when  he  falls  in  love  with  Angelina, 
he  throws  off  his  diffidence  and  becomes 
bold,  resolute,  and  manly.  His  younger 
brother  is  Clodio,  a  mere  coxcomb. — 
C.  Cibber,  Love  Makes  a  Man  (1694). 

Car'los  (under  the  assumed  name  of  the 
marquis  DAntas)  married  Ogari'ta,  but 
as  the  marriage  was  affected  under  a 
false  name  it  was  not  binding,  and 
Ogarita  left  Carlos  to  marry  Horace  de 
Brienne.  Carlos  was  a  great  villain  :  He 
murdered  a  man  to  steal  from  him  the 
plans  of  some  Californian  mines.  Then 
embarking  in  the  Urania,  he  induced  the 
crew  to  rebel  in  order  to  obtain  mastery 
of  the  ship.  "Gold  was  the  object  of  his 
desire,  and  gold  he  obtained."  Ultimately, 
his  villainies  being  discovered,  he  was 
given  up  to  the  hands  of  justice. — E. 
burling,  T/ie  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea 
(1850). 

Carlos  (Don),  son  of  Philip  II.  of 
Portugal  j    deformed   in   pemon,   violent 


and  vindictive  in  disposition.  Don  Carlo*] 
was  to  have  married  Elizabeth  of  France, 
but  his  father  supplanted  him.  Sub- 
sequently he  expected  to  many  the  arch- 
duchess Anne,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
Maximilian,  but  her  father  opposed  the 
match.  In  1564  Philip  II.  settled  the 
succession  on  Rodolph  and  Ernest,  his 
nephews,  .declaring  Carlos  incapable 
This  drove  Carlos  into  treason,  and  he 
joined  the  Netherlanders  in  a  war  against 
his  father.  He  was  apprehended  and 
condemned  to  death,  but  was  killed  in 
prison.  This  has  furnished  the  subject 
of  several  tragedies :  i.e.  Otway's  Don 
Carlos  (1672)  in  English ;  those  of  J.  G.  de 
Campistron  (1683)  and  M.  J.  de  Cbenier 
(1789)  in  French  ;  J.  C.  F.  Schiller  (1798) 
in  German ;  Alfieri  in  Italian,  about  the 
same  time. 

Car'los  (Don),  the  friend  of  don  Alonzo, 
and  the  betrothed  husband  of  Leono'ra, 
whom  he  resigns  to  Alonzo  out  of  friend- 
ship. After  marriage,  Zanga  induces 
Alonzo  to  believe  that  Leonora  and  don 
Carlos  entertain  a  criminal  love  for  each 
other,  whereupon  Alonzo  out  of  jealousy 
has  Carlos  put  to  death,  and  Leonora 
kills  herself. — Edward  Young,  The 
Revenge  (1721). 

Carlos  (Don),  husband  of  donna 
Victoria.  He  gave  the  deeds  of  his  wife's 
estate  to  donna  Laura,  a  courtezan,  and 
Victoria,  in  order  to  recover  them,  assumed 
the  disguise  of  a  man,  took  the  name  of 
Florio,  and  made  love  to  her.  Having 
secured  a  footing,  Florio  introduced 
Gaspar  as  the  wealthy  uncle  of  Victoria, 
and  Gaspar  told  Laura  the  deeds  in  her 
hand  were  utterly  worthless.  Laura  in  a 
fit  of  temper  tore  them  to  atoms,  and 
thus  Carlos  recovered  the  estate,  and  was 
rescued  from  impending  ruin. — Mrs. 
Cowley,  A  Hold  Stroke  for  a  Husband 
(1782). 

Carlton    (Admiral    George),   George 

IV.,  author  of    The   Voyage  of  in 

search    of    Loyalty,     a    poetic     epistle 
(1820). 

Car'millian,  the  "  phantom  ship." 
The  captain  of  this  ship  swore  he  would 
double  the  Cape,  whether  God  willed  it 
or  not,  for  which  impious  vow  he  was 
doomed  to  abide  for  ever  and  ever  captain 
in  the  same  vessel,  which  always  appears 
near  the  Cape,  but  never  doubles  it.  TLe 
kobold  of  the  phantom  ship  is  named 
Klabot'erman,  a  kobold  who  helps 
sailors  at  their  work,    but  beats    thos* 


CARO. 


188 


CABPILLONA. 


who  are  idle.  When  n  vessel  is  doomed, 
the  kohold  apfx-Jirn  smoking  B  short  pipe, 
dressed  in  yellow,  and  wearing  a  night- 
cap. 

Caro,  the  Flesh  or  "natural  man" 
iiied.  Phineas  Fletcher  says  "  this 
dam  of  sin  "  in  ■  hag  of  loathsome  shape, 
arrayed  in  steel,  polished  externally,  l>ut 
rusty  within.  On  lier  shield  is  the  device 
■f  a  mermaid,  with  the  motto,  "Hear, 
liaze,  and  Die." — The  Purple  Islatui,  vii. 
(1888). 

Carocium,  the  banner  of  the  Mi- 
lanese, having  for  device  "St.  Ambrose," 
the  |tfitnin  saint  of  Milan.  It  was 
mounted  on  an  iron  tree  with  iron  leaves, 
and  the  summit  of  the  tree  was  sur- 
mounted by  a  large  cross.  The  whole 
was  raised  on  a  red  car,  drawn  by  tour 
red  bulls  with  red  harness.  Mass  was 
always    said   before  the  car  started,  and 

Gfuinefolle  tells  us,  "tonte  la  ceremonie 
emit  one  imitation  de  l'arche  d'alliance 
di  I  Israelites." 

he  carocium  des  Mil.in.ilj  etalt  au  mlllon.  cntoum!  de 

|eo  j<miii''s  fans,  'iul  f*Mrient  iinia  a  la  rle  a  la  roorl  POUT 

i  Ire.    II  >  trait  encore  pour  vi  garde  an  liaulllon 

ipoee  de  IKKI  cavalier.. — La   UataM*  d* 

Ugnana,  rj  Mai.  H7ii. 

Caroline, queen-consortof  (ieor^-e  II., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  7%e  Heart 

<,f    Midlothian,      Jeanie     Deans     has     an 

interview  with  her  in  the  gardens  at,  Rich- 
mond, and  her  majesty  promises  to  inter- 
red    with    the    king    for    Effie    1' 
pardon, 

Caros  or  Carausius,  a  Roman 
captain,    native  of    Belgic    Gaol.      The 

emperor  Maximian  employed  CarOS  to 
defend   the  coast  of   Gaul    against    the 

!•  ranks  and  SaX0US.  He  acquired  great 
weallh   »nd   |iower,  but   fearing  to  excite 

slOUSy     of     Maximian,     lie     sailed 
for  Britain,  where  (in  a.i>.  287)  he  . 
himself  to  be  proclaimed  emperor.     ( iaros 

I  all  attempts  of  the  Romans  to 
dislodge  him,  so  that  they  ultimately 
acknowledged    his    independence.      He 

•  1  Agricola's  wall  to  obstrud  the 
incursions  ol  the<  ialedonians,  ami  while  he 
was  employed  on  this  work  was  attacked 
by  a  party  commanded  by  Oscar,  son  of 
11  i  and  grandson  of  Fingal.  "The 
I  I  aro-  lied,  and  <  tocar  remained 

like  a  pick  left  by  the  ebbing 

I       ■  I  .  .  .  U   the     .  .  noted   usurper 

I 

Bercult., 

prWtjr  I  i      Thu   Klruj  ..(  Slni».--/.u»,r. 

.. 


Car'ove   (3  tyl.)f  '•  ithout 

an  end."    lira. 

'-.virri  will  anticipate  that  mj 
>tcd   one.    will   prove  a 
•'•tory    »  ,  "—  W.   J.    Tlwiiu,    Akm    <m4 

vu.  rim,  ' 

Carpathian  "Wizard   (The  . 
.  who  lived  in  the  ials 
(.'ar'pathos,  in  the  Archipelago.     He  wa» 
a  Wizard,  who  could    change   his  form  at 
will.     Being  euherd,   h* 

carried  a  crook. 

[Ily\  tha  Carpathian  wtxard'i  hook  (erooH 

Milum.  Obwm  tft  ll«B4). 

Carpet  (I'rin 
carpet,  to  all  appearances  quite  worl 
but  it  would  transport  any  one  who 
it  to  any  pari   of  the  world  in  a  n. 
This  carpet    is    Bometin  I   "the 

magic  carpet  of  Tangu,"  because  i- 
from  Tangu,   in   Persia. — .1'  ■ 
("  Prince  Ahmed  "). 

C'lrjht  (Sijlomon's).      Solomon    had    a 
hi  which  hi-    .. 
set.     This  carpet  was  lar_'e  enough  for  all 
irt    to    stand     on  ;     human    I 
:i  the    ri_;ht  side  of  the  thro-  . 
spirits     on    the     ,  -    lomon 

.  to  travel   he  told  the  wind  where 
to  set  him  down,  and  the  carpet  with  all 
itents  ro-e  into  the  air  and  alighted 
proper  place.     In  hot 
birds  of  the    air,   with    outspread    I 
formed  a  canopy  over  the  w;.    . 
Sale,  Koran,  xxvn.  QOl 

Carpet  Knight  (.1),  a  civil,  not  a 

military  k:r 

Knu'lit.    .ir-   mm   wV>  arc.    hr    tli- 

■ 

monwealth.  illMulieil  thu  till.-  lrirj    are 

callol    "Carpet    BLnlfhl 

nut,  and  rrpon 
Id}— French)  Markhani.  /;,.  lr  ■■■ 

Carpil'lona  _rht«-r 

of    Subli'mua    kin;,'    of     the    Pi 
islands.   Sublimus,  being  dethroned  by  a 
usurper,  was  with   his  wife,  child,  and  a 
foundling   boy,    thrown    into    a    dui 

and  kept  there  for  three  years.    T 
captivi  ntrived   to 

the   rope  which  held  tie  :  which 

Carpillona     was     let     down,     •-• 

asunder,    and     she     fell     into     the     hike. 
Sublimus    and     the    other    t 
ret  in  hi  rd    family,    end 

Carpi:  I  by  a  tishenn.nn, 

rough!  up  by  him 

throned    tbe    usurper  of    the   Peaceable 

i  :'  tJie  eao» 


CARPIO. 


164 


CARTHAGE. 


tives,  and  the  "Humpbacked"  Prince 
wanted  to  make  her  his  wife  ;  but  she  fled 
in  disguise,  and  came  to  the  cottage 
home  of  Sublimus,  where  she  fell  in  love 
with  his  foster-son,  who  proved  to  be  half- 
brother  of  the  "Humpbacked"  Prince. 
Ultimately,  Carpillona  married  the  found- 
ling, and  each  succeeded  to  a  kingdom. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Prin- 
cess Carpillona,"  1682). 

Car'pio  {Bernardo  del),  natural  son  of 
don  Sancho,  and  dona  Ximena,  surnamed 
"  The  Chaste."  It  was  Bernardo  del 
Carpio  who  slew  Poland  at  Roncesvalles 
(4  syl.).  In  Spanish  romance  he  is  a 
very  conspicuous  figure. 

Carras'co  (Samson),  son  of  Bartholo- 
mew Carrasco.  He  is  a  licentiate  of  much 
natural  humour,  who  flatters  don  Quixote, 
and  persuades  him  to  undertake  a  second 
tour. 

He  was  about  24  years  of  ace,  of  a  pale  complexion,  and 
hart  flood  talents.  His  nose  was  remarkably  Hat.  and  his 
mouth  remarkably  wide.— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  L 
3(1(115). 

He  may  perhaps  boast  ...  as  the  bachelor  Samson 
Carrasco,  of  fixing  the  weather-cock  La  CiraWa  of  Seville, 
for  weeks,  months,  or  years,  that  is,  for  as  tang  M  tot 
wind  shall  uniformly  blow  from  one  quarter. — Sir  W. 
Scott. 

(The  allusion  is  to  Don  Quixote,  II.  i. 
14.) 

Carric-Thura,  in  the  Orkney  Islands, 
the  palace  of  king  Cathuila.  It  is  the 
title  of  one  of  the  Ossian  poems,  the 
subject  being  as  follows  : — Fingal,  going 
on  a  visit  to  Cathuila  king  of  the  Ork- 
neys, observes  a  signal  of  distress  on  the 
palace,  for  Frothal,  king  of  Sora,  had 
invested  it.  Whereupon,  Fingal  puts  to 
Sight  the  besieging  army,  and  overthrows 
Frothal  in  single  combat ;  but  just  as  his 
sword  was  raised  to  slay  the  fallen  king, 
Utha,  disguised  in  armour,  interposed. 
Her  shield  and  helmet  "flying  wide," 
revealed  her  sex,  and  Fingal  not  only 
spared  Frothal,  but  invited  him  and 
Utha  to  the  palace,  where  they  passed  the 
night  in  banquet  and  in  song. — Ossian, 
Carric-Thura. 

Carril,  the  grey-headed  son  of  Kin- 
fe'na  bard  of  Cuthullin,  general  of  the 
Irish  tribes. — Ossian,  Fingal. 

Carrillo  (Fray)  was  never  to  be 
found  in  his  own  cell,  according  to  a 
famous  Spanish  epigram. 

Like  Fray  Carillo, 
The  only  place  in  which  one  cannot  find  him 
Is  his  own  cell. 

Longfellow,  The  Spanish  Student,  1.  5. 

Cai^rol,  deputy  usher  at  Kenilworth 


Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Car'stone  (Richard),  cousin  of  Ada 
Clare,  both  being  wards  in  Chancery, 
interested  in  the  great  suit  of  "Jarndyce 
v.  Jarndyce."  Richard  Carstone  is  a 
"  handsome  youth,  about  19,  of  ingenuous 
face,  and  with  a  most  engaging  laugh." 
He  marries  his  cousin  Ada,  and  lives  in 
hope  that  the  suit  will  soon  terminate 
and  make  him  rich.  In  the  mean  time,  he 
tries  to  make  two  ends  meet,  first  by  the 
profession  of  medicine,  then  by  that  of 
law,  then  by  the  anny  ;  but  the  rolling 
stone  gathers  no  moss,  and  the  poor 
fellow  dies  with  the  sickness  of  hope 
deferred.— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1853). 

Cartaph'ilus,  the  Wandering  Jew 
of  Jewish  story.  Tradition  says  be  was 
door-keeper  of  the  judgment  hall,  in  the 
service  of  Pontius  Pilate,  and,  as  he  led 
our  Lord  from  the  judgment  hall,  struck 
Him,  saying,  "  Get  on  !  Faster,  Jesus  !  " 
Whereupon  the  Man  of  Sorrows  replied, 
"  I  am  going  fast,  Cartaphilus  ;  but  tarry 
thou  till  I  come  again."  After  the  cruci- 
fixion, Cartaphilus  was  baptized  by  the 
same  A  nan  i 'as  who  baptized  Paul,  and 
received  the  name  of  Joseph.  At  the 
close  of  every  century  he  falls  into  a 
trance,  and  wakes  up  after  a  time  a 
young  man  about  30  years  of  age. — Book 
of  the  Chronicles  of  tlte  Abbey  of  St. 
Alhiins. 

(This  "book"  was  copied  and  con- 
tinued by  Matthew  Paris,  and  contains 
the  earliest  account  of  the  Wandering 
Jew,  a.d.  122*.  In  1212  Philip  Monskea, 
afterwards  bishop  of  TOumay,  wrote  the 
"  rhymed  chronicle.") 

Carter  (Mrs.  Deborah),  housekeeper 
to  Surplus  the  lawyer. — J.  M.  Morton, 
A  Regular  Fix. 

Car'thage  (2  syl.).  When  Dido 
came  to  Africa  she  bought  of  the  natives 
"as  much  land  as  could  be  encompassed 
with  a  bull's  hide."  The  agreement  being 
made,  Dido  cut  the  hide  into  thongs,  so 
as  to  enclose  a  space  sufficiently  large 
for  a  citadel,  which  she  called  Bursa 
"the  hide."  (Greek,  bursa,  "a  bull's 
hide.") 

The  following  is  a  similar  story  in 
Russian  history  : — The  Yakutsks  granted 
to  the  Russian  explorers  as  much  land  aa 
they  could  encompass  with  a  cow's  hide  ; 
but  the  Russians,  cutting  the  hide  into 
strips,  obtained  land  enough  for  the  town 
and  fort  which  they  called  Yakutsk. 


CARTHAGE  OF  THE  NORTH.   165 


CASSANDRA. 


Carthage  of  the  North.  I.ubeck 
was  bo  culled  when  it  was  the  head  of  tho 
Hansaatic  League. 

Car'thon,  son  of  Cless'ammoi  and 
Moina,  was  horn  while  Clessammor  was 
in  flight,  and  his  mother  died  in  child- 
birth. When  he  was  three  years  old, 
Comhal  (Fingal'a  father)  took  and  burnt 
Balclutha  (a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britons,  on  the  Clyde),  hut  Carthon  was 
carried  awav  safely  by  his  nurse.  When 
grown  to  man's  estate,  Carthon  resolved 
to  revenge  this  attack  on  Balclutha,  and 
accordingly  invaded  Blorven,  the  king- 
dom of  Fingal.  After  overthrowing  two 
of  Fingal'e  heroes,  Carthon  was  slain  by 
his  own  father,  who  knew  him  not  ;  but 
when  Clessammor  learnt  that  it  was  Ins 
own  son  whom  he  had  slain,  he  mourned 
for  him  three  days,  and  on  the  fourth  he 
died. — Ossian,  Carthon. 

Car'ton  [Sydney),  a  friend  of  Charles 
Damay,  whom'  he  personally  resembled. 
Bydney  Carton  loved  Lucie  B&anette,  but, 
knowing  of  her  attachment  to  Darnay, 
never  attempted  to  win  her.  Hex  friend- 
ship, however,  called  out  his  good 
qualities,  and  he  nobly  died  instead  of 
his  friend.— C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities  (18.00). 

Cartouche,  an  eighteenth  century 
highwayman.  He  is  the  French  Dick 
Turpin. 

Car'un,  a  small  river  of  Scotland, now 
railed   Carron,  in   the   neighbour!* 

la's  wall.    The  word  means  "wind- 
ing." 

Ca'rus  (Slow),  in  Garth's  Dispensary, 
is  Dr.  Tyson  (1649-1708). 

Caryati'des  (5  tyl.)  or  Carya'tos 

(•1  tyl.),  female  figures  in  Creek  costume, 

used  in  architecture  to  support  entabla- 
tures. I'a'rya,  in  Areadia,  sided  with  the 
Persians  when  theyinvaded  Greece,  so  after 
the  battle  of  Thermop'ylsB,  the  victorious 
destroyed  the  city,  slew  the  men, 

and  made  the  women  slaves.     l'raxit'el,  .-, 

to    perpetuate    the    disgrace,    employed 

figures  of  Caryan  women  with    i 

for  architectural  columns. 

Cas'ca,  a  blunt-witted   Roman,   and 
one  of  the  conspirators  who  assa 
Julius    Cesar,     lie    is    called    "  Honest 
Casea,"    meaning   piaw-apoAsn.— Shake- 
tpeare,  ./». 

CnschVaSCh,      a      hideous      genius, 
14  hunchbacked,    hum-,    and    blind    Of    OHM 


eye  ;  with  six  horns  on  his  head,  and  both 
his  bands  and  feet  booI  tairy 

Ifalmon  summoned  him  to  de- 

cide which  was  the  more  beautiful,  "the 

prince    Camaral'/aman     or    tie      pi 

Badou'ra,"  bul  be  was  nnab 

mine   the   knotty  point. — Arabian  Night* 

("  Camaral/.anian  and  Badoura"). 

Casel'la,  a  musician  ami  friend  of 
the  poet  Dante,  introduced  in  his  l'nr- 
gatory,  ii.  On  arriving  at  purgatory,  the 
poet  sees  a  vessel   freighted   with 

come  to  be  purged  of  their  sin>  and  made 

lit.  for  paradise;  among  them  h< 

his    friend    Casella,    whom    he    "  v. 

whereupon,  Casella  repeats  with 
enchanting  sweetness  the  word3  of 
[Dante's  |  second  canzone.  % 

DiuiU  shall  give  Fair-  leave  to  Mt  thee  higher 
Than  hit  Caaefls,  wl.  m  he  w.xied  t- 
Met  in  the  milder  (hade*  of  |nintator>. 

Hilton,  go  nut,  xiu.  (To  II.  Lawea). 

Casket  Homer,  Alexander's  edition 

with  Aristotle's  notes.      So  called  I 
it  was   kept  in  a  golden  casket,  studded 
with  jewels,  part  of  the  spoil  which   fell 
into   the    hands   of    Alexander   after    the 
battle  of  Arbe'la. 

Cas'par,  master  of   the  horse  to  the 
baron  of  Amheim.     Mentioned  in    Don- 
nerhugel's     narrative. — Sir     W. 
Anne  of  Qeierstem  (time,  Edward  IV.  i. 

Caspar,  a   man   who   sold   himself   to 
Za'miel  the  Black  Huntsman.    The  night 

the  expiration  of  his  lif 
bargained  for  a  respite  of  three  y. 

condition  of  bringing  Max  into  the  power 
,,f  the  Bend.  On  the  day  appointed  for 
the  prize-shooting,  Max  aimed  at  a  dove 

bul  killed  Caspar,  and  Ziimicl  carried  off 
his  victim  to  "  his  own   place"—  \\  I 

opera,  Der  Freiachut*  (le 
Cassan'dra,    daughter    of     Priam. 

gifted   with  the  power  of   prophecy  :    1  Hi 

Apollo,  whom  she  had  offended,  • 

her  with  the  ban  "that  no  one  should 

ever  believe  her  predictions."-  Shake- 
speare,   / 

M;        r..irrr    In    chain  I 
noble,  and  diipilfli 

and  tonderm  ■  • 

in    '(  aamndn 

..ii.  Hit- 
tory  o/  tSt  M  i  jr. 

*+*  "  Cansandia  **  ( TrrriTiiir  imif  f> 

I   leopatra  "  [Ani 

'  (ro,  Bhakespean ,  or  All  ■ 

Drydt 

1  .  |       ;     "  M. .mo    . 

Otway);  '•  Belvidera"  (  i  <  >..■  •  Pn  served, 
j  Otway). 


CASSEL. 

Cassel  {Count),  an  empty-headed, 
heartless,  conceited  puppy,  who  pays 
court  to  Amelia  Wildenhaim,  but  is  too 
insufferable  to  be  endured.  He  tells  her 
he  "learnt  delicacy  in  Italy,  hauteur  in 
Spain,  enterprise  in  France,  prudence  in 
Russia,  sincerity  in  England,  and  love 
in  the  wilds  of  America,"  for  civilized 
nations  have  long  since  substituted  in- 
trigue for  love. — Inchbald,  Lovers'  Vows 
(1800),  altered  from  Kotzebue. 

Cassi,  the  inhabitants  of  Hertford- 
shire or  Cassio. — Caesar,  Commentaries. 

Cassib'ellaun  or  Cassib'elan 
(probably  "  Caswallon"),  brother  and 
successor  of  Lud.  lie  was  king  of 
Britain  when  Julius  Caesar  invaded  the 
island.  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  says,  in 
his  British  History,  that  Cassibellaun 
routed  Caesar,  and  drove  him  back  to 
Gaul  (bk.  iv.  3,  6).  In  Caesar's  second  in- 
vasion, the  British  again  vanquished  him 
(ch.  7),  and  "  sacrificed  to  their  gods  as 
a  thank-offering  40,000  cows,  100,000 
sheep,  30,000  wild  beasts,  and  fowls 
without  number  "  (ch.  8).  Androg'eus 
(4  syl.)  "  duke  of  Trinovantum,"  with 
f>000  men,  having  joined  the  Roman  forces, 
Cassibellaun  was  worsted,  and  agreed  "to 
pay  3000  pounds  of  silver  yearly  in 
tribute  to  Rome."  Seven  years  after  this 
Cassibellaun  died  and  was  buried  at  York. 

In  Shakespeare's  Cymbeline  the  name  is 
called  "  Cassibelan." 

%*  Polyaenus  of  Macedon  tells  us 
that  Caesar  had  a  huge  elephant  armed 
with  scales  of  iron,  with  a  tower  on  its 
back,  filled  with  archers  and  slingers. 
When  this  beast  entered  the  sea,  Cassi- 
velaunus  and  the  Britons,  who  had  never 
6een  an  elephant,  were  terrified,  and  their 
horses  fled  in  affright,  so  that  the  Romans 
were  able  to  land  without  molestation. — 
See  Drayton's  J'olyolbion,  viii. 

There  tho  hive  of  Roman  liars  worship  a  gluttonous  em- 
peror-idiot 
Such  Is  Rome  .  .  .  hear  it,  spirit  of  Cassivelaun. 

Teunyson,  Boadicea, 

Cas'silane  (3  syl.),  general  of  Candy 
and  father  of  Annophel. — Laws  of  Candy 
(1647). 

Cassim,  brother  of  AH  Baba,  a 
Persian.  He  married  an  heiress  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  richest  merchants  of 
the  place.  When  he  discovered  that  his 
brother  had  made  himself  rich  by  hoards 
from  the  robbers'  cave,  Cassim  took  ten 
mules  charged  with  panniers  to  carry  away 
part  of  the  same  booty.  "Open  Sesame ! " 
he  cried,  and  the  door  opened.     He  filled 


166  CASSIUS. 


his  sacks,  but  forgot  the  magic  word* 
"  Open  Barley  ! "  he  cried,  but  the  dooi 
remained  closed.  Presently  the  robber 
band  returned,  and  cut  him  down  with 
their  sabres.  They  then  hacked  the 
carcase  into  four  parts,  placed  them  near 
the  door,  and  left  the  cave.  Ali  Baba 
carried  off  the  body  and  had  it  decently 
interred. — Arabian  Nights  ("Ali  Baba 
or  the  Forty  Thieves"). 

Cas'sio  {Michael),  a  Florentine, 
lieutenant  in  the  Venetian  army  under 
the  command  of  Othello.  Simple-mindfcd 
but  not  strong-minded,  and  therefore 
easily  led  by  others  who  possessed  greater 
power  of  will.  Being  overcome  with 
wine,  he  engaged  in  a  street-brawl,  for 
which  he  was  suspended  by  Othello,  but 
Desdemona  pleaded  for  his  restoration. 
Iago  made  capital  of  this  intercession  to 
rouse  the  jealousy  of  the  Moor.  Cassio's 
"almost"  wife  was  Bianca,  his  mistress. 
— Shakespeare,  Othello  (1611). 

"Cassio"  is  brave,  benevolent,  and  honest,  ruined  only 
by  his  want  of  stubbornness  to  resist  an  insidious  invita- 
tion. — Dr.  Johnson. 

Cassiodo'rus  {Marcus  Aurelius),  a 
great  statesman  and  learned  writer  of  the 
sixth  century,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
100,  in  a.d.  562.  He  filled  many  high 
othces  under  Theod'oric,  but  ended  his 
days  in  a  convent. 

Listen  awhile  to  a  learned  prelection 
On  Marcus  Aurelius  Cassiodorus. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend, 

Cassiope'ia,  wife  of  Ce'pheus 
(2  syl.)  king  of  Ethiopia,  and  mother  of 
Androm'eda.  She  boasted  herself  to  be 
fairer  than  the  sea-nymphs,  and  Neptune, 
to  punish  her,  sent  a  huge  sea-serpent  to 
ravage  her  husband's  kingdom.  At  death 
she  was  made  a  constellation,  consisting  of 
thirteen  stars,  the  largest  of  which  form 
a  "  chair"  or  imperfect  W. 

.  .  .  had  you  been 
Sphered  up  with  Cassiopeia. 

Tennyson,  The  Princett,  tv. 

Cassius,  instigator  of  the  conspiracy 
against  Julius  Caesar,  and  friend  of  Bru- 
tus.— Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccesar  (1607). 

Brutut.  The  last  of  all  the  Romans,  fare  thee  will  I 

It  is  Impossible  that  ever  Rome 

Bfaoold  breed  thy  fellow.     Friends,  I  owe  more  tears 

Tu  this  dead  man  than  you  shall  see  me  pay. 

I  shall  find  time,  Cassius,  I  shall  find  time. 

Act  v.  sc  3. 

Charles  Mayne  Young  trod  the  boards  with  freedom. 
His  countenance  was  equally  well  adapted  for  the  ex- 
pression of  pathos  or  of  pride :  thus  in  such  parts  at 
'•  Hamlet."  "Beverley,"  "  The  Stranger,"  "Pierre," 
"Zanga,"and  "Cassius,"  he  looked  the  men  he  repre- 
sented.— Rev.  i.  Young,  Life  of  C.  M.  Young. 

***  "Hamlet"  (Shakespeare) ;  "Bever- 
ley"   {The    Gamester,    Moore);     "The 


CASTAGNKTTK. 


167 


CASTLE  IN  TIIK  AIR. 


Stranger  "    (!?.    Thompson)  ;    "  Pierre  " 

■    Preserved,    Otway);    "/ 
(  /.'.  n  n  if,  Young). 

Castagnette  (C<ij>t<iin),  n  hero  whose 
stomach  was  replaced  by  a  leather  one 
made  by  Desgenettes  [}>'i'.<icn>  t'],  bnt 
his  career  was  soon  ended  by  a  bomb- 
shell, which  blew  bin  into  atoms. — 
Manuel,  A  French  Kxtravaganza. 

CastaTio,  son  of  lord  Acasto,  and 
Polydore'a      twin-brother.       Both     the 

brothers  loved    their   father's    ward,    Mo- 

nim'ia  "  the  orphan."  The  love  ol  Poly- 
dore  was  dishonourable  love,  hut  Castalio 
loved  her  truly  ami  married  her  in 
private.  On  the  bridal  night  Polydoreby 
treachery  took  his  brother's  place,  and 
next  day,  when  Monimia  discovered  the 
deceit  which  had  been  practised  on  her, 
ami  Polydore  heard  that  Monimia  was 
really  married  to  his  brother,  the  bride 
poisoned  herself)  the  adulterer  ran  upon 
his  brother's  sword,  and  the  husband 
stabbed  himself. — Otway,  The  Orphan 
(1G80). 

Mr.  Wllkn's  excellence  In  comedy  win  never  once  dis- 
puted, bat  the  I  eel  Judges  extol  him  f^r  dlderei  I 
tnuo-h .  as,  "  Baudot,"  "  Castalio,"  "  Edgar,"  "  Moneses," 
••  Jnffi.  r."— Chetwood. 

%*  "Hamlet"  (Shakespeare);  "Ed- 
gar [King  I.car,  Shakespeare);  "Mo- 
neses  {Tamerlane,  Rowe) ;  "Jaftier" 
{Venice  Preserved,  Otway). 

Cas'taly,  a  fountain  of    ParnassoB, 

sacred  to  the  Muses.  Its  waters  hail  the 
virtue  of  inspiring  those  who  drank 
thereof  with  the  gift  of  poetry. 

Casta'ra,  the  lady  addressrd  by  Wm. 
Habington  in  his  poems.  >he  was  Lucy 
Herbert  (daughter  of  Wm.  Herbert,  first 
lord  Powis),  and  became  his  wife.  (Latin, 
Cusd:,  "chaste.") 

If  tlirn.  C.vtnm,  I  tn  henven  rt"- 

Nur  Murth,  poi  baa,  whin  nm  l  i>nt  in  Um  t 

W.   HftMwpnn,  To  liuwru  (died  IflSfl. 
The  j poetry  of  Habliigtoi]  ihowi  thai  be. 

•  real  |wlon  lor  n  Imlr  of  birth  noil  vlriiie.  the 
"&«tara"  whom  lie  afterwards  n.nri  n  .1— llallanu 

Castle  Dangerous,  a  novel  by  sir 
W .  Bcott,  alter  the  wreck  of  ins  fortune 

Ud  repeated  strokes   of   | eiral \  .-is  (1881). 

who  read  it  must  remember  they 

are    the    last    notes   of  a  dying  swan,  and 

forbear  to  scan  its  merits  too  strictly. 

us  or    "The    Perilous 
Qui  le  of    Don  So  called  i  ■ 

thrice  taken   from  the   English 

tH'twi  en  1806  and   1807. 

1.  <  mi  Palm  Bunday,  while  the  English 

•oldii'ik  wi  r.   .it  church,  Douglas  fill  on 


them   and   slew  them  ;  then,  enter: 

be  put  to  the  sword  all  he 

there,  and   set   lire  to   the  castle     I 

2.  T  I 

under  the  guard  of  Thirwall,  but  Douglas 
disguised  1  ii  s.   and 

Thirwall  resolved  to  "l 
He  set  upon  them  to  drive  off  the        -  I 

but  the  "drovers,"  being  too  strong  for 
the  attacking  party,  •  ■•  them, 

and  again  Douglas  made  bin  ej 

of  the  castle. 

3.  Sir  John  de  Walton  next  volui  I 
to    hold    the   castle  for  a  year  and  a  day, 

but  Douglas  disguised    his    Boldii 

market-men  carrying  corn   and   gi 
Lanark.     Sir    John,    in    an    attempt    to 
plunder  the  men,  set  Up  at  was 

overmastered    and    slain.     This 
subject  of  sir  W,   Scotfs  novel   called 
Castle    Dangerous,   but    instead    of    the 
market-men  "with  corn  and 
novel  substitutes  lady  Augusta,  the  pri- 
soner of   1'daek   Douglas,  whom  1.. 
mises  to  release  ir 

to  him,     De  Walton  consents,  gives  w\> 
the  castle,  and  marries  the  lady  A  i 

Castle   PerilottS,  the  habitation   of 

lady     Liones     (called     by      I  a 

i.       Hen    ghe  was  held  captive  bjf 

sir   Ironside   the   Led    Knight  of  t 
Lands.     Sir  Gareth  overcame  the! 
and   married   the   lady. — Sir  T.    Malory, 
Jlist"/-!/  of  I  "■.  i.  120-1 

%*  Tennyson  has  poetised  the  tale  in 
Oareth  and  Lynette,  but  has  altered  it. 
He  has  even  departed  from  the  ol  I 
by  making  sir   Gareth   marry   I 
ami  leaving  the  lady  Lyonora  in  the  cold. 
In   the   old   story  Gareth   marries    ! 
(or  Lyonors),  and  his  brother  Ga'heria 

marries  l.inet  (or  Lynette). 

Tennyson  ha.  quite  n  dined  the  scope  of  'he  Arthurtaa 
>  ■>»  hlcfa   b  a  Bunjran'i   /  • 

anta  ol  the  "  Qtj  • 

the  "  brlih  . "  »i 
Is  the  bride  in  > 
faith. 

I, ill       I.tnella  scoffs  i\t   i. 

'•  Hie  carnal  mind  Ii  enmity  aaa  .'.  tinreih 

n  rnaksa 
■ 

ApoUjroa    and    all    the    .  t   of   thi 

.   to  liearrn.  »nd 
then  in 

i     in  J     i  u.  r,m 
'•' 

CoHtU"   in    tho   Air   or   Civ 
d'Espagne,  a  splendid  thing  of  fancy 
or    hope,    but    wholly    without    any    rc.il 
died  a   "  castli 

Spain  has  DO  castles  or  chat.-«,iT. 
Bo    '>».<'.    h  ».,  ndt    means    "never,"    U>- 


CASTLE  OF  ANDALUSIA. 


168 


CAT. 


cause    there    were    no    such    things    as 
"  Greek  Kalends." 

Ne  semez  point  vos  desire  sur  le  Jardln  d'autrny ; 
eultirez  seulmeiit  bien  le  vostre ;  ne  desirez  poim  de 
n'estre  pas  ce  que  vous  estes,  mais  desirez  d'estre  fort 
bien  ce  que  vous  estes.  .  .  .  De  quoy  sert-il  de  bastir  dea 
chasteaux  en  Espagne,  quisqu'il  nous  faut  habiter  en 
France.  —  St  Francois  de  Sales  (bishop  of  Geneva), 
Writing  to  a  Lady  on  the  tulject  of  "  Contentment,"  i. 
285  (1567). 

Castle  of  Andalusia,  an  opera  by 
John  O'Keefe.  Don  Caesar,  the  son  of 
don  Scipio,  being  ill-treated  by  his 
father,  turns  robber-chief,  but  ultimately 
marries  Lorenza,  and  becomes  reconciled 
to  his  father. 

The  plot  is  too  complicated  to  be 
understood  in  a  few  lines.  Don  Cajsar, 
Spado,  Lorenza,  Victoria,  Pedrillo,  and 
Fernando,  all  assume  characters  different 
«.o  their  real  ones. 

Castle  of  In'dolence  (3  syl.),  in 
the  land  of  Drowsiness,  where  every 
sense  is  enervated  by  sensual  pleasures. 
The  owner  of  the  castle  is  an  enchanter, 
who  deprives  those  who  enter  it  of  their 
physical  energy  and  freedom   of  will. — 

homson,  Castle  of  Indolence  (1748). 

Castle  of  Maidens,  Edinburgh. 

\Sbraueut]  also  built  the  .  .  .  town  of  mount  Agned 
[Edinburgh}  called  at  this  time  "the  Castle  of  Maidens 
or  the  Mountain  of  Sorrow." — Geoffrey,  lirituh  JJittory, 
U   7  (IMS). 

Cas'tlewood  (Beatrix),  the  heroine 
of  £smond,  a  novel  by  Thackeray,  the 
"finest  picture  of  splendid  lustrous 
physical  beauty  ever  given  to  the  world." 

Cas'tor  (Steph'anos),  the  wrestler. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris 
(time,  Eufus). 

Castor,  of  classic-  fable,  is  the  son  of 
Jupiter  and  Leda,  and  twin-brother  of 
Pollux.  The  brothers  were  so  attached 
to  each  other  that  Jupiter  set  them  among 
the  stars,  where  they  form  the  constella- 
tion Gemini  ("the  twins").  Castor  and 
Pollux  are  called  the  Dios'curi  or  "  sons 
of  Dios,"  i.e.  Jove. 

Cas'triot  (George),  called  by,  the 
Turks  "Scanderbeg"  (1404-1467). 
George  Castriot.  was  son  of  an  Albanian 
prince,  delivered  as  a  hostage  to  Amu- 
rath  II.  He  won  such  favour  from  the 
sultan  that  he  was  put  in  command  of 
5000  men,  but  abandoned  the  Turks  in 
the  battle  of  Mora'va  (1443). 

Tlii*  Is  the  first  dark  blot 
On  thy  name.  George  Caatriot 
Longfellow,  The  II  aysidc  Inn  (an  interlude). 

Castruc'cio  Castraca'ni's  Sword. 
When  Victor  Emmanuel  II.  went  to  Tus- 


cany, the  path  from  Lucca  to  Pistoia 
was  strewed  with  roses.  At  Pistoia  the 
orphan  heirs  of  Pucci'ni  met  him, 
bearing  a  sword,  and  said,  "  This  is 
the  sword  of  Castruccio  Castracani,  the 
great  Italian  soldier,  and  head  of  the 
Ghibelines  in  the  fourteenth  century. 
It  was  committed  to  our  ward  and  keep- 
ing till  some  patriot  should  arise  to 
deliver  Italy  and  make  it  free."  Victor 
Emmanuel,  seizing  the  hilt,  exclaimea, 
"  Questa  e  per  ine!"  ("This  is  for 
me.") — E.  B.  Browning,  The  Sword  oj 
Castruccio  Castracani. 

Cas'yapa  (3  sgl.),  father  of  the 
immortals,  who  dwells  in  the  mountain 
called  Hcmacu'ta  or  Himakoot,  under 
the  Tree  of  Life. — Southey,  Curse  of 
Kchama  (canto  vi.  is  called  "  Casyapa, 
1809). 

Cat  (The)  has  been  from  time  im- 
memorial the  familiar  of  witches  ;  thus 
Galinthia  was  changed  by  the  Fates  into 
a  cat  (Antoninus  Libcralis,  Metam.  29). 
Hecate  also,  when  Typhon  compelled  the 
gods  and  goddesses  to  hide  themselves  in 
animals,  assumed  the  form  of  a  cat 
(Pansanias,  Booties).  Ovid  says,  "Fele 
soror  Ph(jcbi  latuit." 

The  cat  f  tlie  adage:  that  is,  Catus 
amat  pisces,  sed  non  vult  timgere  plantas 
("  the  cat  loves  fish,  but  does  not  like  to 
wet  her  paws  "). 

Letting  I  dare  not  wait  upon  I  would. 
Like  the  poor  cat  1'  the  adage. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act  I.  at  7  (1606). 

Good  liquor  will  make  a  cat  speak, — 
Old  Proverb. 

Not  room  to  swing  a  cat;  reference  is 
to  the  sport  of  swinging  a  cat  to  the 
branch  of  a  tree  as  a  mark  to  be  shot  at. 
Shakespeare  refers  to  another  variety  of 
the  sport ;  the  cat  being  enclosed  in  a 
leather  bottle,  was  suspended  to  a  tree 
and  shot  at.  "  Hang  me  in  a  bottle,  like  a 
cat"  (Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  act  i.  sc.  1)  ; 
and  Steevers  tells  us  of  a  third  variety  in 
which  the  "  cat  was  placed  in  a  soot-bag, 
hung  on  a  line,  and  the  players  had  to 
beat  out  the  bottom  of  the  bag."  He 
who  succeeded  in  thus  liberating  the  cat, 
had  the  "  privilege"  of  hunting  it  after- 
wards. 

Kilkenny  Cats.  A  favourite  amuse- 
ment of  the  "good  old  times"  with  a 
certain  regiment  quartered  at  Kilkenny, 
was  to  tie  two  cats  together  by  the  tails, 
swing  them  over  a  line,  and  watch  their 
ferocious  attacks  upon  each  other  in  their 
struggles  to  get  free.     It  was  determined 


CATAIAN. 


169 


CATH-LODA. 


to  put  down  this  cruel  "  sport ;  "  ami  one 
lay,  just  as  two  unfortunate  cats  were 
swung,  the  alarm  vu  given  tha*  the 
colonel  was.  riding  op  j ><  >st  haste.  An 
officer  present  cut  through  their  tails 
with  his  sword  and  liberated  the  cats, 
which  scampered  off  before  the  colonel 
arrived. — Fnmi  a  correspondent,  signed, 
Ii.  G.  Glenn  (4,  Rowden  Buildings, 
Temple). 

The  Kilkenny  Cats.  The  story  is  that 
»wo  cats  fought  in  a  saw-pit  so  ferociously 
that  each  swallowed  the  other,  leaving 
only  the  tails  behind  to  tell  of  the  won- 
derful encounter.  —  See  Dictionary  of 
Phrase  and  Fable,  for  several  other  re- 
ferences to  cats. 

Catai'an  (3  s>/l.),  a  native  of  Catai'a 
or  Cathay,  the  ancient  name  of  China  ;  a 
boaster,  a  liar.  Page,  speaking  of  Fal- 
bU it',  says  : 

I  will  not  belleYe  such  n  Catalan,  thonch  tl-e  prloat  of 
the  town  oomnendfld  him  for  a  truo  man  [i.e.  trxuh/uX 
numl— Starry  Wivet  of  Windtor,  act  II.  sc.  1  (1001). 

Cateucla'ni,  called  Catietichln' ni  by 
Ptolemy,  and  Cassii  by  Richard  of  Ciren- 
cester. They  occupied  Buckinghamshire, 
Bedfordshire,  and  Hertfordshire.  Dray- 
ton refers  to  them  in  his  PolyoOnon,  xvi. 

Catgut   (/''*.),   a  caricature  of    Dr. 

A  me  in  The  Commissary,  by  Sam.  Foote 

(i7i;.r.). 

Cath'arine,  queen-consort  of  Charles 
II.;  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Pereril  of  the  Peak.  (See  Cathkiunk, 
and  also  under  the  letter  K.) 

Cath'arine  (St.)  of  Alexandria  (fourth 
Century),   patron  saint  of  girls  and   vir- 

fma    generally.       Her    real    name    was 
)orothea  ;  but  St.  Jerome  says  she  was 
called   Catharine,   from    the    Syriae   word 

Kethar  or  Kathar,  "a  crown,"  because 
she  won  the  triple  crown  of  martyrdom, 
virginity,  and  wisdom.    She  was  put  to 

death  on  a  wheel,  November  'lb,  which  is 
her  ft'te  day. 

/'■  braid St.  Catharine' a  hair  means  "to 
live  a  virgin." 

Thou  art  too  fair  to  be  left  U<  braid  St  Catharine's  treswsa. 

,;J,l,  HC  (lt«i<). 

Cathay',    China    or     rather    Tartary, 
n  corruption  of  the  Tartar  word  1 
"the  country  of  the    Klulai'ims   or   Khi- 

tan«."  The  capital  wu  Albracca,  ac- 
cording to  Arioslo  (Orlando  Furioao), 

. .  thi  Ship 
Frotn  Ceytnn,  ln-l.  Of  hi  '   tth.i*  mil. tail.. 

Bjnoo,  Dm  Jmam,  »n.  I  o'-'-'D 

CathTja,  son  oi  Torman,  beloved   bj 


Morna,     daughter    of    Cormac    kin^    of 
Ireland.      lie   was   killed   out   of  jealousy 

by  DuchfVmar.  and  when  Dach6mar  tola 
Horna   and   asked   her  to  marry  him  she 

'  i,   '"  ThOH    art    dark    to   me,   1  >uc}.o 

mar  ;     cruel     is    thine    arm 
Give  me  that  sword,  my  foe  ;"  and  when 
he    gave    it,    she    "  pierced    his    manly 
breast,"  and  he  died. 

t'athba,  jroung  son  of  Tirman.  Uiti  art  of  the  lrrre  of 
StoriUL  Thou  art  a  sunbeam  la  the  da/  of  Uic  gloomy 
storm. — Ossian,  finj/ai,  1. 

Catherine,  wife  of  Bfalhis,  in    The 

Polish  Jew,  by  J.  K.  Ware. 

Catherine  (The  countess),  usually  called 
"The  Countess,"  falls  in  love  with  Huon, 
a  serf,  her  secretary  and  tutor.  Her 
pride  revolts  at  the  match,  but  her  love  is 
masterful.      When   the  duke  her  father  is 

told  of  it,  he  insists  on  Huon'a  marrying 
Catherine,  s  Creed  serf,  on  pain  of 
Huon  refuses  to  do  so  till   tl 
herself  entreats  him  to  comply.      1 1 
rushes   to    the    wars,    where    he    gi 

pushes   himself,   is   created    prince, 
and  learns  that  his  bride  is  Dot  Cat 
the    quondam    serf,    but    Catherine    the 
duke's    daughter.  —  S.    Knowlea.    Love 

Cath'erine  of  Newport,  the  wife 
of  Julian  Avenel  .     '  -      W.  8 

The"  Monastery   (time,  Elisabeth). 

Cathakink,  and  under  K.) 

Cathleen,  one  of  the  attendants   on 
Flora   M'lvor.— Sir    \V.  Sett,    H 
(time,  1 1'  ■  rge  II.). 

Cathlin  of  Clu'tha,  daughter  of 
Cathmol.     Duth-Carmor  of   Cloba    had 

slain    Cathmol    in    battle,  and   carried   off 

I  a   by   force,   but  she  contri 

make  her  escape  and  craved  aid  of  Fingal. 
Ossian  and  Oscar  were  select)  I 
her  cause,  and  when  they  reach  . 

col    (where    I )utli-(  armor    lived  ,  OssUB 

resigned  the  command  of  the  battle  to  his 

son  i  K.-.-ir.     i  iscai  and  I 

in  combat,  and  the  latter  fell. 
carried    the    mail    and  Duth- 

Carmor   to    Cathlin,    and     I'athlin    said, 
''Take    the    mail    and    place    it    !. 

Selma's  hall,  that  \  on  maj  r»  n 

helpless     in      a     .  t:  -t.int     land.' 

Cnth-Lo'tla.  The  tale  is  this:  Fingal 

in    his    youth,  making 

<  »rkne\  s,  was  driven  bj  ib 
to  Denmark.    The  king  Starno  invited 
him   to  a  feast,  but    Fingal.  in  dii 
declined    the    im  sta         theu 


CATTTMOR. 


170 


CATO. 


proposed  U  his  son  Swaran  to  surprise 
Filial  in  his  sleep  ;  but  Swaran  replied, 
"  I  shall  not  slay  in  shades.  I  move 
forth  in  light ; "  and  Starno  resolved  to 
attack  the  sleeper  by  himself.  He  came 
to  the  place  where  Fingal  lay,  but  Fingal, 
hearing  the  step,  started  up  and  succeeded 
in  binding  Starno  to  an  oak.  At  day- 
break he  discovered  it  to  be  the  king,  and 
loosing  him  from  his  bonds  he  said,  "  I 
have  spared  thy  life  for  the  sake  of  thy 
daughter,  who  once  warned  me  of  an 
ambuscade." — Ossian,  Cath-Loda  (in  three 
duans). 

Cath'mor,  younger  brother  of  Cair'- 
bar  ("  lord  of  Atha  "),  but  totally  unlike 
him.  Cairbai  was  treacherous  and  malig- 
nant ;  Cathmor  high-minded  and  hospit- 
able. Cairbai  murdered  Cormac  king  of 
Ireland,  and  having  inveigled  Oscar  (son 
of  Ossian)  to  a  feast,  vamped  up  a  quarrel, 
in  which  both  fell.  Cathmor  scorned 
such  treachery.  Cathmor  is  the  second 
hero  of  the  poem  called  Tem'ora,  and 
falls  by  the  hand  of  Fingal  (bk.  viii.). 

Cathmor,  the  friend  of  strangers,  the  brother  of  red- 
haired  Calrhar.  Their  souls  were  not  the  same.  The 
light  ofheaven  was  In  the  bosom  of  Cathmor.  His  towers 
rose  on  the  banks  of  Atlm  ;  seven  ].aths  led  to  his  halls ; 
seven  chiefs  stood  on  the  paths  and  railed  strangers  to  the 
feast.  But  Cathmor  dwelt  in  the  wood,  to  shun  the  voice 
of  praise. — Ossian,  Teinora,  t 

Cath'olic  (The). 

Alfonso  I.  of  Asturias,  called  by 
Gregory  III.  His  Catholic  Majesty  (693, 
739-757). 

Ferdinand  II.  of  Ar'agon,  husband  of 
Isabella.  Also  called  Muse",  "  the  wily  " 
(1452,  1474-1516). 

Isabella  wife  of  Ferdinand  II.  of 
Aragon,  so  called  for  her  zeal  in  establish- 
ing the  Inquisition  (1450,  1474-1504). 

Catholic  Majesty  (Catholica  Ma- 
iestad),  the  special  title  of  the  kings  of 
Spain.  It  was  first  given  to  king  Eecared 
(690)  in  the  third  Council  of  Toledo,  for 
his  zeal  in  rooting  out  the  "Arian 
heresy." 

Cul  a  Deo  rcternum  meritum  nisi  vero  Catholico  Re- 
earedo  regi  J  Cui  a  Deo seterna  coronanisi  vero  orthodoxo 
Recaredo  regi ?— Gregor.  Mag.,  127  and  128. 

But  it  was  not  then  settled  as  a  fixed 
title  to  the  kings  of  Spain.  In  1500 
Alexander  VI.  gave  the  title  to  Ferdinand 
V.  king  of  Aragon  and  Castile,  and  from 
that  time  it  became  annexed  to  the 
Spanish  crown. 

Ab  AJexandro  pontifice  Ferdinandus  "  Cathollcl  "  cog- 
Domeirtum  accepit  in  posteros  cum  regno  transfusum 
•tahiti  possessione.  Honorum  titulos  principibusdividere 
■ontin.ibus  Komanis  datur. — Mariana,  De  Jiebut  Help., 
avi.  12  ;  see  also  vii.  4. 

Ca'thoE,  cousin  of  Madelon,  brought 


up  by  her  uncle  Gor'gibus,  a  plain  citizen 
in  the  middle  rank  of  life.  These  two 
silly  girls  have  had  their  heads  turned  by 
novels,  and  thinking  their  names  common- 
place, Cathos  calls  herself  Aminta,  and 
her  cousin  adopts  the  name  of  Polix'ena. 
Two  gentlemen  wish  to  marry  them,  but 
the  girls  consider  their  manners  too 
unaffected  and  easy  to  be  "good  style," 
so  the  gentlemen  send  their  valets  to 
represent  the  "marquis  of  Mascarille" 
and  the  "viscount  of  Jodel«t "  Th«j 
girls  are  delighted  with  these  "dis- 
tinguished noblemen  ;  "  but  when  the 
game  has  gone  far  enough,  the  master* 
enter,  and  lay  bare  the  trick.  The  girls 
are  taught  a  useful  lesson,  without  being 
involved  in  any  fatal  ill  consequences. — 
Moliere,  Les  Preaeuses  Ridicules  (1659). 

Cathulla,  king  of  Inistore  (th« 
Orkneys)  and  brother  of  Coma'la  (q.v.). 
Fingal,  on  coming  insight  of  the  palace, 
observed  a  beacon-flame  on  its  top  as 
signal  of  distress,  for  Frothal  king  of 
Sora  had  besieged  it.  Fingal  attacked 
Frothal,  engaged  him  in  single  combat, 
defeated  him,  and  made  him  prisoner. — 
Ossian,  Carrick-Ttiura, 

Cat'iline  (3  syl.),  a  Roman  patrician, 
who  headed  a  conspiracy  to  overthrow  the 
Government,  and  obtain  for  himself  and 
his  followers  all  places  of  power  and 
trust.  The  conspiracy  was  discovered  by 
Cicero.  Catiline  escaped  and  put  himself 
at  the  head  of  his  army,  but  fell  in  the 
battle  after  fighting  with  desperate 
daring  (b.c.  62).  Ben  Jonson  wrote  a 
tragedy  called  Catiline  (1611),  and  Vol- 
taire, in  his  Rome  Sauve'e,  has  introduced 
the  conspiracy  and  death  of  Catiline 
(1752). 

Ca'to,  the  hero  and  title  of  a  tragedy 
by  J.  Addison  (1713).  Disgusted  with 
Caesar,  Cato  retired  to  U'tica  (in  Africa), 
where  he  had  a  small  republic  and 
mimic  senate ;  but  Caesar  resolved  to 
reduce  Utica  as  he  had  don#  the  rest  of 
Africa,  and  Cato,  finding  resistance 
hopeless,  fell  on  his  own  sword. 

Tho'  stern  and  awful  to  the  foes  of  Room, 
He  is  all  goodness,  Lucia,  always  mild. 
Compassionate,  and  gentle  to  Lis  friends  | 
Filled  with  domestic  tenderness. 

Act  ?.  1. 
When  Barton  Booth  [1713]  first  appeared  as  "  CaM," 
Bolingbroke  called  him  into  his  box  and  gave  him  fifty 
guineas  for  defending  the  cause  of  liberty  so  well  again*! 
a  perpetual  dictator. — Life  of  Adduan. 

He  is  a  Cato,  a  man  of  si«npl*  habits, 
severe  morals,  strict  justice,  and  Wwni 
speech,  but  of  undoubted   integnty  »»ul 


CATULLUS. 


171 


CAVE  OF  ADLLLAM. 


patriotism,  like  the  Roman  censor  of  that 
name,  the  grandfather  of  the  Cato  of 
Utica,  who  resembled  him  in  character 
and  manni 

Cato  and  Sort  nVtus.  Cato  of  Qtica's 
second  wife  was  Isnrtia  daught*  r  of 
Philip.  He  allowed  her  to  live  with  hi* 
friend  Hortensius,  and  after  the  death  of 
Hortenaini  took  her  back  again. 

[Sultans]  dont  mirw  at  Ml  with  the  wise  Roman, 

Bard  How, 

Who  lent  hi*  lady  to  hi*  Mood  HoTtanthn. 

Hyron,  Ihiii  Juan,  u.  7  (1821). 

Catullus.    Lord  Byron  calls  Thomas 
Monro  the  "  British  Catullus,''  referring 
to  a  volume  of  amatory  poems  pnl 
in     1808,     under    the     pseudonym    of 

"Thomas  Little." 

Tls  Little  !  young  Catullus  of  his  day. 
As  sweet  hut  m  Immoral  as  bis  lay. 
Byron,  English  llariU  mid  .Scotch  /levirwert  (1809). 

The  Oriental  Catullus,  Saadi  or  Sadi, 
a  Persian  poet.  He  married  a  rich 
merchant's  daughter,  but  the  marriage 
was  an  unhappy  one.  His  chief  works 
are  The  Qviistan  (or  "garden  of  ro 
and  The  Boston  (or  "garden  of  fruits"), 
(1176-1291). 

Cau'cline  Forks,  a  narrow  pass  in  the 
mountains  near  Capua,  now  called  "the 
Valley  of  Arpaia."  Here  a  Roman  army 
under  the  consuls  T.  Vetu'rius  Calvi'nus 
and  S|i.  Postu'mius  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Sam'nites  (2  s;//.),  and  were  made  to 
"  pass  under  the  yoke." 

Cau'dlo  (Mrs.  Margaret),  a  curtain 
lecturer,  who  between  eleven  o'clock  at 
night  and  seven  the  next  morning,  deli- 

for  thirty  years  a  curtain  lecture  to 

her  husband  Job  <  Saudle,  generally  a  most 

gentle  listener ;  if  he  replied,  she  pro- 
i  him  insufferably  rude,  and  if  he 
did  not  he  was  insufferably  sulky. — 
Douglas  Jerrold,  1'unch  ("The  Caudle 
Papers"). 

Cau'liuo  (Sir),  a  knight  who  served 
the  wine  to  the  ki  1.      He  fall 

in  love  with  Christabelle  (3  syl.),  the 
daughter,  and  she  became  his 
troth-plight  wife,  without  her  father's 
knowledge.  When  the  kinu'  knew  of  it, 
he  banished  sir  Cauline  \  iter  a 

time  the  Boldain  asked  the  lady  in 
e,  but  sir  < 'auline  challenged  his 
rival  and  slew  him.  Be  himself,  however. 
died  of  the  wounds  he  had  received,  and 
the  lad]  Christabelle,  out  of  grief,  ' 
I  in   twayue."     Pi 

*•<  i.l. 


Cau'rus,  the  stormy  west-north-west 
wind  ;  called  in  1 1 

Tbegr  .  'aurus  searorl. 

iflolmce.  u.  (17481 

Caustic,  <'f  thi  •   paper, 

was  the  signature  of  Mr.  S*  ■ 

Christopher  Cau  tic,  the  pseudonym  of 
Thomas  (ireen  Feasenden,  auth  r  of 
Terrible  Tractoration,  u.  Budibrastic  poem 
(1771-1887). 

>,  a  fine  gentlen  t 

the     last     century,     v.:  i     the 

ice. —  Iknry 
Mackenzie,  in  J 

Ca'va  or  daughter 

Julian.  It  was  the  violation  of  Cava  by 
Roderick  that  brought  about  the  war 
between   the  Goths  and  the    Moore,  in 

which  Roderick  was  slain  (a.d.  711). 

Cavalier  (77*  i.      i  tmont, 

called  by  the  Fn  J Kun 

(1728  1810).  Charles  Breydel,  the 
Flemish  landscape  painter  (1677-1744), 
Francisco    Cairo,   the    historian,    i 

naliert  del  I  .  .ban 

re,  Ijs  ( 

Bant.    Marini,    the     Italian    . 

L669  L625).  Andrew  .V 
I:  748). 

*#*  James  Francis  Edward  Stuart,  the 
"Old  Pretender,"  was  styled  / 
de     St.     George  .      <  haries 

Edward,   the   •■  J  udi  r,"    «as 

St  \  led      Thi  1  ht 

Young  Cavalier  (li 

Cavalier  Servente,  same  a^  the 
Bpanisl  .  an   Italian  epitl 

a  young  gentleman  who  plays  the  gal 

hint  to  a  married  woman,  BSOOrtS  her 
to  places  of  public  amUM  Blent,  calls  her 
coach,  hands  her  to  supper,  bin  s  hi  r  bou- 
quets and  opera  I . 

li.'  nuiy  munic  his  amatory  cart 
As  cavalier  «•■- 

<m  Juan.  111.  '.'4  1830). 

Cavall'.     "  kin^    Arthur's    hoi  ' 

■  mouth."- 
King  (*'  Enid  "). 

Cavo  of  Athil'lain.  ■  cave  in 
which  I  *a\  id  took  i 

from  king  Saul  ;    and   t 

him  "  e\  er\  one  thai  «  as  in  distn 

every  one  that  WM  in  debt,  and  e\  ■ 

that  « a-  discontent*  ,3      LI, '.'). 

Mr.  John   Bright  called  thi  I 

'    mi    party    Adull'am 

1  tint   Lowe  and  Horaman.  like 
David  in  i 


CAVE  OF  MAMMON. 


172 


CELIA. 


jogether  all   the    discontented,   and    all 
that  were  politically  distressed. 

Cave  of  Mammon,  the  abode  of 
the  god  of  wealth.  The  money-god  first 
appears  as  a  miser,  then  becomes  a  worker 
of  metals,  and  ultimately  the  god  of  all 
the  treasures  of  the  world.  All  men  bow 
down  to  his  daughter  Ambition. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  7  (1590). 

Cave  of  Montesi'nos,  about  sixty 
feet  in  depth,  in  the  heart  of  La  Mancha. 
So  called  because  Montesinos  retired 
thither  when  he  quitted  the  French  court 
on  account  of  some  insult  offered  to  him. 
Cervantes  makes  Don  Quixote  visit  it, 
and  it  is  now  often  resorted  to  by  shep- 
herds as  a  shelter  from  the  cold  or  rain. 

Cav'endish,  author  of  Principles  of 
Whist,  and  numerous  guide-books  on 
games,  as  Be'zique,  Piquet,  Ecarte', 
Milliards,  etc.  Henry  Jones,  editor  of 
"Pastimes"  in  The  Field  and  Tlie  Queen 
newspapers  (1831-        ). 

Cavendish.  Square  (London),  so 
called  from  Henrietta  Cavendish,  wife  of 
Edward     second    earl    of    Oxford    and 

Mortimer  (built  1718). 

Cawther  (Al),  the  lake  of  paradise, 
the  waters  of  which  are  sweet  as  honey, 
cold  as  snow,  and  clear  as  crystal.  He 
who  once  tastes  thereof  shall  never 
thirst  again. — Al  Koran,  cviii. 

The  righteous  having  surmounted  the  difficulties  of  life, 
»nrl  having  passed  the  sharp  bri.lt't-  ["'  sir.it],  will  he 
refreshed  by  drinking  at  the  pond  of  their  prophet,  the 
waters  of  which  are  supplied  from  al  Cawthar.  .  .  .  This 
Is  the  firit  taste  which  the  blessed  will  have  of  their  future 
lut  near-approacbing  felicity. — Sale,  Al  Kordn  ("The 
Preliminary  Discourse."  iv.J. 

Cax'on  (Old  Jacob),  hairdresser  of 
Jonathan  Oldbuck  ("the  antiquary") 
of  Monkbarns. 

Jenny  Caxon,  a  milliner  ;  daughter  of 
Old  Jacob.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Caxton  (Pisiitratun),  the  hero  of  Bul- 
wer's  novel  The  Caxtons,  and  the  feigned 
author  of  the  sequel  to  it  entitled  My 
tTovt  I,  as  well  as  of  the  essays  collected 
together  under  the  name  of  Caxtoniana. 

Ceca  to  Mecca  (From),  from  pillar 
to  post.  To  saunter  or  ramble  from  Ceca 
to  Mecca  is  a  Spanish  proverb,  meaning  to 
roam  about  purposelessly  or  idly.  Ceca 
and  Mecca  are  two  places  visited  by 
Mohammedan  pilgrims. 

**  Let  us  return  homo,"  said  Sancho.  "  nor  longer  ramblo 
from  Ceca  to  Mecca." — Cervantes,  Don  QuUote,  I.  iii.  4 
{MOM. 


Cecil,  the  hero  of  a  novel  so  called  by 
Mrs.  Gore  (1790-1861). 

Cecil's  Fast,  an  Act  of  Parliament 
by  W.  Cecil,  lord  Burleigh,  to  enjoin  the 
eating  of  fish  on  certain  days.  The 
object  of  this  Act  was  to  restore  the  fish 
trade,  which  had  been  almost  ruined  by 
the  Reformation.  Papists  eat  fish  on 
fast-days,  and  at  the  Reformation  the 
eating  of  fish  being  looked  on  as  a  badge 
of  bad  faith,  no  one  was  willing  to  lie 
under  the  suspicion  of  being  a  papist, 
and  no  one  would  buy  fish. 

Cecilia  (St.),  the  patroness  of  musi- 
cians and  "inventor  of  the  organ."  The 
legend  says  that  an  angel  fell  in  love 
with  Cecilia  for  her  musical  skill,  and 
nightly  brought  her  roses  from  paradise. 
Her  husband  saw  the  angel  visitant,  who 
gave  to  both  a  crown  of  martyrdom. 

Thou  seem'st  to  me  like  the  angel 
That  brought  the  immortal  roses 
To  St.  Cecilia's  hriih.l  chamber. 

Longfellow,  The  OoUien  Legend. 

Ce'dric,  a  thane  of  Rotherwood,  and 
sumamed  "  the  Saxon." — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Cel'adon  and  Amelia,  lovers 
of  matchless  beauty,  and  most  devoted 
to  each  other.  Being  overtaken  by  a 
thunderstorm,  Amelia  became  alarmed, 
but  Celadon,  folding  his  arm  about  her, 
said,  "  'Tis  safety  to  be  near  thee,  sure  ;  " 
but  while  he  spoke,  Amelia  was  struck 
by  lightning  and  fell  dead  in  his  arms. 
— Thomson,  Tlie  Seasons  ("  Summer," 
1727). 

(Celadon,  like  Chloe,  Celia,  Lesbia, 
Daphne,  etc.,  may  be  employed  to 
signify  a  lady-love  generally.) 

Cele'no  or  Celse'no,  chief  of  the 
harpies. 

There  on  a  craggy  stone 
Celeno  hung,  and  made  his  direful  moan. 
Giles  Fletcher,  Chritt't  Triumph  [on  Earth],  (J 6]  8) 

Celes'tial  City  (The).  Heaven  u 
so  called  by  John  Bunyan,  in  his  Pilgrim'$ 
Progress  (1678). 

Celes'tial  Empire,  China,  bo 
called  because  the  first  emperors  were 
all  "  celestial  deities  :  "  as  Puon-Ku 
('•  highest  eternity"),  Tien-Hoang  (" em- 
peror of  heaven"),  Ti-Hoang("  emperor  of 
earth  "),Gine-Hoang("  emperor  of  men"), 
etc.,  embracing  a  period  of  300,000  years 
previous  to  To-hi,  whose  reign  is  placed 
B.C.  2953-2838. 

Ce'lia,  daughter  of  Frederick  the 
usurping  duke,  and  cousin  of  Roa'alind, 


CELIA. 


173 


CENTAUR 


daughter  of  the  banished  duke.  When  K"- 

salind  was  driven  from  htir  uncle'- 

Celia  determined  to  go  with  lier  to  the 
■f  Arden  to  seek  on]  the  banished 

dnke,    and     for    security    sake,     I: 

clothes  and  called  her- 
self "  Gan'imed,"  while  (eli.i  dressed  as 
a  peasant  irirl  and  called  herself 
"  AliSna. "  When  they  reached  Anion 
they  lodged  fur  a  time  in  a  shepherd's 
hut,  and  Oliver  dc  Hoys  was  Bent  to  tell 
:h.  in  that  his  brother  Orlando  was  hurt 
and  could  not  come  to  the  hut  as  usual. 
I  diver  and  Celia  fell  in  love  with  each 
Other,  and    their   wedding   day  was  fixed. 

Ganimed  resume. 1  the  dress  of  Rosalind] 
and  the  two  brothers  married  at  the  same 
time. — Shakespeare,  As  l'uu  Like  It 
(1698). 

i,  a  girl  of  16.  in  Whitehead'! 
comedy  of   77m?  8choo*  for   Loners,     It 

was  written  expressly  for  Mrs.  Cihher, 
daughter  of   l»r.  Arne. 

Mr*.  Clbbfcr  waa  at  Ijir  time  more  than  Ni  year.  o]i|.  but 
tin-  Dneommon  tpnmetn  ind  -t:..:  proportion  in  her 
f'.rm.  » ith  bar  ringnuu  rfi 

the  chars,  icr  ■•(  tba  juviiiiU-  ;t|.|«*rance 

■Mufcffll  t>)-  the  author.  —  PvWi  .Iikc^m. 

Cc'lii,  a  poetical  name  for  any  lady- 
love:  as   "Would  you    know   my   (tlia's 

charms  .  .  .V"  Not  (infrequently 
Btnph'on  is  the  wooer  when  Celia  is  the 
WOOed.  Thomas  Carew  calls  his  "sweat 
Meeting "  Celia;  her  real  name  is  not 
known. 

i  (I'liintA,  mother  of  Faith,  Hope, 
ami  Charity.     She   lived   in    the   hospice 
called  Holiness.    (Celia  is  from  Che  Latin, 
<./'///(,     "  heaven.")  —  Spenser, 
Q*em,  i.  10  (1690). 

Col'idon,  the  scene  of  on.-  of  Arthur's 

lied  "  Celidon  the- 

."  and  said  tn  l.e  Tweeddale. 
Celyddon  was  a  common  term  fnr  a 
British  f<  i 

Celimeno  (.'1  <y/.),  a  coquette  courted 
by  Aicestc  (2  tyl.)  the  "  misanthropi 

good  man,  both  upright  and  manly, 

hut  blonl  in  behaviour,  rude  in  speech, 
sod  unconventional).  Alceste  wants  <  V- 
limene  to  forsake  society  and  live  with 
him   in  seclusion  ;   this  she  n 

and  he  replies,  as  you  cannot  find,  "tout 
en  moi,  comme  moi  tout  en  vous,  tiles, 

I  le  then  proposes  to  her 

cousin  1  liante  '■'(  sy/.),  hut   l 

him  she  i*  already  eng  friend 

Phi  lint*  and   so  the  play  ends. — 

H 

"Ccluu.  nc"  in  Uolii  :> 


i    is    a    mere    dummy.       She  is 
. lly  towards 
tin-  en. i  of  the  play,  but  nei 

word.  a  *ui>ernumerury  of  no 

mce  at  all. 

Celin'da, the  victim  of  count  Fa) 
seduction.—  Smollett,      Cuunt      i  . 

int  placed  an  Kollan  bop  '.«  I.cr  !--!n«n.  and 
"the  string  no 

tfaan  tbi  I  -   furtli  a  •traun  of  »<•;  . 

rmruailiiKljr   ilrlitfhtful    than    Ui«  a 

ind  all  the  com 
i..(  /attoia. 

Collide  (2  tyl.),  he!  lentbM 

and  his  son  Francil  !v  naturally 

prefers  the  younger  man. — Heaumont  anil 

Fletcher,  M  ;*  (1619). 

Celt.     Tennyson  calls   the  irritahility 

of  the  lrisli  an.i  Welsh 

Tlie  blind  hjuterlci  of  Uic  (ML 

In  Jlemortam  til. 

Celtic  and  Ibe'rian  Fields  ( The), 

France  and  Spain. 

Roving  tfae  C«ltlc  and  (barton  fl.-l.lt 

>  .  j.  ik'  (1GUI. 

Celtic  Homer  (1  ..  said 

to  he  of  the  third  oenj 

I:  0      ...  ll>.. I  At  the  introdurtlnn  of  Chrbtlanlrjr,  a»  by 
all  aPPMI  .  - 

...  I  am- 
calla  (son  of  Seve'rua,  en  .  and  tbr  (.tills 

...  ■  ' 

1 

1  oian   lis  r'uigjU  •  a.i, 
ObMHMbj 

Cenci.     Francesco   <  Yuci  was   S 
profligate    Jo .man    noble,  who    had     (our 

ind  one  daughter,  all  of  whom  he 
treated  with  abominable  cruelty,     it   is 
said  that   he  assassinated  ! 
sons  and  debauched  hisdaug]  I 
Beatrice  and  her  two  surviving  hi 
with    Lucretaa   (their  mothei 
against   Francesco  and  accomplisl  - 
death,  hut  all  except  the  yout 
perished   on  the  >  S   ;  tembei  1 1, 

1601. 

It  has  been  doubted  whether  the  fam- 
ous  portrait  in   the    I'.arherini   pel 
Rome  I"  really  of  i 
whether  Quido  Kein  »  i<  the  pail 

.ailed 

I  '      -.niMcCni,     the     inhabits]  I         ' 
Norfolk.  Suffolk, and  Cambrid 

',   a  human   form 
from    t 


CENTURY  WHITE. 


174 


CHALYBES. 


downwards.     Like  the  Ogri,  he  fed   on 
human  fUsh. 

"  Shepherds,"  said  he,  "  I  am  the  Blue  Centaur.  If  you 
will  give  me  every  third  year  a  young  child,  I  promise  to 
bring  a  hundred  of  my  kinsmen  and  drive  the  Ogri  away." 
...  He  [the  Blue  Centaur]  used  to  appear  on  the  top  of 
a  rock,  with  his  club  In  one  hand  .  .  .  and  with  a  terrible 
voice  cry  out  to  the  shepherds,  "  Leave  me  my  prey,  and 
be  off  with  you ! "  —  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Talet 
I"  Princess  CarpUlona,"  1682). 

Cen'tury  White,  John  White,  the 
nonconformist  lawyer.  So  called  from 
his  chief  work,  entitled  The  First  Cen- 
tury of  Scandalous,  Malujnant  Priests, 
etc.  (1590-1645). 

Ce'phal  (Greek,  Kephale),  the  Head 

?ersonified,  the  "acropolis"  of  The  Purple 
sland,   fully    described    in  canto   v.   of 
that  poem,  by  Phineas  Fletcher  (1633). 

Ceph'alus  (in  Greek,  Kepluilos). 
One  day,  overcome  with  heat,  Cephalus 
threw  himself  on  the  grass,  and  cried 
aloud,  "  Come,  gentle  Aura,  and  this 
heat  allay  ! "  The  words  were  told  to  his 
young  wife  Procris,  who,  supposing  Aura 
to  be  some  rival,  became  furiously 
jealous.  Resolved  to  discover  her  riral, 
she  stole  next  day  to  a  covert,  and  soon 
saw  her  husband  come  and  throw  himself 
on  the  bank,  crying  aloud,  "  Come,  gentle 
Zephyr ;  come,  Aura,  come,  this  heat 
ailay!"  Her  mistake  was  evident,  and 
she  was  about  to  throw  herself  into  the 
arms  of  her  husband,  when  the  young 
man,  aroused  by  the  rustling,  shot  an 
arrow  into  the  covert,  supposing  some 
wild  beast  was  about  to  spring  on  him. 
Procris  was  shot,  told  her  tale,  and  died. 
— Ovid,  Art  of  Love,  iii. 

(Cephalus  loves  Procris,  i.e.  "  the  sun 
kisses  the  dew."  Procris  is  killed  by 
Cephalus,  i.e.  "  the  dew  is  destroyed  by 
the  rays  of  the  sun.") 

Ceras'tea  (3  syl.),  the  horned  snake. 
(Greek,  keras,  "a  horn.")  Milton  uses  the 
arord  in  Paradise  Lost,  x.  525  (1665). 

Cerberus,  a  dog  with  three  heads, 
which  keeps  guard  in  hell.  Dante  places 
it  in  the  third  circle. 

Cerberus,  cruel  monster,  fierce  and  strange, 
Through  his  wide  threefold  throat  barks  as  a  dog  .  .  . 
His  eyes  glare  crimson,  black  Its  unctuous  beard, 
Its  lielly  large,  and  clawed  the  hands  with  which 
It  tears  the  spirits.  Hays  them,  and  their  limbs 
Piecemeal  disparts. 

IMnte.  Hell,  vt  (1300,  Carys  translation). 

Cer'don,  the  boldest  of  the  rabble 
leaders  in  the  encounter  with  Hu'dibras 
at  the  bear-baiting.  The  original  of  this 
character  was  Ilewson,  a  one-eyed  cobbler 
and  preacher,  who  was  also  a  colonel  in 
the  Rump  arniv. — S.  Butler,  lludibras, 
L  2  (1663). 


Ce'res  (2  syl.),  the  Fruits  of  Harvest 
personified.  In  classic  mythology  Cere*) 
means  "  Mother  Earth,"  the  protectress  of 
agriculture  and  fruits. 

Ce'res,  the  planet,  is  so  called  because  it 
was  discovered  from  the  observatory  of 
Palermo,  and  Ceres  is  the  tutelar  goddeai 
of  Sicily. 

Ceret'tick  Shore  {The),  the  Car- 
digan coast. 

.  .  .  the  other  floods  from  the  Cerettlck  short 
To  the  Virginian  sea  [•/.».),  contributing  their  store 
Drayton,  Folyolbutn,  vi.  (161S), 

Cer'imon,  a  physician  of  Ephesua, 
who  restored  to  animation  Thaisa,  the 
wife  of  Per'icles  prince  of  Tyre,  sup- 
posed to  be  dead. — Shakespeare,  Pericles 
Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

Chab'ot  {Philippe  de),  admiral  of 
France,  governor  of  Bourgoyne  and  Nor- 
mandy under  Francois  I.  Montmorency 
and  the  cardinal  de  Lorraine,  out  of 
jealousy,  accused  him  of  malversation, 
his  faithful  servant  Allegre  was  put 
to  the  rack  to  force  evidence  against  the 
accused,  and  Chabot  was  sent  to  prison 
because  he  was  unable  to  pay  the  fine 
levied  upon  him.  His  innocence,  how- 
ever, was  established  by  the  confession  of 
his  enemies,  and  he  was  released  ;  but 
disgrace  had  made  so  deep  an  impression 
on  his  mind  that  he  sickened  and  died. 
This  is  the  subject  of  a  tragedy  entitled 
The  Tragedy  of  Philip  Chabot,  etc.,  by 
George  Chapman  and  James  Shirley. 

Chad/band  {The  Rev.  Mr.),  type  of 
a  canting  hypocrite  "in  the  ministry." 
He  calls  himself  "a  vessel,"  is  much 
admired  by  his  dupes,  and  pretends  to 
despise  the  "carnal  world,"  but  never- 
theless loves  dearly  its  "  good  things," 
and  is  most  self-indulgent. — C.  Dickens, 
Bleak  House  (1853). 

Chaffington  {Mr,  Percy),  M.P.,  a 
stock-broker. — T.  M.  Morton,  If  I  had  a 
Thousand  a  Year. 

Chalbrook,  the  giant,  the  root  of 
the  race  of  giants,  including  Polypheme 
(3  By  I.),  Goliath,  the  Titans,  Fierabras, 
Gargantua,  and  closing  with  Pantag'ruel. 
He  was  born  in  the  year  known  for  it  a 
"week  of  three  Thursdays." — Rabelais, 
Pantatjrucl,  ii.  (1533). 

Chal'ybes  (3  syl.),  a  people  on  the 
south  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  who  occu- 
pied themselves  in  the  working  of  iron. 

On  the  left  hand  dwell 
The  Iron-workers  called  the  Chalybes, 
Of  whum  beware. 

E.  B.  Browning,  ProineUteut  Bound  !  18*01 


CHAM. 


175 


CHANTICLEER. 


Cham,  the  pseudonym  of  comte 
Amc'de'e  de  Noc,  a  peer  of  France,  a  great 
wit,  and  the  political  caricaturist  of 
Charivari  (the  French  Punch).  The  count 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  French 
Republic  in  1870.  As  Cham  or  Ham  was 
the  second  son  and  scapegrace  of  Noah, 
bo  Ame'dc'c  was  the  second  sun  ami  scape- 
grace of  the  comte  de  Noe  [AWi]. 

Cham  of  Literature,  the  Great,  a  nick- 
name given  to  Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  by 
Bmollett  in  a  letter  to  John  Wilkes  (1709- 
1784). 

Cham  of  Tartary,  a  corruption 
of  Chan  or  Khan,  i.e.  "lord  or  prince," 
as  Boccota  Chan.  "  Ulu  Chan"  means 
"great  lord,"  "ulu"  being  equal  to  the 
Latin  tnaijnus,  and  "  chan  "  to  domimis  or 
imperdtur.  Sometimes  the  word  is  joined 
to  the  name,  as  Chan-balu,  Cara-chan, 
etc.  The  Turks  have  also  had  their 
"  Sultan  Murad  chan  bin  Sultan  Selim 
chan,"  i.e.  Sultan  Murad  prince,  son  of 
Sultan  Selim  prince. — Selden,  Titles  of 
Honour,  vi.  CG  (1672). 

Cham'berlain  (Matt7iew),  a  tapster, 
the  successor  of  Old  Roger  Raine  (1  syt.). 
— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Pevcril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Chamont,  brother  of  Monimia 
"the  orphan,"  and  the  troth -plight 
husband  of  Scri'na  (daughter  of  lord 
Acasto).  He  is  a  soldier,  so  proud  and 
susceptible-  that  he  is  for  ever  taking 
offence,  tti:d  setting  himself  up  as  censor 
oi  champion.  He  fancies  his  sister 
Monim'ia  has  lost  her  honour,  and  calls 
her  u»  taik.,  but  finds  he  is  mistaken. 
He  '/.-flcitfi  1  er  guardian,  old  Acasto,  has 
not  b*eu  sufficiently  watchful  over  her,  and 
draws  open  him  in  his  anger,  but  sees  his 
folly  Juit  in  time  to  prevent  mischief.  He 
fancies  Cajtalio,  his  sister's  husband,  has 
ill-tre*ted  her,  and  threatens  to  kill  him, 
but  his  suspicions  are  again  altogether 

erroneous.  In  fact.  Ins  presence  in  the 
house  y/hm  like  that  of  a  mad  man  with 
fire-brands  in  a  stack-yard. — Otwav,  The 
Orphan.  (1G80). 

There  tin  characters  In  which  he  [C.  M.  Voting]  \» 
oiinwiii.j  and  almost  perfect    Hti  "Pierre"  ( i  .-.!<<■« 

•J,  Otwn>|  is  mora  •oldlerljr  than  Kemble^i 
I  hamont"  Li  full  ..f    hr,  thiTiv  pride,  noble  Ini- 

..   and  heroic  Korn. — N»u    'Munihiy  it 

Champagne  [Henry  earl  of),  a 
Broader.  Sir  w  .  Bcott,  V'/„-  Tmiaman 
(ume,  Richard  [.). 

Cham'porne]',  a  lame  old  gentle- 
Ban,  the  nuaband  of  Lami'ra,  and  son- 


in-law  of  judge  VertaJgne  (2  syl.). — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Little  French 
Lawyer  (1647). 

Champion  and  Severall.  A 
"champion"  is  a  common,  or  land  in 
allotments      without      enclosures.       A 

rail  "  is  a  private  farm,  or  land 
enclosed  for  individual  DSd,  A  "cham- 
pion" also  means  one  who  holds  an  open 
allotment  or  "  champion." 

More  profit  la  quieter  (bond 
(Whan  pastnrea  In  severall  be) 

Of  one  seely  acre  of  ground. 
Than  champion  makatn  of  three. 

Aeain  what  a  joy  It  U  known 

Whan  man  maj  ba  iwid  of  their  owr.  I 

Tusser,  Mr?  Hundred  I',  intt  of  Oved 
Husbandry.  1U1.  22. 

Again  : 

The  champion  differs  from  teveral.  much 
For  want  of  |iarlitlon,  cloider.  and  such. 

Tusser  (iiilr.).  (16071. 

Champion  of  the  Virgin.  St. 
Cyril  of  Alexandria  is  so  called  from  his 
defence  of  the  "  Incarnation"  or  doctrine 

of  the  "hypostatic  union,"  in  the  long 
and  stormy  dispute  with  Nesto'riua 
bishop  of  *  onstantinople. 

ChampneyB 
lized  old  country  gentleman,  who  believes 
in  "blue  blood  "and  the  ••  British 
age."     Father  of  Talbot,  and  neighbour 
of  Perky  n  Middlewick,  a  retired  butter 
man.     The  Bons  of  these  two  magnates 
are  fast  friends,  but  are  turned  adrift   by 
their  fathers  for  marrying  in  op] 
to  their  wishes.     When  reduo 
poverty,   the    < <1<  1    men    go    to   v i > i t  their 
sons,  relent,  and  all  ends  happily. 

Talbot  Champneys,  a  swell  with  few- 
brain,  and  no  energy.  His  name,  which 
was  his  passport1  Into  society,  would  not 
find  him  in  salt  in  the  battle  of  lit.  . 
He  marries  Mary  Melrose,  a  _'irl  v. 
a  penny,  but  his  lather  wanted  him  to 
marry  Yioiet  the  hcir---s. 

Min  Champneys,  sir  Geoffry'a   - 

proud   and   aristocratic,  but  quite  willing 

co  sacrifice  both  on  the  altar  of  Mr. 
Perkyn  Middlewick,  the  butterman,  if 
the   wealthy   plebeian  would  mak< 

his    wife,    and     allow    lnr    to    spend    his 

money. — H.  J.  Byron,  Our  1 

I  1  andOB  IIOUSO  (Cavendish  S.jti.irr, 
I. on, 1, .n  |,  so  .-ailed    from   being  thi 

Brydges,  duke  of  Chan- 
dos,  generally  called  "  The  Princelj 
Chandoa." 

Chandoa   Street.     (See    Cuuhkh 

[g]   A\I>S.) 

Chan'tioleor  (3  syl.),  the  cock,  la 


CHAONIAN  BIRD. 


176 


CHARLEMAGNE,  ETC. 


the  beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498), 
and  also  in  "The  Nonne  Preste's  Tale," 
told  in  The  Canterbury  Tales,  by  Chaucer 
(1388). 

Chaon'ian  Bird  (The),  the  dove; 
so  called  because  doves  delivered  the 
oracles  of  Dodona  or  Chaon'ia. 

But  the  mild  swallow  none  with  toils  infest. 
And  none  the  soft  Chaonian  bird  molest 

Ovid,  Art  of  Love,  1L 

Chaonian  Food,  acorns,  so  called  from 
the  oak  trees  of  Dodona,  which  gave  out 
the  oracles  by  means  of  bells  hung 
among  the  branches.  Beech  mast  is  so 
called  also,  because  beech  trees  abounded 
u.  the  forest  of  Dodona. 

Chapelle  Aventureuse,  the 
place  where  Launcelot  had  his  second 
vision  of  the  "Beatific  Cup."  His  first 
was  during  his  fit  of  madness. 

Slumbering,  he  saw  the  vision  high, 
He  might  not  view  with  waking  eye. 

Sir  W.  Scott,  Slarmion  (1808). 

Characters  of  Vathek's  Sabres. 
"Like  the  characters  of  Vathek's  sabres, 
they  never  remained  two  days  alike." 
These  sabres  would  deal  blows  without 
being  wielded  by  man,  obedient  to  his 
wish  only. — W.  Beckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Charalois,  son  of  the  marshal  of 
Burgundy.  When  he  was  28  years  old, 
his  father  died  in  prison  at  Dijon,  for 
debts  contracted  by  him  for  the  service 
of  the  State  in  the  wars.  According  to 
the  law  which  then  prevailed  in  France, 
the  body  of  the  marshal  was  seized  by 
his  creditors,  and  refused  burial.  The 
eon  of  Charalois  redeemed  his  father's 
body  by  his  own,  which  was  shut  up  in 
prison  in  lieu  of  the  marshal's. — Philip 
Massinger,  The  Fatal  Dowry  (1632). 

(It  will  be  remembered  that  Milti'adcs, 
the  Athenian  general,  died  in  prison  for 
debt,  and  the  creditors  claimed  the  body, 
which  they  would  not  suffer  to  be  buried 
till  his  son  Cimon  gave  up  himself  as 
a  hostage.) 

Char'egite  (3  syl.).  The  Charegite 
assassin,  in  the  disguise  of  a  Turkish 
marabout  or  enthusiast,  comes  and  dances 
before  the  tent  of  Richard  Co;ur  de  Lion, 
and  suddenly  darting  forward,  is  about 
to  stab  the  kiug,  when  a  Nubian  seizes 
dis  arm,  and  the  king  kills  the  assassin 
on  the  spot. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Charicle'ia,the/an<^eof  Theag'enes, 
in  the  Greek  romance  called  The  Loves  of 


TJieagenes  and  Charicleia,  by  Heliodo'ros 
bishop  of  Trikka  (fourth  century). 

Chari'no,  father  of  Angelina.  Charino 
wishes  Angelina  to  mam-  Clodio,a  young 
coxcomb ;  but  the  lady  prefers  his  elder 
brother  Carlos,  a  young  bookworm. 
Love  changes  the  character  of  the  diffi- 
dent Carlos,  and  Charino  at  last  accepts 
him  for  his  son-in-law.  Charino  is  a 
testy,  obstinate  old  man,  who  wants  tc 
rule  the  whole  world  in  his  own  wav. — 
C.  Cibber,  Love  Makes  the  Man  (1694). 

Chariva'ri.  In  the  middle  ages  a 
"charivari"  consisted  of  an  assemblage 
of  ragamuffins,  who,  armed  with  tin  put  a 
and  pans,  fire-shovels,  and  kettles, 
gathered  in  the  dark  outside  the  house  oi 
any  obnoxious  person,  making  the  night 
hideous  by  striking  the  pots  against  the 
pans,  and  howling  "  Haro !  haro  !"  or  (in 
the  south)  "Hari!  hari  !"  In  1563,  the 
Council  of  Trent  took  the  matter  up,  and 
solemnly  interdicted  "  charivaries  "  under 
pain  of  excommunication ;  nevertheless, 
the  practice  continues  in  France  to  this 
day,  notably  in  the  village  of  La  Rus- 
cade. 

In  East  Lavant,  near  Chichester,  be- 
tween 1869  and  1872,  I  have  witnessed 
three  such  visitations  made  to  different 
houses.  In  two  cases  the  husband  had 
bullied  his  wife,  and  in  one  the  wife  had 
injured  her  husband  with  a  broomstick. 
The  visitation  in  all  cases  was  made  for 
three  successive  nights,  and  the  villagers 
assured  me  confidently  that  the  "  law  had 
no  power  to  suppress  these  demonstra- 
tions." 

Charlemagne  and  His  Pala- 
dins. This  series  of  romances  is  of 
French  origin  ;  as  the  Arthurian  is  Welsh 
or  British.  It  began  with  the  legendary 
chronicle  in  verse,  called  .Historia  de  Vita 
Carola  Mm/ni  et  liolandi,  erroneously  at- 
tributed to  Turpin  archbishop  of  Rheims 
(a  contemporary  of  Charlemagne),  but 
probably  written  200  or  300  years 
later.  The  chief  of  the  seri-v»  are  ~Hwm 
of  Bordeaux,  (iuerin  de  MoncjPxve,  Gay- 
len  Jthetore  (in  which  Charlemagne  and 
his  paladins  proceed  in  mufti  to  the  Holj 
Land),  Allies  and  Ames,  Jairdain  de 
lilaves,  Doolin  de  Mayence,  Oyier  le 
Danais,  and  Maxujis  the  Enchanter. 

Chartemai/ne's  Stature.  We  are  told 
that  Charlemagne  was  "eight  feet  high," 
and  so  strong  that  he  could  "  straighten 
with  his  hands  alone  three  norse-shoM 
at  once."  His  diet  and  his  dress  wew 
both  as  simple  as  possible. 


CHARLEMAGNE  OF  SKRVIA.        177 


CHARLES'S  WAIN. 


ChariemagnJa  Nine  U'<     .-  (l)  Hamil- 

t  rmlf,  a  | r  iri  nchwoman,  who  bore  him 

■even]  children.  (-)  Deaidera'ta,  who 
was  divorced.  (3)  Hildegarde.  (I;  Fas- 
trade,  daughter  of  count  Rodolph  the 
Saxon.  (6)  Luit^arde  the  German.  The 
last  three  dit-d  before  him.  (6)  Malte- 
garde.  (7)  Gersuinde  the  Saxon.  (8) 
Regtna,     (9)   Adalinda. 

Charlmtagiuft  Sword,  La  JoyeiiHc. 

Chariemagnt  and  the  Ring,  Pasquier 
says  that  Charlea  le  Grand  fell  in  love 
with  a  peasant  ^irl  [Agatha],  in  whose 
society  he  seemed  bewitched,  insomuch 
Hiatal!  matters  of  state  were  neglected 
by  him  ;  but  the  ^irl  died,  to  the  great  joy 
of  ail.  What,  however,  was  ti 
nient  of  the  court  to  and  that  the  king 
seemed  no  less  bewitched  with  the  dead 
body  than  he  had  been  with  the  living,  and 
spent  all  day  and  night  with  it,  even  when 
its  smell  was  quite  offensive.    Archbishop 

Tnipin  felt  convinced  there  was  sorcery 
in  this  Strange  infatuation,  and  on  ex- 
amining  the   body,    found    a    ling    under 

the  tongue,  which  lie  removed.  ( 
magne  now  Lost  all  regard  for  the  dead 
body  ;  bat  followed  Turpin,  with  whom 
he  seemed  infatuated.  The  archbishop 
now  bethought  him  of  the  ring,  which  he 
threw  into  a  pool  at  Aix,  where  Charle- 
magne built  a  palace  and  monastery,  and 
no  spot  in  the  world  had  such  attractions 

for  hiin  BS  Ai\  Is  Chapelle,  where  "the 
rin^'"  was  buried. — Recherchet  dc  la 
France,  vi.  33. 

Charlemagne  not  dead.    According  to 

legend,  Charlemagne  waits  crowned  ami 

armed  in  ( rdenbere  ( Hem  i  or  I  ntersberg, 

-  tltsbnrg,  till  the  time  id  antichrist, 

when  he  will  wake  up  ami  deli\  er  <  'hri.stcn- 

ilom.     (Sec  Barbabossa.) 

,  /  Years  of  Plenty.    Ac- 
•  to  German  legend,  Charlemagne 

appears  in  seasons  of  plenty.      He  CI 
tile  Rhine  on  a  golden  bridge,  and  i 

both  com-flelds  ami  vineyardB. 

Tfaoa  Rtaod*  t,  like  lmi«rl»l  Charlemagne, 
t  i- .ii  thy  hridjre  uf  Hold. 

DOW,  A  utumn. 

Charlemagne  of  Sorvi.i,  8 

an. 
Charlea  II.  of  England,  Introduced 
by    sir    W.    Scott     in    two    i 

.':   and     \\      dsi  I" 

".hi*    latter    he    appears     tirst    us    a 

i  H  ards   under  the   name 

lis  Keroeguy  (Albert  !••  • 

Charles  XII.  of  Sweden.    "  Deti  r- 

mnud  to   brave  I  as  he   had 

douc  )  .   Charles   XII.  ventured 


to    make   long    marches   durinr   the    netd 

of  the  memorable  winter  of  1709.     In  <<n* 
of  these  m  a  I  of  his  men  dieJ 

from  the  cold. 

Or  lear-<  -i]inu  thoumndj  bore. 

Marched  !■>  (ticlr  Char  '  -hort; 

The  Sw.  i  .  ■  »r>«<]  In,  but 

Coiiii>LkU.  m  i)-.  a.  (lrvo* 

(Planche   has    an  historical    drama,    in 
two  acts,    called    ' 

at  XII.,  by  Volt 

sidered     to    he    one     of    the  ■ 

historical  works  in  the  French  1  a;i_ 

Charles  "the  Bold,  •"  l.ur- 

gundy,   introduced   by   sir  W,  Scott  ia 

two    novels,    viz.,  /    and 

Aims  of  Ueierstein,       I 

contains    an    account     of    the     battle     of 
Nancy,  where  Charles  was  slain. 

Charles  prince    f  Wales  (called  " 
riiarlcs"),  son  of  .lames  I.,  introduced  by 

.-ir  \V.  Scott  in   The  1 

■  .  id,"  ear!  of  Flandetx. 
In    1127  he   passed  a   law   thai    « 
married    a    serf    should     become    a 
thus    if     a    prince    married     a     -erf,     the 

prince  would  become  a  serf.    This  . 
law  caused  his  death,  an  1  I 
the  best  blood  is  Bragi  -.    3.  K 
/  Bntget  ■ 

Charles  Edward  [Stu.xrt], called 
M  The  Chevalier  Prinot  Iward, 

the    foung   Pretender,"   introduced    by  sir 

Jcott    in     R  { 
III.),    first    as    "  latin  t  :ura," 

tfterwards  lor  to    the 

British  crown."     He  is  again  intr 
in    H  .  II.). 

Charles  Emmanutd.  i 
Amade  9  irdini.i.      In 

L780  liis  father  abdicated,  b  it 

later  wanted  Ins   son  to  : 

again.    This  he  refused  to  do;  u  I 
Victor  plotted    against    him,    I  ■  I  l         i 

■    the  old    man,   and   he 
died.      Charles  was  lira- 

minded,    and    truthful,     l:.    Browning, 
King  Vict  <r  v*l  : 

jlation 
called 

,  burl's 

or     l  i' 

further  corrupted   Into   "King  Charles's 

wain." 

LB  lb*  n.*  fi.ur  b)  h»Ji#»4. 

«*in    U  or«r   ti.  ■  — rUxtkip— 1% 

1    Urn    l  IT.   Kl  II.  If.    1      I 

l>>uWl  lie  not  ben  I'"'  "lJn- 

■  Ossat 


CHAKLEY.  178 


Charley  {A),  an  imperial,  or  tuft  of 
hair  on  the  chin. 

A  tuft  of  hair  on  his  chin,  termed  grandiloquently  an 
••  imperial,"  but  familiarly  a  "Charley.  —R.  M.  Jephson, 
The  dirt  He  Left  behind.  Him.  1.  5. 

Charley,  plu.  Charlies,  an  old 
watchman  or  "  night  guardian,"  before 
the  introduction  of  the  police  force  by 
sir  Robert  Peel,  in  1829.  So  called  from 
Charles  I.,  who  extended  and  improved 
the  police  system. 

Chariot,  a  messenger  from  Liege  to 
Louis  XI. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  L>ur- 
uard  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Charlotte,  the  faithful  sweetheart  of 
young  Wilmot,  supposed  to  have  perished 
atsea. — Geo.  Lillo,  ratal  Curiosity  (1736). 

Charlotte,  the  dumb  girl,  in  love  with 
Leander ;  but  her  father,  sir  Jasper, 
wants  her  to  marry  Mr.  Dapper.  In 
order  to  avoid  this  hateful  alliance,  Char- 
lotte pretends  to  be  dumb,  and  only 
answers,  "  Han,  hi,  ban,  hon."  The 
"mock  doctor"  employs  Leander  as  his 
apothecary,  and  the  young  lady  is  soon 
cured  by  "  pills  matrimoniac."  In 
Moliere's  Le  Me'decin  Malgn'  Lui,  Char- 
lotte is  called  "  Lucinde."  The  jokes  in 
act  ii.  6  are  verbally  copied  from  the 
French. — H.  Fielding,  The  Mock  Doctor. 

Charlotte,  daughter  of  sir  John  Lam- 
bert, in  llic  Hypocrite,  by  Is.  Bicker- 
staff  (1768) ;  in  love  with  Darnley.  She 
is  a  giddy  girl,  fond  of  tormenting  Dam- 
ley  ;  but  being  promised  in  marriage  to 
Dr.  Cantwell,  who  is  59,  and  whom  she 
utterly  detests,  she  becomes  somewhat 
eobered  down,  and  promises  Darnley  to 
become  his  loving  wife.  Her  constant 
exclamation  is  "  Lud  !  "  In  Moliere's 
comedy  of  Tartuffe,  Charlotte  is  called 
"  Mariane,"  and  Darnley  is  "  Valere." 

Charlotte,  the  pert  maid-servant  of  the 
countess  Wintersen.  Her  father  was 
"  state  coachman."  Charlotte  is  jealous 
of  Mrs.  Haller,  and  behaves  rudely  to 
her  (see  act  ii.  3). — Benjamin  Thompson, 
The  Stranger  (1797). 

Char'lotte,  servant  to  Sowerberry.  A 
dishonest,  rough  servant-girl,  who  ill- 
treats  Oliver  Twist,  and  robs  her  master. 
— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Charlotte  (Lady),  the  servant  of  a  lady 
bd  called.  She  assumes  the  airs  with  the 
name  and  address  of  her  mistress.  The 
servants  of  her  own  and  other  households 
address  her  as  "  Your  ladyship, "  or 
"  lady  Charlotte  ; "  but  though  so  mighty 


CHASTE. 

grand,  she  is  "noted  for  a  plaguy  pair  of 
thick  legs." — Rev.  James  Townley,  High 
Life  Below  Stairs  (1759). 

Charlotte  Elizabeth,  whose  sur- 
name was  Phelan,  afterwards  Tonna, 
author  of  numerous  books  for  children, 
tales,  etc.  (1825-1862). 

Charlotte  Goodchild,  a  merchant's 
orphan  daughter  of  large  fortune.  She 
is  pestered  by  many  lovers,  and  hei 
guardian  gives  out  that  she  has  lost  all 
her  money  by  the  bankruptcy  of  his  house. 
On  this  all  her  suitors  but  one  call  off", 
and  that  one  is  sir  Callaghan  O'Brallaghan, 
who  declares  he  loves  her  now  as  an 
equal,  and  one  whom  he  can  serve,  but 
before  he  loved  her  "with  fear  and 
trembling,  like  a  man  that  loves  to  be  a 
soldier,  yet  is  afraid  of  a  gun." — C.  Mack- 
lin,  Love  a-la-mode  (1779). 

Char'mian,  a  kind-hearted,  simple- 
minded  attendant  on  Cleopatra.  After 
the  queen's  death,  she  applied  one  of  the 
asps  to  her  own  arm,  and  when  the  Roman 
soldiers  entered  the  room,  fell  down 
dead. — Shakespeare,  Antony  and  Cleopatra 
(1608). 

Char'teris  [Sir  Patrick)  of  Kin- 
fauns,  provost  of  Perth. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Chartist  Clergyman  (The),  Rev. 
Charles  Kingsley  (1809-1877). 

Chartre  {Le  billet  qu'  a  la),  the 
promise  of  a  candidate  to  those  he  can- 
vasses. The  promise  of  a  minister  or 
prince,  which  he  makes  from  politeness, 
and  forgets  as  soon.  Ah,  le  ban  billet  qu'  a 
la  Chartre. — Ninon  de  Lenclos. 

Charyllis,  in  Spenser's  pastoral 
Colin  Clout's  Come  II  ime  Again,  is  lady 
Compton.  Her  name  was  Anne,  and  she 
was  the  fifth  of  the  six  daughters  of  sir 
John  Spenser  of  Althorpe,  ancestor  of 
the  noble  houses  of  Spenser  and  Marl- 
borough. Edmund  Spenser  dedicated  to 
her  his  satirical  fable  called  Mother 
Hubbard's  Tale  (1591).  She  was  thrice 
married,  her  first  husband  was  lord  Mont- 
eagle,  and  her  third  was  Robert  lord 
Buckhurst  (son  of  the  poet  Sackville), 
who  succeeded  his  father  in  1608  as  earl 
of  Dorset. 

No  less  praiseworthy  are  the  sisters  three. 
The  honour  of  the  noble  family 
Of  which  l  meanest  t»<>:i*t  rajiail  to  be,  ,  .   , 
Phyllis,  Charyllis,  and  sweet  Amaryllis: 
rtnlhs  the  fnir  Is  illicit  of  the  three, 
The  next  to  her  is  bountiful  Charyllis. 

Oolin  Oout't  Come  Home  Again  flSMV 

Chaste   {The),   Alfonso   II.    of    A* 


CHASTITY. 


179 


CHEERYBLE  BRO  I HKR3. 


turias  and  Leon  (758,  791-835  abdicated, 
died  842). 

Chastity  (Tests  of):  Alasnam'a 
mirror,  Arthur's  drinking-horn,  thi 
mantle,  ratting  the  brawn's  head,  Flori- 
mel's  girdle,  the  horn  of  fidelity,  la  coupe 
enchante'e,  the  mantle  of  fidelity,  the 
grotto  of  Fphesus,  etc.  (See  CakaDOC, 
and  each  article  named.) 

Chateau  en  Espagne.  (See 
Castle  in  the  Aik.) 

Chatookee,     an     Indian    bird,  that 
never  drinks  at  a  stream,  but  catches  the 
ain-drops   in   falling. — Period,    Account 
of  the  Baptist  Missionaries,  ii.  309. 

Leas  pure  Ui.in  thess  Is  that  strange  Indian  bird. 
Win.  never  dipt  In  e.irtlily  streams  her  bill. 

But,  when  the  sound  of  coining  iboiran  la  heard, 
Looks  up.  and  from  the  clouds  raeAlTfli  ha  till. 

Southey,  Curte  of  Kchamo,  xxi.  6  (1S09). 

Chat'tanach  (M'UUlie),  chief  of  the 
clan  (hattan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Chat'terley  (Iiev.  Simon),  "the  man 
of  religion  "  at  the  Spa,  one  of  the  manag- 
ing committee. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  St. 
Bonan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Chaubert  (Mons.),  Master  Chif- 
finch's  cook. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Chaucer  of  France,  Clement 
Marot  (1484-1541). 

Chau'nus,  Arrogance  personified  in 
The  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(1688).  "Fondly  himself  with  praising 
he  dispraised."  Fully  described  in  canto 
viii.    (Greek,  chaunos,  "vain.") 

Chau'vinism,  a  blind  idolatry  of 
Napoleon  I.  Now  it  is  applied  to  a  blind 
idolatry  of  France  and  Frenchmen.  A 
chauvm  is  the  person  who  idolizes.  The 
word  is  taken  from  "  Chan  Yin"  in 
Senile's  Soldat  Laboureur.  a  veteran 
soldier  of  the  first  empire,  whose  admira- 
tion of  Napoleon  was  unbounded,  and 
Who  honoured  even  "the  shadow  of  his 
■hoe-tie." 

Stub  !<  the  theme.  OB  which  French  chauvinism  U 
Ineihaustlble.— Timst.  1871. 

Cheap  aa  the  Sardinians 
(Latin),  The  reference  is  t"  the  rail 
crowds  of  Bardiniao  prisoners  and  slaves 
brought  to  Koine  by  Tiberius  Gracchus. 

Cheap  Jack  moans  market  Jack  or 
Jack  the  chapman.  (Anglo-Saxon, 
"u  market,"  hence  Cheap-side.) 

Choat'ly   (2  s>jl.),  a  lewd,  imprudent 


debauchee  of  Alsatia  (Whitefriars).  He 
dares  not  leave  the  u refuge"  by  reason 
of  debt ;  but  in  the  precincts  he  tleecea 
young  heirs  of  entail,  helps  them  u> 
money,  and  becomes  bound  for  them. — 
Shadwell,  Squire  of  Alsatia  |  Li 

Che'bar,  the  I  el  of  Mary, 

sister  of  Martha  and  Lazarus  of  Bethany. 
— Klo]  .1/1,  xii.  ( 1771 ). 

Ched'eraza'do  (">  sy/.),  mother  of 
Hem'junah  ami  wife  of  Zcbene'zer 
sultan  of  Cassimir'.  Her  daughter  having 
run  away  to  prevent  a  forced  marriage 
with  the  prince  of  Georgia,  whom  she  had 
never  seen,  the  sultana  pined  away  and 
died.— Sir  C.  Morel]  [J.  Ridley],   i 

>  nii  ("  Princess  of  Caasimir,"  talo 
vii.,  1751). 

Chederles  (8  ayl.),  a  Moslem  hero, 
who,  like   St.    Ge<  tge,  da    virgin 

exposed  to  the  tender  mercies  of  a  huge 
dragon.  He  also  drank  of  the  water.-,  of 
immortality,  and  lives  to  render  aid  in 
war  to  any  who  invoke  it. 

'•  oomci 
To  aid  the  Moslem  on  bu  deiithlra  boras, 
.  .  .  as  [i/J  he  had  new!? 
The  hhliU-n  waters  uf  eternal  routh. 

8outhey,  Joan  of  A  re.  vl.  30-i,  etc  (1837). 

Cheeney  (Frank),  an  outspoken 
bachelor.  He  marries  Kate  Tyson. — 
Wybert  Reeve,  Parted. 

Cheerly'  (Mrs.),  daughter  of  colonel 
Woodley.  After  being  married  three 
years,  she  was  left  a  widow,  young,  hand- 
some, rich,  lively,  and  -  came 
to  London,  and  was  seen  in  the  opera  by 
Frank  lleartall,  an  open-hearted,  im- 
pulsive young  merchant,  who  fell  in 
love  with  her,  and  followed  her  t"  her 
lodging.      Ferret,  the  villain 

misinterpreted  all  the  kind  actions  of 
Frank,  attributing  his  gifts  to  hush- 
money  ;  but  his  character  was  amply  vin- 
dicated, and  "the  soldi  r'« 
became  hi-*  blooming  wife.-  -Cherry, 
The  Soldier' t  I 

Miss  o  ' 
i  M    '    11. e    Widow 

filial  Ij  *     • 

Cheeryble  Brother 

v  at  ions 

of  all    that    i^   warni-h 

and    kind.      1  he)    "  i  n 
home;'  Doing  about 

and   when  they  gn  w  to   i* 

wealthy    London   merchants,   were    even 

ready  to  st retell  forth  a  helping  hand  to 

ling   against   the  bulletn  at 

fortune 


CHEESE. 


180 


CHESTER  MYSTERIES. 


Prank  CJiceryble,  nephew  of  the  brothers 
Cheeryble.  He  married  Kate  Nickleby. 
— C.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Cheese.  The  "  ten  topping  guests." 
(See  Cisley.) 

Cheese  (Dr.),  an  English  translation 
of  the  Latin  Dr.  Caseus,  that  is,  Dr.  John 
Chase,  a  noted  quack,  who  was  bom  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  and  died  in  that  of 
queen  Anne. 

Cheese-Cakes.  Sir  W.  Scott,  allud- 
ing to  the  story  of  "  Nour'eddin'  Ali  and 
.'Bed'reddin'  Hassan,"  in  the  Arabian  Nights' 
Entertainments,  makes  in  four  or  five 
lines  as  many  blunders.  The  quotation  is 
from  The  Heart  of  Midlothian. 

8he,  i.e.  Effie  Deans,  amused  herself  with  visiting  the 
dairy  ,  .  .  and  was  near  discovering  herself  u>  Miiry 
Hetley  by  betraying  her  acquaintance  with  the  celebrated 
receipt  for  Pimlop  cheese,  that  she  compum!  heneU  to 
Bedredilin  Hassan,  whom  the  rizicr  his  fttOtsw4strtmm 
discovered  by  his  sujierlative  skill  in  composing  cream- 
tarts  with  pe}yper  in  ttiem. 

(1)  It  was  not  "cream-tarts"  but 
cheese-cakes.  (2)  The  charge  was  that  he 
made  cheese-cakes  without  patting  pepper 
in  them,  and  not  "  cream-tarts  with 
pepper."  (3)  It  was  not  "  the  vizier  his 
father-in-law,"  but  the  widow  of  Noitr- 
eddin  Ali  and  the  mother  of  Bedreddin, 
who  made  the  discovery.  She  declared 
that  she  herself  had  given  the  reeci pi  to 
her  son,  and  it  was  known  to  no  one  else. 

Chemistry  (Hie  Father  of),  Arnaud 
de  Villeneuve  (1238-1314). 

Che'mos  (ch=  k),  god  of  the  Moabites; 
also  called  Baal-Pe'or;  the  Pria'pus  or 
idol  of  turpitude  and  obscenity.  Solomon 
built  n  temple  to  this  obscene  idol  "in 
the  hill  (hat  is  before  Jerusalem " 
(1  Kings  xi.  7).  In  the  hierachy  of  hell 
Milton  gives  Chemos  the  fourth  rank  :  (1) 
Satan,  (2)  Beelzebub,  (3)  Moloch,  (4) 
Chemos. 

Nest  Chemos,  the  ob 'scene  dread  of  Moab's  sons  . 
Peiir  his  .4l.tr  name. 

Paradise  Lost,  406,  413  (16G5). 

Cheq'uers,  a  public-house  sign  ;  the 
arms  of  Fitz-Warren,  the  head  of  which 
house,  in  the  days  of  the  Plantagcnets, 
was  invested  with  the  power  of  licensing 
vinters  and  publicans. 

Tlie  Chequers  of  Abingdon  Street,  West- 
minster, the  bearing  of  the  earls  of 
Arundel,  at  one  time  empowered  to  grant 
licences  to  public-houses. 

Cherone'an  ( The)  orTiiK  Chebone'- 
m   Sauk    (ch=k),    Plutarch,   who   was 


born  at  Cha;rone'a,  in  Bceo'tia  (a.d.  46- 
120). 

This  praise,  0  Cheroaean  sage.  Is  thine  I 

Beattie,  Minstrel  (1773). 

Cher'ry,  the  lively  daughter  of  Boni- 
face, landlord  of  the  inn  at  Lichfield. — ■ 
Geo.  Farquhar,  The  Beawt1  Stratagem 
(1705).     (See  Cheky.) 

Cherry  (Andrew),  comic  actor  and  dra- 
matist (1762-1812),  author  of  The  Soldier's 
Daughter,  All  for  Fame,  Two  StriwjS  to 
your  Bow,  The  Village,  S/ximsh  Dollars, 
etc.  He  was  specially  noted  for  his  e»- 
cellent  wige. 

Shall  sapient  managers  new  scenes  produce 
From  Cherry.  Ski-mngton.  tad  Mnth.-r  Ooo—t 
Byron,  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

***  Mother  Goose  is  a  pantomime  by 
C.  Dibdin. 

Cher'sett  (Anglo-Saxon,  chirch-sett, 
or  "church-seed,"  ecclesio?  semen),  a  cer- 
tain quota  of  wheat  annually  made  to  the 
Church  on  St.  Martin's  Day. 

All  that  measure  of  wheat  called  chenett— Deed  of  Gift 
to  Boxgrore  Priory  (near  Chichester). 

Cher'ubim  (Don),  the  "bachelor  of 
Salamanca,"  who  is  placed  in  a  vast 
number  of  different  situations  of  life,  and 
made  to  associate  with  all  classes  of 
society,  that  the  authors  may  sprinkle 
his  satire  and  wit  in  every  direction. — 
e,  The  Bachelor  of  Salamanca 
(1737). 

Cher'y,  the  son  of  Brunetta  (who  wan 
the  wife  of  a  king's  brother),  married 
his  cousin  Fairstar,  daughter  of  the  king. 
He  obtained  for  his  cousin  the  time 
wonderful  things :  The  dancing  water, 
which  had  the  power  of  imparting 
beauty  ;  the  singing  'i/>ji/c,  which  had  the 
power  of  imparting  wit;  andthelitt  •  i 

bird,  which  had  the  power  of  telling 
secrets. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("The  Princess  Fairstar,"  1682). 

Ches'ter  (Sir  John),  a  plausible, 
foppish  villain,  the  sworn  enemy  of 
Geoffrey  Haredale,  by  whom  he  is  killed 
in  a  duel.  Sir  John  is  t lie  father  of  Hugh, 
the  gigantic  servant  at  the  Maypole  inn. 

ard  Chester,  son  of  6ir  John,  and 
the  lover  of  Emma  Haredale. — C.  Dickens, 
Barnaby  Rud-je  (1841). 

Chester  Mysteries,  certain  miracle- 
plays  performed  at  Chester,  composed  in 
1600,  1604,  1607,  and  printed  in  1843  for 
the  Shakespeare  Society,  under  the  care 
of  Thomas  Wright.  (Sec  Townklky 
Mysteries.) 


CHESTERFIELD. 


L81      CHICKENS  A.\I>  THE  AUGURS. 


Chesterfield  (Charles),  a  young 
man  of  genius,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  Mrc.Trollope  (1841).  The  object 
of  this  novel  is  to  satirize  the  state  of 
literature  in  Kngland,  and  to  hold  up  to 
censure  authors,  editors,  and  publishers, 
as  profligate,  selfish,  and  corrupt. 

Chesterfield  House  (London), 
built  by  Isaac  Ware  for  Philip  fourth 
earl  of  Chesterfield,  author  of  Chester- 
fields Letters  to  Hit  Son  (16°-4-1773). 

Chesterton  (Paul),  nephew  to  Mr. 
Percy  Chaffington,  stock-broker  and  M.P. 
— T.  M.  Morten,  If  I  had  a  Thousand  a 
Year  (1704-1838). 

Chevalier  d'Industrie,  a  man 
who  lives  by  his  wits  and  calls  himself  a 
"gentleman." 

Dtnicheur  do  fauvettes,  chavalier  (le  l'ordre  de  I'lndus- 
trie,  qui  va  cherchcr  quelque  lion  nid.  quei<|iie  femme  qui 
lui  taste  aa  fortunw. — Oonyam  ou  L'homine  ProUijieux 
(1713). 

Chevalier  Malfet  (Le).  So  sir 
Launcelot  calls  himself  after  he  was  cured 
of  his  madness.  The  meaning  of  the 
phrase  is  "The  knight  who  has  done  ill," 
or  "The  knight  who  has  trespassed." — 
Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Art/air, 
iii.  20  (1470). 

Cheveril  (Hans),  the  ward  of  Mor- 
dent, just  come  of  age.  Impulsive, 
generous,  hot-blooded.  He  resolves  to 
be  a  rake,  but  scorns  to  be  a  villain. 
However,  he  accidentally  meets  with 
Joanna  "the  deserted  daughter,"  and 
falls  in  love  with  her.  He  rescues  her 
from  the  clutches  of  Mrs.  Enfield  the 
crimp,  and  marries  her. — Holcroff,  The 
Deserted  Daughter  (altered  into  The 
Steward). 

The  part  that  placed  mo  [  Walter  lacy]  1"  the  position 
of  a   light    cormilLin    w:ls    "  t'heveril,*'  In    TKt  Stucird. 

■tend  from  Holaroffi  Dmiltt  Uuujhter.—Vi.  Lacy, 
Utter  to  If.  C.  liutsvll. 

Chevy  Chase  is  not  the  battle  of 
Otterburn,  although  the  two  are  mixed 
up  together  in  the  Ballad  bo  called,  <  levy 
Chase  is  the  chase  of  the  earl  of  Douglas 
among  "  the  Chyviat  Hyls"  after  Percy 
of  Northumberland,  who  hail  vowed  "he 
would    hunt  there   three    days    without 

asking  the  warden's  consent." 

The  Pcnrf  OWt  ol  North larlumlo. 

Ah. I    I 

Thai  he  wolds  I l.  m  it,,  Miountaynj 

oirchviiai  trithln  dsyi 
In  iiiiiiii.it  of  doughtt)  IiokIus 

And  all  that  wuh  him  be. 

l'crcy,  SsHgtKtj  I.  I.  1. 

ChibiaTjos,  the  Harmony  of  Nature 


personified ;  a  musician,  the  friend  at 
Hiawatha,  and  ruler  in  the  land  of  spirits. 
When  he  played  on  his  pipe,  the  "brooks 
:  to  murmur,  the  wood-birds)  to  sing, 
the  squirrel  to  chatter,  and  the  rabbit  sat 
upright  to  look  ami  listen."  He  was 
drowned  in  lake  Superior  by  the  breaking 
of  the  ice. 

Most  bclored  by  Hiawatha 
«  i  the  isntleChttri 
He  the  best  of  all  musician*. 
He  the  met!  ' 

Longfellow,  lliaw  it.Vi,  vt  and  XT 

Chicaneau  [She'. kn.no'],  a  litigious 
tradesman,  in  Les  Flaideurs,  by  Kacine 
(1068). 

Chich'i-Vache  (3  syl.),  a  monster 
that  fed  only  on  good  women.  The  word 
means  the  "  sorry  cow."  It  was  all  skin 
and  bone,  because  its  food  was  so  ex- 
tremely scarce.     (See  B-YCORH.) 

full  of  beJgb  prudence. 
Let  niKin  huiniliiie  y-.ur  tongAs  nnyle  .  .  . 
Lest  Chichi- V I  ti  her  entralle. 

Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  ["  Merchant's  Tale."  1888). 

Chick  (Mr.),  brother-in-law  of  Mr. 
Dombey ;  a  stout  gentleman,  with  a 
tendency  to  whistle  and  hum  airs  at  in- 
opportune moments.  Mr.  Chick  is  some- 
what hen-peeked;  but  in  the  matrimonial 
squalls,  though  apparently  beaten,  he  not 
unfreijiiently  rises  up  the  superior  and 
gets  his  own  way. 

Louisa   ChicA,  Mr.  Dombey's  married 

sister.  She  is  of  a  snappish  temper,  but 
dresses  in  a  most  juvenile  style,  and  is 
persuaded  that  anything  can  Ik-  accom- 
plished if  persons  will  only  "make  an 
effort."  —  C.  Dickens,  Dvinhcy  and  8on 
(1846). 

Chicken  (The),  Michael  A 
Taylor,  barrister,  so  called  because  in  his 
maiden  speech,  1786,  he  said,  "  1  deliver 
this  opinion  with  great  deference,  bving 
but  a  chicken  in  the  profession  of  the 
law." 

Chicken  (  The  dame),  a  low  fellow,  to  be 
heard  of  at  the  bar  of  the  Black    I 
Mr.  Toots  selects  this  man  ao  his  instruc- 
tor in  fencing,  betting,  and  self-di 
The  thicken   has   short   hair,  a   Ion 

i  broken  nose,  and  "a  considerable 
tract  of  bare  and  sterile  country  behind 
each  ear."— C.  Dickens,  DuinUy  ami  Son 
(1846). 

Chickens  and  the  Auprurs. 
When  the  augurs  told  Publius  Claudius 
Pulcher,  the  Roman  consul,  who  was 
about,  to  engage  the  Carthaginian  fleet, 
that  the  sacred  chickens  would  not  eat,  he 


CHICKENSTALKER. 


182 


CHILDREN. 


replied,   "Then  toss  them  into  the  sea, 
that  they  may  drink." 

Chick'enstalker  (Mrs.),  a  stout, 
bonny,  kind-hearted  woman,  who  keeps  a 
general  shop.  Toby  Veck,  in  his  dream, 
imagines  her  married  to  Tugby,  the 
porter  of  sir  Joseph  Bowley. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Chimes  (1844). 

Chick'weed  (Conkey,  i.e.  Nosey), 
the  man  who  robbed  himself.  He  was  a 
licensed  victualler  on  the  point  of  failing, 
and  gave  out  that  he  had  been  robbed  erf 
827  guineas  "  by  a  tall  man  with  a  black 
patch  over  his  eye."  He  was  mucn 
pitied,  and  numerous  subscriptions  were 
made  on  his  behalf.  A  detective  was 
•ent  to  examine  into  the  "  robbery,"  and 
Cliickweed  would  cry  out,  "There  he  is !  " 
and  run  after  the  "hypothetical  thief" 
for  a  considerable  distance,  and  then  lose 
sight  of  him.  This  occurred  over  and 
over  again,  and  at  last  the  detective  said 
to  him,  "  I've  found  out  who  done  this 
here  robbery."  "Have  you?"  said 
Chickweed.  "Yes,"  says  Spyers,  "you 
done  it  yourself."  And  so  he  had.— -C. 
Dickens,  Oliver  Twist,  xxxi.  (1*37). 

Chaffinch.  (Master  Thomas),  alias 
Will  Smith,  a  friend  of  Richard  Gan- 
lesse  (2  syl.).  The  private  emissary  of 
Charles  II.  He  was  employed  by  the 
duke  of  Buckingham  to  carry  off  Alice 
Bridgenortfa  t<>  Whitehall,  but  the  captive 
escaped  and  married  Julian  Pevcril. 

Kate  Chiffinch,  mistress  of  Thomas  Chif- 
finch. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Chignon  [Shln.yony~\,  the  French 
valet  of  Miss  Alscrip  "the  heiress."  A 
silly,  affected,  typical  French  valet-de- 
chambre. — General  Burgovue,  The  llaress 
(1718). 

Chi'lax,  a  merry  old  soldier,  lieu- 
tenant to  general  Memnon,  in  Paphos. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Mad  Loner 
(1617). 

Child.  The  notes  of  this  bank  bear  a 
marigold,  because  this  (lower  was  the 
trade-mark  of  "  Blanchard  and  Child." 
The  original  "  marigold  "  is  still  to  be 
seen  in  the  front  o.'lice,  with  the  motto 
Ainsi  man  ame.- — See  First  London  direc- 
tory, 1677. 

Child  ( The),  Bettina,  daughter  of  Maxi- 
mihune  Breutano.  So  called  from  the 
title  of  her  book,  Goethe's  Correspondence 
%-ith  a  Chill. 

Child   of  Nature  (The),  a  play  by 


Mrs.  Inchbald.  Amantis  is  the  "  child  of 
Nature."  She  was  the  daughter  of  Al- 
berto, banished  "  by  an  unjust  sentence," 
and  during  his  exile  he  left  his  daughter 
under  the  charge  of  the  marquis  Alman/a. 
Amantis  was  brought  up  in  total  ignorance 
of  the  world  and  the  passion-principles 
which  sway  it,  but  felt  grateful  to  her 
guardian,  and  soon  discovered  that  what 
she  called  "gratitude"  the  world  calls 
"  love."  Her  father  returned  home  rich, 
his  sentence  cancelled  and  his  innocence 
allowed,  just  in  fcime  to  give  his  daughter 
in  marriage  to  his  friend  Almanza. 

Child  of  the  Cord.  So  the  defend- 
ant was  called  by  the  judges  of  the 
Vehm-Kcricht,  in  Westphalia;  because 
every  one  condemned  by  the  tribunal  was 
hanged  to  the  branch  of  a  tree. 

Child-King.  Shakespeare  says, 
"  Woe  to  that  land  that's  governed  bv  a 
child  !  "  (Richard  III.  act  ii.  sc.  3). 

Woo  to  tlioe.  O  land,  when  thy  king  U  a  child  1— 
Bcele*.  X.  16. 

Childe  Harold,  a  man  sated  with 
the  world,  who  roams  from  place  to  place, 
to  kill  time  and  escape  from  himself. 
The  "childe"  is,  in  fact,  lord  Byron 
himself,  who  was  only  22  when  he  began 
the  poem,  which  was  completed  in  seven 
years.  In  canto  i.  the  "childe"  visits 
Portugal  air!  Spain  (1809) ;  in  canto  ii. 
Turkey  in  Europe  (1810)  ;  in  canto  iii. 
Belgium  and  Switzerland  (1810)  ;  and  in 
canto  iv.  Venice,  Rome,  and  Florence 
(1817). 

("Childe"  is  a  title  of  honour,  about 
tantamount  to  "  lord,"  as  childe  Waters, 
childe  Rolands,  childe  Tristram,  childe 
Arthur,  childe  Childers,  etc.) 

Chil'ders  (E.  W.  /?.),  one  of  the 
riders  in  Sleary's  circus,  noted  for  his 
vaulting  and  reckless  riding  in  the  cha- 
racter of  the  "  Wild  Huntsman  of  the 
Prairies."  This  compound  of  groom 
and  actor  marries  Josephine,  Sleary's 
daughter. 

K '  aider minster  Childers,  son  of  the 
above,  known  in  the  profession  as 
"  Cupid."  He  is  a  diminutive  boy,  with 
an  old  face  and  facetious  manner  wholly 
bevond  his  years. — C.  .Dickens,  Hard 
Times  (1854). 

Children  (The  Hennebery).  It  is  sai<i 
that  the  countess  of  Henneberg  railed  at  n 
beggar  for  having  twins,  and  the  beggar, 
turning  on  the  countess,  who  was  42 years 
old,  said,  "  May  you  have  as  many 
children  as  there  are  days  in  a  year,"  and 


CHILDREN  IN  THE  WOOD. 


183 


CHIRON. 


sure  enough  on  Good  Friday,  1276,  the 
countess  brought  forth  3(>5  at  one  birth  ; 
all  the  males  were  christened  John,  and 
all  the  females  Elizabeth.  They  were 
buried  at  a  village  near  La  Hague,  and  the 
jug  is  still  shown  in  which  they  were 
baptized. 

Children  in  the  Wood,  the  little 
son  (three  years  old)  and  younger 
daughter  (Jane),  left  by  a  Norfolk  gentle- 
man on  his  death-bed  to  the  care  of  his 
deceased  wife's  brother.  The  boy  was  to 
have  £300  a  year  on  coming  of  age,  and 
the  girl  £500  as  a  wedding  portion  ;  but 
if  the  children  died  in  their  minority  the 
money  was  to  go  to  the  uncle.  The 
uncle,  in  order  to  secure  the  property, 
hired  two  ruffians  to  murder  the  children, 
but  one  of  them  relented  and  killed  his 
companion;  then,  instead  of  murdering 
the  babes,  he  left  them  in  Wayland  Wood, 
where  they  gathered  blackberries,  but 
died  at  night  with  cold  and  terror.  All 
tilings  went  ill  with  the  uncle,  who 
perished  in  gaol,  and  the  ruffian,  after  a 
lapse  of  seven  years,  confessed  the  whole 
Tillainy. — Percy,  Reliqnes,  III.  ii.  18. 

Children  of  the  Mist,  one  of  the 
branches  of  the  MacGrcgors,  a  wild  race 
of  Scotch  Highlanders,  who  had  a  skir- 
niish  with  the  soldiers  in  pursuit  of  Dal- 
getty  and  M'Eagh  among  the  rocks 
(ch.  14). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mont- 
rose (time,  Charles  I.). 

Chillip  {Dr.),  a  physician  who  at- 
tended Mrs.  Copperfield  at  the  birth  of 
David. 

He  was  die  meekest  of  tils  set,  the  mildest  of  little  men. 
— C.  Dickens.  David  Coi-i»:rftvld.  1.  11849). 

Chillon'  {Prisoner  of),  Francois  do 
Bonnivard,  of  Lunes,  tho  Qenevese  pa- 
triot (1496-1571),  who  opposed  the  enter- 
prises of  Charles  III.  (the  duke-bishop 
of  Savoy)  against  the  independence  of 
Geneva,  and  was  cast  by  him  into  tho 
prison  of  Chillon,  where  he  was  confined 
for  six  years.  Lord  Byron  makes  him 
one  of  six  brothers,  two  of  whom  died 
on  tho  battle-field  :  one  was  burnt  at 
the  .-take,  and  three  were  imprisoned 
nt  Chillon.  Two  of  the  prisoners  died, 
but  Frangois  was  Bet  at  liberty  by  the 
people  of  Berne.  —  Byron,  Prisoner  of 
Chillon  (1816). 

Chil'minar',  the  city  of  "forty 
pillars,"  built  by  the  genii  tor  a  lurking- 
place  to  bide  themselves  in.  ltalbec  was 
alno  built  by  the  genii. 


Chimene  {La  Belle)  or  Xime'na, 
daughter  of  count  Lozano  de  Gormaz, 
wife  of  the  <'id.  After  the  ('id's  death 
she  defended  Valentia  from  the  Moors 
with  great  bravery,  but  without  success. 
Corneille  and  Guilhem  de  Cantro  have 
introduced  her  in  their  tragedies,  but  the 
role  they  represent  her  to  have  taken  is 
wholly  imaginary. 

China,  a  corruption  of  Tsina,  the  ter- 
ritory of  Tsin.  The  dynasty  of  Tain 
(B.C.  256-202)  takes  the  same  position  is 
Chinese  history  as  that  of  the  Nomans 
(founded  by  William  the  Conqueror)  does 
in  English  history.  The  founder  of  the 
Tsin  dynasty  built  the  Great  Wall,  divided 
the  empire  into  thirty -six  provinces,  and 
made  roads  or  canals  in  every  direction, 
so  that  virtually  the  empire  begins  with 
this  dynasty. 

Chinaman  {John),  a  man  of  China. 

Cliindasuin'tho  (4  ml.),  king  of 
Spain,  father  of  Theod'ofred,  and  grand- 
father of  Roderick  last  of  the  Gothic 
kings. — Southey,  Roderick,  etc.  (1814). 

Chinese  Philosopher  (^1).  Oliver 
Goldsmith,  in  the   Citizen  of  the    H  rid, 

calls  his  book  "  Letters  from  a  Chinese 
Philosopher  residing  in  London  to  his 
Friends  in  the  East"  (1759). 

Chingachcook,  the  Indian  chief, 
called  in  French  Le  Qroa  Serpent.  Feni- 
more  Cooper  has  introduced  this  chief  in 
four  of  his  novels,  The  Last  of  t  . 
hicans.  The  Pathfinder,  The  Deersiayer, 
and  The  Pum 

Chintz   (Mary),    Miss     Bloomfield'i 

maid,  the  bespoke  of  Jem  Miller. — C. 
Selby,  'The  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Chi'os  (The  Man  of),  Homer,  who 
lived  at  Chios  [AV.os]'.  At  Least  Chios 
was  one  of  the  seven  cities  which  laid 
claim  to  the  bard,  according  to  the  Latin 
hexameter  verse : 

Smyrna.  KIkxIos,  CI  i.hon,  SalimU.  Clilo»,  Arj"" 

V«rro. 

Chirn'sido     (LvcJtie).    poulterer    at 

Wolfs     Hope    village.— Six    W.    Scott, 

fLammerm       time,  William  III.). 

Chi'ron,  »  centaur,  renowned  for  his 
skill  in  hunting,  medicine,  music,  gymnas- 
tics, and  prophecy.  Be  numbered  among 
his    pupil-,    Achillea,   Peleus,    Diomede. 

and  indeed  all  the  most  noted  heroes  of 
Grecian    story.       Janitor    took    him     ta 


CHIRRUP. 


184  CHRIST'S  VICTORY,  ETC. 


heaven,  and  made  him  the  constellation 
Sagittarius. 

...  as  Chiron  erst  had  done 
tb   that  proud  bane  of  Troy,    her   god-resembling    son 
[AthilUti 

Drayton,  Ptlyolbian.  v.  (1612), 

Chirrup  (Betsey),  the  housekeeper  of 
Mr.  Sowerberry  the  misanthrope. — W. 
Brough,  A  Phenomenon  in  a  Smock  Frock. 

Chitling  (Tom),  one  of  the  associates 
of  Fagin  the  Jew.  Tom  Chitling  was 
always  most  deferential  to  the  "Artful 
Dodger."— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist 
v1837). 

Chivalry  (The  Flower  of),  William 
Douglas,  lord  of  Liddesdale  (fourteenth 
century). 

Chlo'e  [Klo'.if],  the  shepherdess 
beloved  by  Daphnis,  in  the  pastoral 
romance  called  Daphnis  and  Chloi,  by 
Longus.  St.  Pierre's  tale  of  Paul  and 
Virginia  is  based  on  this  pastoral. 

Chlo'e  or  rather  Cloe.  So  Prior  calls 
Mrs.  Centlivre  (1661-1723). 

Chlo'ris,  the  ancient  Greek  name  of 
Flora. 

Around  your  haunts 
The  laughing  Clitoris  with  profusest  hand 
Throws  wide  her  blooms  and  odours. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  the  Ifaiadt. 

Choas'pes  (3  syl.),  a  river  of  Sueia'na, 
noted  for  the  excellency  of  its  water. 
The  Persian  kings  used  to  carry  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  it  with  them  when 
journeying,  so  that  recourse  to  other 
water  might  not  be  required. 

There  Susa.  by  Choaspcs'  amber  stream. 
The  drink  of  none  but  kings. 

Milton,  Paradise  Jleyalned,  iii.  288  (16C1). 

Chce'reas  (ch— k),  the  lover  of  Cal- 
lirrhoe,  in  the  Greek  romance  called  The 
Loves  of  Chcereas  and  Callirr/we,  by 
Char'iton  (eighth  century). 

Choke  (General),  a  lank  North 
American  gentleman,  "one  of  the  most 
remarkable  men  in  the  century."  He 
was  editor  of  The  Watertoast  Gazette, 
and  a  member  of  "The  Eden  Land 
Corporation."  It  was  general  Choke 
who  induced  Martin  Chuzzlewit  to  stake 
his  all  in  the  egregious  Eden  swindle. — 
C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Cholmondeley  [Chum'.ly~\,  of  Vale 
Royal,  a  friend  of  sir  Geoffrey  I'everil. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Cholula  (Pyramid  of),  the  great 
Mexican  pyramid,  west  of  Puebla, 
erected     in     the     reign    of    Montezuma 


emperor  of  Mexico  (1466-1520).  Ita 
base  is  1423  feet  each  side,  or  double 
that  of  the  largest  Egyptian  pyramid,  but 
its  height  does  not  exceed  164  feet. 

Choppard  (Pierre),  one  of  the  gang 
of  thieves,  called  "The  Ugly  Mug."  When 
asked  a  disagreeable  question,  he  always 
answered,  "  I'll  ask  my  wife,  my 
memory's  so  slippery." — Edward  Stirling, 
The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Choruses.  The  following  are  drud- 
ical,  and  of  course  Keltic  in  origin  : — 
"  Down,  down,  deny  down  ! "  (for  dun  I 
dun  !  dara'jon,  dun  !),  that  is,  "  To  the 
hill !  to  the  hill  !  to  the  oak,  to  the  hill  ! " 
"  Fal,  lal,  la  !  "  (tarfalla  la),  that  is,  "  The 
circle  of  day  !  "  The  day  or  sun  has  com- 
pleted its  circle.  "  Fal,  lero,  loo  !  "  (for 
fallii  lear  lu\aidli\),  that  is,  "  The  circle 
of  thesunpraise!""Hey,  nonnie, nonnie  !" 
that  is,  "  Hail  to  the  noon  !  "  "  High 
trolollie,  lollielol"  (for  ai  [or  aibhe],  trah 
la,  "Hail  early  day!  "trahta,  "early  dav," 
la  lee  [or  la  to],  "  bright  day  !  ").  "  Lilli 
burlero"  (for  Li,  li  beur,  Lear-al  buille 
na  la),  that  is,  "  Light,  light  on  the  sea, 
bevond  the  promontory  !  'Tis  the  stroke 
of  "day  !  "—All  t/ie  Year  Round,  316-320, 
August,  1873. 

Chriemhil'da.     (See  under  K.) 

Chrisom  Child  (A),  a  child  that  dies 
within  a  month  of  its  birth.  So  called 
because  it  is  buried  in  the  white  cloth 
anointed  with  chrism  (oil  and  balm),  worn 
at  its  baptism. 

He's  in  Arthur's  [A  braham'n]  bosom,  if  ever  man  went 
to  Arthur's  bosom.  'A  made  a  finer  end,  and  went  away, 
an  it  had  been  any  christum  [chrtiotn]  child.  'A  parted 
just  ...  at  turning  o'  the  tide.  (QuickC's  description  ol 
the  death  of  Falstiiff.) — Shakespeare,  Henry  V.  act  U  ac.1 

pegs). 

Why,  Mike's  a  child  to  him  ...  a  chrism  child. 

Jean  Ingelow,  Urothen  J.nd  a  Sermon. 

Christ  and  His  Apostles.  Dupuis 
maintained  that  Christ  and  His  apostles, 
like  Hercules  and  his  labours,  should  be 
considered  a  mere  allegory  of  the  sun  and 
the  twelve  signs  of  the  zodiac. 

Christ's  Victory  and  Triumphs, 
a  poem  in  four  parts,  by  Giles  Fletcher 
(1610):  Part  i.  "Christ's  Victory  in 
Heaven,"  when  He  reconciled  Justice  with 
Mercy,  by  taking  on  Himself  a  body  of 
human  flesh  ;  part  ii.  "Christ's  Triumph 
on  Earth,"  when  He  was  led  up  into  the 
wilderness,  and  was  tempted  by  Pre- 
sumption, Avarice,  and  Ambition;  part 
iii.  "  Christ's  Triumph  over  Death,"  when 
He  died  on  the  cross  ;  part  iv.  "  Christ'i 
Triumph  after  Death,"  in  His  resurrection 


CHBISTABEL. 


CHRIS 


and    ascension.       (Sit;    PARADIU     liK- 

OAINKI>.) 

Chris'tabel  (ch=k),  the  heroine  oi 

a  fragmentary  poem  of  the  same  title  by 
i       ridge. 

ChristaM,  the  heroine  of  an  ancient 
romance  entitled  Sir  Eglamow  of  Artois. 

Christabellc  [Kris'. /.«.'« •/].  daughter 
nf  "  a  bonnie  lung  "f  Ireland,"  beloved 
by  ftir  Catiline  ('-'  iyL)      When  the  king 

knew  of  their  Loves  he  banished  sir 
Cauline  from  the  kingdom.  Then  as 
ChriatabeRe  drooped  the  king  held  a 
tournament  for  hex  amusement,  every 
prise  of  frhiefa  whs  curried  off  by  en 
unknown  knight  in  black.  On  the 
last  day  came  ■  giant  with  two  "gog- 
giing  eyes,  and  monthe  from  c.ir  to 
ear,  called  the  Boldain,  and  defied  all 
comers.  No  one  would  accept  his  chal- 
lenge save  the  knight  in  black,  who 
succeeded  in  killing  bii  adversary,  bnt 
died  himself  of  the  wounds  he  hud 
received.  When  it  was  discovered  that 
the    knight    was  sir  Canline,   the  lady 

"fette  a  simile,  that  hurst  her  gentle  hearte 
iii  t\s:i\  tie."— l'crcv,  AV. ',,/!<< .v  ("Sir  Cau- 
line,"  I.  i.  1). 

Christian,  the  hero  of  P.unyan's 
Pilgrim's  P 
He  fleet  from  the  City  of  Destruction 
and  journeys  to  the  Celestial  City.  At 
starting  be  has  ■  heavy  pack  upon  his 
shoulders,  which  falls  oil  immediately  he 
reaches  the  foot  of  the  cross.  (The  park, 
irse,  is  the  bundle  of  sin,  which  is 
removed  by  the  blood  of  the  cross.    1678.) 

Man,  a   follower    of    Christ.     So 

railed  tirbt  at  Antioch.  —  At  ts  xi.  86, 

Christian,   captain  of  the  patrol  in  a 

small  German  town  in  which  Mathis  is 

Dnrgomaster.     He  marries   Annette,   the 

r's    daughter. — J.    li.    Ware, 

. 

Km.  synonym  of   "  Peasant "   in 
This  ba  i  ari  ien  from  the  abund- 
ant legislation  under  czar  Alexis  and  cxar 
the  Great  to  prevent  Christian  serfs 
from  entering  the  service  i  f  Mohammedan 
rs.    No  Christian  is  allowed  to  belong 
Mohammedan  master,  and  no  Moham- 
medan master    is  allowed  to  employ   a 
•  ian  on  hit  • 

r  I  king   ol 

i 
lians  rose  in  rebellion 

leader  a  great  battle  «  in  which 


theSwi  .  ..  torious  ;  butfiustarnfl 

the    Danes  to    return  to  their 

country.     Christian    then    abdicated,  and 

;  kingdom. 

—  II.  1. 1 

. 
; 
(2  tvl.)  and  "  -  tor." 

'  A  Uliam    Christian,    Kd ward's 

brother.     Shot  for  in-    - 

• 
of    Edward    Christian.— Sir    W.  it, 

PeverUof  the  Peak  (time,  Chadea  II.). 

Christian  mate     of     the 

Bounty,   under  the  command  of  e  I 

Bligh,    and     leader    of     the    n.ir 
After  setting  the  captain  and 
adrift.    Christian    took    command 
ship,  and,  ao  lord    Hyron,  the 

mutineers  to..k    refuge    in   the  island      f 
Toobouai  (one  i  I 

Here  Torquil,  one  of  the  mutineers,  mar- 
ried   Neilha. 

■hip  was         '   '  re  (he  mi.: 

Torquil    and    Neuha    escaped,    ai 

Bunting,  and  Skyscra] 

is  not  according  to   tact,  for  < 

merely  touched  at  Toobouai,  and 

with   eighteen    of    the    natives    and    nine 

of  the  mutineers,  tailed  for  Tahiti, 

all  Boon  died  e.\.  Smith, 

who  changed  his  name  to  Ji 

and  l"  came  a  mod<  i  j  atriarch.—  . 

iruL 

Christian    Doctor    [Most),    John 

Char.  Mil i   I  t'J'.'j. 

Christian  Eloquence  > 
of),  Louis  Bonrdal  1704). 

Christian   Kinp-  -  .    tho 

kin.;s    of    Piano  ,  m    .■• 

st)  led  by  j  n  III. 

(711  768).      Cbarh  i    II.        < 
ed  by  the  Council  of  S  i 
77).     Louis  XI.  wa 
b]  Paul  II.  (1428,  1 161   I  W 

Christ  i:i:.    i  -K     the     wH 

Christian,  a 
and  Mercy  from  the  '  Sty  of 

band's  flight.     Bl 
under  thi  Mr.  Gn  itheart, 

and  went, 

:ii»  the 
Uunyan's  Pitt/rim's  V'r.- 

Chris'tic  I  the  Clii  ■ 

rs     if  Juban  A\  • 


CHRISTIE. 


186     CHRONICLES  OF  CANON  GATE. 


tyl.). — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Chris'tie  (John),  ship-chandler  at  Paul's 
Wharf. 

Dame  Nelly  Christie,  his  pretty  wife, 
carried  off  by  lord  Dalgarno. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Christi'na,  daughter  of  Christian  II. 
king  of  Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway. 
She  is  sought  in  marriage  by  prince 
Arvi'da  and  by  Gustavus   Vasa  ;  but  the 

Erince  abandons  his  claim  in  favour  of 
is  friend.  After  the  great  battle,  in 
which  Christian  is  defeated  by  Gustavus, 
Christina  clings  to  her  father,"  and  pleads 
with  Gustavus  on  his  behalf.  He  is  sent 
back  to  Denmark,  with  all  his  men,  with- 
out ransom,  but  abdicates,  and  Sweden 
is  erected  into  a  separate  kingdom. — H. 
Brooke,  Gustavus  Vasa  (1730). 

Chris'tine  (2  syl.),  a  pretty,  saucy 
young  woman  in  the  service  of  the 
countess  Marie,  to  whom  she  is  devotedly 
attached.  After  the  recapture  of  Ernest 
("the  prisoner  of  State"),  she  goes 
boldly  to  king  Frederick  II.,  from  whom 
she  obtains  his  pardon.  Being  set  at 
liberty,  Ernest  marries  the  countess. — 
E.  Stirling,  The  Prisoner  of  State  (1847). 

Christmas  comes  but  Once  a 
Year. — Tusser,  Five  Hundred  Points  of 
Good  Husbandry  (1557). 

Christmas  Day,  called  "the  day 
of  new  clothes,"  from  an  old  French 
custom  of  giving  those  who  belonged  to 
the  court  new  cloaks  on  that  day. 

On  Christmas  Eve,  1245,  the  king  [Louit  XI.]  bade  all 
his  court  be  present  at  early  morning  mass.  At  the 
chapel  iloor  each  man  received  his  new  cloak,  put  it  on, 
and  went  in  ...  As  the  day  rose,  each  man  saw  on  his 

neighbour's  shoulder  betokened  "the  crusading  vow." 

Kitchln,  History  of  France,  1.  328. 

Chris'topher  (St.),  a  saint  of  the 
Roman  and  Greek  Churches,  said  to  have 
lived  in  the  third  century.  His  pagan 
name  was  OffSrus,  his  body  was  twelve 
ells  in  height,  and  he  lived  in  the  land  of 
Canaan.  Offerus  made  a  vow  to  serve 
only  the  mightiest ;  so,  thinking  the 
emperor  was  "the  mightiest,"  he  entered 
his  service.  But  one  day  the  emperor 
crossed  himself  for  fear  of  the  devil,  and 
the  giant  perceived  that  there  was  one 
mightier  than  his  present  master,  so  he 
quitted  his  service  for  that  of  the  devil. 
After  a  while,  Offerus  discovered  that 
the  devil  was  afraid  of  the  cross,  where- 
upon he  enlisted  under  Christ,  em- 
ploying himself  in  carrying  pilgrims 
across  a  deef  stream.     One  day,  a  very 


small  child  was  carried  across  by  him, 
but  proved  so  heavy  that  Offerus,  though 
a  huge  giant,  was  well-nigh  borne  down 
by  the  weight.  This  child  was  Jesus, 
who  changed  the  giant's  name  to  Christo- 
ferus,  "bearer  of  Christ."  He  died  three 
days  afterwards,  and  was  canonized. 

Like  the  great  giant  Christopher,  it  stands 
Upon  the  brink  of  the  tempestuous  wave. 

Longfellow,  The  Lighthfuu. 

Chronicle  (The  Saxon),  an  historical 
prose  work  in  Anglo-Saxon,  down  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  II.,  a.d.  1154. 

Chroniclers  (Anqlo-Norman),  a 
series  of  writers  on  British  history  in 
verse,  of  very  early  date.  Geffroy  Gai- 
mar  wrote  his  Anglo-Norman  chronicle 
before  1146.  li  is  a  history  in  verse  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  kings.  Robert  Wace 
wrote  the  Brut  oV  Angltterre  [i.e.  Chronicle 
of  England]  in  eight-syllable  verse,  and 
presented  his  work  to  Henry  II.  It  waa 
begun  in  1160,  and  finished  in  1170. 

Chroniclers  (Latin),  historical  writers 
of  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries. 

Chroniclers  (Rhyming),  a  series  of 
writers  on  English  history,  from  the 
thirteenth  century.  The  most  noted  are : 
Layamon  (called  "The  English Ennius ") 
bishop  of  Ernleye-upon-Severn  (1216). 
Robert  of  Gloucester,  who  wrote  a  narra- 
tive of  British  history,  from  the  landing 
of  Brute  to  the  close  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  (*  to  1272).  No  date  is 
assigned  to  the  coming  of  Brute,  but  he 
was  the  son  of  Silvius  vEne'as  (the  third 
generation  from  ^neas,  who  escaped  from 
Troy,  b.c.  1183),  so  that  the  date  may  be 
assumed  to  be  B.C.  1028,  thus  giving  a 
scope  of  2300  years  to  the  chronicle. 
(The  verse  of  this  chronicle  is  eight  and 
six  syllables  displayed  together,  so  as  to 
form  lines  of  fourteen  syllables  each.) 
Robert  de  Brunne,  whose  chronicle  is  in 
two  parts.  The  first  ends  with  the  death 
of  Cadwallader,  and  the  second  with  the 
death  of  Edward  I.  The  earlier  parts  are 
similar  to  the  Anglo-Norman  chronicle  oi 
Wace.     (The  verse  is  octo-syllabic.) 

Chronicles  of  Canongate,  cer- 
tain stories  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  Mrs.  Martha  Bethune  Baliol,  a  lady 
of  quality  and  fortune,  who  lived,  when 
in  Edinburgh,  at  Baliol  Lodging,  in  the 
Canongate.  These  tales  were  written 
at  the  request  of  her  cousin,  Mr.  Croft- 
angry,  by  whom,  at  her  death,  they 
were  published.  The  fir^t  series  contains 
The  Highland  Widow,  The  Two  Drovers, 


CHRONOLOGY. 


CHURCH. 


and  77  irards 

r              1    fr  m   :  '•'•ml 

I  rth. — 

Sir  W .  -  •  jate  " 

(introduction  to  ; 

Chronology  (  The  Father  of),  J.  J. 
Bcaliger  (1540  16 

Chronon-Hoton-Thol'ogosi  I 
He  strikes  Bombardin'ean,  general  of  nil 
f  iving  him  hashed   |>"rk,  and 

Baying,    "  Kioffl    as    great   us    (limnon- 

hotonthologot  have  made  ■  hearty  meal 

on  worse."    Tlie  k i nuc  culls  hia  general  a 
tmitor.     "  Traitor  is  thy  t'  i 
the  general.    They  light,  ami  the  kin^ 
dies. — H.  Carey,  ChnmonhototUhoiogot  (a 

burlesque). 

Chrysalde'   (2  s;/l.),   frion.l    of   Ar- 
nolphe. — Ifoliere,    Liculc    det    Ftmmes 

Chrysale  (2  syl.),  a  simple-minded, 
hi  n-pecked  French  tradesman,  who 
Philaminte  (,.'i  iy/.)  neglects  b 

irned   languages,   women's  rights, 
ai:u  the  aristocracy  of  mind.     He  is  him- 
self ii  plain  practical  man,  who  has  no 
sympathy  with  tho  pas  blue  movement. 
He  has  two  daughters,  Ann: 
ami  Henrietta,  both  of  whom   lo\ 
tandre  ;    but  Armando,  who  is  a  "  bine- 
stocking,"  loves  him   platonicly  ;   while 
Henriette,  who  is  a  "thorough  woman," 
bim  with  woman's  love.    Chrysale 
with  his  daughter  Henriette, 
when  lie    falls    into    money   difficulties 
;i  die  ■•  learned  proclivities  "  of  his 
Clitandre    comes    forward  like    a 
man,  ami  obtains  the  consent  of  both 

Cirenta  t"  his  marriage  with  Henri* 
re,  Let  Femmet  8mmi 

Chrysa'or   (oh  =  k),   the  sword    of 
*ir  Ar'tegal,  whi  led  all  other 

belonged  to  Jove,  and 
wan  need  l>y  him  •  s,  but 

it  had  been  bud  aside  till 
it  t..  the  Knight  of  Jn 

Of  moil  |*rf«  t  mriAl  It  wu  uuhlo. 
Tampered  wtUi  adamant  ...  no  •ubatanoa  m  to  .  .  . 
lard 

Bat  It  would  jilcrce  or  clraro  whereto  It  aunt. 

bpetuar.  fa^r^  yiwn,  r.  (1WO. 

•«•  The  |""t  tells  as  ll  was  broken  to 
peaces  by  Radigund  queen  of  t! 

Jili.   V.    7),    yet    ll  whole 

»  to  12),  wle-n  u  is  used  * ith 

I 

: 

'•  the   blade  was  gar- 

nnhol  nil  with 


'u'sa. 
r'rhoG   (4   syl-),  <juo  of 

UM  tta. 

■ 

U.ii«l«li  ,w.   TV.  AnlnfSUr. 

Chryseis  [A/ 

Sm    was 
famed  for  her  beauty  a  i .  her  embi 
I  >  ii  ri  1 1  .-was  taken 

captive    ami    all  i 

kin_'  of   Axgoa,   but  hi-r   fal 

ransom  her.     1  he  king 

■ 

that  a  plague  might  fall  on  I 

camp.     His   prayer  a  L,  and 

in  order  to  ever!  I 

sent  the  lady  hack  to  b 

without   ransom   hut  with  costly  &tla. — 

Chry80Stom,  a  famous  scholar,  who 
died  for  love  of  IfarceUa,  "rich  Wil- 
liam's daughter." 


I'nnr.'Ulnl    In 
fa 


rat   tlncwr*  la 
of  the 


uiU.Ttulie*.—  t'crvanti  .*»■ 

Chucks,  I  ii'Lain 

■  . — Captain  Marr    ..    . 

Chuffey.  a 
almost    in    I 

ami   man   L 

affection. 

Ml  back  Into  *  dark  corner  on  one  liJt  of  the 
flro.|<bkcc,  where  he  alwuri  naanl  .ml  waa 

neiUt- r  vrn  n.-r  heard  .  .  .  pa*i 

tea  wiu  i£:vimi  htm.  in   which   ho  ru  won  u»  awk  hit 
broail  mcchanlcall*.  .  .  .   ll*  raaaalnirl   ai  aw.-- 

—  ••  can 
o.— C  Dtckom. 
11*4.!'. 

Chunoo  i.l  la),  very  huge  ami  bulky. 
Chunee  was  the    lar.-' 
brought    to    England.      Henry    I 
manager  ol 

■ 

:•)     1810.       It    WM 

sabaaquently    sold    t.  pto- 

firietor 
ength  became  n  I  by  a 

wounds.      1 

the  museum  of  thi 

C'huivh.     / 
i 

111.  to   1  >r. 
.,  Uiu- 
1    don. 


CHURCH  BUILT  BY  VOLTAIRE.     188 


CID. 


Church  built  by  Voltaire. 
Voltaire  the  atheist  built  at  Ferney  a 
Christian  church,  and  had  this  inscrip- 
tion affixed  to  it,  "Deo  erexit  Voltaire." 
Campbell,  in  the  life  of  Cowper  (vol.  vii. 
358),  says  "he  knows  not  to  whom 
Cowper  alludes  in  these  lines  :  " 

Nor  his  who  for  the  bane  of  thousands  born. 
Built  God  a  church,  and  laughed  His  Word  to  scorn. 
Cowper,  Retirement  (1782). 

Church  -  of-  Englandism.  This 
word  was  the  coinage  of  Jeremy  Ben- 
tham  (1748-1832). 

Chuz'zlewit  (Anthony),  cousin  of 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  the  grandfather. 
Anthony  is  an  avaricious  old  hunks, 
proud  of  having  brought  up  his  son 
Jonas  to  be  as  mean  and  grasping  as 
himself.  His  two  redeeming  points  are 
his  affection  for  his  old  servant  Chuffey, 
and  his  forgiveness  of  Jonas  after  his 
attempt  to  poison  him. 

The  old-established  firm  of  Anthony  Chuzzlewit  and 
Bon.  Manchester  warehousemen  .  .  .  had  its  place  of 
bluftDMi  in  a  very  narrow  street  somewhere  behind  the 
Post-Office.  ...  A  dim,  dirty,  smoky,  tumble  -down, 
rotten  old  house  it  was  .  .  .  but  here  the  firm  .  .  . 
transuded  their  business  .  .  .  and  neither  the  young 
man  nor  the  >  hi  one  had  any  other  residence. — Chap.  xi. 

Jonas  Chuzzlewit,  son  of  Anthony,  of 
the  "firm  of  Anthony  Chuzzlewit  and 
Son,  Manchester  warehousemen."  A 
consummate  villain  of  mean  brutality 
and  small  tyranny.  He  attempts  to 
poison  his  old  father,  and  murders  Mon- 
tague Tigg,  who  knows  his  secret.  Jonas 
marries  Mercy  Pecksniff,  his  cousin,  and 
leads  her  a  life  of  utter  misery.  His 
education  had  been  conducted  on  money- 
grubbing  principles ;  the  first  word  he 
was  taught  to  spell  was  gain,  and  the 
second  money.  lie  poisons  himself  to 
save  his  neck  from  the  gallows. 

This  fine  young  man  had  all  the  inclination  of  a 
profligate  of  the  first  water,  and  only  lacked  the  one 
good  trait  in  the  common  catalogue  of  debauched  vices — 
open-hamicdness — to  be  a  notable  vagabond.  But  there 
his  grip'ng  and  penurious  habits  stepped  in. — Chap.  xi. 

Martin  Chuzzlewit,  sen.,  grandfather 
to  the  hero  of  the  same  name.  A  stern 
oid  man,  whose  kind  heart  has  been 
turned  to  gall  by  the  dire  selfishness  of 
his  relations.  Being  resolved  to  expose 
Pecksniff,  he  goes  to  live  in  his  house, 
and  pretends  to  be  weak  in  intellect,  but 
keeps  his  eyes  sharp  open,  and  is  able  to 
expose  the  canting  scoundrel  in  all  his 
deformity. 

Martin  Chuzzlewit,  jun.,  the  hero  of 
the  tale  called  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  grand- 
Bon  to  old  Martin.  His  nature  has  been 
warped  by  bar"  training,  and  at  first  he 
is  both  selfish  and  exacting ;    but  the 


troubles  and  hardships  he  undergoes  in 
"Eden"  completely  transform  him,  and 
he  becomes  worthy  of  Mary  Graham, 
whom  he  marries. — C.  Dickens,  Martin 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Chyndo'nax,  a  chief  druid,  whose 
tomb  (with  a  Greek  inscription)  was 
discovered  near  Dijon,  in  1598. 

Ciacco'  (2  syl.),  a  glutton,  spoken  to 
by  Dante,  in  the  third  circle  of  hell,  the 
place  to  which  gluttons  are  consigned  to 
endless  woe.  The  word  means  "a  pig,' 
and  is  not  a  proper  name,  but  only  a 
symbolical  one. — Dante,  Hell,  vi.  (1300). 

Ciacco,  thy  dire  affliction  grieves  me  much. 

JJett.  vi. 

Cicero.  When  the  great  Roman 
orator  was  given  up  by  Augustus  to  the 
revenge  of  Antony,  it  was  a  cobbler  who 
conducted  the  sicarii  to  Formiae,  whither 
Cicero  had  fled  in  a  litter,  intending  to 
put  to  sea.  His  bearers  would  have 
fought,  but  Cicero  forbade  them,  and 
one  Herennius  has  the  unenviable  noto- 
riety of  being  his  murderer. 

It  was  a  cobbler  that  set  the  murderers  on  Cicero.— 
Ouida.  A  riadne,  i.  6. 

Cicero  of  the  British  Senate,  George 
Canning  (1770-1827). 

Cicero  of  France,  Jean  Baptist*  Mae- 
sillon  (1663-1742). 

Cicero  of  Germany,  John  elector  of 
Brandenberg  (1455,  1486-1499). 

Cicero's  Mouth,  Philippe  Pot,  prime 
minister  of  Louis  XI.  (1428-1494). 

The  British  Cicero,  William  Pitt,  earl 
of  Chatham  (1708-1778). 

The  Christian  Cicero,  Lucius  Ccelius 
Lactantius  (died  330). 

The  German  Cicero,  Johann  Sturm, 
printer  and  scholar  (1507-1589). 

Cicle'nius.  So  Chaucer  calls  Mer- 
cury. He  was  named  Cylle'nius  from 
mount  Cylle'ne,  in  Peloponnesus,  whera 
he  was  bom. 

Ciclenlus  riding  in  his  chlrachee. 
Chaucer,  Compl.  of  Mart  and  Vemu  (1391). 

Cid  (The)  =  Seid  or  Signior,  also 
called  Campeador  [Cam.pa'.dor]  ot 
"  Camp  hero."  Rodrigue  Diaz  de  Bivar 
was  surnamed  "the  Cid."  The  great 
hero  of  Castille  ;  he  was  born  at  Bunrofl 
1030  and  died  1099.  He  signalized  him- 
self by  his  exploits  in  the  reigns  of 
Ferdinand,  Sancho  II.,  and  Alphonso  VI4 
of  Leon  and  Castille.  In  the  wars  be- 
tween Sancho  II.  and  his  brother  (Al- 
phonso VI.),  he  sided  with  the  former ; 
and  on  the  assassination  of  Sancho,  waa 
disgraced,   and  quitted    the   court.      He 


CID. 


189 


then  assembled  his  vassals,  and  marched 
against  the  Moon,  whom  he  conquered 
in  several  b  i  '<■  Alphoi 

necessitated  to  recall  him.  Both  Cor- 
neille  and  Guilhem  de  Oantro  have 
admirable  tragedies  on  the  subject; 
\,il  baa  u  English  drama  called 
The  Cid ;  Sanchez,  In  177:.,  wrote  a 
long  poem  of  1128  verses,  called 
del  Cid  Campeador,  Southey,  in  his 
,  ,leof  the  Cid  (1808),  haa  collected 
all  that  is'  known  of  this  extraordinary 
hero. 

(It was  7VCV<(K.:;r,i  which  gained  for 
Corneille  the  title  of  "  Le  Grand  Cot- 
neille.") 

r,  don  Diego  Uinez. 

The  DicTs  Mother,  dona  Teresa  Nunez. 

The  CuCs  Wife,  Xime'na,  daughter  of 
count  Lo/.ano  de  Gormaz.  The  French 
call  her  La  Belle  Chimene,  but  the  rule 
ascribed  to  her  by  Corneille  is  wholly 
imaginary. 

Never  more  to  thine  own  castle 
Wilt  thou  turn  BaMaea'i  rvin  ; 
Km  »ili  thj  bred  Ulroerm 

See  thee  at  her  side  ;«aiu. 

n*  aid. 

The  Oft  Children.     His  two  dan 
were    Klvi'ra    and    Bol;    his    sou    Die   0 
Bodriquez  died  young. 

T/ic  Ci'Ts  Ham  was  Babieca  [cither 
Bab.i.e'.keh  or  B  (.'•■■•■'. keh).  It  survived 
its  master  two  years  an. 1  B  half,  but  BO  one 
was  allowed  to  mount  it.  Babieca  was 
buried  before  the  monastery  gates  of 
Valencia,  and  two  elms  were  planted  to 
mark  the  spot. 

Tr.th  it  RrxKlry  win  and  pleasant 
l,,  u  bold  Um  at  tlnir  haad, 

All  In  mail  on  Babieca, 
And  to  Ust  the  word*  he  said. 

The  Cut. 

(Here  "Babieca"  is  4  ml.,  but  in  the 
»         above  it  is  only  3  s>/t.) 

<'itfs  Sicords,  Cola'da  and  Tiso'na 
('*  terror  of  the  world  ").  The  latter  was 
taken  by  him  from  king  Bucar. 

0  I  i  The  PortMgutM),  Nones  alva'rea 

ra  (1860-1481). 
Cid  Hamet  Benengoli,  the  hy- 
pothetical author  of  / ■   .  .     (See 

l'.iNi:v..ii.l.) 

Spanish  commentators  have  discovered 

this  pseudonym  to  be  only  an  Arabian 

version  of  '  ■'•  ••<'• 

ior ; '     //  ■  net,  a   Moorish   prefix  ; 

and  Ben-en-geii,  meaning  ,4s  in 

)  is  the  basis 

of  the  name  Cervantes. 

Cid'li,  the  daughter  of  Jairus,  va- 
«u>red  to  life  by  Jesus.    She  was  beloved 


CmQ-MABS. 

Nain.  alas 
rom   tin-   d.-ad. — Klop- 
itock,  /  iv.  (1771). 

Cil'laros,   the    hor*  tot    or 

Pollux,  from  Cylla,  in  Troas. 

Cimmorian    Darknes 

ie  Cimmerians  beyond  the  Oeeanna, 
in  n  land  of  never-ending  gloom  ;   and 

immediately  after    Cimmcris,    he 
th.-  empire  of  11a  I •  •.     P 
Naturafia,  vi.  11)  places  Cimmeris 

the  laki  m    Italy,  ■ 

sun  n.--.  '  eria  is  n"W 

called    Kertch,   but  the  Cossacks    call    it 

i  (/A//;. 

Tliere  under  el»n  shades  and  iow-hmwed  necks  .  .  . 
In  iLirk  eiiuiiicrian  doscrts  ever  dwell. 

Milton.  UAUtgr*  (16381. 

Ye BTwetre -doubts  tbal 
Cimmerian  .lark-      .  on  UM  partinR  srniL 

Campbell.  Plttuurn  of  Uope.  li.  (17»|. 

Cincinna'tus  of  the  Americans, 
Washington  (1782-17 

CindorelTa,  the  heroine 
tal.-.  She  wa  ■  "pot 

upon  "by  her  two  <  ■  Whilethe 

elder  e  at  a  ball,  a  fair. 

and  having  arrayed  the  -'lit;'..-   cinder- 
girl  "  in  hall  - 

nificent  coach  to  the  palace  when-  the  ball 
was  given.  The  prince  fell  in  love  with 
her,  but  knew  ootwho  s!ie  was.  This,  how- 
ever, he  discovered  by  means  of  a  " 
slipper"  which  she  dropped,  and  which 
fitted  no  foot  but  bet  own. 

(This  tale  is  substantially  the  same  as 

that   oi 

A  similar 

one  is  also  told  in  Stral  i  ■  ".)•) 

The  gloat   slipper  should 
slipper,  i  tntou/U  n  t  nr,  not  l 

version   being  taken  from   the    C  K 
of  C.  Perrault  (II 

Cinnn.  -i  tragedy  by  Pierre  Comeille 
.     Mdlle.  Rachel,  in  1888,1  mk  the 

chi.-f    female    character,    ai  I 

a  gre.r  in  l'aris. 

Cinq-Mars    (//.    ' 

a    I  1.  and 

of  Richelieu  1 1  Irri- 

tated by  the  card 
mania 

ied  to  overthrow  i-r  t 

him.  I  . 

• 

1  Cinq-Mars,  being  ai 
mned    to    d< 
\  i  novel    (in 

'i  historical 

the  subject,  under  the  title  of  CtH-j-Mort. 


CINQUECENTO. 


190 


CITIZEN. 


Cinquecento  (3  syl.),  the  fifteenth 
century  of  Italian  notables.  Thev  were 
Ariosto  (1474-1533),  Tasso  (1544^1595), 
and  Giovanni  Rucellai  (1475-1526), poets; 
Raphael  (1483-1520),  Titian  (1480-1576), 
and  Michael  Angelo  (1474-1564), painters. 
These,  with  Machiavelli,  Luigi  Alamanni, 
Bernardo  Baldi,  etc.,  make  up  what  is 
termed  the  "  Cinquecentesti."  The  word 
means  the  worthies  of  the  '500  epoch, 
and  it  will  be  observed  that  they  all 
flourished  between  1500  and  the  close  of 
that  century.     (See  Seicenta.) 

Ouida  writes  in  winter  mornings  at  a  Venetian  writing- 
table  of  cinquecento  work  that  would  enrapture  the  souls 
Of  the  virtuosi  who  haunt  Christie's. — E.  Yates,  Cele- 
brities, xix. 

Cipan'go  or  Zipango,  a  marvel- 
lous island  described  in  the  Voyages 
of  Marco  Polo,  the  Venetian  traveller. 
He  described  it  as  lying  some  1500  miles 
from  land.  This  island  was  an  object  of 
diligent  search  with  Columbus  and  other 
early  navigators,  but  belongs  to  that 
wonderful  chart  which  contains  the  El 
Dorado  of  sir  Walter  Raleigh,  the  Utopia 
of  sir  Thomas  More,  the  Atlantis  of  lord 
Bacon,  the  Laputa  of  dean  Swift,  and 
other  places  better  known  in  story  than 
in  geography. 

Cipher.  The  Rev.  R.  Egerton  War- 
burton,  being  asked  for  his  cipher  by 
a  lady,  in  1845,  wrote  back  : 

A  0  u  0  I  0  thee. 

Oh!  0  no  0  but  0  me; 

Yet  thy  0  my  0  one  0  go, 

Till  u  d  0  the  0  u  0  so 
A  cipher  you  sigh-for,  I  sigh-for  thee. 
Oh  I  sigh-for  no  cipher,  but  sigh-for  me ; 
Yet  thy  sigh-for  my  cipher  one-ci-for-go  fon-ce  I  forgo], 
Till  you  de-cipher  the  cipher  you  sigh-for  so. 

(Erroneously  ascribed  to  Dr.  Whewell.) 

Circe  (2  syl.),  a  sorceress  who  meta- 
morphosed the  companions  of  Ulysses 
into  swine.  Ulysses  resisted  the  en- 
chantment by  means  of  the  herb  rnoly, 
jiven  him  by  Mercury. 

Who  knows  not  Circe, 
The  daughter  of  the  sun,  whose  charmed  cup 
Whoever  tasted  lost  his  upright  shape. 
And  downward  fell  into  a  grovelling  swine? 

Milton,  Comut  (1(34). 

Circuit  {Serjeant),  in  Foote's  farce 
called  The  Lame  Lover. 

Circumlocution  Office,  a  term 
applied  by  C.  Dickens,  in  Little  Dorrit 
(1855),  to  our  public  offices,  where  the 
duty  is  so  divided  and  subdivided  that 
the  simplest  process  has  to  pass  through 
a  whole  series  of  officials.  The  following, 
from  baron  Stockmar,  will  illustrate  the 
tbsurdity : — 

In  the  English  palace  the  lord  steward  finds  the  fuel 


and  lays  the  fire,  but  the  lord  chamberlain  fights  it-  Tb* 
baron  says  he  was  once  sent  by  the  queen  [  Victoria]  to  sir 
Frederick  Watson  (master  of  the  household),  to  complain 
that  the  drawing-room  was  always  cold.  Sir  Frederick 
replied,  "You  see,  it  is  not  my  fault,  for  the  lord  steward 
only  lays  the  fire,  it  is  the  lord  chamberlain  who  light* 
It." 

Again  he  says : 

The  lord  chamberlain  provides  the  lamps,  but  the  lord 
steward  has  to  see  that  they  are  trimmed  and  lighted. 

Here,  therefore,  the  duty  is  reversed. 
Again : 

If  a  pane  of  glass  or  the  door  of  a  cupboard  in  th« 
kitchen  needs  mending,  the  process  is  as  follows  :  (1)  A 
requisition  must  be  prepared  and  signed  by  the  chief  cook. 

(2)  This  must  be  countersigned  by  the  clerk  of  the  kitchen. 

(3)  It  is  then  taken  to  the  master  of  the  household.  (4) 
It  must  next  be  authorized  at  the  lord  chamberlain's  office, 
(5)  being  thus  authorized,  it  is  laid  before  the  clerk  of  the 
works  under  the  office  of  Woods  and  Forests.  So  that  it 
would  take  months  before  the  pane  of  glass  oi  cupboard 
could  be  mended.  —Memoirs,  ii.  121, 122. 

(Some  of  this  foolery  has  been  recently 
abolished.) 

Cirrha,  one  of  the  summits  of  Par- 
nassus, sacred  to  Apollo.  That  of  Nysa, 
another  eminence  in  the  same  mountain, 
was  dedicated  to  Bacchus. 

My  rows  I  send,  my  homage,  to  the  seats 
Of  rocky  Cirrha. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  the  A'aiadt  (1757). 

Cisley  or  Ciss,  any  dairy-maid. 
Tu6ser  frequently  speaks  of  the  "dairy- 
maid Cisley,"  and  in  April  Husbandry 
tells  Ciss  she  must  carefully  keep  these 
ten  guests  from  her  cheeses :  Geha'zi, 
Lot's  wife,  Argus,  Tom  Piper,  Crispin, 
Lazarus,  Esau,  Mary  Maudlin,  Gentiles, 
and  bishops.  (1)  Gehazi,  because  a 
cheese  should  never  be  a  dead  white, 
like  Gehazi  the  leper.  (2)  Lot's  wife, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  too  salt, 
like  Lot's  wife.  (3)  Argus,  because  a 
cheese  should  not  be  full  of  eyes,  like 
Argus.  (4)  Tom  Piper,  because  a  cheese 
should  not  be  "  hoven  and  puffed,"  like 
the  cheeks  of  a  piper.  (5)  Crispin, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  leathery, 
as  if  for  a  cobbler's  use.  (6)  Lazarus, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  poor,  like 
the  beggar  Lazarus.  (7)  Esau,  because 
a  cheese  should  not  be  hairy,  like  Esau. 
(8)  Mary  Maudlin,  because  a  cheese 
should  not  be  full  of  whey,  as  Mary 
Maudlin  was  full  of  tears.  (9)  Gentiles, 
because  a  cheese  should  not  be  full  of 
maggots  or  gentils.  (10)  Bishops,  be- 
cause -a  cheese  should  not  be  made  of 
burnt  milk,  or  milk  "  banned  by  a 
bishop." — T.  Tusser,  Five  Hundred  Pointt 
of  Good  Husbandry  ("  April,"  1557). 

Citizen  (The),  a  farce  by  Arthur 
Murphy.  George  Philpot  is  destined  to 
be  the  husband  of  Maria  Wilding,  but  ae 


CITIZEN   KIN'.. 


191 


CIVIL  WARS. 


Maria  Wilding  is  in  lore  iritfa  Beaufort. 

the    l.i  ..lily    to    In  r    Li  '  ■ 

that  in.  marry  her,  whereupon 

klii  ^,'ivcs  hex  hand  to  Beaufort    I  i 

Citizen  Kincc  <  Z"5l«),  Louis  I'i 

tlir   I  i  r-<  l    ilri'tiv  <■    king   nf    1'  | 

.    .     . 

City,  pin.  Cities. 

City   of    i    ■  Brooklyn]     Hew 

Vurk,  which  has  un  ununual  nuiii l<tr  of 
churches. 

Cdy   of  £  ./I.   T. 

:.  9. 

i    this    world,     or 

rather  the  worldly  state  of  t lir>  uncon- 
verted.    Banyan  makea  "Christian 
ffiii  the  City  of  Deetmction  and  journey 
to  tlir  Celestial  <  ity,  by  which  he  alle- 

-   tin-   "  walk   of  a  <lir 

his  conrersion  to  death  (157! 

UmaUsj  ft  magical  city 
■  .1  in  the  »t"ry  of  "  Beder  Prince 
Of    Persia. " — Aralnan    NighUt   En'. 

Church  <>r  whole  body 
.    The  I'hni  v  Bt, 

Augustine. 

items,  an  imaginary  cloud- 
imewhere    beyond    the    zodiac. — 
Lucian,  I  era  Hisi 
Oity  New- 

port "f   this  ancient  city 
Snouthshire    and    Glamorganshire), 
t  was  in  the  <it\  that  Arthur 

In  Id  hi-  court.     It  contained  two 

St.  JuliusandSt.  Aaron,  builtin 
honour  "f  tu  .  death 

in. 
ndon. 

iltimore,  in  Mary- 
land.    One  of  its  streets  is  called  Mono- 
Street. 

.    Three  cil  :*  - 
(l)    l;. 'Mie    from    1 1 » « -   n 

: 
i 
('-')    (    I 

c*Ucd,  from  it-  Domeroui  Impenal  and 

Mi  li'n.a,  in  Arabia, 
met  t".'k  refuge  when  driven 
by  <■  He    en- 

tile city  not  as  a  fugitive,  bat  in 

triumph  i  I 

R  imoth,  and 

diem,   mid    K..I.  that   river). 

I 

'  Jem.— 

/►'•  .  aIvhi.  8;    • 


i  Go- 
morrah.— <hn.  xiii.  L2. 

\rabia, 
.  0  he 
Bed  from  Mecca  (July  K 

. 
■'   )• 

nance     t!ie 
"  City  of  I  ablie, 

cun-tr  , 

republic     It   is  an  hypothetical    ; 

..     >\t 
T.   M  ire  in  hia  /  lord   I'.acuo 

in  hi  I 

Jway,  in  1 

"  the  r.  .;*.■!*,'*  which 

settled  there  in  l 

■ 

on  the  ' 

. 

in    Holland,    whii 
and  eh 

Babylon,  Al 

and    I 

i  In*  the  Seven  r\ 
■ 

giving  the  Phan 
dace  of  Cyru 

Periandi      M 

City  Madam  ty  by 

Philip 
dang)  • 

Humble,  and  married  a  mi 
John    Frugal,   » 
wealthy,  bnl 
by  a  ■  • 

t.i  his  brother  Luki  madam  and 

her   daughter    w.r.-    I    th    dependent    «'i» 
him.       During   I 
eztrai 

bounded,    and    her    dr.  I 

p|  ion  ;  but  I  :*le  to 

that  of  f.u  pMnL 

Luke  says  to  her: 

i     -  •     i  has : 


■ 


Civil  \\ 


> 


CLACK-DISH. 


192 


CLARCHEN. 


Clack-Dish,  a  dish  or  platter  with  a 
lid,  used  at  one  time  by  beggars,  who 
clacked  the  lid  when  persons  drew  near,  to 
arrest  attention  and  thus  solicit  alms. 

Your  bexgu  of  fifty  j  and  his  use  was  to  put  a  ducat  In 
her  clack-dun.— Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Measure,  act 
lit  DC.  2  (1603). 

Cladpole  (Tim),  Richard  Lower,  of 
Chiddingly,  author  of  Tom  Cladpole's 
Journey  to  Lunnun  (1831)  ;  Jan  Clad- 
pole's Trip  to  'Merricur  (1844),  etc. 

Claimant  (The).  William  Knollys, 
in  The  Great  Banbury  Case,  claimed  the 
baronetcy,  but  was  non-suited.  This 
dixit  lasted  150  years  (1660-1811). 

Douglas  v.  Hamilton,  in  The  Great 
Douglas  Case,  was  settled  in  favour  of  the 
claimant,  who  was  at  once  raised  to  the 
peerage  under  the  name  and  title  of 
baron  Douglas  of  Douglas  Castle,  but 
was  not  restored  to  the  title  of  duke 
(1767-1769). 

Tom  Provis,  a  schoolmaster  of  ill 
repute,  who  had  married  a  servant  of  sir 
Hugh  Smithes  of  Ashton  Hall,  near 
Bristol,  claimed  the  baronetcy  and  estates, 
bat  was  non-suited  and  condemned  to 
imprisonment  for  twenty-one  years 
(1853). 

Arthur  Orton,  who  claimed  to  be  sir 
Roger  Tichborne  (drowned  at  sea).  He 
was  non-suited  and  sentenced  to  fourteen 
years'  imprisonment  for  perjury  (1871— 
1872). 

Clandestine  Marriage  (The). 
Fanny  Sterling,  the  younger  daughter  of 
Mr.  Sterling,  a  rich  city  merchant,  is 
clandestinely  married  to  Mr.  Lovewcll, 
an  apprentice  in  the  house,  of  good 
family  ;  and  sir  John  Melvil  is  engaged 
to  Miss  Sterling,  the  elder  sister.  Lord 
Ogleby  is  a  guest  in  the  merchant's  house. 
Sir  John  prefers  Fanny  to  her  elder  sister, 
and  not  knowing  of  her  marriage  proposes 
to  her,  but  is  rejected.  Fanny  appeals  to 
lord  Ogleby,  who  being  a  vain  old  fop, 
fancies  she  is  in  love  with  him,  and  tells 
Sterling  he  means  to  make  her  a  countess. 
Matters  being  thus  involved,  Lovewell 
goes  to  consult  with  Fanny  about  de- 
claring their  marriage,  and  the  sister,  con- 
vinced that  sir  John  is  shut  up  in  her 
sister's  room,  rouses  the  house  with  a  cry 
of  "  Thieves  !  "  Fanny  and  Lovewell  now 
make  their  appearance.  All  parties  are 
scandalized.  But  Fanny  declares  they 
have  been  married  four  months,  and  lord 
Ogleby  takes  their  part.  So  all  ends 
well.—  G.  Column  and  I).  Garrick  (1766). 

This   comedy   is    a    re'chaujfe'  of    The 


False  Concord,  by  Rev.  James  Townley, 
many  of  the  characters  and  much  of  the 
dialogue  being  preserved. 

Clang  of  Shields.  To  strike  the 
shield  with  the  blunt  end  of  a  spear  was 
in  Ossianic  times  an  indication  of  war  to 
the  death.  A  bard,  when  the  shield  was 
thus  struck,  raised  the  mort-song. 

Calrbar  rises  in  his  arms.  Darkness  gathers  on  his 
brow.  The  hundred  harps  cease  at  once.  The  clang  of 
shields  u  beard.  Far  distant  on  the  heath  Olla  raised  the 
song  of  woe. — Ossian,  Temora,  L 

Cla'ra,  in  Otway's  comedy  called  The 
Cheats  of  Scapin,  an  English  version  of 
Les  Fourberies  de  Scapin,  by  Moliere, 
represents  the  French  character  called 
"  Hyacinthe."  Her  father  is  called  by 
Otway  "Gripe,"  and  by  Moliere  "Ge-- 
ronte"  (2  syl.) ;  her  brother  is  "Leander," 
in  French  "  Leandre ;"  and  her  sweetheart 
"  Octavian  "  son  of  "  Thrifty,"  in  French 
"Octave"  son  of  "Argante."  The  sum 
of  money  wrung  from  Gripe  is  £200, 
but  that  squeezed  out  of  Ge'ronte  is  1500 
livres. 

Clara  [d'Almanza],  daughter  of 
don  Guzman  of  Seville,  beloved  by  don 
Ferdinand,  but  destined  by  her  mother 
for  a  cloister.  She  loves  Ferdinand,  but 
repulses  him  from  shyness  and  modesty, 
quits  home,  and  takes  refuge  in  St. 
Catherine's  Convent.  Ferdinand  discovers 
her  retreat,  and  after  a  few  necessary 
blunders  they  are  married. — Sheridan^ 
The  Duenna  (1773). 

Clara  (Donna),  the  trotn-pligftt  wife  of 
Octavio.  Her  affianced  husband,  having 
killed  don  Felix  in  a  duel,  was  obliged  to 
lie  perdu  for  a  time,  and  Clara,  assuming 
her  brother's  clothes  and  name,  went  is 
search  of  him.  Both  came  to  Salamanca, 
both  set  up  at  the  Eagle,  both  hired  the 
same  servant  Lazarillo,  and  ere  long  they 
met,  recognized  each  other,  and  became 
man  and  wife. — Jephson,  Two  Strings  to 
your  Bow  (1792). 

Clara  [Douglas],  a  lovely  girl,  of 
artless  mind,  feeling  heart,  great  modesty, 
and  well  accomplished.  She  loved  Alfred 
Evelyn,  but  refused  to  marry  him  because 
they  were  both  too  poor  to  support  a 
house.  Evelyn  was  left  an  immense  for- 
tune, and  proposed  to  Georgina  Vesey, 
but  Georgina  gave  her  hand  to  sir 
Frederick  Blount.  Being  thus  disen- 
tangled, Evelyn  again  proposed  to  Clara, 
and  was  joyfully  accepted. — Lord  L. 
Bulwer  Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Clarchen  \_Klcr'.hii\t  a  female  cha- 


CLARE. 


193 


CLAUDINE. 


racter  in  Goethe's  Ef/mant,  noted  for  her 

constancy  and  devotion. 

Claro  (Ada),  cousin  of  Richard  Car- 
stone,  both  <>f  whom  are  orphans  and 
wards  in  Chancery.  They  marry  each 
other,  but  Richard  dies  young,  blighted 
by  the  law's  delay  in  the  great  Chancery 
enit  of  ".Jarndvcc  V.  Jarndyce."— C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  I  louse  (1853). 

Clarence  (6mw  duke  of),  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Anne  of  ueter- 

itein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Clarence  and  the  Malmsey- 
Butt.    According  to  tradition,  George 

duke  of  Clarence,  having  joined  Warwick 
to  replace  Henry  VI.  on  the  throne,  wan 
put  to  death,  and  the  choice  being  offered 
him,  was  drowned  hi  a  butt  of  malmsey 
wine  (1478). 

Twere  bettor  mire  to  die  so.  than  be  shut 
With  maudlin  Clarence  in  hto  malmsey-butt. 

BjTOD,  lionjunn,  I.  108(1819). 

Clarendon  (The  carl  of),  lord  chan- 
cellor to  Charles  II.  introduced  by  sir 
W.  Scott  in  Womlstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Claribel     (Sir),     Bumaroed     "The 
Lewd."    One  of  the  six  knighta  who  con-  | 
tended  for  the  false  FlorimeL— Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  iv.  9  (1596). 

Clar'ibel,  the  pseudonym  of  Mrs. 
Barnard,  author  of  numerous  popular 
songs  (from  18G5  to  )• 

Clar'ice  (8  wlX  wife  of  Rinaldo,  and 
sister  of  Huon  of  Bordeaux.  Introduced 
in  the  romances  of  Hojardo,  Ariosto, 
lasso,  etc. 

Clarin  or  Clarin'da,  the  con- 
fidential maid  of  Radignnd  queen  ol  the 
Am'azons.     When  the  queen  had  rot  sir 

AytCgal    into  her  power,   and   made   him 

change  his  armour  for  an  apron,  and  ins 
■word  for  a  distaff,  she  fell  in  love  with 

■  ptivc,  and  sent  I'iarin   to  win   him 
by    fair  promises    and   indu! 

Clarin  performed  the  appointed  mission, 
but  fell  in  love  herself  with  the  knight, 
and  told  the  queen  that  sir  Artegal  was 
oate,  and  rejected  her  advances  with 
.-Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  5 
(1696). 

Clarinda,  the  heroine  of  Mrs,  Cent- 
hvre's  drama  The  beau'a  Duel  (1703). 

Nfth'.uii  could  bt  more  Bipttrmtilll  than  Hit.  I'rln-hard 

Dlad)  Mi.  I.  :h.-  "Thoyuwn"  In  lUmltt, 
Otartnda.-  "lbrtlUiua;"  In    '    n 

uiuo  rwaltwl  ti her  i  |  ■'•'"".  "»an 

sjalca  •  mom  uul)  captivating.— C  Oio- 

4km,  lUtturg  c  ('..  8H0*. 

B 


•  M+  '•  •    i    H*  fe  and 

.  '  aumont  and  Fletcher. 

V/i,    a    merrv,    good-hum 
Lrited  lady,  in  love  with  Shanes 
Frankly.    The    madcap 

cousin.— Dr.     lloadly,     The     Susjjicujus 
id  (1717;. 

•,  /,  of   Robert    Burn* 

who  was  ali  ■ 

Clar'ion,  the  son  and  heir  of 
carol.  He  was  the  fairest  an.'. 
prosperous    of    all    the    race    of 

i,  the  son  oi    '■    I  ':'<c  spi'l^r), 

entertained    a   <ir.-]>    and    secret 

of  the  young  prince,  and  set  himself  to 

destroy  him  ;  so,  weaving  a  most  curious 

on  caught,  and  Aragnol 

gave    him    his    death-wound    by    pi 
him     under     the     left     wing.— S] 
Jfutopofrnoa     or     The    Butterfly's     tute 
(1590). 

Claris'sa,     wife     of     Gripe     the 
scrivener.     A   laay,    la  ■    bne 

city  lady,  who  thinks  "a  woman 
be  of    mechanic    mould  whi 
troubled   or  pit  ised   with  anythii 
husband  can  do"  (act  i. 
and  bcautv,  with  a  fool  to  her  husband, 
but    though  '•  fool,"  a  hard,  grasping, 
mean,  old  hunks. 

••  I  have  more  subjects  Tor  spleen  than  one.     fa  » 

most  horrible  thing  thai  [should  I 

Don't  roil  think  nature  ilwl<iii-.l  me  f"r 
elerttl    Why.  1  dare  abus.'n,,t».l».     l'u.  ■bald  M  affront 
.or  to  ruin  Lheh  ■  •  ■  1  dare  not 

me-  nor  i.  , 

somer  than  I      1"  short,  1  dare  not  n  much    - 

footman  kick  pool ul  l""r?L 

don  DM  f'T  what  I  OWe  Iheiu."— Sir  John  >  aul.r    - 

. 

Clarufsa,  sister  of  Beverley,  pi 

ilmont.— A.  Murphy, 
the  Wrong  (1761). 
Clarissa    Harlowe.     (See     Hau- 

LOWB.) 

Clark  (The  Rev.  T.),  the  | 
of  John  Gail,  the  novelist    1779  18 

Clarke 
many  pseudonyms  of  sir  Richard  Phillips, 
author  of    The   I 

■  ■      - 
I 

Cla'tho.  the  last  wife  of  Fingal  and 
moth,  r  of  Fillan,  .  -l  9oa- 

Claudo  (  The  Eaglieh),  Richard  Wilson 

(1711 

Glau'dixu  tMlrt*r 

of  the  hotel  Rarancour,  and  old  nurae  ot 


CLAUDIO. 


194 


CLAYPOLE. 


Julio  "  the  deaf  and  dumb  "  count.  She 
recognizes  the  lad,  who  had  been  rescued 
by  De  TEpde  from  the  streets  of  Paris, 
and  brought  up  by  him  under  the  name 
of  Theodore.  Ultimately,  the  guardian 
Darlemont  confesses  that  he  had  sent 
him  adrift  under  the  hope  of  getting  rid 
of  him  ;  but  being  proved  to  be  the  count, 
he  is  restored  to  his  rank  and  property. — 
Th.  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and  Dutnb  (1785). 

Claudio  (Lord)  of  Florence,  a  friend 
of  don  Pedro  prince  of  Aragon,'  and 
engaged  to  Hero  (daughter  of  Leonato 
governor  of  Messina). — Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

Clau'dio,  brother  of  Isabella  and  the 
suitor  of  Juliet.  He  is  imprisoned  by  lord 
Angelo  for  the  seduction  of  Juliet,  and  it 
is  on  the  effort  made  to  release  him  by  his 
Bister  Isabella  that  the  whole  plot  turns. — 
Shakespeare,  Meamrcfor  JI/ea«Kre(1603). 

Clau  dius,  king  of  Denmark,  who 
poisoned  his  brother,  married  the  widow, 
and  usurped  the  throne.  Claudius  in- 
duced Laertes  to  challenge  Hamlet  to 
play  with  foils,  but  persuaded  him  to 
poison  his  weapon.  In  the  combat  the 
foils  got  changed,  and  Hamlet  wounded 
Laertes  with  the  poisoned  weapon.  In 
order  still  further  to  secure  the  death  of 
Hamlet,  Claudius  had  a  cup  of  poisoned 
wine  prepared,  which  he  intended  to  give 
Hamlet  when  he  grew  thirsty  with 
playing.  The  queen,  drinking  of  this  cup, 
died  of  poison,  and  Hamlet,  ruahing  on 
Claudius,  stabbed  him  and  cried  aloud, 
"  Here,  thou  incestuous,  murderous  Dane, 
.  .  .  Follow  my  mother  ! " — Shakespeare, 
Hamlet  (1596). 

%*  In  the  History  of  Hambtct,  Clau- 
dius is  called  "  Fengon,"  a  far  better  name 
for  a  Dane. 

Claudius,  the  instrument  of  Appius  the 
decemvir  for  entrapping  Virginia.  He 
pretended  that  Virginia  was  his  slave, 
who  had  been  stolen  from  him  and  sold 
to  Virginius. — J.  S.  Knowles,  Yinjinius 
(1820). 

Claudius  (Mathias),  a  German  poet  bora 
at  Kheinfeld,  and  author  of  the  famous 
3ong  called  Iiheiniceinlkd  ("Rhenish  wine 
song"),  sung  at  all  convivial  feasts  of  the 
Germans. 

Claudius,  though  he  sang  of  flagons. 
And  huge  tankards  Ailed  with  Ubenlsh. 

From  -the  fiery  blood  of  dragons 
Nerer  would  his  own  nplanHL 

Longfellow,  Drifting  0M#. 

Claua  (Peter).     (See  under  K.) 


Clans  (Santa),  a  familiar  name  for  St. 
Nicholas,  the  patron  saint  of  children. 
On  Christmas  Eve  German  children  hava 
presents  stowed  away  in  their  socks  and 
shoes  while  they  are  asleep,  and  the  little 
credulous  ones  suppose  that  Santa  Claua 
or  Klaus  placed  them  there. 

St.  Nicholas  U  said  to  have  supplied  three  destitute 
maidens  with  marriage  portions  bysecreUy  leaving  money 
with  their  widowed  mother,  aitd  as  his  day  occurs  just 
before  Christmas,  he  was  selected  for  the  gift-giver  ca 
Christmas  Kve. — Yonge. 

"  Claverhouse  "  or  the  marquis  of 
Argyll,  a  kinsman  of  Ravenswood,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Bride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Clavcr'house  (3  syl.),  John  Graham  of 
Claverhouse  (viscount  Dundee),  a  relent- 
less Jacobite,  so  rapacious  and  profane, 
so  violent  in  temper  and  obdurate  of 
heart,  that  every  Scotchman  hates  the 
name.  He  hunted  the  covenanters  with 
real  vindictiveness,  and  is  almost  a  by- 
word for  barbarity  and  cruelty  (1650- 
1689). 

Clavijo  (Don),  a  cavalier  who  "  could 
touch  the  guitar  to  admiration,  write 
poetry,  dunce  divinely,  and  had  a  fine 
genius  for  making  bird-cages."  He 
married  the  princess  Antonomasia  of 
Cunduya,  and  was  metamorphosed  by 
Malum bru'no  into  a  crocodile  of  some 
unknown  metal.  Don  Quixote  disen- 
chanted him  "  liv  simply  attempting  the 
adventure." — Cervantes,  Don  Qutxote, 
II.  iii.  4,  5  (1615). 

Clavilen'o,  the  wooden  horse  on 
which  don  Quixote  got  astride  in  order  to 
disenchant  the  infanta  Antonoma'sia,  her 
husband,  and  the  countess  Trifaldi  (called 
the  "  Dolori'da  duena  ").  It  was  "the 
very  horse  on  which  Peter  of  Provence 
carried  off  the  fair  Magalona,  and  was 
constructed  by  Merlin."  This  horse  waa 
called  Clavileno  or  Wooden  Peg,  because 
it  was  governed  by  a  wooden  pin  in  the 
forehead. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  IL 
iii.  4,  5  (1615). 

There  Is  one  peculiar  advantage  attending  this  horse  i 
he  neither  eats,  drinks,  sleeps,  nor  wants  shoeing.  .  .  . 
His  name  is  not  Pegasus,  nor  Bucephalus;  nor  is  tt 
Brilladoro,  the  name  of  the  steed  of  Orlando  Furioso ; 
neither  is  it  Bayarte.  which  belonged  to  Kfvnaldo  d* 
Moutalbon  ;  nor  Bootes,  npr  Peritoa,  the  horses  of  tha 
sun  ;  but  his  name  is  Clavileno  the  Winged.— Chap.  4. 

Claypole  (Noah),  alias  "Morrij 
Bolter,"  an  ill-conditioned  charity-boy, 
who  takes  down  the  shutters  of  Sower- 
berry's  shop  and  receives  broken  meat* 
from  Charlotte  (Sowerberry's  servant), 
whom  he  afterwards  marriea. — C.  Dickens, 
Oliver  1'icist  (1837). 


CI.EANTE. 


195 


CLEMENTINA. 


Cleante  (2  •»/.),  brother-in-law  of 
Orgon.     He    is    distinguished     for    his 

genuine  piety,  and  is  both  high-minded 
»nd  compassionate. — Moliere,  La  Tartujfe 
(HJu-l). 

Cle'ante  (2  syt.),  son  of  Ilar'pagon  the 
miser,  in  love  with  Mariane  (3  syl.). 
Ilarpagon,  though  (50  years  old,  wished 
to  marry  the  same  young  lady,  but 
Cleante  solved  the  difficulty  thus:  lie 
tlnjx  up  i  casket  of  gold  from  the  garden, 
hidden  under  a  tree  by  the  miser,  and 
while  Harpagon  was  raving  about  t  he  loss 
of  his  gold,  Cleante  told  him  he  might  take 
his  choice  between  Mariane  and  the  gold. 
The  miser  preferred  the  casket,  which  was 
restored  to  him,  and  Cle'ante  married 
Mariane. — Moliere,  L'Avare  (1667). 

Cle'ante  (2  syl.),  the  lover  of  Angelique 
daughter  of  Argan  the  malade  ima  , 
As  Argan  had  promised  Angehque  in 
marriage  to  Thomas  Diafoirus  a  young 
surgeon,  Cle'ante  carries  on  his  love  as 
a  music-master,  and  though  Argan  is 
present,  the  lovers  sing  to  each  other  their 
plans  under  the  guise  of  an  interlude 
called  "Tircis  and  Philis."  Ultimately, 
Argan  assents  to  the  marriage  of  his 
daughter  with  Cle'ante. — Moliere,  Le 
Malade  Inuxjinaire  (1673). 

Clean'the  (2  syl.),  sister  of  Siphax 
of  l'aphos. — Keaumont  and  Fletcher,  1'lie 
Mad  Lover  (1G17). 

Clcanthe  (3  syt.),  the  lady  beloved  by 
Ion. — Talfourd,  Ion  (1835). 

Clean'thes  (3  syl.),  son  of  Leon'idSs 
and  husband  of  Hippolita,  noted  for  his 
filial  piety.  The  duke  of  Epire  made  a 
law  that  all  men  who  had  attained  the 
age  of  80  should  be  put  to  death  as  use- 
less incumbrances  of  the  commonwealth. 
SimonidGs,  a  young  libertine,  admired  the 
law,  but  deanthes  looked  on  it  with 
horror,  and  determined  to  save  his  fattier 
from  its  operation.  Accordingly,  he  gave 
out  that  his  father  was  dead,  and  an 
ostentatious  funeral  took  place ;  but 
CeanthSs   retired    to    a    W 1,    where    he 

concealed  I. eon 'ides,  while  he  and  his  wife 
waited  on  him  and  administered  to  his 

wants. —  The     Old     Law     (a     comedy     of 

Philip  Massinger,  T.  Middleton,  and  \V. 
Rowley,  1,; 

Clogg     (Holdfast),    a    puritan    mill- 
wright.— Sir    W.    Scott,    J'cverii    of  ttie 
.  (time,  (Charles  II.). 

Cloish 'both am  (Jedodffah),  school- 
man tor  and  parish  clerk  of  Gandercleuch, 


who  employed  his  assistant  teacher  to 
•  ■  in. I  edit  the  tales  told  by  the 
landlord  of  the  Wallace  inn  of  tne 
same  parish.  These  tales  tile  editor  dis- 
posed in  three  series,  called  by  the  general 
title  oi    .  I  ora  (■/.  r.). 

(See   introduction  of    Hie  lilack  l1 
Of  course  the  real  author  is  sir  Walter 
Scott  (1771-1882). 

Mrs.  Jhrot/iea  Cleishfxitham,  wife  of  the 
schoolmaster,  a  perfect  .Xantippe,  ana 
"sworn  sister  of  the  ICumen'idt's." 

Cle'lia  or  Cloe'lia,  a  Roman  maiden, 
one  of  the  hostages  given  to  Por'sena. 
She  made  her  escape  from  the  Mir 
camp  by  swimming  across  the  Tiber. 
Being  sent  hack  by  the  Romans,  Porsena 
not  only  set  her  at  liberty  for  her  gallant 
deed,  but  allowed  her  to  take  with  her 
a  part  of  the  hostages.  Mdlle.  Scuderi 
has  a  novel  on  the  subject,  entitled 
Cle'lie,  llistuire  Roinaine. 

Our  statues — not  of  those  that  men  deaire— 

Mi  t'k  i»l:tli»|llei  |  I'lirkllh  l/.lcc«|.    .    .hilt 

.  .  [Sea  AiiTKHiM  >.] 
i,  Cornelia  .  .  .  and  U>e  ltoinau  brows 
Of  Agnppina. 

Tennyson,  Tht  l'rltu-ru.  II. 

Cle'lia, &  vain,  frivolous  female  butter- 
fly, with  a  smattering  of  everything.     In 

youth  she  was  a  coquette ;  and  when  youth 
was  passed,  tried  sundry  means  to  earn 
a  living,  but  without  success. — Crabbe, 
Boroiujh  (1810). 

Clelie  (2  syl.),  the  heroine  of  a  novel 
so    called    by     Mdlle.     Scuderi.      (See 

Cl.KI.IA.) 

Clement,  one  of  the  attendants  of 
sir  Keginal  Front  de  Bosuf  la  follower  of 
prince  John). — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Ivankot 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Clcm'ent  (Justice),  a  man  quite  able- 
to  discern  between  fun  and  crime. 
Although  he  had  the  weakness  "oi 
justices'  justice,"  he  had  not  the  weak- 
ness of  ignorant  vulgarity. 

Knovell  They  say  he  will  conunit  a  man  for  taking  the 

all  horse. 
fTeTfflieaT    Av.  or  for  wearing  hl«  cloak  on  one  shooldrr, 
or  earring  God.    AJr/thlng.  In-leed  If  It  Gomes  In  the  »ay 

Of  hi     li'i'nolir.—  H.  joiuv.n.  Seary  Jl.oi   lei    llu  Humour, 

iii.  i  fine), 

Clomonti'na  (  77i<-  lady),  an  amiable, 

delicate,  beautiful,  accomplishe.l,  but  un- 
fortunate woman,  deeply  in  love  with  -ir 

Charhs  Grandison.     Sir  Charlee married 

Harriet  liimn. -  -  S.  Michardson.  The  His- 
tory '  mdbofl  (1753). 

Those  ecenea   relating   to   the    history   of  Clementina 
paaeacaa    Of    deep    |*U:oa  — A'ncjre.    Drtt.    art. 
"  Fielding." 

sliakf-«|>e«uv  himself  has  anveelj  drawn  a  more  affect- 

„  picture  o(  bJsjn-eouled  Miffiium  »"d 


CLEOFAS.  196 


flighting  calamity  than  the  madness  of  Clementina.— 
3iainbers,  Englii/%  LiUTiUure.  U.  181. 

Cle'ofas  (Don),  the  hero  of  a  novel 
bv  Lesage,  entitled  Le  Diable  Doiteux 
(The  Devil  on  Two  Sticks).  A  fiery 
young  Spaniard,  proud,  high-spirited, 
and  revengeful ;  noted  for  gallantry,  but 
not  without  generous  sentiments.  Asmo- 
de'us  (4  syl.)  shows  him  what  is  going 
on  in  private  families  by  unroofing  the 
houses  (1707). 

Cleomrbrotus  or  Ambracio'ta  of 
Ambrac'ia  (in  Epirus).  Having  read 
Plato's  book  on  the  soul's  immortality 
and  happiness  in  another  life,  he  was  so 
ravished  with  the  description  that  he 
leaped  into  the  sea  that  he  might  die 
and  enjoy  Plato's  elysium. 

He  who  to  enjoy 
Plato's  elysium  leaped  Into  the  sea, 
Cloombrotus. 

Milton.  Paradiu  Lett,  HI.  471.  etc  (1665). 

Cleom'enes  (4  syl.),  the  hero  and 
title  of  a  drama  by  Dryden  (169'2). 

As  Dryden  came  out  of  the  theatre  a  young  fop  of 
fa.-liii.ii  said  to  him,  "  If  I  had  been  lelt  alone  with  a 
young  beauty,  I  would  not  have  spent  my  time  like  your 
Spartan  hero."  "  Perhaps  not,"  said  the  poet,  "  but  you 
are  not  my  hero." — W.  C.  Russell,  Re)rrt*entativ*  A  start. 

Cleom'enes  (4  syl.).  "The  Venus  of 
CleomenOs"  is  now  called  "The  Venus 
di  Medici." 

Such  a  mere  moist  lump  was  ones  .  .  .  the  Venus  of 
Cleouisnts. — Oulda,  AriadnA,  1.  8. 

Cle'on,  governor  of  Tarsus,  burnt  to 
death  with  his  wife  Dionys'ia  by  the 
enraged  citizens,  to  revenge  the  supposed 
murder  of  Marina,  daughter  of  Pcr'ielt's 
prince  of  Tvre. — Shakespeare,  l'ericles 
Prince  of  Tyre  (1G08). 

Cle'on,  the  personification  of  glory. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen. 

Cleop'atra,  queen  of  Egypt,  wife  of 
Ptolemy  Dionysius  her  brother.  She 
was  driven  from  her  throne,  but  re-estab- 
lished by  Julius  C»sar,  n.c.  47.  Antony, 
captivated  by  her,  repudiated  his  wife, 
Octavia,  to  live  with  the  fascinating 
Egyptian.  After  the  loss  of  the  battle 
of  Actium,  Cleopatra  killed  herself  by 
an  asp. 

E.  Jodelle  wrote  in  French  a  tragedy 
called  Cle~opatre  Captive  (1550)  ;  Jean 
Mairet  one  called  Cleopdtre  (1630)  ; 
Isaac  de  Benserade  (11)70),  J.  F.  Mar- 
montel  (1750),  and  Mde.  de  Girardin 
(1847)  wrote  tragedies  in  French  on  the 
same  subject.  S.  Daniel  (1000)  wrote  a 
tragedy  in  English  called  Cleopatra ; 
Shakespeare  one  called  Antony  and  Cleo- 
patra  (1008)  ;    and   Dryden   one    on  the 


CLERKS. 

same  subject,  called  All.  for  Love  or  The 
World  Well  Lost  (1682). 

%*  Mrs.  Oldfield  (1683-1730)  and 
Peg  [Margaret]  WoffingtOR  (1718-1760] 
were  unrivalled  in  this  character. 

Cleopatra  and  the  Pearl.  The  tale  in 
that  Cleopatra  made  a  sumptuous  oan- 
quet,  which  excited  the  surprise  of 
Antony ;  whereupon  the  queen  took  a 
pearl  ear-drop,  dissolved  it  in  a  strung 
acid,  and  drank  the  liquor  to  the  health 
of  the  triumvir,  saying,  "My  draught 
to  Antony  shall  exceed  in  value  the 
whole  banquet." 

%*  When  queen  Elizabeth  visited  the 
Exchange,  sir  Thomas  Gresham  pledged 
her  health  in  a  cup  of  wine  containing  a 
precious  stone  crushed  to  atoms,  and 
worth  £15,000. 

Here  -f  15.000  at  one  chip  goes 
Instead  of  sugar ;  Gresham  drinks  the  pearl 
Unto  bis. jueen  and  mistress.     Pledge  It ;  lortbl 
Th.  Heywood.  //  }'ou  Know  not  He.  J'ou  snow  Sobody. 

Cleopatra  in  Hades.  Cleopatra,  says 
Rabelais,  is  "a  crier  of  onions"  in  the 
shades  below.  The  Latin  for  a  pearl 
and  onion  is  imib,  and  the  pun  refers  to 
Cleopatra  giving  her  pearl  (or  onion)  to 
Antony  in  a  draught  of  wine,  or,  as  some 
say,  drinking  it  herself  in  toasting  her 
lover. —  Rabelais,  Pantayrucl,  ii.  30 
(1533). 

Cleopat'ra,  queen  of  Syria,  daughter 
of  Ptolemy  Philome'ter  king  of  Egypt. 
She  first  married  Alexander  Bala,  the 
usurper  (b.c.  149) ;  next  Deme'trius 
Nica'nor.  Demetrius,  being  taken  pri- 
soner by  the  Parthians,  married  Rodo- 
gune  (8  syl.),  daughter  of  Phraa'tcs  (3 
syl.)  the  Parthian  king,  and  Cleopatra 
married  Antiochus  Side'tes,  brother  of 
Demetrius.  She  slew  her  son  Seleucus 
(by  Demetrius)  for  treason,  and  as  this 
produced  a  revolt,  abdicated  in  favour 
of  her  second  son,  Anti'ochus  VIII.,  who 
compelled  her  to  drink  poison  which  she 
had  prepared  for  himself.  P.  Corneille 
has  made  this  the  subject  of  his  tragedy 
called  Rodo<june  (1640). 

%*  This  is  not  the  Cleopatra  of  Shake- 
speare's and  Dryden's  tragedies. 

Clere'mont  (3  syl.),  a  merry  gentle- 
man, the  friend  of  Dinant'. — Beaumont 
and  l"leU:her,  lite  Little  French  Lawyer 
(1647). 

Cler'imond,  niece  of  the  Green 
Knight,  sister  of  Fer'ragus  the  giant, 
and  bride  of  Valentine  the  brave. —  Valen- 
tine and  Orson. 

Clerks  (St.  Nicholas's)^  thieves    also 


CLESSAMMOII. 


197 


CLINKER 


wiled  "St.  Nicholas's  Clergymen,"  in 
illusion  to  the  tradition  of  "  St.  Nicholas 
and  the  thieves."  Probably  a  play  oo 
the  words  Nich-oku  and  Ola  Nick  may 
be  designed. — See  Shakespeare,  1  Henry 
IV.  act  ii.  sc.  1  (1597). 

Cless'ammor,  son  of  Thaddu  and 
brother  of  Morna  (Fingal'a  mother).     He 

married  Moina,  daughter  of  Keutha'mir 
(the  principal  man  of  Balclutha,  on  the 
Clyde).  It  so  happened  that  Moina  was 
beloved  by  a  Briton  named  Reuda,  who 
came  with  an  army  to  carry  her  olF. 
Reuda  was  slain  by  Clessammor ;  but 
Clessammor,  being  closely  pressed  by 
♦Jie  Britons,  fled,  and  never  again  saw 
his  bride.  In  due  time  a  son  was 
born,  called  Carthon  ;  but  the  mother 
died.  While  Carthon  was  still  an  infant, 
Fingal'a  father  attacked  Balclutha,  and 
slew  Keuthama  (Carthon's  grandfather). 
When  the  boy  grew  to  manhood,  he 
determined  on  vengeance;  accordingly 
he  invaded  Morven,  the  kingdom  of 
Fingal,  where  Clessammor,  not  knowing 
who  he  was,  engaged  him  in  single 
combat,  and  slew  him.  When  he  dis- 
covered that  it  was  his  son,  three  days  he 
mourned  for  him,  and  on  the  fourth  he 
died. — Ossian,  Carthon. 

Cleveland  {Barbara  VUliers,  duc/wss 
of),  one  of  the  mistresses  of  (harks  II., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Peveril  of 
the  Peak. 

Cleve'land  (Captain  Clement),  aluxs 
VaugHAN  [  l'<< "■><],"  the  pirate,"  son  of 
Noma  of  the  Fitful  Head.  He  is  in  love 
with  Minna  Troil  (daughter  of  Magnus 
Tr<»il,  the  ndaller  of  Zetland). — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Clever,  the  man-servant  of  Hero 
Sutton  "the  city  maiden."  When  Hero 
assumed  the  guise  of  a  Quaker,  Clever 
called  himself  Obadiah,  and  pretended  to 
be  a  rigid  quaker  also.  His  constant 
exclamation  was  "  I'mph  !  " — S.  Knowles, 
Woman' t  Wit,  etc.  (1838). 

CliUbrd  (Sir  Thomas),  betrothed  to 

Julia  (daughter  of  Master  Waller  "the 
hunchback  ").  He  is  wise,  honest,  truth- 
ful, and  well-favoured,  kind,  valiant,  and 
prudent. — S.  Knowles,  The  Hunchback 
(1881). 

Clifford  (Mr.),  the  heir  of  sir  William 
Charlton  in  right  of  his  mother,  and  in 
love   with   lady   Emily    (Jayville,      The 

scrivener    Alscrip    had"    fraudulently    got 

possession  ut  the  deeds  of  the  Charlton 

I  ,     which     he     had     given    to    his 


daughter  called  "  the  heiress,"  and  which 
amounted  to  £2000  a  year;  but  Rightly, 
the  lawyer,  discovered  the  fraud,  and 
•'the  heiress"  was  compelled  to  relin- 
quish this  part  of  her  fortune.  Clifford 
then  proposed  to  lady  Emily,  and  wu 
ted. — General  Burgoyne,  The  Heircs* 
(1781). 

Clifford  (Paid),  a  highwayman,  re- 
formed hv  the  power  oi  love. — I,ord 
Lyttoii,  Paul  Clifford  (1830). 

Clifford  (Rosamond),  usually  called 
"  The  Fair  Rosamond,"  the  "favourite 
mistress  of  Henry  II.  ;  daughter  of 
Walter  lord  Clifford.  She  is  introduced 
by  sir  W.  Scott  in  two  novels,   Thi 

man  and  Woodstock.     Drydensayst 

Jane  Clifford  was  her  nmnc.  us  hooka  aver, 
"Fair  Koaumond"  was  but  her  nom  u>  yi«rrr«. 

Kpilojuc  to  Henry  It. 

Clifford  (Henry  lord),  a  general  in  the 
English     army. — Sir    W.     Scott, 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Clifford  Street  (London),  so  named 
from  Elizabeth  Clifford,  daughter  of  the 
last  earl  of  Cumberland,  who  married 
Richard  Boyle,  earl  of  Burlington,  (^ce 
Savii.k  Row.) 

Clifton  (Barry),  lieutenant  of  H.M. 
ship  Tujer.    A  daring,  dashing,  eare-tbr- 

nobody  young   English  sailor,  delighting 
in  adventure,  and  loving  a  good  i 
He   and   his   companion   Mat   Mizen  take 
the    side  of   El   Hyder,  and  help  to  re- 
establish the  Chereddin,  prince  of  Delhi, 

who  had  been   dethroned   bv  Haniet   Ab- 

dulerim. — Barrymore,  El  ihjder,  Chief  of 
the  Ghaut  Muuntains. 

Clim  of  the  Clough.    (See  Qui  u . ) 
Clink    (Jem),   the    turnkey    at    New- 
gate. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  thi 

(time,  Charles  II.). 

Clinker  (Humphry),  a  poor  work- 
house lad,  put  out  By  the  pari.-h  U 
apprentice  to  a  blacksmith,  and  after- 
wards employed  as  an  ostler's  assistant 

and    extra    postilion.      Being    dismissed 
from    the   stables,    he    enters    the    Service 

of  .Mr.  Bramble,  ■  fretful,  grumpy,  but 
kind-hearted  and   generous   old    [  • 

reatly  troubled  with  gout.     Here 
he  falls  in   lo\  ••  m  ith   \\  inii  i 
Miss   lahitha   Bramble's   maid,  and   turns 
out  to  I"'  a  natural  son  of  Mr.  Bran 
T.  Sin  /  JJunifi/iry 

r  (1771). 
(Probably  this  novel  rnigrfstrfid  to  (). 
Dickens  his  Adventures  of  Oliver  Tvuu.i 


CLIO. 


198 


CLORINDA. 


Clio,  an  anagram  of  C[helsea], 
L[ondon],  Islington],  0[fhce],  the 
fclaces  from  which  Addison  despatched 
his  papers  for  the  Spectator  The  papers 
signed  by  any  of  these  letters  are  by 
Addison  ;  hence  called  "  Clio." 

When  panting  virtue  her  last  efforts  made. 
You  brought  your  Clio  to  the  virgin's  aid 

Somerville. 

Clip'purse  (Lawyer),  the  lawyer 
employed  by  sir  Everard  Waverley  to 
make  his  will.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Cliquot  [Klee'.ko],  a  nickname  given 
by  Punch  to  Frederick  William  IV.  of 
Prussia,  from  his  love  of  champagne 
of  the  "Cliquot  brand"  (1795,  1840- 
1861). 

Clitandre,  a  wealthy  bourgeois,  in 
love  with  Henrietta,  "  the  thorough 
woman,"  by  whom  he  is  beloved  with 
fervent  affection.  Her  elder  sister  Ar- 
mande  (2  syl.)  also  loves  him,  but  her 
love  is  of  the  Platonic  hue,  and  Clitandre 
prefers  in  a  wife  the  warmth  of  woman's 
love  to  the  marble  of  philosophic  ideality. 
— Moliere,  Les  Femmes  Savantcs  (1672). 

Cloaci'na,  the  presiding  personifica- 
tion of  city  sewers.  (Latin,  cloaca,  "  a 
sewer.") 

.  .  .  Clonolnn, goddess  of  the  tide. 

Whose  sable  streams  beneath  the  city  glide. 

Gay.  Trivia,  &  (1712). 

Clod'd^pole  (3  syl.),  "the  wisest 
lout  of  all  the  neighbouring  plain."  Ap- 
pointed to  decide  the  contention  between 
Cuddy  and  bobbin  Clout. 

From  Cloddtpole  we  learn  to  read  the  skies. 

To  know  when  hail  will  (all,  or  winds  arise ; 

He  taught  us  erst  the  heifer's  tail  to  view, 

When  struck  aloft  that  showers  would  straight  ensue. 

He  first  that  useful  secret  did  explain. 

That  pricking  corns  foretell  the  gathering  rain  ; 

When  swallows  fleet  soar  high  and  s|>ort  in  air. 

He  told  us  that  the  welkin  would  be  clear. 

Gay,  J'atloral,  1.  (1714). 

(Cloddipole  is  the  "  Pahemon "  of 
Virgil's  Eel.  iii.) 

Clo'dio  (Count),  governor.  A  dis- 
honourable pursuer  of  Zeno'cia,  the 
chaste  troth-plight  wife  of  Arnoldo. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  of  the 
Country  (1647). 

Clodio,  the  younger  son  of  don  Antonio, 
a  coxcomb  and  braggart.  Always  boast- 
ing of  his  great  acquaintances,  his  con- 
quests, and  his  duels.  His  snuff-box  he 
thinks  more  of  than  his  lady-love,  he 
interlards  his  speech  with  French,  and 
exclaims  "Split  me!"  by  way  of  oath. 
Clodio  was  to  have  married  Angelina,  but 
the    lady    preferred    his    elder    brother 


Carlos,  a  bookworm,  and  Clodio  engaged 
himseli  to  Elvira  of  Lisbon. — C.  Cibber, 
Love  Makes  a  Man  (1694). 

Clo'e,  in  love  with  the  shepherd 
Thenot,  but  Thenot  rejects  her  suit  out  of 
admiration  of  the  constancy  of  Clorinda 
for  her  dead  lover.  She  is  wanton, 
coarse,  and  immodest,  the  very  reverse  of 
Clorinda,  who  is  a  virtuous,  chaste,  and 
faithful  shepherdess.  ("  Thenot,"  the 
final  t  is  sounded.) — John  Fletcher,  The 
Faithful  Shepherdess  (1610).   (SeeCHLOE.) 

Clo'ra,  sister  to  Fabrit'io  the  merrv 
soldier,  and  the  sprightly  companion  of 
Frances  (sister  to  Frederick). — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Captain  (1613). 

Clorida'no,  a  humble  Moorish  youth, 
who  joined  Medo'ro  in  seeking  the  body 
of  king  Dardinello  to  bury  it.  Medoro 
being  wounded,  Cloridano  rushed  madly 
into  the  ranks  of  the  enemy  and  was 
slain. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Clorin'da,  daughter  of  Sena'pus  of 
Ethiopia  (a  Christian).  Being  born  white, 
her  mother  changed  her  for  a  black  child. 
The  eunuch  Arse^tes  (3  syl.)  was  entrusted 
with  the  infant  Clorinda,  and  as  he  was 
g«ing  through  a  forest,  saw  a  tiger, 
dropped  the  child,  and  sought  safety  in 
a  tree.  The  tiger  took  the  babe  and 
suckled  it,  after  which  the  eunuch  carried 
the  child  to  Egypt.  In  the  siege  of  Jeru- 
salem by  the  crusaders,  Clorinda  was  a 
leader  of  the  pagan  forces.  Tancred  fell 
in  love  with  her,  but  slew  her  unknow- 
ingly in  a  night  attack.  Before  she  ex- 
pired she  received  Christian  baptism  at 
the  hands  of  Tancred,  who  greatly 
mourned  her  death. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered,  xii.  (1675). 

(The  story  of  Clorinda  is  borrowed  from 
the  Theai/anes  and  Charicle'a  of  Helio- 
dorus  bishop  of  Trikka.) 

Clorinda,  "the  faithful  shepherdess,"' 
called  "The  Virgin  of  the  Grove,"  faith- 
ful to  her  buried  love.  From  this  beauti- 
ful character,  Milton  has  drawn  his 
"  lady  "  in  Comus.  Compare  the  words 
of  the  "First  Brother"  about  chastity, 
in  Milton's  Comus,  with  these  lines  »t 
Clorinda : 

Yet  I  have  heard  (my  mother  told  It  me). 

And  now  I  do  believe  It.  if  I  keep 

My  virgin  tlower  uncropt,  pure,  chaste,  and  fair. 

No  goblin,  wood-g^d.  fairy,  elf.  or  fiend, 

Satyr,  or  other  power  that  haunts  the  grovat 

Shall  hurt  my  body,  or  by  vain  illusion 

Draw  me  to  wander  after  Idle  fires. 

Or  voices  calling  mo  in  dead  of  night 

To  make  me  follow,  and  so  tole  DM  on 

Through  mire  and  standing  pooh,  to  find  ajf  rate. 

•  .  •  Sure  there's  a  power 


CL0R1S. 

b  that  great  name  of  Virgin  that  binds  N/rt 

All  rud..  naeMI  blooda,  .  .  .  Tlien  stron*  CliasUly, 

he  thou  in)  strongest  psWd. 

J.  Kletchcr.  T/w  r<lit\/ul  SKafKtriUu  (1610V. 

Cloris,  the  damsel  beloved  by  prince 
PiettyilUkZL — Duke  of  Buckingham,  77m; 
Rehearacd  (1(171). 

Clotaire  (2  syl.).  The  king  of  France 
exclaimed  on  his  death-bed,  "  Oh  how 
great  mu9t  be  the  King  of  Heaven,  if  He 
can  kill  so  mighty  a  monarch  as  I  am  !  " 
— Gregory  of  Tours,  iv.  21. 

Cloten  or  Cloton,  king  of  Corn- 
wall, one  of  the  five  kings  of  Britain 
ftfter  the  extinction  of  the  line  of  Brute 
(1  syl.). — Geoff rey,  British  JJistory,  ii.  17 
(1142). 

Clo'tcn,  a  vindictive  lout,  son  of  the 
second  wife  of  Cymbeline  by  a  former 
husband.  He  is  noted  fur  "his  unmean- 
ing frown,  his  shuttling  gait,  his  burst 
of  voice,  his  bustling  insignificance,  his 
fever-and-ague  tits  of  valour,  his  froward 
tetcliiness,  his  unprincipled  malice,  and 
occasional  gleams  of  good  sense."  Cloten 
is  the  rejected  lover  of  Imogen  (the 
daughter  of  his  father-in-law  by  his  iirst 
wife),  and  is  slain  in  a  duel  by  (juiderius. 
— Shakespeare,  Cyuiljeliiie  (lo'U.r>). 

Clotha'rius  or  Clotiiaii-.k,  leader  of 
the  Franks  after  the  death  of  Hugo.  He 
is  shot  with  an  arrow  by  Clorinda. — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  xi.  (1676). 

Cloud.  A  dark  spot  on  the  forehead 
«if  a  hone  between  the  eyes  is  so  called. 
It  gives  the  creature  a  sour  look  indicative 
of  ill-temper,  and  is  therefore  regarded  as 
%  blemish. 

Afrti>pa.  He  \Antony\  has  a  cloud  In  hi*  face. 
Mnobarbui.  lie   were   the  worsw)   for   that   were  ho  a 
horse. 
Shakespeare.  A  ntony  and  CUopatra,  act  HI.  K.  2  (1608). 

Cloud  (St.),  patron  saint  of  nail-smiths. 
A  play  on  the  French  word  clou  ("a 
naif"). 

Cloudes'ley  ( WUltam  of),  a  famous 

North-country   archer,    the  Companion   of 

Adam   Bell  and    Clym  of   the  dough. 

Their  feats  of  robbery  were  chiefly  curried 
on  in  Knglewood  Forest,  near  Carlisle. 
William  was  taken  prisoner  at  Carlisle, 
and  was  about  to  be  twinged,  hut  was 
rescued  by  his  two   companions.     The 

three  then  went  to  London  to  ask  pardon 
of  th  I  king,  which  at  the  queen's  inter- 
cession wait  granted.  The  king  begged 
to  Bee  specimens  of  their  skill  in  archery, 
and  was  so  delighted  therewith,  that  he 
made  William  a  "gentleman  of  fe,"  mid 
the  other  two  "  yemeu  of  his  cliambrc." 


19S  CLUTHA. 


The  feat  of  William  was  very  oimiliT'o 
that  of  William  Tell  (q.v.).  I'ercy, 
AV/i'/'i-.s,  I.  ii.  1. 

Clout  (Colin),  a  shepherd  lored  by 
Marian  "the  parsons  maid,"  but  for 
whom   Colin   (who  l-.vod  Cicely)   felt    ne 

affection.    (See  Coi.ni  Clout.) 

Youiut  Colin  Cl.mt.  a  bwi  of  peerless  meed. 
Full  w.ill  c-mld  danca,  ami  defttj  tune  Ut<i  reed  J 
In  wnrj  yri»>.i  hii  caroli  nreai  wan  I 
At  ever/  wake  his  iilwulu  (•■  itj  van 

Gay.  /'urforuJ,  U.  (171*). 

Clout  (Lobbin),  a  shepherd,  in  love  with 
Blouzelinda.     He  challenged  Caddy  to  ■ 

contest  of  song  in  praise  of  their  respec- 
tive sweethearts,  and  Cloddipole  was 
appointed  umpire.  Cloddipole wai  unable 
to  award  the  prize,  for  each  merited  "an 
oaken  stall'  for  his  pains."  "  Have  done, 
however,  for  the  herds  are  weary  of  the 
songs,  and  so  am  1." — (Jay,  J'astoral,  i. 
(1714). 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  Eel.  iii.) 

Club-Bearer  (The),  Pcriphe'tOs,  the 
robber  of  Ar'golis,  who  murdered  his 
victims  with  an  iron  club. — Greek  Fable. 

Clumsey  [Sr  Tunbeliy),  father  of 
Miss  Hoyden.  A  mean,  ill-mannered 
squire  and  justice  of  the  peace,  living 
near  Scarborough.  Most  cringing  to  the 
aristocracy,  whom  he  toadies  and  court*. 
Sir  Tunbelly  promised  to  give  his 
daughter  in  marriage  to  lord  Foppington, 
but  Tom  Fashion,  his  Lordship's  younger 
brother,  pretends  to  be  lord  Foppington, 
gains  admission  to  the  family,  and  marries 
her.  When  the  real  lord  Foppington 
arrives,  he  is  treated  as  an  impostor,  but 
Tom  confesses  the  rose.  His  lordship 
treats  the  knight  with  such  ineffable  con- 
tempt, that  sir  Tunbelly's  temper  is 
aroused,  and  Tom  is  received  into  high 
favour. — Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Searbvrou.jh 
(1777). 

*„*  This  character  appears  in  \  an- 
brugh's  /fofamas,  of  which  comedy  the 
Trip  t"  Boarborongh  is  an  abridgment 
and  adaptation. 

Clumsey,  the  name  of  Belgrade's  dog. 

Clu'rieuune  (S  syi.),  u  Irish  elf  of 

evil   disposition,    especially  noted    f « >r   Iim 
knowledge  of  hid  treason.     He  generally 
assumes  the  appearance  of  ii  wrink  I 
man. 

Clu'tha,  the  Clyde. 

I  canie  In  my  hmindlnt:  aliip  lo  l'-alr-lutlm  p  walls  of 
towers  The  wind,  had  roared  behind  no  sails.  sjiS 
IXiiUia's  stream  rociUid  in,  1U1I  l..>n,»l  atdp  ■—'--. 
Osfwiosa. 


CLUTTERBUCK. 


200 


COATEL. 


Clutterbuck  (Captain),  the  hypo- 
thetical editor  of  some  of  sir  Walter 
Scott's  novels,  as  The  Monastery  and 
The  Fortunes  of  Nigel.  Captain  Clutter- 
buck  is  a  retired  officer,  who  employs 
himself  in  antiquarian  researches  and 
literary  idleness.  The  Abbot  is  dedicated 
by  the  "author  of  Waverley"  to  "cap- 
tain Clutterbuck,"  late  of  his  majesty's 
infantry  regiment. 

Clym  of  the  Clough  ("  Clement 
of  the  Cliff"),  a  noted  outlaw,  associated 
with  Adam  Bell  and  William  of  Cloudea- 
loy,  in  Knglewood  Forest,  near  Carlisle. 
When  William  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Carlisle,  and  was  about  to  be  hanged, 
Adam  and  Clym  shot  the  magistrates, 
and  rescued  their  companion.  The 
mayor  with  his  posse  went  out  against 
them,  but  they  shot  the  mayor,  as  they 
had  done  the  sheriff,  and  fought  their 
way  out  of  the  town.  They  then  hastened 
to  London  to  beg  pardon  of  the  king, 
which  was  granted  them  at  the  queen's 
intercession.  The  king,  wishing  to  see  a 
specimen  of  their  shooting,  was  so  de- 
lighted at  their  skill  that  he  made  Wil- 
liam a  "  gentleman  of  fe,"  and  the  other 
two  "  yeinen  of  his  chambre." — Percy, 
Reliques  ("  Adam  Bell,"  etc.,  I.  ii.  1). 

Cly'tie,  a  water-nymph,  in  love  with 
Apollc.  Meeting  with  no  return,  she  waa 
changed  into  a  sunflower,  or  rather  a 
touritcsol,  which  still  turns  to  the  sun, 
following  him  through  his  daily  course. 

The  sunflower  does  not  turn  to  the  sun. 
On  the  same  stem  may  be  seen  flowers  in 
every  direction,  and  not  one  of  them 
shifts  the  direction  in  which  it  has  first 
opened.     T.  Moore  (1814)  says  : 

The  sunflower  turns  on  her  god,  when  he  sets, 
Thosamo  look  which  she  turned  when  he  rose. 

This  may  do  in  poetry,  but  it  is  not 
correct.  The  sunflower  is  so  called 
simply  because  the  flower  resembles  a 
picture  sun. 

Lord  Thurlow  (1821)  adopted  Tom 
Moore's  error,  and  enlarged  it: 

Behold,  my  dear,  this  lofty  flower 
That  now  the  golden  sun  ru fives; 

Vo  other  deity  baa  power, 
But  only  Fheebus,  on  her  leaves; 

As  he  in  i-adlant  glory  hums, 

From  east  to  west  her  visage  turns. 

The  Sun/Uncer. 

ClytUS,  an  old  officer  in  the  army  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  and  subsequently  in 
that  of  Alexander.  At  a  banquet,  when 
b-'th  were  heated  with  wine,  Clytus  said 
U  Alexander,  "  Philip  fought  men,  but 
Alexander  women,"  and  after  some  other 
insults,   Alexander  in  his  rage  stabbed 


the  old  soldier ;   but  instantly  repented 
and  said : 

What  has  my  vengeance  done  f 
Who  Is  it  thou  hasi  slain  f    Clytus?    What  wee  he 
The  (aithfullest  subject,  worthiest  counsellor. 
The  bravest  soldier,     lie  who  saved  my  life. 
Fighting  bare-headed  at  the  river  Granic 
For  a  rash  word,  spoke  in  the  heat  of  wine. 
The  poor,  the  honest  Clytus  thou  hast  slain, — 
Clytus,  thy  friend,  thy  guardian,  thy  preserver  I 

N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Oreat,  lv.  2  (1678). 

Cne'us,  the  Roman  officer  in  com- 
mand of  the  guard  set  to  watch  the  tomb 
of  Jesus,  lest  the  disciples  should  steal 
the  body,  and  then  declare  that  it  had 
risen  from  the  dead. — Klopstock,  Ths 
Messiah,  xiii.  (1771). 

Coaches,  says  Stow,  in  his  Chronicie, 
were  introduced  by  Fitz-Allen,  earl  of 
Arundel,  in  1580. 

Before  the  cosUy  coach  and  silken  stock  came  In. 

Drayton,  Polyolbtim,  xvi.  (1813). 

Coals.  To  carry  coals,  to  put  up  with 
all  rmits.  The  boy  says  in  Henry  Y. 
(act  iii.  bc.  2),  "  I  knew  .  .  .  the  men 
would  carry  coals."  So  in  Romeo  ana 
Juliet  (act  i.  bc  1),  "  Gregory,  o'  my 
word,  we'll  not  carry  coals."  Pen  Jon- 
son,  in  Every  Man  out  of  His  Jfumour, 
says  •  "  Here  comes  one  that  will  carry 
coals,  eryo,  will  hold  my  dog." 

The  time  hath  been  when  I  would  'a  scorned  to  carry 
coals.— K.,  Troubles  of  Oueene  AiiiaUth  (1S3H). 

(To  carry  corn,  is  to  bear  wealth, 
to  be  rich.  lie  does  not  carry  corn  veil, 
"  lie  does  nut  deport  himself  well  in  his 
prosperity.") 

Co'an  (The),  Hippocrates, the  "Fathei 
of  Medicine"  (n.c.  4G0-357). 

.  .  .  the  great  Coan,  him  whom  Nature  made 
To  serve  the  costliest  croaUire  of  her  tribe  [man]. 
bants,  1'urgatory.  xxli.  (13U8). 

Co'anocot'zin  (5  syl.),  king  of  the 
Az'tecas.  Slain  in  battle  by  Madoc. — 
Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Co'atel.  daughter  of  AculTiua,  a  priest 
of  the  Az  tecas,  and  wife  of  Lincoya. 
Lincoya,  being  doomed  for  sacrifice, 
fled  for  refuge  to  Madoc,  the  Welsh 
prince,  who  had  recently  landed  on  the 
N  rth  American  coast,  and  waa  kindly 
entreated  by  him.  This  gave  Coatcl 
a  sympathetic  interest  in  the  White 
strangers,  and  she  was  not  backward  in 
showing  it.  Thus,  when  young  Hoel 
was  kidnapped,  and  confined  in  a  cavern 
to  starve  to  death,  Coat.el  visited  him  and 
took  him  food.  Again,  when  prince 
Madoc  was  entrapped,  she  contrived  to 
release  him,  and  assisted  the  prince  to 
carry  off  youDg  Iloel.     After  the  defeat 


COBB. 

of  the  Az'tecas  by  the  White  strangers, 
the  chief  priest  declared  that  some  one 

hud  proved  a  traitor,  and  resolved  to  dis- 
cover who  it  was  by  handing  round  a  cap, 
which  he  said  would  be  harmless  to  the 
innocent,  but  death  to  the  guilty.  When 
it  was  handed  to  Coatel,  she  was  so 
frightened  that  she  dropped  down  dead. 
Her  father  stabbed  himself,  and  "fell 
upon  his  child,"  and  when  Lincoya  heard 
thereof,  he  flung  himself  down  from  astecp 
precipice  on  to  the  rocks  below. — Southe  >', 

Modoc  (1805). 

Cobb  (Ephraim),  in  Cromwell's  troop. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Com- 
monwealth). 

Cobbler-Poet  (The),  Hans  Sachs 
of  Nuremberg.  (See  Twklvk  Wish 
Mabtbbs.) 

Cobham  (Eleanor),  wife  of  Hum- 
phrey duke  of  Gloucester,  and  aunt  of 
king  Henry  YL,  compelled  to  do  penance 
bare-foot  in  a  sheet  in  London,  and  after 
that  to  live  in  the  Isle  of  Man  in  banish- 
ment, for  "  sorcery."  In  2  Henri/  VI., 
Shakespeare  makes  queen  Margaret  "  box 
her  ears,"  but  this  could  not  be,  as 
Eleanor  was  banished  three  years  before 
Margaret  came  to  England. 

Stand  forth,  dame  Eleanor  Cobhain,  Gtoster's  wife  .  .  . 
You,  madam  .  .  .  daspoiJed  of  your  honour  .  .  . 
Khali,  after  three  days'  open  penance  done, 
Live  in  your  country  here  in  banishment, 
With  sir  John  Stanley,  in  the  hue  of  Man. 

Shakespeare,  ••  Henri/  VI.  act  ii.  sc.  3  (1591). 

Cocagne  (The  Land  of),  a  poem  full 
of  life  and  animation,  by  Hans  Sachs, 
the  cobbler,  called  "The  prince  of  mcis- 
ter-singers  "  (1494-1674).-  SeeOockaigne. 

Cock  and  Pie.    Douee  explains  thus: 

In  the  days  of  chivalry  it  was  the  practice  to  make 
rn]<  nin  VOWI  for  the  performance  Of  any  considerable 
enterprise  This  was  usually  done  "i  Kane  festival,  when 
i  peacock,  being  wred  up  In  ■  dlafa  of  l-<-i«i  or 
silver,  wai  prceented  i"  the  knight,  who  U,cu  made  his. 
vow  with  great  solemnity. 

Cock  of  Westminster  (The). 
Castell,  a  Bhoemaker,  was  so  called  bom 

his  very  early  hours.  He  was  one  of  the 
benefactors  of  Christ's  Hospital  (London). 

Cockade. 

The  Black  Cockade.  Badge  of  the 
house  of  Hanover,  worn  at  first  only  by 
the  servants  of  the  royal  household,  the 

diplomatic   corps,    the    army,    ami   navy; 

but  now  worn  by  the  servants  of  justices, 
deputy-lieutenants,  and  officers  both  of 

the  militia  and  volunteers. 

vde.    (l)  Badge  of  the 

Stunrts,  ami  hence  of  tin'  Jacobites.  (2) 
Badge  of  the  Hourbons,  and  hence  of  the 
rcyalibts  of  Franc, . 


201  COCKLE. 

The  White  and  Badge 

worn  by  the  French  in  the  "  Seven  Yean' 
War"  (1756). 

The  Blue  and  /  .     P.adge  of 

the  city  of  Paris  from  1789. 

The  1'riculuur  was  the  union  of  the 
white  Bourbon  and  blue  and  red  of  the 
city  of  Paris.  It  was  adopted  by 
Louis  XVI.  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 
July  17,  1780,  and  has  ever  since  been 
recognized  as  the  national  symbol,  ex- 
cept during  the  brief  "restoration,"  when 
the  Hourbon  white  was  for  the  time 
restored. 

Royal  Cockades  are  large  and  circular, 
half  the  disc  projects  above  the  top  of 
the  hat. 

Naval  Cockades  have  no  fan-shaped 
appendage,  and  do  not  project  above  the 
top  of  the  hat. 

(All  other  cockades  worn  for  livery 
are  fan-shaped.) 

Cockaigne'  (  The  Land  of),  an  imagi- 
nary land  of  pleasure,  wealth,  luxury, 
and  idleness.  London  is  so  called. 
Boileau  applies  the  -uor.1  to  Paris.  The 
Land  of  Cokavne  is  the  subject  of  a  bur- 
lesque, which, Warton  says,  "was  evi- 
dently written  soon  after  the  Conquest,  at 
least  before  the  rek;n  of  Henry  II." 
— History  of  English  Poetry,  i.  12. 

The  houses  were  made  of  barley-engar  and  cakes,  the 
streets  were  paved  with  neatly,  and  the  risopa  ■applied 
goods  without  nquirihL'  money  in  paymeniv-  /''»*  lAind 

of  Obcatttpvli  Ian  old  French  p. ►em,  thirteenth  century). 

(This  satirical  poem  is  printed  at 
length  by  Ellis,  in  las  Specimens  of  Early 
L'n.;lish  Poets,  i.  88-95.) 

Cocker  (Edward)  published  a  useful 
treatise  on  arithmetic  in  the  ni_;n  of 
Charles  II.,  which  had  a  prodigious  suc- 
cess,   and  has  given   rise  to   the   proverb, 

"According  to  Cocker"  (1682  lo75). 

Cockle  (Sir  John),  the  miller  of 
Mansfield,    and     keeper    of     Sherwood 

Forest.  Healing  a  gun  lifed  one  night, 
he  nent  into  the  forest,  expecting  to  linii 
poa.-hers,  and  seized  the  king  i  Henry 
Y  I  1  I .  ).  u  ho  had  been  bunting  and  !. 

ted  From  ins  courtiers.     Whin  tho 
miller  discovered  that  his  captive  n 
a  poacher,  he  offered  him  a  night's  lodging. 
Next  day  the  courtiers  were  brought  u> 

Cockle's  house  by  under ■  keeper.-., 
examined  as  poachers,  and  it  was  then 
■  red  that  the  miller's  guest  wag 
the  king.  The  "  merry  monarch  " 
knighted  the  miller,  and  settled  on  him 
lOOO  marks  a  \ear. — K.  I'od.-ley,  Tkt 
Kin-;  and  tht   hfiilt  r  of  MansjU  Id  (.1787). 


COCKLE  OF  REBELLION. 


202 


COLE. 


Cockle  of  Rebellion  {The),  that 
is  the  weed  called  the  cockle,  not  the 
crustacean. 

We  nourish  'gainst  our  senate 
The  cockle  of  rebellion. 

Shakespeare,  Coriolanut.  act  lli.  sc  1  (1609). 

Cockney  {Nicholas),  a  rich  city 
grocer,  brother  of  Barnacle.  Priscilla 
Tomboy,  of  the  West  Indies,  is  placed 
under  his  charge  for  her  education. 

Walter  Cockney,  son  of  the  grocer,  in 
the  shop.  A  conceited  young  prig,  not 
yet  out  of  the  quarrelsome  age.  He 
makes  boy-love  to  Priscilla  Tomboy  and 
Miss  La  Blond  ;  but  says  he  will  "  tell 
papa  "  if  thev  cross  him. 

Penelope  Cockney,  sister  of  Walter. — 
The  Romp  (altered  from  Bickerstaff's 
Love  in  the  City). 

Cockpit  of  Europe.  Belgium  is  so 
called  because  it  has  been  the  site  of  more 
European  battles  than  any  other :  e.g. 
Oudenarde,  Kamillies,  Fontenoy,  Fleu- 
rus,  Jemmapes,  Ligny,  Quatre  Bras, 
Waterloo,  etc. 

Cocy'tus,  one  of  the  five  rivers  of 
hell.  The  word  means  the  "  river  of 
weeping"  (Greek,  kukno,  "I  lament"),  be- 
cause "into  this  river  fall  the  tears  of  the 
wicked."  The  other  four  rivers  are  Styx, 
Ach'eron,  Phleg'ethon,  and  Le'the.  (See 
Styx.) 

Coeytus,  named  of  lamentation  loud, 
Heard  on  the  rueful  ■mm. 

Milton,  1'aradite  Lost,  ii.  579  (1G6S). 

Ccelebs'  Wife,  a  bachelor's  ideal  of 
a  model  wife.  Calebs  is  the  hero  of  a 
novel  by  Mrs.  Hannah  More,  entitled 
Caelcbs  in  Search  of  a  Wife  (1809). 

In  short  she  was  a  walking  calculation, 

Hiss  K-lgeworth's  noveh  stepping  from  their  covers. 
Or  Mrs.  Trimmer's  books  on  educaiiuu. 

Or  '  Coclebs'  wife  "  set  out  in  quest  of  lovers. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  L  16  (1819). 

Coffin  {Long  Tom),  the  best  sailor 
character  ever  drawn.  He  is  introduced 
in  The  Tilot,  a  novel  by  J.  Fenimore 
Cooper,  of  New  York.  Cooper's  novel 
has  been  dramatized  by  E.  Fitzball, 
under  the  same  name,  and  Long  Tom 
Collin  preserves  in  the  burletta  his  reck- 
less daring,  his  unswerving  fidelity,  hi3 
simple-minded  affection,  and  his  love  for 
the  sea. 

Cogia  Houssain,  the  captain  of 
forty  thieves,  outwitted  by  Morgiana,  the 
slave.  When,  in  the  guise  of  a  mer- 
chant, he  was  entertained  by  Ali  Baba, 
and  refused  to  eat  any  salt,  the  suspicions 
cf  Morgiana  were  aroused,  and  she  soon 
detected  him  to  be  the  captain  of  the  forty 
thieves.     After   supper   she   amused   her 


master  and  his  guest  with  dancing ;  then 
playing  with  Cogia's  dagger  for  a  time, 
she  plunged  it  suddenly  into  his  heart 
and  killed  him. — Arabian  Nights  ("Ali 
Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves  "). 

Coi'la  (2  syl.),  Kyle,  in  Ayrshire.  So 
called  from  Coilus,  a  Pictish  monarch. 
Sometimes  all  Scotland  is  so  called, 
as: 

Farewell,  old  (Vila's  hills  and  dales, 
Her  heath/  moors  and  winding  vale*. 

Burn*. 

Cola'da,  the  sword  taken  by  the  Cid 
from  Ramon  Bcr'enger,  count  of  Barte- 
lo'na.  This  sword  had  two  hilts  of  solid 
gold. 

Col'ax.  Flatterv  personified  in  The 
Purple  Island  (1G33),  by  Phineas  Flet- 
cher. Colax  "all  his  words  with  sugar 
spices  .  .  .  lets  his  tongue  to  sin,  and 
takes  rent  of  shame  .  .  .  His  art  \was] 
to  hide  and  not  to  heal  a  sore."  Fully 
described  in  canto  viii.  (Greek,  kOlax, 
"  a  flatterer  or  fawner.") 

Colbrand  or  Colebrond  (2  syl.), 
the  Danish  giant,  slain  in  the  presence  of, 
king  Athelstan,  by  sir  Guy  of  Warwick, 
just  returned  from  a  pilgrimage,  still 
"  in  homely  russet  clad,"  and  in  his  h  ind 
"  a  hermit's  staff."  The  combat  is 
described  at  length  by  Drayton,  in  his 
Polyolbion,  xii. 

One  could  scarcely  !>car  his  axe  .  .  . 

Whose  squares   were  laid  with  plates,  said  riveted  with 

steel. 
And  armed   down  along  with  pikes,  whose    hardened 

points 
.  .  .  had  power  to  tear  Uie  Joints 
Of  cuirass  or  of  mail. 

Drayton.  Polyolbum.  riL  (1613). 

Colchos,  part  of  Asiatic  Scythia, 
now  called  Mingrelia.  The  region  to 
which  the  Argonauts  directed  their 
course. 

Cold  Harbour  House,  the  origi- 
nal Heralds'  College,  founded  by  Richard 
II.,  in  Poultney  Lane.  Henry  VII. 
turned  the  heralds  out,  and  gave  the 
house  to  bishop  Tunstal. 

Coldstream  {Sir  Charles),  the  chief 
character  in  Charles  Mathew's  play  called 
Used  Up.  He  is  wholly  ennuye",  sees 
nothing  to  admire  in  anything  ;  but  is  a 
living  personification  of  mental  inanity 
and  physical  imbecility. 

Cole  (1  syl.),  a  legendary  British 
king,  described  as  "a  merry  old  soul," 
fond  of  his  pipe,  fond  of  his  glass,  and 
fond  of  his  "  fiddlers  three."  There  were 
two  kings  so  called — Cole  (or  Coil  I.)  was 
the  predecessor  of  Porrex  ;  but  Coil  11. 


COLE. 


S03       fJOLLINGBOURNE'S  RHYME. 


was  succeeded  by  Lucius,  "the  lir't 
British  king  who  embraced  the  Christian 
religion."  Which  of  these  two  mythical 
kings  the  song  refers  to  is  not  evident. 

Cole  (Mrs.).  This  character  is  de- 
signed for  Mother  Douglas,  who  kept  a 
"gentlemen's  magazine  of  frail  beauties" 
In  a  superbly  furnished  house  at  the 
north-east  comer  of  Covent  Garden.  She 
died  1761.— S.  Foote,  T/te  Minor  (1760). 

Coloin  (2  syl.),  the  great  dragon 
slain  by  sir  lievia  of  Southampton. — 
Drayton,  J'olyolbion,  ii.  (1612). 

Colenii'ra  (3  syl.),  a  poetical  name 
for  a  cook.  The  word  is  compounded  of 
coal  and  mire. 

•'Could  I."  be  cried.  "  express  how  bright  a  grace 
Adorn*  thy  morning  hand!  and  w< •!!-«. i  I..-.I  i.wv, 
Thou  woulddt.  Coleuitra.  grunt  what  1  implore, 
And  yield  uie  love,  or  wash  Uiv  hwe  no  more." 

Shenstone.  Culttnira  tun  eclogue). 

Oole'pepper  (Captain)  or  Captain 
PSPFBBCUXL,  the  Alsatian  bully. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  L). 

Colin,  or  in  Scotch  Cailen,  Green 
Colin,  the  laird  of  Dunstaffnage,  so  called 
from  the  green  colour  which  prevailed  in 
his  tartan. 

Colin  and  Rosalinde.  In  The 
8hephearaV>  Calendar  (1679),  by  Edm. 
S|>enser,  Losalinde  is  the  maiden  vainly 
beloved  by  Colin  Clout,  as  Iter  choice  na 
already  fixed  on  the  shepherd  Menalcas. 
Kosalinde  is  an  anagram  of  "  RoBe 
Danil,"  a  lady  beloved  by  Spenser  (Colin 
Clout),  but  Rose  Danil  had  already  fixed 
her  affections  on  John  llorio  the  Reso- 
lute, whom  she  subsequently  married. 

And  1  to  thee  will  tie  in  kind 
Ai  Colin  wm  to  Boat 
Of  courted  c  ih.'  Ilow.r. 

M.  Dayton,  ItomaUl  (lfi«3). 

Colin  Clout,  the  pastoral  name  as- 
sumed ii_v  the  poet  Spenser,  in  The  Shep- 
hearde's  Calendar,  The  Ruins  of  Time. 
Daphnaida,aad  in  the  pastoral  poem  called 

(''//m  Clout' a  Cume  Home  Ajiiin  (from  his 
visit  to  sir  Waller  Raleigh).  Eel,  i.  and 
xii.  are  soliloquies  of  Colin,  l>.'in.:  lamen- 
tations  that  Rosalinde  will  not  return  his 
love.  EcL  vi.  is  a  dialogue  between  II  t  >  i  > — 
binulanil  Colin,  in  which  the  former  tries 
t"  comfort  the  disappointed  lover,  Ed. 
xi.  id  a  dialogue  between  Thenot  and 
Colin.  Thenot  begs  Colin  to  sing  some 
■  lay  ;  bat  Colin  pleads  grief  i  >i 
the  death  of  the  shepherdess  Dido,  and 
I         tags  a  monody  on  the  great 


berdesi  deceased.  In  eel.  vi.  we  are  told 
that  Rosalinde  has  betrothed  herself  to 
the  shepherd  Bfenalca 

in  the  bust  hook  of  the  Fairy  Queen, 
wc  have  a  reference  to  "Colin  and  his 
lassie  "  (Spenser  and  his  wife)  supposed 
to  be  Elizabeth,  and  elsewhere  called 
"Mirabella."     (S  etc.) 

our  Colin,  whom  Uio'  all  tho  Graoca 
And  ill  Hi"  Mi  ai  nur-sfl  .   .  . 
Yet  alibi    bopoa  ran    roand    ci  saiu  daoladl 
I>Ucourugi-d.  acorned,  hLi  writings  vilitlod. 
Pourlj.  pool  nun.,  ba  111  ■  num.  he  dial 

I'll    Kictcber,  TKa  I'ur^U  Itiaiul.  I.  1  (liIB). 

Colin  Clout  and  his  Lassie,  referred  t/i 

in  the  last  book  of  the  Fairy  Queen,  are 
Spenser  and  his  wife  Elizabeth,  elsewhere 

called  "Mirabella"  (1596). 

Colin  Clout's  Come  Home  Again. 
"Colin  Clout"  is  Spenser,  who  had  I 
London  on  a  visit  to  "the  Shepherd  of  the 
<  Ijcean  "  (sir  Walter  Raleigh),  in  15& 
his  return    to   Kilcolman,   in    Ireland,   he 
wrote  this  poem.    "  Hobbinol "  his  J 
(Gabriel   Harvey,   I.L.I).)   tells  him  how 
all  the  shepherds  had  missed   him,  and 
begs  him   to   relate  to  him   and  them  his 

adventures  while  abroad.    The  ps 

contains  a  eulogy  of  British  contemporary 
poets,  and  of  the  court  beauties  of  queen 
Elizabeth  (1591).     (bee  C.i.v.s.) 

Colin  Tampon,  the  nickname  of  a 
Swiss,  as  John  liull  means  an  English- 
man, etc. 

Colkitto  (Young),  or"Vieh  Alistor 
More,"  or  "  Alister  M'Donnell,"  a  High- 
land chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Alontrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Collean  {May),  the  heroine  of  a 
Scotch  ballad,  which  relates  how  "fuss 
sir  John"  carried  her  to  a  rock  for  tho 
purpose  of  throwing  her  down  into  tho 
sea  !  hut  May  outwitted  him,  and  sub- 
jected hi  in  to  the  Bams  fate  as  he  had 
designed  for  her. 

Colleen',  i.e.  "girl;"  Colleen  bawn 

("the   hi. m.l   rirl  ")  ;   Colleen  rhue  ("th# 

red  haired  girl " 

%*  Dion  Boucicault  has  a  dran 
titled  Th<  Collet  i   !■■>■   '.  founded  npoo 
Qerald  Qriffin'a  norel  '/"••  Colle* 

Coll.-    '  S.r   W. 

.  1 1.). 
Collingbourne's    Rhyme.      The 
rhyme     for     which     CollingbounM     w«j 
ftZeCUtl  d  was  : 

A  cut.  n  ml.  »■ 

Bult  .ill  KtUjUnl  under  Ui.  I     . 


COLLINGWOOD,  ETC. 


204 


COLONNA. 


for  where  I  meant  the  king  [Richard  ///.]  by  name  of 

hog, 
I  only  ulluded  to  the  badge  he  bore  [a  boar] ; 
To  LovoTu  nartie  1  added  more — our  dog — 
Because  most  dogs  have  borne  that  name  of  yore. 
These  metaphors  1  used  with  other  more. 
As  cat  and  rat,  the  half-names  [Catesbye,  Itatcliffe]   of 

the  rest, 
%j  hide  the  sense  that  they  so  wrongly  wrest. 

Tu.  Sackville,  A  ilirrour  for  MagUtraytei 
("  Complayut  of  Collingbourne  "). 

Collingwood  and  the  Acorns. 
Collingwood  never  saw  a  vacant  place  in 
his  estate,  but  he  took  an  acorn  out  of  his 
pocket  and  popped  it  in. — Thackerav, 
Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

Colmal,  daughter  of  Dunthalmo 
lord  of  Teutha  (the  Tweed).  Her  father, 
having  murdered  Rathmor  in  his  halls, 
brought  up  the  two  young  sons  of  the  latter, 
Calthon  and  Colmar,  in  his  own  house ; 
but  when  grown  to  manhood  he  thought  he 
detected  a  suspicious  look  about  them, 
and  he  shut  them  up  in  two  separate  caves 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed,  intending  to 
kill  them.  Colmal,  who  was  in  love 
with  Calthon,  set  him  free,  and  the  two 
made  good  their  escape  to  the  court  of 
Fingal.  Fingal  sent  Ossian  with  300 
men  to  liberate  Colmar  ;  but  when  Dun- 
thalmo heard  thereof,  he  murdered  the 
prisoner.  Calthon,  being  taken  captive, 
was  bound  to  an  oak,  but  was  liberated 
by  Ossian,  and  joined  in  marriage  to  Col- 
mal, with  whom  he  lived  lovingly  in  the 
halls  of  Teutha.— Ossian,  Calthon  and 
Colmal. 

Colmar,  brother  of  Calthon.  When 
quite  young  their  father  was  murdered 
by  Dunthalmo,  who  came  against  him 
by  night,  and  killed  him  in  his  banquet 
hall ;  but  moved  by  pity,  he  brought  np 
the  two  boys  in  his  own  house.  When 
grown  to  manhood,  he  thought  he  ob- 
served mischief  in  their  looks,  and 
therefore  shut  them  up  in  two  separate 
cells  on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed.  Colmal, 
the  daughter  of  Dunthalmo,  who  was  in 
love  with  Calthon,  liberated  him  from 
his  bonds,  and  they  fled  to  Fingal  to 
crave  aid  on  behalf  of  Colmar;  but 
before  succour  could  arrive,  Dunthalmo 
had  Colmar  brought  before  him,  "  bound 
with  a  thousand  thongs,"  and  slew  him 
with  his  spear. — Ossian,  Calthon  and 
Colmal. 

Colmes-kill,  now  called  Icolmkill, 
the  famous  lona,  one  of  the  Western 
Islands.  It  is  I-colm-kill ;  "  I  "=island, 
"colm  "=Columb  (St.),  and  "kill"  = 
bterying-place  ("the  burying-ground  in 
St.  Columb's  Isle"). 


Roue.  Where  is  Duncan's  body  I 
Macduff.  Carried  to  Colmes-kill  ; 

The  sacred  store-house  of  his  predecessors. 

And  guardian  of  their  bones. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act  iL  sc  4  (1606) 

Colna-Dona  ("love  of  heroes"), 
daughter  of  king  Car'ul.  Fingal  sent 
Ossian  and  Toscar  to  raise  a  memorial 
on  the  banks  of  the  Crona,  to  perpetuate 
the  memory  of  a  victory  he  had  obtained 
there.  Carul  invited  the  two  young 
men  to  his  hall,  and  Toscar  fell  in  love 
with  Colna-Dona.  The  passion  being 
mutual,  the  father  consented  to  their 
espousals. — Ossian,  Colna-Dona. 

Cologne  (The  three  kings  of),  the 
three  Magi,  called  Gaspar,  Melchior,  and 
Baltha'zar.  Gaspar  means  "  the  white 
one  ;  "  Melchior,  "  king  of  light ; " 
Balthazar,  "  lord  of  treasures."  Klop- 
stock,  in  The  Messiah,  says  there  were 
six  Magi,  whom  he  calls  Hadad,  Sel'ima, 
Zimri,  Mirja,  Beled,  and  Sunith. 

*#*  The  "three"  Magi  are  variously 
named ;  thus  one  tradition  gives  them 
as  Apellius,  Amerus,  and  Damascus ; 
another  calls  them  Magalath,  Galgalath, 
and  Sarasin ;  a  third  says  they  were 
Ator,  Sator,  and  Perat'oras.  They  are 
furthermore  said  to  be  descendants  of 
Balaam  the  Mesopotamian  prophet. 

Colon,  one  of  the  rabble  leaders  in 
Iludibras,  is  meant  for  Noel  Perryan  or 
Ned  Perry,  an  ostler.  He  was  a  rigid 
puritan  "  of  low  morals,"  and  very  fond 
of  bear-baiting. 

Colonna  (The  marquis  of),  a  high- 
minded,  incorruptible  noble  of  Naples. 
He  tells  the  young  king  bluntly  that  his 
oily  courtiers  are  vipers  who  would  suck 
his  life's  blood,  and  that  L»dov'ico,  hia 
chief  minister  and  favourite,  is  a  traitor. 
Of  course  he  is  not  believed,  and  Lndo- 
vico  marks  him  out  for  vengeance.  His 
scheme  is  to  get  Colonna,  of  his  own 
free  will,  to  murder  his  sister's  lover  and 
the  king.  With  this  view  he  artfully 
persuades  Vicentio,  the  lover,  that 
Evadne  (the  sister  of  Colonna)  is  the 
king's  wanton.  Vicentio  indignantly 
discards  Evadnfi,  is  challenged  to  fight 
by  Colonna,  and  is  supposed  to  be  killed. 
Colonna,  to  revenge  his  wrongs  on  the 
king,  invites  him  to  a  banquet  with 
intent  to  murder  him,  when  the  whole 
scheme  of  villainy  is  exposed  :  Ludovico 
is  slain,  and  Vicentio  marries  Evadne.— 
Shiel,  Evadne  or  the  Statue  (18'20). 

Colonna,  the  most  southern  cape  of 
Attica.    Falconer  makes  it  the  site  of  hi* 


COLOPHON. 


KNS 


COMEDY  OF  ERRORS. 


"shipwreck"  (canto  iii.)  ;  and  Hymn 
says  the  isJes  of  (ireece, 

.  .  .  xwii  from  far  Udunna't  height. 

Mlki-  ul:i,|  the  b.-irt  lli.lt  lulls  lliu  .lnht. 
And  lend  to  lullclilic* 

hyron.  The  Qiaour  (1813). 

Col'ophon,  the  end  clause  of  :i  I k 

containing  the  names  of  the  printer  and 
publisher,  and  the  place  where  the  book 
was  printed:   in  former  times  the  date 

and  the  edition  were  added  also.  Colo- 
phon  was  a  city  of  lona,  the  inhabitants 
of  which  were  such  excellent  horsemen 
that  they  could  turn  the  scale  of  battle  ; 
Sence  the  Greek  proverb  to  add  a  colo- 
phon meant  to  "  put  a  finishing  stroke 
to  an  affair." 

Colossos  (Latin,  Colossus),  a  gi- 
gantic brazen  statue  126  feet  high, 
;uted  by  Chares  for  the  Rhodians. 
Blaise  de  Vignenore  says  it  was  a  striding 
figure,  but  conite  de  Caylus  proves  that 
it  was  not  so,  and  did  not  even  statu  1  at 
the  month  of  the  Rhodian  port.  Philo 
tells  us  that  it.  stood  on  a  hlvcJi  of  white 
marble,  and  Lucius  Ampellius  asserts 
that  it  stood  in  a  oar.  Tickell  makes  out 
the  statue  to  be  so  enormous  in  size, 
that— 

While  at  one  foot  the  thronging  gallcyi  ride, 
A  wh<  >le  hour's  sail  scarce  reached  the  further  aide  ; 
rh-twlxt  tlie  brazen  thigh.*.  In  loose  array, 
Tun  thousand  streamers  on  the  billows  |>lay. 

IUuU,  On  fto  l'rut/<ct  of  Pane*. 

Col'thred  (Benjamin)  or  "  Little 
Benjie,"  a  spy  employed  by  Nixon 
(lid ward  Redgauntlets  agent). — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Columb  (St.)  or  St.  Coiumba  was 
of  the  family  of  the  kings  of  Ulster; 
aud      with      twelve      followers      founded 

amongst  the  Picta  and  Scots  800  chris- 
tian establishments  of  presbyterian  cha- 

mcter ;    that    in    lo'na    was    founded    m 

6i;y. 

Tlie  Plctlih  men  by  Bt.  Chimb  taught 

Cajiii'btll.  Kaullum. 

Columbus.      His     three    ships    were 

the  Bani '  Maria,  (he  Pmta,  and  the 
ATmio.— Washington  Irving,  outcry  of 
the  Life,  etc.,  of  Oolumbut,  188. 

Colyn  Clout  (  The  ■  rhym- 

ing six-syllable  tirade  again 
by  John   Bkalton,   poet-laureate  (14G0- 
L529). 

Comal  aud  Galbi'na.    Comal  was 

I  he   son   of  Albion,    '-chief  of  a   hundred 

lulls."     lie  loved  Galbi'na  (dauj 
Conlech),  who  was  beloved  by  Grama] 

I  >nn  day,  tired  out  bj 
«  nmal  and  (jalbina  rested  in  the  > 


I:. .nan  ;    but    er"  <ared, 

and    Comal    went    fori 

During 

self  in   armour   "to  try   his  lore,"  and 

"  strode  from  the  I 

1  irumal.  let  fly  an  urr 
fril.      Thti    chief   too    l.v  ••  d    hit 

mistake,  i ashed  to  battle,  and  was  slain. 
— Ossian,  Fttigal,  ii. 

Com'ala,  daughter  of  Sazno  king  of 

■ « 
with  l'ingal  at  a  feast  to  which  Sarno 
had    invited    him    alter    his    r.tur 

irk     or     Lochlin     (Fmgai,     in.). 

Disguised  as  a  youth,  I  i 

him,  and  begged  to  be  employed  in  his 

ected  by  Hide  i 

of  Lamor,  whose  love  .-he  had  sligl 

I'm  -al    was    about    to    marry    her. 

he  was  called  to  oppose  Caracul,  who  had 
invaded  i  laledonia.    <  lomala  ■■• 

battle  from  a  hill,  thooght  shl 
slain,  and  though  he  returned  victorious, 
the  shock  i'ii  her  nerves  was  so  great  Unit 
she  died. — Ossian,  Cviimla. 

Comau'ches  (3  syl.),  an  Indian  tribe 
of  tiie  Texas.     (S<  bes.) 

Comb  (Reynard* i  Wonderful),  -aid  to 

be    made    of     I'aii'liiera's     bene,    the    per- 
fume   of  which   was   so   fragrant   that   no 

one  could   resist  Following  it ;   and  the 

wearer    of     the    comb    was    always    of    a 

merry  heart.     1  ins  comb  existed  only  in 

the    brain   of    Master    I'ox. — Reynard  V\4 
Fox,  xii.  (1498). 

Co'me  (-s'/.),  a  physician,  and  patron 

saint  of   medical  practitioti. 

"  Bj    -'  "  here'i  a  pretty 

adienture."— Lesage,  M  .'.   n.  rU.  1  \Vih). 

Come  aud  Take  Them.    ] 
ply  of  Leon'idas,  king  of  Sparta,  to  the 
messengers <  when  commanded 

by  the  invader  to  deliver  up  ins  arms. 

Com'edy  ( Tht 
aiu'-s  the  Athenian 

' 

J'rtnce    of  Kinder 

91). 

tedy  of  i]rn>rs.  by  Bhaki 

.  eon  ho.1  two 

'  a  birth,  and   named  both  of  them 

Antipholoa.     When  grown  to  mm 

each    l  ns   had    a  *Uve 

1  tromio,  also  twin-brothers.    The  I: 
Antipholus     had     bun     ihi) 


COMHAL.  206 


infancy,  and  being  picked  up  by  different 
vessels,  were  carried  one  to  Syracuse  and 
the  other  to  Epliesus.  The  play  sup- 
poses that  Antipholus  of  Syracuse  goes 
in  search  of  his  brother,  and  coming  to 
Ethesus  with  his  slave  Dromio,  a  series 
of  mistakes  arises  from  the  extraordinary 
likeness  of  the  two  brothers  and  their 
two  slaves.  Andriana,  the  wife  of  the 
Ephesian,  mistakes  the  Syracusian  for 
her  husband  ;  but  he  behaves  so 
strangely  that  her  jealousy  is  aroused, 
and  when  her  true  husband  arrives  he  is 
arrested  as  a  mad  man.  Soon  after,  the 
Syracusian  brother  being  seen,  the  wife, 
supposing  it  to  be  her  mad  husband 
broken  loose,  sends  to  capture  him  ;  but 
he  flees  into  a  convent.  Andriana  now 
lays  her  complaint  before  the  duke,  and 
the  lady  abbess  comes  into  court.  So 
both  brothers  face  each  other,  the  mis- 
takes are  explained,  and  the  abbess  turns 
out  to  be  ^Emilia  the  mother  of  the  twin- 
brothers.  Now,  it  so  happened  that 
iEgeon,  searching  for  his  son,  also  came 
to  Ephesus,  and  was  condemned  to  pay  a 
fine  or  suffer  death,  because  he,  a  Syra- 
cusian, had  set  foot  in  Ephesus.  The 
duke,  however,  hearing  the  story,  par- 
doned him.  Thus  /Kgeon  found  his  wife 
in  the  abbess,  the  parents  their  twin  sons, 
and  each  son  his  lonjj-lost  brother. 

%*  The  plot  of  this  comedy  is  copied 
from  the  MenacAmi  of  Plautus. 

Comhal  or  Combal,  son  of  Tra- 
thal,  and  father  of  Fingal.  His  queen 
was  Morna,  daughter  of  Thaddu.  Com- 
hal  was  slain  in  battle,  fighting  against 
the  tribe  of  Morni,  the  very  day  that 
Fingal  was  born. — Ossian. 

Fingal  said  to  Aldo,  "  I  was  born  in  the  midst  of 
battle." — Ossian,  The  Battle  af  Lara. 

Comines  [Cum'. in].  Philip  des  Co- 
mines,  the  favourite  minister  of  Charles 
"  the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy,  is  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Quentin  I)ur- 
ward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Coming  Events. 

And  coming  events  cast  their  shadows  before. 

Campbell,  Lochict'i  Warning. 

Comleach.  (2  syl.),  a  mountain  in 
Ulster.  The  Lubar  flows  between  Com- 
leach  and  Cromal. — Ossian. 

Commander  of  the  Faithful 
(Emir  al  Mumenin) ,  a  title  assumed  by 
Omar  I.,  and  retained  by  his  successors 
In  the  caliphate  (581,  634-644). 


COMUS. 

Commandment  ( The  Eleventh), 
Thou  shalt  not  be  found  out. 

After  all.  that  Eleventh  Commandment  Is  the  only  OH 
that  it  is  vitally  important  to  keep  in  these  days. — h.  H. 
Buxton,  Jennie  o/  tin  Prince' t,  ill.  314 

Comminges  (2  syl.)  (Count  de),  the 
hero  of  a  novel  so  called  by  Mde.  de 
Tencin  (1G81-1749). 

Committee  (The),  a  comedy  by  the 
Hon.  sir  K.  Howard.  Mr.  Day,  a  Crom- 
wellite,  is  the  head  of  a  Committee  of 
Sequestration,  and  is  a  dishonest,  canting 
rascal,  under  the  thumb  of  his  wife.  He 
gets  into  his  hands  the  deeds  of  two 
heiresses,  Anne  and  Arbella.  The  former 
he  calls  Ruth,  and  passes  her  off  as  his 
own  daughter;  the  latter  he  wants  to 
marry  to  his  booby  son  Abel.  Ruth  falls 
in  love  with  colonel  Careless,  and  Arbella 
with  colonel  Blunt.  Ruth  contrives  to 
get  into  her  hands  the  deeds,  which  she 
delivers  over  to  the  two  colonels,  and 
when  Mr.  Day  arrives,  quiets  him  by 
reminding  him  that  she  knows  of  certain 
deeds  which  would  prove  his  ruin  if 
divulged  (1670). 

T.  Knight  reproduced  this  comedy  as 
a  farce  under  the  title  of  The  Honest 
Thieves. 

Common  (Dol),  an  ally  of  Subtle 
the  alchemist. — Ben  Jonson,  The  Alc/iemist 
(1610). 

Commoner  (The  Great),  sir  John 
Barnard,  who  in  1737  proposed  to  reduce 
the  interest  of  the  national  debt  from 
4  per  cent,  to  3  per  cent.,  any  creditor 
being  at  liberty  to  receive  his  principal 
in  full  if  he  preferred  it.  William  Pitt, 
the  statesman,  is  so  called  also  (1759- 
1806). 

Comne'nus  (Alexius),  emperor  of 
Greece,  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Count  Hubert  of  J'aris  (time,  Rufus). 

Anna  Comne'na,  the  historian,  daugh- 
ter of  Alexius  Comnenus,  emperor  of 
Greece. — Same  novel. 

Compeyson,  a  would-be  gentleman 
and  a  forger.  He  duped  Abel  Magwitch 
and  ruined  him,  keeping  him  completely 
under  his  influence.  He  also  jilted  Miss 
Havisham. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Expecta- 
tions (1860). 

Com'rade  (2  syl.),  the  horse  given  by 
a  fairy  to  Fortunio. 

He  ba3  many  rare  qualities  .  .  .  first  he  eats  but  once 
in  eight  days ;  and  then  he  knows  what's  past,  present, 
and  to  come  [and  speaks  with  the  voice  of  a  man].— 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tale*  ("  Fortunio,"  1682). 

Comus,    the    god    of   revelry.      In 


OONA. 

Milton's  "masque"  so  called,  the  "lady" 
is  lady  Alice  Egerton,  the  younger 
brother  is  Mr.  Thomas  Egerton,  and  the 
elder  brother  i.s  lord  viscount  Brackley 
(eldest  son  of  John  earl  <d'  Bridgeweter, 
president    of    Wales).     The    lady,  weary 

with  long  miking,  is  left  in  a  wood  by 
her  two  brothers,  while  they  go  to  gather 
"cooling  fruit"  for  her.  She  sings  to 
let  them  know  her  whereabouts,  and 
Comus,  coming  up,  promises  to  conduct 
her  to  a  cottage  till  her  brothers  could 

be  found.    The  brothers,  hearing  a .  <• 

of  revelry,  become  alarmod  about  their 
sister,  when  her  guardian  spirit  informs 
them  that  she  has  fallen  into  the  hands 
of  Comus.  They  run  to  her  rescue,  and 
arrive  just  as  the  god  is  offering  his  cap- 
tive a  potion  ;  the  brothers  seize  the  cup 
and  dash  it  on  the  ground,  while  the  spirit 
invokes  Sabri'na,  who  breaks  the  spell 
and  releases  the  lady  (1G34). 

Co'na  or  Cok,  a  river  in  Scotland, 
falling  into  Lochlevcn.  It  is  distin- 
guished fur  the  sublimity  of  its  scenery. 

Glenn is  the  glen  held  by  the  M'Do- 

nalds  (the  chief  of  the  clan  being  called 
Maclan).  In  "  Ossian,"  the  bardOssian 
(son  of  Fingal)  is  called  "The  voice  of 
Cona." — Ossian,  Sorujs  of  Selma. 

They  prsijod  the  roko  of  Coua,  flnt  among  a  tliousuno 

■■da 

Onhui,  Songt  of  Schna. 

Conach'ar,  the  Highland  apprentice 
of  Simon  Glover,  the  obi  glover  of  Perth. 
Conachar  is  in  love  with  his  master's 
daughter,  Catharine,  called  "the  tair 
maid  of  Perth  ;"  hut  Catharine  LoveSOnd 
ultimately  marries  Henry  Smith,  the 
armourer.  Conachar  is  at  a  later  period 
Ian  Eochin  [Hector]  Bf'Ion,  chief  of  the 
clan  nuhcle.— Sir  \\  .  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
t\rtk  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Conar,  son  of  Trenmor,  and  first 
"king  of   Ireland."      When   the   Fir-bolg 

for    Bx  Iga   from    Britain  settled   in  the 

WOUth    of    Ireland)    had    reduced    the   Cm] 

(or  colony  of  Caledonians  settled  in  the 

"f  Ireland  I  to  the  last  extremity 
by  war,  the  Cocl  sent  to  Scotland  for 
md.  Trathel  (grandfather  of  Fingal) 
accordingly  sen!  over  Conar  with  an 
army  to  their  aid;  and  Conar,  having 
reduced  the  Fir-bolg  to  submission,  ■  - 
ruined  the  title  of  *'  king  --t  In  land." 
(orutr  was  succeeded  bj  hi-  ton  Cormoc 

I.  (  ortiiHC  I.  by  his  BOD  <  'airhre  ;  (  :ur- 
brr  by  his  son  Artho  ;  Arth.>  by  his  Son 
Cormac  II.  (a  minor);  and  Cormac  lafter 


207  CONI.ATH. 

a  slight    interregnum)    by    Femd-Artfco 

(restored  hy  Kingalj.— Ossian. 

Con-Cathlin  (means  "  mild  beam  of 
the  wave  ';,  the  |>ole-star. 

While  y.-l  in,  1..  ki  »  ■  -C«th!tl» 

on  kUili.  Don  OcnoTt  n.i^lity  »»re.- Osbui.  inn.i-jiVr..l. 

Conibssio     Amantis,  hv    Cower 
.  '  It    is    a 
dialogue    between   a   lover    and    I 
feasor,   a  priest  of  Venus  named   Genre*. 
As  every   vice  is   unam  ■  r  must 

be  free  from  vice  in  Older   to  !„■  amiable, 

i.e.   beloved;   consequently,   Get 

amines  the  lover  on  every  vie.-  before  be 
will  grant  him  absolution.    Taleafi 
is  introduced  hy  the  confessor,  to  show 
the  evil  effects  of  particular  vices,  ami 

the  lover  is  taught  science,  and  "  the 
Aristotelian  philosophy, "  the  better  to 
equip  him  to  win  the  love  of  his  choice. 

The  end  is  very  strange:   The   lover  does 

not  complain  that  the  lady  is  odd  urate  or 
faithless,  but  that  he  himself  has  irrown 

old. 

Cower  is  indebted  a  good  deal  to 
Eusebiua's  Creek  romaa 

Itmeni(U\  translated   by  Yiterho.      Bboke- 

epeare  drew  his  Pertaet  Prince  t 

from  the  same  romance. 

Confession.  TheemperorWeneealaa 
ordered  John  of  Nep'omucto  be  coal  from 
the  Muldau  bridge,  for  refusing  to  reveal 
the  confession  of  the  en  morti  r 

was  canonized  as  St.  John  Nepomu'een, 

and  his  day  is  May  14  (KiJO    I 

Confusion  worso  Confounded. 

WitJi  niln  ujkiii  niin.  runt  .»»  r\wt, 
OoBlteloa  want  oonAmadad. 

kuttoa,  rjriumLot.n.tujfiattai 

Congreve    (The    Modern),    l:.    H. 

Sheridan  (Col    1816). 

Tho  Bokoolftr  Scan. tut  crownol  the  rapoUU.'n  of  lha 
nodara    Ooogrera     In     1777.— CnUt,     Ubruiun    and 

Liuririuj  In  Any/uiui,  T.  7. 

Conkey  Chir  m  who 

robbed  himself  of  o-'7  guineas,  in  order  to 

make  his    fortune   by    exciting    thl 
pat.hy  of  his  aeighboun  and  0  I    « 

tale  is  told   by   detective    Blathers, — C 

Dickens,  O... 

Con'l.'itli.  _\oi.-.    .-  Morni,  and 

brother  .    uUm'* 

norm).    Conlath   was   betrothed  to  Cu- 

tho'na,  daughter  of  Kuma.  but  before   the 

espousals  Toecar  come  from  Ireland  to 
Mora,  and  was  hospitably  received  by 
Morni.    Boning    Cuthona   out    hunting, 

ToeOOl    carried    her    oil'    m    his    skiff    by 

•  nlajj 


CONNAL. 


208 


CONSTATS. 


they  both  fell  in  fight.  Three  days 
afterwards  Cuthona  died  of  grief. — 
Ossian,  Conlath  and  Cuthona. 

Connal,  son  of  Colgar  petty  king  of 
Togorma,  and  intimate  friend  of  Cuthullin 
general  of  the  Irish  tribes.  He  is  a  kind 
of  Ulysses,  who  counsels  and  comforts 
Cuthullin  in  his  distress,  and  is  the  very 
opposite  of  the  rash,  presumptuous, 
though  generous  Calniar. — Ossian,  Fmjal. 

Con'nell  {Father),  an  aged  catholic 
priest,  full  of  gentle  affectionate  feelings, 
lie  is  the  patron  of  a  poor  vagrant  boy 
called  Neddy  Fennel,  whose  adventures 
furnish  the  incidents  of  Banim's  novel 
called  Father  Connell  (1842). 

Pother  Conncll  is  not  unworthy  of  association  with  the 
protcstant  Vicar  of  Wakefield. — It.  Chambers,  EngliA 
Literature,  u.  (512. 

Coning'sby,  a  novel  by  B.  Dis- 
raeli. The  characters  are  meant  for  por- 
traits :  thus,  "  Rigby"  represents  Croker; 
"  Menmouth,"  lord  Hertford;  "  Esk- 
dale,"  I. outlier;  "Ormsby,"  Irving  ; 
"  Lucretia,"  Mde.  Zichy ;  "countess* 
Colonna,"  lady  Strachan ;  "Sidonia," 
baron  A.  de  Rothschild  ;  "  Henry  Sid- 
ney," lord  John  Manners  ;  "  Belvoir," 
duke  of  Rutland,  second  son  of  Beau- 
manoir. — Lord  Palmerston,  Notes  and 
Queries,  March  6,  1875. 

Conqueror  {The).  Alexander  the 
Great,  The  Conqueror  of  the  World 
(n.C.  356,  336-323).  Alfonso  of  Por- 
tugal (1094,  1137-1185).  Aurungzebe 
the  Great,  called  Alemgir  (1618,  1659- 
1707).  James  of  Aragon  (1200,  1213- 
1276).  Othman  or  Osmnn  I.,  founder  of 
the  Turkish  empire  (1251),  1299-1326). 
Francisco  Pizarro,  called  Conquistador, 
because  he  conquered  Peru  (1175-1541). 
William  duke  of  Normamlv,  who  obtained 
England  by  conquest  (1027,  1066-1137). 

Con'rad  (Lord),  the  corsair,  after- 
wards called  Lara.  A  proud,  ascetic  but 
successful  pirate.  Hearing  that  the 
sultan  Seyd  [Seed]  was  about  to  attack 
the  pirates,  he  entered  the  palace  in  the 
disguise  of  a  dervise,  but  being  found  out 
was  seized  and  imprisoned..  He  was 
released  by  Gulnare  (2  syl.),  the  sultan's 
favourite  concubine,  and  lied  with  her  to 
the  Pirates'  IsJe,  but  finding  his 
Medo'ra  dead,  he  left  the  island  with 
Gulnare,  returned  to  his  native  land, 
headed  a  rebellion  and  was  shot. — Lord 
Byron,  The  Corsair,  continued  in  Lara 
H814). 


Con'rade  (2  syl.),  a  follower  of  don 
John  (bastard  brother  of  don  Pedro 
prince  of  Aragon). — Shakespeare,  Much 
Ado  About  Nothing  (1600). 

Con'rade  (2  syl.),  marquis  of  Mont- 
serrat,  who  with  the  Grand-Master  of  the 
Templars  conspired  against  Richard  Cceur 
de  Lion.  He  was  unhorsed  in  combat, 
and  murdered  in  his  tent  bv  the  Templar. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Consenting  Stars,  stars  forming 
certain  configurations  for  good  or  evil. 
Thus  we  read  in  the  book  of  Jud/cs  v.  20, 
"  The  stars  in  their  courses  fought  against 
Sisera,"  i.e.  formed  configurations  which 
were  unlucky  or  malignant. 

.  .  .  scourge  the  bad  revolving  stars. 
That  have  consented  unto  Henry's  death  I 
King  Henry  the  Fifth,  too  famous  to  live  long! 
Shakespeare,    1  Uenry  VI.  act  L  sc  1  (15SUX 

Constance,  mother  of  prince  Arthur 
ami  widow  of  Geoffrey  Plantagenet. — 
Shakespeare,  Kimj  John  (1598). 

Mrs.  Bartley's  "  lady  Macbeth,"  "Constance,"  and 
"queen  Katherine  "  {Henry  V1U.\  were  powerful  em- 
bodiments, and  I  question  if  they  tiave  ever  since  been  so 
finely  portrayed  [17s5-l&5o].— J.  Adolphus,  JiecoUactioiu. 

Constance,  daughter  of  sir  William 
Fondlove,  and  courted  by  Wildrake,  a 
country  squire,  fond  of  field  sports. 
"  Her  beautv  rich,  richer  her  grace,  her 
mind  yet  riener  still,  though  richest  all." 
She  was  "the  mould  express  of  woman, 
stature,  feature,  body,  limb;"  she  danced 
well,  sang  well,  harped  well.  Wildrake 
was  her  childhood's  playmate,  and  be- 
came her  husband. — S.  Knowles,  Th* 
Love  Chase  (1837). 

Constance,  daughter  of  Bertulphe  pro- 
vost of  Bruges,  and  bride  of  Bouchard,  a 
knight  of  Flanders.  She  had  "  beauty  to 
shame  young  love's  most  fervent  dream, 
virtue  to  form  a  saint,  with  just  enough 
of  earth  to  keep  her  woman."  By  an 
absurd  law  of  Charles  "  the  Good,"  earl 
of  Flanders,  made  in  1127,  this  young 
lady,  brought  up  in  the  lap  of  luxury, 
was  reduced  to  serfdom,  because  her 
grandfather  was  a  serf ;  her  aristocratic 
husband  was  also  a  serf  because  he 
married  her  (a  serf).  She  went  mad  at 
the  reverse  of  fortune,  and  died. — S. 
Knowles,  Tlie  Provost  of  b'rwjes  (1836). 

Constans,  a  mythical  king  of  Britain. 
He  was  the  eldest  of  the  three  sons  of 
Constantine,  his  two  brothers  being 
Aurelius  Anibrosius  and  Uther  Pen- 
dragon.  Constans  was  a  monk,  but  at 
the  death  of  his  father  he  laid  aside  the 


CONSTANT. 


2<>r> 


CONTINENCE. 


cowl  for  the  crown.  Vortigern 
him  to  be  assassinated,  ami  usurped  the 
crown.  Audius  Ambrosius  succeeded 
Vortigern,  and  was  himself  succeeded  by 
his  younger  brother.  Uther  Pendragon, 
father  of  king  Arthur.  Hence  it  will 
appear  that  Constant  was  Arthur's  uncle. 

Constant  (Nod),  the  former  lover  of 
lady  Unite,  with  whom  he  intrigued  after 
her  marriage  with  the  surly  anight. — 
Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked  Wife  (1697). 

Constant  (Sir  Hishfut),  a  younger 
brother  of  middle  life,  who  tumbles  into 
an  estate  and  title  by  the  death  of  his 
elder  brother.  He  marries  a  woman  of 
quality,  hot  finding  it  oomme  U  font  not 

to  let  his  love  be  known,   treats  her  with 

indifference  and  politeness,  and  though  he 

dotes  on  her,  tries  to  make  her  believe  he 
loves  her  not.  He  is  very  soft,  carried 
away  by  the  opinions  of  others,  and  is 
an  example  of  the  truth  of  what  Dr. 
Young  tins  said,  "  What  is  mere  good 
nature  but  a  fool  ?" 

Lady  Constant,  wife  of  sir  Bashful,  a 
woman  of  spirit,  taste,  Bense,  wit,  and 
beauty.  She  loves  her  husband 
repi  Is  with  scorn  an  attempt  to  shake 
her  fidelity  because  he  treats  her  with  cold 
indifference. — A.  Murphy,  The  Way  to 
keep  Him  (1760). 

Constan'tia,  sister  of  Petruccio  go- 
vernor of  Bologna,  and  mistress  of  the 
dnVe  of  1'Yrrara. —  l'.iaumontand  Fletcher, 
The  Chances  (1680). 

Constantiit,  a  protege"*   of   lady    McSy- 

eophant.     An  amiable  girl,  in  love  with 

•i    McSycophant,    by    whom    her 

love  is  amply  returned. — ('.  Macklin,  T7ie 

Man  of  the  World  (1764). 

Con'stantine  (8  syl.),  a  king  of 
Scotland,  who  (in  987)  joined  Anlaf  (a 
Danish  king)  against  Athelstan.  The 
allied  kings  were  defeated  at  Brunan- 
burh,  in  Northumberland,  and  (Joustan- 
tine  was  made  prisoner. 

On  KnglUh  A tli.  I. tan  .  .  . 

M»ii- nil  tii.-  faiahl  ovn  .  .  . 

And  CoiuUiilliiu,  Ul«  king,  ft  |>ri*mrr  hithrr  brought. 

I 

Constantinople  (Little).  Kertch 
was  so  called  by  the  I  rom  its 

extern*  and  its  prosperity.      Demosthenfie 
il  "  the  granary  of  Athi 

Consuelo  (l  *y'.),   he  impersonation 
»f  moral  parity  in   the  midst  of  temp- 
tations.     Consuelo  is  the  heroim 
no\,  i  io  sailed  by  George  Sand  (us,  Mde. 

DudevanO. 


Consul  Bib'ulua  (A),  a  ci; 
office,  one  joined  with  i  I 
without  the  slightest  influence.     Bilmlus 
wa.-  joint  consul  with  Jul 
insignificant  that  the  wi- 

msnlahip  of  .Fulius  and  Ctesar,  nut 
of  Bibulus  and  Cs9aar  (b.c  61   . 

Contemporaneous  Discoverers. 

and    Yic|   d'A.     -  red   at 

the  same  time  toe  intermaxillary 
Goethe  and  Von  Baa  discovered  at  the 
same    time    Morphology,      (ioethe    and 
Oken  discovered   at  the   same   time   the 
vertebral    system.      The    Penny    • 
.  mil  Chamberfs ./"tirrn/ were  s 

nearly  at  the  same  time.  The  UTV< 
of  printing  is  claimed  by  several  contem- 
poraries, '1  'lie  processes  called  Tail 
and  Daguerreotype  were  nearly  simul- 
taneous discoveries.  I.everrierand  ' 
discovered  at  the  same  time  the  ; 
Ni  ptune. 

%*  This  list   may  be  extended   to   a 
very  great  length. 

Contest  k)«     Havii 

his  iir^;  wife  by  shipn  reek. 
again  after  the  lapse  of  some  twelve  or 
•i  years.     His  second  wife  was  a 

girl   of   18,  t<-  whom   lie  held   up  ! 
wife  as  a   [at tern  and   the  very    | 
of  women.    On  the  wedding  day  this  tirst 
wife  made  her  appearani    . 

saved    from    the    wreck;     hut    sir 
wished  her  in  heaven  n  n  ly. 

•  ie  bride  of  bir  Adam, 
"young,    extremely    lively,    and    pro- 
digiously   beautiful."      she    had 
brought  up  in  the  country,  and  treal 
a  child,  so  her  natveie'  was  quite  capti- 
vating.    When  she   quitted   the  bride- 
groom's ho:.  "  I  i 
Adam,  good-bye.    1  did  love  you  a  little, 

Upon  my  word,  and  should  be  really  un- 
happy if  I  did  not  know  that  your  hap- 
piness will  be  infinitely  greater  wiUi  jour 

tir.-t  wife." 

Mir, 

Adam,  by  his  t"i r~:  '■..-..  Itichbald, 

./  Day  (171*0). 

Continence 

Ai  i  \  \Mo  i:       i  in:       Guar      having 
battle  of    | 
the   family  of   k iiiLT   Harms  fell  into  his 
hands  ;     but     he     treated     thl 

rved  the  greatest 

rum   towards   them.      A    eunuch,     ' 

i,   told   Darius  that  I 

niained  unspotted,  for  Alexander  had 
show  n    hiu.  'it   and 


CONTRACTIONS. 


210 


COPPERFIELD. 


generous  of  men. — Arrian,  Anabasis   of 
Alexander,  iv.  20. 

Scipio  Africanus,  after  the  conquest 
of  Spain,  refused  to  touch  a  beautiful 
princess  who  had  fallen  into  his  hands, 
"  lest  he  should  be  tempted  to  forget  his 
principles."  It  is.  moreover,  said  that 
he  sent  her  back  to  her  parents  with 
presents,  that  she  might  marry  the  man 
to  whom  she  was  betrothed.  A  silver 
shield,  on  which  this  incident  was  de- 
picted, was  found  in  the  river  Rhone  by 
some  fishermen  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. 

E'en  Scipio,  or  a  victor  yet  more  cold. 
Might  have  forgot  his  virtue  at  her  sight 

N.  Rowe.  Tamerlane,  iii.  3  (1702). 

Anson,  when  he  took  the  Senhora 
Theresa  de  Jesus,  refused  even  to  see 
the  three  Spanish  ladies  who  formed 
part  of  the  prize,  because  he  was  resolved 
to  prevent  private  scandal.  The  three 
ladies  consisted  of  a  mother  and  her  two 
daughters,  the  younger  of  whom  was  "of 
surpassing  beauty." 

Contractions.  The  following  is 
probably  the  most  remarkable: — "  Utaca- 
mund "  is  by  the  English  called  Ooty 
(India).  "  Cholmondeley,"  contractel 
into  Chumly,  is  another  remarkable 
example. 

Conven'tual  Friars  are  those  who 
live  in  convents,  contrary  to  the  rule  of 
St.  Francis,  who  enjoined  absolute 
poverty,  without  land,  books,  chapel,  or 
house.  Those  who  conform  to  the  rule 
of  the  founder  are  called  "  Observant 
Friars." 

Conversation  Sharp,  Richard 
Sharp,  the  critic  (1759-1835). 

Cook  who  Killed  Himself  ( The). 
Vatel  killed  himself  in  1671,  because 
the  lobster  for  his  turbot  sauce  did  not 
arrive  in  time  to  be  served  up  at  the 
banquet  at  Chantilly,  given  by  the  prince 
de  Conde'  to  the  king. 

Cooks  (Wages  received  by).  In  Rome 
as  much  as  £800  a  year  was  given  to  a 
chef  de  cuisine ;  but  Careine  received 
£1000  a  year. 

Cooks  of  Modern  Times. 
Careme,  called  "The  Regenerator  of 
Cookery"  (1784-1833).  Charles  Elme' 
'Francatelli,  cook  at  Crockford's,  then 
in  the  Roval  Household,  and  lastlv  at 
the  Reform  Club  (1805-187G).  Ude, 
Gouffe,  and  Alexis  Soyer,  the  last  of 
w'uoin  died  in  1858. 


Cookery  (Regenerator  of),  CarCms 
(1784-1833). 

(Ude,  Gouffe-,  and  Soyer  were  also 
regenerators  of  this  art.) 

Cooper  (Anthony  Ashly),  earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  I'everil  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Cooper  (Do  you  want  a)?  that  is,  "Pc 
you  want  to  taste  the  wines  ?  "  This  ques- 
tion is  addressed  to  those  who  have  an 
order  to  visit  the  London  docks.  The 
"cooper"  bores  the  casks,  and  gives  th« 
visitor  the  wine  to  taste. 

Cophet'ua  or  Copefhua,  a  mythi- 
cal king  of  Africa,  of  great  wealth,  who 
fell  in  love  with  a  beggar-girl,  and 
married  her.  Her  name  was  Penel'ophon, 
but  Shakespeare  writes  it  Zenel'ophon  in 
Love's  labour's  Lost,  act  iv.  sc.  1.  Tenny- 
son has  versified  the  tale  in  The  Beggar- 
Maid. — Percy,  Reiiques,  I.  ii.  6. 

Copley  (Sir  Thomas),  in  attendance 
on  the  earl  of  Leicester  at  Woodstock. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Copper  Captain  (.4),  Michael 
Perez,  a  captain  without  money,  but 
with  a  plentiful  stock  of  pretence,  who 
seeks  to  make  a  market  of  his  person  and 
commission  by  marrying  an  heiress.  He 
is  caught  in  his  own  trap,  for  he  marries 
Estifania,  a  woman  of  intrigue,  fancying 
her  to  be  the  heiress  Margaritta.  The 
captain  gives  the  lady  "  pearls,",  but  they 
are  only  whitings'  eyes.  His  wife  says 
to  him : 

Here's  a  goodly  jewel  .  .  . 
bid  you  not  win  this  at  Goletta.  captain  ?  .  . 
See  how  it  sparkles,  like  an  old  lady's  eyes  .  .  . 
And  here's  a  chain  of  whitings'  eyes  for  pearls  ■  . 
Your  clothes  are  parallels  to  these,  all  counterfeits. 
Put  these  and  them  on,  you're  a  man  of  copper, 
A  copper,  .  .  .  copper  captain. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Rule  a  Wife  and 
Have  a  Wife  (164U) 

(W.  Lewis  (1748-1811)  was  famous  in 
this  character  ;  but  Robert  Wilks  (1670- 
1732)  was  wholly  unrivalled.) 

The  old  stage  critics  delighted  in  the  "Copper  Cap- 
tain ;  "  it  was  the  test  for  every  comedian.  It  could  lm 
worked  on  like  a  picture,  and  new  readings  given.  Ban 
It  must  be  admitted  that  Wilks  had  no  rival. — FiUgeraJd. 

Copperfield  (David),  the  hero  of  a 
novel  so  called,  by  C.  Dickens.  David 
is  Dickens  himself,  and  Micawber  ia 
Dickens's  father.  According  to  the  tale, 
David's  mother  was  nursery  governess  in 
a  family  where  Mr.  Copperfield  visited. 
At  the  death  of  Mr.  Copperfield,  the 
widow    married    Edward    Murdstone.   a 


COPPERHEADS. 


211 


CORDELIA. 


hnrtl,    tyrannical     man,    who     mad< 

of  David  n  dread  and  terror  to 
the  boy.  When  his  mother  died,  Rfurd- 
stone  tent  David  to  lodge  with  the 
slicawbers,  ami  bound  him  apprentice  to 
Messrs.  ftfndatoM  and  Grinby,  by  whom 
be  was  pat  into  the  warehouse,  and  set  to 
paste  labels  apon  wine  and  spirit  tx.ttl.s. 
David  aoon  beorrm  tired  of  this  dreary 
work,  ami  ran  away  to  Dover,  where  he 
was  kindly  received  by  his  [great]-eunt 
Betsey  Trotwood,  who  clothed  him,  ami 
lent  liim  as  day-boy  to  Dr.  Strong,  but 
placed  him  to  hoard  with  Mr.  Wi.-kticld, 
n.  lawyer,  father  of  Agnes,  between  whom 

and  David  a  mutual  attachment  sprang 

up.  David's  first  wife  was  Dora  Sp.-n- 
low,  bat  at  the  death  of  this  pretty  little 
"child-wife,"  he  married  Agnes  Wick- 
neld.—C  Dickens,  David  Copperfield 
( 18-19). 

Copporheads,  members  of  a  faction 
in  the  north,  during  the  civil  war  in  the 
United  States.  The  copperhead  is  a 
poi.,omms  serpent,  that  gives  no  warning 
Of  its  approach,  and  hence  is  a  type  of  a 
concealed  <>r  secret  foe.  (The  Trigono- 
nephahu  cuntvrtrix.) 

Copper-nose  (3  $yt.).    Henry  VIII. 
■  called,  because  he  mixed  so  much 

Copper  with  the  silver  coin  that,  it  showed 
after  a  little  Weal  in  the  parts  most  pro- 
nounced, as  the  nose.  Hence  the  sobri- 
quets "Coppemoeed  Harry,''  "Old 
i  oppernose.    etc 

Copple,  the  hen  killed  by  Revnard, 
in  the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  J-ux 
(1498). 

Cora,  the  gentle.  loving  wife  of 
Alonzo,  and  the  kind  friend  of  Rolla 
gem  ml  of  the  Peruvian  army.— Sheridan, 
TiMorro  (altered  from  Koteebue,  1799). 

Co'rah,  in  Dryden'i  satire  of 
lorn  ami  A'  meant  for  Dr.  Titus 

Oates.  As  Corah  was  the  political  calum- 
niator of  Moses  and  Aaron,  so  Titus 
was  the  political  calumniator  of  the 
pop,,  and  English  papists.  As  Corah  «as 
punished  by  "going  down  alive  into  the 

pit,"  so   Oates    whs    "condemned    to    im- 

1  risonment  f»r  life,"  after  being  publicly 
whipped  and  exposed  in  the  pillory. 
N„rt.  is  a  very  short 

■an,  and  says,  "if  his  mouth  were  taken 
f..r  the  centre  of  ■  circle,  his  chin,  fore- 
head, and  oheekbones  would  fall  in  the 
ice." 

Sunk  wt-rr  lil.  n.i.  III.  «..!.<•  fM  I  U 


i  n».>l  hb  wit  •  h:>  «!■!  .!»<■  crwc*. 
■ .'  race ; 

II        .        •) 

••  ;«at. 

,..</.  l  iiauk 

Corbnc'eio  (Signior),  the  dupe  of 
v  knavish  confederate  nf  v*oP" 

pom-  i'_'  .T'.'i'.i.  lie  is  an  old  man,  with 
''seeing  and  hearing  faint,  and  under- 
standing dulled  tO  childishness,"  yet  be 
wishes  to  li\  !•  on,  and 

FmIj  not  tiU  (tmit  nor  p*l>7  ;  Mirin  hlra»»lf 
Y'HiiiKcr  tijr  aort-l  of  ).«r.  ;  fUlU-r.  Iil>  a<* 

BMJV 
WIUi  chtrnii.  Ilk<-  .t'.v.n.  hnvr  hi.  \...ith  rr»-. 

Ben  Joiiaun.  IoJ/otm  or  On  Fox  H«oS). 

Rriijamln    jL.tnu.-n    [MSB  1741]    .    .  ■ 

proud  u.w.ir  tin-  poitl  Aaabh)  niuiif.  m»l  m  |«rtira- 
faurii    fn  .a  In  all  thai  auU.ur'i  i.Uf.  fli>l  wtro  uauaJlj 

Wdo;  "  "Moronr."  In  rv  Silrnt  It'oman .  and  ,Aii»- 
nbu,"  in  Tin  A  WaamtaV— Cuelwood. 

C.  Dibdin  says  none  who  ever  saw  \V. 
Parsons  (17;Jt'i-i7:i.'i)  in  "<  k>rbaccioneould 
forget  his  effective  mode  of  exclaiming 
"  Has  he  made  his  will?  What  has  he 
given  me?"  but  Parsons  hi 
"  Ah  !  to  see  '  I  "■  n  do'  acted  I 
faction,  you  should  ha  9  inter. 

The  public  are  pleased  to  think  that  1  act 
:•!  well,  but  his  •■••  aa  far 

superior  to  mine  us  mount  Vesuviui 

a  rushlight." 

Cor'bant,  the  rook,  in  the  beast-ejiic 
of  Reynard  the  Fb»  {14S6).  (French, 
oorbeau,  "  a  rook.") 

Corbrech'tan  or  Corybrcchtati, 
a  whirlpool  on  the  west  •.land. 

near  '.to'  isle  of  Jura.  Its  name  signifies 
"Whirlpool  of  tin- prince  of  Denmark," 
from  the  tradition  that  a  Danish  prince 

oner  wagered  SO  cast  anchor  in  it,  but 
perished   in    his    foolhardin.-ss.      In  calm 

weather  the  sound  of  the  vortex  iu  like 

that  of  Lnnumanble  chariots  driven  with 
speed. 

Tho  distant  !»!«■  Uuit  hou-  the  lou.l  C-.rl.rrvhlan  r.*r. 

L'iun|>l»  II.  (,,Tirua«  . 

Corco'ca  (3  «//.),  mother  of  A 
The  word  means  "  blindne  -  of  heart,"  or 
Romanism.     Una  sought   si 

her     hut,     DUt      tore.  .. 'i     shut      the     dOOf 

■   her ;   whereupon  the  lion  which 
accompanied  1  na  broke  d.  s 
The  "  lion  "  means  /  ■ 
I  "  Una  '  ami 

Jdng  down  the  door"  I 
• 

Cordelia,  youngest  dau| 

linherited  by  her  royal 
testations  of  love 
w.  re  leas  l  iolenl  than) 

ia  married  the  kir.n'  of  l'runce,  anl 


CORFLAMBO. 


212 


CORINTHIAN  BRASS. 


when  her  two  elder  maters  refused  to 
entertain  the  old  king  with  his  suite,  she 
brought  an  army  over  to  dethrone  them. 
She  was,  however,  taken  captive,  thrown 
into  prison,  and  died  there. 

Her  voice  was  ever  soft. 
Gentle,  and  low ;  an  excellent  thing  in  woman. 

Shakespeare,  King  Lear,  act  v.  ac  3  (1605). 

Corflamrbo,  the  personification  of 
sensuality,  a  giant  killed  by  Arthur. 
Corflainbo  had  a  daughter  named  Paja'na, 
who  married  Placidas,  and  proved  a  good 
wife  to  him. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iv.  8 
(1596). 

Coriat  (Thomas),  died  1617,  author 
of  a  book  called  Crudities. 

Besides,  'tis  known  lie  could  speak  Greek, 
As  naturally  as  plgi  do  squeak. 
Lionel  Cran  field,  I'aneijyric  I'trsej  on  T.  Coriat. 
But  If  tlie  meaning  were  ai  fir  to  seek 
As  Coriat's  horse  was  of  his  master's  tjreek. 
When  in  that  tongue  he  made  ;i  -i<e^cb  at  length. 
To  show  the  beast  the  greatness  of  nil  rtranfto, 

(i.  Wither.  .(  4<«ej  Strij-t  and  II  hift  (ltil3). 

Cor'in,  "the  faithful  shepherdess,*1 
who  having  lost  her  true  love  by  death, 
retired  from  the  busy  world,  remained  a 
virgin  for  the  rest  of  her  life,  and  was 
called  "The  Virgin  of  the  drove."  The 
shepherd  Thenot  (final  t  pronounced)  fell 
in  love  with  her  for  her  "  fidelity,  and 
to  cure  him  of  his  attachment  she  pre- 
tended to  love  him  in  return.  This  broke 
the  charm,  and  Thenot  no  longer  felt 
that  reverence  of  love  he  before  enter- 
tained. Corin  was  skilled  "  in  the  dark, 
hidden  virtuous  use  of  herbs,"  and  says  • 

Of  all  (nan  sroundl  I  know  the  remedies 
In  men  and  entUe,  be  they  stung  by  snakes. 
Or  churn  if  t  with  powerful  words  of  wicked  art. 
Or  be  they  love-sick. 
John  Fletcher.  TLe  t\iithful  She),herdcu,  i.  1  (1610). 

Cor'in,  Corin'eus  (3  syl.),  or  Corine'us 
(4  syl.),  "strongest  of  mortal  men,"  and 
one*  of  the  suite  of  Brute  (the  first 
mythical  king  of  Britain).     (See  Coni- 

NKUS.) 

From  Corin  came  It  first f     [(.«.  the  Cornith  hug  in 
mottling]. 

M.  Drayton,  rolyolbion.  1.  (1612). 

Corineus  (.'?  syl.).  Southey  throws 
the  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  and  Spen- 
ser on  the  second.  One  of  the  suite  of 
Brute.  He  overthrew  the  giant  Goi'm'- 
agot,  for  which  achievement  he  was 
rewarded  with  the  whole  western  horn  of 
England,  hence  called  Corin'ea,  and  the 
inhabitants  Corin'eans.     (See  Cokin.) 

Corineus  challenged  tho  giant  to  wrestle  with  him.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  encounter.  Corineus  and  the  giant 
standing  f-ont  to  front  held  each  other  strong]}  in  lluir 
arms,  and  panted  aloud  tor  breath  ;  but  Gottmagot  pre- 
sently grasping  Corineus  with  all  his  might  broke  three 
of  his  ribs,  two  on  his  right  side  ami  one  on  his  left  At 
wtilc*)  Corineus.  highly  enraged,  roused  up  his  whole 
ati  aigih,  and  snatching  up  the  giant,  ran  with  bun  on 


hk  shoulders  to  fhc  neighbouring  shore,  and  getting  on  ta 
the  top  of  a  high  rock,  hurled  the  monster  into  the  sea, 
.  .  .  The  place  where  he  fell  is  called  Lam  GoBmatJOl  or 
Goema^of  s  Leap  to  this  day.— Geoffrey,  Britith  Uutory. 
L  16  111*4). 

When  father  Brute  and  Cor'lneus  set  foot 

On  the  White  Island  first 

Southey.  Modoc.  vL  (1806% 

Corineus  had  that  province  utmost  west 
To  him  assigned, 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  11.  10  (15801 

Drayton  makes  the  name  a  word  of 
four  syllables,  and  throws  the  accent  oh 
the  last  but  one. 

Which  to  their  general  then  grent  Corine'us  had. 
Drayton,  J-olyulbion,  L  (161*1 

Corinna,  a  Greek  poetess  of  Beeotia, 
who  gained  a  victory  over  Pindar  at  the 
public  games  (fl.  B.C.  490). 

.  .  .  they  raised 
A  tent  of  satin,  elaborately  wrought 
With  fair  Corinua's  triumph. 

Tennyson,  The  Prineett,  11L 

Corinna,  daughter  of  Gripe  the  scri- 
vener. She  marries  Dick  Amlet. — Sir 
John  Vanbrugh,  The  Confederacy  (1695). 

8ee  lively  Po|je  advance  in  Jig  and  trip 

*'  Corinna."  "  Cherry."  "'  11  .n<  viouili."  and  "Snip  "; 

Not  without  art,  hit  fat  to  n;iturc  true. 

She  charms  tho  town  with  humour  Ju.st  vet  new. 

Churchill.  Koectad  (1761V 

Corinne'  (2  syl.),  the  heroine  and  titlfi 
of  a  nov"l  by  Mdc.  de  Stacl.  Her  lover 
proved  false,  and  the  maiden  gradually 
pined  away. 

Corinth.  '  Tis  not  every  one  who  can 
afford  to  yo  to  Corinth,  "  'tis  not  every  one 
who  can  afford  to  indulge  in  verv  expen- 
sive licentiousness."  Aristophanes  speaks 
of  the  unheard-of  sums  (amounting  to 
£200  or  more)  demanded  by  the  harlots  of 
Corinth. — Plutarch,  Parallel  Lives,  i.  2. 

Non  culvis  hominum  cuiitingit  adlre  Corlnthum, 

Horace,  sfetnL.  I  xvlL  S& 

A  Corinthian,  a  rake,  a  "  fast  man." 
Prince  Henrv  says  (1  Henry  IV.  act  ii. 
sc.  4),  "  [Tney]  tell  me  I  am  no  proud 
Jack,  like  Falstalf,  but  a  Corinthian,  a 
lad  of  mettle." 

Corinthianism,  harlotry. 

To  Corinthianise,  to  iive  an  idle  dis- 
sipated life. 

Corinthian  ( To  act  the),  to  become* 
fille  publique.  Corinth  was  called  the 
nursery  of  harlots,  in  consequence  of  the 
temple  of  Venus,  which  was  a  vast  and 
magnificent  brothel.  Strabo  says  (Oeog. 
viii.)  :  "  There  were  no  fewer  than  a  thou- 
sand harlots  in  Corinth." 

Corin'thian  Brass,  a  mixture  of 
gold,  silver,  and  brass,  which  forms  the 
best  of  all  mixed  metals.  When  Mum- 
mius  set  fire  to  Corinth,  the  heat  of  the 


CORINTHIAN  TOM. 


213 


CORMORAN. 


conflagration  was  so  great  that  it  melted 
the  metal,  which  ran  down  the  streets  in 
streams.  The  three  mentioned  above  ran 
together,  and  obtained  the  name  of 
"  Corinthian  brass." 

1  tliink  it  may  be  of  "Corinthian  brass," 
Which  was  u  mixture  of  all  metals,  but 

The  hnizcu  uppermost. 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  tL  56  (1821). 

Corinthian  Tom,  "a  fast  man," 
the  sporting  rake  in  Pierce  Egan's  Life  in 
London. 

Coriola'miS  (Caius  Marcius),  called 
Coriolanus  from  his  victory  at  Cori'oli. 
His  mother  was  Vetu'ria  (not  Volnmnia), 
and  his  wife  Volumnia  (not  Yirjilia). 
Shakespeare  has  a  drama  so  called.  La 
Harpe  has  also  a  drama  entitled  Coriulan, 
produced  in  1781. — Livy,  Annate,  ii.  40. 

1  irmerubcr  hor  [Mrt.  SMdona\  cumins  down  the  staRO 
hi  the  triumph^  entry  of  her  son  CorloUuuu,  when  hei 
dumb-show  drew  plaudit.-,  that  shook  the  house.  She 
came  aluiie.  marching  and  beating  time  to  the  made, 
rolling  .  .  .  from  side  to  side,  swelling  with  the  triumph 
of  hw  son.  8uch  was  the  Intoxication  of  joy  which  flashed 
fi)iu  her  eye  and  lit  uu  her  whole  face,  that  the  effect  was 
trre»»-Uble.— C.  M.  Young. 

Corita'ni,  the  people  of  Lincolnshire, 
Nottinghamshire,  Derbyshire,  Leicester- 
shire, Rutlandshire,  and  Northampton- 
shire. Drayton  refers  to  them  in  his 
l'olyolbion,  xvi.  ( 1 G 1 3) . 

Cork  Street  (London).  So  called 
from  the  Boyles,  earls  of  Burlington  and 
Cork.    (See  Clifford  Street.; 

Cormac  I.,  son  of  Conar,  a  Cael,  who 
succeeded  his  father  as  "  king  of  Ireland," 
and  reigned  many  years.  In  the  latter 
part  of  his  reign  the  Fir-holg  (or  Belgs 
settled  in  the  south  of  Ireland),  who  had 
been  subjugated  by  Conar,  rebelled,  and 
Cormac  was  reduced  to  such  extremities 
that  he  sent  to  Fingal  for  aid.  Fingal 
went  with  a  large  army,  utterly  defeated 
Colculla  "  lord  of  Atha,"  and  re-estab- 
lished Cormac  in  the  sole  possession  of 
Ireland.  For  this  sen-ice  Cormac  gave 
Fingal  his  daughter  Roscra'na  for  wife, 
aud  Ossian  was  their  first  son.  Corm&c  1. 
was  succeeded  by  his  son  Cairbrc  ;  Cair- 
bre  by  his  son  Artho;  Artho  by  his  son 
Cormac  II.  (a  minor);  and  Cormac  11. 
after  a  short  interregnum)  by  Ferad- 
Artho. — Ossian. 

Cormac  II.  (a  minor),  king  of  Ire- 
land. Un  his  succeeding  his  father  Arilio 
on  I  lie  throne,  Swaran  king  of  Loohlin 
\8oandmavia]  invaded  Ireland,  and  de- 
feated the  army  under  tlie  command  of 
Cuthullin.  Fingal'fl  arrival  turned  tlie 
tide  of  events,  for  next  day  Swaran  was 


routed  and  returned  to  Lochlin.  In  the 
third  year  of  his  reign  Torlath  rebelled, 
but  was  utterly  discomfited  at  lak.  . 
by  Cuthullin,  who,  however,  was  himself 
mortally  WOTjnded  by  a  random  arrow 
during  the  pursuit.  Not  long  after  this 
Cairbar  rose  in  insurrection,  murdered 
the  youn<r  king,  and  usur[>ed  the  govern- 
ment. His  success,  however,  was  only  of 
short  duration,  for  having  invited  <  tacar 
to  a  feast,  he  treacherously  Blew  him,  and 
was  himself  slain  at  the  same  time.  His 
brother  Cathmor  succeeded  for  a  few 
days,  when  he  also  was  slain  in  battle  by 
Fingal,  and  the  Conar  dynasty  rest  or.  i. 
Conar  (lirst  king  of  Ireland,  a  Cale- 
donian) was  succeeded  by  his  son 
Cormac  L:  Cormac  I.  was  succeeded  by 
his  son  Cairbre;  Cairbre  by  his  son 
Artho;  Artho  by  his  son  Cormac  II.; 
and  Cormac  II.  (after  a  short  inter- 
regnum) by  his  cousin  Ferad-Artho. — 
Ossitin,  Fingal,  Dar-Thula,  and  Tsmora. 

Cor'mack  (Donald),  a  Highland 
robber-chief. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  1'crtk  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Cor'malo,  a  "chief  of  ten  thousand 
spears,"  who  lived  near  the  waters  of 
Lano  (a  Scandinavian  lake).  He  went  to 
Inis-Thona  (an  island  of  Scandinavia),  to 
the  court  of  king  Annir,  and  "  sought  the 
honour  of  tlie  spear  "  (i.e.  a  tournament). 
Argon,  the  elder  son  of  Anmr,  tilted  with 
him  and  overthrew  him.  This  \ 
Cormalo  greatly,  and  during  a  hunting 
expedition  he  drew  his  bow  in  secret 
and  shot  both  Argon  and  his  brother 
Ruro.  Their  father  wondered  they  did 
not  return,  when  their  dog  Kuna  came 
bounding  into  the  hall,  howling  so  as  to 
attract  attention.  Annir  followed  the 
hound,  and  found  his  sons  both  dead. 
In  the  mean  time  his  daughter  was  carried 
otV  by  Cormalo.  When  Oscar,  son  of 
Ossian,  heard  thereof,  he  vowed  vengeance. 
went  with  an  army  to  Lano,  enCOU&tered 
Cormalo,  and  slew  him.  Then  i- 
the  daughter,  he  took  her  back  to  lnis- 
Thona,  and  delivered  her  to  her  father. — 
Ossian,  The  War  of  litis-  Th 

Cor'moran'  (  Li  Cornish 

fiant  slain  by  jack  the  Giant-killer. 
his  was  his  lirst  exploit,  accomplished 
when  lie  was  ■  mere  boy.  Jack  dug  a 
deep  pit,  and  so  artfully  filmed  i 
atop,  that  the  giant  fell  into  it,  where- 
upon Jack  knocked  him  on  the  head  and 
killed  him. 
The  Poniau  trick  of  "  1mm  aud  the  Ghoul "  rerun 


CORNAVII. 


214 


CORSAIR. 


ta  the  Scandinavian  visit  of  Thor  to  Lokl,  which  has  corae 
Sown  to  Germany  in  The  Hnive  Little  Tailor,  and  to  iu 
£■  Jack  the  Giaitf-fci.'/er.— Yonge. 

Tliis  is  tlie  valiant  Cornish  man 
Who  killed  the  giant  Comioran. 

Jack  the  Oiant-kWer  (nursery  tale). 

Cornavii,  the  inhabitants  of  Che- 
shire, Shropshire,  Stalfordshire,  Warwick- 
shire, and  Worcestershire.  Drayton 
refers  to  them  in  his  Polyolbion,  xvi. 
(1613). 

Cornelia,  wife  of  Titus  SemproniuB 
Gracchus,  and  mother  of  the  two  tribunes 
Tiberius  and  Caius.  She  was  almost 
idolized  by  the  Romans,  who  erected  a 
statue  in  her  honour,  with  this  inscription  : 
Cornelia,  Mother  of  the  Gracchi. 

Clelia,  Cornelia,  .  .  .  and  the  Roman  brows 
Of  Agrippina. 

Tennyson.  The  Princeu,  U. 

Corner  (The).  So  Tattersall's  used 
to  be  called. 

I  saw  advertised  a  splendid  park  hack,  and  .  .  .  Imme- 
diately proceeded  to  the  Comer.— Lord  W.  Lennox,  Celt- 
britiet,  etc,  ii.  U. 

Cornet,  a  waiting-woman  on  lady 
Fanciful.  She  caused  great  offence 
because  she  did  not  flatter  her  ladyship. 
She  actually  said  to  her,  "  Your  lady- 
ship looks  very  ill  this  morning,"  which 
the  French  waiting-woman  contradicted 
by  saying,  "  My  opinion  be,  matam,  dat 
your  latyship  never  look  so  well  in  all 
your  life."  Lady  Fanciful  said  to 
Cornet,  "Get  out  of  the  room,  I  can't 
endure  you ; "  and  then  turning  to  Mdlle. 
she  added,  "  This  wench  is  insufferably 
ugly.  .  .  .  Oh,  by-the-by,  Mdlle.,  you 
can  take  these  two  pair  of  gloves.  The 
French  are  certainly  well-mannered,  and 
never  flatter."  — Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked 
Wife  (1697). 

%*  This  is  of  a  piece  with  the  arch- 
bishop of  Granada  and  his  secretary  Gil 
Bias. 

Corney  (Mrs,),  matron  of  the  work- 
house where  Oliver  Twist  was  bom.  She 
is  a  well-to-do  widow,  who  marries  Bum- 
ble, and  reduces  the  pompous  beadle  to  a 
hen-pecked  husband. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver 
Twist,  xxxvii.  (1837). 

Cornflower  (Henry),  a  farmer,  who 
"  beneath  a  rough  outside,  possessed  a 
heart  which  would  have  done  honour  to 
a  prince." 

Mrs.  Cornflower  (by  birth  Emma  Bel- 
ton),  the  farmer's  wife,  abducted  by  sir 
Charles  Courtly. — Dibdin,  The  Fanner's 
Wife  (1780). 

Cornio'le  (4  syl.),  the  cognomen 
given    to    Giovanni  Bernardi,  the  great 


cornelian  engraver,  in  the  time  of  Lorenzo 
di  Medici.  He  was  called  "  Giovanni 
delle  Corniole"  (1495-1555). 

Corn-Law  Rhymer  (The),  Ebe- 
nezer  Elliot  (1781-1849). 

Cornu'bia,  Cornwall.  The  rivers  of 
Cornwall  are  more  or  less  tinged  with  the 
metals  which  abound  in  those  parts. 

Then  from  the  largest  stream  unto  the  lesser  brook  ... 
They  curl  their  Ivory  fronts. .  .  .  and  bred  such  courage  .  .  . 
As  drew  down  many  a  nymph  [river]  from  the  Cornubian 

shore, 
That  paint  their  goodly  breasts  [tmuer]  with  sundry  sorts 

of  ore. 

M.  Drayton,  Polyolbion,  It.  (1612) 

CornuTbian  Shore  (The),  Corn- 
wall, famous  for  its  tin  mines.  Mer- 
chants of  ancient  Tyre  and  Sidon  used  to 
export  from  Cornwall  its  tin  in  large 
quantities. 

.  .  .  from  the  bleak  Cornubian  shore. 
Dispense  the  mineral  treasure,  which  of  old 
Sidonian  pilots  sought. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  tht  Naiad*. 

Cornwall  (Barry),  an  imperfect 
anagram  of  Bryan  Waller  Proctor,  author 
of  English  Songs  (1788-1874). 

Corombona  ( Vittoria),  the  White 
Devil,  the  chief  character  in  a  drama  by 
John  Webster,  entitled  The  Wfiite  Devil 
or  Vittoria  Corombona  (1612). 

Coro'nis,  daughter  of  Phoroneus 
(3  sul.)  king  of  Pho'cis,  metamorphosed 
by  Minerva  into  a  crow. 

Corporal  (The  Little).  General 
Bonaparte  was  so  called  after  the  battle 
of  Lodi  (1796). 

Corrector  (Alexander  the),  Alex- 
ander Cruden,  author  of  the  Concordance 
to  the  Bible,  for  many  years  a  corrector  of 
the  press,  in  London.  He  believed  him- 
self to  be  divinely  inspired  to  correct  the 
morals  and  manners  of  the  world  (1701- 
1770). 

Corriv'reekin,  an  intermittent 
whirlpool  in  the  Southern  Hebrides,  so 
called  from  a  Danish  prince  of  that 
name,  who  perished  there. 

Corrouge'  (2  syl.),  the  sword  of  sir 
Otuel,  a  presumptuous  Saracen,  nephew 
of  Farracute  (3  syl.).  Otuel  was  in  the 
end  converted  to  Christianity. 

Corsair  (The),  lord  Conrad,  after- 
wards called  Lara.  Hearing  that  the 
sultan  Seyd  [Seed]  was  about  to  attack 
the  pirates,  he  assumed  the  disguise  of  a 
dervise  and  entered  the  palace,  while  bis 
crew  set  fire  to  the  sultan's  fleet.  Conrad 
was  apprehended  and  cast  into  a  dungeon, 


0OR8AND. 

but  Ix'in^  released  by  Gulnare  (qui 
the    hina),   be    Bed    with    ha   to  tlie 
Pirate*'  [ale.    Hen  be  found  I 
(hi*  heart's  darling)  had  died  during  hi* 
absence,  so  in-  It  it  the  ialand  iHth  iiul- 
nare.  returned  t<>  his  native  land,  beaded 
n  rebellion,  and  was  shot. —  Byron,  l'he 
r,  continued  in  Lara  i  L81  I). 
< 'l'li is  talc  is  baaed  on  the  adrento 
Lafitte,  the  notorious,  bnoeaneer.     Lafltte 
was    |ianli>ned    l>y    general    Jackson    for 
services,  rendered  to  tl  1816, 

during  tlie  attack  of  the  linti.-h  en   NVw 

(Means.) 

Cor'sand,   a   magistrate  at  the  cx- 
aminatiiin  of  1  >i rk  Batteraick  at  Kipple- 
tringan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quu  Mar 
(time,  George  II.). 

Corsicon  General  [The),  Napoleon 
I.,  who  was  born  in  Corsica  (1769-1821). 

Cor'sino,  wife  of  the  corsair  who 
found  Paintai  and  Chery  in  the  boat  ae 
it  drifted  on  the  tea.  Being  made  very 
ru-h  by  hex  footer-children,  Coraina 
bfonght  them  np  .is  princes.  Co 
I  ►'Annoy.    .*  (*'  1  lie   Prineeai 

Fairstar,"  1682). 

Corte'jo,  a  cavalier  gervente,  wno  as 
Byron  saj  i  in  /•'•/  po  : 

Coach,  arnranU,  rui'lola,  imiit  go  (o  rail. 
Aim!  carries  fan  and  ttji{»ct,  gloves  and  ahawL 
Waa  It  for  thl.  that  D 
1  yet  La»e  diu«i-ii  (r..in  lb*  ).*ith  ..f  Srr  MlrT 

Hjruii,  Dm  Ju-in,  L  140(1819). 

Corti'na  (<i  cauldron).  It  st< >■  -.1  on 
thr»c  feet.  The  tripod  of  the  Pythoness 
was  so  called,  because  she  sat  in  a  kind 
of  basin  standing  on    three   feet.      When 

n"t  in  use,  it  was  corered  with  a  Lid,  and 

the  luisin  then  looked  like  a  large  metal 
ball. 

Cor'via  or  Corvi'no,  a  valuable 
lime,  which  will  cause  the  possessor  to 
be  both  rich  and  honoured.  It  is  obtained 
Htm  :  Take  ova  a  crow 

anil  boil  them  hard,  then   replace  tin  in  in 
■t,  and  the  mother  will  go  in  search 

of  the  stone,   in  order  to   revivify  her 

eggs. — Mirror  vf  fJTOMSS. 

Corvi'no  [Btgnior),  a  Venetian  mer- 
chant, duped   by   Ifosca  into   believing 

that  he  in  Vol'pooe'l  heir,  -lien  JoOflOD, 
mJ  or  the  Fox  (loOO). 

Coryato'a  Cruditios,  a    booh   of 

traveN    l.y   Thomas    Corv.ite,    srho 

f  the   "  ( klcombian   \a 
II*  w»j(  the  sou  of  the  rector  of  <  klcombe 
(1677-1617). 


216  I  08MOS. 


Coryc'iim  Cm  t 

.  led    from     the    nyinpn 
i 
Cor'yciL.3  (  1 

Tlie  Immortal  Mum 

•  rate 
nit.  of  the  Delphic  luuuni.  wiU  (ukk 
lib  luuUtrl*. 

AkrtiaiOe.  //»->•«  U  (W  ,r*ikk 

Corycian     Nymnhh    |  Tkt  I,     the 
died  from  1 1  a 

on  Lycorea,  one  of  the  t«"  chief  summit* 
of  mount  l'arn.ts.-us,  in  Greece. 

Cor'ydon,    a    common    name    I  r    | 
shepherd,      it   occurs  in    tl  I 

Theocritos;    the     Eclogue*    of     Virgil  | 
The  Cantata,  v.,  of  Hughes,  etc. 

Cor'  ,  rd  who  languished 

for  the  fair   Pastorella  -  i 

Calidore,  the  successful  rival,  treated  him 
Daly,   and   when  he  married 
the  fair  shepherd) 

Bocka  and  nerds  '>■   his   dis- 

appointment (canto  11). — Spenser,  /litry 
• 

Sir     W.    Sett,     CbHni     Bobtti    vf    I  iru 

(time,  But  . 

Coryplucus  of  German  Lite  fu- 
ture the. 

'  •  ..11. -I  u|.m  .  .  .  the  cmtt  forrphaa* 

.'.are.—  W.  U.  MorfcJl.  .SoUi  an*  vw-m* 
Aj.ril  V,  1878. 

Corypho'us  (I  >.v/.),  a  model  man  or 
leader,  from  the  K.oruphaioe  01  lea         ' 

■  rus    in    the    Greek    drama.       Ans- 
tarchOS  is  called    . 

marine  i. 

1  was  Wi  lore  wtlh  honour,  an-l  reflected  vILh 
Uia(  I  almukl  \mm  fur   thr  C.rj|  l.caj  ut  all 
Loaw.1'.      ■  I  .   -J4). 

Cosmo     (fl*-)i     patmn    of    SU! 
biini  in  Arabia,     lie  practised  mi 

is  m  itli  his  brother  - 
and  !•■  ■  t  Dio- 

cletian in  ;io.i  or  BIO.  day  is 

December  27.      I 

there  was  a   medical   society  called   .'viutJ 

.   . 

Cos'mi'-'.  una  of  the 

world.     Hi  ■  l*>at 

in  w Inch  !.•  •  be  »un 

and  planets.     hUrcher,  J  um<u 

: 

Cosmos,  the  personification  of  "the 
world"  as  the  enemy    of   man.      l'hinnas 

Fletcher  calls  him  ••  th<  -      •••the 

•akr," 
:nt*  all  his  dart*;      or,  as  Um 


COSTARD. 


216        COUNT  ROBERT  OF  PARIS. 


Preacher  says,  "Vanity,  vanitjr,  all  is 
■vanity."  Fully  described  in  The  Purple 
Island,  viii.  (1633).  (Greek,  kosmos,  "the 
world.") 

Cos'tard,  a  clown  who  apes  the  court 
wits  of  queen  Elizabeth's  time.  He  uses 
the  word  "  honorificabilitudinitatibus," 
and  some  of  his  blunders  are  very  ridi- 
culous, as  "ad  dunghill,  at  the  fingers' 
ends,  as  they  say"  (act  v.  1). — Shake- 
speare, Lowe's  Labour's  Lost  (1594). 

Costin  {Lord),  disguised  as  a  beggar, 
in  The  Beggar's  Bush,  a  drama  by  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher  (1622). 

Cote  Male-taile  (Sir),  meaning  the 
*'■  knight  with  the  villainous  coat,"  the 
nickname  given  by  sir  Key  (the  seneschal 
of  king  Arthur)  to  sir  Brewnor  le  Noyre, 
a  young  knight  who  wore  his  father's 
coat  with  all  its  sword-cuts,  to  keep  him 
in  remembrance  of  the  vengeance  due  to 
his  father.  His  first  achievement  was 
to  kill  a  lion  that  "had  broken  loose 
from  a  tower,  and  came  hurling  after  the 
queen."  He  married  a  damsel  called 
Malcdisaunt  (3  sgl.),  who  loved  him,  but 
always  chided  him.  After  her  marriage 
she  was  called  Beauvinant.  —  Sir  T. 
Malorv,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  42- 
60  (1470). 

Cotyt'to,  goddess  of  the  Edoni  of 
Thrace.  Her  orgies  resembled  those  of 
the  Thracian  Cyb'ele  (3  syl.). 

Hail,  goddess  of  nocturnal  sport. 
Dark-veiled  Cotytto,  to  whom  the  secret  flame 
Of  midnight  torches  burns. 

Milton,  Comut,  139,  etc.  (1634). 

Cougar,  the  American  tiger. 

Nor  foeman  then,  nor  cougar's  crouch  I  feared. 
For  I  was  strong  as  mountain  cataract 

Campbell,  (iertrude  0/  Wyoming,  iii.  14  (1809). 

Coulin,  a  British  giant  pursued  by 
Debon  till  he  came  to  a  chasm  132  feet 
across  which  he  leaped  ;  but  slipping  on 
the  opposite  side,  he  fell  backwards  into 
the  pit  and  was  killed. 

And  eke  that  ample  pit  yet  far  renowned 
For  the  great  leap  which  Debon  did  compell 

Coulin  to  make,  being  eight  lugs  of  grownd. 
Into  the  which  reUmrning  back  he  fell. 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  10  (1590). 

Councils  ((Ecumenical).  Of  the  thirty- 
two  only  six  are  recognized  by  the  Church 
of  England,  viz.:  (1)  Nice,  325;  (2) 
Constantinople,  381 ;  (3)  Ephesus,  431 ; 
(4)  Chalce'don,  451  ;  (5)  Constantinople, 
bb&  ;  (6)  ditto,  680. 

Count  not  your  Chickens  before 
they  are  Hatched.  Generally  referred 


to  Lafontaine's  fable  of  the  milkmaid 
Perrette.  Bat  the  substance  of  this  fable 
is  very  old.     For  example : — 

In  a.d.  550  Barzuyeh  translated  for  the 
king  of  Persia  a  collection  of  Indian 
fables  called  the  I'anka  Tantra  ("five 
books"),  and  one  of  the  stories  is  that  of 
a  Brahmin  who  collected  rice  by  begging; 
but  it  occurred  to  him  there  might  be  a 
famine,  in  which  case  he  could  sell  his 
rice  for  100  rupees,  and  buy  two  goats. 
The  goats  would  multiply,  and  he  would 
then  buy  cows  ;  the  cows  would  calve, 
and  he  would  buy  a  farm ;  with  the 
savings  of  his  farm  he  would  buy  a 
mansion ;  then  marry  some  one  with  a 
rich  dowry  ;  there  would  be  a  son  in  due 
time,  who  should  be  named  Somo  Sala, 
whom  he  would  dandle  on  his  knees.  If 
the  child  ran  into  danger  he  would  cry 
to  the  mother,  "  Take  up  the  baby  !  take 
up  the  baby  !"  and  in  his  excitement  the 
dreamer  kicked  over  his  packet  of  rice. 
The  Persians  say  of  a  day-dreamer,  "  He 
is  like  the  father  of  Somo  Sala." 

Another  version  is  given  in  the  history 
of  Alnaschar  (q.  v.) — Arabian  Nights' 
Entertainments. 

B  a  bel  ais  has  introduced  a  similar  story, 
"  The  Shoemaker  and  a  Ha'poth  of  Milk," 
tola  by  Echepron  (q.v.)  in  Pantagruel. 

But  the  oldest  form  of  the  story  is  to 
be  found  in  JEsop,  in  the  fable  of  The 
Milkmaid  and  her  Pail,  of  which  La  Fon- 
taine's is  only  a  poetical  reproduction. 

Count  of  Narbonne,  a  tragedy  by 
Robert  Jephson  (1782).  His  father,  count 
Raymond,  having  poisoned  Alphonso, 
forged  a  will  barring  Godfrey's  right, 
and  naming  Raymond  as  successor. 
Theodore  fell  in  love  with  Adelaide,  the 
count's  daughter,  but  was  reduced  to  this 
dilemma :  if  he  married  Adelaide  he 
could  not  challenge  the  count  and  obtain 
the  possessions  he  had  a  right  to  as 
grandson  of  Alphonso  ;  if,  on  the  other 
hand,  he  obtained  his  rights  and  killed 
the  count  in  combat,  he  could  not  expect 
that  Adelaide  would  marry  him.  At  the 
end  the  count  killed  Adelaide,  and  then 
himself.  This  drama  is  copied  from 
Walpole's  Castle  of  Otranto. 

Count  Robert  of  Paris,  a  novel 
by  sir  W.  Scott,  after  the  wreck  of  his 
fortune  and  repeated  strokes  of  paralysis 
(1831).  The  critic  can  afford  to  be 
indulgent,  and  those  who  read  this  story 
must  remember  that  the  sun  of  the  great 
wizard  was  hastening  to  its  set.  The 
time  of  the  novel  is  the  reign  of  Eufua. 


(  ODNTIES. 


217 


cnrVAM!. 


CountiuH.  "The  clownish  blazon  of 
ea.!i  Bounty"  (from  Drayton*!  J'uijuiOum, 
xxiii.,  t"w.ir.lr  iln   cIom). 

IlKIiftiRIMllllBK  :   M  ilitmraaa, 
);L»ic-MiKk    Lat'a  ti  i.  and  too  the  hall. 
Btaa  I'  k    '"  lha  i  hue) :  Sualuo.  ipur.  and  i|<w. 
In  <  KiaoiiAMMimi: 

oddl  r»u  "tart  a  thief. 
CauaaiDummaa :  HuUl  ucu.  ai 

OlUOIIHk:  I'luef  uf  nn-li. 

Daaanuiai  :  wool  ami  lead, 
t  illlC   Itinera. 

I 

raaaaiaa:  Weigh  thr  wood. 
II  urn    1  . 

>  '  iBMHimi!  Iiit<  mo  woof  ami  warp. 

Kama  : 

Tfir   -lull  ami  eloutr«l 

l':l  nsr  U!  ti,i-i   hi -i    '  .  i  anln  at  n 

1  II:    With  Itlltl  »•■  il  >ljlk  U.r. 

and  thin 
Kivr  :   Long  Ulti  ami  I 

1-  Fair  malda, 
.     ;.iHIHa  :   IWki 
latitat:   tt*K»  ami  l«vi'il-ea. 
Mumi u»kx  : 

It  ados  lit  ui  k». 
Ami  when  ..ur  mnrketi  dune,  let'»  hare  a  pot  or  two. 

Rnarou    Ma. 

■  the  clril'.r.  iKit  Utile  elaa  ahore. 
NuTTiM-ii  oihiiiu  :  Ale  and  lnea.1. 
OxroKPaiiiaa : 

•  -   1  here. 
Ami  little  though  U.ej  |«u.l.  ;et  hare  tli'jr  ha.1  j.*r« 
rhr»-r. 
Hi  TUMiniitai :  lladillemen. 
Ilia: 

1-  erer  iharTi: 
Lay  wool  upon  the  Are.  raacb  hither  me  Ihr  harp. 
Ami  whikt  the  black  l*>wl  walk*.  «e  merrily  wi.l  nana. 
BoMiaakTHIIiaa  :  bet  the  bandutf  uo  tlie  bull. 
ftrArriiRiiHiiiKa : 

Mid  I  will  lire!  [lie]  the  (Ire. 
Ai.l  nothing  will  I  uk  but  goodwill  fur  my  hire. 
K  :   Malli  ami  milk. 

0  letu.lra.1  hi. me  log*. 
11  ««MtK«:  I'll  blml  'he  >tnnly  bear. 
f  •■  alL 
WoK  a*TkU.illlllK  •   Ami  I  »l  1  ■jutrl  Oie  pear. 
YimaaHina;  I'te  Yorkjfolra  um.; 

Connti*v  (f''f-  ■  I     nowii 

died   by   the   Bon  ko 
I).      Julius  Cn'Mir    tu    to    called 
after  qnollim'  tlie  insurrection  in 

100  -l.ii.       Au.  D   1 01     I  I     ir     whs 

II).      I 

Washington,  defender  nml  paternal  coun- 
sellor 

<.f    his     xtnttii-    h 

Andronfeui  Palssol'ogua  II.  assumed  the 

title  (1M0-1ISS).  11.  iv.  14 

Country  Qirl  ( /"••  ,  ■ 

from    W  j  chorly, 

try    Klr'  I 

i       mrd        '     "!y,  wlin  brings  h«r  op 

in  ihr  country  in  ;  • 

mi  I   IV  ttiiuM 

n    niul 

10 


of  luiublt 

Country  Win-  (  7V),  a  comedv  try 
w         un  Ws.li.r. 

e  (run  the  author  at 
7"W  i  curKrjr    »  </«.—  K.  Cliauil..  <•!-<•,. 

L  3VX 

Coupco,    the    dan 
•aye  "  it  it  w<  re  nol  1   - 

nun  might  :: 
1 

.  icing. — 1  i< 

. 

CourlandWoathor,  wintry  wwither 

with     ]  i-nllcl 

lrum  tin     Rnawian  pri  iVki.i-  .  f  that  I 

Court  Holy  Water,  Ha 
called  in  French  i 

To   flatter.   t.»  rLnw.  ■•    1.  'le-wmtar  — 

Flurlo.  ItaiUn  Dictionary.  Art.  "  MaateJUiare." 

Cour't.-iin,  mie  of  the  rwi  - 
Hit  other  ik   i  .  ■ 

Our  moment,  and  l 

■■  \\     ,    i  .. 

w.  HUxrh,  /v  i>r.\',  rar<*u*c  {•  Aoem~\. 

Courtall,    n    fop    and 
liber) 

COtV|U< 

He  I  ru  i  ti.  corrnpt  lad 

..  illc. — Mrs. 

Courtly  (>Vr  I 
tine,  who  abducted  the  beantxfnl  m 
I  Cornflower.— 1 

Cousin  Micln'1  -r  IfiCRAl 
nickname  of  •  German,  aa  John  I 
ff  an  un  of 

nn    American,   Colin  1 
John  Chinaman  ■  t  in- 

Couva<lo'  (.' 
tin    place  of  bi 

chiltl  '  I 

n   bed,  a::  I  th<  I 

duties,    i 

Mill    i   ■ 

tin-   ui  >u   liiiinnn, 

•lid     m     the     Iniiinn 

it  u 


COVENTRY. 


213 


CRAMP. 


existing  at  one  time  in  Corsica ;  Strabo 
says  the  custom  prevailed  in  the  north  of 
Spain  ;  and  Apollonius  Rhodius  that  the 
Tabarenes  on  the  Euxine  Sea  observed 
the  same : 

In  the  Tabaronian  land. 
When  some  good  woman  bears  her  lord  a  babe, 
Tia  he  is  swathed,  and  groaning  put  to  bed  ; 
While  she  arising  tends  his  bath  and  serves 
Nice  possets  for  her  husband  in  the  straw. 

Apollonius  Hhodius,  Argonautic  Exp. 

Coventry,  a  corruption  of  Cune-tre 
<"  the  town  on  the  Cune"). 

Cune,  whence  Coventry  her  name  doth  take. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xiii.  (1613). 

Coventry  Mysteries,  certain 
miracle-plays  acted  at  Coventry  till 
1591.  They  were  published  in  1841  for 
the  Shakespeare  Society,  under  the  care 
of  J.  O.  Ilalliwell.  (See  Chester 
Mysteries.) 

Cov'erley  (Sir  Roger  de),  a  member 
of  an  hypothetical  club,  noted  for  his 
modesty,  generosity,  hospitality,  and 
eccentric  whims  ;  most  courteous  to  his 
neighbours,  most  affectionate  to  his 
family,  most  amiable  to  his  domestics. 
Sir  Roger,  who  figures  in  thirty  papers  of 
the  Spectator,  is  the  very  beau-ideal  of 
an  amiable  country  gentleman  of  queen 
Anne's  time. 

What  would  sir  Roger  de  Coverley  be  without  his 
follies  and  his  charming  little  brain-cracks  ?  If  the  good 
knight  did  not  call  out  to  the  people  sleeping  in  church, 
and  say  "Amen"  with  Bach  delightful  pomposity;  if  he 
did  not  mistake  Mdo.  Doll  Tearsheet  for  a  lady  of  quality 
in  Temple  Garden ;  if  he  were  wiser  than  ho  Is  ...  of 
what  worth  were  he  to  list  We  love  him  for  his  vanities 
as  much  as  for  his  virtues.— Thackeray. 

Covert-baron,  a  wife,  so  called 
because  she  is  under  the  covert  or  pro- 
tection of  her  baron  or  lord. 

Cow  and  Calf,  Lewesdon  Hill  and 
rillesdon  Pen,  in  Dorsetshire. 

Cowards  and  Bullies.  In  Shake- 
speare we  have  Parolles  and  Pistol ;  in 
Ben  Jonson,  Bob'adil ;  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Bessus  and  Mons.  Lapet,  the 
very  prince  of  cowards ;  in  the  French 
drama,  Le  Capitan,  Metamore,  and  Scara- 
mouch. (See  also  Basilisco,  Captain 
Noll  Bluff,  Boroughcliff,  Captain 
Brazen,  Sir  Petronkl  Flash,  Sacri- 
pant,  Vincent  de  la  Rose,  etc.) 

Cowper,  called  "  Author  of  The 
Task"  from  his  principal  poem  (1731- 
1800). 

Coxcomb,  an  empty-headed,  con- 
ceited fop,  like  an  ancient  jester,  who 
wore  on  the  top  of  his  cap  a  piece  of  red 
cloth  resembling  a  cock's  comb. 

The  Prince  of  Coxcombs,  Chtjles 
Joseph  prince  de  Ligne  (1535-1614). 


Richard  II.  of  England  (1366,  1377- 
1400). 

Henri  III.  of  France,  Le  Mignon  (1551, 
1574-1589). 

Coxe  {Captain),  one  of  the  masques 
at  Kenilworth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Keniiworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Crabshaw  (Timothy),  the  servant  of 
sir  Launcelot  Greaves's  squire. — Smollett, 
Adventures  of  Sir  Launcelot  Greaves 
(1760). 

Crab'tree,  in  Smollett's  novel  called 
The  Adventures  of  Peregrine  Pickle  (1751). 

Crab'tree,  uncle  of  sir  Harry  Buniber, 
in  Sheridaa's  comedy,  The  School  for 
Scandal  (1777). 

Crab'tree,  a  gardener  at  Fairport. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George 
III.). 

Crac  (M.  de),  the  French  baron  Mun- 
chausen ;  hero  of  a  French  operetta. 

Craca,  one  of  the  Shetland  Isles. — 
Ossian,  Fingal. 

Crack'enthorp  (Father),  a  pnblican. 

Dolly  Crackenthorp,  daughter  of  the 
publican. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Redjauntlct 
(time,  George  III.). 

Crackit  (Flash  Toby),  one  of  the 
villains  in  the  attempted  burglary  in 
which  Bill  Sikes  and  his  associates  were 
concerned. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Ticist 
(1837). 

Cra'dlemont,  king  of  Wales,  sub- 
dued by  Arthur,  fighting  for-  Leod'ogran 
king  of  Cam'«liard  (3  syl.). — Tennyson, 
Coming  of  Arthur. 

Cradock  (Sir),  the  only  knight  who 
could  carve  the  boar's  head  which  no 
cuckold  could  cut ;  or  drink  from  a  bowl 
which  no  cuckold  could  quaff  without 
spilling  the  liquor.  His  lady  was  the 
only  one  in  king  Arthur's  court  who 
could  wear  the  mantle  of  chastity  brought 
thither  b}'  a  boy  d:iring  Christmas-tide. — 
Percy,  Reliqucs,  etc.,  III.  iii.  18. 

Craigdal'lie  (Adam),  the  senior 
bail  lie  of  Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Craig'engelt  (Captain),  an  ad- 
venturer and  companion  of  Bucklaw. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

Cramp  (Corporal),  under  captain 
Thornton.— Sir  W.  Scott.  Rob  Roy  (time. 
George  I.). 


CRANBOURNE. 


219 


CRAWLEY. 


Cran'bourno  (Sir  \  friend 

of  nir  Geoffrey  Peveril. — Sir  W.  Scott, 

ik  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Crano  (Dame  Alison),  mistress  of  the 
Crane  inn,  at  Marlborough. 

Coffer  Crane,  the  (hiine's  hushand. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Kcnilworth  (tunc,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Crane  (Ichahxl),  a  credulous  Yankee 
schoolmaster,     lie  is  described  aa 

exceedingly  lank,  and  narrow-shouldered  ; 
his  arms,  legs,  ••mil   Deck  imusualh 
his    hands    dangle    a    mile    out    of    Ids 
sleeves  ;  his  feet  might  serve  for  shovels  ; 

and  his  whole  frame  is  very  loosely  hun^ 

together." 

The  head  of  Ichahod  Crane  was  small  and  Hit  it  top, 
Willi  huge  cars,  Luxe  KP  iud  a  1"»K  nipt 

nose,  »o  thai  It  looiaa  like  a  voather-oock  parched  upon 
his  spindle  neck  to  tell  which  wj»  the  wind  blew.— W. 

Irving.  Skciclt-llook  ("Legend  uf  Sleepy  Hollow  "). 

Cranes  (1  »,'//.).    Milton,  referring  to 

the   wars  of  the  pygmies  and   the  cranes, 

calls  the  fornu  t 

Tliat  small  infantry 
Warred  on  by  cranes. 

J'aradiie  Lost,  I.  575  (1065). 

Cranion,  queen  Man's  charioteer. 

Four  nimlile  units  the  horses  were. 
Their  harnesses  of  unvvunerc. 
Kly  Cnim.in,  her  charioteer. 

M    In .i.u.n.  /ffmpMtUa  (1563-1631). 

Crank  (Dame),  the  papist  laundress 
at  Marlborough. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Kenit- 
tcort/>  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Cra'paud  (Johnnie),  a  Frenchman,  as 
John  Ball  is  an  Englishman,  Cousin 
Michael  a  German,  Colin  Tampon  a 
Bwiss,  Brother  Jonathan  a  North  Ameri- 
can, etc.  ('ailed  Crapand  from  the  device 
of  the  ancient  kings  of  Prance,  "three 
erect,  saltant."  Nostradamus,  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  called  the  I 
crapaudt  in  the  well-known  line  : 

Lm  anclcns  ermptlodl  prsndront  Sara. 

ma"  is  Aras  backwards,  a  citv 
taken  from  the  Spaniards  under  Louis 
XIV.) 

Oratohlt  (B  i  or  R  •■■.'),  clerk  of 
Ebenezer  Scrooge,  Btock-broker,  Though 
BobCratchil  has  to  maintain  nine  persona 
on  15*.  a  week,  he  has  a  happier  home 
and  spends  a  merrier  Christmas  than  his 
r,  with  all  his  wealth  and  selfish- 

lit,  the   little   lame   son 

of  Boo  Cratchit,  the  Benjamin  of  the 
family,  the  most  helpless  and  most 
oeloved  of  all.  Tim  does  not  die,  bul 
Ebentv.er  Bcrooge,   after  bia  chat 


character,  makes  him  his  ipecia]  care. — 
*'.   Dickens,   .1   ''.•    tmat  Carol  (in  live 

BUY. 

Craw'ford    (1 
young  earl-marshal  of  Scotland.-  - 

Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  i\rtU  (time,   Hi-nrv 
IV.). 

Craw'ford  rain  of  tin 

rd  at  Plea       Ida  Tours,  in  the  j>av 
of    I.ouis    XI.— Sir    W.    3     it,  1 

i  1  time,  Edward  IV.). 

Crawley  (Sir  Pitt),  of  Great  Gaunt 
and  of  Queen'a  <  bawley,    I 
A    sharp,    miserly,    litigious,    Volga 

norant    baronet,   very 

mean,   "  a  philosopher  with    1 

low    life,"   and    intoxicated    every    night. 

Becky  Sharp  was  engaged  by  him  I 
his  two  daughters.    <  >n  the  death  of  his 
Becond  wife,  Bir  Pitt  asked  berl 
lady  Crawley, but  Becky  had  already  mar- 
ried hi 

Tins  "  aristocrat"  spol  1 
dens,"  and  was  unable  to  spell  the  sit 
words,  as  the    folio*,  in  ■>   will 

show:— "Sir  Pitt  Crawley  lx  rs&l 
and  ba^idge  may  be  hear  on    1  u 
as  I   leaf  .  .  .  to-morrow  erly." 
whole  baronetage,  peerage,  and  common- 
England  did  not  contain  a  more 
cunning,  mean,  foolish,  disreputable  old 
than  sir  I'm  < Srawley.      I ;- 

of  fourscon  .  1  i  and 

.  and  honoured, n  if  we 
can  believe  his  monumental  tablet. 
Mr  Pitt's  Bret  « 
"a  confounded,  quarrelsome,  high-bred 
jade."    So  in-  chose  for  hi ! 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Dawson,  ironn 

Of    Mudlmry,    who    .rave    up    her 

tided   vanity 
Of  I  rawlevism.    '1  Ins  ironmoi 

ter  had  "  pink    c!i..k-   and   a   whiU 

but  bo  distinctive  character,  no  opinion?, 
no  occupation,  no  amuscmen 
of  mind,  no  temper ; 

female  machine." 

«"!'■    draggled  ittemly 

sky-blue  dr<  goes,"  wei  p 
and   in  cur:  nil  dinner- 

time.     She  dud   and    left   sir  I'ilt  for   the 
second    luiu     .  r.w    to 

fresh  .  pastures  new." 

Mr,  I  ..f  sir  Pitt. 

and  at  the  death  of  his  father  inheritor  of 
the    title    a:  .Mr.     Pitt     I 

most  [  man.    He  won',..    . 

starve  than  dine  without  a  dreas-eoal  and 
white  neckcloth.    Thewhch  > 


CRAWLEY. 


'220 


CRESSWELL. 


flown  to  him  ;  even  sir  Pitt  himself  threw 
oft'  his  muddy  gaiters  in  his  son's  presence. 
M  r.  Pitt  always  addressed  his  mothcr-in- 
law  with  "  most  powerful  respect,"  and 
strongly  impressed  her  with  his  high 
aristocratic  breeding.  At  Eton  he  wa3 
called  "  Miss  Crawley."  His  religious 
opinions  were  offensively  aggressive 
and  of  the  "evangelical  type."  lie 
even  built  a  meeting-house  close  by  his 
uncle's  church.  Mr.  Pitt  Crawley  came 
into  the  large  fortune  of  his  aunt,  Miss 
(  'rawloy,  married  lady  Jane  Sheepshanks, 
daughter  of  the  countess  of  Southdown, 
became  an  M.P.,  grew  money-loving  and 
mean,  but  less  and  less  "  evangelical  "  as 
he  grew  great  and  wealthy. 

Captain  Rawdon  Crawley,  younger 
brother  of  Mr.  Pitt  Crawley.  He  was  in 
the  Dragoon  Guards,  a  "  blood  about 
town,"  and  an  adept  in  boxing,  rat- 
hunting,  the  fives-court,  and  four-in- 
hand  driving.  He  was  a  young  dandy, 
mx  feet  high,  with  a  (.Teat  voice,  but  few 
brains,  he  could  swear  a  groat  deal, 
but  could  not  spell.  He  ordered  about 
Die  servants,  who  nevertheless  adored 
him  ;  was  generous,  but  did  not  pay  hla 
tradesmen;  a  Lothario,  free  and  easy. 
His  style  of  talk  was,  "Aw,  nw  ;  Jave- 
aw ;  Gnd-aw ;  it's  a  confounded  fine 
Begaw-aw — confounded  as  I  ever  smoked. 
Ciad-aw."  This  military  exquisite  was 
the  adopted  heir  of  Miss  Crawley,  but 
as  be  chose  to  marry  Becky  Sharp, 
was  set  aside  for  his  brother  Pitt.  For 
a  time  Becky  enabled  him  to  live  in 
splendour  "  upon  nothing  a  year,"  but  a 
great  scandal  got  wind  of  gross  impro- 
prieties between  lord  Steyne  and  Becky, 
so  that  Rawdon  separated  from  his  wife, 
and  was  given  the  governorship  of  Coven- 
try Isle  by  lord  Steyne.  "  His  excellency 
colonel  Rawdon  Crawley  died  in  his  island 
of  yellow  fever,  most  deeply  beloved  and 
deplored,"  and  his  son  Ruwdon  inherited 
his  uncle's  title  and  the  family  estates. 

The  Rev.  Bute  Crawley,  brother  of  sir 
Pitt.  He  was  a  "tall,  stately,  jolly, 
diovel-hatted  rector."  "  He  pulled  stroke- 
oar  in  the  Christ  Church  boat,  and  had 
thrashed  the  best  bruisers  of  the  town. 
The  Rev.  Bute  loved  boxing-matches, 
races,  hunting,  coursing,  balls,  elections, 
regattas,  and  good  dinners  ;  had  a  fine 
singing  voice,  and  was  very  popular." 
His  wife  wrote  his  sermons  for  him. 

Mrs.  Bute  Crawley,  the  rector's  wife, 
was  a  smart  little  lady,  domestic,  politic, 
but  apt 'to  overdo  her  "policy."  She 
q;ave  her  husband  full  liberty  to  do  as  he 


liked;  was  prudent  and  thrifty. — Thacke- 
ray, Vamtt,  Fair  (1848). 

Cray 'on  (Le  Sieur  de),  one  of  the 
officers  of  Charles  "the  Bold,"  duke  of 
Burgundy. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier- 
ttein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Crayon  {Geoffrey),  Esq.,  Washington 
Irving,  author  of  The  Sketch-Book  (1820). 

Crea'kle,  a  hard,  vulgar  school- 
master, to  whose  charge  David  Copper- 
field  was  entrusted,  and  where  he  first 
made  the  acquaintance  of  Steerforth. 

The  circumstance  stout  htm  which  impressed  me  most 
ha  bad  ii"  raiBB,  hut  s|<ike  iu  a  whisper. — C. 
Ihckcus.  Ihind  Cvfi*.-Tfi€td.  ri.  (ltHS/). 

Crebillon  of  Romance  {The),  A. 
Francois  Prevost  d'Exiles  (1097-1703). 

Credat  Judseus  Apella,  non 
ego  (Horace,  Sat.  I.  v.  100).  Of 
"Apella"  nothing  whatever  is  known. 
In  general  the  name  is  omitted,  and  the 
word  "  Judxus"  stands  for  any  Jew.  "A 
disbelieving  Jew  would  give  credit  to  the 
statement  sooner  than  I  should." 

CreTcenpit,  a  fictitious  river  near 
Hnsterloe,  according  to  the  hypothetical 
geography  of  Mfntw  Reynard,  who  calls 
on  the  hare  to  attest  the  fact. — Reynard 
the  Fox  (1498). 

Crescent  City,  New  Orleans 
[Or.Lenz],  in  Louisiana,  U.S. 

Cres'Bida,  in  Chaucer  Cresseide 
(2  syl.),  a  beautiful,  sparkling,  and 
accomplished  woman,  who  has  become 
a  by-word  for  infidelity.  She  was  the 
daughter  of  Calchaa,  a  Trojan  priest,  who 
took  piirt  with  the  Greeks.  Cressida  is  not 
a  character  of  classic  story,  but  a  mediaeval 
creation.  Pope  says  her  story  was  the 
invention  of  Lollius  the  Lombard,  his- 
toriographer of  U rhino,  in  Italy.  Cressid* 
betroths  herself  to  Troilus,  a  son  of 
Priam,  and  vows  eternal  fidelity.  Troilus 
gives  the  maiden  a  sleeve,  and  she  gives 
her  Adonis  a  ylove,  as  a  love-knot.  Soon 
after  this  betrothal  an  exchange  of 
prisoners  is  made,  when  Cressida  falls  to 
the  lot  of  Diomed,  to  whom  she  very 
soon  yields  her  love,  and  even  gives  him 
the  very  sleeve  which  Troilus  had  given 
her  as  a  love-token. 

a-  hla 

As  air.  as  water,  wind,  or  sandy  earth  .  . 

Yea,  let  [men]  say  to  stick  the  heart  of  falsehood, 

"  As  false  as  Cressid." 
Shakespeare,  Troiluj  and  Orcuida,  act  ill.  ec  S  (1602). 

CressweU  {Madame),  a  woman  of 
infamous  character,  who  bequeathed  £10 
for  a  fune.a!  sermon,  in  which  nothing 


CRETE. 


221 


CROAKER. 


HI  ghould  be  said  of  her.  The  duke  of 
Buckingham  wrote  the  sermon,  which 
was  us  follows: — "All  I  shall  say  ol  her 
is  this  :  she  was  born  well,  she  married 
welly  lived  veil,  and  died  well;  for  she 
was  born  at  Shad-well,  married  Cress- 
well,  lived  at  Clerken-well,  and  died  in 
B  ride-well." 

Crete  (Round  of),  a  blood-hound. — 
See  Midsummer  NnjhVs  Dream,  act  iii. 

8C.  2. 

Coupe  le  gorge,  that's  tlie  word ;  I  thee  defy  again 
0  houud  of  Crete  I 

Shakespeare,  Henry  V.  act  II.  tc.  1  (15!>9). 

Crete  (The  Infamy  oj),  the  Minotaur. 

[There]  lav  stretched 
The  infamy  of  Crete,  detested  brood 
Of  the  feigned  heifer. 

Dante,  Hell,  xii.  (13CK),  Cary's  translation). 

Creveeour  (2  ay/.).  The  count 
Philip  de  Creveeour  is  the  envoy  sent  by 
Charles  "the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy, 
with  a  defiance  to  Louis  XL  king  of 
France. 

The  countess  of  Creveeour,  wife  of  the 
count. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  (Juentin  Duruard 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Crib  (Tom),  Thomas  Moore,  author 
of  Tom  Crib's  Memorial  to  Cowjress 
(1819). 

CriUon.  The  following  story  is  told 
of  this  brave  but  simple-minded  officer. 
Henri  IV.,  after  the  battle  of  Arques, 
wrote  to  him  thus  : 

Prends-toi,  brave  Crlllon,  nous  arons  valncu  a  Arques, 
et  tu  n'y  culs  pas. 

The  first  and  last  part  of  this  letter  have 
become  proverbial  in  France. 

When  Crillon  heard  the  story  of  the 
Crucifixion  read  at  church,  he  grew  BO 
excited  that  he  cried  out  in  an  audible 
voice,  Cu  (ftais  tu,  Crillon  i  ("What, 
were  you  about,  Crillon,  to  permit  of 
buch  atrocity?") 

%*  When  Clovis  was  told  of  the 
Crucifixion,  he  exclaimed,  "  Had  I  and 
my  Franks  been  by,  we  would  have 
avenged  the  wrong,  I  warrant." 

Crime — Blunder.    Talleyrand  said 

of  the  execution  of  the  due  d'Enghien  by 
Napoleon  I.,  that  it  was  "not  merely 
a  crime,  it  was  a  blunder."  The  words 
have  been  attributed  to  Fouche'  also. 

Criino'ra  and  Connal.  Crimora, 
daughter  of  Rinval,  was  in  lose  witii 
Connal  of  the  race  of  Fingal,  who  was 
defied  by  Dargo.  He  begs  his  "sweet- 
tag"  to  lend  luin  her  father's  shield,  but 
■he  says  it  is  ill-fated,  for  her  rather  fell 
by  the  Bjenr  of  Goriuar.      Connal  went 


against  his  foe,  and  Crimora,  disguiw  I  in 
armour,  went  also,  but  unknown  to  him. 
She  saw  her  lover  in  fight  with  I " 
and  discharged  an  arrow  at  the  foe,  but  it 
missed  its  aim  and  shot  Connal.  .She  tan 
in  agony  to  his  succour.  It  was  too  late. 
He  died,  Crimora  died  also,  and  both 
were  buried  in  one  grave. — Ossian, 
Carrie- Thnra. 

Crim-Tartary,  now  called  the 
Crime'a. 

Crispin  (Si.).  Crisplnos  and  Cris- 
pianus  were  two  brothers,  bom  at  1. 
from  which  place  they  travelled  to 
Soissons,  in  France  (about  a.d.  8f8),  to 
propagate  the  gospel,  and  worked  as  -"hoe- 
makers,  that  they  mi^ht  not  be  chasuble 
to  any  one.  The  governor  of  the  town 
ordered  them  to  be  beheaded  the  very 
year  of  their  arrival,  and  they  were  made 
the  tutelary  saints  of  the  "gentle  craft." 
St.  Crispin's  Day  is  October  2b. 

Tills  day  Ls  called  the  feat  ol  CrtspUn  .  .  . 

And  I'ri  pin  CM  | 

Prom  tin.  iai  to  the  ending  ol  tin  wurld. 
Hut  »v  iii  it  shall  be  ramembi 

Bhakeeneare,  Bmtrt  >'■  oc«  !»■  «=•  3  (1»W). 

Critic  (A  Bossu),  one  who  criticizes 

the  "  getting np"  of  a  book  more  than  its 
literary  worth;  a  captious,  carping 
Rene  le  Bossu  was  a  French  critic  (1631- 
1680). 

The  epic  poem  your  lordship  hade  me  look  at,  upon 
taking  the  length,  breadth,  height,  and  depth  •■!  It.  end 
trying  thc-in  at  boBH  upon  an  and  Kail  Ol  l-«s30's,  'Us 

nut,  my   lord.  In  rim  uue  of  its  cliiiRiiiiuiis.    Admirable 
innililhMBlli  I — Sterne. 

(Probably  the  scale  referred  to  was  that 
ol    Bossut  the  mathematician,  and  that 

either  BoSSU  and  Bossut  have  been  con- 
founded, or  else  that  a  pun  is  intended.) 

Critic  (The),  by  R,  B.  Bheridan, 
gested  by  'The  Rehearsal  (177!'). 

*m*  The  Rehearsed  is  by  the  duke  of 
Buckingham  (1671). 

Critics  (  •  0i  Aristarchos  of 

Byzantium,  who  compiled,  in  the  * 

century  B.C.,  the  rhapsodic-  of  Homer. 

Croaker,  guardian  I     I  bland. 

Never  so  happy  as  when  he   imi 

himself    a    martyr,      lie    loves    a    funeral 

bitter  than  a  festival,  and  delights  t" 
think  thai  the  world  is  going  to  rack  and 

ruin.      His    favourite    phrase   is  "  Mil)   be 

not." 

A  poec.  fretful  will,  that  has  a  new  dl»tr*s»  for  n 
:  and  twenty.— Act  I.  l. 

Mr*.  the  very  isveiw 

grumbling,  atrabilious  husband.     BLe  ■  * 


CROCODILE. 


222 


CROMWELL. 


mirthful,  light-hearted,  and  cheerful  as 
a  lark. 

The  very  reverse  of  each  other.    She  all  laugh  and 
BO  joke,  he  always  complaining  and  never  sorruwful. 
Act  I.  1. 

Leontine  Croaker,  son  of  Mr.  Croaker. 
Being  sent  to  Paris  to  fetch  his  sister,  he 
falls  in  love  with  Olivia  Woodville,  whom 
he  brings  home  instead,  introduces  her 
to  Croaker  as  his  daughter,  and  ulti- 
mately marries  her. — Goldsmith,  The 
Good-natured  Man  (1768). 

Crocodile  (King).  The  people  of 
Isna,  in  Upper  Egypt,  affirm  that  there 
is  a  king  crocodile  as  there  is  a  queen 
bee.  The  king  crocodile  has  ears  but 
notnil,  and  has  no  power  of  doing  harm. 
Southey  says  that  though  the  king  croc- 
odile has  no  tail,  he  has  teeth  to  devour 
his  people  with. — Browne,  Travels. 

Crocodile  (Lady  Kitty),  meant  for  the 
duchess  of  Kingston. — Sam.  Footc,  A 
Trip  to    'Jala is. 

Crocodile's  Tears,  deceitful  show 
of  grief;  hypocritical  sorrow. 

It  Is  written  »hat  a  crocodile  will  weep  over  a  man's 
head  when   he  l>ath  devoured  the   body,  and  then  ha 

will  eat  up  the  head  too.  Wherefore  In  Latin  there  is 
a  proverbe :  Croc^dUi  lachrymtz  i"  crocodile's  tr;ir*"> 
to  signify  such  tews  as  are  fained  aud  spent  only  with 
intent  to  deceive  or  doe  harm.  — tiullokur,  BnytUh 
Expositor  (1616). 

Cassar  wil'  »«ep,  the  crocodile  will  weep. 

Drydon,  AU  for  Love  (16S2). 

Crocus,  a  young  man  enamoured  of 
the  nymph  Smilax,  who  did  not  return 
his  lovo.  The  gods  changed  him  into 
the  crocus  flower,  to  signify  unrequited 
love. 

Croesus,  king  of  Lydia,  deceived  by 
an  oracle,  was  conquered  by  Cyrus  king 
of  Persia.  Cyrus  commanded  a  hugo 
funeral  pile  to  be  erected,  upon  which 
Croesus  and  fourteen  Lydian  youths  were 
to  be  chained  and  burnt  alive.  When 
this  was  done,  the  discrowned  king  called 
on  the  name  of  Solon,  and  Cyrus  asked 
why  he  did  so.  "  Because  be  told  me  to 
call  no  one  happy  till  death."  Cyrus, 
struck  with  the  remark,  ordered  the  fire  of 
the  pile  to  be  put  out,  but  this  could  not 
be  done.  Croesus  then  called  on  Apollo, 
who  sent  a  shower  which  extinguished 
the  flames,  and  he  with  his  Lydians  came 
from  the  piie  unharmed. 

*#*  The  resemblance  of  this  legend  to 
the  Bible  account  of  the  Jewish  youths 
condemned  by  N  ebuchadnezzar  to  be  cast 
into  the  fiery  furnace,  from  which  they 
came  forth  uninjured,  will  recur  to  the 
reader.- -Daniel  iii. 


Croesus's  Dream.  Croesus  dreamt  that 
his  son  Atys  wrould  be  slain  by  an  iron 
instrument,  and  used  every  precaution  tc 
prevent  it,  but  to  no  purpose ;  for  one 
day  Atys  went  to  chase  the  wild  boar,  and 
Adrastus,  his  friend,  threw  a  dart  at  the 
boar  to  rescue  Atys  from  danger;  the  dart, 
however,  struck  the  prince  and  killed  him. 
The  tale  is  told  by  William  Morris  in  his 
Earthly  Paradise  ("July"). 

Croft  angry  {Mr.  Chrystal),  a  gentle- 
man fallen  to  decay,  cousin  of  Mrs. 
Martha  Bethune  Baliol,  to  whom,  at 
death,  he  left  the  MS.  of  two  novels, 
one  The  Highland  Widow,  and  the  other 
T/te  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  called  the  First 
and  Second  Series  of  the  "Chronicles  of 
Otnongate  "  (q.v.).  The  history  of  Mr. 
Chrystal  Crot'umgry  is  given  in  the 
introductory  chapters  of  T/ie  Highland 
Wuiow,  and  continued  in  the  introduction 
of  The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth. 

Lockhart  tells  us  that  Mr.  Croftangry 
is  meant  for  sir  Walter  Scott's  father 
and  that  "  the  fretful  patient  at  the 
death-bed  "  is  a  living  picture. 

Crofts  (Master),  the  person  killed  in 
a  duel  by  sir  (Jeotfrey  Hudson,  the  famous 
dwarf. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Croker's  Mare.  In  the  proverb  As 
coy  as  Croker's  mare.  This  means  "as 
chary  as  a  mare  that  carries  crockery." 

She  was  to  Uiem  as  kojr  as  a  croker's  mare. 

J    Heywood.  MMogu*.  u.  1  (1560). 

Crokers.  Potatoes  are  bo  called, 
because  they  were  first  planted  in  Croker's 
field,  at  Youghal,  in  Ireland. — J.  R. 
Blanche,  Recollections,  etc.,  ii.  119. 

Croma,  Ulster,  in  Ireland. — Ossian. 

Cromla,  a  hill  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  castle  Tura,  in  Ulster. — Ossian, 
Fen  i<il. 

Crommal,  a  mountain  in  Ulster , 
the  Li\bai  Hows  between  Crommal  and 
Croni  leach. — Ossian. 

Crom'well  (Oliver),  introduced  by- 
sir  W.  Scott  in  Woodstock. 

Cromveli's  dart. jhtcr  Elizabeth,  who  mar- 
ried John  Claypole.  Seeing  her  father 
greatly  agitated  by  a  portrait  of  Charles  I., 
she  gently  and  lovingly  led  him  away 
out  of  the  room. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Cromwell  is  called  by  the  preacher 
Burroughr  "the  archangel  who  did  battle 
with  the  devil." 

Cromwell's  Lucky  Day.    The  3rd  Sep- 


CRONA.  223 


tember  was  considered  by  Oliver  Crom- 
well to  be  hi*  red-letter  day.  0 
September,  lo.V),  ne  won  the  battle  of 
Dunbar;  on  3rd  September,  L661, 
the  battle  of  Worcester ;  ami  on  3rd 
September,  1658,  he  died.  It  is  not, 
however,  true  that  he  was  born  on  3rd 
September,  as  many  affirm,  for  bis  birth- 
day was  25th  April,  1599. 

QromtoeWa  Dead  Ji^lij  Insulted.  Crom- 
well's dead  body  was,  by  the  sanction  if 
not  by  the  express  order  of  Charles  II., 
taken  from  its  Rave,  exposed  on  a 
gibbet,  and  finally  buried  under  the 
gallows. 

%*SimilarIy,  the  tomb  of  Am'asis  king 
of  Egypt  was  broken  open  by  Cam! 
the  body  was  then  scourged  and  insulted 
in  various  ways,  and  finally  burnt,  which 
was  abhorrent  to  the  Egyptians,  who 
used  every  possible  method  to  preserve 
dead  bodies  in  their  integrity. 

The  dead   body   of    admiral    Coligny 
1  «..V'J    W«S    similarly    insulted    by 

Charles  1A.,  Catherine  de  Medicis,  and 
all  the  court  of  France,  who  spattered 
blood  ami  dirt  on  the  half-burnt  black- 
ened mass.  The  king  had  the  bad  taste 
to  say  over  it : 

Fragrance  sweeter  than  a  rose 
Kitt*  fr.ua  our  slausliUTuu1  Eon 

It  will  be  remembered  that  Coligflj  was 
the  guest  of  Charles,  his  only  crime  being 
that  he  was  a  huguenot. 

Crona  ("  murinurin  /"),  asmall  stream 
pawning  into  the  Carrot). — Ossian. 

Cro'nian  Sea  ( 7%e),  the  A  ret  ic  I  teean. 
Pliny  (in  hi;;  Nat.  I/ist.  iv.  16) says:  "A 
Thule  unius  diei  navigatione  mare  con- 
cretuir.  a  nonnullis  cronium  appellator." 

As  when  two  polar  wtndi  blowing  advene 
L'ikjii  the  Cronian  tea. 

MUton.  faradUa  Lott.  i.  'Jyo  (1663). 

Crook-fingered  Jack,  one  of  Ifae- 
heath'i  gang  of  thieves.  In  ei 
months'  service  he  brought  to  the  general 
stock  four  line  gold  watches  and  seven 
silver  ones,  sixteen  snuff-boxes  (five  of 
which  were  gold),  six  dozen  handkerchiefs, 
four  silver-nilted  swords,  six  shirts,  three 

1>eriwigs,  and  a  "  piece  "  ^i  broadcloth, 
am   calls  him  "  s  mighty  clean- 
Banded  fellow,"  and  adds: 

"emu iilrrliin  thrao  arr  ontr  Uie  frulti  of  M<  lrl<nro 
bi.in   1  .1. .it  t  know  xi  (of  ii"  man  all  re 

katli  ■  i  one*  of  mind  upon  Uio  ruad." — 

Gar.  TkaUr-j-j.tr  ,  Oi-cr.t,  i.   1  ,. 

Crop  (George),  an  honest,  hearty 
farmer,  who  has  married  a  second  wife, 
named  Dorothy,  between  whom  then  are 
andlem    quarrel*.      Two    especially    are 


CROSBIE. 

noteworthy.  rife  he  hopes 

that    1  I  ■   when 

the  law-suit  is  over  "  we  will  I  iv< 
pf>rn  for   dinner   every   Sunday."    The 

:.!>."       "But 

I  say  it  shall  be  pork.'  '  rk,  I'll 

tmb."   "  Pork,  I  tell  you. 

lamb."     "It  shan't  be  lamb,  I  will  ha\e 

pork."  The  other  quarrel  arises  from 
Crop's  having  left  the  door  open,  which 
he  a.>ks  his  wife  civilly  to  .-hut.     She 

refuses,    he  turns    ob- 

stinate, lie  turns  angry  ;  at  length  they 
that  the  person  who  first   speaks 
shall    shut    the  door.     Dorothy    - 
first,  and  Crop  gains    the   victory. — P. 
Hoare,  A  i  S  ny  no  Supper  (1754  I : 

Cropland    (  ),     an    ex- 

travagant, heartless  libertine  and  man  of 
fashion,    who    hates    the    country    • 
for  hunting,  and  looks  on  hit 
tenants  only  as  the  m<  ins  of  supplying 
money    for    his     personal     indulf 
Knowing  that  Emily    Worl 
th>  daughter  of  a  "  p  m,"  he 

her    "a   house    in    town,    the  run 
of    his   estate    in   the   country,  a    chariot, 

two  footmen,  and  6600  a  year;"  but  the 

lieutenant's  daughter  rejects  with  scom 
such  "  splendid  infamy."  At  the  end 
sir    Charles    is    D  i  s    his   own 

baseness,  and  offers  the  most  ample 
apologies  to  all  whom  he  has  offended. — 
G.  Colman,  The  J  wr  Gentleman  (1808). 

Croquomitaine  Lftm], 

le  raised  by  tear.      S 

m  was    a  terrible  c 
Fear  Fortress,  which  appeared  « i ui to  im- 
pregnable ;  bul   as  the  bold  appr 
it,    the    difficulties    of  i  .dually 

gave   way   and   even   the  fori 
vanished  into  thin  air. 

juemitaine    is    B    romance   in    tliret! 
parts:     the    first    part    is    a    tournament 

a    the   knights 
Moorish  king,  and   the  paladi 

( 
Sara:;  ;     and     the 

third  part  is  the  allegory  oi  Fear  1  i 

Mi  taint 

who  goei  in  search  of  Fear  i 

Crc:  .   Daniel    M 

R.A.      this  p-en  ionj  n 

•  of  character-portraits  in  / 

.)/  i ■;.!.  . 

M   born    1811,  aud  died 

Cro:/bie  i  1  ••  'aoi),  provost  of  Dune 


CROSBITE. 


224 


CROTHAR. 


fries,     a    friend     of    Mr.    Fairford    the 
lawyer. 

Mrs.  Crosbie,  wife  of  the  provost,  and  a 
cousin  of  Redgauntlet. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
■Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Cros'bite  (2  syl.),  a  barrister. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Cross.  A  favourite  legend  used  to 
be  that  the  Cross  was  made  of  three 
different  trees,  and  that  these  trees  sprang 
from  three  seeds  taken  from  the  "Tree 
of  Life  "  and  planted  in  Adam's  mouth  at 
death.  They  were  given  to  Adam's  son 
Scth  by  the  angel  who  guarded  paradise, 
and  the  angel  told  Seth  that  when  these 
seeds  became  trees,  Adam  would  be  free 
from  the  power  of  death. 

(This  is  rather  an  allegory  than  a 
legend.  For  other  legends  and  traditions 
see  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable.) 

Cross-legged  Host  (Dinina  with 
our),  going  without  dinner.  Lawyers  at 
one  time  gave  interviews  to  their  clients 
in  the  Round  Church,  famous  for  its 
effigies  of  knights  lying  cross-legged. 

Or  walk  the  Round  [Church]  with  knights  o'  the  posts. 
About  the  cross-legged  knights,  their  hosts. 

S.  BuUer,  Uudibra*.  111.  3  (1678). 

Cross  Purposes,  a  farce  by 
O'Brien.  There  are  three  brothers  named 
Bevil — Francis  an  M.P.,  Harry  a  lawyer, 
and  George  in  the  Guards.  They  all, 
unknown  to  each  other,  ■wish  to  marry 
Emily  Grub,  the  handsome  daughter  of 
a  rich  stock-broker.  Francis  pays  court 
to  the  father,  and  obtains  his  consent ; 
Harry  to  the  mother,  and  obtains  her 
consent ;  and  George  to  the  daughter, 
whose consenthe obtains,  and  the  twoelder 
brothers  retire  from  the  held.  The  fun 
of  the  farce  is  the  contention  of  the 
Grubs  about  a  suitable  husband,  their  joy 
at  finding  they  have  all  selected  Mr. 
Bevil,  and  their  amazement  at  discovering 
that  there  are  three  of  the  same  name. 

Cross  Questions  and  Crooked 
Answers.  An  Irish  recruit  about  to 
be  inspected  by  Frederick  the  Great,  was 
told  he  would  be  asked  these  questions : 
(1)  Howoldareyou  V  (2)  Howlonghave 
you  been  in  the  service  ?  (3)  Are  you 
content  with  your  pay  and  rations  ?  So 
lie  prepared  his  answers  accordingly. 
But  it  so  happened  that  the  king  began 
with  the  second  question  :  ''How  long 
have  you  been  in  the  service  ?  "  Paddy 
glibly  replied,"  Twenty  years."  "  Why," 
said  the  king,  "  how  old  are  you?"  "  Six 
months."   "  Six  months  ! "  rejoined  the 


king ;  "  surely  either  you  or  I  must  bt 
mad  !  "  "  Yes,  both,  your  majesty." 

Some  Highlanders,  coming  to  England 
for  emplov,  conceived  they  would  b€ 
asked  (1)  "Who  are  you?  (2)  Why  do 
you  come  here  ?  and  that  the  questioner 
might  then  say,  "  No,  I  don't  want  your 
service."  Scarcely  had  they  crossed  the 
border  than  they  came  to  the  body  of  a 
man  who  had  been  murdered.  They 
stopped  to  look  at  it,  when  a  constable 
came  up  and  said,  "Who  did  this?" 
"  We  three  Highlanders,"  was  the  pre- 
pared answer.  "  Whv  did  you  do  it?" 
said  the  constable.  "  For  the  money  and 
the  silver,"  was  the  answer  they  had 
prepared.  "You  scoundrels,"  said  the 
constable,  "  I  shall  hang  you  for  this." 
"  If  you  don't,  another  will,"  said  the 
men,  and  were  preparing  to  go  away, 
when  they  were  marched  off  to  jail. 

Cross'myloof,  a  lawyer.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Crothar,  "  lord  of  Atha,"  in  Con- 
naught  (then  called  Alnec'ma).  He  was 
the  first  and  most  powerful  chief  of  the 
Fir-bolg  ("bowmen")  or  Belgae  from  liri- 
tain  who  colonized  the  southern  parts  of 
Ireland.  Crothar  carried  off  Conla'ma, 
daughter  of  Cathmin  a  chief  of  the  Caei 
or  Caledonians  who  had  colonized  the 
northern  parts  of  Ireland  and  held  their 
court  in  Ulster.  As  Conlama  was  be- 
trothed to  Turloch  a  Cael,  he  made  an 
irruption  into  Connaught,  slew  Cormul, 
but  was  himself  slain  by  Crothar,  Corniul'B 
brother.  The  feud  now  became  general, 
"  Blood  poured  on  blood,  and  Erin's 
clouds  were  hung  with  ghosts."  The 
Cael  being  reduced  to  the  last  extremity, 
Trathel  (the  grandfather  of  Fingal)  sent 
Conar  (son  of  Trenmor)  tc  their  relief. 
Conar,  on  his  arrival  in  Ulster,  wu 
chosen  king,  and  the  Fir-bolg  being 
subdued,  he  called  himself  "the  king  of 
Ireland." — Ossian,  Temora,  ii. 

Crothar,  vassal  king  of  Croma  (in 
Ireland),  held  under  Artho  over-lord  of 
all  Ireland.  Crothar,  being  blind  with 
age,  was  attacked  by  Rothmar  chief  of 
Tromlo,  who  resolved  to  annex  Croma  to 
his  own  dominion  Crothar  sent  to 
Fingal  for  aid,  and  Fingal  sent  his  son 
Ossian  with  an  army  ;  but  before  he 
could  arrive  Fovar-Gormo,  a  son  of 
Crothar,  attacked  the  invader,  but  was 
defeated  and  slain.  When  Ossian 
reached  Ulster,  he  attacked  the  victorioej 


CR0T0N.V3  SAGE. 


225 


CRUCIFIXION. 


Rothm.ir.  and  both  touted  the  army  and 

slew  the  chief. — '  1 1  n  i. 

Croto'na'a    Saere,    Pythagoras,    bo 
called  became  hie  Bret  and  chief 
of    philosophy    was    established    at    Cro- 
tona  (H.  ii. c.  MO). 

Crouch'niaa,  from  the  invention  of 
the  Croes  to  St.  Helen's  Day,  i.e.  from 
May  S  to  Angnet  1H.  1  lulli well,  in  his 
Arrh  i  c  Dictionary,  says  it  mesne  "  I  'hri.^t- 
mas,"  t-it  this  is  wholly  impossible,  as 
Tusser,  in  his  "May  Remembrances," 
■ays:  "  From  hull  cow  fast,  till  Crouch- 
.iiinus  be  past,  i.<\  St.  Helen'i  Day." 
The  word  means  "Cross-mas." 

Crow.  As  the  crow  flies,  that  is, 
straight  from  the  point  of  starting  to  the 
point  to  be  reached,  without  being  turned 
from  tin-  path  by  booses,  rivers,  bills,  or 
other  obstacles,  which  do  Dot  divert  the 
crow  from  its  Bight.  The  Americans  cull 
>t  "The  Bee-line." 

Crowde'ro,  one  of  the  rabble  leaders 
encountered  by  Hudibras  at  a  bear- 
baiting.  The  academy  figure  of  this 
character  was  Jackson  or  Jephson,  a 
milliner  in  the  New  Exchange,  Strand, 
London.  He  lost  a  leg  in  the  Bervice  of 
•the  roundheads,  and  was  reduced  to  the 
necessity  of  earning  a  living  by  pla\  ing 
on  the  crowd  or  orouth  from  ale-house 
to  ale-house. — S.  Butler,  Hvdibras,  i.  2 
(1664). 

(The  crouth  was  a  lon^  box-shaped 
instrument,  with  six  or  more  strings,  Bup- 
ported  by  a  bridge.  It  was  played  with 
a  how.  The  last  noted  performer  on  this 
instrument  was  John  morgan,  a  Welsh- 
man, who  died  17"_'0.) 

Crowe  (Cbptoth),  the  attendant  of  -ir 
I.auini  lot  Greaves  (1  s;/l.),  in  his  | 
nations  to  reform  society.     Sir  Launcelot 
is  a  modern   don   Quixote,  and  captain 
Crowe  is  his  Sancho  Paaaa. 

Capbiln  Crowe  luul  maaaMlad  »  Btarohant  ifalp  In  the 

■mini    triul.-    f   r    nun.)     i .  .u  .      jn!        n..l    v.n.f 

n,..iL,-,  bj  .lint  ..|  (<■■:  Jit]     .;,  l  -j  .  Hi       Hi  ■  . 
•  uuui,  bmre, 

ii  it,  l.i. I    xi    little   m  qu  hiti  I    unli  the 

•  I  i  whim    <-J.  lni|MUlent,  ami  au 
not  help  brt«klii||   in   u|-»n  the 

be,  »IUi  repeated  Inter- 

'  .    w  hen   be  III i   itti  n  , 

bed  hit  period      1    Smollett.  Tk*  Ad—ntMrm 
Wk  •  '  •(  Uwiw  (I76U). 

•  Crowfiold  (Christopher),  a  pseu- 
donym of  Mrs,  Harriet  Bcecher  Stowe 
(1814-        ). 

Crown.  Godfrey,  when  made  the 
over-lord  of  Jerusali  m,  or  "  Baron  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre,"  refused  to  wear  a  crown 


of  gold  where  his  Saviour  had  only  wore 

•i  a  of  thorns. 

Canute,  after  the  rebuke  he  gave  to  his 
Batterers,  r.  :;:i  any 

symbol  i»f  royalty  at  all. 

C&nutu  (truth  worth;  10  ba  kn.>wn) 

I         ].>rWS 

The  oati 

BAteeiuliiic  earUily  p.y»lty 
l'rvtuiaptooui  IM  I 

Crown  of  the  East,  Antioch,  ais* 
called  "Antioch  the  Beautiful." 

Crown    of    Ionia,    Smyrna,      he 
largest  city  of  Aaia  M. 

Crowns.    Byron,  in  Don  /an,  says 

the   sultan    is    "master   of   thirty    king- 
doms"   (canto    vi.    90).      The    es 
Rossia   is    proclaimed    as    sovereign    of 

seventeen  crowns. 

*,*   Of  course   the   sultan 

master  of  thirty  kingdoms,  1878. 

Crowned  after  Death.    I 
Castro  was  exhumed  six  years  aftt 
assassination,    and    crowned    queen    of 
Portugal   by   her    husband,   don   lVdr.. 

(See  l.M./  DB  I  A8TBO.) 

Crowquill  [Alfred).   Alfred  Henry 

Forrester,   author    of    1  i    my 

Memorandum-Book    (1859),   one  of    the 

artists  of  Punch  (It 

Croye  lleabetk  of),  a  wan! 

Of  Charles  "the  Bold,"  duke  of  Burgundy. 
She  tirst  appears  at  the  turret  window  in 
Plessis  h  s  lours,  disguised  as  Jacqueline ; 

and   her  marriage  with  QuentU)    l'unsard 

concludes  the  novel. 

u  Hameline  of  Croye,  aunt 
to  countess  (sabelle.     First  disgn 

Dame     PeiOtte    (2     s,..i    at      I 

Tours  ;  aft)  rward-i  married  to  William  da 

La  Mar.  k.-  Sir  W  I  wait*  l>ur- 

ward  (time,  Edward  1  \ 

uur  de  la),   i 
Charles  "the  Bold,"  duk<  ol   Bui 
■   Sir  W.  Scott,  Amu  • 

ird  IV.). 

Croysa'tlo  (  T  •  ncral  lord 

Fairfax    (1611-1671).-   -  .     Hiflt- 

bras. 

Crucifixion    |  V     .      W 

.  i  the  story  of  the  Crucifixion,  he 

exclaimed,  "  Had  I  and  my  Frank  ■  I 
there,    «  a   would  •   1   tie 

wron 
When  Crillon  "the  Breve"  beard  the 

tali-,  lo  -  thai  he  could  not 

Hid   Btarlii)^  up  in  Um 

y 


CRUDOR.  226 


church,  he  cried  aloud,  Ok  e~tais  tu, 
drlllon?  ("What  were  you  about,  Crillon, 
to  allow  of  such  deeds  as  these? ") 

Crudor  (Sir),  the  knight  who  told 
Bria'na  he  would  not  marry  her  till  she 
brought  him  enough  hair,  consisting  of 
ladies'  locks  and  the  beards  of  knights, 
to  purfle  his  cloak  with.  In  order  to 
obtain  this  love-gift,  the  lady  established 
a  toll,  by  which  every  lady  who  passed 
her  castle  had  to  give  the  hair  of  her 
head,  and  every  knight  his  beard,  as 
"  passing  pay,"  or  else  fight  for  their 
lives.  Sir  Crudor  being  overthrown  by 
sir  Calidore,  liriana  was  compelled  to 
abolish  this  toll. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
v.  1  (1596). 

Cruel  (The),  Pedro  king  of  Castile 
(1334,  1350-1369). 

Cruik'shanks  (Ebenezer),  landlord 
of  the  Golden  Candlestick  inn. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (tiuie,  George  II.). 

Crum'mles  (Mr.  Vincent),  the 
eccentric  but  kind-hearted  manager  of 
the  Portsmouth  Theatre. 

It  was  necessary  that  Uie  writer  should,  like  Mr. 
Crummies,  dramatist,  construct  his  piece  in  the  interest 
of  "  the  pump  and  washing-tubs." — P.  Fitzgerald. 

Mrs.  Crummies,  wife  of  Mr.  Vincent 
Crummies,  a  stout,  ponderous,  tragedy- 
queen  sort  of  a  lady.  She  walks  or 
rather  stalks  like  lady  Macbeth,  and 
always  speaks  theatrically.  Like  her 
husband,  she  is  full  of  kindness,  and 
always  willing  to  help  the  needy. 

Miss  Ninetta  Crummies,  daughter  of 
the  manager,  and  called  in  the  play-bills 
"the  infant  phenomenon." — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nicldeby  (1838).    . 

Crumthormo,  one  of  the  Orkney  or 
Shetland  Islands.— Ossian,  Cath-Loda. 

Cruncher  (Jerry),  an  odd-job  man 
in  Tellson's  bank.  His  wife  was  con- 
tinually saying  her  prayers,  which  Jerry 
termed  "flopping."  He  was  a  "  resurrec- 
tion man." — C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities  (1859). 

Crupp  (Mrs.),  a  typical  humbug,  who 
let  chambers  in  ISuckingham  Street  for 
young  gentlemen.  David  Copperfield 
lodged  with  her. — C.  Dickens,  David 
Copperfield  (1849). 

Crushed  by  Ornaments.  Tar- 
pcia,  daughter  of  the  governor  of  the 
Roman  citadel  on  the  Saturnian  Hill,  was 
tempted  by  the  gold  on  the  Sabine 
bracelets  and  collars  to  open  a  gate  of 
the  fortress  to  the  besiegers,  on  condition 


CUCKOO. 

that  thty  would  give  her  the  ornamenta 
which  they  wore  on  their  arms.  Tarpeia 
opened  the  gate,  and  the  Sabines  as  they 
passed  threw  on  her  their  shields,  sayiDg, 
"  These  are  the  ornaments  worn  by  the 
Sabines  on  their  arms,"  and  the  maid  was 
crushed  to  death.  G.  Gilfillan,  alluding 
to  Longfellow,  has  this  erroneous  allu- 
sion : 

His  ornaments,  unlike  those  of  the  8»bine  [tic]  maid, 
have  not  crushed  him. — Introductory  Ktsay  to  Lon-j. 
/ell<na. 

Crusoe  (Eobinson),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  Daniel  Defoe.  Robinson 
Crusoe  is  a  shipwrecked  sailor,  who  leads 
a  solitary  life  for  many  years  on  a  desert 
island,  and  relieves  the  tedium  of  life  by 
ingenious  contrivances  (1719). 

(The  story  is  based  on  the  adventures 
of  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch  sailor, 
who  in  1704  was  left  by  captain  Stradding 
on  the  uninhabited  island  of  Juan  Fer- 
nandez. Here  he  remained  for  four  years 
and  four  months,  when  he  was  rescued 
by  captain  Woods  Rogers  and  brought  to 
England.) 

Was  there  ever  anything  written  by  mere  man  that 
the  reader  wished  longer  except  Robinson  Crusoe,  Don 
Quixote,  and  The  Pilifrim't  Progress  t — Dr.  Johnson. 

Cruth-Loda,  the  war-god  of  the 
ancient  Gaels. 

On  thy  top,  U-thormo,  dwells  the  misty  Loda :  the 
house  of  the  spirits  of  nen.  In  the  end  of  his  cloudy  hall 
bends  forward  Cruth>Loda  of  swords.  His  form  is  dimly 
seen  amid  the  wavy  mists,  his  right  hand  is  on  his  shield. 
-^)ssian,  Cath-Loda. 

CrystalTine  ( The).  According  to  the 
theory  of  Ptolemy,  the  crystalline  sphere 
comes  after  and  beyond  the  firmament  or 
sphere  of  the  fixed  stars.  It  has  a  shim- 
mering motion,  which  somewhat  inter- 
feres with  that  of  the  stars. 

They  pass  the  planet3  seven,  and  pass  the  "  fixed." 
And  that  crystalline  sphere  whose  balance  weighs 
The  trepidation  talked  [o/J. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost.  111.  (166S). 

Cuckold  King  (The),  sir  Mark  of 
Cornwall,  whose  wife  Ysolde  [E.sdld] 
intrigued  with  sir  Tristram  (his  nephew), 
one  of  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table. 

Cuckoo.  Pliny  (Nat.  Hist.  x.  9)  says . 
"Cuckoos  lay  always  in  other  birds' 
nests." 

But,  since  the  cuckoo  builds  not  for  himself, 
Remain  in  't  as  thou  innyst. 
Shakespeare,  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  act  11.  sc.  6(1608). 

(The  Bohemians  say  the  festivals  of 
the  Virgin  used  to  be  held  sacred  even  by 
dumb  animals,  and  that  on  these  sacred 
days  all  the  birds  of  the  air  ceased  build- 
ing their  nests  except  the  cuckoo,  which 
was  therefore  doomed  to  wander  without 
having  a  nest  of  its  own.) 


CUDDIE. 


227 


'(TMNoi:   IIAI.L 


Cud'die  <>r  Cuthbbbt  Hkadbigo, 
n  ploughman,  in  the  Krviee  of  lady 
BeUenden  of  the  Towei  of  Tillietudlem. 
—  sir  W.  Scott,  old  Mortality  (time, 
Charles  11.). 

Cuddy,    a   herdsman,    in    Bp 

Shcfi/u-'irJc's  C/ilcndir,  in  tlirce  eclogues 
of  which  Cuddy  is  introduced  : 
EcL  ii.  is  a  dialogue  between  Thenot 

run!  Cuddy,  in  which  Cuddy  is  a  lad 
who  complains  of  the  cold,  and  Thenot 
inments  the  degeneracy  of  pastoral  life. 
At  one  time  shepherds  and  herdsmen 
were  hardy,  frugal,  ami  contented ;  hut 
nowadays,  he  says,  "they are  effeminate, 
luxurious,  and  ambitions.'  lie  then  tells 
Cuddy  the  fable  of  "The  Oak  and  the 
Bramble."    (See  Thknot.) 

EcL  viii.  Cuddy  is  a  full-grown  man, 
appointed  umpire  to  decide  a  contention 
in  song  between  the  two  shepherds,  Willy 
and  Perigot.  He  pronounced  each  to  be 
worthy  of  the  prize,  and  then  sings  to 
them  the  "  Lament  of  Colin  for  Rosa- 
lind." 

Eel.  x.  is  between  Piers  and  Cuddy, 
the  subject  being  "divine  poetry." 
Cuddy  declares  no  poet  would  be  equal  to 
Colin  if  his  mind  were  not  unhappily 
unhinged  by  disappointed  love. — Spenser, 
Tlie  Shepheardc's  Calendar  (1579). 

Cvdiij.  a  shepherd,  who  boasts  that  the 
charms  of  his  Buxo  ma  far  exceed  those 
of  Blouzelinda,  Lobbin,  who  is  Blouze- 
linda'a  swain,  repels  the  boast,  and  the 
two  shepherds  agree  to  sing  the  praises 
of  their  respective  shepherdesses,  and  to 

make  ( 'l.id'dipole  arbiter  of  their  Con- 
tention. Cloddipole  listens  tn  their 
alternate  verses,  pronounces  that  "  both 
merit  an  oaken  staff,"  but,  says  lie,  "  the 
herds  are  weary  of  the  SOngS,  and  SO  am 
I." — Cay,  Pastoral,  i.  (171-1). 

(This  eclogue  is  in  imitation  of  Virgil's 
Eel.  iii.) 

Cui  Bono?  "  Of  what  practical  use 
Ifl  it  V  " — See  Cicero,  l'ro  J/uOM,  xii.  B2. 

f-atn.  thnt  greAt  and  Kmve  pbQoaophar,  ilitl  r<<mlitohl)' 

..   pi  ■  „ct  wai  propoundad  unt.» 
Lim.  "i'iiI  booof"    Whal  k->»i  would  anma  In  cme  Uie 
mute  wiru  elfutlul?— Th.  Kultor.  It  <,rt>.i«  l"  Too  UmUn. 
I  I. 

Culdoes  (i.e.  ttquesttred  / 
tlie  |irnnitive  clergy  of  presbyterian 
character,  established  in  lo'na  or  holm- 
kill  [I-columb-kUf]  by  St.  Columb  and 
twelve  of  his  followers  in  668,  They 
also  founded    similar   church 

al    A!-  raethj  ,     1  lunkeld, 
aaldy  [Kir  I  ■  ■•.,  and  ut  Lind<  s- 


fame,  in  England.    Some  say  as  many  m 

anded    by 
\        tine,  a  bishop  of  Waterford, 
a    in    1 1 7«>  a    war   of 
mination,  when  those  who  could  escape 
sought  refuge  in  Ions,  the  original  cradle 
of  the  sect,  and  wen    not  driven  thence 
till  1208, 

Peace  to  their  ituulej  !  I 

Were  Albjm'i  [SooCfanrf'jJ  cirllcat  pnoaU  it  God, 

Ere  yet  an  lil-iml  of  tier  ni 

By  fuol  of  Saxon  uumk  wu  trod. 

Campbell.  Reuilut*. 

Culloch  [Baumey),  a  pedlar. — Sir  \V. 
Bcott,    duy    Manaering    (time,    >> 
111.). 

Cumberland  (John  of).  "  The  devil 
and  John  of  Cumberland"  is  a  blunder 
for  "The  devil  ami  John-a-Cumber." 
John-a-Cumber  was  a  famous  Scotch 
magician. 

He  po«te  to  Scotland  for  brnre  J.ihn-a-Cumber. 
in Ij  man  rauownde  for  magic*  »kllL 

A.  Maadajr,  Jtkn  a  Ktmt  ami .  .1306). 

Cumberland  [William  Augustus  duke 
of),  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  of 
11.,  whose  son  he  was.  The 
duke  was  especially  celebrated  for  his 
victory  of  Cullo'den  (1746)  ;  but  b< 
called  "The  Butcher"  froi 
Beveritywith  which  he  stamped  out  the 

clan  system  of  the  Scottish  Highlanders. 

He  was  wounded  in  the  leg  at  the  battle 
M  Dettingen  1 17 1  9  .     B  r  91     i 
introduced    him    in     Waosrlsy    (time, 

II.). 

Lnd  pran.-rs,  InfiilUm  the  ilaln. 

ino  lr,»l  !.•  the  pl.iln. 
Campbell.  /.•»   •• 

Cumboriand  Poet  {The).  William 
Wordsworth,  born  at  Cockermouth 
(1770-1850). 

Cum'bria.    It  included  Cumberland, 

Dumbarton,     Benfrew.     A\r,     Lanark, 

I,   Selkirk,    Boxburgh,   and   Hum- 
fries 

Cumnor  Ilnll,  a  ballad  by  afickie. 

the    lament    of     Amy    Bobsart.    wl 

been  won  and  thrown  an  •■■  by  the  carl 

I     and 

lilies  grow  in  courts,  why  did  he  pluck 

the   primrose  of  the  Held,  whicl 

country     swain     might     lave     won     and 

value. 1  ?      1 

grieved    in  Cumnor   Hall,  and  er<    dawn 

the  death  bell  rang,  and  in  \  ■  I 

that  Ci  I 

r  the 

groundwork  of  hi  ch  In? 

'  town  c   /■  * 


CUNEGONDE. 


228 


CURTAIN  PAINTED. 


publisher,  induced  him  to  change  the 
name. 

Cune'gonde  [Ku' .na.qond],  the 
mistress  of  Candide  (2  syl.),  in  Voltaire's 
novel  called  Candide.  Sterne  spells  it 
"  Cunegund." 

Cun'ningham  (Archie),  one  of  the 
archers  of  the  Scotch  guards  at  Plessis 
le"s  Tours,  in  the  pay  of  Louis  XI. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Quentin  Durward  (time,  Ed- 
ward IV.). 

Cu'no,  the  ranger,  father  of  Agatha. 
—Weber,  Der  Freischiitz  (1828). 

Cuno'beline,  a  king  of  the  Sil'urCs, 
aon  of  Tasciov'anus  and  father  of  I  Sarac- 
tacus.  Coins  still  exist  bearing  the 
name  of  "  Cunobeline,"  and  the  word 
"Camalodunum  "  [ Colchester] ,  the 
capital  of  his  kingdom.  The  Roman 
general  between  a.i>.  43  and  -17  was 
Aulus  Plautius,  but  in  47  Ostorius 
Scapula  took  Caractacus  prisoner. 

Some  think  Cunobeline  is  Shake- 
speare's "  Cymbeline,"  who  reigned  from 
B.C.  H  to  a.i>.  27  ;  but  <  vnil, time's  father 
was  Tenautius  or  Tenuantias,  hi-  sons 
Guide'rius  and  Arvir'agus,  and  the  Roman 
general  was  Caius  Lucius. 

.  .  .  the  courageous  sons  of  our  Cunobelin 
Sank  under  l'luutius'  sword. 

Iiniyton,  folyolbion,  viil.  (liWJ). 

Cunstance  or  Constance.  (See 
Custance.) 

Cupar  Justice,  hang  first,  and  try 
afterwards.  (Same  as  "  Jedbury  Jus- 
tice.") 

Cupid  and  Psyche   [Si'.Ayl,  an 

episode  in  The  Golden  Ass  of  A  puli-ius. 
The  allegory  represents  Cupid  in  love 
with  Psyche.  He  visited  her  every 
evening,  and  left  at  sunrise,  bat  strictly 
enjoined  her  not  to  attempt  to  discover 
who  he  was.  One  night  curiosity  over- 
came her  prudence,  and  going  to  look 
upon  her  lover  a  drop  of  hot  "il  fell  on 
his  shoulder,  awoke  him,  and  he  tied. 
Psyche  now  wandered  in  search  of  the 
lost  one,  but  was  persecuted  by  Venus 
with  relentless  cruelty.  Having  suffered 
almost  to  the  death,  Cupid  at  length 
married  her,  and  she  became  immortal. 
Mrs.  Tighe  has  a  poem  on  the  ■abject  ; 
'  Wm.  Morris  has  poetized  the  same  in 
his  Earthly  Paradise  ("  May  ")  ;  Lafon- 
tains  has  a  poem  called  Psyche,  in  imita- 
tion of  the  episode  of  Apuleins;  and 
Moliere  has  dramatized  the  subject. 

%*  Woman's  ideal  of  lo\e  must  Dot 
be  subjected  to  too  strong  a  light,  or  it 
will  nee  away,  and  the  woman  will  sutfer 


Ion:;  years  of  torment.  At  length  truth 
will  correct  her  exaggerated  notions,  and 
love  will  reside  with  her  for  the  rest  of 
her  life. 

Cupid's  Jack  -  o' -  Lantern,  the 
object  of  an  affair  of  gallantry.  Bob 
Acres  says  : 

"  Sir,  I  have  followed  Cupid's  Jack-o'-lantern,  and  And 
myself    In  a  quagmire  at  last." — Sheridan,  Th»   Jtiralt, 

lli.  4  (1775). 

Cu'pidon  (Jean).  Count  d'<  >rsay 
was  so  called  by  lord  I'.yron  (1798-1852), 
The  count's  father  was  styled  Le  Bean 
d  Orsay. 

Cur'an,  a  courtier  in  Shakespeare's 
tragedy  of  KimQ  Lear  (1G05). 

Cure  de  Meudon,  Rabelais,  who 
was  tirst  a  monk,  then  a  leech,  then 
prebendary  of  St.  Maar,  and  lastly  cure* 
of  Meudon  (1488-16M). 

Cu'rio,  a  gentleman  attending  on  the 
duke  of  Illvria. — Shakespeare,  Twelfth 
Night  (1614). 

Curio.  So  Akenside  calls  Mr.  ru!- 
teiu-v,  and  styles  him  "the  betrayer  of 
.ntry,"  alluding  to  the  great  states- 
man's change  of  politics.  Curio  was  a 
young  Roman  senator,  at  one  time  the 
avowed  enemy  of  Qatar,  but  subsequently 
■  r's  party,  and  one  of  the  victims 
of  the  civil  war. 

Is  this  the  man  In  freedom's  cause  approves]. 
The  man  so  treat,  so  honoured,  so  beloved  .  .  . 
Tbll  '  ■  and  scorned  In  all. 

W  uo  lell  himself  to  » ■  I  fall  ? 

Akeii.ide.  K/UH*  to  Cstrto. 

Curious    Impertinent    ( The),    a 

tale  introduced  by  Cervantes  in  his  L><*n 
ijuisiite.  The  "impertinent"  is  an 
Italian  gentleman  who  is  silly  enough 
to  make  trial  of  his  wife's  fidelity  by 
peraoading  a  friend  to  storm  it  if  he 
can.  Of  course  his  friend  "  takes  the 
fort,"  and  the  fool  is  left  to  bewail  his 
own  folly.— Pt.  I.  ir.  5  (1(105). 

Currer  Bell,  the  mm  de  jlnme  of 
Charlotte  Bronte,  author  of  Jane  Kyr* 
[Air]  (1S1G-185/). 

Curtain  Painted.  Parrhasios 
painted  a  curtain  M<  wonderfully  well 
that  even  Zcuxih,  the  rival  artist, 
thought  it  was  real,  and  bade  him  draw 
his  drapery  aside  and  show  his  picture. 
The  painting  of  Zeus  is  was  a  bunch  ol 
grapes  so  true  to  nature  that  the  birds 
came  to  peck  at  the  fruit.  The  "  cur- 
tain," however,  gained  the  prize  ;  for 
though  the  grapes  deceived  the  bitds, 
the  curtain  deceived  Zeuxis. 


CURTANA. 


229 


CUTHULLIN'. 


Curta'na,  the  sword  of  Edward  the 
Con'fessor,  which  had  no  [mint,  ami  was 
therefore  the  emblem  of  mercy.  Till  the 
reign  of  Henry  III.  the  royal  sword  of 
tugland  was  so  called. 

But  when  Curlana  will  not  do  the  deed. 

You  lay  the  potntlsa  dt  rgy-waa| I>y, 

AnJ  t.>  the  laws,  (tout  swi.nl  of  Justice,  fly. 
l>ryden,  The  lliiul  aiui  the  ratUKer.  11.  (1887). 

Curta'na  or  Courtaia,  the  sword 
cf  Ogier  tlie  Dane. 

He  [Oyltr]  drew  Courtain  his  sword  out  of  its  sheath. 
W.  Murrb.  EarMy  I'aradue,  tvM. 

Curt-Hose  (2  syl.),  Robert  II.  due 
fde  Normandie  (1087-1134). 

Curt-Mantle,  Henry  II.  of  Eng- 
land (1133,  1154-1189).  So  called  be- 
cau.se  he  wore  the  Anjou  mantle,  which 
was  shorter  than  the  robe  worn  by  his 
predecessors. 

Curtis,  one  of  Petruchio's  servants. 
— Shakespeare,  Tainimj  of  the  Shrew 
(1594). 

Cur'zon  Street  (London).  So  named 
after  the  ground-landlord,  George  Au- 
gustus Curzon,  third  viscount  Howe. 

Cushla  Maehree  (Irish),  "  My 
heart"s  delight." 

Custance,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
of  Home,  affianced  to  the  sultan  of  Syria, 
who  abjured  his  faith  and  consented  to 
be  baptized  in  order  to  marry  her.  His 
mother  hated  this  apostacy,  and  at  the 
wedding  breakfast  slew  all  the  apostates 
except  the  bride.  Her  she  embarked  in  a 
ship,  which  Was  set  adrift,  and  in  due 
time  reached  the  British  shorts,  where 
Custance  was  rescued  by  the  lord-con- 
atable  of  Northumberland,  who  took  her 
home,  and  placed  her  under  the  care  of 
his  wife  Ilermegild.  Custance  converted 
both  the  constable  and  his  wife.  A 
young  knight  wished  to  marry  her,  but 
she  declined  his  suit,  whereupon  he 
murdered  Hermcgild,  and  then  laid  the 
bloody  knife  beside  Custance,  to  make  her 
suspected  of  the  crime.  King  Alia  ex- 
amined the  case,  and  soon  discovered  the 
real  facts,  whereupon  the  knight  was  exe- 
cuted, and  the  king  married  Custance. 
The  queen-mother  highly  disapproved  of 
the  match,  and  during  the  absence  of  her 
son  in  Scotland  embarked  distance  and 
!n  r  infant  boy  in  a  ship,  which  «  as 
turned  adrift.  After  floating  about  tor 
'  re  years,  it  was  taken  in  tow  by  a 
R(  man  fleet  on  its  return  from  Syria,  ami 

Custance  with  her  son  Maurice  became 
UM  guests  of   a  Roman    senator.     It    bo 


happened  that  Alia  at  this  same  time  was 
a;  Rome  on  a  pilgrimage,  and  encountered 
his  wile,  wiio  returned  with  him  to 
Northumberland  and  lived  in  peace  and 
happiness  the  rest  of  her  life.— -Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  ("  The  Man  of  Law's 
Tale,"  1388). 

distance,  a  gay  and  rich  widow,  whom 
Ralph  Roister  Doister  wishes  to  marry, 
but  he  is  wholly  bathed  in  his  scheme. — 
Nicholas  UdaU,  Balph  Router  bvistcr 
(first  English  comedy,  1534). 

Cute  (Alderman),  a  "  practical  philo- 
sopher," resolved  to  put  down  everything. 
In  his  opinion  "everything  must  he  pot 
down."  Starvation  must  be  put  down, 
and  so  must  suicide,  sick  mothers,  babies, 
and  poverty. — C.  Dickens,  1'he  Chimes 
(1844). 

Cuthal,  same  as  Uthal,  one  of  the 
Orkneys. 

Cuthbert  (St.),  a  Scotch  monk  of 
the  sixth  century. 

St.  Cuthberfs  Beads,  joints  of  the 
articulated  stems  of  encrinites,  used  for 
rosaries.  So  called  from  the  Legend  that 
St.  Cuthbert  sits  at  night  on  the  rock  in 
Holy  Island,  forging  these  "beads." 
The  opposite  rock  serves  him  for  anvil. 

On  a  rock  of  Llndi  Ban 
St.  Cuthl»erl  sits,  ami  tolls  to  frame 
The  sea  born  bcjuls  thai  t>e:ir  his  name. 

Sir  W.  Scott.  Jfarmi,... 

St.  Cuthberfs  Stane,  a  granite  rock 
in  ( lumberland. 

St.  Cuthberfs  Well,  a  spring  of  water 
close  by  St.  Cuthbert's  Stane. 

Cuthbert  Bede,  the  Rev.  Edw. 
Bradley,  author  of  Verdant  Qreen  (1857). 

Cutho'na,  daughter  of  Burner,  was 
Detrothed  to  Conlath,  youngest  son  of 
Blond,  of  Mora.  Not  long  before  the 
espousals  were  to  be  celebrated,  I 

came  from  Ireland,  and  was  hospitably 
entertained  by  Monti.  On  the  fourth  day. 
he  saw  Cuthona  out  hunting,  anil  carried 
her  off  by  force.  Being  pursued  by 
Conlath,  a  light  ensued,  in  which  both 
the  young  men  fell,  and  Cuthona, 
languishing   for  three   days,  died  ■■ 

Ossian,  Conlath  atul  Cuthona, 

Cuthullin,  son  of  Semo,  commander 
of  the  Irish  army,  and  regent  during  the 
minority  of  Connac.  Hi.-  wife  w  aj 
Brag'ela,  dan  rhter  of  Sorglan.  In  the 
poem  tailed  t  n :  i/,  Cuthullin  was  de* 
feated  by  Swaran  king  of  L'icblin 
[Scandinavia',    and    being    u.hairrou     to 


CUTLER. 


230 


CYLLAROS. 


meet  Fingal,  retired  from  the  field  gloomy 
and  sad.  Fingal,  having  utterly  defeated 
Swaran,  invited  Cuthullin  to  the  ban- 
quet, and  partially  restored  his  depressed 
spirits.  In  the  third  year  of  Cormac's 
reign,  Torlath,  son  of  Can'tela,  rebelled. 
Cuthullin  gained  a  complete  victory  over 
him  at  the  lake  Lego,  but  was  mortally 
wounded  in  the  pursuit  by  a  random 
arrow.  Cuthullin  was  succeeded  by 
Nathos,  but  the  young  king  was  soon 
dethroned  by  the  rebel  Cairbar,  and 
murdered. — Ossian,  Fingal  and  The  Death 
of  Cuthullin. 

Cutler  (Sir  John),  a  royalist,  who 
died  ICO!),  reduced  to  the  utmost  poverty. 

Cutler  saw  tenants  break,  and  houses  fall. 
For  very  want  he  could  not  build  a  wall. 
His  only  daughter  in  a  stranger's  power, 
For  very  want  he  could  not  pay  a  dr/wer. 
A  few  grey  hiiirs  his  reverend  temples  crowned, 
Tw  13  v.  r>  want  that  sold  them  for  two  pound.  . . . 
Cutler  and  Brutus,  dying,  both  exclaim, 
"  Virtue  and  Wealth,  what  are  ye  but  a  name? " 

Hope,  Moral  Eitayt,  iii.  (1709). 

Cutpurse  (Mull),  Mary  Frith,  the 
heroine  of  Middleton's  comedy  called  The 
ltoarimj  Girl  (1011).  She  was  a  woman 
of  masculine  vigour,  who  not  unfre- 
quently  assumed  man's  attire.  This 
notorious  cut-purse  once  attacked  general 
Fairfax  on  Hounslow  Heath,  but  was 
arrested  and  sent  to  Newgate  ;  she  es- 
caped, however,  by  bribing  the  turnkey, 
and  died  of  dropsy  at  the  age  of  7f>. 
Nathaniel  Field  introduces  her  in  his 
drama  called  Amends  for  Ladies  (1G18). 

Cuttle  (Captain  Edward),  a  great 
friend  of  Solomon  Gills,  ship's  instru- 
ment maker.  Captain  Cuttle  had  been  a 
skipper,  had  a  hook  instead  of  a  right 
hand,  and  always  wore  a  very  hard, 
glazed  hat.  He  was  in  the  habit  of 
quoting,  and  desiring  those  to  whom  he 
spoke  "to  overhaul  the  catechism  till 
they  found  it ;  "  but,  he  added,  "  when 
found,  make  a  note  on."  The  kind- 
hearted  seaman  was  very  fond  of 
Florence  Dombey,  and  of  Walter  Gay, 
■whom  he  called  "  WaTr."  When  Flo- 
rence left  her  father's  roof,  captain 
Cuttle  sheltered  her  at  the  Wooden 
Midshipman.  One  of  his  favourite 
sentiments  was  "  May  we  never  want  a 
friend,  or  a  bottle  to  give  him." — C. 
Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (184G). 

("  When  found,  make  a  note  of  "  is  the 
liotto  of  Notes  and  Queries.) 

Cyan'ean    Rocks,    the    Symple'- 

Sltdes  (which  see),  so  called  from  their 
eep  greenish-blue  colour. 

Here  are  those  lmril  rocks  of  trap  of  a  grecilsh  blue 


coloured  with  copper,  and  hence  called  the  Cyanee*. 
—Olivier. 

Cye'lades  (3  syl.),  some  twenty 
islands,  so  called  from  the  classic  legend 
that  they  circled  round  Delos  when  that 
island  was  rendered  stationary  by  the 
birth  of  Diana  and  Apollo. 

Cyclic  Poets,  a  series  of  epic  poets, 
who  wrote  continuations  or  additions  to 
Homer's  Iliad  and  Odyssey  ;  they  were 
called  "  Cyclic  "  because  they  confined 
themselves  to  the  cycle  of  the  Trojua 
war. 

Ag'ias  wrote  an  epic  on  "  the  return  of 
the  Greeks  from  Troy  "  (b.c.  740). 

Abcti'nos  wrote  a  continuation  of  the 
Iliad,  describing  the  taking  of  Troy  by 
the  "  Wooden  Horse,"  and  its  conflagra- 
tion. Virgil  has  copied  from  this  poet 
(b.c.  770). 

Eu'gamon  wrote  a  continuation  of  the 
Odyssey.  It  contains  the  adventures  of 
Teleg'onos  in  search  of  his  father 
Ulysses.  When  he  reached  Ith'aca, 
Ulysses  and  Telemachos  went  against 
him,  and  Telcgonos  killed  Ulysses  with 
a  spear  which  his  mother  Circe  had  given 
him  (n.c.  568). 

Lks'cues,  author  of  the  Little  Iliad,  in 
four  books,  containing  the  fate  of  Ajax, 
the  exploits  of  Philoctetes,  Neoptol'emos, 
and  Llysses,  and  the  final  capture  of 
Troy  (s.O.  708). 

Sjwsi'nos,  "  son-in-law  "  of  Homer. 
He  wrote  an  introduction  to  the  Iliad. 

Cyclops.  Their  names  are  Brontes, 
Sterop&s,  and  Arges.  (See  Sindbad, 
voy.  o.) 

Cyclops  ( The  Holy).  So  Drydcn,  in  the 
Masque  of  Albion  and  Albanius,  calls 
Richard  Rumbold-,  an  Englishman,  the 
chief  conspirator  in  the  "  Ryehouse  Plot." 
He  had  lost  one  eye,  and  was  executed. 

Cydip'pe  (3  syl.),  a  lady  courted  by 
Acontius  of  Cea,  but  being  unable  to 
obtain  her,  he  wrote  on  an  apple,  "  1 
swear  by  Diana  that  Acontius  shall  be  my 
husband."  This  apple  was  presented  to 
the  maiden,  and  being  persuaded  that  she 
had  written  the  words,  though  inadver- 
tently, she  consented  to  marry  Acontius 
for  "  the  oath's  sake." 

Cydlppe  by  a  letter  was  betrayed. 
Writ  on  an  apple  to  th'  unwary  maid. 

Ovid,  Art  of  Lore,  I 

Cyl'laros,  the  horse  of  Pollux 
according  to  Virgil  (Georg.  iii.  90),  but  of 
Castor  according  to  Ovid  (Mctam.  xii. 
408).  It  was  coal-black,  with  white  leg* 
and  tail. 


CTLLENIUS. 


281 


CYNTHIA. 


Cylle'nius,  Mercury  ;  so  called  from 
mount  Cylkne,  in  Arcadia,  where  he  was 
■jorn. 

Cym'beline  (3  sy/.)i  mythical  king 
of  Britain  for  thirty-five  yean.  He 
began  to  reign  in  the  nineteenth  year  of 
Augustus  Csaar.     His  rather  was  Tenan- 

tiu8,  who  refused  to  pay  the  tribute  to 
the  Romans  exacted  of  Cassibelan  after 
his  defeat  by  Julius  Civsar.  Cymbeline 
married  twice.  By  his  first  wife  he  had 
a  daughter  named' Imogen,  who  married 
Posthumus  Leon&toa.  His  Becond  wife 
had  a  son  named  Cloten  by  a  former 
husband. — Shakespeare,  Cymbeline  (1605). 

Cymochlos  [Sl.mdk'.leez],  brother 
of  1'yroch'les,  son  of  Aerates,  and  hus- 
band of  Acras'ia  the  enchantress.  He 
sets  out  against  sir  Guyon,  but  being 
ferried  over  Idle  Lake,  abandons  him- 
self to  self-indulgence,  and  is  slain  by 
king  Arthur  (canto  8). — Spenser,  FaSry 
Qua  n,  ii.  5,  etc.  (1590). 

Cymod'oce  (4  syl.).  The  mother  of 
Marlnel  is  so  called  in  bk.  iv.  12  of  the 
Faery  Queen,  but  in  bk.  iii.  4  she  is 
spoken  of   as   Cymo'ent  "daughter  of 

Kerens"  (2  syl.)  by  an  carth-boru  father, 
"  the  famous  Dumarin." 

Cymoent.    (See  Cymodoce.) 

Cym'ry,  the  Welsh. 

The  Welsh  always  called  themselves  "Cyiiiry."  the 
Bnl  meanlni  ol  which  Is  " aborigines."  ...  It  is  Uie 
tune  word  as  "  Clnibri."  .  .  .  The*  cdl  tlieT  language 
MCymrac«,"  i.e.  "  Uie  primitive  tongue."— E.  Williams. 

Cynaegi'ros,  brother  of  the  poet 
JEschylos.  When  the  Persiane,  after 
the  battle  of  Marathon,  were  pushing  off 
bom  shore,  Cynsagiros  seized  one  of 
their  ships  with  his  right  hand,  which 

being  lopped  off,  he  grasped  it  with  his 
left  hand  ;  this  being  cut  off,  he  seized  it 
with  his  teeth,  and  losl  his  life. 
Admiral    Bkwbow,   in    an    en 

ment  with  the   French,  near  St.  Martha, 
in  1701,  had  his  legs  and  thighs  shivered 
into  splinters  by  chain-ehol  ;  bnl 
ported  on  a  wooden  frame)  I  i 
on  deck  till  Du  I  !aese  sheered  off. 

Almbtda,  the  Portuguese  governor 
of  India,  had  his  legs  and  thighs  shattered 
:milar  way,  and  caused  himseli  to 
i  and  t..  the  ship's  mast,  thai  h 
wave  his  sword  to  cheer  on  the  oom- 
hrrnrtt 

Jaakkk,  at  the  battle  of  Bluta,  cap- 
ried  the  sacred  banner  of  the  prophet. 
<>ne  hand  being  lopped  off,  he  held  it 
with  the  other  ;  this  also  being  cut  off,  be 


held  it  with  his  two  stumps,  and  when  at 

head  was  cut  oil",  he  contrived  to 

full  dead   On   tie-    I  h   was  thus 

dlah  had  time  to  - 

it  an  l  hand  it  to  Khali 

Cyno'tha  (8  s</l.),  eldest  son  of  Oad- 
wallon  (king  of  North  \\  ales  ,     1 

an  orphan,  Brought  Dp  by  his  uncle  I  >w<n. 
During  his  minority,  Owen  and  Cynetha 
loved  each  other  dearly;  but  when  th« 
orphan  came  of  ago  and  claimed  his  in- 
heritance, his  uncle  burnt  his  •  ■ 
ig  them  to  plates  of  hot  bra*. 
Cynetha  and  his  son  Cadwallon  accom- 
panied BiadoC  to  North  America. 
the  blind  old  man  died  while  tfadoc  was 
in  Wales  preparing f or  his  second  royagf 
— Southey,  Madoc,  i.  8  (1801    • 

Cad wallonis  erat  prlrruerus  Jure  Cjmltha : 

I'ruh  pudor  1  nunc  oculis  patruus  privarlt  Oenne. 

Cynic  Tub  (  Th e ),!> i  Cy  n io 

philosopher  lived  in  a  tub,  and  it  i-  to 
this  fact  that  allusion  is  made  in  the  line: 

[T*«y]  fetch  their  d«trlni~<  Iron  th'  Cynfc  tuh. 

Cy'nosure    (3  syl.),   the    pol 
The  word  means  "  the  dog'a  tail,"  and  is 

■  ify  a  guiding  genius, 
observed  ol  all  observers.     <'• 
an   [dawn  nymph,  one   of  the  nurses  of 
Zeus  (1  syl.). 

Some  pentte  taper, 
Tho'  a  rush  candle,  ban  the  wtdnsT  hole 
Of  some  cU]  it  us 

With  thy  lone  terelled  -       of  "»M 

And  thcii  ita  ilt  b«  our  .^ir..l  A  ready. 
Or  T\rinn  <yuo»ure. 

ktOtoa,  rom«4  (HB4). 

Whan  puritan  nm  Baaatj  ilea, 
Tlie  cj  no»uxu  of  neighbourlm 

Mi.t..n,  LA  tlrgro  fl«S8». 

Cyn'thia,  the  moon  or  Diana,  whe 

was    horn    on    mount  Cvnthus,   in    . 
Apollo  is  called  "Cynthius." 

.  .  .  watching.  In  the  night. 
BeneaUi  pal,-  I 

Falconer,  i/w.^  -  iKM). 

Cyn'thia.    So  Spo  l 

.  calls  queen  Elizabeth, 
ii  ui,,.  .  j  e  "  was  I 

l'h. 

Fletchi 

also  calls  queen  Elizabeth  "  I 

■ 

<M    .    .    . 

II.  r  Io.  . 

Il.rtl 

■ 

sir  Pan!  Pliant, 
and  daughter-in-law  of  lady  Pliant,     5>he 

is    :•,    (OVA   With    Melle'font   ('.'  syl.).     SlI 


;li  doth  rtaa 

I  mm  A^iln{\»l) 


CYPRIAN. 


282 


DAGONET. 


Paul  calls  her  "Thv."— W.  Congreve, 
The  Double  Dealer  (1C94). 

Cyp'rian  (A),  a  woman  of  loose 
morals  ;  so  railed  from  the  island  Cyprus, 
a  chief  seat  of  the  worship  of  Venus  or 
Cyp'ria. 

Cyp'rian  (Brother),  a  Dominican  monk 
at  the  monastery  of  Holyrood. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  F'tir  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Cyrena'ic  Shell  {Tlie\  the  lyre 
or  strain  of  Callim'achos,  a  Greek  poet  of 
Alexandria,  in  Egypt.  Six  of  his  hymns 
in  hexameter  verse  are  still  extant. 

For  you  the  Cyrcnaic  shell 
Behold  I  touch  revering. 

■  llllialllll  Hymn  to  the  Kaiad*. 

Cyr'ic  [St.\  the  saint  to  whom 
sailors  address  themselves.  The  St.  Elmo 
of  the  Welsh. 

The  weary  mariner! 
Called  on  St.  QrfVl  aid. 

S.utliey.  iladoc.  i.  4  (1805). 

Cyrus  and  Tom'yris.  Cyrus, 
after  subduing  the  c-istcrn  parts  of  Asia, 
wax  defeated  by  Tomyria  queen  of  the 
Uaseage'tn,  in  Bcythia.    Tomyria  cot  oft 

his  head,  anil  threw  it  into  a  vessel  tilled 
with  human  blood,  saying,  as  she  did  so, 
"There,  drink  Uiy  fill."  Dantd  refers  to 
this  incident  in  his  Purgatory,  xii. 

Consyiler  Cyru«  .  .  . 

He  who-o  huge  powaf  no  man  might  overthrowe, 

Totny  rb  queen  with  peal  d.-inie  ball 

i  olanemben  .1  Gram  hli  ■**"' i***1  Dorpe 

:   aught 
Willi  dotted  blood  of  them  Umt  bit  her  force. 
Ami  with  these  wattle  a  just  reward  die  taught— 
Drynke  now  thy  f)ll  oftliy  desired  draught." 

T.  Sackvillc.  .(  Mirrour.drr  MnjUtraytm 
(•The  tompliiynt,"  1M7). 

Cythere'a,  Venus ;  so  called  from 
Cythe'ra   (now    Cerigo),  a    moantainoofl 

island  of  Laco'nia,  noted  for  the  worship 
of  Aphrodite  (or  Venus).  The  tale  is 
that  Venus  and  Mars,  having  formed  an 
illicit  affection  fox  each  other,  were 
caught  in  a  delicate  net  made  by  Vulcan, 
and  exposed  to  the  ridicule  of  the  court 
of  Olympus. 

Ha  the  fate  \mny  rinj?] 
Of  naked  Mm»  with  t'yth.  r.  I  .lialned. 

tllllllMn.  Hymn  to  the  Salad*. 

Cyze'nis,  the  infamous  daughter  of 
Diomed,  who  killed  every  one  that  fell 
into  her  clutches,  and  compelled  fathers 
to  eat  their  own  children. 

Czar  (Cusa'),  a  title  first  assumed  in 
Russia  by  Ivai  111.,  who,  in  1-172,  mar- 
ried a  princess  of  the  imperial  Byzantine 
line,  lie  also  introduced  the  double- 
headed  black  eagle  of  Byzantium  as  the 
national  symbol.  The  official  style  of 
the  Russian  autocrat  is  Sainoderjetz. 


D'Acunha  (Teresa),  waiting-woman 
to  the  countess  of  Glenallan. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Daffodil.  When  l'erseph'one,  Ihe 
daughter  of  Deme'ter,  was  a  little  maiden, 
she  wandered  about  the  meadows  of 
Enna,  in  .Sicily,  to  gather  urhite  daffodil* 
to  wreathe  into  her  hair,  and  being  tired 
she  fell  asleep.  Pluto,  the  god  of  the 
infernal  regions,  carried  her  off  to  be- 
come his  wife,  and  his  touch  turned  the 
white  flowed  to  a  golden  yellow.  Some 
remained  in  her  tresses  till  she  reached 
the  meadows  of  Acheron,  and  falling  off 
;rew  into  the  asphodel,  with  which 
the  meadows  thenceforth  abounded. 

She  Hepped  upon  Sicilian  gran, 

1>.  meter*!  .laughter.  fre«h  and  fair, 
A  child  of  light,  a  radiant  laav 

.-  imeanme  as  the  morning  air. 
Tile  danbdth  were  fair  I 

Ided  lightly  on  the  lea; 
Perarpliuuaj  I  I'eraephune  I 

Jean  log.  low.  Pertephone, 

Dagon,  sixth  in  orderof  thehierarchv 
of  hell:  (1)  Satan,  (21  Beelzebub,  ('{) 
Moloch,  (1)  Cheinos,  (..)  Thainmuz,  (6) 
DagOU.  l>agon  was  half  man  and  half 
fish.  He  was  worshipped  in  Aahdod, 
Gath,  Ascalon,  Ekroa.  and  Gaza  (the  live 
chief  cities  of  the  Philistines).  When 
the  "ark"  was  placed  in  his  temple, 
DagOU  fell,  and  the  palms  of  his  hand* 
were  broken  off. 

Next  came  .  .  . 
Dagnn  .  .  .  ir.viiionster,  upward  man 
Ami  downward  fish. 

Milton,  faradite  Lot,  1.  437.  etc  (1663). 

Dag'onet  (Sir),  king  Arthur's  fooL 
One   day  sir  with  two  squires, 

came  to  Cornwall,  and  as  they  drew  npnr 
a  well  sir  Tristram  soused  them  all  three 
in,  and  dripping  wet  made  them  mount 
their  horses  and  ride  off,  amid  the  jeers 
of  the  spectators  (pt.  ii.  GO). 

King  Arthur  lured  sir  Dagonet  pa.<alng  well,  and  made 
him  alright  with  lib  own  hand!;  and  at  erery  tourna- 
ment he  made  king  Arthur  Uujtli. — Sir  T.  Malory.  Ui—trrw 
0/  Prince  Arthur.  \L  V7  (1470). 

Justice  Shallow  brags  that  he  once 
personated  sir  Degonet,  while  he  was  t 
Student  at  Clement's  Inn. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  1 1',  act  ii.  sc.  8  (1808). 

%*  Tennyson  deviates  in  this,  as  he 
does  in  so  many  other  instances,  from  the 
old  romance.  The  History  says  that 
king  Arthur  made  Dagonet  knight  "with 
his  own  hands,"  because  he  "  loved  him 


DALDAH. 


233 


DAMOCLES. 


passing  ■well  ;"  but  Tennyson  Baya  that 
•ir  Gawain  made  him  "  a  mock-knight  of 
the  Round  Table."—  The  Last  Tirurna- 
ment,  1. 

Dal'dah,  Mahomet's  favourite  white 
mule. 

Dalga,  a  Lombard  harlot,  who  tries  to 
seduce  young  Goltho,  but  Goltho  is  saved 
oy  his  friend  Ulfinore. — Sir  W.  Da- 
/enant,  Gondibert  (died  1G68). 

Dalgarno  (Lord  Malcolm  of),  a  pro- 
fl  ./ate  young  nobleman,  son  of  the  e.irl 
>f  lluntinglen  (an  old  Scotch  noble 
family).  Nigel  strikes  Dalgarno  with 
bis  sword,  and  is  obliged  to  seek  refuge 
111  "  Alsatia."  Lord  Dalgarno's  villainy 
to  the  lady  Hermione  excites  the  displea- 
sure of  king  James,  and  he  would  hare 
been  banished  if  he  had  not  married  her. 
After  this,  lord  Dalgarno  carries  off  the 
wife  of  John  Christie,  the  ship-owner, 
and  is  shot  by  captain  Colepepper,  the 
Alsatian  bully. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Dalgetty  (Dugald),  of  Drum- 
thwacket,  the  union  of  the  soldado  with 
the  pedantic  student  of  Mareschal  College. 
As  a  soldier  of  fortune,  he  is  retained  in 
the  service  of  the  earl  of  Monteith.  The 
marquis  of  Argyll  (leader  of  the  parlia- 
mentary army)  tried  to  tamper  with  him 
in  prison,  but  Dugald  seized  him,  threw 
him  down,  and  then  made  his  escape, 
locking  the  marquis  in  the  dungeon. 
After  the  battle,  captain  Dalgetty  was 
knighted.  This  "Iiittmaster"  is  a  pe- 
dant, very  conceited,  full  of  vulgar 
assurance,  with  a  good  stock  of  worldly 
knowledge,  a  student  of  divinity,  and  a 
soldier  who  lets  his  sword  out  to  the 
highest  bidder.  The  character  is  original 
and  well  drawn. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend 
of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

It  was  an  old  fortalice,   hut  is  now  reduced   to  the 
AbnenaoiU  of  n  "  sconce"  that  wouul  have  delighted  the 
soul  of  Dugald  Dalgetty.  of  Liruiiuliwackot  — 
Yates.  Celebrities,  etc..  45. 

%*  The  original  of  this  character  was 
Munro,  who  wrote  an  account  of  the 
campaigns  of  that  band  of  Scotch  and 
English  auxiliaries  in  the  island  of 
S\vincmunde,in  L630.  Munro  was  himself 
one  of  the  band.  Dugald  Dalgetty  is  one 
of  the  best  of  Scott's  characters. 

Dalton  (Mrs.),  housekeeper  to  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Staunton,  of  Willinghara  Rec- 
tory.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Dalton  (StJoinald),  the  hero  of  a  novel 
so  called,  by  X  (..  Lockhart  (1882) 


Dulzell  (Gener.d  Thomas),  in  tht 
royal  array  of  Charles  11. — Sir  \V.  Scott^ 
Old  Mortality  (1816). 

Damascus  of  the  North.  Bosna- 
Serai,  capital  of  Bosnia,  is  so  called  from 
its  garden-like  aspect,  trees  being  every- 
where mingled  with  the  houses. 

Dame  du  Lac,  Vivienne  le  Fay. 
The  lake  was  "en  la  marche  dc  la  petite 
Brctaigne  ; "  "en  ce  lieu  .  .  .  avoit  la 
dame  moult  de  belles  maisons  et  moult 
riches." 

Dame  du  Lac,  Sebille  (2  syl.).  Her 
castle  was  surrounded  bya  river  on  which 
rested  so  thick  a  fog  that  no  eye  could 
see  across  it.  Alexander  the  Gnat 
abode  a  fortnight  with  this  fay,  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds,  and  king  Arthur 
was  the  result  of  their  amour.  (This  ie 
not  in  accordance  with  the  general 
legends  of  thin  noted  hero.  See  Ait- 
Tiiiu.) — Perceforest,  i.  42. 

Dam'ian,  a  squire  attending  on  the 
Grand-Master  of  the  Knights  Templars. 
— Sir  W. Scott,  Ivanhoe  (tune,  Richard  I.). 

Damiot'ti  {Dr.  Baptist!),  a  Paduan 
quack,  who  exhibits  "the  enchanted 
mirror  "to  lady  Forester  and  lady  Loth- 
well.  They  see  therein  the  clandestine 
marriage  and  infidelity  of  sir  Philip 
Forester. — Sir  \V.  Scottj  Aunt  Margaret's 
Mirror  (time,  William  111.). 

Daniis  [Diih.mc],  son  of  Orgon  and 
Elmire  (2  syl.),  impetuous  and  self- 
willed.— Moliere,  Tartuffe  (1664). 

Damn  with  Faint  Praise. 

Damn  with  faint  praise,  assent  with  civil  leei. 
And  without  meering  bitch  the  rati  I 

Pope,  Prolog'*  to  the  Satires.  -01  {ITU). 

Damno'nii,  the  people  of  Damno  - 
nium,  that  is,  Cornwall,  Devon,  1 1 
shire,  and  part  of  Somersetshire.  This 
region,  says  Richard  of  Cirencester  (/A.-7. 
vi.  18)  was  much  frequented  by  the 
Phoenician,  Greek,  and  Gallic  merchants, 
for  the  metals  with  which  it  abounded. 
and  particularly  for  its  tin. 

Wherein  om  Di  ronehlre  now  and  farthest  Cornwal  arv 
•Hi e  old  D  !«•■"• 

Dnjrton,  /••.i>i17.i,»i,  ivi.  fe 

Dam'ocles  (8  sy/.),asycophant,  in  the 

court  of  Dionys'ii.- 

Atier  extolling  the    felicity    of    princes, 

DionysiuB  tola  him  he  would  give  him 

experimental  proof  thereof.    According!) 

he  had  the  courtier  arrayed  in  royal  robes 

and  seated  at  a  sumptuous   banquet,  but 
overhead   was  a  sword   suspended   by 


DAMCETAS. 

•ingle  horsehair,  and  Damocles  was  afraid 
to  stir,  lest  the  hair  should  break  and  the 
sword  fall  on  him.  Dionysius  thus  inti- 
mated that  the  lives  of  kings  are  threatened 
everj'  hour  of  the  day. — Cicero. 

Let  us  who  have  not  our  names  In  the  Red  Book  con- 
sole ourselves  by  thinking  comfortably  how  miserable  our 
betters  may  be,  and  that  Damocles,  who  sits  on  saUn 
cushions,  and  Is  served  on  gold  plate,  has  an  awful  sword 
banging  over  his  head.  In  the  shape  of  a  bailiff,  or  heredi- 
tary disease,  or  family  secret. — Thackeray,  Vanity  Fair, 
xJvti.  (1SJS). 

Damoe'tas,  a  herdsman.  Theocritos 
an  1  Virgil  use  the  name  in  their  pastorals. 

4jid  old  DamceUi  loved  to  hear  our  song. 

Milton,  LycitUu  (1638). 

Da'mon,  a  goat-herd  in  Virgil's  third 
Eclogue.  Walsh  introduces  the  same 
name  in  his  Eclogues  also.  Any  rustic, 
swain,  or  herdsman. 

Damon  and  Delia.  Damon  asks 
Delia  why  she  looks  so  coldly  on  him. 
She  replies  because  of  his  attentions  to 
Belvidera.  He  says  he  paid  these  atten- 
tions at  her  own  request,  "to  hide  the 
Becrct  of  their  mutual  love."  Delia  con- 
fesses that  his  prudence  is  commendable, 
but  his  acting  is  too  earnest.  To  this  he 
rejoins  that  she  alone  holds  his  heart;  and 
Delia  replies : 

Tho'  well  I  might  your  truth  mistrust. 
My  foolish  heart  believes  you  just ; 
Keason  this  faith  may  disapprove, 
But  I  believe,  because  1  love. 

Lord  Lyttleton. 

Damon  and  Musido'ra,  two 
lovers  who  misunderstood  each  other. 
Musidora  was  coy,  and  Damon  thought 
her  shyness  indicated  indifference  ;  but 
one  day  he  saw  her  bathing,  and  his 
delicacy  on  the  occasion  so  charmed  the 
maiden  that  she  at  once  accepted  his 
proffered  love. — Thomson,  The  Seasons 
("  Summer,"  1727). 

Da'mon  and  Pyth'ias.  Damon, 
a  senator  of  Syracuse,  was  by  nature  hot- 
mettled,  but  was  schooled  by  Pytha- 
gore'an  philosophy  into  a  Stoic  coldness 
and  slowness  of  speech.  He  was  a  fast 
friend  of  the  republic,  and  when  Dio- 
nysius was  made  "king"  by  a  vote  of 
the  senate,  Damon  upbraided  the  be- 
trayers of  his  country,  and  pronounced 
Dionysius  a  "  tyrant."  For  this  he  was 
seized,  and  as  he  tried  to  stab  Dionysius, 
he  was  condemned  to  instant  death. 
Damon  now  craved  respite  for  four  hours 
to  bid  farewell  to  his  wife  and  child,  but 
the  request  was  denied  him.  On  his  way 
to  execution,  his  friend  Pythias  en- 
countered him,  and  obtained  permission 
of  Dionysius  to   become  his  surety,  and 


234  DANAID. 


to  die  in  his  stead,  if  within  four  hours 
Damon  did  not  return.  Dionysius  not 
only  accepted  the  bail,  but  extended  the 
leave  to  six  hours.  'When  Damon  reached 
his  country  villa,  Lucullus  killed  his 
horse  to  prevent  his  return  ;  but  Damon, 
seizing  the  horse  of  a  chance  traveller, 
reached  Syracuse  just  as  the  executioner 
was  preparing  to  put  Pythias  to  death. 
Dionysius  so  admired  this  proof  of 
friendship,  that  he  forgave  Damon,  and 
requested  to  be  taken  into  his  friendship. 

This  subject  was  dramatized  in  1571  by 
Richard  Edwards,  and  again  in  1825  by 
John  Banim. 

(The  classic  name  of  Pythias  is  "Phin- 
tias.")  . 

Damsel  or  Damoiseau  (in  Italian, 
darnel ;  in  Latin,  (Ijinisellus),  one  of  the 
gallant  youths  domiciled  in  the  maison  du 
roi.  These  youths  were  always  sons  of 
the  greater  vassals.  Louis  VII.  (le 
Jeune)  was  called  "The  Royal  Damsel;" 
and  at  one  time  the  roval  body-guard 
was  called  "  The  King's  Damsels." 

Damsel  of  Brittany,  Eleanor, 
daughter  of  Geoffrey  (second  son  of 
Henry  II.  of  England).  After  the  death 
of  Arthur,  his  sister  Eleanor  was  next  in 
succession  to  the  crown,  but  John,  who 
had  caused  Arthur's  death,  confined 
Eleanor  in  Bristol  Castle,  where  she  re- 
mained till  her  death,  in  1241. 

D'Amville  (2  syl.),  "the  atheist," 
with  the  assistance  of  liorachio,  murdered 
Montferrers,  his  brother,  for  his  estates. 
— Cyril  Tourneur,  The  Atheist's  Tragedy 
(seventeenth  century). 

Dam'yan  (3  syl.),  the  lover  of  May 
(the  youthful  bride  of  January  a  Lombard 
knight,  CO  years  of  age). — Chaucer,  Can- 
terbury Tales  ("The  Merchant's  Tale," 
1383). 

Dan  of  the  Howlet  Hirst,  the 
dragon  of  the  revels  at  Kennaquhair 
Abbey. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  AbbJt  and 
Tlie  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Dan'ae  (3  syl.),  an  Argive  princess, 
visit<-d  by  Zeus  [Jupiter]  in  the  form  of 
a  shower  of  gold,  while  she  was  confined 
in  an  inaccessible  tower. 

Danaid  (3  syl.).  Dan'aus  had  fifty 
daughters,  called  the  Danaids  or  Da- 
na'idcs.  Thpse  fifty  women  married  the 
fifty  sons  of  /Egyptus,  and  (with  one 
exception)  murdered  their  husbands  on 
the  night  of   their  espousals.     For  thii 


DANAW. 


235 


DANTE  AND  BEATRICE. 


crime  they  were  doomed  in  hades  to 
pour  water  everlastingly  into  sieves. 

Let  Dot  your  prudence,  dearest,  drowse,  or  prore 
Toe  Daiuiid  of  *  leaky  vase. 

Tennyson,  The  1'rinceu,  1L 

*«,*  The  one  who  spared  her  husbaDd 
was  Hypermnestra,  whose  husband's 
name  was  Lynceus  \_Lin' .suae], 

Dan'aw,  the  German  word  for  the 
Dan'ube,  used  by  Milton  in  his  Paradise 
Lost,  i.  353  (1GG5). 

Dancing  Chancellor  (The),  sir 
Christopher  Hatton,  who  attracted  the 
attention  of  queen  Elizabeth  by  his  grace- 
ful dancing  at  a  masquo.  She  took  him 
into  favour,  and  made  him  both  chan- 
cellor and  knight  of  the  Garter  (died 
1691). 

%*  Mons.  de  Lanzun,  the  favourite  of 
Louis  XIV.,  owed  his  fortune  to  his 
grace  in  dancing  in  the  king's  quadrille. 

Many  more  Uian  one  nolil>ainan  owed  Uie  favour  ho 
en  uiL.l  it  court  to  the  way  he  point. -.1  his  too  or  movod 
his  U-vf.— A.  Duuuis.  Taking  the  UaHite. 

Dancing  Water  (The),  from  the 
Rurning  Forest.  This  water  had  the 
jower  of  imparting  youthful  beauty  to 
those  who  used  it.  Prince  Chery,  aided 
by  a  dove,  obtained  it  for  Fainter. 

The  dancing  water  Is  the  eighth  wonder  of  Uie  world. 
It  U-.ujtinea  Ladies,  make*  them  youn*  a^ain.  an. I  even 
enriches  them.— Comtesae  D'Aunoy,  fairy  Tale*  i"  1'riu- 
cess  Ir'airsUr."  183:1). 

Dandies  (The  prince  of),  Beau  Brum- 
mtl  (1778-1840). 

Dandin  (George),  a  rich  French 
tradesman,  who  marries  Ang'elique,  the 
daughter  of  Mons.  le  baron  de  Sotenville, 
and  has  the  "  privilege  "  of  paying  oft 
the  family  debts,  maintaining  his  wife's 
noble  parents,  and  being  snubbed  on  all 
Ions  to  his  heart's  content.  He 
intlysaid  to  himself,  in  Belf-rebuke, 

I  ulilll,  VOUI  i     . 

Dandin  I  ("You  have  no  one  to  blame 
but  yourself !  you  brought  it  on  yourself, 
George  Dandin  ! ") 

Voui  l'aros  roulu,  touj  lares  roulu.  George  Oandln  I 
t  u  I  mm  rolu  1  .  .  .  Tous  area  Ja*jContol  00  que  vous 
aieritex.— Moll4re.  Oeorjr  OsmmMm,  I.  u  , . 

"  Well,  (ii  rat  roulu,  Goorge  Dandin. "  she  said,  with  a 
•mile,  "you  were  detail 

onumiuenoaa,"— 1'erc)  riU^erald.  The  ff  MUM  /iimiy, 
II.  -MiX 

%*  There   is   no   such    phrase    in    the 
!\  as  Tu  Faavoutu,  it  ib  always  Yuus 
t'Ut-z  vouiu. 

I'.m'dolo  (8ignor),  a  friend  to  Faaio 
in  prosperity,  but   who    turns    from   him 
d  disgrace.     He  i 

HU'iior.  I   on  pajtuaoOBl 
la  all  affairs  of  bout  and  .p.  r  aiut  boat; 


In  matters  of  the  robe  and  cap  oipr.  n.e  ; 
In  rotf  dor  n  tea,  my  lord,  Uicc'a  no  appeal 
Fro... 

Dean  MUman,  fuio.  1L  1  il-Ufl. 

Dane'lagh  (2  •*//.),  the  fifteen 
counties  in  which  the  Danes  jM-t  t  le<l  in 
England,  viz.,  I.  iftblk, 

Norfolk,  Berts,  Cambe.,  Hunts,  Lincoln, 
Notts.,   Derby,  Northampton,  Lei 
shire,    Bncks.,   1"  Is.,  and  the  trast  u-r- 
ritory    called    Northumbria. —  B\ 
Chronicle  (printed  L652). 

Dangeau  (Juuer  U  la),  to  piny  m 
good   a   hand   at    cs 
Courcillon,    marquis  do   Dangeau 
1720). 

Dan'gerfield  (Captain),  a  hired  wit- 
ness in  the  "  Popish  Plot." — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Dangle,  a  gentleman  bitten  with  the 
theatrical  mania,  who  annoys  .a  ma 
with  impertinent  (lattery  ami  advice.  It 
is  said  that  Thomas  vaughan,  ■  play- 
wright of  small  reputation,  w  . 
original  of  this  characti  r. — Sheridan, 
ritic  (see  act  L  1),  (177!    , 

The  latter  portion  of  the  sentence  b  lntellh;lbl»  .  .  . 
but  the  net  nmlndi  no  of  Mr   Do  k,  ti.at  lb* 

Uiterpreter  appears   the   harder   to   ho  uuuVr.tuud  of   Lb* 
two.  —  Xncyc.  iiru.  ArL  "  l:1.uialiCe.'* 

Dan'ha8Ch,   one   of    the   genii    who 
did  not  "acknowledge  th<         I  S      men." 
When  the  princess  Badonra  in  hi  i 
was  carried  to  the  bed  of  prince  <  !amaral- 

zaman  that  she  might  see  him,  l»anhaseh 
changed   himself   into  a  flea,  and 

lip,  at  which   Badonra  awoke,  s*w  the 

prince  sleeping  by  her  side,  and 
wards  became  his  wife. —  At 

("  Caniaralzanian  and  Badonra 

Daniel,  son  of  Widow  Iju-kitt;  a 
wealthy  Indian  planter.      A  DOOdle  of  the 

I  mould,  whom  Lucy  Weld< 
ries  for  his  money. — Thomas  Southern, 
L696). 

Dan'nischemend.  the  Persian 
sorcerer,    mentioned    in    Donnerfc 

marram  ■-.  —  Mr  \\  .  B©  U,  Am.c  <f  QtitT 

■Ma  (tune,  Edward  IV.). 

Dante   and   Beatrloe.     Some  say 
that    Beatrice,   m     Ds 
vu\l.  I, 

think  it  a  real  character,  and 

i  of  an  ills  nily  of 

r  whom  the  poet  ent<  rtained 

a  pa  ely  platonii 

the     :■'•"■  '  : ■  ■ 

through    the    river    Lethe1 

xxxi.),  and  conducts  him  through  para- 


DANTON  OF  THE  CEVENNES.      236 


DAJiGONET. 


dise.  Beatrice  Portina'ri  married  Simon 
de  Bardi,  and  died  at  the  age  of  24 ; 
Dante  waa  a  few  months  older. 

Some  persons  say  that  Dante  meant  Theology 
By  Beatrice,  ami  not  a  mistress ;  I  .  .  . 
Deem  this  a  commentator's  phantasy. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  iii.  11  (1820). 

%*  The  poet  married  Gemma,  of  the 
powerful  house  of  Donati.    (See  Loves.) 

Dante's  Beard.  All  the  pictures  of 
Dante  which  I  have  seen  represent  him 
without  any  beard  or  hair  on  his  face  at 
all ;  but  in  Purgatory,  xxxi.,  Beatrice 
says  to  him,  "  Raise  thou  thy  beard,  and 
lo !  what  sight  shall  do,"  i.e.  lift  up 
your  face  and  look  about  you ;  and  he 
adds,  "  No  sooner  lifted  I  mine  aspect  up 
.  .  .  than  mine  eyes  [encountered]  Bea- 
trice." 

Danton  of  the  Cevennes, 
Tierre  Seguier,  prophet  and  preacher  of 
Magistavols,  in  France.  He  was  a  leader 
amongst  the  Cauiisards. 

Dan  vers  (Charles),  an  embryo  bar- 
rister of  the  Middle  Temple. — C.  Selby, 
•The  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Daph'ne  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Silcno 
and  Mysis,  and  sister  of  Nysa.  The 
favourite  of  Apollo  while  sojourning  on 
earth  in  the  character  of  a  shepherd  lad 
named  "Pol." — Kane  O'Hara,  Midas  (a 
burletta,  1778). 

(In  classic  mythology  Daphne  fled 
from  the  amorous  god,  and  escaped  by 
being  changed  into  a  laurel.) 

Daph'nis,  a  beautiful  Sicilian  shep- 
herd, the  inventor  of  bucolic  poetry.  He 
was  a  son  of  Mercury,  and  friend  both  of 
Pan  and  of  Apollo. 

Daph'nis,  the  modest  shepherd. 

This  is  that  modest  shepherd,  be 
That  only  dare  salute,  but  r.eer  could  be 
Brought  to  kiss  any,  hold  discourse,  or  sing, 
Whisi>er,  or  boldly  ask. 
John  Fletcher,  The  faith/iU  Shepherd?*;  I  S  (1610). 

Daph'nis  and  Chlo'e,  a  prose- 
pastoral  love  story  in  Greek,  by  Longos 
(a  Byzantine),  not  unlike  the  tale  of 
The  Gentle  Shepherd,  by  Allan  Ramsay. 
Gessaer  has  also  imitated  the  Greek 
romance  in  his  idyll  called  Daphnis. 
In  this  love  story  Longos  says  he  was 
hunting  in  Lesbos,  and  saw  in  a  grove 
consecrated  to  the  nymphs  a  beautiful 
picture  of  children  exposed,  lovers 
plighting  their  faith,  and  the  incursions 
of  pirates,  which  he  now  expresses  and 
dedicates  to  Pan,  Cupid,  and  the  nymphs. 
Daphnis,  of  course,  is  the  lover  of  Chloe. 

(Probably  this    Greek    pastoral  story 


suggested  to  St.  IMerre  his  story  of  Faul 
and  Virginia.  Gay  has  a  poem  entitled 
Daphnis  and  Chloe.) 

Dapper,  a  lawyer's  clerk,  who  went 
to  Subtle  "  the  alchemist,"  to  be  sup- 
plied with  "a  familiar"  to  make  him 
win  in  horse-racing,  cards,  and  all  gamen 
of  chance.  Dapper  is  told  to  prepari 
himself  for  an  interview  with  the  fairy 
queen  by  taking  "three  drops  of  vinegai 
in  at  the  nose,  two  at  the  mouth,  and 
one  at  either  ear,"  "  to  cry  hum  thric« 
and  buzz  as  often." — Ben  Jonstn,  Tht 
Alchemist  (1610). 

Dapple,  the  donkey  ridden  by  Saneho 
Panza,  in  Cervantes'  romance  of  Don 
Quixote  (1605-1615). 

Darby  and  Joan.  This  ballad, 
called  The  Happy  Old  Couple,  is  printed 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  v.  153 
(March,  1735).  It  is  also  in  Plumptre's 
Collection  of  Songs,  152  (Camb.  1805), 
with  the  music.  The  words  are  some- 
times attributed  to  Prior,  and  the  tirst 
line  favours  the  notion :  "  Dear  Chloe, 
while  thus  beyond  measure  ;  "  only  Prior 
always  spells  Chloe  without  "  h." 

Darby  and  Joan  are  an  old-fashioned, 
loving  couple,  wholly  averse  to  change 
of  any  sort.  It  is  generally  said  that 
Henry  Woodfall  was  the  author  of  the 
ballad,  and  that  the  originals  were  John 
Darby  (printer,  of  Bartholomew  Close, 
who  died  1730)  and  his  wife  Joan. 
Woodfall  served  his  apprenticeship  with 
John  Darby. 

"You  may  be  a  Darby  [Mr.  Ilardcattle\  but  111  be  no 
Joan,  I  promise  you." — Goldsmith,  She  Stoo/4  to  Conquer, 
L  1  (1773). 

Dardu-Le'na,  the  daughter  of  Fol- 
dath  general  of  the  Fir-bolg  or  Belga 
settled  in  the  south  of  Ireland.  When 
Foldath  fell  in  battle, 

His  soul  rushed  to  the  vale  of  Mona,  to  Dardu-Len.Ve 
dream,  by  Dalrutlio's  stream,  where  she  slept,  returning 
from  the  chase  of  hinds.  Her  bow  is  near  the  maid, 
unstrung.  .  .  .  Clothed  in  the  beauty  of  youth,  tlie  lore 
of  heroes  lay.  Dark-bending  from  .  .  .  the  wood  hei 
wounded  father  seemed  to  come.  He  appeared  at  tinuts. 
then  bid  himself  111  mist  Bursting  into  tears,  she  iirone. 
She  knew  that  the  chief  was  low.  .  .  .  Thou  wcrt  th«i 
hut  of  his  race.  O  blue-eyed  Dardu-Lena  I  —  Oodan, 
Temora,  v. 

Dare.  Humani  nihil  a  me  alienum  ess* 
puto. — Terence. 

I  dare  do  all  that  may  become  a  man. 
Who  dares  dn  more  is  none, 

Shakespeare,  Mmbeth.  act  L  sc. '.  (1809). 

Dargo,  the  spear  of  Ossian  son  of 
Fingal.— Ossian,  Calthon  and  Colnutl. 

Dar'gonet  "  the  Tall,"  son  of  A* 


DABIUS  AND  Ills  HORSE. 


DAM  MAR. 


tolpho,  tod  brothel  of  Paradina.  In  the 
tij,')it  provoked  by  Oswald  against  duke 
•rt,  which  ru  decided  by  f.>ur 
t  ni 
slain  by  Hugo  the  Little.  Daigonetand 
his  brother  irere  rivals  for  the  lore  of 
Laura. — Sir  Win.  l>avenant,  Qoivtibert, 
i.  (died  1' 

Dari'us    and    His    Horso.    Tlie 
seven  candidates  tor  the  tli r- >!!••  r,f  ! 
n  peed   that  he  should  be  king 

neighed    I  ••  horse  of 

DarTO!  was  the  first  to  neigh,  Darius,  was 
proclaimed  kin^. 

Tb»t  bn»Tt  Scythian, 
Who  found  more  iwrflm-v  in  bJi  bOTMTi  neighing 
Tliau  all  Hie  PliryxLui.  IKiruui.  1 

Lord  i 

(All  the  south  of  Russia  and  west  of 
Asia  wa3  called  Seythia.) 

Darlemont,  guardian  an<l  maternal 
nncle  of  Jolio  of  Harancour;  formerly  a 
merchant.     He  tal  lion   of  the 

inheritance  of  his  ward  by  foul  means, 
but  in  proud  as  Lucifer,  suspicious,  ex- 
acting, and  tyrannical.  Every  "in-  f.  ars 
liini  ;  no  one  LoVBt  him. — Th.'in.  11. d- 
croft,  J 

Darling  (Grace),  daughter  of  William 
Darling,  lighthouse-keeper  on  I 
one  of  the  rame  (alanda.     On  tin-  morn- 
ing of  September 7,  1888,  (.race  and  her 

father   saved    nine    of    the    crow    of    the 
r,  w  recked  among  the 
Fame     Islands    opposite     Bamboroogh 
Castle  (1816-1842). 

Darnay    (Charles),    the    lover    and 
afterwards  the  husband    of    Lncie   Ma- 
Be    bore    ft    Strong    likeness    to 
Sydney  Carton,  ami  was  a  Qoblc  character, 

worthy  of  I.ucic.  I  lis  real  name  wis 
Evre'monde. — C.  l>ickeus,  A  Tale  of  1'uo 
Cities  (liib'J). 

Darnel    (Amrtlia).    n    character     in 

Smollett's  novel  entitled  The  A  twnturet 
of  Sir  J.auwxlvt  Greaves  (1760)a 

Darnlcy,    the    awinc    of    Charlotte 

1  Lambert],  in  The  Hypocrite^  by  Isaac 
ly  of 
Tartuffe,  Charlotte  is  called  "Mariana," 
and  Darnley  is  "  Valcre." 

Dar'-Th  u    i .  iter  of  <  '"1!  , 

"  fairest  of  Erin's  maid.   ,   .  '      9       fell  in 

.  one  i.f  the  thrw 
of  Dsnoth  lord  of  Etha  ( in  Argyllshire). 

C*irbar,  the  rebel,  was  alOO  in   love  with 
her,    I. nt    his   hint    was    reject) 
»a#  maile  eouuaandei  ■•!   kinj 


army  at  I         llin,  and  for 

roni .     Hut 

r, 

and  at  length  found   i  i 

the    y<  anny 
under  Nathos  deserted, 

obliged   t.i  ijiiit  Irrlan  :  Thula 

tied  witii  him.    A  storm  drove  the  vessel 

back    to    LTlster,  ir   was    en- 

camped,   and     tVathos,    «  l  i     b 

fell.      I  »ar-Thu!a  ■  .  young 

warrior  ;     hut  wl 

"  lor    shield     fell     from     In  r    run 

but    it    wvs 
I  witli  blood.     An  arrow  was  fixed 
in  her  side,"  and  InT  dying  blood  wu 
mingled  frith  thai  of  t' 

— <  K-ian,     Dor-  Thula    (founded    on    the 
st.irv     of     " DeSldri,"    i.     Trans,    of   tha 

<JC.). 

Dar'tlo    (Bo»a),   companion    of   Mrs. 
rf   rth's 

Son,  hut    her    love    \ra-    r,    •     r 

D  ul  le  i  i  a  vindictive  n 

for   a  scar  on  her  Lip,  whi. 
when  her  temper  a 

-  m  a  wound  given  by  young  » 
forth,  who  struck  her  on  the  1  it .  a 

boy. — ' '.    I  m  k<  as,  -  rfield 

Darwin's    Missinp;    Link,    the 
link     between    the    monkey    and     man. 

ing    to    I  hirwin,    the    ;  | 
of  animal  life  began  from  a  f. 
forms,  which  developed,  and  by  ' 
selection    pr  a    tyj>es   of 

animals,  while   Others    '<  I  I   tht 

battle  of  life  died  out.     Thus,  beginning 
with    the    larvae    of    ascidlans    (a    marine 
niollu 
lowly  orgs 

to  ganoids  and  other  Hah,  then  to  amphi- 
bians.   Prom  amphibian 
and   reptiles,   and    I 
among  whid 
which  and  n.  I  :  *Q  Link. 

Dash  all  f 

Tally-ho,     The  rambles  and  ad\. 

•  roe 

1  »*  A      , 

..end  nothll 

;:iK'  man. 
"  Ala*  I     I  w  no  own  n  —  »!«<i  pr.mp.r.M.   in  thaw 

•  .i    .:r\j 

-»       .      • 

h   UrgM 
Uuui  IU.;  an  at  |il»ul  ,  uauir.  J.kn.«rai«.  tiarj  it$  * 


DAUGHTER. 


238 


DAVID. 


MAl  that  mte."  said  his  companion,  smiling,  "the 
patches  of  Adam's  time  must  have  been  wonderfully 
Erge."— Lesage,  OU  BUu,  It.  7  (1724). 

Daughter  (The),  a  drama  by  S. 
Knowles  (1836).  Marian,  "daughter" 
of  Robert,  once  a  wrecker,  was  betrothed 
to  Edward,  a  sailor,  who  went  on  his  last 
voyage,  and  intended  then  to  marry  her. 
During  his  absence  a  storm  at  sea  arose, 
a  body  was  washed  ashore,  and  Robert 
went  down  to  plunder  it.  Marian  went 
to  look  for  her  father  and  prevent  his 
robbing  those  washed  ashore  by  the 
waves,  when  she  saw  in  the  dusk  some 
one  stab  a  wrecked  body.  It  was  Black 
Norris,  but  she  thought  it  was  her  father. 
Robert  being  taken  up,  Marian  gave 
witness  against  him,  and  he  was  con- 
demned to  death.  Norris  said  he  would 
save  her  father  if  she  would  marry  him, 
and  to  this  she  consented  ;  but  on  the 
wedding  day  Edward  returned.  Norris 
was  taken  up  for  murder,  and  Marian 
was  saved. 

Daughter  with  Her  Murdered 
Father's  Head.  Margaret  Roper, 
daughter  of  sir  Thomas  More,  obtained 
privately  the  head  of  her  father,  which 
had  been  exposed  for  some  days  on 
London  Bridge,  and  buried  it  in  St. 
Dunstan's  Church,  Canterbury  (1535). 
Tennyson  alludes  to  this  in  the  following 
lines  : — 

Morn  broadened  on  the  borders  of  the  dark. 
Ere  1  saw  her  who  clasped  in  her  last  fiance 
hei  murdered  father's  head. 

The  head  of  the  young  earl  of  Derwent- 
water  was  exposed  on  Temple  Bar  in 
1716.  His  wife  drove  in  a  cart  under 
the  arch,  and  a  man,  hired  for  the  pur- 
pose, threw  the  young  earl's  head  into 
the  cart,  that  it  might  be  decently  buried. 
— Sir  Bernard  Burke. 

Mdlle.  de  Sombreuil,  daughter  of  the 
comte  de  Sombreuil,  insisted  on  sharing 
her  father's  prison  during  the  "  Reign  of 
Terror,"  and  in  accompanying  him  to  the 
guillotine. 

Dauphin  (Le  Grand),  Louis  due  de 
Bourgogne,  eldest  son  of  Louis  XIV., 
for  whom  was  published  the  Delphine 
Classics  (1661-1711). 

Dauphin  (Le  P(tit),  son  of  the  "Grand 
Dauphin"  (1682-1712). 

Daura,  daughter  of  Armin.  She 
iras  betrothed  to  Armar,  son  of  Armart, 
Erath  a  rival  lover  having  been  rejected 
by  her.  One  day,  disguised  as  an  old 
grey-beard,  Erath  told  Daura  that  he 
was  sent  to  conduct  her  to  Armar,  who 


was  waiting  for  her.  Without  "the 
slightest  suspicion,  she  followed  her 
guide,  who  took  her  to  a  rock  in  the 
midst  of  the  sea,  and  there  left  her. 
Her  brother  Arindal,  returning  from  the 
chase,  saw  Erath  on  the  shore,  and 
bound  him  to  an  oak  ;  then  pushing  off 
the  boat,  went  to  fetch  back  his  sister. 
At  this  crisis  Armar  came  up,  and  dis- 
charged his  arrow  at  Erath  ;  but  th6 
arrow  struck  Arindal,  and  killed  him 
"The  boat  broke  in  twain,"  and  Armar 
plunged  into  the  sea  to  rescue  his  be- 
trothed ;  but  a  "  sudden  blast  from  the 
hills  struck  him,  and  he  sank  to  rise  no 
more."  Daura  was  rescued  by  her  father, 
but  she  haunted  the  shore  all  night  in  a 
drenching  rain.  Next  day  "her  voice 
grew  very  feeble  ;  it  died  away  ;  and, 
spent  with  grief,  she  expired." — Ossian, 
Sorvjs  of  Selma. 

Davenant  (Lord),  a  bigamist.  One 
wife  was  Marianne  Dormer,  whom  he 
forsook  in  three  months.  It  was  given 
out  that  he  was  dead,  and  Marianne 
in  time  married  lord  Davenant's  son. 
His  other  wife  was  Louisa  T ravers,  who 
was  engaged  to  captain  Dormer,  but 
was  told  that  the  captain  was  faithless 
and  had  married  another.  When  the 
villainy  of  his  lordship  could  be  no  longer 
concealed,  he  destroyed  himself. 

Lady  Davenant,  one  of  the  two  wives 
of  lord  Davenant.  She  was  ''a  faultless 
wife,"  with  beauty  to  attract  affection, 
and  every  womanly  grace. 

Charles  Davenant,  a  son  of  lord  Dave- 
nant, who  married  Marianne  Dormer,  his 
father's  wife. — Cumberland,  The  Mys- 
terious Husband  (1783). 

Davenant  (Will),  a  supposed  descend- 
ant from  Shakespeare,  and  Wildrake's 
friend. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstesk  (time, 
the  Commonwealth). 

David,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophel,  is  meant  for  Cbirles  II. 
As  David's  beloved  son  Absalom  rebelled 
against  him,  so  the  duke  of  Monmouth 
rebelled  against  his  father  Charles  II. 
As  Achitophel  was  a  traitorous  counsellor 
to  David,  so  was  the  earl  of  Shaftesbury 
to  Charles  II.  As  Hushai  outwitted 
Achitophel,  so  Hyde  (duke  of  Rochester) 
outwitted  the  earl  of  Shaftesbury,  *tc., 
etc. 

Auspicious  prince. 

Thy  longing  country  s  darting  and  desire. 
Their  cloudy  pillar,  and  their  guardian  fire  .  .  • 
The  people's  prayer,  the  glad  diviner's  theme. 
The  young  men's  vision,  and  the  old  meu's  dream. 
linden,  .tUalumand  AdHtoplnl  1   llUell 


DAVID. 


/Mruf,    kin.:    of    North     \\" ill »-^,    • 
son  of  ( (win,  by  his  second  wife.     Owen 
difl    in    li'1.      David  married    Emma 
Plantagenet,  ■  Saxon  princess.     Ho  dew 
his  brothei  1 1  <  ■«.- 1  ana  his    half-brother 

Yorwerth  (son  of  OWCD  by  his  first    P 

who  bad  been  set  aaide  from  tlnj  si 
sion  in  consequence  <>f  a  blemish  in  the 
face.      lie  also   imprisoned   his   bi 

Rodli,     anil     drove     others     into     exile. 

liadoe,  one  of  his  brothers,  went  to 
America,  and  established  there  a  Welsh 

colony. — Southey,  Madoo  (l*u5). 

■/  (&.),   son    of    Xantns  firincc    of 

(Ynticu  il''tnlij,aishirc)  and  the  nun  M.v 

learia,     lie  was  the  uncle  of  king  Arthur. 

St.  David  first  embraced  the  ascetic  life 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  hut  subsequently 
removed  to  Ifenevia,  in  Pembrokeshire, 
where  he  founded  twelve  convents.  In 
677  the  archbishop  of  Caerleon  \> 
nis  see  to  him,  and  St.  David  removed 
the  Beat  of  it.  to  sCenevia,  which  \sas  sub- 
sequently called  St.  David's,  and  became 
the  metropolis  of  Wales,     lie  died  at  the 

■se  of  Mi;,  in  the  year  643.     'I  he  waters 

ol  Bath  "owe  their  warmth 'and  salutary 
qualities  to  the  benediction  of  this  saint." 
Drayton  bays  he  lived  in  the  valley  of 
Bwias  ("2  *\v'0i  between  the  hills  of 
llatierill,  in  Bfonmouthshire. 

Here,  In  nn  agr*!  cell  with  moss  anil  Ivy  grown, 
In  wiiii  h  M  .t  i..  ii.i.  dai  Hi"  -mi  h.iiii  mi  >hoiie. 
That  rrtcrcwl  llrituli  ulnl  In  xcolouj  ages  \«aX, 
To  Guiitcini'Likliuu  li>  L-.I. 

rolyolbion,  Ir.  (lei'-'J. 

St.  David's  Day,  March   1.     The    leek 
worn    by    Welshmen   on    this   day    is    in 
memory  of  a  complete  victory  obi 
by  them  over  the  Saxons  (March  L, 

This  victory  is  ascribed  "  to  the  prayers 
of  St.  I  >avid,"  and  his  judicious  adoption 

of  a  leek  in  the  can,  that  the  Bntons 
might  readily  recognize  each  other.  The 
is,  having  no  badge  not  unfre- 
quentlv  turned  their  ■words  against  their 
own  supporters. 

David  and  Jonathan,  inseparable 
:  -.  '1  he  allusion  is  to  Da\  id  the 
.st  and  Jonathan  the  son  of  Saul. 

David'l     lamentation     at     the     death     of 

Jonathan  was  m  .  d  in  pathos 

and  beauty.  —  1'  Scmnti  i.  1: 

Davio  Dobot,  debt. 

Bo  oft*  thy  nrlfhhnnn  han.|iM-t  In  thy  hall. 

.  i«imt  .tii.a. 

■  to  tlilim  UWII 
O.  Qkatulciir.    il-l/nu-t    I  «••  .  .  ~"JI 

Davit!   of   Sh-nhouso,  a  fri< 
Hobble  Elliott     Mr  W.  Scott,   I  . 
Dwu-f  (time,  Ai. 


DAW80N. 

Davica    (■/"''»),    an  <rm*n 

employ  •  the  Quaker. 

-    Sir    W.     8c<  tt,     It*  ■    ■■  ml  ■  t 
G         III.). 

Da'vU8,   a    plain,    aneoul 
ft  common  name  l  treah  and 

Roman    plays,    as    in    the    Amdrltt   of 

CC. 
III.  tar  mail-  tt  Imui,  like  a  >ice  In  a  mm*. 
Ills  (future  like  l>.o  una. 

T.  Tua*  :  i  «/  oca* 

//u.*Mn<iry.  I., 

Daws    sum,    mm  I    am   a 

homely    man,    and    do    not  I 

hints,  innuendoes,  and  riddles,  tike 
pus.      CEdi] 

expounded  the  rid  -..  that 

puzzled  all  his  countrymen. 

ck  name  of  a  servant  or  .-    . 

Latin  corned 

Terence,  Andri  i,  1,  '.',  28. 

Davy,  the  varlet  of  justice  S' 
who  so  identifies  himself  with  his 
that  he  considers  himself  half  host  half 
varlet.       Thus  when    1  irdolph 

and    P 

must  take   " 

assurance   of   welcome.—  Shi 

Hemry  IV.  0 

Daw   (£  a    rich,    d 

headed  bait  oouthahire.  with- 

out wit,  words,  or  worth,  but  believing 

If  somebody,  and  fancying  h 
n  sharp  fellow,  because  his  w  rvants  laugh 
at  his  good  saying*,  and  his  i 
him  a  wag.     Sir  David  pays  his  suit  to 

1  milj  |   1  em]  i  it  ;  I  ut 
tions   of    thi  lady  are  fb 

Henry  Wood*  ule,  to  the 

wall. — Cumberland,    Tht    ft/Asd  of  fbr* 
fiSM  (1779). 

Dawl'yd,  "  the  ow 
chief.-  .-sir     W.    • 
1 1.  arj  11.  . 

Dawkina    (Jack),    known    I 

He 

.1  ian  kins  i* 

a  young  scamp  of  unn  , 

and     full    of    am 

buoyant    t<  mpi  r.    < '.     in,  . 

. 

bully,  and   di 

ccnl  hi  .  'J. 

Hull;    I  ■        »■■•!  halt  Ika 

.     atoU 

-  1  >aw- 
aoii  w.  II    OEM    Ol    I    i  btlOCUt* 

m^  to  1    I    II  ■  .t*r»  in  the 


DAWSON. 


240  DAYS  RECURRENT,  ETC. 


service  of  Charles  Edward,  the  young 
pretender.  He  was  a  very  amiable 
young  man,  engaged  to  a  young  lady  of 
family  and  fortune,  who  went  in  her 
carriage  to  witness  his  execution  for 
treason.  When  the  body  was  drawn,  i.e. 
embowelled,  and  the  heart  thrown  into  the 
fire,  she  exclaimed,  "James  Dawson!" 
and  expired.  Shenstone  has  made  this 
thf>  subject  of  a  tragic  ballad. 

Young  Damon  was  a  gallant  youth, 
A  brighter  never  trod  tin;  plain ; 

And  well  he  loved  one  charming  maid. 
And  dearly  was  lie  loved  again. 

6heustone,  Jemmy  Dawson. 

Dawson  (Phoebe),  "  the  pride  of  Lam- 
mas Fair,"  courted  by  all  the  smartest 
young  men  of  the  village,  but  caught 
"by  the  sparkling  eyes "  and  ardent 
words  of  a  tailor.  Phcebe  had  by  him  a 
child  before  marriage,  and  after  marriage 
he  turned  a  "captious  tyrant  and  a  noisy 
sot."  Poor  Phoebe  drooped,  "  pinched 
were  her  looks,  as  one  who  pined  for 
bread."  and  in  want  and  sickness  she 
sank  into  an  early  tomb. 

This  sketch  is  one  of  the  best  in  Crabbe's 
Parish  Register  (1807). 

Day  (Justice),  a  pitiable  hen-pecked 
husband,  who  always  addresses  his  wife 
as  "duck"  or  "duckie." 

Mrs.  Day,  wife  of  the  "  justice,"  full 
of  vulgar  dignity,  overbearing,  and  loud. 
She  was  formerly  the  kitchen-maid  of 
her  husband's  father  ;  but  being  raised 
from  the  kitchen  to  the  parlour,  became 
my  lady  paramount. 

In  the  comedy  from  which  this  farce  is 
taken,  "  Mrs.  Day  "  was  the  kitchen-maid 
in  the  family  of  colonel  Careless,  and 
went  by  the  name  of  Gillian.  In  her 
exalted  state  she  insisted  on  being  ad- 
dressed as  "Your  honour"  or  "Your 
ladyship." 

Margaret  Wofflngton  [1718-1760].  In  "Mrs.  Day," 
made  no  scruple  to  disguise  her  beautiful  face  by  drawing 
on  It  the  lines  of  deformity,  and  to  put  <>n  the  tawdry 
habiliments  and  vulgar  manners  of  an  old  hypocritical 
city  vixen. — Thomas  Davles. 

Abel  Day,  a  puritanical  prig,  who  can 
do  nothing  without  Obadiah.  This 
•'  downright  ass"  (act  i.  1)  aspires  to  the 
hand  of  the  heiress  Arabella. — T.  Knight, 
The  Honest  Thieves. 

This  farce  is  a  mere  re'chauffe'oi  The 
Committee,  a  corned v  by  the  Hon.  sir 
R.  Howard  (1670).  The  names  of  "  Day," 
"Obadiah,"  and  "Arabella"  are  the 
tune. 

Day  (Fcrquhard),  the  absentee  from 
the  clan  Chattan  ranks  at  tne  conflict. — 


Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Day  of  the  Barricades,  May  12, 
1588,  when  Henri  de  Guise  returned  to 
Paris  in  defiance  of  the  king's  order. 
The  king  sent  for  his  Swiss  guards,  and 
the  Parisians  tore  up  the  pavements, 
threw  chains  across  the  streets,  and  piled 
up  barrels  filled  with  earth  and  stones, 
behind  which  they  shot  down  the  Swiss 
as  they  paraded  the  streets.  The  king 
begged  the  duke  to  put  an  end  to  the  con- 
flict, and  fled. 

Another  Jourrufe  des  Barricades  was 
August  27,  1688,  the  commencement  of 
the  Fronde  war. 

Another  was  June  27,  1830,  the  first 
day  of  the  grand  seinain  which  drove 
Charles  X.  from  the  throne. 

Another  was  February  24,  1848,  when 
Affre,  archbishop  of  Paris,  was  shot  in 
his  attempt  to  quell  the  insurrection. 

Another  was  December  2,  1851,  the 
day  of  the  coup  d'e'tat,  when  Louis 
Napoleon  made  his  appeal  to  the  people 
for  re-election  to  the  presidency  for  ten 
years. 

Day  of  the  Cornsacks  (Journele 
des  Purines),  January  3,  1591,  when  some 
of  the  partizans  of  Henri  IV.,  disguised 
as  millers,  attempted  to  get  possession  of 
the  barrier  de  St.  Honore'  (Paris),  with 
the  view  of  making  themselves  masters 
of  the  city.     In  this  they  failed. 

Day  of  the  Dupes,  November  11, 
1630.  The  dupes  were  Marie  de  Medicis, 
Anne  of  Austria,  and  Gaston  due  d'Or- 
le'ans,  who  were  outwitted  by  cardinal 
Richelieu.  The  plotters  had  induced 
Louis  XIII.  to  dismiss  his  obnoxious 
minister,  whereupon  the  cardinal  went 
at  once  to  resign  the  seals  of  office ;  the 
king  repented,  re-eetablished  the  cardinal, 
and  he  became  more  powerful  than  ever. 

Days  Recurrent  in  the  Lives 
of  Great  Men. 

Becket.  Tuesday  was  Bcckec's  day. 
He  was  born  on  a  Tuesday,  and  on  a 
Tuesday  was  assassinated.  He  was 
baptized  on  a  Tuesday,  took  his  flight 
from  Northampton  on  a  Tuesday,  with- 
drew to  France  on  a  Tuesday,  had 
his  vision  of  martyrdom  on  a  Tuesday, 
returned  to  England  on  a  Tuesday,  his 
body  was  removed  from  the  crypt  to  the 
shrine  on  a  Tuesday,  and  on  Tuesday 
(April  13,  1875)  cardinal  Manning  conse- 
crated the  new  church  dedicated  to  St. 
Thomas  a  Becket. 


J 


DAZZLE. 


Cuomwki.i.'s  day  was  Beptember  8. 
On  Beptember  o,  1660,  he  won  the  battle 

of    Dunbar;    00    September    .),     L661,     he 

wiiii  the  battle  of  Worcester;  on  Septem- 
ber 8,  1668.  be  'lied. 
Haboldi  day  was  October  14.    It  was 

his  birthday,  ami  also  the  day  of  his 
death.  William  the  Conqueror  was  born 
on  thf  same  day,  and,  on  October  11,  1066, 

won  England  by  conquest. 

Nai-oi.kon's  day  was  August  15,  his 
lirthday;  but  his  "lucky"  day,  like 
that  of  his  nephew,  Napoleon  111.,  was 
the  2nd  of  the  month.  He  was  made 
consul  for  life  on  August  '-',  1802;  was 
Crowned     December    *J,     1804;    won    his 

greatest  battle,  that    of   Austerlitz,  for 
which  he  obtained  the  title  of  '"Great," 
December  2,    1805;    married    the    areh- 
dnchess  of  Austria  April  2,  1810  ;  etc. 
Napolbom   HI.    The  oemp  <f etal  was 

December  2,  1851.  Louis  Napoleon  was 
made  emperor  December  2,  1852 ;  he 
opened,  atSaarbruck,  the  Franco-German 

war  August  2.  1H70  ;  and  surrendered  his 
■word  to  William  of  Prussia,  September  2, 
1870. 

Dazzle,  in  London  Assurance,  by 
D.  Houcicault. 

"  Divzxle  "  and  "  lady  Oay  Spanker  ""art  themselves." 
»i..l  «ill  never  l«-  dropped  out  uf  U>e  Ust  ui  ncn 
— i'ercy  Fitzgerald. 

De  Bourgo  (  William),  brother  of  the 
earl  of  Ulster  and  commander  of  the 
English  forces  that  defeated  Felim 
O'Connor  (1315)  at  Athunree,  iu  Con- 
naught. 

Why  tho'  fallen  her  brother!  kerne  [/ruA  infantry) 
It.  n.ntli  lx  liourgo'i  battle  Mm 

Camjltll,  O'Connor'i  CnUd. 

De  Courcy,  in  a  romance  called 
Woman,  by  the  Rev.  *'.  B.  tdatnrin.  An 
Irishman,  made  up  of  contradictions  and 
Improbabilities.      He    is    in    love    with 

Zaira,   a   brilliant    Italian,   and    also   with 

her  unknown  daughter,  called  Eva  Went- 
worth,  a  modal  of  purity.  Both  women 
are  blighted  by  his  jnconstancy.      Eva 

dies,    bat   /aira    lives    to    see    I  >e    CoUTCy 
b  of  remorse  ( 1828). 

Do  Qard,  a  noble,  staid  gentleman, 
new  lv  lighted  from  his  travels  ;  brother 
of  Oria'na,  who  "chases"  Mi'rabel  "the 
u  .  -•  him.     Ilcuumont 

I  1652). 

Do  I/EpOO  M  -  a  deaf  and 

dumb    lad    abandoned    in    ti 

h  i m,  and  brin  rs  him  up 
■lidfi  the  name  of  Theodore.      The  found- 

r 


241  DEAN& 

ling  turns  out  to  be  Julio  count  of  Har» 
aneour. 

"In    vour   rjfllim.   who    l«   the  creatart  fei.           «»: 
: 

1>  ai.  mi-rt.  tad  Nattm  [«o«U  »  it  »nd 

Taste  |  votiitl  i  imaent  Voltaire  .  i  laad  lor 

I  t  for  Da 

creature*."—  Hi.    llolcrufl.   r/te    .  ."..  UL  t 

(17B.H 

Do      Profundis     ("  out  of    tUa 

depths  .   .  ."),  t  | 

Psalm  exxx.    in    the  : 

Liturgy,   Bung  when  the  dead  are   com- 
mitted to  the  grave. 

At  ere.  lrntrn.1  of  bri-lal  verse. 
The  (>*  Pru/andu  filled  the  \lr. 

UmtrfcUow.  The  mind  OlrL 

Do    Valmont    (Cbtsar). 
Florian  and  uncle  of  Geraldine.     During 
his  absence  in  the  wars,   he  left  his  kins- 
man, the  baron  Longueville,  guardian  of 

Me  ;   but  under  the  hope  of  coming 

into  the  property,  the  baron  - 

castle,  intending  thereby  to  kill  the  wife 

and  her  infant  boy.      When   De  Valmont 

returned  and  knew  his  losses,  he  1 

a  wayward  recluse,  querulous, 

frantic  at  times,  and  at  times 

choly.     He  adopted  an  infan  •■ 

forest,"  who  turned  out  \  .    His 

wile  was   ultimately  found,  and   t: 

lainyof  Longueville  was  brought  to  light. 

— W.  Dimond,  The 

Has*  "Do  Valnionti"  I  ham  witnessed  In  flfty-foui 

fears,  iMit  have  never  scmi  the  e^ual  of  J>  ^j.h   Gcorga 
lolnuvn  lirtH-1817).  —  lioualdjon. 

Deaf  and  Dumb  (Ths),  a  comedy 
by  Thomas   Holcroft.     "The  deaf  and 

dumb"  boy  is  Julio  count  of  Har. 

a  ward  of  M.  Darlemont,  -icr  to 

get    possession    of    his    ward's    pr 

abandons    him    when  very  young 

streets  nt'    l'aris.      Here   lie    .,    • 

the  abbs'  1  v  r  r.p.  a,  who  brin      him  up 
under  the  name  ,.;  Theodore,     i 

nixed   by  bis  <;.;  | 

others,    1  larlemont    confess*  i   his  i 
and  Julio   is    restored  to  ! 
inheritance. — Th,  I 
Dtmb  1 1 . 

Dean  of  St.  I  Jona- 

than   Swift. 

deanery  in    171.:,..  :  i    it   till    his 

death  i  I 

1   )         ! 

.  his  magnanimity   in 
tton.  and  his  eccentrii 

' 
second  ■ 

/SIMM  I'oins,  d  i 

,    by    bis   fii  ..nines 


DEATH. 


242 


DEBATABLE  LANL 


Reuben  Butler,  the  prcsbyterian  minister. 
Jeanie  Deans  is  a  model  of  good  sonse, 
strong  affection,  resolution,  and  dis- 
interestedness. Her  journey  from  Edin- 
burgh to  London  is  as  interesting  as  that 
of  Elizabeth  from  Siberia  to  Moscow,  or 
of  Bunyan's  pilgrim. 

F.jfie  [Fuphemia~\  Deans,  daughter  of 
Douce  Davie  Deans,  by  his  second  wife. 
She  is  betrayed  by  George  [after- 
wards sir  George]  Staunton  (called 
Gcordie  Robertson),  and  imprisoned  for 
child  murder.  Jeanie  goes  to  the  queen 
and  sues  for  pardon,  which  is  vouchsafed 
to  her,  and  Staunton  does  what  he  can 
to  repair  the  mischief  he  has  done  by 
marrying  Ellie,  who  thus  becomes  lady 
Staunton.  Soon  after  this  sir  George  is 
shot  by  a  gipsy  boy,  who  proves  to  be 
his  own  son,  and  Kflie  retires  to  a  convent 
on  the  Continent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  IL). 

***  J.  E.  Millais  has  a  picture  of  Effie 
Deans  keeping  tryst  with  George  Staunton. 

%*  The  prototype  of  Jeanie  Deans 
was  Helen  Walker,  to  whose  memory 
sir  W.  Scott  erected  a  tombstone  in 
Irongray  Churchyard  (Kirkcudbright). 

Death  or  Mors.  So  Tennyson  calls 
sir  Ironside  the  Bed  Knight  of  the  Bed 
Lands,  who  kept  Lyonors  (or  Liones) 
captive  in  Castle  Berilous.  The  name 
"  Mors,"  which  is  Latin,  is  very  incon- 
sistent with  a  purely  British  tale,  and  of 
course  does  not  appear  in  the  original 
story. — Tennyson,  Idylls  ("  Gareth  and 
Lvnette ")  ;  sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  134-137  (1170). 

Death  (The  Ferry  of).  The  ferry  of 
the  Irtish,  leading  to  Siberia,  is  so  called 
because  it  leads  the  Bussian  exile  to 
political  and  almost  certain  physical 
death.  To  be  "laid  on  the  shelf"  is  to 
cross  the  ferry  of  the  Irtish. 

Death  from  Strange  Causes. 

yKsciiYi.us  was  killed  by  the  fall  of  a 
tortoise  on  his  head  from  the  claws  of  an 
eagle  in  the  air. — I'liny,  Hist.  vii.  7. 

Aoath'oci.es  (4  St//.),  tyrant  of  Sicily, 
was  killed  by  a  tooth-pick,  at  the  age  of  95. 

Anackeow  was  choked  by  a  grapc- 
Btone. — Pliny,  Hist.  vii.  7. 

Bassus  (Q.  Lccanius)  died  from  the 
prick  of  a  fine  needle  in  his  left  thumb. 

Chalchas,  the  soothsayer,  died  of 
laughter  at  the  thought  of  his  having 
Outlived  the  time  predicted  for  his  death. 

CHARLES  VII I.,  conducting  his  (iiieen 
into  a  tennis-court,  struck  nis  head  against 
thv  lintU,  and  it  caused  his  death. 


Fabius,  the  Boman  praetor,  was  choked 
by  a  single  goat-hair  in  the  milk  which 
he  was  drinking. — Pliny,  Hist.  vii.  7. 

Frederick  Lewis,  prince  of  Wales, 
died  from  the  blow  of  a  cricket-ball. 

Itadacii  died  of  thirst  in  the  harvest- 
field,  because  (in  observance  of  the  rule 
of  St.  Patrick)  he  refused  to  drink  a 
drop  of  anything. 

Louis  VI.  met  with  his  death  from  a 
pig  running  under  his  horse,  and  causing 
it  to  stumble. 

Makgutte  died  of  laughter  on  seeing  a 
monkey  trying  to  pull  on  a  pair  of  his  bouts. 

Philom'enes  (4  syl.)  died  of  laughter 
at  seeing  an  ass  eating  the  figs  provided 
for  his  own  dessert. — Valerius  Maximus. 

Pi.acut  (1'hillipot)  dropped  down  dead 
while  in  the  act  of  paying  a  bill. — Baca- 
berry  the  elder. 

QUESELATTLT,  a  Norman  physician  of 
Montpellier,  died  from  the  slight  wound 
made  in  bis  hand  in  the  extraction  of  a 
splinter. 

Saufetus  (Sjntrius)  was  choked  supping 
up  the  albumen  of  a  soft-boiled  egg. 

/kiwis,  the  painter,  died  of  laughtei 
at  sight  of  a  hag  which  he  had  just 
depicted. 

Death  Proof  of  Guilt.  When 
combats  and  ordeals  were  appealed  to 
in  proof  of  guilt,  in  the  belief  that  "  God 
would  defend  the  right,"  the  death  of  the 
combatant  was  his  sentence  of  guilt  also. 

Take  hence  that  traitor  from  our  sight. 
For.  hy  his  death,  we  do  perceive  his  guilt 

Sliakespcare.  2  ll.nry  IV.  act  iL  sc  3  (1531). 

Death  Ride  (The),  the  charge  of 
the  Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava,  October 
25,  L854.  In  this  action  (100  English 
horsemen,  under  the  command  of  the  earl 
of  Cardigan,  charged  a  Bussian  force  of 
5000  cavalry  and  six  battalions  of  in- 
fantry. They  galloped  through  the 
battery  of  thirty  guns,  cutting  down 
the  artillerymen,  and  through  the  cavalry, 
but  then  discovered  the  battalions,  and 
cut  their  way  back  again.  Of  the  670  who 
advanced  to  this  daring  charge,  not  200 
returned.  This  reckless  exploit  was  the 
result  of  some  misunderstanding  in  an 
order  from  the  commander-in-chief. 
Tennyson  has  a  poem  on  the  subject, 
called  The  Charge  of  the  Light  Brigade. 

For  chivalrous  devotion  and  daring,  "  the  Death  Ride  " 
of  the  Light  Brigade  will  not  easily  he  paralleled.— Sir 
Edw.  Creasy,  The  J-yteen  DecUive  Uattlet  (prefaced 

Debatable  Land  (TJie),  a  tract  of 
land  between  the  F.sk  and  the  Sark.  It 
seems  properly  to  belong  to  Scotland,  but 
having  been  claimed  by  both  crowns  waa 


DEBON. 


243 


'  iRGE. 


styled  TV  DtbaUbU  Land.    Sir  Richard 
Graham  bought  of  Junta  I.  of  I 

!'   this   tract,  ami    ^ot   it    United   to 

.my  of  Cumberland.  Aa  James 
ruled  ova  both  kingdoms,  he  was 
supremely  indifferent  to  which  the  {>!< >t 

was  annexed. 

Deb'on,   one   of   the  eompanj 
Brute.  According  to  British  fable,  Devon- 
shire is  a  corrnptioo  of  "  Debon'a-ehare," 
or  the  share  of  country  assigned  to  Debon. 

Deborah  Dobbitch,  governante  .it 
lady  PeverU's. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  !'■ 
\k  (tune,  Charles  II.). 

Dec'adi,    pin.    dttfad  .  the  holiday 
•very  tenth  day,  in  substitution  of  the 

Sunday  or  sabhath,  in  the  first  i 
Bevolution. 

All  'liV.ull   he   lahoun   In  the  corner  of  the  Aiiirmtln 
dolitrr.  ami  be  calU  tli.it  hlf  ho  nl.ij.  —  /  ht  AIM 
Lyt.  U. 

Decern  Scriptorea,  a  collection 
of  ten  ancient  chronicles  on  English 
history,  edited  by  Twysden  ami  John 
Belden.  The  names  <>f  the  chroniclers 
neon  of  Durham,  John  of  Hexham, 
Richard  of  Hexham,  Ailred  of  R 
Ralph  tie  Diceto,  John  Brompton  of 
Jorval,  Gervaee  of  Canterbury,  Thomas 
Btubbe,  William  Thorn  of  Canterbury, 
anil  Henry  Knighton  of  Leicester. 

De'eius,  friend  of  Antin'ona  (-1  sy/.). 

— licaumout  and  Fletcher,  J. uun  of  Candy 
(1647). 

Decroe    of    Fontainobleau,    an 
edict  "i  Napoleon  I.  (Ordering  the  di 

tinn  l>v  lire  of  all  English  g Is 

October  IS  1810,  from  Fontainebli 

Doc'uman  Qato,  one  of   the 
in  a  Roman  camp.     It  was  th< 
opposite  the  pnetorian,  nnd  furthest  from 
the  enemy.    Called  dsciasMm  becauae  the 
tenth  legion  was  always  posted  near  it. 
I 

l.rtr.i  and    I  WiV  i) 

■i  the  other  sides  of  the    [uare.     1 1 
the protorian  ^afo  wae  at  the  top  of  this 
a  ould  be  at  the 
bottom,    the  tra  on  tin- 

hand,  ami  the  porta  imutra  on  thi 

Dodlock  hart.f  who 

has  n  general   opinion   that    the   world 

ini^ht   get   on    without    hills,    hut   would 

tally  done  up  "  without  1  >•  dlocka. 

1  Is   loves    lady    1  fed  lock,   an  1 

her  implicitly'.    Sir  Leicester  ia  h 
able  ami  truthful,   but   intensely   preju- 
diced,  immovably  obstinate,  and   proud 

•   '  in  ;   but  Ins 


pride  has  a  most  dreadful  fall  when  the 
guilt  of  lady  Dedlock  1 

Lad  « if e   of  aii 

beautiful,  cold,  and  apparent! 

but  sh<  :  down  with 

a  daughter  by  captain  Han 

daughb 

■ 

1  ahtntnia      Doc  '     »ii 

•  r.      A    "young"    lady 
given  • 

She  has  a  ha 

the    eoneerns    of    others.-  <  .    1 

Dee's  Spec 'ulum,  a  mirror,  which 
I>r.    John    Dee   asserted    i 
to    him    by 

GahrieL    At  the  I  tha  doctor  it 

I  into  the  p — ession  of  I 

by  whom  il  ■ 

to  John  laat  duke  of  Argyll.    The  • 

grandson  ilord  Frederic  Campbel 
it  to  Horace  w  al]  ole  ;  and  it 
Hold,  at  the 

of  Strawberry  Hill,  and  bought   by  Mr. 
Bmythe    Pigott,      At   the    - 
Pigott'a  library,  in   l •<•'•. i.  it  • 

ite  lord  L 
borough.  A  writer  in  Notes  and  (, 
(l>.  876,  N 

now  been  for  many  \iars  in  the  ' 
•i,"    where    be    saw    it   •• 
eighteen  year 

This  ulum  is  a  flat  ;- 

mineral,    Ithl 
form,  fitted  with  a  ban 

Deerslayer    /      ,  the  til 
by  .1.1 

hero,  Nattj  or  Nathaniel  Bumppo.     1 1  o 
is  a  model  unoivilised  man,  honourable, 
truthful,  ami  brave,  pure  ol  heart 
without  reproach.     1 1  ••    it  ii 

. 

• 

called  •'  II  I  .»       ■      •  /*  the 

Mohican*;  "  n    Th« 

in    I  h* 
l 

1 )  .  M  i  .l/"ii.<.),    k  i   wine 

ahon   ,  ine,  in 

a    bull-necked, 

humoured,  but  in.: 

:    diameter  ; 
:  in^ly  knitting. 


■   I 


DEFENDER  OF  THE  FAITH.      244 


DELLA  CRUSCA  SCHOOL. 


Defender  of  the  Faith,  the  title 
first  given  to  Henry  VIII.  by  pope  Leo 
X.,  for  a  volume  against  Luther,  in 
defence  of  pardons,  the  papacy,  and  the 
■even  sacraments.  The  original  volume 
is  in  the  Vatican,  and  contains  this 
inscription  in  the  kind's  handwriting  : 
Anylorutn  rex  Henricui,  Leani  A*,  tint  tit 
hoc  opua  etfidei  testem  ei  mnieiiia;  where- 
upon  the  pope  (in  the  twelfth  year  of  his 
reign)  conferred  upon  Henry,  by  hull,  the 
title  "  Fidci  Defensor,"  and  commanded 
all  Christians  so  to  address  him.  The 
original  hull  was  preserved  by  sir  Robert 
Cotton,  and  is  signed  by  the  pope,  four 
bishop-cardinals,  fifteen  priest-cardinals, 
and  eight  deacon-cardinals.  A  complete 
copy  of  the  bull,  with  its  seals  and  Big- 
natures,  may  be  seen  in  Selden's  Titles  of 
Honour,  v.  53-57  (1072). 

Defensaetas,  Devonshire. 

Defoe  writes  The  History  of  the 
Pla-yuc  of  London  as  if  he  had  been  a 
jtersonal  spectator,  but  he  was  only  three 
years  old  at  the  time  (1663-1781). 

Doggial,  antichrist.  The  Moham- 
medan writers  say  he  has  but  one  eye  and 
one  eyebrow,  and  on  his  forehead  is 
written  OAFBR  ("infidel"). 

Chilled  with  terror,  wo  concluded  that  the  Dnsrlnl.  with 
hi-,  exterminating  angels,  bad  sent  fnnii  their  places  on 
the  earth.— W.  Beckfard,  rmJUk  (17S4). 

Dogree.  "  Fine  by  degrees  and  beau- 
tifully less." — Prior. 

Deheubarth,  South  Wale3. — Spen- 
ser, Fairy  Queen,  iii.  2  (1590). 

Deird'ri,  an  ancient  Irish  story 
similar  to  the  Dar-Thula  of  Ossian. 
Conor,  king  of  Ulster,  puts  to  death  by 
treachery  the  three  sons  of  Deaach. 
This  leads  to  the  desolating  war  against 
Ulster,  which  terminates  in  the  total 
destruction  of  Eman.  This  is  one  of  the 
three  tragic  stories  of  the  Irish,  which 
are:  (1)  The  death  of  the  children  of 
Touran  (regarding  Tuatha  de  Danans) ; 
(2)  the  death  of  the  children  of  Lear  or 
Lir,  turned  into  swans  by  Aoife ;  (3) 
the  death  of  the  children  of  L'snach  (a 
"  Milesian  "  story). 

Dei'ri  (8  syl.),  separated  from  Ber- 
nicia  by  Soemil,  the  sixth  in  descent  from 
Woden.  IViri  and  liernicia  together 
constituted  North umhria. 

Dlera  \rlr]  henreth  thru'  the  spacious  Yorklsh  hounds. 
From  Durham  down  along  to  the  Lancastrian  sounds .  . . 
And  did  the  greater  part  of  Cumberland  oontaln. 

Drayton.  PolpolMon,  xvl.  (lfiKl). 

Dek'abriat,  a  Decembrist,  from 
Dekabcr,  the  Russian  for  December.     It 


denotes  those  persons  who  suffered  death 
or  captivity  for  the  part  they  took  in  the 
military  conspiracy  which  broke  out  in 
St.  Petersburg  in  lH.cember,  1825,  on  the 
accession  of  czar  Nicholas  to  the  throne. 

Dela'da,  the  tooth  of  lluddha,  pre- 
served in  the  Malegawo-templc  at  Kandy. 
The  natives  guard  it  with  the  greatest 
jealousy,  from  a  belief  that  whoever 
possesses  it  acquires  the  right  to  govern 
Ceylon.  When  the  English  (in  1815)  ob- 
tained possession  of  this  palladium,  the 
natives  submitted  without  resistance. 

Delaserre  (Captain  Philip),  a  friend 
of  Hurry  Bertram. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mannenng  (time,  George  II.). 

Delec'table  Mountains,  a  ra age 
of  hills  from  the  summits  of  which  tho 
Celestial  City  could  be  seen.  These 
mountains  were  beautiful  with  woods, 
vineyards,  fruits  of  all  sorts,  flowers, 
springs  and  fountains,  etc. 

Now  there  were  tin  the  tor*  of  these  mountain*  shep- 
herd, feeling  their  tl^clu.  Th.-  pilgrims.  Ulelehira,  went 
to  them,  rin.1  leaning  on  their  stuff*  .  .  .  they  rvked. 
"  Whose  detectable  moantafau  are  these,  snd  whose  he  the 
sheep  that  fe.it  uih.ii  them  T  '  Ttie  >heplierdj  answered, 
"'These  mountain!  are  Emmanuel's  laud  .  .  .  and  the 
sheep  are  Kb,  and  He  laid  down  Ills  life  for  IheiiL" — 
bunyan,  Pit$rim't  /'ro>jrc*t,  L  1167S). 

De'lia,  Diana ;  so  called  from  Lhe 
island  Deloa,  where  she  was  bom. 
Similarly,  Apollo  was  called  Delius. 
Milton  says  that  Eve,  e'en 

Ik-lias  »'lf. 
In  gate  surttfuwd  and  goddem-llke  deport. 
Though  not  ai  she  with  bow and  |rinr  anatt. 

raradita  LoU.  Lx.  333,  etc.  ,1665). 

De'lia,  any  female  sweetheart.     She  is 

one    of     the    shepherdesses    in    Virgil's 

ties.    Tibullus,  the  Koman  poet,  calls 

his  lady-love  "  Delia,"  but  what  her  real 
name  was  is  not  certain. 

\  the  lady-love  of  James  Ham- 
mond's elegies,  was  Miss  Dashwood,  woo 
died  in  1779.  She  rejected  his  suit,  and 
died  unmarried.  In  one  of  the  elegies 
the  poet  imagines  himself  married  to  her, 
and  that  they  were  living  happily 
together  till  death,  when  pitying  maids 
would  tell  of  iheir  wondrous  loves. 

Delian  King  ( The).  Apollo  or  the 
sun  is  so  called  in  the  Orphic  hymn. 

oft  ns  the  Dellan  king  with  Sirius  holds 
Tho  central  haaraoa, 

Akcnside,  Hymn  tothe  JnaJssSs  (1?(T). 

Delight  of  Mankind  (  The),  Titus 
♦,he  Koman  emperor  (a.D.  40,  79-81). 

THus  Indeed  gave  ime  short  ei 'iiing  gleam. 
Mure  ^inli.'d  felt.  n.s  In  the  mlrlsj  :t  nil  wan1 
Of  storm  and  horror  •  "Tbj  De'ig   i  of  Men." 

:li..nison,  l.ilnrty,  lil.  (1735). 

Delia  Ci-usca    School,  originally 


DELPHINE. 


245 


DF.MOGORGON. 


applied  in  1582  to  a  society  in  Florence, 
established  to  purifv  the  national  lan- 
guage and  silt  from  it  all  its  impurities  ; 
Eat  applied  in  England  to  a  brotherhood 
of  poets  (at  the  close  of  the  last  century) 
under  the  leadership  of  Mrs.  Piozzi. 
This  school  was  conspicuous  for  all'ec- 
tation  and  high-flown  panegyrics  on  each 
other.  It  was  stamped  out  by  Gilford,  in 
The  Baviad,  in  1794,  and  TheManiad,  in 
1796.  Robert  Merry,  who  signed  himself 
Ihlla  Crusca,  James  Cobb  a  farce-writer, 
. lames  Roswell  (biographer  of  I  »r.  John- 
son), O'Keefe,  Morton,  Reynolds,  Hol- 
eroft,  Sheridan,  Colman  the  yonnger, 
Mrs.  H.  Cowley,  and  Mrs.  Robinson  were 
its  best  exponents. 

Derphine(2s.y/.),thehoroineandtitle 
of  a  novel  by  Mde.  de  Staid.  Dclphineis 
a  charming  character,  who  has  a  faithless 
lover,  and  dies  of  a  broken  heart.  This 
novel,  like  Cbrmiw,  was  written  during 
her  banishment  from  Fiance  by  Napo- 
leon I.,  when  she  travelled  in  Switzerland 
and  Italy.  It  is  generally  thought  that 
"  Delphine"  was  meant  for  the  authoress 
herself  (1802). 

Delphine  Classics  (The),  a  set  of 
Latin  classics  edited  in  France  for  the  use 
of  the  grand  dauphin  (son  of  Louis  XIV.). 
Ihiet  wa^  chief  editor,  assisted  by  Mon- 
tausier  and  Rossuet.  They  had  thirty- 
nine  scholars  working  under  them.  The 
indexes  of  these  classics  are  very  valu- 
able. 

Delta  [A]  of  Blackwood  is  D.  M. 
Moir  (1798-1851). 

Del'ville  (2  si/l.),  one  of  the  guardians 
of  Cecilia.  lie  is  a  man  of  wealth  and 
great  ostentation,  with  a  haughty  hu- 
mility and  condescending  pride,  especially 
in  Ids  intercourse  with  his  social  inferiors. 
—Miss  Rurney,  Cecilia  (1782). 

Demands.  In  full  of  (til  demand*) 
as  his  lordship  says.  His  "lordship"  is 
the  marquis  of  Blandford ;  and  the 
allusion  is  tr  Mr.  Benson,  the  jeweller, 

who  sent  in  a  claim  to  the  mar.piis  for 
interest  to  a  bill  which  had  run  more  than 

twelre  months.  His  lordship  sent  a 
cheque  for  the  bill  itself,  and  wrote  on  it, 
"In  lull  of  all  demands."     Mr.  Benson 

accepted     the     bill,     and     sued     for     the 

t,  but  was  Don-  suited  ( 1H71). 

Demo'tia,  South  Wales  ;  the  inhabit- 
ants are  called  Demetians. 

Dstiarolr,  Uio  nl  of  tb«  DaMtlM  I 

DrmjUdi.  HMjwIMwi.  v.  [ISM). 


Deme'trius,  a  young  Athenian,  to 
whom  Eg<  us  (3  ml.)  promised  his 
daughter     Hennia    in     marriage.      A§ 

llermta    loved    Lysander,    she   refused   to 

marry  Demetrius,  and  fled  from  Athens 
with  Lysander.    Demetrius  went  in         I 

of  her,  and  was  followed  by  llel'ena,  who 

doted  on  him.     All  four  fell  asleep,  and 

"dreamed  a  dream"  about  the  fairies. 
On    waking,    Demetrius     became    m>>r« 

reasonable.  He  saw  that  Hennia  dis- 
liked him,  but  that  Helena  loved  him 
sincerely,  so  he  consented  to  forego  the 
one  and  take  to  wife  the  other.  When 
Kgetis,  the  father  of  Hennia,  found  out 
how  the  case  stood,  he  consented  to  the 
union  of  his  daughter  with  Lysander. — 
Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Xtjht's  Dream 
(1592). 

Deme'trius,  in  The  Poetaster,  by  Ren 
Jonson,  is  meant  for  John  Marstou  (died 
1GJ3). 

Deme'trius  (4  StfJ.),  son  of  kin  u'  Antig'- 
onus,  in  love  with  Celia,  alias  Bnan'thS. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Tltc  Humorous 
Lieutenant  (1647). 

Deme'trius,  a  citi/.en  of  Greece  during 
the  reign  of  Alexius  Comm-nus. — Sir  W  . 
Scott,    Count    Robert   of    Posit    (time, 

Rufus). 

Dcmiurgns,  that  mysterious  agent 
which,  according  to  Plato,  made  the 
world  and  all  that  it  contains.  The 
Logos  or  "Word"  of  St.  John's  Gospel 
(ch.  i.  1)  is  the  demiurgus  of  platonizing 
Christians. 

Democ'ritos  (in  Latin  DemocrUu*)f 
the  laughing  or  scoffing  philosopher,  the 
friar  BaCOD  of  his  age.  To  "dine  with 
Democritos"  is  to  go  without  dinner,  the 

same  as  "dining  with   duke  Humphrey," 

or     "dining      with      the 

knights." 

Paopkt  llilnk  that  wr  [.luthort]  ottrn  .line  with  IVmor. 
rii..s.  bill  then  lh(  i  w I  ikeu      rhcre  b  I 

..■  to  MUM  BOOd  Ulita  — 

Democritus  Junior,  Robert  Bnr- 
ton,  author  of  The  Anatomy  ej 
(1676  1640). 

Demod'ooos  (in   Latin  Demodocut), 

bard    of    Alcin'ous    (4    tyi.)    king   of    ths 

ians. 

Such  iu  IIik  wiv  rvmcvtlov.  oner  t.,|,l 

IIP  nt  ki    . 

Whlla  ad  Ulrrw"  mil  nnd  >li  d,r  tart 

.•in,  .117. 

Inn;:. 

ai..t  ■  ..tvi*.  (1827). 

Dem'ogor'gon,  tyrant  of  Uie  eivas 


DEMOPHOON. 


246 


DERBY. 


and  fays,  whose  very  name  inspired  terror; 
hence  Milton  speaks  of  "  the  dreaded 
name  of  Demogorgon"  (Paradise  Lost, 
ii.  9G5).  Spenser  says  he  "dwells  in  the 
deep  abyss  where  the  three  fatal  sisters 
dwell  "  (Faery  Queen,  iv.  2) ;  but  Ariosto 
says  he  inhabited  a  splendid  palace  on 
the  Himalaya  Mountains.  Demogorgon 
is  mentioned  by  Statius  in  the  T/tebaid, 
iv.  516 

He's  the  first-begotten  of  Beelzebub,  with  a  face  aa 
terrible  as  Demogorgon. — Do  den,  The  Spanish  Fryar, 
t.  •!  (1680). 

Demoph'oon  (4  syl.)  was  brought 
up  by  Demeter,  who  anointed  him  with 
ambrosia  and  plunged  him  every  night 
into  the  fire.  One  day,  his  mother,  out 
of  curiosity,  watched  the  proceeding,  and 
was  horror-struck  ;  whereupon  Demeter 
told  her  that  her  foolish  curiosity  h»d 
robbed  her  son  of  immortal  youth. 

***  This  story  is  also  told  of  Isis. — 
Plutarch,  De  IsUl.  et.Osirid.,  xvi.  357. 

*+*  A  similar  story  is  told  of  Achillea. 
His  mother  Thet'is  was  taking  similar 
precautions  to  render  him  immortal,  when 
his  father  Pe'leus  (2  syl.)  interfered. — 
Apollonius  Rhodius,  Aryonautic  Exp.,  iv. 
866. 

Demos'thenes  of  the  Puipit. 
Dr.  Thomas  Kennell,  dean  of  West- 
minster, was  so  called  by  William  Pitt 
(1753-1840). 

Dendin  (Peter),  an  old  man,  who 
had  settled  more  disputes  than  all  the 
magistrates  of  Poitiers,  though  he  was  no 
judge.  His  plan  was  to  wait  till  the 
litigants  were  thoroughly  sick  of  their 
contention,  and  longed  to  end  their  dis- 
putes ;  then  would  he  interpose,  and  his 
judgment  could  not  fail  to  be  acceptable. 

Tcnot  Dendin,  son  of  the  above,  but, 
unlike  his  father,  he  always  tried  to 
crush  quarrels  in  the  bud  ;  consequently, 
he  never  succeeded  in  settling  a  single 
dispute  submitted  to  his  judgment. — 
Rabelais,  Pantayruel,  iii.  41  (1545). 

(Racine  has  introduced  the  same  name 
in  his  comedy  called  Les  Ptaideurs  (1669), 
and  Lafontaine  in  his  Fables,  1668.) 

Dennet  (Father),  an  old  peasant  at 
the  Lists  of  St.  George. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  1.). 

Dennis  the  hangman,  one  of  the 
ringleaders  of  the  "No  Popery  riots;" 
the  other  two  were  Hugh  servant  of  the 
Maypole  inn,  and  the  half-witted  Barnaby 
Rudge.  Dennis  was  cheerful  enough 
wnen  he  "  turned  off  "  others,  but  when 


he  himself  ascended  the  gibbet  he  showed 
a  most  grovelling  and  craven  spirit. — C. 
Dickens,  Barnaby  Rudye  (1841). 

Dennis  (John),  "the  best  abused  man 
in  English  literature."  Swift  lampooned 
him  ;  Pope  assailed  him  in  the  Essay  on 
Criticism;  and  finally  he  was  "damned 
to  everlasting  fame"  in  the  Dunciad.  He 
is  called  "Zo'Uus"  (1657-1733). 

Dennison  (Jenny),  attendant  on 
Miss  Edith  Bellenden.  She  marries 
Cuddie  Headrigg.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Dent  le  Lait  (Une),  a  prejudice. 
After  M.  Be'ralde  has  been  running  down 
Dr.  Purgon  as  a  humbug,  Argan  replies, 
"C'est  que  vous  avez,  mon  frere,  une 
dent  de  lait  contre  lui." — Moliere,  Le 
Malade  Lnayinaire,  iii.  3  (1673). 

D'Eon  de  Beaumont  (Le  cheva- 
lier), a  person  notorious  for  the  ambiguity 
of  his  sex  ;  said  to  be  the  son  of  an 
advocate.  His  face  was  pretty,  without 
beard,  moustache,  or  whiskers.  Louis 
XV.  sent  him  as  a  woman  to  Russia  on  a 
secret  mission,  and  he  presented  himself 
to  the  czarina  as  a  woman  (1756).  In 
the  Seven  Years'  War  he  was  appointed 
captain  of  dragoons.  In  1777  he  assumed 
the  dress  of  a  woman  again,  which  he 
maintained  till  death  (1728-1810). 

Derbend  (The  Iron  Gates  of),  called 
the  "Albanica?  Porta?,"  or  the  "Caspian's 
Gate."  Iron  gates,  which  closed  the  defile 
of  Derbend.  There  is  still  debris  of  a 
great  wall,  which  once  ran  from  the 
Black  Sea  to  the  Caspian.  It  is  said  that 
Alexander  founded  Derbend  on  the  west 
coast  of  the  Caspian,  and  that  Khosru 
tlie  Great  fortified  it.  Ilaroun-al-Kas- 
chid  often  resided  there.  Its  ancient 
name  was  Albfina,  and  hence  the  pro- 
vince "Schirvan  was  called  Albania. 

%*  The  gates  called  Albania  Pylit 
were  not  the  "Caspian's  Gate,"  but 
"  Trajan's  Gate"  or  "  Kopula  Derbend." 

Derby  (Earl  of),  third  son  of  the  earl 
of  Lancaster,  and  near  kinsman  of 
Edward  III.  His  name  was  Henry 
Plantagenet,  and  he  died  1362.  Henry 
Plantagenet,  earl  of  Derby,  was  sent  to 
protect  Guienne,  and  was  noted  for  his 
humanity  no  less  than  for  his  bravery. 
He  defeated  the  comte  de  l'lsle  at 
Bergerac,  reduced  Perigord,  took  the 
castle  of  Auberoche,  in  Gascony,  over- 
threw 10,000  French  with  only  1000, 
taking  prisoners  nine  earls  and  nearly  all 


DERBY. 


247 


I 


ike  batons,  knights,  ai 
Next    yr.ir    he    took    tin-    fortrei 
Monsegur,  Monsepai,  Villefranchi 
mont,  Tenni  i  ignilon,  and 

Keole. 

That  moit  dwervlnir  earl  of  tw-rr.v.  w- 

■'ilnl  vnh  inl  no,  Uir  rarl  ol  l.tncutrr, 
That  only  Mat 

Ur»)luii,  HaSjtM— ,wBa  (1813). 

Derby  (Countess  of),  Charlotte  de  la 
Tremouille,  countess  of  Derby  ati'l  queen 
of  Man. 

Philip  earl  of  Derby.  kin_'  of  Man,  son 
of  the  countess.—  Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverA  of 
I  04  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Der'rick,  bangmnn  in  the  first  half  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  The  crane  for 
hoisting  goods  is  called  a  derrick,  from 
•his  hangman. 

Derrick  (Tim),  quarter-master  of  the 
pi  rat.  Pirate 

(time,  William  111.). 

Derry-Down  Triangle  ( T/ir), 
lord  Castlereagh ;  afterwards  maronis  of 
Londonderry  ;  so  called  by  William 
Hone.  Tin-  tir-t  word  is  a  pun  on  the 
title,  the  second  refers  to  his  lordship's 
oratory,  a  triangle  being  the  • 
monotonous,  and  unmusical  of  all  musical 
instruments.  Tom  Moore  compel 
oratory  of  lord  I  to  "water 

spouting  bom  a  pump." 

O.   Wlijr  li  a  pump  like  rbrount  Gutl.-rauju  f 
A.  Jtrcjuwe  It  it  a  alender  thing  of  « 

That  up  and  down  lu  awkwar  1  arm  dotli  nrajr. 
And  colly  iixxit,  and  *|«hic,  and  -i-mt  away, 
•  oak.  vaihy,  ercriaalliui  Hood. 

T    Moor*. 

Dorviso  ("a  poor  tnan"),  a  sort  of 
religious  friar  or  mendicant  amoi 
mmedans. 

Desboroup:h  (Colonef),  one  of  the 
parliamentary    commit  r    W. 

Boots,  Woookta  i  (time,  <  ommonwealth). 

Dcsdemo'na,  daughter  of  Brabantio 

.'i  Vi     Man  senator,  in  love  with  Othello 

ncral  of  the  Ven<  tian  army). 

mil  marries 

her;   but   (ago,  by  artful  villainy,  h 

him  to  believe  thai  she  lov< 
wall.    After  a  violent   conflict   b< 
love  and  jealousy,  Othello  smothers  her 
r,  ami  tin n  itaba  himself. — 

- 

fcer  Kill.   ■ 

partod.  are  proof*  of  tihakaapmrr  i  .  .  nalura. 

L>  i  Dairy 

v         .  i.  led  by  I  i  hiefa  oould 


he    pacified    only    by   a    cal  I 

millet, 

I  v  I  '•   ertl  airy 

by  in' 

I  I     will    bur 

"  The 

Yellow  Iiwarf,"  1 

Deserted     Diiim!.-  * 

comedy    by    Holer  ft. 
daughter  of   1  - 

died. 
In  ord<  r 

and    1.  ipht   up    t 

intending  to  eppr 
item,  ■  mo-et  -h 

(   Mordent,  rl   with 

Mrs.  Enfield,  •  crimp,  where  Lennox  is 
introduced  to  her,  and 

?  to  run  away  with  her.  In  the 
interim  Chereril  tees  her,  Falls  in  love 
with  her,  and  determines  to  man 

acknowledgi  Si-*  daughb 

she    r>  •illnnt 

yonng  I 

*«*  1  recast,  and 

callr  |   .  tra. 

Deserted     Villajro    [The),      The 
poet   has   his  •    ■ 

landscapes    ami    characters.      Hei 
' 
Auburn,  but  tells  us  il 

his  youth,  every    -; ..  |   ,.;"   -.4  • 
ami   familiar  to  him.     He   d 
■ 

'.is  us  that  Ins 
the  simple  I  i 

B*ks   the    fr  ■ 

wide  the  limits  " 

a  happy  land."    Now  tin-  man  of 

ami  pride 

P  a  «parr  am 

!■  the 

'    f.  rr«  tj  to. 
A    tr»>  .   u   ,n 


■ 
I 

mmoan  of  gmiU: 


DESMAS. 


248 


DEVIL. 


vantage  reach  the  village,  and  to  test  his 
love,  Louisa  in  pretence  goes  with  Sim- 
kin  as  if  to  he  married.  Henry  sees  the 
procession,  is  told  it  is  Louisa's  wedding 
day,  and  in  a  fit  of  desperation  gives 
himself  up  as  a  deserter,  and  is  con- 
demnad  to  death.  Louisa  goes  to  the 
king,  explains  the  whole  affair,  and  re- 
turns with  his  pardon  as  the  muffled 
drums  begin  to  beat. 

Desmas.  The  repentant  thief  is  so 
called  in  The  Story  of  Joseph  of  Arima- 
thea ;  but  Dismas  in  the  apocryphal 
Gospel  of  Nkodemus.  Longfellow,  in  The 
Golden  Legend,  calls  him  Dumachus. 
The  impenitent  thief  is  called  Gestas,  but 
Longfellow  calls  him  Titus. 

Innparibus  mentis  pendent  tria  corpora  ramls  : 
IHtmat  et  (iettiuu,  media  est  Divina  futestas  ; 
Aim  petit  Dismas,  infelix  infima  Gesmas  ; 
Kin  et  les  nostras  conservet  Sumiua  Potestaa. 

Of  differing  merits  from  three  trees  Incline 
Dismas  and  Geamas  and  the  Power  Divine  ; 
Di.'inas  repents,  Gesmas  no  pardon  craves, 
The  Power  Divine  by  death  the  sinner  saves. 

Desmonds        of       Kilmallock 

(Limerick).  The  legend  is  that  the  last 
powerful  head  of  this  family,  who 
perished  in  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth, 
still  keeps  his  state  under  the  waters  of 
lough  Gur,  that  every  seventh  year  he 
re-appears  fully  armed,  rides  round  the 
lake  early  in  the  morning,  and  will 
ultimately  return  in  the  flesh  to  claim  his 
own  again.  (See  Bakbakossa.) — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel. 

Despair  (Giant)  lived  in  Doubting 
Castle.  He  took  Christian  and  Hopeful 
captives  for  sleeping  on  his  grounds,  and 
locked  them  in  a  dark  dungeon  from 
Wednesday  to  Saturday,  without  "  one 
bit  nf  bread,  or  drop  of  drink,  or  ray  of 
light."  By  the  advice  of  his  wife,  Diffi- 
dence, the  giant  beat  them  soundly 
"  with  a  crab-tree  cudgel."  On  Saturday 
night  Christian  remembered  he  had  a  key 
in  his  bosom,  called  "  Promise,"  which 
would  open  any  lock  in  Doubting  Castle. 
So  he  opened  the  dungeon  door,  and  they 
both  made  their  escape  with  speed. — John 
Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  i.  (1678). 

Deucal'idon,  the  sea  which  washes 
the  north  coast  of  Scotland. 

T:li  thro'  the  sleepy  main  to  Thuly  I  have  pone, 
Ai.tl  seen  the  frozen  isles,  the  cold  Deuculidon. 

M.  Draj  U>n.  l'olyolbion.  I.  (161'.'). 

Deucalidon'ian  Ocean,  the  sea 
which  washes  the  northern  side  of  Ire- 
lund. — Kichard  oi  Cirencester,  JJut.t  1.  6 
(1762). 

Deuce  is  in  Him  [The),  a  firce  by 


George  Colman,  senior.  The  person  re- 
ferred to  is  colonel  Tamper,  under  which 
name  the  plot  of  the  farce  is  given  (1762). 

Deugala,  says  Ossian,  "  was  covered 
with  the  light  of  beauty,  but  her  heart 
was  the  house  of  pride." 

Deve'ta,  plu.  Devktas,  inferior  or 
secondary  deities  in  Hindu  mythology. 

Devil  (The).  Olivier  Ledain,  the 
tool  of  Louis  XL,  and  once  the  king's 
barber,  was  called  Le  Diable,  because  he 
was  as  much  feared,  was  as  fond  of 
making  mischief,  and  was  far  more  dis- 
liked than  the  prince  of  evil.  Olivier 
was  executed  in  1484. 

Devil  ( The).  The  noted  public-house  so 
called  was  No.  2,  Fleet  Street.  In  1788, 
it  was  purchased  by  the  bank  firm  and 
formed  part  of  "  Child's  Place."  The 
original  "Apollo"  (of  the  Apollo  Club, 
held  here  under  the  presidency  of  Ben 
Jonson),  is  still  preserved  in  Child's 
bank. 

When  the  lawyers  in  the  neighbourhood 
went  to  dinner,  they  hung  a  notice  on 
their  doors,  "Gone  to  the  Devil,"  that 
those  who  wanted  them  might  know 
where  to  find  them. 

Dined  to-day  with  Dr.  Garth  and  Mr.  Addison  at  tin 
Devil  tavern,  near  Temple  Bar,  and  Garth  treated.— 
Swift.  Letter  to  Stella. 

Devil  ( Tlie  French),  Jean  Bart,  an  in- 
trepid French  sailor,  born  at  Dunkirk 
(1650-1702). 

Devil  (The  White).  George  Castriot, 
surnamed  "  Scanderbeg,"  was  called  bv 
the  Turks  "The  White  Devil  of  Wat 

lachia"  (1404-1467). 

Devil  (The  Printer's).  Aldus  Manu- 
tius,  a  printer  in  Venice  to  the  holy 
Church  and  the  doge,  employed  a  negro 
boy  to  help  him  in  his  office.  This  little 
black  boy  was  believed  to  be  an  imp  of 
Satan,  and  went  by  the  name  of  the 
"  printer's  devil."  In  order  to  protect 
him  from  persecution,  and  confute  a 
foolish  superstition,  Manutius  made  a 
public  exhibition  of  the  boy,  and  an- 
nounced that  "  any  one  who  doubted  him 
to  be  flesh  and  blood  might  come  forward 
and  pinch  him." 

Devil  (Robert  the),  of  Normandy ;  so 
called  because  his  father  was  said  to  have 
been  an  incubus  or  fiend  in  the  disguise 
of  a  knight  (1028-1035). 

*#*  Kobert  Francoig  Damiens  is  alse 
called  Hubert  le  Diable,  for  his  attempt  to 
assassinate  Louis  XV.  (1714-1757). 


DEVIL 


249        DEVIL'S  DYKE,  BRIGHTON. 


is.ri  of  the),  Bzzeli'no,  chief  of 
the  Uibelins,  governor  of  Vicenza.  He 
was  M  Called  l«'r  his  infamous  cruelties 
il216-1269). 

Devil  Dick,  Richard  Porson,  tlie 
critic  (1759-180«). 

Devil  on  Two  Sticks  (77,,),  that 
i-i  Lt  DiabU  /^■•tt-ti.r,  by  Lesagc  (1707). 
The  plot  of  this  humorous  satirical  tale 
i>  borrowed  from  the  Spanish,  El  ■ 
Cujueto.  hy  Gueva'ra  (1686).  Asmode'ua 
(le  diabU  boitnt.r)  perches  don  Clc'ofas 
on  the  steeple  of  St.  Salva'dor,  and 
stretching  out  liis  band  the  roofs  of  all 
the  bouses  open,  and  expose  to  him  what 
is  being  done  privately  iu  every  dwelling. 

Devil  on  Tiro  Sticks  (The),  a  farce  by 
S.  Foote  ;  a  satire  on  the  medical  pro- 
fession. 

Devil  to  Pay  (The),  a  farce  by  C. 
Coffey.  Sir  John  Loverule  has  ■  terma- 
gant wife,  and  Zackel  JoDSOU  a  patient 
grissel.  Two  spirits  named  Nadir  and 
Ab'ishog  transform  these  two  wires  for  a 
time,  so  that  the  termagant  is  given  to 
Jobson,  and  the  patient  wife  to  ,-ir  John. 
When  my  lad}  tries  her  tncks  on  Jobson, 
he  lakes  his  strap  to  her  and  soon  reduces 

her  to  obedience.  After  she  is  well  re- 
formed, the  two  are  restored  to  their 
original  husbands, and  the  shrew  becomes 
an  obedient,  modest  wife  (died  1 7-1.0). 

Tltt  Devil  to  Ftty  wiu  long  n  favourite,  rlil,  fly  fur  llio 
•  i    ■    N*D  "  |tA«  cvbb.tr  l    «•<.'.  I   win.  li    Dnda 
the    RortUIMi   of    M.vural    ai'trc&scn. — CljiUnbt-ri,     EnylUK 
LitrT.iturn,  u.  1S1. 

Devil'8  Age  (The).     A  wealthy  man 

once  promised  to  give  a  poor  gentleman 

and   his  wife  a  large  sum   of    my  if  at 

a  given  time  they  could  tell  him  I  lie  devil's 
age.    When  the  t  lint  came,  the  gentleman, 

nt  his  wife's  suggestion,  plunged  lirst 
into  a  barrel  of  honey  and  then  into  a 
barrel  of  feathers,  and  walked  on  all 
fours.  Presently,  up  came  his  Satanic 
majesty,  and  said,  "  X  and  x  \  ears  have  I 
lived,"  naming  the  exact  Dumber.  uyet 
never  saw  I  an  animal  like  tins."  The 
gentleman  had  heard  enough,  and  was 
able  to  answer  the  question  without  diffi- 
culiv.  Rev.  W.  Webster,  Beuqut  1 
68  (1*77). 

Devil's  Arrows,  three  remarkable 
"  lruidical "  stones.  n<  ir  Boi 
in  Torkabire.       Probably     t 
simply  murk  the  boundary  i  I        ■ 
ion. 

Devil's  Uriilgo  (  Th'),  mentioned  by 
l>>n    t.  How  ,  m  tin  t,  in  the 


bridge  over  the  falls  of  I  in  th« 

canton  of  die  l.'ri,  in  Switzei 

Devil's  Chalice  (  The).  A  wealthy 
man  gave  B  pool  farmer  a  lar-e  riun  of 
money  on  this  condition  :  at  the  end  of  a 
twelvemonth  be  was  either  to  say   "of 

what   the  devil  made  his  eha 

give  Ins  bead  to  the  devil.     The 

fanner,    as    the     time    came    round,     hid 

I  in  ti ro 

the  wil  muled   from    all 

.Said  one  witch  to  another,  "  Von  km>w 
that  farmer  So-end-SO  has  sold   his   lead 

to  the  devil,  for  he  « ill  nev<  r  know 
of  what  the  devil  makes  his  chalice. 
In  fact,  1  don't   know   i:  ■•  Don't 

you  ?  "    said     the    other;    "  why, 
parings  of  Bnger-nsila  trimm- 

day.--."      The    farmer    WSjS   •■'•  erjoved,  and 
when    the   lime    came    round    was    quite 
ready  with  his  answer.— Rev,  W. 
ster,  Basque  71  (1*77). 

Devil's  Current  (The).   Part 
current  of  the  Bosph&niS  is  so  called  from 
a  rapidity. 

Devil's  Den,  a  cromlech  in   Vra- 

chute,  near  llarlbori  D 

Devil's  Dyke  (TV),  otherwiM 
called  (irim's  Dyke.  This  dyke  ran  from 
Newmarket  into  Lincolnshire,  and   was 

•  d  to  separate  M'-rria  from  the  1    ISt 

Part  of  the  southern  boundarv 

Of  llercia  (from  Hampshire  to  the  mouth 

of  the  Severn)  was  called  "Woden* 
Dyke,"  the  present  Wan'a  I>yke. 

1  my  drpth  mid  lirrnilth  to  itnuigalj  dotll 

I 
■  I  N\ 
>*  re  ilic  "l>c>il'«  l'i:rii"  it.  «  Ui .  ij  oai   I 

lira;  tun,  AJy.J.Wn.  xxL  {10£%. 

Devil's  Dyke,  Brighton 

One  day,  as  St.  Cuthman  was  walkin 

the  South    Downs,  and   thinking  to  him- 
self how  completely  he  had   i 
whole    country    fr 
accosted  by  his  sable  majesty  in  w 

'•  I  la,  ha  !  "   said  the  prince  of  dan 
'•  >o    \  on    think    by   these    churches    and 
convents   to    put    me   nnd    mine   to    youl 
ban  ;   do  VOU  1     Poor  fool  !    wl  ] 

aril]    I  sw  amp  the   whole  Inn 
■   ■■ 
thought    St.    Cuthman,    and    bus    him    !«i 

Dvke  House. 

"  I  love  you  well. 

'   God,   keep  lights   burning  St  the 

convent   rindowa  from  midnight  to  day- 


DEVIL'S  FRYING-PAN. 


260 


DIAMOND  JOUSTS. 


break,  and  let  masses  be  said  by  the  holy 
sisterhood."  At  sundown  came  the  devil 
with  pickaxe  and  spade,  mattock  and 
shovel,  and  set  to  work  in  right  good  earnest 
to  dig  a  dyke  which  should  let  the  waters  of 
the  sea  into  the  downs.  "  Fire  and  brim- 
stone !  " — he  exclaimed,  as  a  sound  of 
voices  rose  and  fell  in  sacred  song — "  Fire 
and  brimstone  !  What's  the  matter  with 
nie?"  Shoulders,  feet,  wrists,  loins,  all 
seemed  paralyzed.  Down  went  mattock 
and  spade,  pickaxe  and  shovel,  and  just 
at  that  moment  the  lights  at  the  convent 
windows  burst  forth,  and  the  cock,  mis- 
taking the  blaze  for  daybreak,  began  to 
crow  most  lustily.  Off  flew  the  devil, 
and  never  again  returned  to  complete  hi* 
work.  The  small  digging  he  effected 
still  remains  in  witness  of  the  truth  of 
this  legend  of  the  "  Devil's  Dyke." 

Devil's  Frying-Pan  {The),  a 
Cornish  mine  worked  by  the  ancient 
Romans.  According  to  a  very  primitive 
notion,  precious  stones  are  produced  from 
condensed  dew  hardened  by  the  sun. 
This  mine  was  the  frying-pan  where  dew 
was  thus  converted  and  hardened. 

Devil's  Parliament  (The),  the 
parliament  assembled  by  Henry  VI.  at 
Coventry,  in  1459.  So  called  because  if. 
passed  attainders  on  the  duke  of  York  and 
his  chief  supporters. 

Devil's  Throat  {The).  Cromer  Bay 
is  so  called,  because  it  is  so  dangerous  to 
navigation. 

Devil's  Wall  (The),  the  wall  sepa- 
rating England  from  Scotland.  So 
called  from  its  great  durability. 

Devonshire,  according  to  historic 
fable,  is  a  corruption  of  "  I  h  bon's-share." 
This  Del. on  was  one  of  the  companions  of 
Unite,  the  descendant  of  JLne'as.  He 
chased  the  giant  Coulin  till  he  came  to  a 
pit  ci^ht  leagues  across.  Trying  to  leap 
this  chasm,  the  giant  fell  backwards  and 
lost  his  life. 

.  .  .  Uiat  ample  pit.  yet  far  renowned 
For  the  great  Imp  which  Debon  did  compel 
Conlin  lo  make,  Iiein^:  elghl  luu>-  <>1  ground* 
Into  t lie  which  retournlng  buck  be  fell  .  .  . 
And  Debon's  share  waa  that  l--  Deronshlre. 

Spenser,  Faery  yuctui.  ii.  10  (1590). 

De'vorgoil  (Lady  Jarw),  a  friend  of 
the  Hazelwood  family. — Sir  YV.  Scott, 
Guy  ilannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Dewlap  (Dick),  an  anecdote  teller, 
whose   success  depended   more   upon   his 


physiognom y  than  his  wit.     His  chin  and 
his  paunch  were  his  most  telling  points. 

I  found  that  the  merit  of  his  wit  was  founder!  upon  the 
shaking  of  a  fat  punch,  and  the  tossing  up  of  a  pair  ul 
rosy  jowls. — Kichard  Steele. 

Dhu  (Evan),  of  Lochiel,  a  Highland 
chief,  in  the  armv  of  Montrose. 

Mhich-Connel  Dhu,  or  M'llduy,  aHigh- 
land  chief,  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Lejend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Dhul'dul,  the  famous  horse  rf  Ali, 
son-in-law  of  Mahomet. 

Dhu'l  Karnein  ("  the  tiro-homed"), 
a  true  believer  according  to  the  Moham- 
medan notion,  who  built  the  wall  to 
prevent  the  incursions  of  Gog  and  Ma- 
gog.— Al  Kuriin,  xviii. 

Commentators  say  the  wall  was  built  In  this  manner: 
The  workmen  dug  till  they  found  water;  and  having  hud 
the  foundation  of  stone  and  matted  hrass.  they  built  the 
superstructure  of  lanie  pieces  of  iron,  between  which  they 
I  nd  and  eon,  till  the  whole  equalled  the  height 
o!  the  mountain*  |o/.trmenia).  Theu  setting  fire  t>  the 
cornhnserbtnyand  by  the  u>e  of  Iwlluw*  they  made  theiror. 
red  hot,  and  pound  molten  brass  orer  to  fill  up  the 
interstices. — Al  lieidAwi. 

Dhu'lnun,  the  surname  of  Jonah  ; 
so  called  because  he  was  swallowed  by  a 
fish. 

Remcml>er  Dlmlnun.  when  he  departed  In  wrath,  and 
thongbt  that  we  could  not  eicrcue  our  power  orer  him.— 
ai  rutin.  iiL 

Diafoirus  ( Thomas),  son  of  Dr.  Dia- 
foirus. He  is  a  young  medical  milksop, 
to  whom  Argao  has  promised  his  daughter 
Angeliqne  in  marriage.  Diafoirus  pays  his 
compliments  in  cut-and-dried  speeches, 
and  on  one  occasion,  being  interrupted 
in  his  remarks,  says,  "  Madame,  vous 
m'avez  interrompu  dans  le  milieu  de  ma 
periode,et  cela  m'a  trouble'  la  me'moire." 
His  father  says,  "Thomas,  rescrvez  cela 
pour  une  autre  fois."  Angclique  loves 
Cleante  (2  syl.),  and  Thomas  Diafoirus 
goes  to  the  wall. 

II  n 'a  jamais  eu  I'lmaginatlon  bien  rive,  nl  ee  fen 
d'eaprlt  nu'on  rcmarque  dans  quelques  uns.  .  .  .  Lorsqu'i] 
BtaJl  petit,  il  n'a  jamais  etc  ce  qu'on  appclle  mievre  et 
eveille;  on  le  vi.yail  toujour*  duux.  paisrhle.  et  taciturno, 
r,e  disant  januu-  mot,  et  ne  jouaut  jamais  a  tous  cee 
petit*  jeul  que  ion  nomine  infantilis. — Molkre,  Lt 
JJalilde  hitagintlirc,  ii.  Ii  UtfTS). 

Di'amond,  one  of  three  brothers, 
sons  of  the  fairy  Agape.  Though  very 
strong,  he  was  slain  in  single  tight  by 
Cam'balo.  His  brothers  were  Priamond 
and  Tri'amond. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
iv.  (159G). 

Diamond  Jousts,  nine  jousts  insti- 
tuted by  Arthur,  ami  bo  called  because  a 
diamond  was  the  prize.  These  nine 
diamonds  were  all  won  by  sir  I^tuncelot, 
who   presented  them    to   the   queen,  bul 


DIAMOND  SWOIID. 


251 


DIBUTADES. 


Guinevere,  in  a  till*,  flung  them  into  the 
river  which  ran  by  the  palace. — Ten- 
nyson, Idylls  of  the  King  ('*  Elaine  "). 

Diamond  Sword,  a  magic  sword 
given  by  the  god  Syren  to  the  king  of 
the  Gold  Mines. 

She  gare  him  a  ivonl  made  of  one  entire  diamond,  that 
«.-ive  a»  (Treat  lustre  as  the  siiii. — t'ouituao  D'Awiuy.  fairy 
MM  ("The  Yellow  Dwarf."  168'J). 

Diamonds.  The  largest  in  the  world : 

Carat* 

(uncut).  Cut.  Hame. 

1680    *        Braganza 


Star  of  the  South 

OrlolT 
Florentine 


—  964 

—  194 

—  1^9i 

—  13*4 
•110  136| 
193J  lOSfa  Koh-1-noor 

—  86      Shah 

—  S'it    Pigott 


Potvuor. 
King  of  Portugal 
Rajab  of  Matt&u 
(Borneo) 

Qku  i if  Rnaala 
Emp.  "I  A  uBiria 
King  of  Portagal 
Kii  g  ot  Prussia 
Queen  of  England 
Czar  of  Russia 
Means.    Kundell 

and  Bridge 
Lord  Westminster 


112 


S-T 


Czar  of  Rumda 
Earl  of  Imdley 
Khedive    f  Egypt 


78  NaaMC 

671;  filne 

63  Saucy 

4  1 T  Dudley 

—      40  Pacha  of  Egypt 

%*  For  particulars,  see  each  under  its 
name. 

Diana,  the  heroine  and  title,  a  pastoral 
of  Montemayor,  imitated  from  the  Daph- 

Bii  and  67i/oeof  Longos  (fourth  century). 

Dian'a,  daughter  of  the  widow  of  Flo- 
rence with  whom  Ilel'enu  Lodged  on  hex 
way  to  theahrine  of  St.  Jacques  le  Grand* 
Count  Bertram    wantonly  loved    Diana, 

but  the  modest  girl  made  this  attachment 
the  means  of  bringing  about  a  reconcilia- 
tion between  Bertram  and  his  wife  Helena. 

—  Shakespeare,  AW*  Well  that  Ends  \\  ■  U 
Q698). 

Dian'a  de  Lascours,  daughter  of 

Balph  and  Louise  de  Laacours,  and   sister 

of  Martha,  a/uu  Ogarila.      Diana    was 

betrothed   to   Horace  de   Uridine,    whom 

■he  reaigna  to  Martha. — B.  Stirling,  The 

Orjih'tn  o/  the  Frozen  StQ  (1856). 

Dian'a  the  Inexorable.  (1)  She 
slew  Orion  with  one  of  her  arrows,  for 
daring  to  make  love  to  her.  (2)  She 
changed  Actaaon  into  a  stag  and  .-■ 

own  dogl  on  him  to  worry  him  to  death, 
e  he  chancnl  to  look  upon  her 
while  bathing.  (8)  She  shot  with  her 
arrows  the  six  Bona  and  six  daughb 
Niobe,  because  the  fond  mother  said  she 
was  happier  than  lettOna,  who  hail  only 
two  children. 

Ih.ua  MB  nioT.iila  ninilna. 

Il.ru.  .    1;.«1*.  «Mt 


Diana  the  Second  of  Salman, 
tin,  a  pastoral  r  Gil  Polo. 

••  We  will  pn  nrre  th.it  book. '  "m  mra- 

1  u  author."— Orrantee, 

Inn  <ju,j.,i.-.  1.  L  6  (160S). 

Diana  (the   T< 

;  antiquity, 

•  on  tire  by  1 1  <  i  •  •  -  r  r.i  t  >t  to  Lmmor- 
!ii-  name. 
Diana  of  tlie  Stage,  Mrs.  Anne 
Bracegirdle  (1663  1748). 

Dian'a's   Foresters,  "minion?  d 
n,"  "  Diana's knighta,"  etc.,  high- 
waymen. 

Mnrry.  then,  r»«t  was.  when  thou  art  king,  let  no* 
us  that  are  "  squires  of  Uie  otahtfi  l>-l)  "  be  raillow 
(MffM  .       •   I'-t   HI  )«.•  '    I 

-v.!c."  "mlnknu  of   the  moon.-'— Shakmpea™, 
1  Henry  I V.  act  L  sc.  2    . 

Diana's  Livery  (To  tcear),  to  be  a 
virgin. 

i  »r:c  twelve moons  more  shell  wear  Dlana'i  livery  : 
This  .  .  .  hath  she  rowed 

■  irv.  J-crietet  J-rinct  of  Tyrt.  act  11.  «c  5  (1608). 

Diano'ra,  wife  of  Gilberto  of  Friu'li, 

but    amorously    loved    by    AlUaldO.       In 

order  to  rid  herself  of  his  import, 
she  vowed  never  to  yield  to  his  suit  till 
he  could  ••  make  her  garden  at  midwinter 
as  gay  with  flowers  as  it  was  in  summer" 
(meaning  n»  v>  r).     Anaaldo,  by  the  ' 

a  magician,  accomplished  the  ap| 
task;  hut  when  the  lady  told  bim  her 
husliand  insisted  on  her  keeping  her 
promise,  Anaaldo,  not  to  be  outdone  in 
generosity,  declined  to  take  advantage 
of  his  claim,  and  from  that  day  forth 
was  the  tirm  and  honourable  friend  of 
Gilberto.     B  I 

The  Fhmtlin's  TcUeot  Chancer  i 

atantially   the    same    story.      (See    I >«. > 1 1 :  — 
GKN.) 

Diarmaid,  noted   for   his   "beauty 

Spot,"  Which  he  Covered  up  with  h: 

for  if  any  woman  chanci  .  I 

would  instantlv  fall  in  love  with  him. — 

Campbell,    2 

("  I  barmaid  and  Graim 

Diav'olo  (/■'•.:  .    M  Pezza,  in- 

surgent of  Calabria  (17( 
J-r.i  Diavolo  (libretto  1 

Dil>'    ■ 

Sir  W.   £  !.<jj-i/   (time, 

Ml.!. 

Dibti'tn 
Sicyon,    whose   daughter   traced   i 

wall    her   lover's    .-had 

the   light  of  n  lamp.     This.    I 

The 
fat!n  r  applied  t1  • 


B1CMA. 

pottery,  and  this,  it  is  said,  is  the  origin 
of  sculpture  in  relief. 

Will  the  arts  aver  have  a  lovelier  origin  than  that  (air 
daughter  of  Dibutades  tracing  the  beloved  shadow  on  the 
wall? — Ouida,  Aritulni,  L  6. 

DicaB'a,  daughter  of  Jove,  the  "ac- 
cusing angel  "  of  classic  mythology. 

Forth  stepped  the  just  Dicsa,  full  of  rage. 
Phineaa   Fletcher,  The  Purple  Jtiand.  vi.  (1S33). 

Dieeon  the  Bedlamite,  a  half- 
mad  mendicant,  both  knave  and  thief. 
A  specimen  of  the  metre  will  be  seen  by 
part  of  Diccon's  speech  : 

Many  a  myle  have  I  walked,  divers  and  sundry  wales, 
And  many  a  good  item's  house  bave  1  bin  at  in  my  dais  : 
Many  a  go&'p's  cup  in  my  tyme  have  I  tasted, 
And  many  a  broche  and  spyt  have  I  both  turned  and 

busted  .  .  . 
When  I  saw  It  booted  nit,  out  at  doores  I  hyed  mee. 
Ami  caught  a  slyp  of  bacon  when  I  saw  none  9pyed  mee. 
Which  I  Intend  not  far  hence,  unless  my  purpose  fa)  le, 
Shall  serve  for  a  sholng  burnt  to  draw  on  two  pots  of  ale. 
Liiccuii  the  Bedlamite  (155'J). 

Dicil'la,  one  of  Logistilla's  hand- 
maids, noted  for  her  chastity. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Dick,  ostler  at  the  Seven  Stars  inn, 

York. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Dick,  called  "The  Devil's  Dick  of 
Mi'llgarth  ; "  a  falconer  and  follower  of 
the  earl  of  Douglas. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maul  of  1'erth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Dick  (Mr.),  an  amiable,  half-witted 
man,  devoted  to  David's  "aunt,"  Miss 
Betsey  Trotwood,  who  thinks  him  a  pro- 
digious genius.  Mr.  Dick  is  especially 
mad  on  the  subject  of  Charles  I. — C. 
Dickens,  David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Dick  Amlet,  the  son  of  Mrs.  Amlet, 
a  rich,  vulgar  tradeswoman.  Dick  as- 
sumes the  airs  of  a  fine  gentleman,  and 
calls  himself  colonel  Shapely,  in  which 
character  he  gets  introduced  to  Corinna, 
the  daughter  of  Gripe,  a  rich  scrivener. 
Just  a3  he  is  about  to  elope,  his  mother 
makes  her  appearance,  and  the  deceit  is 
laid  bare  ;  but  Mrs.  Amlet  promises  to 
give  her  son  £10,000,  and  so  the  wedding 
is  adjusted.  Dick  is  a  regular  scamp, 
and  wholly  without  principle  ;  but  being 
a  dashing  young  blade,  with  a  handsome 
person,  he  is  admired  by  the  ladies. — Sir 
John  Vanbrugh,  The  Confederacy  (1695). 

John  Palmer  was  the  "Dick  Amlet,"  and  John  Ban- 
nister the  roguish  servant,  "Brass." — June* Smith  (lrwa, 

Dick  Shakebag,  a  highwayman  in 
the  gang  of  captain  Colepepper  (the 
Alsatian  bully). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
cf  Nijel  (time,  James  I.). 


252  DIEGO. 


Dickson  (Thomas),  fanner  at  Doug- 
lasdale. 

Charles  Dickson,  son  of  the  above, 
killed  in  the  church. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
Castle  Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Dieta'tor  of  Letters,  Francois 
Marie  Arouet  de  Voltaire,  called  th» 
"  Great  Pan  "  (1694-1778). 

Dictionary  (A  Living).  Wilhelm 
Leibnitz  (1646-1716)  was  so  called  by 
George  I. 

*„*  Longinus  was  called  "  The  Living 
Cyclopa?dia"  (213-273). 

*«*  Daniel  Huet,  chief  editor  of  the 
Dclphine  Classics,  was  called  a  Forcua 
Literarum  for  his  unlimited  knowledge 
(1630-17-21). 

Diddler  (Jeremy),  an  artful  swindler; 
a  clever,  seedy  vagabond,  who  borrows 
money  or  obtains  credit  by  his  songs, 
witticisms,  or  other  expedients. — Kenney, 
liaising  the  Wind. 

Diderick,  the  German  form  of  Theo- 
dorick,  king  of  the  Goths.  As  Arthur 
is  the  centre  of  British  romance  and 
Charlemagne  of  French  romance,  so 
Diderick  is  the  central  figure  of  the 
German  minnesingers. 

Didier  (Henri),  the  lover  of  Julie 
Lesurques  (2  syl.)  ;  a  gentleman  in  feel- 
ing and  conduct,  who  remains  loyal  t<» 
hia  fiancee  through  all  her  troubles. — Ed. 
Stirling,  T/ie  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Die.  "Ah,  surely  nothing  dies  but 
something  mourns  1  " — Byron,  Don  Jiutn, 
iii.  108  (1820). 

Die  Young  ( Whom  the  Gods  love).-- 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  iv.  12  (1824). 

of  ui  ticoi  <$n\ovotv  inroifvr)iTK€i  veoc. 

Menander.  FragmmU,  48  ("  Meh:eke"V 
And  what  excelleth  but  what  dieth  young* 

Iirummuiid  (1533-1649). 

Die'go,  the  sexton  to  Lopez  the 
"  Spanish  curate." — Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Sjxinish  Curate  (1622). 

Di  'jo  (Don),  a  man  of  60,  who  saw  a 
country  maiden  named  Leonora,  wbott 
he  liked,  and  intended  to  marry  if  her 
temj>er  was  as  amiable  as  her  face  was 
pretty.  He  obtained  leave  of  her  parents 
to  bring  her  home  and  place  her  under  a 
duenna  for  three  months,  and  then  either 
return  her  to  them  spotless,  or  to  make 
her  his  wife.  At  the  expiration  of  the 
time,  he  went  to  settle  the  marriag* 
contract ;  and,  to  make  all  things  sure, 
locked  up  the  house,  giving  the  keys  to 
Ursula,  but  to  the  outer  door  he  attached 


DIET  OF  PERFORMERS. 


iUMANCHE. 


a  hiiL'c  padlock,  and  put  the  key  in  his 

Eooket.  Leander,  being  in  love  with 
eonora,  laughed  at  locksmiths  and 
duennas,  ami  Diego  (2  syl.)  found  them 
about  to  elope.  Being  a  wise  man,  lie 
not  only  consented  to  their  anion,  bnt 
gave  Leonora  a  handsome  inarriage  por- 
tion.— I,  Bickerstaff,  The  Padlock. 

Diet  of  Performers. 

Hu.viiA.M  sang  on  bottled )><>rtcr. 

Cati.ey  (Miss)  took  Unseed  tea  and 
vuuleira. 

Uioke  (G.  F.)  drank  everything. 

1 1  i:\kkksd.n,  gum  arabic  and  sherry. 

Inci.kdon  sang  on  madeira, 

Jordan  (Mrs.)  drank  calces'-foot  jelly 
and  sherry. 

Kean  (C.)  took  beef-tea  for  breakfast, 
and  preferred  a  rump-steak  for  dinner. 

Kkan  (L'dm.),  Emery,  and  Reeve 
drank  cold  brandy-and-water. 

Kkmhle  (John)  took  opium. 

Lewis,  mulled  wine  and  oysters. 

Machkauy  used  to  eat  the  lean  of 
mutton-chops  when  he  acted,  and  subse- 
quently lived  almost  wholly  on  a  vege- 
table diet. 

Oxbkkuy  drank  tea. 

RUSSKLL  (Henry)  took  &  boiled  egg. 

Smith  (  \V.)  drank  coffee. 

Wood  (Mrs.)  sang  on  draught  porter. 

\Yhencii  and  IIaulet  took  no  refresh- 
ment during  a  performance.  —  W.  C. 
Kussell,  Representative  Actors,  272. 

Die'trich  (2  syl.).  So  Thcod'oric  the 
Great  is  called  by  t he  German  minne- 
singers. In  the  terrible  broil  stirred  up 
by  queen  Kriemhild  in  the  banquet  ball 
01  Et/cl,  Dietrich  interfered,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  I  lagan  and  the 
Burgundian  king  Gunther.  These  he 
handed  over  to  the  queen,  praying  her  to 
set  itit-in  free;  but  she  eat  On  both  their 

hoadi  with  bar  own  hands. —  The  Niebe- 

lungi-n  Lied  (thirteenth  century). 

Dietrich  (John),  a  labourer's  son  of 
Pomcrania.  Mo  spent  twelve  years 
under  ground,  wlicre  he  met  Elizabeth 
K  rabbin,  daughter  of  the  minister  of  his 
own  village,  Pamhin.  One  day,  walking 
together,  they  beard  a  cock  crow,  and 
an  irresistible  desire  came  over  both  of 

them    t"   visit  the   upper  earth.     John  so 

frightened  the  elves  by  a  toad,  that  they 

yielded  to  his  wish,  and  gave  him  boards 
of  wealth,  with  part  of  which  he  bought 
half  the    island   of     Rttgen.      He    married 

Elizabeth,  and  became  the  founder  of  a 
very  powerful,  family.   -Keightley,  Fairy 

Mythology.     (See  Taniiai  sku.) 


Dieu  et  Mon  Droit,  the  parole 
of    Richard    I.  at  the   battle   of    Gisors 

Diggory,  one  of  the  house-servants 
..berry  Hall.     B<  '  ruck, 

ho  inoculates  his  fellow*  I  ymoa 

and  Wat)  with  the  saa  In  the 

same   house   is   an   hein  Kitty 

Sprightly  (a  ward  of  sir  Gilbert  Pump- 
kin i.  also  stage-struck.  Diggery's  fa- 
vourite   character   was    "Alexander    the 

Great,"  the  son  of  "Almon."    One  day, 

playing  liomeo  and  Juliet,  he  turned  the 
oven  into  the  balcony,  but.  being  rung 
for,  the  girl  acting  "Juliet"  was  nearly 
roasted  alive,  (See  Dn v.) — J.  Jack- 
man,  Alt  the  World's  ■•  • 

Digges  (Miss  Maria),  a  friend  of 
lady  Penfeather  :  a  visitor  at  the  ^pn. — 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  St.  Ronon's  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Diggon  [Davie],  a  shepherd  in  the 
ShephearaVs  Calendar,  by  Bpenser.     He 
tells  Hobbinol   that  he  drove  bis 
into  foreign  lands,  hoping  to  l"i i».l 
pasture ;    but    he    was    amazed    at    the 
luxury  and  profligacy  of  the  shepherds 
whom   he    saw   there,   and    the   Wp 
condition    of    the    Hocks,     lie    re- 
the   Roman  Catholic  clergy,   and    their 
abandoned  mode  of  life.     Diggon  also 

tells   Hobbinol   a   long  story  about  Roffin 

(the  bishop  of  Rochester)  and  lus  watch- 
ful dog  Lander  catching  a  wolf  in  -  ■ 
clothing  in  the  fold. — Eel.  ix.  (Septem- 
ber, L672  or  1578). 

Diggory,  a  bam  labourer,  employed 
on  state  occasions  for  butler  and  f 
by   Mr.  and    Mrs.   Hardcastle,     He  i* 
both  awkward  and  familiar,  laughs  at 

his    master's    jokes    and    talks    to     his 

master's  guests  while  servii  •.  See 
Diggbrt.)— Goldsmith,  pi   to 

Conauer  (1773). 

try  (Father),  one  of  the  monks  of 
St.    Botolph'a    Priory..— Sir    W. 
■  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Dill  or  Ane'thum.  The  seeds  are 
warm,  strong-smelling,  and  aromatic, 

,.l.r  w.irkirm  .1111  lip  gtlm  .   .  . 
«  iu\nr  *  nlrr  ill  «-•.— 

Drayton.  /'oiyo.Mon.  nil.  UMSl 

Dimaneho  (Mons.),  a  dun.    Ifona, 

DimanchC,  ■  tradesman,  applies  to  'loa 
Juan    for   money.      Hon   Juan   trials   him 

with  all  Imaginable  courtesy,  but 

time    I  to    business 

Interrupts  him  with  some  such  q 

.  niche  1 


DIN. 


264 


DINER-OUT,  ETC. 


or  Et  votre  petite  fille  Claudine,  comment 
Be  porte-t-elte  '  or  Le  petit  Colin,  fi'-t-il 
toujuurs  bien  <ln  bruit  avec  son  tambour  1 
or  Et  votre  petit  chien  Brusquet,  gronde- 
t-il  toujuurs  auBsi  fort  .  .  .7  and,  after  a 
time,  he  says  he  is  very  sorry,  but  he 
must  say  good-bye  for  the  present,  and 
he  leaves  Moris,  without  his  once  stating 
the  object  of  his  call.  (Sec  Shdfflb- 
TON.) — Molierc,  Don  Juan  (1005). 

Din  (  The),  the  practical  part  of  Islam, 
containing  the  ritual  and  moral  laws. 

Dinah  [Friendly],  daughter  of  sir 
Thomas  Friendly.  She  loves  Edward 
Blushington,     "the     bashful   man,"    and 

becomes  engaged  to  him. — W.  T.  Mon- 
crieir',  The  Bashful  Man. 

Pinah,    daughter    of    Sandie    Lawson, 
landlord    of    the    Spa    hotel. — Kir    W, 
Scott,   St.   Iionan's    Well   (time,  <■■ 
III.). 

Di'nah  (Aunt)  leaves  Mr.  Walter 
Shandy  £1000.  This  sum  of  money,  in 
Walter's  eye,  will  suffice  to  carry  out  all 
the  wild  schemes  ami  extravagant  fanciet 
that  enter  into  bis  head. — Sterne,  Tris- 
tram Shandy  (17.V.I). 

Dinant',  a  gentleman  who  once  loved 

and  still  pretenda  to  love  Lamlra,  the 

wife    of  Champernel. — Beaumont    and 

Fletcher,  The    Little    French    J 
(1647). 

Dinarza'de  (4  if//.),  sister  of  Sche- 
herazadl  sultana  of  Persia.      Dinarzade' 

was  instructed  by  her  sister  to  wake  her 

every  morning  an  hour  before  daybreak. 

and  say,  "  Sister,  relate  to  me  one  of 
those  delightful  stories  you  know,"  cr 
11  Finish  before  daybreak  the  story  you 
began  yesterday."  The  sultan  got  in- 
terested in  these  talcs,  ami  revoked  the 
cruel  determination  he  had  made  of 
strangling  at  daybreak  the  wife  he  had 
married  the  preceding  night.  (See  SCHK- 
iikkazadi:.) 

Dinas  Emrys  or  "  Fort  of  Am- 
brose" (i.e.  Merlin),  on  the  Brith,  a 
part  of  Snowdon.  When  Vortigern  built 
this  fort,  whatever  was  constructed 
during  the  day  was  swallowed  up  in  the 
earth  during  the  night.  Merlin  (then 
called  Ambrose  or  Embres-Guletic)  dis- 
covered the  cause  to  be  "  two  Berpents 
et  the  bottom  of  a  pool  below  the  foun- 
dation of  the  works."  These  serpents 
were  incessantly  struggling  with  each 
Other  ;  one  was  white,  and  the  other  red. 
The  white  serpent  at  first  prevailed,  but 


ultimately  the  red  one  chased  the  other 
out  of  tlic  pool.  The  red  serpent,  he 
said,  meant  the  Britons,  and  the  white 
one  the  Saxons.  At  tirst  the  Saxon* 
(or  white  serpent)  prevailed,  but  in  the 
end  "our  people"  (the  red  serpent)  "shall 
chase  the  Saxon  race  bevond  the  sea." — 
Nennius,  History  of  the  Britons  (842). 

And  from  the  t*'p  of  Iiri'.h.  so  high  and  wondrous steep 
Where   Dliuu  Juiiris  stood,   showed  where  the  serpent! 

The  white   that  tore   the  red,  for  whence  the  prophet 

tui^ht 
The  Unions'  sad  decay. 

Drayton,  PolyelMon,  x.  (1«I). 

Dine  with  Democritos  (To),  to 
be  choused  out  of  your  dinner. 

A  "  Barmecide  feast"  is  no  feast  at 
all.  The  allusion  is  to  Barmecide,  who 
invited  Sehacabae  to  dine  with  him,  and 
set  before  him  only  empty  plates  and 
dishes,  pretending  that  the  "  viands  " 
were  most  excellent.    (See  Bakmkcidb.) 

Dine  with  duke  Humphrey 
(To),  to  have  no  dinner  to  go  to.  The 
duke  referred  to  was  the  son  of  Henry 
IV.,  murdered  at  St.  Edmundabury,  ami 

buried  at  St.  Alban's.  It  was  generally 
thought  that  he  was  buried  in  the  nave 
Paul's  Cathedral;  but  the  monu- 
ment supposed  to  be  erected  to  the  duke 
was  in  reality  that  of  John  Beauchamp. 

Loungers,  who  were  asked    if  they  wero 

not  going  home  to  dinner,  and  those  who 

tarried  in  St.  Paul's  after  the  general 
crowd  had  left,  were  supposed  to  be  BO 
busy  looking  for  the  duke's  monument 
that  they  disregarded  the  dinner  hour. 

Dine  with  Mahomet  (To),  to  die. 
Similar  to  the  classic  phrase,  "To  sup 
with  Pinto." 

Dine  (or  Sup)  with  sir  Thomau 
Gresham,  to  have  no  dinner  or  supper 
to  go  to.  At  one  time  the  Royal  Exchange 
was  the  common  lounging-place  of  idlers 
and  vagabonds. 

Tho'  little  coin  thy  purscless  pockets  line. 

Vet  uul:  iprtol  fi'iiipnny  thou'rt  taken  up  ' 
Fur  often  with  duke  Humphrey  Uiou  dost  dine. 

And  of*<-r.  with  sir  Thomas  Gresham  sup. 

tlaynuiii.  /.>iyram  M  u  Loafer  (1636). 

Dine  with  the  Cross-Legged 
Knights  [To),  to  have  no  dinner  to  go 
to.  Lawyers  at  one  time  made  appoint- 
ments with  their  clients  at  the  Hound 
Church,  and  here  a  host  of  dinnerlesa 
vagabonds  loitered  about  all  day,  in  the 
hope  of  picking  up  a  few  pence  for  littli 
services. 

Diner-Out  of  the  First  Water 


DIN  EVA  WK 


2.r>5 


DIONYSIUS. 


the  Rev.  Sidney  Smith  ;  so  called  by  the 
Quarterly  Review  (1769-18  15). 

Din'evawr  (8  syl.)  or  Dixas  Vawb 
{"great  palace"),  the  residence  of  the 
king  of  South  Wales,  built  by  Khodri 
Mawr. 

I  was  the  guest  of  Uhy's  at  Dinevawr, 

And  there  the  tiding!  round  me.  tli.it  our  sire 

Was  gathered  to  his  fathers. 

Suuthey,  itadoc,  i.  3  (1805). 

Dingle  {Old  Dick  of  the),  friend  of 
Hobbie  Elliott  of  the  Heugh-foot  farm.— 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Dingwall  (Davie),  the  attorney  at 
Wolf's  Hope  village. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time,  William 
III.). 

Dinias  and  Dercyllis  {The  Wan- 
derings, Adventures,  and  Laves  of),  an 
old  Greek  novel,  the  basis  of  the  romance 
of  Antonius  Diog'enGs  in  twenty-four 
books  and  entitled  Incredible  Things 
beyond  Thule  [  Ta  Iluper  Thoulen  Apista] , 
a  store-house  from  which  subsequent 
writers  have  borrowed  largely.  The 
work  is  not  extant,  but  Photius  gives  an 
outline  of  its  contents. 

Dinmont  (Dandy,  i.e.  Andrew),  an 
eccentric  and  humorous  store  farmer  at 
Charlie's  Hope,  lie  is  called  "  The  Fight- 
ing Dinmont  of  Liddesdale." 

Ailie  Dinnwnt,  wife  of  1  >andy  Dinmont. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time, 
Ccorge  II.). 

%*  This  novel  has  been  dramatized  by 
Daniel  Terry. 

Dinner  Bell.  Burke  was  so  called 
from  his  custom  of  speaking  so  long  as 
to  interfere  with  the  dinner  of  the  mem- 
bers (1729-1797). 

Dinnerless  (The)  are  said  to  sit  at 
a  "Barmecide  feast;"  to  "dine  with 
duke  Humphrey;"  "to  dine  with  sir 
Thomas  Gresham;"  to  "dine  with  De- 
niocritos."  Their  hosts  arc  said  to  be  the 
cross-legged  knights. 

Diocle'tian,  the  king  and  father  of 
Krastus,  who  was  placed  under  the  charge 
of   the   "seven  wise   masters"    (Italian 

i        ui). 

In  the  French  version,  the  father  is 
called  "  Dolop'athos." 

Diog'onea  (1  syl.),  the  negro  slave 
of  the  cynic  philosopher  Michael  Age- 
last  es  (1  syl.). — Sir  W.  Bcott,  Cfitxt 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufns). 

Diouiode  (3  syl.)  fed  his  horses  on 


human  flesh  and  he  was  him.-.li  eaten  Ira 
his  horse,  being  thrown  to  it  by  Her- 
cules. 

Dion   (Lord),   father  of   Euphra'sia. 

Euphrasia  is  in  love  with  I'hilaster.  heir 
to  the  crown  of  Messi'na.  Disguised 
as  a  page,  Euphrasia  assumes  the  name 
of  Bellario  and  enters  the  service  of 
Philaster. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Phi- 
laster  or  Love  Lies  a-bleeding  (163C 

(There  is  considerable  resemblance 
between  "Euphrasia"  and  "Viola"  i'i 
Sliakespeare's  Twelfth  Night,  K114.) 

Dionae'an  Cresar,  Julius  Caesar, 
who  claimed  descent  from  Venus,  called 
DiOne  from  her  mother.  /Eneas  was 
son  of    Venus  and  AnchisGs. 

Eccc,  Dloiuci  nrocessit  C:esaris  astrum. 

Virgil,  I'clvjua,  ix.  47. 

Dio'ne  (3  syl.),  mother  of  Aphro- 
dite ( Venus),  Zeus  or  Jove  being  the 
father.  Venus  herself  is  sometimes 
called  Dione. 

Oh  hear  .  .  .  thy  treisure*  to  the  green  recess. 
Where  roong  I>i<>n<?  strays  ,  with  iweeteat  aire 
Entice  her  furtli  to  lend  her  angel  forta 
For  beauty's  honoured  una  ■■ 
Akenside,  Pltaturtt  o/  Imagination,  L  (lr-MT. 

Dionys'ia,  wife  of  Cleon  governor 
of  Tarsus.  Pericles  prince  of  Tyre 
commits  to  her  charge  his  infant  daughter 
Mari'na,  supposed  to  be  motherless. 
When  11  years  old,  Dionysia,  out  of 
jealousy,  employs  a  man  to  murder  her 
foster-child,  and  the  people  of  Tarsus, 
hearing  thereof,  set  tire  to  her  house,  and 
both  Dionysia  and  Cleon  are  burnt  to 
death  inthenames. — Shakespeare,  Peridot 
Prince  oj  'Tyre  (1608), 

Dionys'ius,  Lyrant  of  Syracuse,  de- 
throned  Evander,  and  imprisoned  him  in 
a  dungeon  deep  in  a  huge  rock,  int.  [ 

to  Btarve  him  to  death.  Bat  Euphrasia, 
having  gained  access  to  him,  red  him 
from  her  own  breast.  Timoleon  invaded 
Syracuse,  and  Dionysius,  seeking 
in  a  tomb,  saw  there  Evander  the  d< 
king,  and  was  about  to  k'!l  him,  when 
Euphrasia   rushed    forward,   struck    the 

tyrant    to  the    hi  art,  and   he    fell   dead   at 

her    feet.  —  A.    Murphy,    71 
r  (1772). 

*#*  In  this  tragedy  there  are  several 
gross    historical    errors.        In    act    i.    the 

author  tells  us  it  was  Dionyniu 
Elder  who  was  dethroned,  and  went  in 
exile  to  Corinth  ;  but  tin-  elder  I  >ionysioj 
died  in  Syracuse,  at  the  age  of  ''■■>,  and 
it  was  the  younger  Dionysius  who  was. 
ied    uj     rimoleon,   and    went  to 


DIONYSIUS. 


256 


DISTAFFINA. 


Corinth.  In  act  v.  he  makes  Euphrasia 
kill  the  tyrant  in  Syracuse,  whereas  he 
was  allowed  to  leave  Sicily,  and  retired 
to  Corinth,  where  he  spent  his  time  in 
riotous  living,  etc. 

Dionys'ius  [the  Elder]  was  appointed 
sole  general  of  the  Syracusian  army,  and 
then  king  by  the  voice  of  the  senate. 
Damon  "  the  Pythagore'an  "  opposed  the 
appointment,  and  even  tried  to  stab  "  the 
tyrant,"  but  was  arrested  and  condemned 
to  death.  The  incidents  whereby  he  was 
saved  are  to  be  found  under  the  article 
Da'mon  (q.v.). 

Damon  and  Pythias,  a  drama  by  R. 
Edwards  ( 1  />7 1 ) ,  and  another  by  John 
Ilanim,  in  1825. 

Dionys'ius  [the  Younger],  being 
banished  from  Syracuse,  went  to  Corinth 
and  turned  schoolmaster. 

Corinth's  pedagogue  hath  now 

Trauiferml  hij  byword  \tyrani]  to  thy  hrow. 

liyron,  Ode  to  Sa^oleon. 

Dionysius  the  Areopagite  was 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Areopagite 
when  St.  Paul  appeared  before  this 
tribunal.  Certain  writings,  fabricated  by 
the  Deo-platoniciaofl  in  the  tifth  century, 
were  falsely  ascribed  to  him.  The  Iso- 
dtfrian  Decretals  is  a  somewhat  similar 
forgery  by  Mentz,  who  lived  in  the  ninth 
century,  or  three  hundred  years  after 
Isidore. 

The  error  of  those  doctrines  so  vicious 
Of  tbe  old  Areopagite  Dtonytlo*. 

Longfellow,  The  OuUlen  Legend. 

Dionysius's  Ear,  a  cave  in  a  rock, 
72  feet  high,  27  feet  broad,  ami  219  feet 
deep,  the  entrance  of  which  "  resembled 
the  shape  of  an  ear."  It  was  used  as  a 
guard-room  or  prison,  and  the  sentinel 
could  hear  the  slightest  whisper  of  the 
prisoners  within. 

Dioscu'ri  (sons  of  Zens),  Castor  and 
Pollux.  Generally,  but  incorrectly,  ac- 
ctnted  on  the  second  syllable. 

Dioti'ma,  the  priestess  of  Mantineia 
in  Plato's  Symposium,  the  teacher  of 
Soc'ratC'S.  Her  opinions  on  life,  its 
nature,  origin,  end,  and  aim,  form  the 
nucleus  of  the  dialogue.  Socrates  died 
of  hemlock. 

Beneath  an  emerald  plane 
Sits  Plotlma,  teaching  him  that  died 
Of  hemlock. 

Tennyson,  The  Princctt,  HI. 

Diplomatists  (Prince  of),  Charles 
Maurice  Talleyrand  de  Perigord  (1754- 
1838). 


Dipsas,  a  serpent,  so  called  because 
those  bitten  by  it  suffered  from  intoler- 
able thirst.  (Greek,  dipsa,  "thirst.") 
Milton  refers  to  it  in  Paradise  Lost,  x. 
526  (1665). 

Dipsodes  (2  syl.),  the  people  of 
Dipsody,  ruled  over  by  king  Anarchus, 
and  subjugated  by  prince  Pantag'ruel  (bk. 
ii.  28).  Pantagruel  afterwards  colonized 
their  country  with  nine  thousand  million 
men  from  Utopia  (or  to  speak  more 
exactly,  9,876,543,210  men),  besides 
women,  children,  workmen,  professors, 
and  peasant  labourers  (bk.  iii.  1). — Rabe- 
lais, Pantay'ruel  (1545). 

Dip'sody,  the  country  of  the  Dip- 
sodes (2  syl.),  q.v. 

Dircae'an  Swan,  Pindar;  so  callea 
from  Diree,  a  fountain  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Thebes,  the  poet's  birthplace 
(h.c.  518-442). 

Dirlos  or  D'Yrlos  (Count),  a 
paladin,  the  embodiment  of  valour,  gene- 
rosity, and  truth.  He  was  sent  by 
Charlemagne  to  the  East,  where  he  con- 
quered Aliar'de,  a  Moorish  prince.  On 
his  return,  he  found  his  young  wife 
betrothed  to  Celi'nos  (another  of  Charle- 
magne's peers).  The  matter  was  put 
right  by  the  king,  who  gave  a  grand 
feast  on  the  occasion. 

Dirty  Lane,  now  called  Abingdon 
Street,  Westminster. 

Dirty  Linen.  Napoleon  I.  said, 
"  11  faut  laver  sa  linge  en  famille." 

Disastrous  Peace  (The),  the  peace 
signed  at  Cateau-Cambre'sis,  by  which 
Henri  II.  renounced  all  claim  to  Geu'oa, 
Naples,  Mil'an,  and  Corsica  (1559). 

Dis'mas,  the  penitent  thief  ;  Gesma* 
the  impenitent  one. 

Imparilms  meritis  pendent  tria  corpora  ramU ' 
Disnai  St  Oesmas,  media  est  Dlvina  k'otestas; 
Alta  petit  Diana*,  infelbl  iuhma  Gesnuu; 
Nos  ct  res  nostras  conserrel  Sumina  I'olestas, 
Hos  versus  dicas,  ue  V-i  furlo  tua  jwnlas. 

A  Latin  CVsrn. 

Disney  Professor,  a  chair  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  founded  by 
John  Disney,  Esq.,  of  The  Hyde,  Ingate- 
stone,  for  Archeology  (1851). 

Distaffi'na,  the  troth-plight  wife  of 
general  liombastes  ;  but  Artaxa.ninous, 
king  of  Utopia,  promised  her  "half  a 
crown  "  if  she  would  forsake  the  general 
for  himself — a  temptation  too  great  to  be 
resisted.  When  the  general  found  him- 
self jilted,  he  retired  from  the  world,  hung 


PISTAFF'S  DAY. 


257 


DIVIXA  C0MMED1A. 


np  his  boots  on  the  branch  of  a  tr. 
dared  any  one  to  remove  them.  The  kin;,' 
cut  the  boots  down,  anil  t lie  general 
cut  the  king  down.  Fusbos,  coming  np 
at  this  crisis,  laid  the  genera]  prostrate. 
At  the  close  of  tin;  burlesque  all  l lie 
dead  men  jump  up  and  join  the  dance, 
promising  "to  die  again  to-morrow,"  if 
the  audience  desires  it. — W.  13.  Khodes, 

Bombcutea  Furioto  (lTi'O). 

KalliriK  on  one  knee,  he  put  Imth  hands  on  hU  heart 
ind  roll*. I  i]|tlilie)i^.  liiurh  iifler  the  tiutuuerof  lkiuitxutel 
t'urluau  uuiking  love  Uj  i>iaLul)in&. —  K.  PjiSMt 

DistafF*S  Day  ( St.),  January  7  ;  so 
Balled  because  the  Christmas  festivities 
terminate  on  "Twelfth  Day,"  and  on  the 
clay  following  the  women  used  to  return 
to  their  distaifs  or  daily  occupations. 

%•  Also  called  Rook  ZAty.  because 
M  rock  "  is  another  name  for  a  distalf. 

Distance.  "  'Tis  distance  lends  en- 
chantment to  the  view." — Campbell, 
Pleasures  of  Hope,  i.  (1799). 

Distressed  Mother  (77k*),  a  tragedy 
by  Ambrose  Philips  (1712).  The  "dis- 
tressed  mother"  is  Androm'aehe,  the 
widow  of  Hector.  At  the  fall  of  Troy 
she  and  her  son  Asty'anax  fc  11  to  the  lot 
of  Pyrrhus  king  of  Eplrus,  Pyrrhna  fell 
in  love  with  her  and  wished  to  marry  her, 
but  the  refused  him.  At  length  an  em- 
bassy from  Greece,  hejided  by  Orestds, 
son  of  Agamemnon,  was  sent  to  Eplrus 
to  demand  the  death  of  Astvanax,  lest  in 
manhood  he  might  seek  to  avenge  bis 
father's  death.  Pyrrhus  told  Andro- 
mache he  would  protect  her  son,  and 
defy  all  Greece,  if  she  would  consent  to 
marry  him;  and  she  yielded.  While  the 
marriage  rites  were  going  on,  the  Greek 
embassadors  fell  on  Pyrrhus  and  mur- 
dered   him.     As    he    fell    he    placed    the 

crown    on   the    head    of    AndromachS. 
who  thus  became  queen  of  Epirus,  and 

the     Greeks     hastened      tO     their     ships     ill 

iliu'ht.   This  play  is  an  English  adaptation 
of  Kacine's  Anaronutqtm  (1667). 

Ditchley  (Oaffer),  one  of  the  miners 
employed  by  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril. — Sir 

W.    Scott,    J'lTcrii   of    the    Peak    (time, 
I'harles  II.). 

Dithyrambic  Poetry  (Father  of), 
Anon  of  Lesbos  (H.  ii. c  628). 

Ditton  (Thomat),  footman  of  the 
Kcv.  Mr.  Btaanton,  of  Willingham  Rec- 
t.ry. — sir  W.  Sc.tt,  /,',  tri  /  Midlotkkm 

Hum-,  (ieotge  11.). 

Divan  (7V),  the  rapreme  council  and  [ 


court  of  justice  of  the  caliphs.  Ths 
abbas-ides  always    sat    in    pi  rs'.n   in   this 

court  to  aid  in  the  redress  of  wroo 

■.an  "  from   the  benches 
covered     \s  itli     cnshionj     on     which     the 

members  sat.  —  D'llerbelot,  Btt&iotkiqm 

Orientate,  298. 

Dive  \deev\,  a  demon  in  Persian 
mythology.  In  the  mognl's  palace  at 
Lahore,  there  used  to  be  several  pictures 

of  these  dives  (1  syt.),  with  long 
staring  eyes,  shaggy  hair,  great  fanj/s, 
ugly  paws,  long  tails,  and  other  horrible 
deformities.  I  remember  seeing  thrtn 
exhibited  at  King's  College  in  one  of  the 
soirees  given  there  after  the  Indian 
Mutiny. 

Diver  {Colonel),  editor  of  thi 
York  Rowdy  Journal,  in   America.     His 

air  was  that  of  a  man  oppressed  by  ■ 
sense    of    his    own    gr.  id    his 

physiognomy  was  a  map  of  cunning  and 

conceit. — C.  Dickens,  martin  Chut 
(1844). 

Di'ves  (2  tyl.),  the  name  popularly 
given  to  the  "rich  man"  in  our  Lord's 
parable  of  the  rich  man  and  La/arus ;  it) 
Latin,  I'iics  ct  Lazarus. — Luke  xvi. 

Divide  and  Govern,  a  maxim  of 

Machiavelli  of  Florence  (1469-1527). 

Divi'na  Comme'dia,  the  first 

of  note  ever  written  in  the  Italian  lan- 
guage. It  is  an  epic  by  I 'ante  Alighie'ri, 
and  is  divided  into  three  parts  :  Hell, 
Purgatory,  and  Paradise.     Dante1  called 

because  thfl  ending  is  happy; 
and     his    countrymen    added         » 
divine trOTD  admiration  of  the  poem.     The 
poet    depicts  a    vision,    in    which    he    is 
conducted,  tirst  by  Virgil  (human  r  i 

through  hell  and  purgatory  ;  and  then  1  y 
Beatrice  (n  od   finauj   ey  St. 

Bernard    through    'be    several    h< 
where  be  beholds  the  Triune  God. 

"  Hell  "    is    repi  -    a    funnel- 

shaped  hollow,  formed  of  gradual.- 
t  radio.,'   circles,  the    lowest    and    s 
of  which  is  the  earth's  centre.      (See    I»- 
1  i  RKO,    II 

••  Purgatory "    is    a    mountain    • 

Solitarily  f r.  in   the  ocean  on 

rub  w hoh  is  opposite  to  us.     It  is 
divided  into  t.  rr ■  •  top  is  tl* 

terrestrial     ;   .  Set    I'ikuatokt, 

. 

From    this   "top"   the    pod    ascends 

wena. 

.    trs,  and  the  •'primum  mobile, 


DIVINE. 

to  the   empyre'an  or  seat  of  God.     (See 
Paradise,  13J1.) 

Divine  (The),  St.  John  the  evangelist, 
called  "John  the  Divine." 

Raphael,  the  painter,  was  called  // 
Divino  (1483-1520). 

Luis  Morales,  a  Spanish  painter,  wa3 
called  El  Di.vino  (1509-1586). 

Ferdinand  de  Herre'ra,  a  Spanish  poet 
(1516-1595). 

Divine  Doctor  (The),  Jean  de 
Ruysbroek,  the  mystic  (1294-1381). 

Divine  Speaker  (The).  Tyr'timos, 
jsually  known  as  Theophrastos  ("divine 
speaker "),  was  so  called  by  Aristotle 
(B.O.  370-287). 

Divine  Right  of  Kings.  The 
dogma  that  Kingsoan  do  no  wrong  is  based 
on  a  dictum  of  Hincinar  archbishop  of 
Rheims,  viz.,  that  "kings  are  subject  to 
no  man  so  long  as  they  rule  by  God's 
law." — Hmcmar's  Works,  i.  093. 

Divining  Rod,  a  forked  branch  of 
hazel,  suspended  between  the  balls  of  the 
thumbs.  The  inclination  of  this  rod 
indicates  the  presence  of  water-springs 
and  precious  metals. 

Now  to  rivulets  from  the  mountains 
Point  the  rods  of  fortane-laUen. 

Longfellow,  Drinking  Hong. 

%*  Jacques  Aymar  of  Crole  was  the 
most  famous  of  all  diviners.  He  lived  in 
the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century 
and  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth.  His 
marvellous  faculty  attracted  the  attention 
of  Europe.  M.  Chauvin,  M.D.,  and 
M.  Gamier,  M.D.,  published  carefully 
written  accounts  of  his  wonderful  powers, 
and  both  were  eye-witnesses  thereof. — 
See  S.  Baring-Gould,  Myths  of  the  Middle 
Ayes. 

Divinity.  There  are  four  professors 
of  divinity  at  Cambridge,  and  three  at 
Oxford.  Those  at  Ccanoridge  are  the 
Hul'sean,  the  Margaret,  the  Norrisian, 
and  the  Regius.  Those  at  Oxford  are 
the  Margaret,  the  Regius,  and  one  for 
Ecclesiastical  History. 

Divi'noLodov'ico,  Ariosto,  author 
of  Orlando  Furioso  (1474-1533). 

Dixie's  Land.,  the  land  of  milk  and 
honey  to  American  niggers.  Dixie  was 
b  slave-holder  of  Manhattan  Island,  who 
removed  his  slaves  to  the  Southern 
States,  where  they  had  to  work  harder 
and  fare  worse  ;  so  that  they  were  always 
■ighing  for  their  old  home,  which  they 


258  DOCTOR. 


called  "Dixie's  Land."  Imagination  and 
distance  soon  advanced  this  island  into  a 
sort  of  Delectable  Country  or  land  of 
Beulah. 

Dixon,  servant  to  Mr.  Richard  Vera 
(1  syl.).— Sir  W.  Scott,  TJie  Black  Dwarf 
(time,  Anne). 

Dizzy,  a  nickname  of  Benjamin  Dis- 
raeli, earl  of  Beaconsfield  (1805-        ). 

DjaTbal,  son  of  Youssof,  a  sheikn, 
and  saved  by  Maii'ui  in  the  great  massacre 
of  the  sheikhs  by  the  Knights  Hospitallers 
in  the  Spo'rades.  He  resolves  to  avenge 
this  massacre,  and  gives  out  that  he  is 
Hakeem',  the  incarnate  god,  their  founder, 
returned  to  earth  to  avenge  their  wrong  j 
and  lead  them  back  to  Syria.  His  im- 
posture being  discovered,  he  kills  him- 
self, but  Loys  [/.o'.i'ss],  a  young  Breton 
count,  leads  the  exiles  back  to  Lebanon. 

Pjabal  is  Hakeem,  the  incarnate  Dread. 
The  phantasm  khalif,  king  of  Prodigies. 
Roliert  browning.  The  JUturn  of  the  Imuct,  I. 

Djin'iiestan',  the  realm  of  the  djinn 
or  genii  of  Oriental  mythology. 

Dobbin  (Captain  afterwards  Colonel), 
son  of  sir  William  Dobbin,  a  London 
tradesman.  Uncouth,  awkward,  and  tall, 
with  huge  feet ;  but  faithful  and  loving, 
with  a  large  heart  and  most  delicate  ap- 
preciation. He  is  a  prince  of  a  fellow, 
is  proud,  fond  of  captain  George  Osborne 
from  boyhood  to  death,  and  adores  Amelia, 
George's  wife.  When  she  has  been  a 
widow  for  some  ten  years,  he  marries 
her. — Thackeray,   Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

Dobbins  (Humphrey),  the  confi- 
dential servant  of  sir  Robert  Bramble  of 
Blackberry  Hall,  in  the  county  of  Kent. 
A  blunt  old  retainer,  most  devoted  to  his 
master.  Under  a  rough  exterior  he  con- 
cealed a  heart  brimful  of  kindness,  and 
so  tender  that  a  word  would  melt  it. — 
(ieorge    Colman,     The    Fuor    Gentleman 

(18l)2). 

Dobu'ni,  called  Bodu'ni  by  Dio  ;  the 
people  of  Gloucestershire  and  Oxford- 
shire. Drayton  refers  to  them  in  hia 
Fotyolbion,  xvi.  (1613). 

Doctor  (The),  a  romance  by  Sou- 
ther. The  doctor's  name  is  Dove,  an<* 
his  horse  "  Nobbs." 

Doctor  (The  Admirable),  Roger  Bac  o 
(1214-1292). 

The  Arujeltc  Doctor,  Thomas  Aquinas 
(1224-1274;,  "  fifth  doctor  of  the  Church." 

The  Authentic  Doctor,  jregory  of 
i    Rhxijn  (*-13o7). 


DOCTOKS  OF  THE  CHURCH. 


DOD< 


7V    Diriric   Doctur,    Jean    Kuysbroek 
(1294   : 

/  ■■../■    tor,  Antonio  An- 

drea* c   i 

itio  Doctor,  Jean   Kuvsbroek 
(1294   i 

.  Peter  Aureolus, 
archbishop  of  Aix  (foorteentfa  century). 

The   Evangelical  Doctor,  J.    Wycuffe 
(1824-1884). 
The  Blumimatad  Doctor.  Raymond  Lolly 

L816),  or  Mosi  Enlightened  I 
The  I  I  odor,  William  Occam 

(1278-1847). 

The    Irrefragable     Doctor,    Alexander 
HaK-.s  (*-12 

Mcllijluous   Doctor,    St.    Bernard 
(1091-1168). 

y/it,'  Ifonl    Christian   Doctor,    Jean    de 
(,      on  (1868  1429). 

The    Must     Methodical    Doctor,    John 

:  (♦-13-17). 
The  Meet   Profound  Doctor,  £gidiua 
dr  Columns  (*-1816). 

,  Dnrand  de 
Bt  P  mi  i    1882). 

The  J  Walter  Hur- 

ley (fourteenth  century). 

The  Profound  Doctor,  Thomas    Brad- 
wardine  (*-  L849). 

istic  Doctor,  Anselm  of  Laos 
(1060  1117). 

The  Seraphic  Doctor,  St.  Bonaventnra 
(1221-1274). 

The  Siwjular  Doctor,  William    Occam 
(1276-1847). 

M    Doctor,  Ilenrv    Goethals 
(1227-1298). 

lite  Solid   Doctor,  Richard   Middleton 
(•-I304). 

I    .  Duns  Scotus(1266- 
.  or  Most  Subtle  Doctor. 
The  Thorough  Doctor,  William   Varro 

(thirteenth  century). 

The  ■•,  Alain    de   T.ille 

(lilt   1208);  Thomas  Aquina 

William    de 
I  (•   1126). 

/Egidini 
Bon 

The  \\  i     I'    I  '-,  John  Herman  v. 
I  189). 

terful  Dock  r,   Re  ■  r  Bacon 
I. 

Doctors    of  tho    Church.     The 
Church    recognizi  -   four    dod  »rs, 
rig.,  St  Athanlsia 

8  .    John   Chn  u 
The   Lata   • 

Imbroea,  ami 
•e-U. 


(For  all  rs,  »ee  und<  - 

proper  name  oi  nickname.) 

Doctor's  Tale  (  The),   in   Chaucer's 

Virginiua  given  by  Livy.     This  it 
told  in   French  in  the  I 
ii.    74,   and   l>y    Gower    in    hin    Oonfeewio 

'. 
of  a  host  of  tragedies :  lor  example,  in 
French,    M  . 

Campestron  1 1683)  ;    (  habai 
Lahari  ■ 

Guiraud  (1827) ;  Latoui 
In    Italian,    Altieri    (1784) ;   in  Q 

■  (1776)  ;  and  in 
(1829). 

Doctor's  Wifo  (The),  a  non 
Hiss    Braddon,  adapted    from    3, 
,  a  French  novel. 

Dod^'i'  I  ''   ''  Artful),  the   sobriquet 
of   .lack     Hawkins,     an    artful,    thievish 
young  scamp,  in  the  l  oy  en  •• 
the  Jew  villain. — C  Dick  ens, 

viii.  (  !- 

Dodinpton,  on    in- 

vokes  in  his   Summer,  is    George    Bnbb 
Dodington,  lord  >!■  British 

nan.     Churchill  and  Pope  ridiculed 
him,  while   Hogarth  introduced  him  in 
his  picture  called  the  "Ord( 
■ 

Dod'ipoll    (Dr.),  any  man  of  weak 
intt  lie  • 

■  >ll,  meaning  "  D 
at  all." 

Dodman  or  Doddiman.    A  snail 
is  so  called  in  the  eastern  counties. 

"  I'm  a  ragUr  dodman,  I  am 

meant  "«uOL"  — C.  Dkkaua,  Air,.. 

■an,  doddbnao,  ptit  oot 
Kur  bi 

Dodoil    or    rather   ]  > 
i  Dutch  bol 
sician  to  th(  • 
Rodolph  II.     His  wt'ks  are  / 

uninum  //.  I 
. 
Stirpium    //..>.'    .  i  ;    all    included    under 

Plan) 

DrajrUm.  /•ulru;&*.n    ■ 

Dodo'ni 

mOSl      an. nent       01  I     I 

old    woman 
thf   tirvek   word 


DODS. 


2C0 


ptlia  means  either  "old  women"  or 
"pigeons."  According  to  fable,  Zeus 
gave  his  daughter  Tbebe  two  black 
pigeons  endowed  with  the  gift  of  human 
speech:  one  Hew  into  Libya,  and  gave  the 
responses  in  the  temple  of  Amnion  ;  the 
other  into  Epiros,  where  it  gave  the  re- 
sponses in  Dodona. 

"We  are  told  that  the  priestess  of  Dodona 
derived  her  answers  from  the  cooing  of 
the  sacred  doves,  the  rustling  of  the 
sacred  trees,  the  bubbling  of  the  sacred 
fountain,  and  the  tinkling  of  bells  or 
pieces  of  metal  suspended  among  the 
(tranches  of  the  trees. 

And  Dodona'a  oak  swung  lonely 
Henceforth  to  the  tempest  only. 

Mrs.  Browning.  Head  ran.  17. 

Dods  (Meg),  landlady  of  the  Clachan 
or  Mowbery  Arms  inn  at  St.  Roman's  ( lid 
Town.  The  inn  was  once  the  manse, 
and  Meg  Dods  reigned  there  despotically, 
but  her  wines  were  good  and  her  cuisine 
excellent.  This  is  oneof  the  best  lowcomic 
characters  in  the  whole  range  of  fiction. 

8he  had  hair  or  a  brindled  colour,  betwixt  black  and 
grey,  which  was  ant  to  escape  in  e  f  lot  k-  from  under  her 
mutch  when  she  was  thrown  into  violent  dotation  ;  long 
skinny  hands  terminated  by  stout  batons,  Kr.-y  eras,  thin 
lips.  :i  robust  person,  abroad  though  hi  ebetl 
wind,  and  a  voice  that  could  match  a  choir  of  nsBWomaa. 
—Sir  W  Scott,  St.  Banam'l  H'eU,  L  (Uine.  George  ML). 

(So  good  a  housewife  was  this  eccentric 
landlady,  that  a  cookery-book  has  been 
published  bearing  her  name;  the  authoress 
is  Mrs.  Johnstone,  a  Scotchwoman.) 

Dodson,  a  young  farmer,  called  upon 
by  Death  on  his  wedding  day.  Death 
told  him  he  must  quit  his  Susan,  and  go 
with  him.  "With  you!"  the  hapless 
husband  cried  ;  "young as  I  am,  and  un- 
prepared?" Death  then  told  him  he 
would  not  disturb  him  yet,  but  would 
call  again  after  giving  him  three  warn- 
ings. When  he  was  80  years  of  age,  Death 
called  again.  "  So  soon  returned?"  old 
Dodson  cried.  "  You  know  you  promised 
me  three  warnings."  Death  then  told  him 
that  as  he  was  "lame  and  deaf  and  blind," 
he  had  received  his  three  warnings. — Mrs. 
Thrale  [Piozzi],  The  Three  Warnings. 

Dodson  and  Fogg  (Messrs.),  two 
nnprincipled  lawyers,  who  undertake  on 
their  own  speculation  to  bring  an  action 
against  Mr.  Pickwick  for  "breach  of 
promise,"  and  file  accordingly  the  famous 
suit  of  "  Bardell  v.  Pickwick." — C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers  (183G). 

Doe  (John)  and  Richard  Roe,  the  fic- 
titious plaintiff  and  defendant  in  an  ac- 
tion of  ejectment.     Men  of  straw. 


DOG. 

Doeg,  Saul's  herdsman,  who  told  hiin 
that  the  priest  Abim'elech  had  supplied 
David  with  food  ;  whereupon  the  king 
sent  him  to  kill  Abimelech,  and  Doeg 
slew  priests  to  the  number  of  four  score 
and  five  (1  Samuel  xxii.  13).  In  pt.  ii. 
of  the  satire  called  Absalom  and  Achito- 
phel,  Elkaneh  Settle  is  called  Doeg, 
because  he  "fell  upon"  Dryden  with  his 
pen,  but  was  only  a  "  herdsman  or  driver 
of  asses." 

Doeg,  tho"  without  knowing  how  or  why 
Made  still  a  blundering  kind  of  melody  . 
Let  him  rail  on  .  .  . 
But  if  he  jumbles  to  one  line  of  sense. 
Indict  him  of  a  capital  offence.  ^ 

Tate,  AUaJom  and  Acttitophel,  II.  (1H81).* 

Dog  (Agrippa's).  Cornelius  Agrippa 
had  a  dog  which  was  generally  suspected 
of  being  a  spirit  incarnate. 

Arthur's  bug,  "  Cavall." 

Dog  of  Belgrade,  the  camp  duttler, 
was  named  "  Clumscy." 

I.i-rd  llyron's  Dog,  "  Boatswain. •'  It  was 
buried  in  the  garden  of  Newsttad  Abbey. 

Dog  of  Catherine  de  Medicis,  "  Phoebe," 
a  lap-dog. 

CuthuTlin's  Dog  was  named  "  Luath,"  a 
swift- footed  hound. 

Dora's  Dog,  "  Jip." — C.  Dickens,  David 


Uis's  Dog,  "Luffra." — Lady  of  the 
Lake. 

Erigone's  Dog  was  "Mcera."  Erigone" 
is  the  constellation  Virgo,  and  Mcera  the 
star  called  Canis. 

Kurytiun's  Dog  (herdsman  of  Geryon), 
"  Orthros."     It  had  two  heads. 

Fingal's  Dug  was  named  "  Bran." 

Ger gun's  Dogs.  One  was  "Gargittos" 
and  the  other  "Orthros."  The  latter  was 
brother  of  CerbSros,  but  it  had  only  two 
heads.  Hercules  killed  both  of  Geryon's 
dogs. 

Landseer's  Dcxg,  "  Brutus."  Introduced 
by  the  great  animal  painter  in  his  picture 
called  "The  Invader  of  the  Larder." 

Llewellyn's  Dog  was  named  "  Gelert  ;  " 
it  was  a  greyhound.     (See  Gelekt.) 

Lord Lurgun  s  Du<g  was  named  "Master 
M'drath,"  from  an  orphan  boy  who 
reared  it.  This  dog  won  three  Waterloo 
cups,  and  was  presented  at  court  by  the 
express  desire  of  queen  Victoria,  the  very 
year  it  died.  It  was  a  sporting  grey- 
hound (born  18(36,  died  Christmas  Dav, 
1871). 

Maria's  Dog,  "Silvio." — Sterne,  Sent*, 
mental  Journey. 

Dog  of  Mcntargis.  This  was  a  dog 
named  "  Dragon,"  belonging  to  Aubri  de 
Montdidier,    a    captain    in    the    French 


DOG.  261 


army.     Aubri  fit  murdered  in  the 
of     Bondy      by    hi*     friend,    lieutenant 
Macaire,  in  I  iimnt.     After  us 

r'a  death]  the  doc  showed  such  a 
strange  aversion  t"  Macaire,  thml  suspicion 
was  aroused  against  him.    Some  say  be 
ra  pitted  annul  the  dog,  and  conl 
the  crime.     I  found 

on  him,  and  the  sword-knot   waa  I 
nized  by  Urralaai  her  own  work  and  girt 
tu  Auliri.     Thia  Macaire  then  coi 
the  crime,  and  his  accomplice,  lieutenant 
Landry,  tr>  Log  t  i  ed  by 

the  dog  and  bitten  to  death.  This  story 
has  been  dramatized  both  in  French  nnd 
Bhglish. 

i's  Dog*}  one  was  named  "Are- 
toph'onos  "  and  the  other  "  Pto-ophago8.n 
/,  "Toby." 

flSr  W.  Silt's  Dogs.     Hi-*  deer-hound 
was  "  Maida."     His  jet-black  greyhound 
■  Hamlet."     lie  bad  also  two  Dandy 
Dinmont  terriers. 

.   "  Katmir." 
It  spoke  With  n  human  I 

In  Bleary*a  cin  I  inning  dog 

is    called    " Merryleya."      ('.    Dickens, 

11  (in I    i 

(ForAetsson's  flfty  do 

of  l'hrasc  and  Fabtet  234.) 

The  famous  mount   St.    /■' 
dog  which  saved  forty  human  beings,  was 
named    "Barry."    The  stuffed   skin  of 

this   mdilc   creature   is    preserved    in    the 

museum  at  Berne. 

/■  '  (The),  Diogenes  the  cynic  (b.c. 
3).  When  Alexander  encountered 
him,  the  young  Macedonian  kin;,'  intro- 
duced himseif  with  the  words,  "1  am 
Alexander,  surnamed  'the  Great.'"  To 
which  the  philosopher  replied,  "And  1 
am  Di<  ..imed  'the  Dog.'"    The 

Athenians   raised  to  liis  memory  a   pillar 
of  Parian  marhle,  surmounted  with 
sad  hearing  the  following  inscription  : — 

"  Sejr,  d-K.  whnt  inianl  rim  In  that  l.ui.li?" 
A  .1  I      ■  II  "  Prom  Urt" 

Ufa  a.  lab  tilt  li.im-1" 
The  uuue;  now  docui,  fcmohe' Uie  alar*  a  aur. 

/>"■/ (T.'ir  /o'llus  the  gram- 

marian ;  so  called  for  his  snarling,  captious 
criticisms  on  lion  1  lsoycrst£s. 

lie  was  contemporary  with  Philip  of 
Maoadon. 

Dog's  NoSO,  pin  and  DC*  r. 

Cold  .m  a  </"•/'*  •. 

Tb«ra  ipnini  »  leak  In  Nnnh'i  »rk. 

And  l. 

t    IS7I 


DOILET. 

Dogs   wei  I  by  the  ancient 

•mien' 
II   they   might   he    et\+- 

ruled. 

'  I'ulinln  remaJnj  In   (he   bill  .  .  .  fail 
*«'  «rr  >  Art  tf...i  ttikm. 

my    bir-liaired    *un.   l.i    ki.ui    diun&l 1-     .~-.-- 

7Vm-/ra,  ». 

Doge.    The  tw< 

S'/l.)    were    turned    into    little    black 

in_'  /iilicule  and  "the  [Tin.  e"  itiU 
IBBIDB.) 

Dogs  of  War,  Famine,  Sword,  and 

Fire. 

Thru  alirail.l  the  warlike  llirry.  like-  hlmeelf, 
Leaihnl  in  I.k.   1...1  ii  !-    riaonld  I  and  Ftri 

BhAkc^ejv.  King  J/rnry  T.  1  rhonM  (lSWk 

Dog-headed    Tribes    (of    India), 
mentioned    in    the    Italian    romance    of 

0  ><<  rfn 

Dog-roso  (Greek,  a).    S* 

called  :  .re  the 

bite  nf  mad  d 

A  nana  faro  it.',  o/  «  mail  dog]  unkum  rrroedkaaa 

Ma 
ie|  «>piorr*..i    i 

Dogberry   and   Verges,   tv. 
norant  cone 

mutilate    tlieir    v.  D    •'  calls 

treason  "  ne 
calls  perjury ;  "calumny"  t. 
alary  ;     "  condemnation," 
"  res|  •  When  i 

"Awayl  you  are  an  ass ; "  Dogberry  tells 

the  town  clerk    to   write   him    down   "  sa 

liciala, 
"remember  I  am  an  ass."    "ohUiati 
had  been  u  rit  down  an  ass!"  (act  i\ 
—Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  about  A 
(1600). 

Dogget,  wardour   at    the   castle:   of 
Betrothed  (time,  [levy  II.), 

Dogget's  Cont    nnd   Badge,  the 
great  prize  in  the  1  ban  ■  u<  h, 

given  on  thi  -.    So 

called  from  Thomas   I  >•  .."•'•.  an  :. 
Drury  Lane,  who « 

1.  to  the  t'  Dually 

■  rman'a    coat    and    ba 
winner  of   the  i 

1  my  add  a  guinea  to  the  : 

Do:  I  an),  a  ci; 

i  r.      lii ■  i  .    I*.*  . 

«  without 

to  have 
"a  lamed  skollard  for  bis  iph  in  law." 


DOLL  COMMON. 


262 


DOLON  AND  ULYSSES. 


He  speaks  of  jomtry  [geometry],  joklate, 
jogrify,  Al  Mater,  pinny-forty,  and  anti- 
kary  doctors  ;  talks  of  Scratchi  [Gracchi], 
Horsi  [Horatii],  a  study  of  horses,  and  so 
on.  Being  resolved  to  judge  between  the 
rival  scholarship  of  an  Oxford  pedant 
and  a  captain  in  the  arm}',  he  gets  both 
to  speak  Greek  before  him.  Gradus,  the 
scholar,  quotes  two  lines  of  Greek,  in 
which  the  word  panta  occurs  four  times. 
"  Pantry  !  "  cries  the  old  slop-seller ; 
''you  can't  impose  upon  me.  I  know 
pantry  is  not  Greek."  The  captain  tries 
English  fustian,  and  when  Gradus  main- 
tains that  the  words  are  English,  "  Out 
upon  you  for  a  jackanapes,"  cries  the 
old  man;  "as  if  1  din't  know  my  own 
mother  tongue  !  "  and  gives  his  verdict  in 
favour  of  the  captain. 

Elizabeth  Doiley,  daughter  of  the  old 
Blop-seller,  in  love  with  captain  Granger. 
She  and  her  cousin  Charlotte  induce  the 
Oxford  scholar  to  dress  like  a  beau  to 
please  the  ladies.  By  so  doing  he  dis- 
gusts the  old  man,  who  exclaims,  "  Oh 
that  I  should  ever  have  been  such  a  dolt 
as  to  take  thee  for  a  man  of  larnen' ! "  So 
the  captain  wins  the  race  at  a  canter. — 
Mrs.  Cowley,  Who's  the  Dupe  f 

Doll  Common,  a  young  woman  in 
league  with  Subtle  the  alchemist  and 
Face  his  ally. — B.  Jonson,  T/ie  Alchemist 
(1G10). 

Mrs.  Prttchard  T1711-1768]  could  pass  from  "lady  Mac- 
beth "  to  "  Doll  Common." — Leigh  Hunt 

Doll  Tearsheet,  a  "bona-roba." 
This  virago  is  cast  into  prison  with  Dame 
Quickly  (hostess  of  a  tavern  in  East- 
cheap),  for  the  death  of  a  man  that  they 
and  Pistol  had  beaten. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  IV.  (1598). 

Dollallolla  {Queen),  wife  of  king 
Arthur,  very  fond  of  stiff  punch,  but 
scorning  "  vulgar  sips  of  brandy,  gin, 
and  rum."  She  is  the  enemy  of  Tom 
Thumb,  and  opposes  his  marriage  with 
her  daughter  Huncamunca ;  but  when 
Noodle  announces  that  the  red  cow  has 
devoured  the  pigmy  giant-queller,  she 
kills  the  messenger  for  his  ill  tidings, 
and  is  herself  killed  by  Frizaletta.  Queen 
Dollallolla  is  jealous  of  the  giantess 
Glundalca,  at  whom  his  majesty  casts 
"  sheep's  eves." — Tom  Thumb,  bv  Fielding 
the  novelist  (1730),  altered  by  O'Hara, 
author  of  Midas  (1778). 

Dolla  Murrey,  a  character  in 
Crabbe's  Boruwjh,  who  died  playing 
•mrds. 


"  A  vole  !  a  vole  1 "  she  cried ;  "  'tis  fairly  won." 

This  said,  she  gently  with  a  single  sigh 

Died. 

Crabbe,  Borough  (1810V 

Dolly  of  the  Chop-house 
(Queen's  Head  Passage,  Paternoster  Row 
and  Newgate  Street,  London).  Her  cele- 
brity arose  from  the  excellency  of  her 
provisions,  attendance,  accommodation, 
and  service.  The  name  is  that  of  the  old 
cook  of  the  establishment. 

The  broth  reviving,  and  the  bread  was  fair, 
The  small  beer  grateful  and  as  pepper  strong. 
The  beaf-steaks  tender,  and  the  pot-herbs  young. 

Dolly  Trull.  Captain  Macheath 
says  she  was  "  so  taken  up  with  stealing 
hearts,  she  left  herself  no  time  to  steal 
anything  else." — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera, 
ii.'l  (1727). 

Dolly  Varden,  daughter  of  Gabriel 
Varden,  locksmith.  She  was  loved  to 
distraction  by  Joe  Willet,  Hugh  of  th«» 
Maypole  inn,  and  Simon  Tappertit. 
Doily  dressed  in  the  Watteau  style,  and 
was  lively,  pretty,  and  bewitching. — C. 
Dickens,  Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Dolman,  a  light-blue  loose-fitting 
jacket,  braided  across  the  front  with 
black  silk  frogs,  and  embroidered  from 
the  cuffs  almost  to  the  shoulders  with 
gold  lace  of  three  rows  interwoven.  It  is 
used  as  the  summer  jacket  of  the  Al- 
gerian native  troops.  The  winter  jacket 
is  called  a  "  pelisse." 

Dol'on,  "  a  man  of  subtle  wit  and 
wicked  mind,"  father  of  Guizor  (groom 
of  Pollen te  the  Saracen,  lord  of  "  Par- 
lous Bridge  ").  Sir  Ar'tegal,  with  scant 
ceremony,  knocks  the  life  out  of  Guizor, 
for  demanding  of  him  "passage-penny" 
for  crossing  the  bridge.  Soon  afterwards, 
Brit'omart  and  Talus  rest  in  Dolon's 
castle  for  the  night,  and  Dolon,  mistak- 
ing Britomart  for  sir  Artegal,  sets  upon 
her  in  the  middle  of  the  night,  but  is 
overmastered.  He  now  runs  with  his  two 
surviving  sons  to  the  bridge,  to  prevent 
the  passage  of  Britomart  and  Talus ;  but 
Britomart  runs  one  of  them  through  with 
her  spear,  and  knocks  the  other  into  the 
river. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  6  (1596). 

Dol'on  and  Ulysses.  Dolon  under- 
took to  enter  the  Greek  camp  and  bring 
word  back  to  Hector  an  exact  account  of 
everything.  Accordingly  he  put  on  a 
wolf's  skin  and  prowled  about  the  camp 
on  all  fours.  Ulysses  saw  through  the 
disguise,  and  said  to  Diomed,  "  Yonder 
man  is  from  the  host  .  .  .  we'll  let  him 
pass  a  few  paces,  and  then  pounce  on  him 
unexpectedly."     They    soon   caught   the 


doi.oiw  ros. 


M 


DOMINIE  SAM! 


fellow,  and  baring  ' '  pinn  j.  .1  "  out  of 
him  all  about  tin-  Trojan  plans,  and  the 
arrival  i  I  Kh<  u,  Diomi  I  Quote  him 
with  his  falchion  on  the  mid-neck  and 
slew  him.    Thia  is  1 1 1 «-  subject  of  bk.  x. 

of  the  Wad,  and  therefore  thia  1 k  ia 

eailed  "  Dolonia"  (•■  the  deeda  of 
Dolon")  <>r  "DQlophon'ia"  ("Dolon's 
murder  "). 

•    >•**■  wl.l-Uo 
.'.o  «llnntl  p>»>r  Doioo. 

,,  OM  Ju.it>.  mi.  1"'>  (1834). 

Dolopa'tos,  the  Sicilian  king,  who 
placed  bia  son  Lucien  under  the  charge 
lasb  r~."  When  grown 
tn  man's  estate,  Lucien's  step-mother 
made  improper  advances  to  him,  which 
he  r.  puleed,  and  ahe  accuaed  him  t<>  the 
king  of  insulting  her.  By  astrology  the 
prince  discovered  thai  if  he  could  tide  over 
•even  days  his  lift  would  be  saved  ;  BO 
the  «!>•'  masters  amuaed  the  kin^  with 
and  the  king  relented.  The 
prince  himself  then  tola  a  tale  which 
embodied  hia  own  history  ;  the  03  ea  of  the 
abut  were  opened,  and  the  queen  was  con* 

■i    tn  death. — LJandaUir's    J  1 
(French  version). 

Dombey  (Jfr.).  a  purae-proud,  self- 
contained  London  merchant,  Living  in 
Portland  Place.  BryanBtone  Square,  with 

offices  in  the  City.     His  god  was  wealth; 
and  bia  one  ambition  waa  to  hav< 
that  the  firm  might  be  known  a--  "  Dom- 
bey and   sun."     When   Paul   waa  born, 
Ins    ambition    was    attained,    hia  whole 
heart  was  in  the  boy,  and  the  loaa  of  the 
t  waa  hut  a  small   matter.    The 
hoy's  death   turned  hia   heart   i" 
mid  he  treated  Ins  daughter  Florence  not 
only  with  utter  indifference,  but 
actual  interloper.     Mr.  Dombey  married 
a  hecond  time,  but  Ins  wife  eloped  with 
his  manager,  Jan  ad  the  proud 

spirit  of  the  merchant  was  brought 
1  n  of  Mr.   Doml 

delicate,    sensitive   little  boy,  mute  un- 
equal :  >  him. 
tie  w  1                                          -I,  but 
i\c  way  umUr  the  itrain  of  school 
line.     In  hia  short  life  he  w 

I    all  w  ho  knew  him,  and  hi  f 

•  cially  attached  to  him. 
Ilia  death  ia  beautifully  told.     Dui 
haimtfid  by  ! 
■  .ways    wondering  what    thi 

r 

Fi  •     .  Mr.        I  • 

d*u«!iter ;    a    pretty,    amiable,    n 

-.lid,     who     in 

ba'red    bccao'M  -he    lived    and    thrived 


■ 
and    d  to   b* 

but     her     • 

mid   win  u    Mr.    I  ■ 
.spirit    by    thi 

hia  grandchildn 

-._,<  ii/«J 
8cm  {It 

Dom-Danicl    originally    meant    a 
public 

j    but  what  1 

by  the   word    is   that   in  djlish- 

nietit,   mar    1  unis,    undl 

.    by    llal-ii 

graby,  and  1 

ui  entrant  ■  1  which  liaJ 

gnomes,  and 
expected  to  d"  I 

.     J  e.ir    to     /   .' 

Daniel  was  utterlj  I  by  prince 


Habed-il-Rouman, 

■ 
■■  "). 

1>oIU-1 ' 

in    fact,  Thalaba    t.ii  • 
Habed-U-Rouman ;  but 

dents     of    the     t« 

■ 

Domestic  Poultry,  in  Di 
Hind  and  Panther,  mean  the  1. 
Catholic  clei  U  d  from  an 

lishment  of  priests  in  the  privab 
Whitehall.     '1  he  iniib  a 
partlet  w  uh  the  b 

Dominic  >  fryar,"  • 

kind    ol 

immoral,  Licentious  dominican.  n 
money  would  prostituU  •  burch 

and    Holy    ScnptU 
l.oreii/o    in   hi5  amour   with 

iu  irnlknuii  .  .  .  t  « 

1 

•    •  wcia  a 

>**  ft-r*r.  u.  s 

Dom'iiii 

. 

kill  all  the  child 

■ 

ild,      k.  v.  \s .  \\  ,  1  iter,    I 

. 
1 1 

mum   1-  Alii,      lie  in  l!ie  tulur  al 


DoanNioiK. 


264 


DON  I C  A. 


gowan  House,  very  poor,  very  modest, 
and  crammed  with  I^atin  quotations.  His 
constant  exclamation  is  "  Prodigious  !  " 

Dominie  Sampson  l»  a  poor,  modest,  humbl*  Kliolnr, 
who  bad  won  lm  »aj  through  the  classa*.  tut  ' 
the  leeward    In  the  vo)atce  of  life.— Sir    W.  Scott,  Guy 
Man'ieriiiy  (tinn',  George  11.1. 

Dom'inique  (3  syl.),  the  gossiping 
old  footman  of  the  Franvals,  who  fancies 
himself  quite  fit  to  keep  a  secret.  He  is, 
however,  a  rcallv  faithful  retainer  of  the 
family.— Th.  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (17H.r>). 

Domitian  a  Marksman.  The 
Mnperor  Domitian  wil  bo  cunning  a 
marksman,  that  if  a  hoy  at  a  good 
distance    off    held     up     his     hand     and 

stretched   his   fingers  abroad,  be  could 
Khoot  through  the  spaces  without  touch- 
ing the   imv's  band   or    any   one    of    his 
i>i  I     I  i.i. i.,    for   many   similar 

markemen.)— Peaehaa,  CempUt*  Q 
turn  (1627). 

Domizia,  a  noble  lady  of  Floi 
greatly  embittered  against  the   republic 
for  its  ha.se  ingratitodfl  to  her  two  brothers, 
Poreio  and  Hi  rt<>,  whose  death  she  hoped 

to  rc\ I 

I  ain  a  daughter  of  the  Trarentari. 

h  .  .  . 
1  knew  that  Klnriiiic.  thnl  could  doubt  their  faith, 
Mu  :  neadi  ml  trial  a  ttrmnc  r'< ;  holding  bark 
lit  ward  fiont  Ok-iii,  mu  t  h.  1.1  lark  lib  reward. 

l.i'l.U   Browning,  Luria,  lit 

Don  Alphonso,  son  of  a  rich  hanker. 
In  lnve  with  Victoria,  the  daughter  of  don 

Bcipio  ;  but  Victoria  marries  dun  Fer- 
nando. Loren/a,  who  went  by  the  name 
<it  Victoria  t\>r  a  time,  and  in  the  person 
don  AlphftfUW  meant  t(i  marry,  espouses 
dun  Cesser.—  -( I'Kcctc,  Cattle  of  indahuta, 
*m*  For  other  dons,  see  under  the  cur- 
name. 

Donacha  dhu  na  Dunaigh,  the 
Highland  robber  near  Roeeoeath.—  Bit  W. 
Bcott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Donald,  the  Bcotch  steward  of  Mr. 
Mordent,  Honest,  plain-spoken,  faith- 
ful, and  unflinching  in  his  duty. — Hol- 
eroft,  1'he  Deterttd  Ihtnjhter  (altered 
into  The  Steward). 

Duiudd,  an  old  domestic  of  MacAulay, 
the  Highland  chief. — Sir  W.  Scott,  1 
$f  Montrom  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Donald  of  the  Hammer,  son  of 
the  laird  of  Inveruahyle  of  the  Weal 
Highlands  of  Scotland.  When  Green 
Colin  assassinated  the  laird  and  his  house- 
hold, the  infant  Donald  was  saved  by  his 


foster-nurse,  and  afterwards  brought  up 
by  her  husband,  a  blacksmith.  He  be- 
came so  strong  that  he  could  work  fur 
hours  with  two  fore-hammers,  one  in  chcIi 
hand,  and  was  therefore  called  Donuil  mm 
Onl.  When  he  was  21  he  marched  with 
a  few  adherents  against  Green  Colin,  and 
slew  him,  by  which  means  he  recovered 
his  paternal  inheritance. 

Donald  of  the  ■nuthjr.  th*  "aon  of  the  hammer." 
Filled  the  banks  of  Lochawe  with  mourning  and  clanio>ir 
Quoted  b)  ilr  Walter  Scott  In  Tula  of  a  Grant- 
father.  L  3n. 

Donar,  same  as  Thor.  the  god  of 

thunder  among  the  ancient  Teutons. 

Donation  of  Pepin.  When  Pepin 
red  Ataulf  (Adol|ihus),  the  ex- 
archate of  Kavcnna  tell  into  his  hands. 
Pepin  gave  the  pope  both  the  SX-archatf 
and  the  republic  of  Kome  ;  and  this 
munificent  gift  is  the  world-famous 
M Donation  of  ivpin,"  on  winch   nsosd 

the  whole  Babric  01  the  temporal  power  sf 
the  Dopes  lA.i'.  756).  VictOt  Emmanuel, 
kinj;   of    Italy,   dispossessed  the   POM  of 

hit  temporal  sovereignty,  and  added  the 

ra|>al    states   to   the    united    kingdom    of 
buy,  over  which  he  reigned  (1870). 

Dondasch',  an  Oriental  giant,  con- 

i  try  with  Beth,  t«>  whose  service  he 

was  attached,     lie   needed  no  weapons, 

because  he  could  destroy  anything  by  his 

muscular  f< 

Don'cpild  (3  syl.),  the  wicked  mother 
of  Alia  king  of  Northumberland.  Mating 
Custanoe    I  was    a   Christian, 

Id  set  lit  r  adrift  with  her  infant 
son.  When  Alia  retained  from  Scotland, 
and  discovered  this  act  of  cruelty,  he  put 
his  mother  to  death  ;   then  going  to  Koine 

on  a  pilgrimage,  met  his  wife  and  child, 
who  bad  been  brought  there  a  little  time 
previously, — Chat  ronrw    Taie$ 

("The  .Man  of  Uw's  Tale,"  1 

Don'et,  the  first  grammar  put  into 
the  hands  of  scholars.  It  was  that  of 
l>ona'tu9  the  grammarian,  who  taught 
in  Rome  in  the  fourth  century,  and  was 

the   preceptor    of    St.   Jerome.      When 

"Gmunde  Amour"  was  sent  to  study 
under  lady  Gramer,  she  taught  him,  as 
he  says ; 

Vlr*t  my  donet.  and  then  my  aoredenrr. 
8.  Have*.  The  I'tutim*  a]  I'lfure,  t.  (time,  Henry  VII  I. 

Doni'ca,  only  child  of  the  lord  of 
Ar'kinlow  (an  elderly  man).  Young 
F.bYrhard  loved  her,  and  the  Finnish 
maiden  was  betrothed  to  him.  Walking 
one  evcuiug  by  the  lake,  Donlca  heard 


DONNERHUGEL. 


266 


DOKAX. 


the  sound  of  the  death-spectre,  and  fell 
lifeless  in  the  arms  of  her  lover.  Presently 
the  (lend  maiden  received  a  supernatural 
vitality,  but  her  cheeks  were  wan,  her 
lips  livid,  her  eyes  lustreless,  and  her 
lap-dog  howled  when  it  saw  her.  Eber- 
hard  still  resolved  to  marry  her,  and  to 
ahurch  they  went ;  but  when  he  took 
Donica's  hand  into  his  own  it  was  cold 
HDd  clammy,  the  demon  fled  from  her, 
and  the  body  dropped  a  corpse  at  the  feet 
J>f  the  bridegroom. — R.  Southey,  Donica 
p.  Finnish  ballad). 

Donnerhu'gel  (Rudolph),  one  of  the 

Swiss  deputies  to  Charles  "the  Bold," 
•iuke  of  Burgundy.  He  is  cousin  of  the 
eons  of  Arnold  Biederman  the  landam- 
man  of  Untenvalden  (alias  count  Arnold 
of  Geierstein). 

Theodore  Donnerhuycl,  uncle  of  Ru- 
dolph. He  was  page  to  the  former  baron 
of  Arnheim  [Am.hime]. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Do'ny,  Florimcl's  dwarf. —  Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iii.  5  and  iv.  2  (1590,  1590). 

Donzel  del  Fe'bo  (El),  the  knight 
of  the  sun,  a  Spanish  romance  in  The 
Mirror  of  Knujhthood.  He  was  "  most 
excellently  fair, "  and  a  ' ' great  wanderer ; " 
hence  he  is  alluded  to  as  "that  wander- 
ing knight  so  fair." 

Doo'lin  of  Mayence  (2  syl.),  the 
hero  and  title  of  an  old  French  romance 
of  chivalry.  He  was  ancestor  of  Ogier 
the  Dane.  His  sword  was  called  Mar- 
vcilleuse  ("  wonderful "). 

Doomsday  Sedgwick,  William 
Sedgwick,  a  fanatical  "prophet"  during 
the  Commonwealth.  He  pretended  that 
the  time  of  doomsday  had  been  revealed 
to  him  in  a  vision  ;  and,  going  into  the 
garden  of  sir  Francis  Russell,  he  denounced 
a  party  of  gentlemen  playing  at  bowls, 
and  bade  them  prepare  for  the  day  of 
doom,  which  was  at  hand. 

Doorm,  an  earl  who  tried  to  make 
Enid  his  handmaid,  and  "  smote  her  on 
the  cheek  "  because  she  would  not  wel- 
come him.  Whereupon  her  husband, 
count  Geraint,  started  up  and  slew 
the  "  russet-bearded  earl."' — Tennyson, 
Idyll?  of  the  Kiny  ("  Enid  "). 

Door-Opener  (The),  Crates,  the 
riieban  ;  so  called  because  he  used  to  jn> 
found  Athens  early  of  a  morning,  and 
rebuke  the  people  for  their  late  rising. 

Dora  [Spenlow],  a  pretty,  warm- 

12 


hearted  little  doll  of  a  woman,  with  no 
practical  views  of  the  duties  of  life  or  the 
value  of  money.  She  was  the  "child- 
wife"  of  David  Copperfield,  and  loved  to 
sit  by  him  and  hold  his  pens  while  he 
wrote.  She  died,  and  David  then  mar- 
ried Agnes  Wick  field.  Dora's  great  pet 
was  a  dog  called  "Jip,"  which  died  at  t he 
same  time  as  its  mistress. — C.  Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Dora'do  (EI),  a  land  of  exhaustlcsa 
wrealth  ;  a  golden  illusion.  Orella'na, 
lieutenant  of  Pizarro,  asserted  that  he  had 
discovered  a  "gold  country  "  between  the 
Orino'co  and  the  Am'azon,  in  South 
America.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  twieevisitcd 
Guia'na  as  the  spot  indicated,  and  pub- 
lished highly  coloured  accounts  of  its 
enormous  wealth. 

Dorali'ce  (4  syl.),  a  lady  beloved  by 
Rodomont,  but  who  married  Mandri- 
cardo. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1510). 

Dor'alis,  the  lady-love  of  Rodomont 
ling  of  Sarza  or  Algiers.  She  eloped 
with  Mandricardo  king  of  Tartarv. — 
Bojardo,  Orlando  Jnnamorato  (1495)  ;  and 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1510). 

Dorante  (2  ml.),  a  name  introduced 
into  three  of  Moliere's  comedies.  In  Lcs 
Fuchcux  he  is  a  courtier  devoted  to  the 
chase  (1001).  In  La  Critique de  /'('colcdea 
Femmes  he  ia  a  chevalier  (1002).  In  Le 
Bouryeois  Gentilhomme  he  is  a  count  in 
love  with  the  marchioness  Dorimene 
(1070). 

Doras'tus  and  Faunia,  the  hero  and 
heroine  of  a  popular  romance  by  Robert 
Greene,  published  in  1588,  under  the  title 
of  I'undosto  and  the  Triumph  of  Time. 
On  this  "history"  Shakespeare  founded 
his  Winter's  Tale. 

Why,  sir  Willlnm,  it  Is  a  romance,  a  norel.  a  pleasanter 
history  by  half  than  the  loves  of  Dorastus  and  Faunia.— 
Is.  liickerstaff,  Lore  in  a  Village,  ill.  1. 

Dorax,  the  assumed  name  of  dorj 
Alonzo  of  Alcazar,  when  he  deserted 
Sebastian  king  of  Portugal,  turned  rene- 
gade, and  joined  the  emperor  of  Barbary, 
The  cause  of  his  desertion  was  that  Sebas- 
tian gave  toHenri'ques  the  lady  betrothed 
to  Alonzo.  Her  name  was  Violante 
(4  syl  J.    The  quarrel  between  Sebastian 

and  Dorax  is  a  masterly  copy  of  the. 
quarrel  ami  reconciliation  between  Brutus 

and  Cassiusin  Shakespeare's  Julius  Ccesar. 

Like  "  I>orai  "  In  the  play.  1  submitted,  "  tho'  with  ■ 
■Walling  In-art."— Sir  \V.  Scott. 

This  quotation  is  not  exact.  It  occurs 
in    the    "quarrel."     Sebastian    says    to 


DORCAS. 


ZOO 


DOKMF.R. 


Dorax,  "  Confess,  proud  spirit,  that 
battel  lie  [JL  nri'/'w.)  deserved  mv  love 
than  thou.       To  '.his  Domx  replied  : 

I  mu'tRrnnt, 
Yes,  I  mturt  prant.  but  with  n  swelling  soul. 
HcDrtqna  bad  >"..r  Iota  with  mora  >le>«rt  ; 
kur  )uu  he  (uunht  an.l  iiit-1 ;  1  foaajM  aitainst  yoa. 
l)rx)tuii.  iMii  Italian  (16110). 

Dorcas,  servant  to  squire  Ingoldsby. 
-Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgatmuet  (time,  I 
HI.). 

DoretUt  an  old  domestic  at  Cumnor 
Place. — Keuilworth  (time,  Elisabeth). 

Dorcas  Society,  a  society  I 
plying  the] r  with  clothing;  so  called 

from  Dorcas,  who  "  made  clothes  for  tlie 

poor,"  mentioned  in  Acts  ix. 

Doria  D'Istria,  a  psendonym  of  the 

tirincess     Koltzofl  ty,    a     Wal- 

achiao  nu'  ::<-        '). 

Doric  Land,  which  Doris 

part. 

Thru'  all  the  bound* 
Ic  Uuxl. 
Mill.....  Paradim  Lott.  L  SIS  (1«MV. 

Doric  Reed,  pastoral  poetry,  simple 
andunornanx 

everything  I  rwnarhaKlfi  fur  its 

chaste  simplicity. 

Doricourt,     the   fane?    of     Ixtitia 
Hardy.     A  nuin  of   the   world   ami   the 
:'  (lit.-  London  v.  -.  bow- 

ever,  both  a  gentleman  and  a  man  "f 
honour.  He  had  made  the  "grand  tour," 
and  considered  English  beauties  insipid. 
— Mrs.  Cowley,  Tut  Julie's  K>'trtttujan 
(1780). 

1(1778-1831), 
He  n  ii'tmhc  .  .  . 

cl  air>  >|K>rt, 
So  exquisite  u  iNjr.oju.L 

Crofton  Cmker. 

Do'ridon,  a  lovely  swain,  nature'* 
"chiefest  work,"  more  beautiful  than 
Narcissus.  Ganimede.  or  Adonis. — Win, 
lirowne,  Briteuutia'i  Pattoralt  (1618). 

Do'rigen,  a  lady  of  high  family,  who 
married  Amr'agua  out  of  pity  for  his 
love  and  meekness.  Aurelius  sought  t.> 
entice  her  away,  but  she  -aid  she  would 
never  listen  to  his  suit  nil  on  the  British 
"  there  n'ia  no  stone  y-seen."  Au- 
relius by  magic  caused  all  the  stones  to 
disappear,  and  when  Dorigen  went  an.l 
said  that  her  husband  insisted  on  her 
keeping  her  word,  Aurelius,  seeing  her 
dejection,  replied,  he  *WOUld  sooner  die 
than    injur.'   .-..   true   a   wife  and    noble  a 

fnntleman.— Chaucer,  Canterbury  Talts 
"The  Frank  lin'a  Tale,"  1JSS). 


(Tliis  is  substantially  the  same  as  Boc- 
caccio's tale  of  Diamorm  and  (Jtlberto, 
x.  6.     See  I  Manuka.) 

Dor'imant,  a  genteel,  witty  linertine. 
The  original  of  this  character  was  the  earl 
of  Rochester. — G.  Ethei  Mm  oj 

/'••pi  i  it- 1  flutter  (1676). 

The  LMrinuuiU  and  the  lady  Touchwoods,  In  their  ovi 
...oral  mam  .  in  tact,  the;  do  ud 

■ajpaal  toil  M    V  Lamb. 

,.  hwood"  in  Con^reve'ri 
>t    the    "  lady    Francii 

Touchwood"  in  Mrs.   Cowley  •  i 

■  in,   which  is  quite  another   cha- 

Dor'imene  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Al- 
cantor,  beloved  bySganarelle  (3  <]//.)  and 
Lycaste  (2  s<jl.).     She  loved  "  le  jeu,  les 

idaana 
promenades,  en  un  mot  totttea  le  choaea 

de    plai-ir,"  and    wished   t->  marry  I 
free  from  the  trammels  of  )-.  r  home.    >he 

.  whom 
she   pr  .rr\.    "Nous   n'aurons 

•  all.  nil  d.  li 

voua  contraindrai  point  dans  v.-s  actions, 

Commi  •  <   conlrain- 

drcz    pomt    dans  a."-   Mohcre, 

M)« 

rid  been  introduced  previously  as 

the  wii  irelle,  in  the  coir*dy  of 

h  Imagmairi ,  L660.) 

Dormiite. the  marchioness,  in  the  Bow- 
mvme,  by  lioliere  (lu70). 

Dorin'da,  the  charming  daughter  of 
Bountiful;  in  love  with  AiaawalL 

She    was  sprightly  and  Light-hearted,  hut 

g 1    and    virtuous    n'  Far- 

quhar,  •     ■'"<)• 

Dorine'  (-  syf.),  attendant  of  Mariane 
(daughfa 

folly  of  the   familv,  hut   .-.r\.>    it    faith- 
fully.     II  'I). 

D'Orme'o,  prime  minister  of  Victoi 
Ania.l.  and  alao  of  his  son  Mid 

l.mmanucl  king  • 

dinia.     He  took  his  colour  from  the  king 

'  ■■    served:     hence    under    the    tortuous, 

-.1  Victor,    his   p.licy  was  marked 

with  crude  rascality  and  duplicity  ;  hut 

under  the  truthful,  single-minded  <  'harici 
Emmanuel,'  i  ti  lightforwardand 

honest. — K.  Browning,  Kmg   Violet  and 

.  irtcs,  fCOj 

Dormer  (Captain),  benevolast,  truth- 
ful, and  courageous,  candid  and  warm- 
hearted.      He     WS  to    1  ^ui-i* 

Traven  ;  bat  the  lady  waa  told  that  he 


DORMER. 


267 


DORRILLON. 


was  false  and  had  married  another,  so 
she  gave  her  hand  to  lord  Davenant. 

Marianne  Dormer,  sister  of  the  cap- 
tain. She  married  lord  Davenant,  who 
called  himself  Mr.  Brooke ;  but  he  forsook 
her  in  three  months,  giving  out  that  he 
was  dead.  Marianne,  supposing  herself 
to  be  a  widow,  married  his  lordship's  son. 
— Cumberland,  The  Mysterious  Husband 
(1783). 

Dormer  (Caroline),  the  orphan  daughter 
of  a  London  merchant,  who  was  once  very 
wealthy,  but  became  bankrupt  and  died, 
leaving  his  daughter  £200  a  year.  This 
annuity,  however,  she  loses  through  the 
knavery  of  her  man  of  business.  When 
reduced  to  penury,  her  old  lover,  Henry 
Morland  (supposed  to  have  perished  at 
sea),  makes  his  appearance  and  marries 
her,  by  which  she  becomes  the  lady 
Duberly. — G.  Colman,  The  Heir-at-Law 
(1797). 

Dornton  (Mr.),  a  great  banker,  who 
adores  his  son  Harry,  lie  tries  to  be 
stern  with  him  when  he  sees  him 
going  the  road  to  ruin,  but  i3  melted  by 
a  kind  word. 

Joseph  Munden  [175S-18321  was  the  original  repre- 
sentative of  "  Old  Dornton"  and  a  host  of  other  characters. 
—Memoir  (1832). 

Harry  Dornton,  son  of  the  above.  A 
noble-hearted  fellow,  spoilt  by  over- 
indulgence. He  becomes  a  regular  rake, 
loses  money  at  Newmarket,  and  goes 
post-speed  the  road  to  ruin,  led  on  by 
Jack  Milford.  So  great  is  his  extrava- 
gance, that  his  father  becomes  a  bankrupt ; 
but  Sulky  (his  partner  in  the  bank)  comes 
to  the  rescue.  Harry  marries  Sophia 
Freelove,  and  both  father  and  son  are 
saved  from  ruin. — Holcroft,  The  Road  to 
liuin  (1792). 

Dorober'nia,  Canterbury. 

Dorothe'a,  of  Andalusi'a,  daughter 
of  Cleonardo  (an  opulent  vassal  of  the 
duke  Hicardo).  She  was  married  to  don 
Fernando,  the  duke's  younger  son,  who 
deserted  her  for  Lucinda  (the  daughter  of 
an  opulent  gentleman),  engaged  to  Car- 
denio,  her  equal  in  rank  and  fortune. 
When  the  wedding  day  arrived,  Lucinda 
fell  into  a  swoon,  a  fetter  informed  the 
bridegroom  that  she  was  already  married 
to  Cardenio,  and  next  day  she  took 
refuge  in  a  convent.  Dorothea  also  left 
her  home,  dressed  in  buy's  clothes,  and 
concealed  herself  in  the  Sierra  Morena  or 
Brown  Mountain.  Now,  it  so  happened 
that  Dorothea,  Cardenio,  and  don  Quixote's 
party  happened  to  be  staying  at  the  Cres- 


cent inn,  and  don  Fernando,  who  had 
abducted  Lucinda  from  the  convent, 
halted  at  the  same  place.  Here  he  found 
his  wife  Dorothea,  and  Lucinda  her 
husband  Cardenio.  All  these  misfortunes 
thus  came  to  an  end,  and  the  parties  mated 
with  their  respective  spouses. — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  1.  iv.  (1605). 

Dorothe'a,  sister  of  Mons.  Thomas.—  - 
Reaumont  and  Fletcher,  Mons.  Thomas 
(1619). 

Dorothe'a,  the  "virgin  martyr,''  at- 
tended by  Angelo,  an  angel  in  ths 
semblance  of  a  page,  first  presented  to 
Dorothea  as  a  beggar-boy,  to  whom  she 
gave  alms. — Philip  Massinger,  1'he  Virgin 
Martyr  (1022). 

Dorothe'a,  the  heroine  of  Goethe's  poem 
entitled  Hermann  and  Dorothea  (1797). 

Dor'otheus  (3  syl.),  the  man  who 
spent  all  his  life  in  endeavouring  to  eluci- 
date the  meaning  of  one  single  word  ia 
Homer. 

Dor'othy  (Old),  the  housekeeper  of 
Simon  Glover  and  his  daughter  "the 
fair  maid  of  Perth." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Dor'othy,  charwoman  of  Old  Trapbois 
the  miser  and  his  daughter  Martha. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Siyel  (time, 
James  I.). 

Dorrillon  (Sir  William),  a  rich 
Indian  merchant  and  a  widower.  He  had 
one  daughter,  placed  under  the  care  of 
Mr.  and  Miss  Norberry.  When  this 
daughter  (Maria)  was  grown  to  woman- 
hood, sir  William  returned  to  England, 
and  wishing  to  learn  the  character  of 
Maria,  presented  himself  under  the  as- 
sumed name  of  Mr.  Mandred.  He  found 
his  daughter  a  fashionable  young  lady, 
fond  of  pleasure,  dress,  and  play,  but 
affectionate  and  good-hearted.  He  wai 
enabled  to  extricate  her  from  some  money 
difficulties,  won  her  heart,  revealed  him- 
self as  her  father,  and  reclaimed  her. 

Miss  [Maria]  Dorrillon,  daughter  of 
sir  William;  gay,  fashionable,  li:.ht- 
bearted,    highly    accomplished,   and   very 

beautiful.  "  Brought  np  without  a 
mother's  care  or  father's  caution,"  she 
had  some  excuse  for  her  waywardness 
and  frivolity.  Sir  George  Evelyn  was 
her  admirer,  whom  for  a  time  she  teased 
to  the  very  top  of  Iter  bent  ;  then  -h* 
married,  loved,  and  reformed. — Mrs. 
Inchbald.  Wives  as  they  Were  and  Matds 
as  they  Are  (1797). 


D'OSBORN. 


268 


DOUGLAS. 


D'Osborn  (Count),  governor  of  the 
Giant's  Mount  Fortress.  The  countess 
Marie  consented  to  marry  him,  because  he 
promised  to  obtain  the  acquittal  of  Ernest 
de  Fridberg  ("  the  State  prisoner") ;  but 
he  never  kept  his  promise.  It  was  by 
this  man's  treachery  that  Ernest  was  a 
prisoner,  for  he  kept  back  the  evidence  of 
general  Bavois,  declaring  him  innocent. 
He  next  employed  persons  to  strangle 
him,  but  his  attempt  was  thwarted.  His 
villainy  being  brought  to  light,  he  was 
ordered  by  tlie  kinp  to  execution. — E. 
Stirling,  Tlie  Slate  Prisoner  (1847). 

Do'son,  a  promise-maker  and  pro- 
mise-breaker. Antig'onos  (grandson  of 
Demetrios  the  besieger)  was  so  called. 

Dot.    (See  PEF.nyniNGLK.) 

Dotheboys  Hall,  a  Yorkshire 
school,  where  boys  were  taken-in  and 
done-for  by  Mr.  Squeers,  an  arrogant, 
conceited,  puffing,  overbearing,  and 
ignorant  schoolmaster,  who  fleeced,  beat, 
and  starved  the  boys,  but  taught  them 
nothing. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby 
(1838). 

The  original  of  Dnthebnys  Hall  Is  still  In  existence  at 
Rowes,  MKM  five  mill  <  from  Barnard  Cnstle.  The  King's 
Head  Inn  at  Barnnnl  Castle  Is  spoken  of  In  JTiafolai 
Xicklcby  by  Newman  Noggs. — Kola  and  Queric*. 
Ai.ril  a.  1878. 

Doto,  Nyse,  and  Neri'ne,  the 
three  nereids  who  guarded  the  fleet  of 
Vnsco  da  Gams.  When  tlie  treacherous 
pilot  had  run  the  ship  in  which  Vasco 
was  sailing  on  a  sunken  rock,  these  sca- 
nymphs  lifted  up  the  prow  and  turned  it 
round. — Camoens,  Lusiad,  ii.  (1509). 

Douban,  the  physician,  cured  a 
Greek  king  of  leprosy  by  some  drug  con- 
cealed in  a  racket  handle.  The  kin^  pave 
Douban  such  great  rewards  that  the  envy 
of  his  nobles  was  excited,  and  his  vizier 
buggested  that  a  man  like  Douban  was 
very  dangerous  to  be  near  the  throne. 
Tlie  fears  of  the  weak  king  being  aroused, 
he  ordered  Douban  to  be  put  to  death. 
When  the  physician  saw  there  was  no 
remedy,  he  gave  the  king  a  hook,  saying, 
"On  the  sixth  leaf  the  king  will  find 
something  affecting  his  life."  The  king, 
finding  the  leaves  stick,  moistened  his 
Gnger  with  his  mouth,  and  by  so  doing 
poisoned  himself.  "  Tyrant!"  exclaimed 
Douban,  "  thoiie  who  abuse  their  power 
merit  death." — Arabian  Nights  ("The 
Greek  King  and  the  Physician  "). 

Douban,  physician  of  the  emperor 
Alexius. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Vuris  (time,  Bufue), 


Double  Dealer  {Tlie).  "The 
double  dealer"  is  Maskwell,  who  pre- 
tends love  to  lady  Touchwood  and  friend- 
ship to  Mellefont  (2  syl.),  in  order  to 
betray  them  both.  The  other  characters 
of  the  comedy  also  deal  doubly :  Thus 
lady  Froth  pretends  to  love  her  husband, 
but  coquets  with  Mr.  Brisk  ;  and  lady 
Pliant  pretends  to  be  chaste  as  Diana, 
but  has  a  liaison  with  Careless.  On  the 
other  hand,  Brisk  pretends  to  entertain 
friendship  for  lord  Froth,  but  makes  love 
to  his  wife  ;  and  Ned  Careless  pretends  to 
respect  and  honour  lord  Pliant,  but  bam- 
boozles him  in  a  similar  way. — W.  Con- 
greve  (1700). 

Double-headed  Mount  ( Tlie), 
Parnassus,  in  Greece ;  so  called  from  its 
two  chief  summits,  TithorCo  and  Lycorca. 

Double  Lines  (in  Lloyd's  books),  a 
technical  word  for  losses  and  accidents. 

One  morning  the  subscribers  were  reading  the  "douM» 
line., "  and  amone  the  losses  was  the  total  wreck  of  111* 
Identical  ship.— Old  and  A'eie  lxmdon,  1.  SIX 

Doublefee  (Oid  Jacob),  a  money- 
lender, who  accommodates  the  duke  of 
Buckingham  with  loans. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
J'acnl  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Doubting  Castle,  the  castle  of 
giant  Despair,  into  which  Christian  and 
Hopeful  were  thrust,  but  from  which 
they  escaped  by  means  of  the  kev  called 
"  Promise." — Bunvan,  J'ilgrim's  Progress, 
i.(1678). 

Dougal,  turnkey  at  Glasgow  Tol- 
booth.  He  is  an  adherent  of  Koy  Roy. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Hoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Douglas,  divided  into  The  Black 
ues  and  The  lied  Douglases. 

I.  Tiik  Black  Doccii.ASES  (or  senior 
branch).  Each  of  these  is  called  "The 
Black  Douglas." 

The  Hardy,  William  de  Douglas,  de- 
fender of  Berwick  (died  1302). 

The  Good  sir  James,  eldest  son  oi  "The 
Hardy."  Friend  of  Bruce.  Killed  by  the 
Moors  in  Spain,  L880. 

England's  Scourge  arid  Scotland's  Bul- 
wark, William  Douglas,  knight  of  Liddcs- 
dale.  Taken  at  Neville's  Cross,  and 
killed  by  William  first  earl  of  Douglas, 
in  1358. 

The  Fiotcer  of  Chivalry,  William  de 
Douglas,  natural  son  of  "The  Good  sir 
James"  (died  1384). 

James  second  earl  of  Douglas  over- 
threw Hotspur.  Died  at  Otterburn, 
1388.  This  is  the  Douglas  of  the  old 
bollau  of  Chevy  Chant. 


DOUGLAS. 


269 


DnrLornr.rsE  gaki>k. 


Archibald  the  Grim,  Archibald  Douglas, 
aatural  son  of  "The  Good  sir  .lames " 
(died  *). 

Tlie  lilack  Dwujlas,  William  lord  of 
Nithsdale  (murdered  by  the  earl  of  Clif- 
ford, 1890). 

Tincman  (the  loser),  Archibald  fourth 
earl,  who  lost  the  battles  of  Homildon, 
Shrewsbury,  aad  Verneuil,  in  the   i 
which  lie  was  killed  (1424). 

William  Douglas,  eighth  carl,  stabbed 
by  .lames  II.,  and  then  despatched  with  a 
battle-axe  by  six  Patrick  Gray,  at  Stirling, 
February  U,  146S.  Sir  Walter  Scott 
alludes  to  this  in  The  Lady  of  the  /.  lk$. 

.lames  Douglas,  ninth  and  last  earl 
(died  1488).  With  him  the  senior  branch 
closes. 

II.  The  Red  Douglases,  a  collateral 
branch. 

llell-the-Cat,  the  great  earl  of  Angus. 
He  is  introduced  by  Scott,  in  Marmion, 
His  two  sons  fell  in  the  battle  of  Hod- 
den Field.     He  died  in  a  monastery,  1614. 

Archibald     Douglas,    sixth    earl     of 

An^us.  and  grandson  of  "  I'.ell-the-t'at." 
James  Bothwcll,  one  of  the  family,  forms 
the  most  interesting  part  of  Scott's  Lady 

I,  ike,     1  le  was  the  grandfat 
Damley,     husband     of    Mary    queen    of 
Scots.  "  He  died  1660. 

James  Douglas,  earl  of  Morton, 
younger  brother  of  the  seventh  earl  of 
Angus.  He  took  part  in  the  murder  of 
Rizzio,  and  was  executed  by  the  instru- 
ment called  "the  maiden"  (1680   1681). 

The  "Black  Douglas,"  introduced  by 
sir  W.  Scott  in  &»U  i  Dan  ■  ■  .  is 
"The  Gud  schyr James."  This  wasalso  the 
Douglas  which   was   such  a  terror  to  the 

English  that  the  women  used  to  frighten 
their    unruly  children    by  savin 

would    "make    the    Black    Douglas   take 

them."     He  tirst  appears  in  Castle  Dan- 

as  "  Kniehl  of  the  Tomb."     The 

following  nursery  rhyme  refers  to  him  : — 

Iluih  >e,  tiush  jra.  Utile  |*t  ye  ; 
iin  not  ir.  i  \»: 

Thi   I.  u  k  Pmiguuihnll  not  . 
Sir  W    Boott,   /.<■'  •  ■  '  i  (.,  m.t/ithrr.l.  8. 

Dowjlas,  a  trapedy  by  J,  Home  (17.r>7). 
Toung  Norval,  haring  saved  the  life  of 
lord  Randolph,  is  given   a   commission 

in    the   army.      I. ads     Randolph    hear-    of 

ploit,  and  discovers  thai  the  youth 

is  her  own  son  by  her  lirst   husband,  lord 

Jvon,  who  hates  the  oew 
farourite,  persuades  1  ird  Randolph  that 
his  wife  is  too  intimate  with  the  young 

Upstart,   and    the    two    surprise    them    in 

familiar    intercourse    in    ■    wood.     The 


youth,  being  attacked,  slays  GlenaJvoa; 
but  is  in  turn  slain  by  lord  Randolph, 
who  then  learns  that  the  young  man  was 
lady  Randolph'!  son.  I.&dy  Randolph. 
in  distraction,  rushes  up  a  precip 
throws  herself  down  headlong,  and  lord 
Randolph  goes  to  the  war  then  raging 
between  Scotlan<l  and  Denmark. 

.  father-in- 
law  of  prince  Robert,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  III.  of  Scotland. 

Margery  of  Don  flat,  the  earl's  daughter, 
and  wife  of  prince  Robert  duke  of  Roth- 
say.  The  duke  was  betrothed  to  Eliza- 
beth daughter  Of  the  earl  of  March,  but 
the  engagement  was  broken  off  bv  in- 
trigue.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fkir  Maid  of  Perth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Douglas   (Oeorge),    nephew   of  the   n*- 
gent  Murray  of  Scotland,   and  grrt 
of  the  lady  of  Lechlevi  a.    <  leorge  I 
las  was  devoted  to  M  iry  mi 
—Sir  W.  Scott,    i  time,    Elixa- 

bcth). 

Doucrlas  and  the  Bloody  1 1 

The    heart    of     BrUOS    was     entru- 

Douglas  to  carry  to  Jerusalem.     1 

in  Spain,  he  stopped  to  aid  the  Cas- 
fciliana  against  the  Moors,  and  in  I 

of  battle  cast   the  "heart,"  enshrined  in  a 

golden  coffer,  into  the  very  thickest  of 
the  foe,  saying,  "The  heart  or  eh 

(  m    he    dash.d,     fearless     of     danger,     to 

regain   the  coffer,   but   perished   in    the 

attempt.  The  family  thenceforth  ■ 

the  "bloody  heart"  as  their  armorial 
device. 

Douglas  Larder  (7V).  When  toe 
"  Good  sir  James"  Douglas,  in  1806,       *« 

his  castle  by  a  OOttp  Ir  main  from  the 
English,  he  caused  all  the  barrels  con- 
taining (lour,  meal,  wheat,  and  malt  to 
be    knocked   in    pieces  and    their  content* 

to  be  thrown  «w  the  floor ;  he  then 

in  all  the  hogsheads  of  wine  and  ak  upon 

this  mass.      To  this  he  flung  thi 

bodies  slain  and    some  .lead    horW  S.        I     ■ 

English  called  this  disgusting  meas  "The 

is  Larder."      He  then  - 
castle  and  took  refuge  in  the  I 

•  he  loved  Cai  better  to  hear  the  lark 
than  the  mouse  cheep." 
•  ■  i 

phrase.     Ii  is  the  dungeon  of  Ardi 

--hire,  where  Wallace  had  I  M 

thrown,  -..• 
by  him  in  the  re:  ■  rd  I. 

Donlonn  a  w  <;  urde 

in      I'.rwiek   ui.oli    Tweed.     Won      bv     sfa 


DOUSTERSWIVEL. 


270 


DRAGON. 


Launcelot  du  Lac,  in  one  of  the  most 
terrific  adventures  related  in  romance. 
In  memory  of  this  event,  the  name  of  the 
castle  was  changed  into  La  Joycuse  Garde 
or  La  Garde  Joyeuse. 

Dousterswivel  (Herman),  a  German 
schemer,  who  obtains  money  under  the 
promise  of  finding  hidden  wealth  by  a 
divining  rod. — Sir  W.  Scott,  1'lie  Anti- 
quary  (time,  George  III.). 

The  Incident  of  looking  for  treasure  In  the  church  U 
copied  from  one  which  Lilly  mentions,  who  went  with 
David  Ramsay  to  search  for  hid  treasure  iu  Westminster 
Abbey. — See  Old  and  New  London,  1.  IS*. 

Dove  (Dr.),  the  hero  of  Southey's 
novel  called  The  Doctor  (1834). 

Dove  (Sir  Benjamin),  of  Cropley 
Castle,  Cornwall.  A  little,  peaking,  pul- 
ing creature,  desperately  hen-pecked  by  a 
second  wife;  but  madam  overshot  the 
murk,  and  the  knight  was  roused  to  assert 
and  maintain  the  mastery. 

That  very  clever  actor  Cherry  [1769-1812].  appeared  In 
"  sir  Benjamin  Dove,"  and  showed  himself  a  master  of  his 
profession. — Boaden, 

Lady  Dove,  twice  married,  first  to  Mr. 
Searcher,  king's  messenger,  and  next  to 
sir  Benjamin  Dove.  She  had  a  tentlresse 
for  Mr.  Paterson.  Lady  Dove  was  a 
terrible  termagant,  and  when  scolding 
failed,  used  to  lament  for  "  poor  dear  dead 

Searcher,  who ,  etc.,  etc."     She  pulled 

her  bow  somewhat  too  tight,  and  sir 
Benjamin  asserted  his  independence. 

Sophia  Dove,  daughter  of  sir  Benjamin. 
She  loved  Robert  Belfield,  but  was 
engaged  to  marry  the  elder  brother  An- 
drew. When,  however,  the  wedding  day 
arrived,  Andrew  was  found  to  be  a  mar- 
ried man,  and  the  younger  brother  became 
the  bridegroom. — R.  Cumberland,  The 
Brothers  (1769). 

Dowlas  (Daniel),  a  chandler  of 
Gosport,  who  trades  in  "coals,  cloth, 
herrings,  linen,  candles,  eggs,  sugar, 
treacle,  tea,  and  brickdust."  This  vulgar 
and  illiterate  petty  shopkeeper  is  raised 
to  the  peerage  under  the  title  of  "  The 
Right  Hon.  Daniel  Dowlas,  baron  Du- 
berly."  Rut  scarcely  has  he  entered  on 
his  honours,  when  the  "  heir-at-law," 
supposed  to  have  been  lost  at  sea,  makes 
his  appearance  in  the  person  of  Henry 
Morland.  The  "  heir  "  settles  on  Daniel 
Dowlas  a«  annuity. 

Deborah  I'ouUis,  wife  of  Daniel,  and 
for  a  short  time  lady  Duberly.  She 
assumes  quite  the  airs  and  ton  of  gen- 
tility, and  tells  her  husband  "as  he  is  a 
year,  he  ought  to  behave  as  sich." 


Dick  Dowlas,  the  son,  apprenticed  to  an 
attorney  at  Castleton.  A  wild  younj; 
scamp,  who  can  "  shoot  wild  ducks,  fling 
a  bar,  play  at  cricket,  make  punch,  catch 
gudgeons,  and  dance."  His  mother  says, 
"he  is  the  sweetest-tempered  youth  when 
he  has  everything  his  own  way."  Dick 
Dowlas  falls  in  love  with  Cicely  Home- 
spun, and  marries  her. — G.  Colman,  Heir- 
at-law  (1797). 

Miss  Pope  asked  me  about  the  dress.  I  answered,  II 
should  be  Mack  bomhazeen  ..."  I  proved  to  her  tha.  vol 
only  "  Deborah  Dowlas."  but  all  the  rest  of  the  drantofii 
pertontz  ought  to  be  in  mourning.  .  .  .  The  three  "  Dow- 
lases" as  relatives  of  the  dec«a.-<ed  lord  Duberly  ;  "  Henry 
Morland  "  as  the  heir-at-law ;  "Dr.  Pangloss  "  as  a  dBrgy 
man,  "Caroline  Dormer  "for  the  loss  of  her  father,  and 
"  Kenrkk"  as  a  servant  of  the  Dormer  family.— JauiM 
Smith. 

Dowlas  (Old  Dame),  housekeeper  to 
the  duke  of  Buckingham. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Teveril  of  the  Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Dowling  (Captain),  a  great  drunkard, 
who  dies  in  his  cups. — Crabbe,  Boroxufh, 
xvi.  (1810). 

Downer  (Billy),  an  occasional  porter 
and  shoeblack,  a  diffuser  of  knowledge, 
a  philosopher,  a  citizen  of  the  world,  and 
an  "  unfinished  gentleman." — C.  Selby, 
The  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Downing  Professor,  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge.  So  called  from 
sir  George  Downing,  bart.,  who  founded 
the  law  professorship  in  1800. 

Dowsabel,  daughter  of  Cassemen 
(3  syl.)  a  knight  of  Arden ;  a  ballad  by 
M.  Drayton  (1593). 

Old  Chaucer  doth  of  Topaz  tell/ 
Mad  Puibelaisof  Panta^ruel, 
A  later  third  of  DowsabeL 

M.  Drayton,  NympHldla. 

Drac,  a  sort  of  fairy  in  human  form, 
whose  abode  is  the  caverns  of  rivers. 
Sometimes  these  dracs  will  float  like 
golden  cups  along  a  stream  to  entice 
bathers,  but  when  the  bather  attempts  tc 
catch  at  them,  the  drac  draws  him  under 
water. — South  of  France  Myllioloyy. 

Dra'chenfels  ("drayon  rocks"),  so 
called  from  the  dragon  killed  there  by 
Siegfried,  the  hero  of  the  Xicbelunyen 
Lied. 

Dragon  (A),  the  device  on  the  royai 
banner  of  the  old  British  kings.  The 
leader  was  called  the  pendrayon.  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  says:  "Whin  Aure'lius 
was  king,  there  appeared  a  star  a* 
Winchester  of  wonderful  magnitude  and 
brightness,  darting  forth  a  ray,  at  the 
end  of  which  was  a  flame  in  form  of  a 
dragon."      Uther    ordered     two     golden 


DRAGON. 


?71 


DRAPIKKS  LEI 


dragons  to  bo  made,  one  of  which  he 
presented  to  Winchester,  and  the  other  he 
carried  with  him  as  a  royal   stnnilarrt 

Tennyson  says  that  Arthur's  helmet  had 
for  crest  a  golden  dragon. 

.  .  .   thrjr  «a«r 
The  drxjton  of  the  crrat  pandraCuaihlp, 
Tluil  crowned  the  Hate  p>rlh..n  ..f  ihr  king. 

II.   i.uiikWI. 

-n  (Vie),  one  of  the  masques 
nt  Kennaqnhair  Abbey. — sir  W.  Scott, 
1  .■  A  »w  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Drwjon  (The  Red),  the  personification 
af  "  the  devil,"  as  the  enemy  of  man. 

— Phineaa  Fltjtchtr,  The  J'urjjle  Island, 
ix.  (1' 

Dragon  of  Wantley  (i.e.  Warn- 
cliiV,  in  Yorkshire),  a  skit  on  the  "hi 
metrical  romances,  especially  on  the  old 
rhyming  legend  of  air  Bevia.  The  l>alla<l 
describes  the  dragon,  its  ontragi 
flight  "f  t lie  inhabitants,  the  knight 
el sing     his     armour,    the    damsel,    the 

fight,  ami  the  victory.  The  hero  is  called 
'•  More,  of   More   I'lall"  (g.c.).— Percy, 

II.  iii.  18. 

(II.   Carey    lias  a   burlesque   cap. 

•i    of    Wantley.    and    calls    the    hero 

"Moore,  of  Moore  Hall,"  1697-17480 

Dragon's    Hill    (Berkshire).     The 
legend   says   it   is    here  that    Si.    I 
killed    the    dragon  ;    hut   the   ploi 
signed  for  this  achievement  in  the  ballad 
given  in  Percy's  £  "Sylonfi,  in 

Libya."    Another  legend  rives    Berytus 
•  this  encounter. 

(In  regard  to  Dragon  Hill,  according 
t.i  Saxon  annals,  it  was  here  that  Cedric 
(founder    of    the    West    S  slew 

Naud  the  pendragon,  with  6000 men.) 

Dragon's  Tooth.  The  tale  of  Jason 
and  .1  i '.is  is  a  repetition  of  that  of 
Cadmus. 

In  the  tale  <d  Cadmi  *,  are  are  told 
tin'  fountain  of  Arei'a  (8  ay/.)  was 
guarded    by    a    Bene  dragon.    Cadmus 

killed    the   dragon,  ami  Sowed    it*  teeth  in 

tin-  earth.  From  these  teeth  sprang  up 
armed  men  called  "  Sparti,"  among  »  bom 

he    flung    Stones,   and    the    an. .id    melt    fell 

feud  of   each  other,  nil   all 
excepting  Ave. 

In   tin-    tale   of    J  \>'>n,   we   ar. 
that  having  slain  the  dragon  which  kept 

i         "Tt  r  the  golden  fl<  •    i  ed  its 

■  1 1 mi,   and    armed   men 

Up.        J&S4   '  tie    into    the 

midst  of  them,  whereupon  the  men  at- 

.  tin. 


Dragons. 

\n    i  m  \s.  the  dragon  slain  by  Mithra. 
—  Pet 

Daiiak,  the  thm  iragou  slain 

by  ThraetanA-Tacnsw 

I-  \i  mk,  the  dragon  shun  by  Sigurd. 
cukl,  the  dragon    slain  by  Beo- 
wulf, t 

I-\    i.  vi...  which 

a,  slain  bj 
of    I;. men. 

Pi  uioN,  the  dragon  slain   by  A 
— Or 

Takascjik.  (•_'  tyl.).  the  dragon  slain  at 
Aix-la-Cha-"lli 

ZOHAK,   L.e  djagon    slain    by   Fcridun 
,  lull luh). 

%*  Numerous  dragons  have  no 
name.      Many    arc    den.  led    Bed,    While, 

.  etc. 

Drama.       The      earliest       Kurnpean 
drama    since    the    fall    of    • 
empire    appeared    in    the    middle    of    the 
fifteenth   century.      It   is  called    /  | 

ind  is  divided  in! 
The    lirst   act,  which    runs  through   fifty 
■ 
the  other  tw« 

de  Kojaa.  The  wi;.  ilc  was  published  in 
1510. 

iriilcd 
ly    by 

Nicholas  UdsJ    before  1551,  I 

tinned  by  T.  Wilson,  in  his  Rv 

which  appeared  in  161 

l       k  raaaasr 

•  *J  by    Mr.     8.    hi  '. 

Arts.      Walton,  in   his    .' 
Poetry  (iv.  82),  ::i\  BS  I  ' 

medy  ;  and  Wright,  in  his  /' 
Histri  it  appeared  in  thi 

of  Edward  VI.,  who  died  !■'•' ■■.  It  is 
generally  ascribed  to  bishop  Mill,  but  he 
wan  only  eight  years  old  in  I 

Drama  (Father  I    ienn« 

Jodelli     i 

(n.c.  sixth  centui 

Dim;  Mab's  maids  o( 

huii.  .-i. 

I  I  I 

■ 

••  M.  I '.  1  'i  .. 
take  the  copper  moncj  i 

I    •   • 

•    ■  ■  I 


DRAWCANSIR. 


272 


DROP  SERENE. 


to  be  cancelled.  The  patent  was  obtained 
by  the  duchess  of  Kendal  (mistress  of 
the  king),  who  was  to  share  the  profits. 

Can  we  the  Drapier  then  forget  ? 

Is  not  our  nation  in  his  debt? 

'Twas  he  that  writ  the  "  Drapier's  Letters." 

Dean  Swift,  Verse*  on  hit  oum  death, 

Drawcan'sir,  a  bragging,  blustering 
bully,  who  took  part  in  a  battle,  and 
killed  every  one  on  both  sides,  "  sparing 
neither  friend  nor  foe." — George  Villiers, 
duke  of  Buckingham,  The  Rehearsal 
(167.). 

Jiuir,  who  was  a  little  superficial. 

And  not  in  literature  a  great  Drawraasir. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xi.  61  (1824). 

At  length  my  enemy  appeared,  and  I  went  forward 
/nine  janls  like  a  Drawcansir,  but  found  myself  seized 
with  a  panic  as  Paris  was  when  he  piesented  himself  to 
fight  with  Menelaus.— Lesage,  Oil  Bias,  id.  1  (1730). 

Dream  Authorship.  It  is  said 
that  Coleridge  wrote  his  Kvbla  KJian 
from  his  recollection  of  a  dream. 

*„*  Condillac  (says  Cabanis)  con- 
cluded in  his  dreams  the  reasonings  left 
incomplete  at  bed-time. 

Dreams.  Amongst  the  ancient  Gaels 
the  leader  of  the  army  was  often  deter- 
mined by  dreams  or  visions  in  the  night. 
The  different  candidates  retired  "  each  to 
his  hill  of  ghosts,  to  pass  the  night,  and 
he  to  whom  a  vision  appeared  was  ap- 
pointed the  leader." 

Seima's  king  [Fingal]  looked  around.  In  his  presence 
we  rOM  in  aims,  but  who  should  lift  the  shield — for  all 
had  claimed  the  war?  The  night  came  down.  We 
strode  in  silence,  each  to  his  hill  of  ghosts,  that  spirits 
might  descend  in  our  dreams  to  mark  us  for  the  field. 
We  stnn  k  the  shield  of  the  dead.  We  raided  the  hum  of 
songs.  We  called  thrice  the  ghost"  of  our  fathers.  We 
laid  us  down  for  dreams. — Ossian,  Cathlin  of  Clutha. 

Dreams.  The  Indians  believe  all 
dreams  to  be  revelations,  sometimes  made 
by  the  familiar  genius,  and  sometimes  by 
the  "  inner  or  divine  soul."  An  Indian, 
having  dreamt  that  his  finger  was  cut  off, 
had  it  really  cut  off  the  next  day. — 
Charlevoix,  "Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  North 
America. 

Dream  'er  {The  Immortal),  John 
Bunyan,  whose  Pilgrim's  I'royress  is  said 
by  him  to  be  a  dream  (lG'28-1688). 

***  The  pretence  of  a  dream  was  one 
of  the  most  common  devices  of  mediaeval 
romance,  as,  for  example,  the  Romance  of 
the  Rose  and  Piers  Plowman,  both  in  the 
leu rteenth  century. 

Dreary  ( Wat),  alias  Brown  Will, 
one  of  Macheath's  gang  of  thieves.  He 
is  described  b)  Peachum  as  "an  irregular 
dog,  with  an  underhand  way  of  disposing 
of  his  goods"  (act  i.  1). — Gay,  The 
Heggar's  Opera  (1727). 


Drink  used  by  actors,  orators,  etc. : 

Braham,  bottled  porter. 

Catley  (31iss),  linseed  tea  and  madeira, 

Cooke  (G.  F.),  even-thing  drinkable. 

Emery,  brand y-and-watcr  (cold). 

Gladstone  (  W.  E.),  an  egg  beaten  up 
in  sherry. 

Henderson,  gum  arabic  and  sherry. 

Incledon,  madeira. 

Jordan  (Mrs.),  calves'-foot  jelly  dis- 
solved in  warm  sherry. 

Kean  (Edmund),  beef-tea  for  break' 
fast,  cold  brandy. 

Lewis,  mulled  wine  (with  oysters). 

Oxberry.  tea. 

Smith  (William),  coffee. 

Wood  (Mrs.),  draught  porter. 

%*  J.  Kemble  took  opium. 

Brink.  "  /  drink  the  air,"  says  Anel, 
meaning  "  I  will  fly  with  great  speed." 

In  Henry  IV.  we  have  "devour  the 
way,"  meaning  the  same  thing. 

Dri'ver^  clerk  to  Mr.  Pleydell,  advo- 
cate, Edinburgh. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Driver  of  Europe.  The  due  da 
Choiseul,  minister  of  Louis  XV.,  was  so 
called  by  the  empress  of  Russia,  because 
he  had  spies  all  over  Europe,  and  ruled 
by  them  all  the  political  cabals. 

Dro'gio,  probably  Nova  Scotia  and 
Newfoundland.  A  Venetian  voyager 
named  Antonio  Zeno  (fourteenth  century) 
so  called  a  country  which  he  discovered 
It  was  said  to  lie  south-west  of  Estotiland 
(Labrador),  but  neither  Estotiland  nor 
Drogio  are  recognized  by  modern  geo- 
graphers, and  both  are  supposed  to  be 
wholly,  or  in  a  great  measure,  hypo- 
thetical. 

Dro'mio  (The  Brothers), two  brotheis, 
twins,  so  much  alike  that  even  their 
nearest  friends  and  masters  knew  not  one 
from  the  other.  They  were  the  servants 
of  two  masters,  also  twins  and  the  exact 
fac-si miles  of  each  other.  The  masters 
were  Antiph'olus  of  Ephesus  and  Anti- 
pholus  of  Syracuse. — Shakespeare,  Comedy 
of  Errors  (1593). 

(The  Comedy  of  Errors  is  borrowed 
from  the  Mcncechmi  of  Plautus.) 

Dronsdaughter  (Tronda),  the  old 
serving-woman  of  the  Yellowleys. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  vtime,  VVilliam 
III.). 

Drop  Serene  (Gutta  Serena),  it 
was  once  thought  that  this  sort  of  blind- 
ness was  an  inc  irable  extinction  of  virion 


DROPPING  WELL. 


273 


DRUNKEN  PARLIAMENT. 


bv»  transparent  w.it>ry  humour  distilling 
on  the  optic  n.rv.-.  h  caused  total  blind- 
new,  but  made  no  risible  change  in  thi- 
eve. It  is  now  known  thai  this  - 
blindness  arises  from  obstruction  in  the 
capillary  uuihj  rtnnrili,  and  in  aom< 
ut  least  is  ourable.  Milton,  speaking  "f 
his  own  blindness,  expresses  .1  doubt 
whethei  it  arose  from  the  Ovtta  Senna  or 
the  aujfusioii  of  a  oatara  .'. 

80  Uilck  m  "  ilr.i|i  ■ran"  hMh   luriuhed  their  orb*. 
Or  dim  "  lulTuinoii  "  v.-ile.!. 

lUton,  rirulUc  IahI.  Hi.  24  (ltttB). 

Dropping  Well,  near  the  Hyde, 
Yorkshire. 

.  .  .  men  "Oroaptni  W«D"  it  call. 
Became  out  of  a  nick  i>  -.nil  In  dropa  doth  full: 

Neartot!  ii  imIm  litilr  l«>"  I  J'l-otltory). 

Wbfab  ii<  a.  link'  >r  1 

Drajrtoa,  /'•  ;/•.'("'".  "«ii.  iii'i'.-j). 

Drudgeit  (Peter),  clerk  to  lord 
Bladderskate.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Uedgauntk  t 

'time,  George  111.). 

Drilggcr  (Abel),  a  seller  of  tobaCCO  ; 
artless  ami  gullible  in  the  extreme,  lie 
was  building  a  new  house,  and  came  to 
Subtle  "the  alchemist," to  know  on  which 
«,,ie  tn  -ei  the  shop  door,  how  to  dispose 

the  shelves  so  as  to  ensure  most   luck,  on 

what  days  be  might  trust  his  customers, 

ami  when  it  would  he  unlucky  for  him  BO 

to  do. — Ben  Jonson,  The  Alcfumust  (1610). 

Tboaai  W«toa  was  "AU-I  Dniatar"  iilm  ■ 

177SI  bol  l>:iv!.i  »;:irn.  k  wai  fond  "i  the  part  al^  iiati- 
177!*,.— «.'.  Dibdin,  llutury  uj  Ihe  Staff*. 

(This  comedy  was  cut  down  into  a 
two-act  farce,  called  The  roooccoats*,  by 
Francis  Gentleman.) 

Drugget,  a  rich  London  haberdasher, 
who  has  married  one  of  his  daughters  to 
bir  Charles  Racket.      Drugget  is  "very 
fond  of  his  garden,"  but  his  taste 
further  than  a  suburban  tea-garden,  with 

leaden    ima-es,    Cockney    fountains,    trees 
cut  into  tb<  animals,  ami  other 

similar  abominatione.     He  isTerj  head- 
strong, ionate,  sad  very  fund  of 

Gntterv. 

Mr*.  I'm  the  shore.     She 

knows  her  husband's  foibles,  and,  like  a 

v  (.mini,    never     rnhs    the    hair     the 

wrong  way. — A.  Murphy,    Three    Wt    it 
after  M  «  • 

Draid   [The),  tin   *   1    I 
Henry    Dii  man   nml   sporting 

writer,     t  »ne  of  hll  I ks,  called 

uAaJtn  red     in     the 

Hi  •    1 1-;  •    called 

I '. 

•  •  CoUh  James      1    omson 

(author  of   J'Uc  Skusonsj  »  druid.  mean- 


ing a  pust,,ral   British   poet  or  "  Nature'. 

'." 

Icr  Krarc  a  Druid  Ilea. 

Dr.),  a   man  of   North   V> 
86  yea- 

lord  Aliin-rville.  who  wa-  only  29.      I    I 
doctor  is  a  pedant  and  a 
in  temper,  and  immensely  bigoted,  wholly 

without    any    knoll 

heart,  or  indeed  any  practical  kii"» 

at  all. 

•M.M1.7   and   trade.    I    k-.tii   Vin   bntb  ;  .  .  • 

• 
Mountain*,  and  1  ,m.*i  teaanj    I 

wwl  U10  nuaj;.- 
wiili  rapi 
Bnstj  d«|  ■ 

m  ;  Inula  wi'.l, 
■  I  11U  |«<-tkn.  1. ■■;•• 

caterpillar*,  toad 
oontrctu) 

MUU>   ta«T      1 

Druid  Money,  s  promise  to  pay  tm 

the     (ireek      Kalends.        l'atri.ius 

"Druidje  pecuniam  mutuo  accipiebant  in 
poateriore  vita  reddituri." 

I  iL.-  in   >••>  l.y  the  Imil.ti  I-  n 
lu  Ui  otiitr  worlii  to  b*  raHofSd. 

. 

*«*  Purch 
of   rekin,   "who  barter  with  the  , 
upon   bills  of  exchange  tid   in 

heaven  a  hundredi  ui.  -'. 

Drum  (Jack).   Jack  Drum' 
own*  is  giving  a  guest  the  ©old  shoulder. 

Shakespeare     calls     it     "John      I 

•     .      kinment"  <  AlFt  M 

6),  ami  Holinshed  speak  I  "rum 

Dement,  which  it 
man  in  by  the  beade,  and  thrust  him  out 
by  both  the  shoulders." 

In  f.illh.  BOOd  -■■  nti.  men.  I  think  we  »hall  b-  I 

,L—  liiuuduclxm 

Drummlo  (/  tad  8J 

two     young     men    who     read     with     Mr. 
Pocket.        I'rummle     w  ill- 

conditioned  '■ 
—  (  .   I  rii  ,..     .. 

Drunk. 

.-.•  :     1  1  )     Ape-drunk,     w  !i.  n     DM  D 
fools  of  thi 
m-drunk,  * 

■  |  crv  one  ; 
men    | 

•  1  irtm  drunk,     w 

■ 
drunk,  when  men  sfT)   in  thill 

Dronken  I'm  limn.  nt.  »  8co-a* 


DRUON. 


274 


DUBRIC. 


parliament     assembled    at     Edinburgh, 
January  1,  16G1. 

It  was  a  mad,  warring  time,  full  of  extravagance  ;  and 
lio  wonder  it  was  so,  when  the  men  of  affairs  were  almost 
perpetually  drunk.— Burnet,  Bit  Own  Titne  (17il-3i). 

Druon  "the  Stern,"  one  of  the  four 
knights  who  attacked  Britomart  and 
«ir  Scudamore  (3  syl.). 

The  warlike  dame  [Britomart]  was  on  her  part  assaid 

R-  Claribel  and  Bliuidamour  at  one ; 

A'hile  Paridel  and  Druon  fiercely  laid 

i  j  Scudamore,  both  his  professed  fune  \Joet\ 

Spenser,  Faery  ^neen,  iv.  11  (1596). 

Dru'ry  Lane  (London),  takes  its 
name  from  the  Drury  family.  Drury 
liouse  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Olymi  ic  Theatre. 

Druses  (Return  of  the).  The  Druses, 
a  semi-Mohammedan  sect  of  Syria,  being 
attacked  by  Osman,  take  refuge  in  one  of 
the  Spor'ades,  and  place  themselves 
under  the  protection  of  the  knights  of 
Rhodes.  These  kni-hts  slay  their  sheiks 
and  oppress  the  fugitives.  In  the  sheik 
massacre,  Dja'b&l  is  saved  by  Maii'ni, 
and  entertains  the  idea  of  revenging  his 
people  and  leading  them  back  to  Syria. 
To  this  end  he  gives  out  that  he  is  Hakeem, 
the  incarnate  god,  returned  to  earth,  and 
soon  becomes  the  leader  of  the  exiled 
Druses.  A  plot  is  formed  to  murder  the 
prefect  cf  the  isle,  and  to  betray  the 
island  to  Venice,  if  Venice  will  supply 
a  convoy  for  their  return.  An'eal  (2  syl.), 
a  young  woman,  stabs  the  prefect,  and 
dies  of  bitter  disappointment  when  she 
discovers  that  Djabal  is  a  mere  impostor. 
Djabal  stabs  himself  when  his  imposition 
is  made  public,  but  Loys  (2  syl.),  a 
Breton  count,  leads  the  exiles  back  to 
Lebanon. — Robert  Browning,  'The  Return 
of  the  Druses. 

%*  Historically,  the  Druses,  to  the 
number  of  100,000  or  200,000,  settled  in 
Syria,  between  Djebail  and  Saide,  but 
their   original   scat  was    Egypt.      They 

Juitted  Egypt  from  persecution,  led  by 
>ara'zi  or  Durzi,  from  whom  the  name 
Druse  (1  syl.)  is  derived.  The  founder 
of  the  sect  was  the  hakum  B'amr-ellah 
(eleventh  century),  believed  to  be  incarnate 
deity,  and  the  last  prophet  who  com- 
municated between  God  and  man.  From 
this  founder  the  head  of  the  sect  was 
called  the  hakim,  his  residence  being 
Dcir-el-Kamar.  During  the  thirteenth 
or  fourteenth  century  the  Druses  were 
banished  from  Syria,  and  lived  in  exile 
in  son-.*  of  the  Sporides,  but  were  led 
back  to  Syria  early  in  the  fifteenth  century 
by  count  Loys  de  Deux,  a  new  convert. 


Since  1588  they  have  been  tributaries  of 
the  sultan. 

What  sav  you  does  this  wizard  etvle  himself— 
Hakeem  Biuiurallah.  the  Third  Fatimite? 
What  la  this  jargon  t    He  the  insane  prophet. 
Bead  near  three  hundred  years? 

Robert  Browning,  The  Return  of  the  Druut, 

Dry  as  or  Dryad,  a  wood-nymph, 
whose  life  was  bound  up  with  that  of 
her  tree.     (Greek,  d^vat,  &Hvd6ot.) 

"The  quickening  power  of  the  soul,"  like  Martha,  "  Is 
busy  about  many  things,"  or  like  "a  Dryas  living  in  a 
tree."— Sir  John  Davits,  Immortality  of  the  Soul.  xiL 

Dry-as-Dust  (The  Rev.  Doctor),  an 
hypothetical  person  whom  sir  \V.  Scott 
makes  use  of  to  introduce  some  of  his 
novels  by  means  of  prefatory  letters. 
The  word  is  a  synonym  for  a  dull,  prosy, 
plodding  historian,  with  great  show  of 
learning,  but  very  little  attractive  grace. 

Dryden  of  Germany  (The), 
Martin  Opitz,  sometimes  called  "The 
Father  of  German  Poetry  "  (1597-1639). 

Dryeesdale  (Jasper),  the  old  steward 
at  Lochleven  Castle. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Dry'ope  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  king 
Dry  ops,  beloved  by  Apollo.  Apollo, 
having  changed  himself  into  a  tortoise, 
was  taken  by  Dry  ope  into  her  lap,  and 
became  the  father  of  Amphis'sos.  Ovid 
says  that  Dryopij  was  changed  into  a 
lotus  (Met.,  x.  331). 

Duar'te  (3  syl.),  the  vainglorious 
son  of  Guiomar. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
'The  Custom  of  the  Country  (1047). 

Dubosc,  the  great  thief,  who  robs 
the  night-mail  from  Lyons,  and  murders 
the  courier.  He  bears  such  a  strong 
likeness  to  Joseph  Lesurques  (act  i.  1)  that 
their  identity  is  mistaken. — Ed.  Stirling, 
The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Dubourg  (Mons.),  a  merchant  at 
Bordeaux,  and  agent  there  of  Osbaldis- 
tone  of  London. 

Clement  Dvboury,  son  of  the  Bordeaux 
merchant,  one  of  the  clerks  of  Osbaldis- 
tone,  merchant. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Dubric  (St.)  or  St.  Dubricius,  arch- 
bishop of  the  City  of  Legions  (Cairleon- 
upon-Usk;  Newport  is  the  only  part  left). 
He  set  the  crown  on  the  head  of  Arthur, 
when  only  15  years  of  age.  Geoffrey 
says  (British  History,  ix.  12) :  "  This  pre- 
late, who  was  primate  of  Britain,  was  so 
eminent  for  his  piety,  that  he  could  cure 
any  sick  person  by  his  prayers.  St. 
1  inline    abdicated    and   lived   a   hermit, 


DUCHESS  STREET. 


275 


IT!  ' 


leaving  David  his  successor.     To 
introduces  him  in  his  Coming  of  A 

£'».</,  etc. 

St.  Dubnc,  wlioac  rc|«irt  .Jd  Curiam  >■  ■ 

l*a)Luu.  folyolbum.  liir.  |1( 

Tf  whom  arrlvi.l.  by  Dtlbrlc  thf  high  «7iinl. 

<  tiufctl  In  Britain,  and  ■ 
Tiic  ri  mi/^ 

TL»t  lUUTU  WM   in.U'tlr-l. 

Toi.n>»  u.  Th*  Coming  of  A  rt'.ur. 

Duchess  Street  (Portman  Square). 

So  called  from  Margaret  duchess  of  1'ort- 
land.      (See  IIikk  Stkkkt.) 

Ducho'mar  wns  in  love  with  Moma, 
daughter  of  Cormac  kinj,'  of  Ireland. 
I  hit  of  jealousy,  he  slew  < iathba,  his  more 
lucccssful   rival,  irent  to  announce   his 

dead:  to  Moma,  and  then  asked  her  to 
marry  him.  She  replied  sJie  had  no  love 
for  him,  and  asked  him  for  his  sword. 
"  He  pave  the  sword  to  her  tears,"  and 

she  stabbed  him  to  the  heart.     Duchomar 

begged  the  maiden  to  pluck  the  sword 

from  his  breast  that  he  might  die  ;  and 
when  she  approached  him  for  the  pur- 
pose, "  lie  seized  the  sword  from  her,  and 
Blew  her." 

"  Puchomar.  mott  gloomy  of  men  ;  dork  ire  thy  hrnwi 
•ncl  t.mhlo;  re«l  are  thy  rolllin;  rym  ...  1    I  ■■ 
nut.'  mill  Morna;  "hard  U  thy  haul  of  rock,  and  ihttk 
W  Uiy  terrihle  bruw."— Oulan.  rinjul.  L 

Duchran  (The  laird  of),  a  friend  of 

Seron    Mradwardine. — Sir  \\ .  Scott,    \Yu- 

,  (time,  George  II.). 

Ducking-Pond  Eow  (London), 
now  called  ''Grafton  Street." 

Dufk  Lano  (London),  a  row  near 
Bmithfield,  once  famous  for  second-hand 
books,  it  has  given  way  to  city  improve- 
ments. 

K'othti  ami  ThomliL.  nc«  In  ptaee  remain. 
Amid.1  their  kl...|r.«l  a  kl(M 

P  .;<•.  Km  ia  ■■>'  CriUcitm  iiril). 

Du  Croisy  and  liis  friend  La  Grange 
are  desirous  to  marry  two  jroung  ladies 

heads  are   turned    by   novels.      The 

silly  girls  fancy  the  manners  of  these 
gentlemen  too  unaffected  and  easy  to  be 
aristocratic;  so  the  gentlemen  send  to 
them  their  valets,  as  u  the  viscount  de  Jo- 
dele  t,"  and  "the  marquis  "f  Mascarillc." 

rls  are  delighted  with  their 
visitors  ;   but  when  the  game  lias  gone 

ugh,  the  masters  enter  and  unmask 

the   trick.       By   this   means   the    .:>rls  are 
a   useful    lesson,    without    being 
ted    to  any    fatal    consequences. 

Dudley,  a  young  artist;  a  d 

k.    by    Harry    Bertram.     Sit   W. 
Scott,  .      -inj  (time,  George  II.). 


Dudley    (Captain),    a    poor    English 
officer,  of    strict    honont,   good  family, 
and    many    accomplishments,      lie    has 
his  country  for  thir  • 

proi  ids  bn  ad  for  his  I 

■udley. 
Hign-mindi  I 

and   proud.     Be  falls   in   love  with  his 
cousin  Charlotte   Rasport,   but   fi  » 

proposing  to  her,  bees 
she  is  rich.     His  grandfather's  will  is  ia 
tune  brought  to  light,  by  winch  he  be- 
comes the  heir  of  a  noble  fortune,  and  tie 
then  marries  his  0 

Louisa    Dudley,  daughter   of   captain 
Dudley.    Young,   fair,   tail,   fresh,    and 
lovely.     She  i-  courti  d   by   Bi  ■ 
rich    West    Indian,    to    whom    nil: 
she  is  married.— -Cumberland, 
Indian  (1771). 

Dudley  Diamond  (The),    h 
a    black    shepherd    named    Swartzboy 
brought  to   his    D 
diamond,  and  received  for  il  i:  0,  with 

which    he   drank   him-. 

Kirk   sold  it   for  £12,0 

of  Dudley  gave  Messrs.  Hui 

kill   £80,000  for  it.     It  weighed   in   the 

rough    S>V    carats,    but  cut    into    a    heart 

shape   it   weighs  4-H   carats.     It  is  tri- 
angular in  shape,  and  of  great  brill 

%•  This  magnificent  diamond,  that 
railed  the  "Stewart"  (</.r.),  and  thy 
"Twin,"  have  all  been  dbovaol  iri 
Africa  since  1868. 

Dlldu,  one   of   the  three   I 
the     harem,    into     which     .luan,    by     thn 

sultana's  order,  had  been  admit 
female  attire.  N.  \t  day,  the  su  tai 
of  jealousy,  ordered  that  both  Du 

Juan   should    be    stitched    in    a  sack    and 

but,  by  the  connivance 

of   Baba   the  chief   eunuch,  tl 

tin  ir  escape. — Byron,  Don  Juan,  \ 

etc. 

A  ktli.1  Of  dr.  ; 

.     '.  .    bat} 

.    .. 

Due 
I:.    B.    Shi  ridan 
duenn  l, 

the  da  li  'ii  Jerome.     1 

u  it!i  don  Antonio,  a  ; 

ile  ;   but   bl  ■  I 

Men- 
will  n  • 

meiit,   he    locks    her   Up    in    ! 


DUESSA. 


276 


DUKE  OF  MILAN. 


and  turns  the  duenna  out  of  doors,  but 
in  his  impetuous  rage  he  in  reality  turns 
his  daughter  out,  and  locks  up  the 
duenna.  Isaac  arrives,  is  introduced  to 
the  lady,  elopes  with  her,  and  is  duly 
married".  Louisa  flees  to  the  convent  of 
St.  Catharine,  and  writes  to  her  father 
for  his  consent  to  her  marriage  to  the 
man  of  her  choice ;  and  don  Jerome, 
supposing  she  means  the  Jew,  gives  it 
freely,  and  she  marries  Antonio.  When 
.  tley  meet  at  breakfast  at  the  old  man's 
house,  he  finds  that  Isaac  has  married 
the  duenna,  Louisa  has  married  Antonio, 
und  his  son  has  married  Clara ;  but  the 
old  man  is  reconciled,  and  savs,  "  I  am 
an  obstinate  old  fellow,  when  I'm  in  the 
wrong,  but  you  shall  all  find  me  steady 
in  the  right." 

Duessa  (false  faith),  is  the  personi- 
fication of  the  papacy.  She  meets  the 
lied  Cross  Knight  in  the  society  of 
Sansfoy  (infidelity),  and  when  the  knight 
slays  Sansfoy,  she  turns  to  flight.  Being 
overtaken,  she  says  her  name  is  Fidessa 
(true  faith),  deceives  the  knight,  and 
conducts  him  to  the  palace  of  Lucif'era, 
where  he  encounters  Sansjoy  (canto  2). 
Duessa  dresses  the  wounds  of  the  Red 
Cross  Knight,  but  places  Sansjoy  under 
the  care  of  Escula  pius  in  the  infernal 
regions  (canto  4).  The  Red  Cross  Knight 
leaves  the  palace  of  Lucifera,  and  Duessa 
induces  him  to  drink  of  the  "  Enervating 
Fountain;"  Orgoglio  then  attacks  him, 
and  would  have  slain  him  if  Duessa  had 
not  promised  to  be  his  bride.  Having 
cast  the  Red  Cross  Knight  into  a  dun- 
geon, Orgoglio  dresses  his  bride  in  most 
gorgeous  array,  puts  on  her  head  "a 
triple  crown "  (the  tiara  of  the  pope), 
and  seta  her  on  a  monster  beast  with 
"  seven  heads"  (the  seven  hills  of  Home). 
Una  (truth)  sends  Arthur  (England)  to 
rescue  the  captive  knight,  and  Arthur 
slays  Orgoglio,  wounds  the  beast,  re- 
leases the  knight,  and  strips  Duessa  of 
her  finery  (the  Reformation)  ;  whereupon 
she  flies  into  the  wilderness  to  conceal 
her  shame  (canto  7). — Spenser  Faery 
Queen,  i.  (1590). 

Duessa,  in  bk.  v.,  allegorizes  Mary 
queen  of  Scots.  She  is  arraigned  by 
Zeal  before  queen  Mercilla  (Elizabeth), 
and  charged  with  high  treason.  Zeal 
sa/s  he  shall  pass  by  for  the  present 
"  isr  counsels  false  conspired"  with 
R>andamour  (earl  of  Northumberland),  and 
Paridel  (earl  of  Westmoreland,  leaders  of 
the  insurrection  of  15(59),  as  that  wicked 
'jlot    came    to    naught,    and    the    false 


Duessa  was  now  "an  untitled  queen." 
When  Zeal  had  finished,  an  old  sage 
named  the  Kingdom's  Care  (lord  Bury  hie  y) 
spoke,  and  opinions  were  divided.  Au- 
thority, Law  of  Nations,  and  Religion 
thought  Duessa  guilty,  but  Pity,  Danger, 
Nobility  of  Birth,  and  Grief  pleaded  in 
her  behalf.  Zeal  then  charges  the  pri- 
soner with  murder,  sedition,  adultery, 
and  lewd  impiety  ;  whereupon  the  sen- 
tence of  the  court  was  given  against  her. 
Queen  Mercilla,  being  called  on  to  pasi 
sentence,  was  so  overwhelmed  with  grief 
that  she  rose  and  left  the  court. — Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen,  v.  9  (159G). 

Duff  (Jamie),  the  idiot  boy  attending 
Mrs.  Bertram's  funeral. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Manneriny  (time,  George  II.). 

Duglas,  the  scene  of  four  Arthurian 
battles.  The  Duglas  is  said  to  fall  into 
the  estuary  of  the  Ribble.  The  Paris 
MS.  and  Henry  of  Huntingdon  says, 
"  Duglas  qui  est  in  regione  Inniis."  But 
where  is  "Inniis"  1  There  is  a  township 
called  "  Ince,"  a  mile  south-west  of 
Wigan,  and  Mr.  Whitaker  says,  "six 
cwt.  of  horse-shoes  were  taken  up  from 
a  space  of  ground  near  that  spot  during 
the  formation  of  a  canal  ; "  so  that  this 
"  Ince"  is  supposed  to  be  the  place  re- 
ferred to. 

Duke  (My  lord),  a  duke's  servant, 
who  assumes  the  airs  and  title  of  his 
master,  and  is  addressed  as  "Your 
grace,"  or  "  My  lord  duke."  He  was 
first  a  country  cowboy,  then  a  wig- 
maker's  apprentice,  and  then  a  duke's  ser- 
vant. He  could  neither  write  nor  read, 
but  was  a  great  coxcomb,  and  set  up  for 
a  tip-top  fine  gentleman. — Rev.  J.  Town- 
ley,  Hijh  Life  Below  Stairs  (1763). 

Duke  (The  Iron),  the  duke  of  Welling- 
ton, also  called  "The  Great  Duke" 
(1769-1852). 

Duke  and  Duchess,  in  pt.  II.  of 

Don  Quixote,  who  play  so  many  sportive 
tricks  on  "the  Knight  of  the  Woeful 
Countenance,"  were  don  Carlos  de  Borja 
count  of  Ficallo  and  donna.  Maria  of 
Aragon  duchess  of  Villaher'mora  his 
wife,  in  whose  right  the  count  held  ex- 
tensive estates  on  the  banks  of  the  Ebro, 
among  others  a  country  seat  called 
Buena'via,  the  place  referred  to  by  Cer- 
vantes (1615). 

Duke  of  Mil'an,  a  tragedy  by 
Massinger  (1622).  A  play  evidently  in 
iuuuuiou      of      Shakespeare'.      Othello. 


DUKE  I  OMBK 


DUMARIX. 


"  Sf..r/.a  "     is      Othello  :      " 

!  "  Marvelia,"     I  IwiIwiiiiih 

■  -ui,"  Emilia.    Bforza  "tli.  v 

itki]  doted  I'll  Mar  i];:i  his  yOUHg 
l.rnle,     who     amply     returned     his     1"\»". 

Krancc»i-ii,  Bforza's  favourite,  being  li- ft 
lord  protector  of  Milan  dunng  a  tem- 
porary   absence    Of     the     iluk'-,    tried     to 

eorropt  afarcelia ;    imt   failing  in  this, 

MOBMd    her    to    BforU     Of     wan' 

ike.  believing  his  tarourite,  slew 
hit  beautiful  young  bride.     I    ■ 
Francesco's  villainy  was  that  the  duke 
bad  reduced  his  aiati  r  Eugenia. 

*«,*  Bbaki  iy  '■•■  is  i  rmluced 

1611,  about  eleven  yean  before  Karri n- 
rer'a  tragedy.      In  act   r.   1   we  have, 

'•  Ifen'l    injuries    we    write    in 
which  brings  to  mind  Shakespeare's  line, 
'•  Mail's  evil  manners  live  in  brass,  their 
virtues  wt  write  in  water." 

(Cnmberland  reproduced  this  drama, 
with  some  alterations,  in  178 

Duko     Combe,     William     I 
author  of  /v.  8>/ntax,  and  translator  of 
7V  /'in/  Uj    <i  fcs,  from  I  ■■  Diable 

He  w  u  call< 
frum  the  splendour  of  his  dress,  the  pro- 
fnaion  of  his  table,  and  the  magnificence 
of  his  deportment.  The  last  fifteen  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  King's  Bench 
(1743-  1 

Duke  Street  (Portman  Square, 
London).  Be  called  from  William  Bentick, 
seoond  duke  of  Portland.  [St  e  1  n  <  m  m 
Stout.) 

ndon).      So 
named   from    George   Villiera,   duke   of 

Buckingham. 

.    the  surname  or 
titular  name.) 

Duko's, »  fashionable  theatre  in  the 
f  Charles  II.     It  was  in  Portugal 

.  Lin. -I. Im's   Inn   i 
in   OOmpliment    to  .lames   duke   id    J    rfc 
•  II.),  its  gn 

Dulcanm'rn,     (Dr.),     *n     itinerant 
in,  noted  f..r  hi  ;  very 

!,    and     a     tin  rough     charlatan. — 

Doni  ■ 
Dulcarnon.   (Bt  •  I'm  i  ILuuri  in. 

Duhifluoua  Doc:  An- 

panish   minorite  of  the  Datu 
! 

Dulcin'on,  dol  Tobo'so,  the  tody 
,f  .   •    devotion 

..    tr.  in      loured   ci  untry   w<  nch,   of   as 


•it  village,  with  whom  the  it  a  >u 
d  name  w 

ras  l-ori-nzo 
Corchnelo,    and  Udonsa 

N 

ft.    I.    ii.    II.— Cervantes,    Von   QuuruU, 
.  i.  1  C 


Ilrr  a  »l..f  hair."  aara  tha  knkcht.  "la  of  i.  A.  t  *r  f  f*. 

I  ■rrtiBSL 

.\  pair  of  glurt.ua  inn*.  Imt  Ska  •       ■  id 


heo»l  Dm  Kljaia.i  Acl.l*.  t.rr  crrt       -  '     • 


rrlaatUli 


roam,  bar  lip*  two  cnrml  portal,  that  guard  bar  TariJt  at 
(wart,   bar   nark    W   alah—lar.   bar    I  .  . 

Irory.  anJ  bar  buwao  vbila)  u~»-.  tl.a  i.»»  !*a»a 

"Ska  Li  not  »  .|.-kti..1.«i:  ■  f  i)  a  amirnt  (VI  rartll.  a*d 

' 

dwi.iLi    ' 

'■.'■: 

tlir  AlcliaUtn*.    i'ftlU*.  ..  • 

drrire*  tier  urigm  from  tli.  fan. 

.  '.rtuui  ut  all." — Ccnautc*.  l**n  v«u 
(1*SS» 

Aik  rou  f.>r  wh-ni  my  tran  d 

■ 
/*.  ««•■•■-".  1    I"-  I'  '.!*»» 

Dull,* constable.— Shakei , 

Du'niaohus.  The  ii 
so  called  in  Longfellow  - 
and  the  penitent  thief  is  ealh 

In    the  apocryphal    i 

■  be  impenitent  thiei  l( nataa, 

and  the  pemti 

In  the  story  of 
impenitent  I  nee,  and  the 

Alta  i  •  '  n-.a  r.r-maa. 

A    Jlvulta*  (  l.im  la  .v«r.  avuj,  ,  *tr*«a 

I'iuiuu  In  paralur  » 

boaa  Lb  lot  In 

Dttmain,  a  French  lord  in  attendance 
mi    Ferdinand    king    of    Navarre.      Ha 

.  to  s|  i  ml  tl 

in  study,  during  whit  b 

tl  l  roacb  the  •    nit.    i  'f  com 

le,  and 
Dumain    fell    in 

When,    how. 

Katharine  d.  f.  rud  h.  : 

month  :    '""* 

"  his  i  . 

da    that 

..had  routh, 

- 

.     .    .ta*i 

Pu'llKW".  m'rajnl, 

,   ii.  I. 


DUMAS. 


27* 


DUNCIAD. 


Dumas  (Alexandre  D.),  in  1845,  pub- 
lished sixty  volumes. 

The  most  skilfulcopyi.it,  writing  12  hours  a  day.  can  with 
difficulty  do  3!XW  letters  in  an  hour,  which  gives  him 
4(i.8o0  |>er  diem,  or  6")  pages  of  a  romance.  Thus  he 
could  copy  5  volumes  octavo  per  month  and  60  in  a  year, 
iupposing  that  he  did  not  lose  one  second  of  time,  but 
worked  without  ceasing  12  hours  every'  day  throughout  the 
entire  year.— Do  Mirecourt.  Dumas  Pire  (1867). 

Dumb  Ox  (The).  St.  Thomas 
Aqui'nas  was  so  called  by  his  fellow- 
students  at  Cologne,  from  his  taciturnity 
and  dreaminess.  Sometimes  called  "The 
Great  Dumb  Ox  of  Sicily."  He  was  large- 
bodied,  fat,  with  a  brown  complexion, 
and  a  large  head  partly  bald. 

Of  a  truth,  it  almo  t  makes  me  laugh 

To  lee  men  leaving  the  golden  grain, 

To  gather  in  piles  the  pitiful  chaff 

That  old  Peter  Lomhnnl  thrashed  with  his  brain. 

To  have  It  caught  up  and  tossed  again 

On  the  horns  of  the  Dumb  Ox  of  Cologne. 

Longfellow,  The  OoUUn  Legend. 

(Thomas  Aquinas  was  subsequently 
called  "  The  Angelic  Doctor,"  and  the 
"Angel  of  the  Schools,"  1224-1274.) 

Dumbiedikes  (The  old  laird  of),  an 
exacting  landlord,  taciturn  and  obstinate. 

The  laird  of  IXnnbiodikes  had  hitherto  been  moderate 
In  his  exactions  .  .  .  hut  when  a  stout,  active  young 
fellow  appeared  ...  he  hegnu  to  think  so  broad  ■  pall 
of  shoulders  might  hear  mi  additional  burden.  He  regu- 
lated, Indeed,  his  management  of  his  dependent!  as 
carters  do  their  horses,  never  failing  to  clap  an  additional 
brace  of  liiindred-weigliU  on  a  new  and  willing  horse.— 
Chap.  8  (1818). 

The  young  laird  of  Dumbiedikes  (3  s;/l.), 
a  bashful  young  laird,  in  love  with  Jeanie 
Deans,  but  Jeanie  marries  the  presby- 
terian  minister,  Reuben  Butler. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
11.). 

Dum'merar  ( The  Rev.  Dr.),  a  friend 
of  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Pevcril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Dummy  or  Sitkknimkkary.  "Ce- 
limeue,"  in  the  l're'ckuses  Ridicules,  does 
not  utter  a  single  word,  although  she 
enters  with  other  characters  on  the  stage. 

Dumtous'tie  (Mr.  Daniel),  a  young 
barrister,  and  nephew  of  lord  Bladder- 
skate. — Sir  W.  Scott,  liedjauntlet  (time, 
George  III.). 

Dun  (Squire),  the  hangman  who 
came  between  Richard  Brandon  and  Jack 
Ketch. 

And  presently  a  halter  got. 
Blade  of  the  best  strong  hempen  teer. 
And  ere  a  cat  could  lick  his  ear, 
Had  tied  him  up  with  as  much  art 
As  Dun  himself  could  do  tor's  heart. 

Cotton,  Virgil  Iravettial.  iv.  (1677). 

Dun  Cow  (The),  slain  by  sir  Guy 
of  Warwick  on  Dunsmore  Heath,  was  the 
cow   kept    by  a  giant    in   Mitehel    Fold 


[middle-fold],  Shropshire.  Its  milk  waa 
inexhaustible.  One  day  an  old  woman, 
who  had  rilled  her  pail,  wanted  to  fill  her 
sieve  also  with  its  milk,  but  this  so  en- 
raged the  cow  that  it  broke  away,  and 
wandered  to  Dunsmore,  where  it  waa 
killed. 

%*  A  huge  tusk,  probably  an  ele- 
phant's, is  still  shown  at  Warwick  Castle 
as  one  of  the  horns  of  this  wonderful 
cow. 

Dunbar  and  March  (George  earl 
of),  who  deserted  to  Henry  IV.  of  Eng- 
land, because  the  betrothal  of  his  daughter 
Elizabeth  to  the  king's  eldest  son  waa 
broken  off  by  court  intrigue. 

Elizabeth  Dunbar,  daughter  of  the  earl 
of  Dunbar  and  March,  betrothed  to  prince 
Robert  duke  of  Rothsay,  eldest  son  of 
Robert  III.  of  Scotland.  The  earl  of 
Douglas  contrived  to  set  aside  this  be- 
trothal in  favour  of  his  own  daughter 
Elizabeth,  who  married  the  prince,  and 
became  duchess  of  Rothsay. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Duncan  "the  Meek,"  king  of  Scot- 
land, was  son  of  Crynin,  and  grandson  of 
Malcolm  II.,  whom  he  succeeded  on  the 
throne.  Macbeth  was  the  son  of  the 
younger  sister  of  Duncan's  mother,  and 
hence  Macbeth  and  Duncan  were  first 
cousins.  Sueno  king  of  Norway  having 
invaded  Scotland,  the  command  of  the 
army  was  entrusted  to  Macbeth  and  Ban- 
quo,  and  so  great  was  their  success  that 
only  ten  men  of  the  invading  army  were 
left  alive.  After  the  battle,  king  Duncan 
paid  a  visit  to  Macbeth  in  his  castle  of 
Inverness,  and  was  there  murdered  by 
his  host.  The  successor  to  the  throne  was 
Duncan's  son  Malcolm,  but  Macbeth 
usurped  the  crown. — Shakespeare,  Mac- 
beth (1G0G). 

Duncan  (Captain),  of  Knockdunder, 
agent  at  Roseneath  to  the  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Duncan  (Duroch),  a  follower  of  Donald 
Bean  Lean. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Waxserley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Dunce,  wittily  or  wilfully  derived 
from  Duns,  surnamed  "  Scotus." 

In  Uie  Gaelic,  domit  [main*]  "bad  luck."  or  In  con- 
tempt, "a  poor  Ignorant  creature."  The  Lowland  Scotch 
has  domie,  "  unfortunate,  stupid." — Nottt  and  iveric*, 
226.  September  ill.  1878. 

Dun'ciad  ("  the  dunce-epic")  a  satire 
by  Alexander  Pope — written  to  revcrign 


DUNDAS. 


279 


DUNS  SCOTUS. 


himself  upon  hie  literary  en<  mies.     The 

iilnt  is  thi.~:    Eusden  thejpoel  laureate 
Being  dead,  the  goddi  u  of  I  >u 
Colley  Cibber  as  oil  successor.    The  in- 
stallation  is   celebrated    by  , 
most  important  being   the  "reading    of 
two  voluminous  works,  one  in  rer 
the  other   in    prose,  without  nodding." 
King  Cibber  ia  then  taken  to  the  temple 
of  Dulness,  ami  lulled  to   sleep  on  the 
lap  of  the  goddess      In  his  dream  he  sees 
the  triumphs  of  the  empire.     Finally,  the 
goddess  having  established  the  kingdom 
t»n    a   tirui  basis,  Night  and  Chaos  are 
restored,  and  the  I »» **■  n i  ends  (1728  42). 

Dundas  (Sort at  on),  Henrv  Dundas, 

first  lord  Melville.    So  called  because  he 

introduced  into  the  language  the  word 
ttarvation,  in  a  speech  on  American 
affairs  (1775). 

D under  (flsV  Hind),  of  Dander  Hall, 
near  Dover.  An  hospitable,  conceited, 
whimsical  old  gentleman,  who  for  ever 
interrupts  a  speaker  with  "  Kes,  yes.   I 

know  it,"  or  "  Be  uuiet,  1  know  it."      He 

rarely  finishes  a  sentence,  but  runs  on  in 
this  style:  "  Dover  is  an  odd  sort  ol  s 

eh  ?"    "  It  is  a  dingy  kind  of  a — liumidi  !  " 

•'The  ladies  will  be  happy  to  eh?"  He 
is  the  father  of  two  daughters,  Harriet 
and  Kitty,  whom  he  accidentally  detects 
in  the  act  of  eloping  with  two  guests. 
To  prevent  a  scandal,  he  sanctions  the 
marriages,  and    discovers  that   the  two 

lovers,  both  in  family  and  fortune,  are 
suitable  sons-in-law. 

Lady  Dunder,  fat,  fair,  and  forty  if 
not  more.  A  country  lady,  more  fond  of 
making  jams  and   pastry  than   doing   the 

fine  lady,  she  pref(  rs  cooking  to  cro- 
quet, and  making  the  kettle  sing  to  sing- 
ing herself.  (See  Harriet  and  Kitty.) 
-  I ..  (  olman,  Ways  and  Means  1 1  i 

William  DowtOB  [\T<U 
luto,"  "  l    inder,"  mid  "»lr 

John  Kal.ta/i.'  mil  Ir.'r.!  Hie  v.  r>  rli.  iraclcri  lis  -eprc- 
•silled.— W.  UiudiLiuii,  llccolltctlotu. 

%•  "Sir  Anthony  Absolute,"  in  Tlte 
/  Sheridan)      "  -ir  Peter    I 

in  The  School  fur  aoandal  (Sheridan). 

Dundrcar'y  (!■•  rd),  a  good-natured, 
nL       blundering,      empl  \ 

Swell  ;   the   chief  char*  !■  IT   n    Tom   Tav- 

Lramatic  piece  entitled  "',,• 
itly  chara 
admiration  of  "  Brothei  Sam,"  for 
ins  incapacity  to  follow  out 

train  of  thought,  and  for  BU| 
til  arc  ,   from  him. 

(Mr.  Sotlurn  of  the  llaymarkcl  created 


this  character  by  bis  pr  wer  of  concepti  n 
and  the  genius  of  his  acting.) 

Duned'i  Edinburgh 

*  *«ret  .horlc. 
Bvrnn.  BnjIitS  Jlardt  md  Scotc*  Rrrimmrrt  (180|»l 

Dunlat.hmon 
NuCth,  father  of  Oithon  'ssian, 

Oithc 

Dunmow  Flitch  (The),   giv<n   to 
any  married  couple  who,  at  I 
the  first  Mar  of  th<ir  marriage,  can  uk«- 
their  oath  they  have  di 

themselves  unmarried  Sgain.      l'r. 

sent  a  gammon  to  the  |  uiotU 

and    her    consort,    prince   Leopold,    while 
they  were  at  Clan  mont  1 1 

%*  A  similar  custom  is  observed  at  th 
manor    of    Wichenor,     in    SI 
where  corn  as  well  as  bacon  is  given  tc 

the  "  happy  pair." 

B  list   of  those  who  have  r> 
the    Hitch    from    its  establishmenl 
Dictionary  uf  Phnut  and  Fable,  261.) 

Dunois  {The  oovnt  ■/  I,   in    sir   \V. 
Scott's  novel  of  Qntnttm  I'm 
Edward  IV.). 

Dunois   the   Brave,  hero  of  the 
famous   French  song,   set    to   mo 
queen  Hortenae,  mother  of  Napoleon  III., 
ami    called    Partant   )»"tr    Surie.      His 
prayer   to   the    Virgin,    when   he    !• 
Syria,  was  : 

Qii*  J'aJmr  I 

I  .UlaiiL 

He  behaved  with  (treat  valour,  and  the 

count  whom  he  followed  gave   him  his 

daughter  to  wife.     The  guests,  on  the 
bridal  day,  all  cried  aloud  : 

Amour  a  1 1  |>lui  bell*  ! 

W.r.L.  b)  M    dc  Utxvde  (190S>» 

Duil'ovor,   a   poor  gentleman    intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  the  introduction 

II.). 

Dunrommnth.  lord  of  I 
of  the  <  >rkne\  -.     He  carrii  i 
daughb 

.1,  son   of    I 

lain  by  Gaul  in  I 

Qaul  a.1  '»C.     il.ru  V    l» 

■ 

;  Ui.  l.c*.l  m  II 
In  Sari 

Dvi'  lh.  Bnbtle 

at  1 
in  Hera  ickshire,  or  I  Mr 
umberland  > 

i 


DUN-SHUNNER. 


280 


DUROTIGES. 


("Erin-bom"),  is  quite  another  per- 
son (*-88G).  Erigena  is  sometimes  called 
"  Scotus  the  Wise,"  and  lived  four  cen- 
turies before  "The  Subtle  Doctor." 

Dun-Shunner  (Awjustus),  a  nom  de 
plume  of  professor  William  Edmonstoune 
Avtoun,  in  Blackwood's  Magazine  (1813- 
1865). 

Dunsmore  Cross  or  Hijh  Cross,  the 
centre  of  England. 

Hence,  Muse,  divert  Uiy   course  to  Dunsmore,  by   that 

cross 
Where  Ihose  two  mighty  wan,  the  Walling  and  the  Foe*. 
Our  centre  seem  to  cut. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion.  rill.  (1613). 

Dunstable  (Downryht),  plain  speak- 
ing ;  hunt  honesty  of  speech  :  calling  a 
Bpade  a  spade,  without  euphemism. 
Other  similar  phases  are  Plain  Dunstable ; 
Dunstable  way,  etc.,  in  allusion  to  the 
proverb,  "As  plain  as  Dunstable  high- 
wuv." — Howell,  Epist.  Howel.,  2  ;  Florio, 
Diet.,  17,  85. 

That's  flat,  sir,  as  you  may  say,  "downright  Dunstable." 
—Mrs.  Oliphant,  Vhabt.jan.,  U.  3. 

Duns'tan  (St.).  patron  saint  of  gold- 
smiths and  jewellers.  He  was  a  smith, 
and  worked  up  all  sorts  of  metals  in  his 
cell  near  Glastonbury  Church.  It  was  in 
this  cell  that,  according  to  legend,  Satan 
hud  a  gossip  with  the  saint,  and  Dunstan 
caught  his  sable  majesty  by  the  nose  with 
a  pair  of  red-hot  forceps. 

Dunthal'mo,  lord  of  Teutha  (the 
Tweed).  He  went  "in  his  pride  against 
Rathmor"  chief  of  Clutha  (the  Clyde), 
but  being  overcome,  "his  rage  arose,"  and 
he  went  "by  night  with  nil  warriors" 
and  slew  Kathmor  in  his  banquet  hall. 
Touched  with  pity  for  his  two  young 
sons  (Calthon  and  Colmar),  he  took  them 
to  his  own  house  and  brought  them  up. 
"They  bent  the  bow  in  his  presence,  and 
went  forth  to  his  wars."  liut  observing 
that  their  countenances  fell,  Dunthalmo 
began  to  be  suspicious  of  the  young  nun, 
and  shut  them  up  in  two  separate  caves 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tweed,  where  neither 
"the  sun  penetrated  by  day  nor  the  moon 
by  night."  Colmal  "  (the  daughter  of 
Dunthalmo),  disguised  as  a  young  war- 
rior, loosed  Calthon  from  his  bonds,  and 
rled  with  him  to  the  court  of  Fingal,  to 
crave  aid  for  the  liberation  of  Colmar. 
Fingal  sent  liis  son  Ossian  with  300  men 
to  effect  this  object,  but  Dunthalmo, 
hearing  of  their  approach,  gathered  to- 
gether his  strength  and  slew  Colmar.  He 
also  seized  Calthon,  mourning  for  his 
brother,  and  bound  him  to  an  oak.  At 
daybreak  Ossian  moved  to  the  light,  slew 


Dunthalmo,  and  having  released  Calthon, 
"  gave  him  to  the  white-bosomed  Col- 
mal."— Ossian,  Calthon  and  Colmal. 

Dupely  (Sir  Charles),  a  man  who 
prided  himself  on  his  discernment  of 
character,  and  defied  any  woman  to  en- 
tangle him  in  matrimony  ;  but  he  mistook 
lady  Bab  Lardoon,  a  votary  of  fashion, 
for  an  unsophisticated  country  maiden, 
and  proposed  marriage  to  her. 

"  I  should  like  to  see  the  woman."  he  says,  "that  could 
entangle  me.  .  .  .  Shew  me  a  woman  .  .  .  and  at  tha 
first  glance  1  wil'  4uco>er  the  whule  extent  of  her  artifice  * 
— Burguyue,  Tht  Haid  of  tht  OaJu.  L  1. 

Dupre  [Du.pray'],  a  servant  of  M. 
Darleinont,  who  assists  his  master  in 
abandoning  Julio  count  of  Haranoour 
(his  ward)  in  the  streets  of  Paris,  for  the 
sake  of  becoming  possessor  of  his  ward's 
property.  Dupre'  repents  and  confesses 
the  crime. — Th.  Holcxoft,  The  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (1785). 

Duran'dal,  the  sword  of  Orlando, 
the  workmanship  of  fairies.  So  admirable 
was  its  temper  that  it  would  "cleave  the 
1'vrenees  at  a  blow." — Anosto,  Orlando 
J-urivso  (151G). 

Durandar'te  (4  syl.),  a  knight  who 
fell  at  RonOMTalldl  (4  syl.).  Durandurte 
loved  Uelerma,  whom  he  served  for 
years,  and  was  then  slain  ;  but  in  dying 
he  requested  his  cousin  ilontesi'uos  to 
take  his  heart  to  I'.elcrnia. 

Sweet  in  manners,  f.iir  in  favour, 
WilJ  in  temper,  fierce  in  tight. 

Urwia. 

Dur'den  (Dame),  a  notable  country 
gentlewoman,  who  kept  live  men-servants 
"to  use  the  spade  and  flail,"  and  live 
women-servants  "to  carry  the  niilken- 
pail."  The  five  men  loved  the  five  maids. 
Their  names  were : 

Moll  and  Bet,  and  Doll  and  Kate,  and  Dorothy  Draggle- 
tail; 

John  and  Dick,  and  Joe  and  Jack,  and  Humphrey  with 
his  Bail. 

A   Wefl-tnotm  <llr». 

(In  Bleak  House,  by  C.  Dickens,  Esther 
Summerson  is  playfully  called  "  Dame 

Durden.") 

Duretete  (Captain),  a  rather  heavy 
gentleman,  who  takes  lessons  of  gallantry 
from  his  friend,  young  Mirabel.  Very 
bashful  with  ladies,  and  for  ever  sparring 
with  liisirre,  who  teazes  him  unmerci- 
fully [Dure-tait,  Be-zar']. — G.  Farquhar, 
TU  Inconstant  (170.'). 

Durinda'na,  Orlando's  sword,  giver 
him  by  his  cousin  Malagi'gi.  Thit 
sword  and  the  horn  Olifant  were  buried 
at  the  feet  of  the  hero. 


DURWARD. 

%*  Charlemagne's  sword  "  Joyeuse  " 
was  also  tmried  with  him,  and  "  Tizo'na" 
was  buried  with  the  Cid. 

Duroti'ges  (1  s///.).  Below  the 
Hedai  (those  of  Somersetshire)  <-.-ime  the 
Durotiges,  sometimes  called  tioVlni. 
Their  capital  was  Du'rlnam  (/'  rch 

and   their  territory  extended  to  Yindel'ia 
(I'ortUtiul  Isle).  —  Richard  of  Cirencester, 

Ancient  State  of  Britain,  vi.  15. 

The  DuroUges  on  the  Dorsetian  Rand 

Drayton,  rulyoibion.  xvl  (1C13). 

Durward  (Quentin),  hero  and  title 
•jf  a  novel  by  sir  \V.  Scott.  (Quentin 
fhirward  is  the  nephew  of  Ludovic  Lesly 
(snmamed  Le  balafre).  lie  enrolls  him- 
self in  the  Scottish  ^cn«.rd,  a  Company 
of  archers  in  the  pay  of  Louis  XI.  at 
Rlessis  hs  Tours,  and  saves  the  king  in 
a  boar-hunt.  When  Liege  is  assaulted 
by  insurgents,  Quentin  Durward  and  the 
countess  Isahelle  dc  Croye  escape  on 
horseback.  The  countess  publicly  refuses 
to  marry  the  due  d'(  Means,  and  ultimately 
marries  the  young  Scotchman. 

Dusronnal,  one  of  the  two  steeds 
of  Cuthullin  general  of  the  Irish  tribes. 
The  other  was  "  Sulin-Sifadda  "  ('/.t'.). 

Before  the  left  side  of  the  car  Is  seen  the  snorting 
horse.  The  tbln-maned,  high-beaded,  strong-hoofed, 
fleet,  bounding  no  of  the  hill.  His  name  i-  Duxrotinal, 
■BsODg  the  stormy  sons  of  the  sword  .  .  .  thefts* 
like  wreaths  of  mist  flyover  the  vales.  The  wfldnaaj  of 
deer  is  in  their  course,  the  strength  of  eagles  fllMOWIllllig 
on  the  prey. — Oadan,  t'ingal,  L 

Dutch  School  of  painting,  noted 
for  its  exactness  of  detail  and  truthful- 
ness to  life  : — 

For  portraits :  Rembrandt,  Bol,  Flinck, 
Hals,  and  Yanderhclst. 

For  conversation  pieces:  Gerhard  Douw, 
Terburg,  Metzu,  Miens,  and  Netscher. 

For  Iw.c  life:  Ostard,  Bower,  and  .Ian 
Ste.en. 

For  landscapes:  Rnysdael,  ITobbe'ma, 
Cuyp,  Vanderneer  (moonlight  scenes), 
lVerchem,  and  A.  Both. 

For  lj<ittie  scenes :  Wouvcrmans  and 
lluchtenbnrg. 

For  marine  pieces:  Vandevelde  and 
Sakhuizen. 

For  still  life  and  flowers :  Half,  A.  van 

Utrecht,  Van  lluvsum,  and  I  >e  II  ecu:. 

JDutton  (Mrs.  J'tiUij),  dairy-maid  to 
the  duke  of  Argyll.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
■jf  Midlothian  (time.  Ueorgc  II.). 

Dwarf.       The     following     are     tvlc- 

bratod  dwarfs  of  real  life: — 

Anhkomkha,  3  feet  I  inches.  One  of 
wulia's  free  maids. 

AkistkXtus,   the    j.oet.      "So    Binall," 


281  DWARF. 


says  Athenxos,  "  that  no  one  could  see 
him." 

Bbbb  (-'  ."//.),  2  feet  0  inches.  The 
dwarf  of  Stanislas  kin;,'  of  Roland  (died 
L764). 

J'.oltlWI.ASKI 

4   inches.      Died    aged      - 

lie    had    a    brother    and    a    sister    both 

dwarfs. 

BUCHIBGEB  (Matthew),  who  had  no 
arms  or  legs,  tmtfinS  from  the  shoulders, 
lie  could  draw,  wrile,  thread  Di 
ami  play  the  hautboy,  l'ac-siniiles  of 
his  writing  are  preserved  among  the 
Harleian  MSS.  (bom  1674-*). 

Chung,  recently  exhibited  with  Chang 
the  giant. 

CoLO'b&I  (Prince),  of  SleaWig,  25 
inches;  weight,  25  lbs.  (l*"<lj. 

C0NOPA8,  2  iVrt  •;  inches.  One  of  the 
dwarfs  of  Julia,  niece  of  Augustus. 

COFPBBBIB,  the  dwarf  of  the  princess 
of  Wales,  mother  of  George  111.  The 
last  court-dwarf  in  England! 

Cbachami  (Caroline))  a  Sicilian,  bora 
at  Palermo.  20  inches.  Her  skeleton  is 
preserved  in  Hunter's  Museum  (1814- 
1824). 

Dkckku  or  DuCXBB  (John),  2  feet 
G  inches.     An  Englishman  (1610). 

FaRBBL  (Owen),  8  feet  'J  inches.  Rorn 
at  Cavan.  lie  was  of  enormous  strength 
(died  1742). 

Fbrby  (Nicholas),  usually  called 
contemporary  with  Boruwlaski.     He  was 
a  native  of   France.     Height  at  death, 
2  feet  'J  inches  (died  17 

GlBSOB  (Ji'ichard)  and  his  wife  Anne 
Shepherd.  Neither  of  them  -I  feet. 
Gibson  was  a  noted  portrait  painter,  ami 
a  page  of  the  back-stairs  in  the  court  of 
Charles  I.  The  king  honoured  the  wed- 
ding with  his  presence;  and  they  had 
nine  children  (1615-  1690). 

'  or  cham-e  make,  otlien  wire. 
But  Nature  did  this  match  001 

HUDSOB    I  ),   18   inches.      He 

was   bom  at    Oakham,  in    Rutlandshire 
(1619  1678). 

LUCIUS,  2  feet  j  weight,  17  lbs.  The 
dwarf  of  the  cmper'T  Augustus. 

Rim. I  'l  \s,  a   poet.  SO   small   th:  • 
wore  li  aden  ahoCfl  to  prc\  cut  being  blow  D 
away  by  the  w  md  "  (died  B.I  . 

Philips    (Calvin)   weighed   less  than 

•J  lbs.      His   thighs  were  not  thicker  than 
a  man's  thumb.      He  was  born  at  l'.ndge- 

water,  Massachusetts,  in  1791. 

RiTCBIl    (Land),    3    feet    6    inches. 
laia. 


DWARF. 


282 


DYING  SAYINGS. 


Souvray  (Therese). 

Stoberin  (C.  If.)  of  Nuremberg  was 
less  than  3  feet  at  the  age  of  20.  His 
father,  mother,  brothers,  and  sisters  were 
all  under  the  medium  height. 

Thumb  (General  Tom).  His  real  name 
was  Charles  S.  Stratton  ;  25  inches  ; 
weight,  25  lbs.,  at  the  age  of  25.  Born 
at  Bridgeport,  Connecticut,  United  States, 
in  1832. 

Thumb  (Tom),  2  feet  4  inches.  A 
Dutch  dwarf. 

Xit,  the  royal  dwarf  of  Edward  VI. 

%*  Nicephorus  Calistus  tells  us  of  an 
Egyptian  dwarf  "  not  bigger  than  a 
partridge." 

Dwarf  of  lady  Clerimond  was  named 
Pac'olet.  He  had  a  winged  horse,  which 
carried  off  Valentine,  Orson,  and  Cleri- 
mond from  the  dungeon  of  Ferragus  to 
the  palace  of  king  Pepin  ;  and  subse- 
quently carried  Valentine  to  the  palace 
of  Alexander,  his  father,  emperor  of 
Constantinople.  —  Valentine  aiul  Orson 
(fifteenth  century). 

Dwarf  (The  Black),  a  fairy  of  malig- 
nant propensities,  and  considered  the 
author  of  all  the  mischief  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood. In  sir  Walter  Scott's  novel 
so  called,  this  imp  is  introduced  under 
various  aliases,  as  sir  Edward  Mauley, 
Elshander  the  recluse,  cannic  Elshie,  and 
ihe  Wise  Wight  of  Micklestane  Moor. 

Dwarf  Alberich,  the  guardian  of 
the  Niebelungen  hoard.  He  is  twice  van- 
quished by  Siegfried,  who  gets  possession 
of  his  cloak  of  invisibility,  and  makes 
himself  master  of  the  hoard. —  The  Niebe- 
lungen Lied  (1210). 

Dwarf  Peter,  an  allegorical  ro- 
mance by  Ludwig  Tieck.  The  dwarf  is 
a  castle  spectre,  who  advises  and  aids  the 
family,  but  all  his  advice  turns  out  evil, 
and  all  his  aid  is  productive  of  trouble. 
The  dwarf  is  meant  for  "the  law  in  our 
members,  which  wars  against  the  law  of 
our  minds,  and  brings  us  into  captivity 
to  the  law  of  sin." 

D  wining  (Henbane),  a  pottingar  or 
apothecarv. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 


Sayings    (real    or    tradi- 


Dying 
tional)  : 

Addison.  See  how  a  Christian  dies  I  or,  See  In  what 
peace  a  Christian  can  die  ! 

ANAXAOorak.     Give  the  boys  a  holiday. 

I!  Abria.     My  Pffitns.  it  is  not  painful 

t  AUGUSTUS.  Vosplaudite.  (After  asking  how  he  had 
acted  his  part  In  lire.)— Cicero. 

BbaUFOKI'  {Cardinal  Henry).     I  pray  you  all,  pray  for 


Berrt  [Side.  de).  Is  not  this  dying  with  courage  and 
true  greatness  7 

Bronte  (father  of  the  authoresses).  While  there  la 
life  there  is  will.     (He  died  standing.)  % 

Byron.    I  must  sleep  now. 

§  C  sab  {.lulius.  Et  tu.  Brute  1  (To  Brutus,  when 
he  stabbed  hln..) 

•  Charlemagne.  Lord,  into  Thy  hands  I  commend 
my  spirit  I 

Charles  I.  (of  England).  Remember.  (To  William 
Juxon.  archbishop  of  Canterbury.) 

Charles  II.  (of  England).  Don't  let  poor  NeUf 
starve  I     (Nell  Gwynne. ) 

Charles  V.     Ah  !  .U-.us. 

Charles  IX.  (of  France).  Nurse,  nurse,  what  runnier  I 
what  blood  1  Ob !  I  have  done  wrong.  God,  pardon 
me  I 

Charlotte  {The  princeu).  You  make  me  drink. 
Pray,  leave  me  quiet.     I  find  it  nffects  my  head. 

Chesterfield.     Give  Day  Holies  a  chair. 

•  Columbus.  Lord,  into  Thy  hands  I  commend  my 
spirit ! 

Cbome  [John).  0  Hobbima,  Hobbima,  how  I  do 
love  thee  I 

Cromwell.  My  desire  Is  to  make  what  haste  I  may 
to  be  gone. 

t  Dh.MoNAX  (the  philosopher).  You  may  go  home,  the 
show  is  over. — Luciau. 

Elden  {Lord).  It  matters  not  where  1  am  going, 
whether  the  weather  be  cold  or  hot 

Fontenellb.  I  suffer  nothing,  but  feel  a  sort  of 
difficulty  in  living  longer. 

Franklin.     A  dying  man  can  do  nothing  easy. 

Gainsborough.  We  are  all  going  to  heaven,  and 
Vandyke  is  of  the  company. 

George  IV.  Whatty,  what  Is  this?  It  Is  death,  my 
boy.  They  have  deceived  me.  (Said  to  his  page,  sir 
Wathen  Waller.) 

Gibbon.     Mon  Dieu  1  mon  Dieul 

I  Goethe.     More  light! 

Gregory  VII.  I  have  loved  justice  and  hated  Iniquity, 
therefore  I  die  in  exile. 

•  Grey  {Uuly  Jane).  Lord,  Into  Thy  hands  I  com- 
mend my  spirit ! 

Grotius.     Be  serious. 

Hauyn.     God  preserve  the  emperor  I 

Hai.i.er.     The  artery  ceases  to  lieat. 

Hazlitt.      I  have  led  a  happy  life. 

Houbes.  Now  am  I  about  to  take  my  last  voyage — a 
great  leap  In  the  dark. 

J  Hunter  [Dr.  William).  If  I  had  strength  to  hold 
a  pen.  I  would  write  down  how  easy  and  pleasant  a  thing 
it  is  to  die. 

lltvisn.     If  I  die.  I  die  unto  the  Lord.     Amen. 

James  V.  (of  Scotland).  It  came  with  a  lass,  and  will 
go  with  a  lass  (i.e.  the  Scotch  crown). 

JBFFBBSON  (of  America).  I  resign  my  spirit  to  Goa, 
my  daughter  to  my  country. 

Jesus  Christ,    it  is  finished . 

Johnson  {Or.).  God  bless  you,  my  dear  I  (To  Mim 
Morris  ) 

Knox.     Now  It  is  come. 

Lous  I.  Huz  I  huz  !  (Bouquet  says:  "  He  turned  his 
face  to  the  wall,  and  twice  cried,  '  Huz  I  huz  I  {out,  out). 
and  then  died.") 

Louis  IX.  I  will  enter  now  Into  the  house  ot  tin 
Lord. 

II  I.oi'is  XIV.  Why  weep  ye  7  Did  you  think  I  should 
live  for  evert  (Then,  after  a  pause.)  I  thought  dying 
had  been  harder 

t  Louis  XVIII.     A  king  should  die  standing. 
Mahomet.    O  Allah,  be  it  so  1    Henceforth  among  the 
glorious  host  of  paradise. 

Margaret  (of  Scotland,  wife  of  Louis  XL  of  France). 
Fi  de  la  vie  !  qu'on  ne  rn'en  parle  plus. 

Marik  Antoinette.  Farewell,  my  children,  for  ever. 
I  go  to  your  father, 

§  Ma.ssa.mello.  Ungrateful  traitors  1  (Said  to  the  as- 
sassins.) 

Mathews  {Charlet).     I  am  ready. 
MirabeaU.     Let   me  die   to   the  sounds  of  delicious 
music. 
Moody  (the  actor) : 

Reason  thus  with  life. 

If  I  do  lose  thee,  I  do  lose  a  thing 

Tint  none  but  fools  would  keep. 

Shakespeare. 
Moore  {Sir  John).     I  hope  my  country  will  do  ■*• 
justice. 


DYOTT  STREET. 


283 


rVABD  HUE. 


»»"i«">  L    Minium:   La  nation  rma 

farmAe: 

NaruUPiN  III.      Were  >ou  at  Solan  T     (To   Dr.  Cou- 

naanj 

I  i!i\nl>  Ood  I  haro  dons  mjt  duty. 

Una     Qnalu  arUfea  pereo  I 

I'almkm  (the  actor).  There  it  another  and  a  better 
eotn.trj.  iTi.i .  hr  uii.i  an  tl.,-  .v^..  :•  1*1, ,g  »  Hue  In  the 
part  he  wm  aclliu.      from  r tu-  .-</  i.iyrr  | 

i'lrr  liirtum).     Omjr  country.  Low  1  Iot«  theo  I 

I'liAHao      Jeaul 

Pops     Frfcmdablp  ItAclf  u  bat  a  part  of  rlrtue. 

Ull  Ul  down  llu-  ,-iirl.uii.  II.  a  fir.  e  U  orer. 
■,eurj*).  Lulawu  la  verdure  (Mi-aumg.  "  Leave 
groan,  do  not COW  It  ow-r  Willi  lni.kiur  atone." 

0  uid  waj  Mde    I>ude» anL  I 

BcSlUa      Manj  liiuiii  an  growing  plain  and  clear 
to  nir  understanding 
8urrr    Uftr     »a.ltr).     God   blon    r°u    all!     (To    lib 

k 

■UMBT    liV'iwil.       I    know    that    mjr    Redeemer 
■  -I  old  caua* 
■  ■  on  a  cock  10  vKaculapluj 
StaiIl  (A/oV.  uV>).     I  bars  loved  <>>!.  mv  lather,  and 
liberty 
1  Talma.    The  wont  U,  I  cannot  »e». 
*  mend  mjr  jplrlt ! 

Tni'aLnw  (/..rii).     I'll   be  Uiot  if  1  don't    bolicvu   I'm 

I   VEftPAMAN.     A  klncihould  die  itnndin,;. 

WIIXIAM  111.  (of  LiitiUnJl.     Can  thit  but  longt    (To 

dan.) 
tflLUAJl   it  rTAMAU.     0  God.  hare  merer  upon  rue. 
■  this  i--.r  uallnn  :    (Tliii  waj  >aid  as  he  wu  tliot 

.  --vi) 
'/eium').     Wliall  do  ther  run  already  ?  Then 

1  die  happy 

I    iraonuu).     Tli.it  which  I  then  laid  I  unnjr. 
That  which  1  now  lay  b  true.     (TliLi  to  I 
I  him  that  be  had  arcujo!  the  prl 
'  to  Die  council,  and  Dial  lie  11    ■ 

-  ruL) 

•„•  Those  names  preceded  by  similar 

pilcrowi  indicate  that  the  "dying  words" 

1  tn  them  are  identical  or  nearly 

I  i.u.s    th»-   *   before  Charli  i 
Colombo*,  lady  Jane  Grey,  and    I 

■howl  that   tli«- i r    ■  •    alike.     So 

with  tin-  t  before  Aogoatos,  Demonax, 
aitd  Rabelais  ;  the  X  before  Louie  XVIII. 
ami  Vespasian;  the  §  before  Cmear  ami 
niello  ;  the  ria,  Bonter, 

and  Looii  XITij  and  the  \  before  Goethe 

II  ma. 

Dyott  Streot  (Bloomabory  Bqoare, 

w  called  U  et  St. 

"In     in  v 

Chamber  thai  Sky  "  U  in 

T.    I'..    I. 

(17iM»). 

Dys'colus,  M 

liiamt,  by   Phim 
"  lie  nothing  liked  ur  pi 
Polly   deacribed  in  canto   viii.     ((J 

fretful.",) 
Dims,  Di    '  I)  ■mas,  the 

.     with     "Ur 

mai  or 

Alia  peUl  Dtamaa.  inf.  !n  li.rnna  uVwniaa 

r.r. 

■    »nil. 

Itaal 


E. 

Eadburgh.  dau-hter  of   Kdward  lh» 
Elder,  kmU'  of  England,  ami  Eatlgifo  hu 

wife.      When   tlip 

placed  "ii  t  u 

■  dahowed  hi 

■  ■  i  have. 
The  child  ch 
Edward    a  i 
wuulil    he    a    daoghter    of    G    L 

became    a    nun,    ainl    lived    and    di 
Hindi. 

Eagle    I  n   of  the   I. 

the  Ctmbrian    war,  the 
wolf,  the  bone,  and  the  boar  «• 
borne  ui 

these,  and  r.  .mlv.  henre 

called  emphatically  '•  I  Bird." 

■/•-'•'.  D»l,  Pindar,  a  native  ..f 

1 

Eagle  of  Brittany,  i 

goesclin,    cuusLi:  . 

Eagle  of  Divinos,  Thomaa 

.■1). 

Eagle  of  BCeaux   ;  •■  , 

Benigne  Boasnet,  bishop  LG27- 

1704). 

;lo  of  the  Doctors  of  Fr:. 
illy,    a   greal 
maintained   thai  foretold  the 

great  i 

laird  Of 

t    Saxons    or    Essex,   capital 
Colchester,     f ponded  nwin. 

■ 
ami,  according  to 
oiinster  Al'i 
temple  to   a 
verted  Into   i 
or  polled  down  ■■• 

calh-d 


1  tuaj  be 


I  .  rear 

•  W.'iril   H.«.\  I  1  hni»- 

man,    Maraton,     and     lien 

thu    dl 

I'    • 
• 


1"M  kll 

ll.-i..; 


EAST. 


284 


ECTOR  DE  MARIS. 


Easy  (Sir  Charles),  a  man  who 
hates  trouble ;  "  so  lazy,  even  in  his 
pleasures,  that  he  would  rather  lose  the 
woman  of  his  pursuit,  than  go  through 
any  trouble  in  securing  or  keeping  her." 
He  says  he  is  resolved  in  future  to  "  follow 
no  pleasure  that  rises  above  the  decree 
of  amusement."  "  When  once  a  woman 
comes  to  reproach  me  with  vows,  and 
usage,  and  such  stuff,  I  would  as  soon 
hear  her  talk  of  bills,  bonds,  and  eject- 
ments ;  her  passion  becomes  as  trouble- 
some as  a  law-suit,  and  I  would  as  soon 
converse  with  my  solicitor"  (act  iii.). 

Lady  Easy,  wife  of  sir  Charles,  who 
dearly  loves  him,  and  knows  all  his 
"  naughty  ways,"  but  never  shows  the 
slightest  indication  of  ill  temper  or 
jealousy.  At  last  she  wholly  reclaims 
him. — Colley  Cibber,  The  Careless  Hus- 
band (1704). 

Eberson  {Earl),  the  70002  6on  of 
William  de  la  Marck  "  The"  Wild  Roar  of 
Ardennes." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  Dur- 
uarJ  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Eblis,  monarch  of  the  spirits  of  evil. 
Once  an  angel  of  light,  but,  refusing  to 
worship  Adam,  he  lost  his  high  estate. 
Before  his  fall  he  was  called  Aza'zel. 
The  Koran  says  :  "When  We  [God]  said 
unto  the  angels,  'Worship  Adam,'  they 
all  worshipped  except  Eblis,  who  refused 
.  .  .  and  became  of  the  number  of  un- 
believers "  (ch.  ii.). 

His  person  was  that  of  a  young  man,  whose  noble  and 
regular  features  seemed  to  have  been  tarnished  by  malig- 
nant vapour*.  In  his  large  eyes  appeared  both  pride  and 
despair.  His  flowing  hair  retained  some  resemblance  to 
that  of  an  ange!  of  light.  In  his  hand  (which  thunder  had 
blasted)  lie  swayed  the  iron  sceptre  that  causes  the  afrita 
and  all  the  powers  of  the  abyss  to  tremble.— W.  Bickford, 
Yuthek  (17W). 

Ebon  Spear  (Knight  of  the),  Brito- 
mart,  daughter  of  king  Ryence  of  Wales. 
— Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  iii.  (1590). 

Ebrauc.sonof  Mempric  (son  of  Guen- 
dolen  and  Madden)  mythical  king  of  Eng- 
land. He  built  Kaer-brauc  [York],  about 
the  time  that  David  reigned  in  Judea. — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  ii.  7  (1142), 

By  Khrauk's  powerful  hand 
York  lifts  her  towers  aloft. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  rlU.  (1612). 

Ebu'dae,  the  Hebrides. 

Ecclesiastical  History  ( The 
Fnthet  of),  Eusebius  of  Csesarca  (264- 
340). 

%*  His  Historia  Ecclesiastica,  in  ten 
books,  begins  with  the  birth  of  Christ  and 
concludes  with  the  defeat  of  Licinius  by 
Constantine,  a.d.  324. 


Echeph'ron,  an  old  soldier,  who 
rebuked  the  advisers  of  king  Picrochol« 
(3  syl.),  by  relating  to  them  the  fable  of 
Tie  Mm  and  his  Ha'p'orth  of  MUk.  Tha 
fable  is  as  follows  : — 

A  shoemaker  bought  a  ha'poth  of  milk  ;  with  this  he 
was  going  to  make  butter  ;  the  butter  was  to  buy  a  cow  ; 
the  cow  was  to  have  a  odf  ;  the  calf  was  to  be  changed  for 
a  colt;  and  the  man  was  to  become  a  nabob;  only  he 
cracked  Ufl  jug.  spill  his  milk,  and  went  supperles  to  bed. 
— Kabelaia,  tantagi-uel.  L  33  (1533). 

This  fable  is  told  in  the  Arabian  Kightt 
("The  Barber's  Fifth  Brother,  Alnas- 
char").  Lafontaine  has  put  it  into  vers<», 
Pcrrette  et  le  Pot  ait  Lait.  Dodsley  has  the 
same,  T/te  Milk-inaid  and  her  Tail  of  Milk, 

Echo,  in  classic  poetry,  is  a  female, 
and  in  Knglishalso;  but  in  Ossian  echo  is 
called  "the  son  of  the  rock." — Sonjs  of 
adma, 

EckTiart  (The  Faithful),  a  gooa 
servant,  who  perishes  to  save  his  master's 
children  from  the  mountain  fiends. — Louis 
Tieck. 

(Carlyle  has  translated  this  tale  into 
English.) 

Eclecta,  the  "Elect"  personified  >n 
T/ie  Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Flet- 
cher. She  is  the  daughter  of  Intellect 
and  Voletta  (free-vill),  and  ultimately 
becomes  the  bride  of  Jesus  Christ,  "  th« 
bridegroom  "  (canto  xii.,  1633). 

But  let  the  Kentish  lad  [1'hinecu  Fletcher) 
.  .  .  that  sung  and  crow  ned 
Eclecta's  hymen  with  ten  thousand  flowers 
Of  choicest  praise  ...  be  the  sweet  pii>e, 

Giles  Fletcher,  Chria'i  Triumph,  etc.  (K10J. 

Ecne'phia,  a  hurricane,  similar  to  tha 
typhoon. 

The  circling  Typhon.  whirled  from  point  to  point, .  .  . 
And  dire  Ecnt  phia  reign. 

Thomson.  The  Seaeont  ("  Summer,"  1727). 
/ 

Ecole  des  Femmes,  a  comedy  of 
Meliore,  the  plot  of  which  is  borrowed 
from  the  norelletti  of  Ser  Uiotanni  (137c<). 

Ector  (Sir),  "lord  of  many  parts  of 
England  and  Wales,  and  foster-father  of 
prince  Arthur."  His  son,  sir  Key  or  Kay, 
was  seneschal  or  steward  of  Arthur  when 
he  became  king. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  3  (1470). 

%*  Sir  Ector  and  sir  Ector  de  Marii 
were  two  distinct  persons. 

Ector  de  Maris  (Sir),  brother  "  of 
sir  Launcelot "  of  Benwick,  i.e.  Brittany, 

Then  sir  Ector  threw  his  shield,  his  sword,  and  his  helm 
from  him,  and ...  he  fell  down  in  a  swoon  ;  and  when  oc 
awaked,  it  were  hard  for  any  tongue  to  tell  the  doleful 
complaints  [lament'ifiotii]  tllat  he  made  for  his  hrotner, 
"Ah.  sir  J-annctlot  "  said  h»  "  head  of  all  Christiaaj 
knight*. '"  .  .  .  etc.— Sir  T.  Mai  »ry,  Uutory  of  frince 
Arthur,  iii.  176  11470). 


EDKN. 


28o 


K1HNA. 


Bden  ( Jht  Qardm  of).    Thore  is  a 

region  of  Havana  sn  called,  because,  like 

Bden,  it  is  watered  by  four  streams,  vi/., 
the  White  Maine,  the  Eger,  the  Saalle, 

ami  the  Naahe. 

in    the    K'irdn  the    word    Eden  means 

"ererlasting abode.*1  Thus  in  eh.  ix.  wc 
read.  "God  promiseth  to  true  belieyera 
gardens  of  perpetual  abode,"  literally 
"  gardeiu  of  bden." 

Edetl,  in  America.  A  dismal  swamp, 
the  climate  of  which  generally  proved 
fatal  to  the  poor  dupes  who  were  induced 
■tie  there  through  the  swindling 
transactions  of  genera]  Scadder  and 
general  Choke.  So  dismal  and  dan- 
gerous was  the  place,  that  even  Mark 
tapley  was  satisfied  to  have  found  at  last 
a  place  where  he  could  "come  out  jolly 
with  credit." — C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuz- 
zlevrit  (18-14). 

Eden  of  Germany  (Das  Eden 
Deutschlands).  Baden  is  so  called  on 
account  of  its  mountain  scenery,  its 
extensive  woods,  its  numerous  streams, 
its  mild  climate,  and  its  fertile 
The  valley  of  Treisam,  in  the  grand- 
duchy,  is  locally  called  "  Hell  Valley" 

(lliiilenthall).  Between  this  and  the  lake 
Constance  lies  what  is  called  "The 
Kingdom  of  Heaven." 

Edenhall    (The  Luck   of),    an    old 
painted  goblet,  left  by  the   fairies  on   St. 

Cuthbert's  Well  in  the  garden  of  Eden- 

hall.  The  superstition  is  that  if  ever  this 
goblet  is  lost  or  broken,  there  will  be  DO 
more  luck  in  the  family.  The  goblet  is 
in  the  possession  of  sir  Christopher  Mus- 
grave,  bart.,  Edenhall,  Cumberland. 

%*  Longfellow  bas  a  poem  on  Tht  Luck 
%/ Edenhall,  translated  from  Lhlaml. 
Edgar  (i».r.9-77'>),  "kin-  of   all  the 

English,"  was  not  crowned  till  he  had 
i  thirteen  years  (a.i>.  !»7:iJ.  Then 
remony  was  performed  at  Bath. 
After  this  he  sailed  to  Chester,  and  eight 
of  his  vassal  kings  came  with  their  Bet  ts 
to  pay   him   ;  :   s\\  eai  fealty   to 

li i in  by  land  ami  sea.  The  eight  are 
Kenneth  (king  of  8outa),  Malcolm  (of 
( kankeriaad),  Ha  I,  and 

ii\ ■   Welsh   prmce.-,  « bo  e  ns    i 

l)iifnal,      Siferth,      Iluual,      Jacob,      and 

Jacbil.    The  eighl  km::--  rowed  I 
•  boat  (while  he  acted    as    steersman) 
Iron   Chester  to  St.  John's,  whei  i 
oilered  prayer,  ami  then  retui 

At  ci>w.     i  v.iriinrj.  »i  nan  iii»n  klattl 

Caa-'iI  UlUitia/  Wutii    - 


Edgar,  -'>n  of  Cloucester,  and  hii 
lawful  heir,  lie  was  disinherited  by 
Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earl. — Shake- 
speare, King  Lear  1 19) 

*„*    i  Be  of  the  charae- 

Robert  Wilks  (1670  1782).  and   also  of 
Charles  Kemblc  ( 1771  : 

Edgar,  master  of  B  i 
Allan  of  Savenswood  (a  decayed  S 
nobleman).    Luc  ing  attacked 

by  a  wild  bull,  is  saved  by 
shoots  it  ;  and  the  two,  falling  in  love  H  it!; 
each  other,  plight  their  mutual  troth,  and 
exchange  love-tokens  at  the  ••  111  rmaid's 
Fountain."  While  Edgar  is  absent  in 
France  on  State  aiTairs,  sir  William  Ash- 
ton,  being  deprived  of  his  ol 

r,  is  indue. 'ii  to  promise  his  daugh- 
ter Lucy  in  marriage  to  Frank  II: 
laird  of  Bucklaw,  and  they  are  married  ; 
but    next    morning,    Bucklaw    is    found 
wounded,   ami    the    bride    liidden    in  the 
chimney-corner,  insane.      Lucy    dies    in 
convulsions,   but    Buck  law    recovers    and 
goes  abroad.     Edgar  is  Inst  in  the  quick- 
sands at  Kelpies  Flow,  in  ac  sordai    • 
an  ancient  prophecy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  JiruL 
of  Lammermoor  (tame,  William  III.). 
*0*  In  the  opera,  Edgar  is  niadi  i 

himself. 

«r,  an  atten<Iant  on  prince    R 
of  Scotland. — Sir  W.  Scott,  J-ur  I 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Edgardo,  master  of  Bavensw i.  in 

love  with   Lucia  di    Lammermoor   [Lucy 
J.     While    absent    in     Fiai 

state  affairs,  the  lad]   is  led  to  believe 
him  faithless,  and  consents  to  marry  the 

laird  of   Luck  law  ;  but  she  stabs  him  on 
the    bridal    night,    goes    mad,    an 
Edgardo  also  ■tabs  himself.— Donizetti, 
/.  Lammermoor  \  I  - 
*»*  In  the  novel  cat  ■  <U  of 

Lauuntit mom .  by  sir  W.  S  > 

lost  in  the  quicksands  at  Kelpies  Flow,  hi 

accordance  with  an  ancient  prop!;. 

Edgiw  .  >r1  b      I  'Abbe),  who  attended 

. 
"  Mons.   de    Firmount,"  n   corruption    ,.f 
Fairymount, 
the  Edgeworths  I 

1 
making  waiting-woman,  in 

.  Cibber  (1< 

ical  form   ■ 
Edinburg.     It     «  -J    by 

Buchanan  ii 

i  SmSdmd  »t  H  ■  -»i>.<i 


EDINBURG. 


286 


EDWARD  STREET. 


Edinburg,  a  corruption  of  Edwins- 
buig,  the  fort  built  by  Edwin  king  of 
Northumbria  (816-G33). 

*„*  Dun-Edin  or  Dunedin  is  a  mere 
translation  of  Edinburg. 

Edith,  daughter  of  Baldwin  the 
tutor  of  Rollo  and  Otto  dukes  of  Nor- 
mandy.— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

E'diih,  the  "maid  of  Lorn"  (Argyll- 
shire), was  on  the  point  of  being  married 
to  lord  Ronald,  when  Robert,  Edward, 
and  Isabel  Bruce  sought  shelter  at  the 
castle.  Edith's  brother  recognized  Robert 
Bruce,  and  being  in  the  English  interest, 
a  quarrel  ensued.  The  abbot  refused  to 
marry  the  bridal  pair  amidst  such  dis- 
cord. Edith  fled,  and  in  the  character  of 
a  page  had  many  adventures,  but  at  the 
restoration  of  peace,  after  the  battle  of 
Bannockburn,  was  duly  married  to  lord 
Ronald. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Lord  of  the  Isles 
(1815). 

Edith  (The  lady),  mother  of  Athel- 
stane  "  the  Unready  "  (thane  of  Con- 
ingsburgh). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Icanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Edith  [Gkan'ger],  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Mrs.  Skewton,  married  at  the  age  of 
18  to  colonel  Granger  of  "  Ours,"  who 
died  within  two  years,  when  Edith  and 
her  mother  lived  as  adventuresses.  Edith 
became  Mr.  Dombey's  second  wife,  but 
the  marriage  was  altogether  an  unhappy 
one,  and  she  eloped  with  Mr.  Carker  to 
Dijon,  where  she  left  him,  having  taken 
this  foolish  step  merely  to  annoy  her 
husband  for  the  slights  to  which  he  had 
subjected  her.  On  leaving  Carker  she 
went  to  live  with  her  cousin  Feenix,  in  the 
south  of  England. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Son  (1846). 

Edith  Plantagenet  (The  lady), 
called  "  The  Fair  Maid  of  Anjou,"  a 
kinswoman  of  Richard  I.,  and  attendant 
on  queen  Berenga'ria.  She  married 
David  earl  of  Huntingdon  (prince  royal 
of  Scotland),  and  is  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  Ths  Talisman  (1825). 

Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earl 
of  Gloucester.  Both  Goneril  and  Regan 
(daughters  of  king  Lear)  were  in  love 
with  him.  Regan,  on  the  death  of  her 
husband,  designed  to  marry  Edmund, 
but  Gonerii,  out  of  jealousy,  poisoned  her 
Bister  Regan. — Shakespeare,  King  Lear 
(1*305). 

Edo'iimn   Band  (The),  the  priest- 


esses and  other  ministers  of  Bacchus,  so 
called  from  Edo'nus,  a  mountain  of 
Thrace,  where  the  rites  of  the  wine-god 
were  celebrated. 

Accept  the  rites  your  bounty  well  may  claim. 
Nor  heed  the  stuffings  of  th'  Edonian  baud. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  the  Xaiadt  (1767). 

Edric,  a  domestic  at  Hereward's 
barracks. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Edward,  brother  of  Hereward  tht 
Varangian  guard.  He  was  slain  in 
battle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
1'aris  (time,  Rufus). 

Edward  (Sir).  He  commits  a  murder, 
and  keeps  a  narrative  of  the  transaction 
in  an  iron  chest.  Wilford,  a  young  man 
who  acts  as  his  secretary,  was  one  day 
caught  prying  into  this  chest,  and  sir 
Edward's  first  impulse  was  to  kill  him  ; 
but  on  second  thoughts  he  swore  the 
young  man  to  secrecy,  and  told  him  the 
story  of  the  murder.  Wilford,  unable  to 
live  under  the  suspicious  eye  of  sir 
Edward,  ran  away;  but  was  hunted  down 
by  Edward,  and  accused  of  robbery.  The 
whole  transaction  now  became  public,  and 
Wilford  was  acquitted. — G.  Colman,  The 
Iron  Chest  (1790). 

%*  This  drama  is  based  on  Goodwin's 
novel  of  Caleb  Williams.  "Williams" 
is  called  Wilford  in  the  drama,  and 
"  Falkland  "  is  called  sir  Edward. 

Sowerby,  whose  mind  was  always  in  a  ferment,  was 
wont  to  commit  the  most  ridiculous  mistakes.  Tims 
when  "sir  Edward  "  says  to  "  Wilford,"  "  You  may  have 
noticed  in  my  library  a  chest,"  he  transposed  the  worth 
thus  :  "You  may  have  noticed  in  my  chest  a  library."  and 
the  house  was  convulsed  with  laughter. — lUissell,  Kejjrt- 
tentative  Aclort  (appendix). 

Edward  II.,  a  tragedy  by  C.  Mar- 
lowe (1592),  imitated  by  Shakespeare  in 
his  Richard  11.  (1597).  Probably  most 
readers  would  prefer  Marlowe's  noble 
tragedy  to  Shakespeare's. 

Edward  IV.  of  England,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  his  novel  entitled 
Anne  of  Geier stein  (1829). 

Edward  the  Black  Prince,  a 
tragedy  by  W.  Shirley  (1640).  The  sub- 
ject of  this  drama  is  the  victory  of 
Poitiers. 

Yes,  Philip  lost  the  battle  [Crcssi/\  with  the  odds 
Of  three  to  one.     In  this [Pottiertj  .  .  . 
They  have  our  numbers  more  than  twelve  times  told. 
If  we  can  trust  report. 

Art  lit  a 

Edward  Street  (Cavendish  Squaie, 
London),  is  so  called  from  Edward 
second  earl  of  Oxford  and  M».timer 
(See  Hknkietta  Street.) 


EDW1DGE. 


K7 


M.l.i  9 


Ed'widLC<\  wife  nf  William  Tell. — 
BoMhii,  O^glteimo  TVi  (1889). 

Edwin  "  the  minstrel,"  a  youth  living 
in  romantic  seclusion,  with  a  great  thirst 
for  knowledge.  He  Ihred  in  Gothic  days 
in  the  north  coontrie,  and  fed  hii  flocks 
mi  Scotia''*  mountains. 

AmI  >rt  i»»ir  btwta  win  no  tiiIeut  bojr, 

41  vf-iii-l  u>  Hi  lilt  Infant  ey. 
I 

'  riMi^l  intnitreUy ; 
(■  yel  «hy  ;  .   . 

An. I  nam  he  laughed  aloud,  irt  BOM  kti'»  wlir. 
T  -I    >n  bland  the  Ind  • 

fk  .iik—  i'rciur.1  t". In.  wumlruui  wise,  an. I   •.una   bcliared 
lilui  uuuL 

Beatle.  TA<  iHtutrtl.  I.  (1773). 

Edwin  nnd  Anpoli'na,  Angelina 
i  r    of    ft    wealthy   lord, 

'•  beside  the  Tyne."  Bex  band  was 
sought  in  marriage  by  many  suitors, 
amongst  whom  was  Edwin,  "who  had 
neither  wealth  nor  power,  bat  he  had 
both  wisdom  and  worth."  Angelina 
loved  him,  bat  "trifled  with  him,  and 
Edwin,  in  despair,  left  her,  and  retired 
from  th<'  world.  One  day,  Angelina,  in 
clothes,  asked  hospitality  at  a 
hermit's  cell;  the  was  kindly  enter- 
tained, told  net  talc,  and  the  hermit 
proved  to  be  Edwin,  From  that  hour 
they  never  parted  more. — Goldsmil 
Hermit, 

(..ii.lrnt    arm—,    in-      '  ■   ken   Ihli 

ballad  (mm  Thr  mar  n>  Ordtrt  I  it  Ulan 

b  any  l—nldjlin  bmt* 

■  lakni  Innii  n.inr.      I  rrad  in>  ballad  to  111     I 

funn  ilir  rnujmcnti    •(  HI  lac  i-wre  Into  a  ballad  of  hit 
u»n.— tiirfixid.  0.  Onha—lltl    . 

Edwin  and   Emma.     Emo  i 
a  rustic  beauty  of  Stanemore,  wh  i  loved 
Edwin    "the    pride    oi    swains;"    but 
Edw  in'i  il  of  en\  \ ,  induced  his 

father,  "a  sordid   man,"  to  forbid  sny 
Intercourse    between     Edwin    and     the 
Edwin  pined  sway,  and  being 
•  point  ot  ill  tth,  i  e  might 

be  allowed  to  see  Emma.     She  came  and 

■  aid   to   him,   "  M J    Edwin,  live  1    run-;" 

but  on  her  way  borne  she  beard  t  • 

ball  toll.    She  just  contrived  to  reach  her 

r,  cried  to  her  mother,  "  I  le'a 

i  ballad). 

Ed'yi'n.         ■■'■  Nudd.     Hi 
nri  of  Vn'ii.i  from  hi  i  earldom,  s 
to   win    K'nid    the   sari's   daughter,    but 
failing   i;i   t!,Mi  |,,  came   the  evil 
•  •'    t :..  .-1.     Ultimati  lj ,    being 

sent  '•  rl    of    king    Arthur,  be 

(••.nine  quits  a  changed    man     from   s 
•  'U.  "  ■]  aa  ■■»      i«  k  "  In-  "  . 


an. — 
'  (Ad  hin; 

Ecd.     The  best  in  tho  world  are  those 
of  Aii 'um,  a  rhn  i  f 

Lincoln 

jiart). 

■ 
called  K. 

*-  luiiir  a.  (*/   ; 
1    i  fat  an  1  Jalnt}  n 

Efoso  fflS  l'iaa. 

He  was  a  Roman  ::i  the 

.  ;an,  whose  reign  was 
marked    by    a   gn 

Christians.     This  Efeao  or  Kphesus  was 
appointed  to 

I  the  obnoz  i  ut  in 

the  island  of  Sardinia  ;  but  I  •  . 
in  a  dream  not  to 
of  the  Lord,  both  I 
embraced   Christ  . 

standard     from     V 

. 
captive,  s  I    mace 

Of   lire,  but    I 
those  n  ho  cast  him  in  ■•■ 
the  flames.     Ultimately,  bol 

l'otito     suffered     martyrdom,     ami 
buried  in  thi  Sardinia, 

however,  that  island  «as  conquered  by 
Pisa  in  the  ■  i<  venth  •  •  ■■•  irj .  the  n 
the  two  martyrs  wen  carrii  l  oil   and 

interred    in   the    duomo  .nd    the 

banner    of     St.     I  ; 

E^tlllt. 
father  of   Louis  1  -     ; 

He  h 

he  joined  tfa 

motto     w  n-  ,,    and 

liUotined  1< 

I 

duke  of  Athens, 

■ 
mised  her  in  marriage  ;  mid  lie  n  uncalled 

that.-!., 
him  01 

ami    I.  -     hfe." 

Hern.    .  uiu    to    an    "  un- 

DS  with 

: 
■  I  him  in!  ■ 

him,  i 

i 


EGIL. 


288  EINERIAR. 


and  gave  his  consent  tj  the  union  of  his 
daughter  with  Lvsander. — Shakespeare, 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream  (1592). 

***  S.  Knowies,  in  The  Wife,  makes 
tiie  plot  turn  on  a  similar  "law  of 
marriage  "  (1833). 

E'gil,  hrotber  of  "W  eland  ;  a  great 
archer.  One  day,  king  Nidung  com- 
manded him  to  shoot  at  an  apple  placed 
on  the  head  of  his  own  son.  Egol  selected 
two  arrows,  and  being  asked  why  he 
wanted  two,  replied,  "  One  to  shoot  thee 
With,  0  tyrant,  if  I  fail." 

(This  is  or.e  of  the  many  stories  similar 
to  that  of  William  Tell,  q'.v.) 

Egilo'na,  the  wife  of  Roderick  last 
of  the  Gothic  king*  of  Spain.  She  was 
very  beautiful,  but  cold-hearted,  vain, 
and  fond  of  pomp.  After  the  fall  of 
Roderick.  Egilona  married  Ahdal-Azu, 

the  Moorish  governor  of  Spain;  and  when 

Abdal-Azu  was  killed  by  the  Moorish 
rebels,  Egilona  fell  also. 

The  popular  rag* 
¥<  11  on  them  t>oth  ;  ami  ttu-v  to  •boa  her  niunt 
Had  beta  a  mark  for  mnrfcirj  nm1  ra  n»ach, 

6huddrred  Willi  liiiiimn  horror  nt  bar  hU. 

boutlic).  Koderuk.  etc.  IllL  (1814). 

Eg'la,  a  female  Moor,  servant  to 
Amaranta  (wife  of  I'.ar'tolus,  the  covetous 
lawyer). — Ueaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
8paniah  Curate  (1622), 

Eg'lamour  (Sir)  or  sin  Eolamokk 
of  Artoys,  a  knightof  Arthurian  romance. 
Sir  Eglamour  and  sir  Pleindamour  have- 
no  French  original,  although  the  names 
themselves  are  French. 

/.'•/'lamour,  the  person  who  aide  Silvia, 
daughter  of  the  duke  of  Milan,  in  her 
escape. — Shakespeare,  The  1'uo  OmUmm 
of  1  ertma  (1594), 

Eg'lantine  (3  ml.),  daughter  of  king 
Pepin,  and  bride  of  her  cousin  Valentine 
'brother  of  Orson).  She  soon  died. — 
Valentine  and  Orson  (fifteenth  century). 

h'jluntine  (Madame),  the  prioress  ; 
fTood-naturcd,  wholly  ignorant  of  the 
world,  vain  of  her  delicacy  of  manner  at 
tal.le,  and  fond  of  lap-dogs.  Her  dainty 
oath  was  M  By  Seint  Floy  !  ''  She  "en- 
tuned  the  service  swetely  in  her  nose," 
and  spoke  French  "after  the  scole  of 
St  rat  l'ord-atte-15owc." — Chaucer,  Canter- 
Wry  Tales  (1388). 

Egypt.  The  head-gear  of  the  king 
of  Upper  Egypt  was  a  high  conical  white 
cap,  terminating  in  a  knob  at  the  top. 
That  of  the  king  of  Lower  Egypt  was 
•\J.     If  a  king  ruled  (  ver  both  countries, 


he  wore  both  caps,  but  that  of  Lower 
Egypt  was  placed  outside.  This  com- 
posite head-dress  was  called  the  pschent. 

E'jypt,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  AbseUom 
and  Achitophel,  means  France. 

Egypt  and  Tyruj  [Holland]  intercept  Tour  trade. 

Part  L  (ltol). 

Egyptian    Disposition    (An),    a 
h    propensity,    "gipsy"   being    a 
contracted  form  of  Ejj/pfiam. 

1  no  sooner  saw  It  was  mono/  .  .  .  than  my  Ecjptlan 
disposition  preralled.  and  I  was  seized  with  a  desire  of 

stealing  1L— Lesage,  UU  Was.  K,  10  U73S). 

Egyptian  Thief  (The),  Thyaniis,  a 
native  of  Memphis.  Knowing  he  must 
die,  he  tried  to  kill  Chariclea,  the  woman 
lie  loved. 

I  not.  had  I  the  heart  to  do  It. 
Like  to  U>'  Egyptian  thief  at  point  cf  death. 
Kill  what  I  lore! 
Shakespeare,  Tml/tK  Kijht.  act  T.  sc  1  (1«1«). 

Eighth  Wonder  ( The).  When  Gil 
Bias  reached  l'ennatlor,  a  parasite  entered 
his  room  in  the  inn,  hugged  him  with 
great  energy,  and  called  him  "  the  eighth 
wonder."  When  Gil  Was  replied  that  lie 
did  not  know  his  name  had  spread  so  far, 
the  parasite  exclaimed,  "How!  we  keep 
'er  of  all  the  celebrated  names 
within  twenty  leagues,  and  have  no  doubt 
Spain  will  one  day  be  as  proud  of  you 
a-<  Greece  was  of  the  seven  sages."  After 
this,  Gil  Bias  could  do  no  less  than  ask 
the  man  to  sup  with  him.  Omelet  after 
omelet  was  despatched,  trout  was  called 
for,  bottle  followed  bottle,  and  when  the 
parasite    was    gorged    to   satiety,    he   r.'-e 

ami  said,  "Signor  Gil  l'.las,  d'>n't  believe 

yourself  to  be  the  eighth  wonder  of  the 
world  because  a  hungry  man  would  feast 
by  flattering  yo-.r  vanity."  So  saving, 
he  stalked  awav  with  a  laugh. — Lesage, 
Oil  Bias,  i.  8  (1716). 

(This  incident  is  copied  from  Aleman's 
romance  of  Ouametn  vAlfaraeke,  q.  v.) 

Eikon  Basil'ike  (4  s>jl.),  the  por- 
traiture of  a  king  (i.e.  Charles  1.),  once 
attributed  to  king  Charles  himself  ;  but 
now  admitted  to  be  the  production  of  Dr. 
John  Gauden,  who  (after  the  restoration) 
was  first  created  bishop  of  Exeter,  and 
then  of  Worcester  (1606-1663). 

In  the  Kik'm  /l.utfiW  a  strain  of  majesUc  melancholy 
It   kept   up,  but  the  personated  sorereign  Is  rather   too 
theatrical  for  real  nature,  the  lammas"  la  t>*<  t 
and  amplified,  the  periods  too  artifi.inlljr  elaborated.— 
.  Uerature  of  /.'iiro^e,  lii.  6<)i 

(Milton  wrote  his  F.ikonoelastes  in 
answer  to  l>r.  Gauden's  Eikon  Basiliki.) 

Einer'iar,  the   hall    of   Odin,    and 
|    asylum  of   warriors  slain   in   battle.     It 


EINION. 


280 


ELEAZAB. 


had  540  gates,  each  sufficiently  wide  to 
admit  eight  men  abreast  to  pass  through. 
— ScandiiuivUin  Mythology. 

Einion  (Father),  chaplain  to  Gwcn- 
wvn  prince  of  Powys-land. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Eivir,  a  Danish  maid,  who  assumes 
boy's  clothing,  and  waits  on  Harold  "the 
Dauntless,"  as  his  page.  Subsequently, 
her  sex  is  discovered,  and  Harold  marries 
her. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Harold  the  Dauntless 
(1817). 

Elain,  sister  of  king  Arthur  by  the 
tame  mother.  She  married  sir  Nentres 
of  Carlot,  and  was  by  king  Arthur  the 
mother  of  Mordred.  (See  Klein.) — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i. 
(1170). 

%*  In  some  of  the  romances  there  is 
great  confusion  between  Elain  (the  sister) 
and  Morgause  (the  half-sister)  of  Arthur. 
Loth  are  called  the  mother  of  Mordred, 
and  both  arc  also  called  the  wife  of  Lot. 
This,  however,  is  a  mistake.  Elain  was 
the  wife  of  sir  Nentres,  and  Morgause  of 
Lot ;  and  if  Gawain,  Agrawain,  ( iareth,  and 
Gaheris  were  [half] -brothers  of  Mordred, 
as  we  are  told  over  and  over  again,  then 
Morgause  and  not  Elain  was  his  mother. 
Tennyson  makes  Bellicent  the  wife  of 
Lot,  but  this  is  not  in  accordance  with 
any  of  the  legends  collected  by  sir  T. 
Malory. 

Elaine  (Dame),  daughter  of  king 
Pelles  (2  syl.)  "  of  the  foragn  country," 
and  the  unwedded  mother  of  sir  Galahad 
by  sir  Launcelot  du  Lac. — Sir  F.  Malory, 
History  of  1'rince  Arthur,  iii.  2  (1470). 

Elaine,  daughter  of  king  Brandeg'oris, 
by  whom  sir  fiors  de  Ganis  had  a  child. 

For  all  women  ni  air  Bon  n  virgin,  save  foi  one,  the 
daughter  of  king  Uraiidegorls,  on  whom  he  hail  a  child, 
blgbl  Klalne;  «ave  fur  her.  sir  lion  wiu  a  clean  maid.— 
8ir  T.  Malory,  lllttory  0/  Prince  Arthur.  Hi.  4  (1470). 

***  It  is  by  no  means  clear  from  the 
history  whether  Elaine  was  the  daughter 
of  king  Brandegoris,  or  the  daughter  of 
sir  Bora  and  granddaughter  of  king 
Brandegoris. 

Elaine'  (2  syl.),  the  strong  contrast  of 
Guinevere.  Guinevere's  love  for  Lance- 
lot was  gross  and  sensual,  Elaine's  was 
Elatonic  and  pure  as  that  of  a  child  ;  but 
nth  wen  masterful  in  their  strength, 
Blaine  is  called  "the  lily  maid  <>f  As'- 
t<>lat "  (Guildford),  and  knowing  that 
laMioelot  was  pledged  to  celibacy,  she 
pined  and  died.  According  to  her  dying 
•.  her  dead  body  was  placed  on  a 
l.i 


bed  in  a  barge,  and  was  thus  conveyed 
by  a  dumb  servitor  to  the  palace  of  king 
Arthur.  A  letter  was  handed  to  the  king, 
telling  the  tale  of  Elaine's  love,  and  ihe 
king  ordered  the  body  to  be  buried,  and 
her  story  to  be  blazoned  on  her  tomb. — 
Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the  King  ("  Elaine  "). 

El'amites  (8  syl.),  Persians.  S" 
called  from  Elain,  son  of  Shem. 

Elrberich,  the  most  famous  dwarf 
of  German  romance. —  The  Heldenbvch. 

El'bow,  a  well-meaning  but   1 
constable.  —  Shakespeare,    Measure     for 
Measure  (1603). 

Elden    Hole,    in  Derbyshire    Peak, 

said  to  be  fathomless. 

El  Dora'do,  the  "golden  city."  So 
the  Spaniards  called  Man'hoa  of  Guia'na. 

Guiana,  whose  great  city  Gcryon'i  sons 
Call  "El  Don 

Milton,  ParadUe  Lott,  iL  411  (1665). 

El'eanor,  queen-consort  of  Henry  1 1., 
alluded  to  by  the  presbyterian  minister 
in  Woodstock,  x.  (  1  • 

"Betters  me,  young  man,  thy  ■errant  was  more  likely 
to  we  visions  than  to  dream  ill,-  dreamt  In  that  apart- 
ment ;  h;r  I  have  always  heard  that,  next  to  Rosamond  s 
Bower.  In  which  .  .  .  she  played   the  wanton, 
afterwards     poisoned    b)  tor    Lee'i 

chamber  was  the  place  .  .  .  peculiarly  the  hai: 
•pints." — Sir  W.  Scott,  II  <xxltt<*  t  (time.  Comui 

Eleanor  Crosses,  twelve  or  four- 
teen crosses  erected  by  Edward  1.  in  the 
various  towns  where  the  body  of  his  queen 
rested,  when  it  was  conveyed  from  ller- 
delie,  near  Lincoln,  to  Westminster.  The 
three  that  still  remain  are  Gcddington, 
Northampton,  and  Waltham. 

(In  front  of  the  SOQth-Eastem  Railway 
station,    Strand,    London,    is   a   mi 
the  Charing  Cross,  of  the  original  d 
sions.) 

Eleazar  the  Moor,  insolent,  blood- 
thirsty, lustful,  and  vindictive,  like 
"  Aaron,"  in  [Shakespeare's?]  Titus  An- 
dron'icus.  The  lascivious  queen  of  Spain 
is  in  love  with  this  monster. — ( '.  M 

Lust's   DOtJl :.. 

(1688). 

■  famous  mathematician 
cast  out  devils  by  tying  to  the  bow  of  the 
possessed   a   mystical    ring,    which   the 

demon  no  sooner  studied   than   he 

doned  the  victim.     He  performed  I 

the  emperor  Vespasian;  and  t>>  pTOI 
something  eame  Out  ol    the   possessed,  he 

commanded  the  demon  in  making  off  to 

upset  a  pitcher  of  water,  which  it  did. 
I  Uuatiue  U  Klaauari  rint;  had  becu  put  undo  ttMaw 


ELECTOR. 


290 


ELI  DURE. 


noses,  we  should  have  seen  devils  issue  with  their  breath, 
80  loud  wen  these  disputants. — Lesage,  Oil  Blot,  v.  12 
(1784). 

Elector  {The  Great),  Frederick  Wil- 
liam of  Brandenburg  (1620-1688). 

Elein,  wife  of  king  Ban  of  Benwick 
{Brittany),  and  motherof  sirLauncelntand 
sir  Lionell.  (See  Elain.)— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  60  (1470). 

Eleven  Thousand  Virgins  ( The), 
(he  virgins  who  followed  St.  Ur'sula  in 
her  flight  towards  Rome.  They  were  all 
massacred  at  Cologne  by  a  party  of  Huns, 
and  even  to  the  present  hour  "their 
bones  "  are  exhibited  to  visitors  through 
windows  in  the  wall. 

A  calendar  in  the  Frcisingen  codex 
notices  them  as  "  SS.  M.  XI.  VI K- 
GINUM,"  that  is,  eleven  virgin  mar- 
tyrs; but  "M"  (martyrs)  being  taken 
for  1000,  we  get  11,000.  It  is  furthermore 
remarkable  that  the  number  of  names 
known  of  these  virgins  is  eloven:  (1) 
Ursula,  (2)  Sencia,  (3)  Gregoria,  (4)  Pin- 
nosa,  (5)  Martha,  (6)  Saula,  (7)  Brittola, 
(8)  Saturnina,  (9)  Rabaciaor  Sabatia,  (10) 
Saturia  or  Saturnia,  and  (11)  Palladia. 

Elfonseigen  [cl.fn-si.gn]  (4  syl.) 
or  Alpleich,  that  weird  music  with  which 
Bunting,  the  pied  piper  of  Uamelin,  led 
fortli  the  rats  into  the  river  Weser,  and 
the  children  into  a  cave  in  the  mountain 
Kopponberg.  The  song  of  the  sirens  is 
so  called. 

El'feta,  wife  of  Cambuscan'  king  of 
Tartary. 

El'flida  or  ^Ethelfl^eda,  daughter 
of  king  Alfred,  and  wife  of  jEthelred 
chief  of  that  part  of  Mercia  not  claimed 
by  the  Danes.  She  was  a  woman  of 
enormous  energy  and  masculine  mind. 
At  the  death  of  her  husband,  she  ruled 
over  Mercia,  and  proceeded  to  fortify  city 
after  city,  as  Bridgenorth,  Tamworth, 
Warwick,  Hertford,  Witham,  and  so  on. 
Then,  attacking  the  Danes,  she  drove 
them  from  place  to  place,  and  kept  them 
from  molesting  her. 

When  Elfllda  up-grew  .  .  . 
The  puissant  Danish  powers  victoriously  pursued. 
And  resolutely  here  thro'  their  thick  squadrons  hewed 
Her  way  into  the  north. 

Drayton,  rofyolbton,  ill  (1613). 

ElfthrythoriElf'thryth,  daughter 
of  Ordgar,  noted  for  her  great  beauty. 
King  Edgar  sent  /Ethelwald.  his  friend, 
to  ascertain  if  she  were  really  as  beautiful 
as  report  made  her  out  to  be.  When 
iEthelwald  saw  her  he  f«ll  in  love  with 


her,  and  then,  returning  to  the  king,  said 
she  was  not  handsome  enough  for  the 
king,  but  was  rich  enough  to  make  a  very 
eligible  wife  for  himself.  The  king 
assented  to  the  match,  and  became  god- 
father to  the  first  child,  who  was  called 
Edgar.  One  day  the  king  told  his  friend 
he  intended  to  pay  him  a  visit,  and  iEthel- 
wald revealed  to  his  wife  the  story  of  his 
deceit,  imploring  her  at  the  same  time  to 
conceal  her  beauty.  But  Elfthryth,  ex- 
tremely indignant,  did  all  she  could  to 
set  forth  her  beauty.  The  king  fell  in 
love  with  her,  slew  iEthelwald,  and  mar- 
ried the  widow. 

A  similar  story  is  told  by  Herodotus  : 
Prexaspea  being  the  lady's  name,  and 
Kambysos  the  king's. 

Elgin  Marbles,  certain  statues  and 
bas-reliefs  collected  by  lord  Elgin,  and 
purchased  of  him  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment for  £35,000,  to  be  placed  in  the 
British  Museum. 

(They  are  chiefly  fragments  of  the 
Parthenon  of  Athens.) 

El'githa,  a  female  attendant  at 
Rotherwood  on  the  lady  Rowe'na. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

E'lia,  pseudonym  of  Charles  Lamb, 
anthor  of  the  Essays  of  Elia  (1823). — 
London  Magazine. 

Eli'ab,  in  the  satire  of  Absalom  and 
Achitophel,  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is 
Henry  Bennet,  earl  of  Arlington.  As 
Eliab  befriended  David  (1  Chron.  xii.  9)t 
so  the  earl  befriended  Charles  II. 

Hard  the  task  to  do  Elian  right: 
Long  with  the  royal  wanderer  he  roved. 
And  firm  in  all  the  turns  of  fortune  proved. 

Abtalom  ami  Achitophel,  1L  (1583V 

Elian  God  {The),  Bacchus.  An 
error  for  'Eleuan,  i.e.  "the  god  Eleleus" 
(3  syl.).  Bacchus  was  called  El' clew 
from  the  Bacchic  cry,  Elfleu  I 

As  when  with  crowned  cupe  unto  the  Ellar  tod 
Those  priests  high  orgies  held. 

Drayton.  I'olyolbion,  vi.  (1811). 

El'idure  (3  syl.),  surnamed  "  the 
Pious,"  brother  of  Gorbonian,  and  one  of 
the  five  sons  of  Morvi'dus  (7. p.).  He 
resigned  the  crown  to  his  brother  Arth- 
gallo,  who  had  been  deposed.  Ten  yean 
afterwards,  Arthgallo  died,  and  Elidure 
was  again  advanced  to  the  throne,  but 
was  deposed  and  imprisoned  by  his  two 
younger  brothers.  At  the  death  of  these 
two  brothers,  Elidure  was  taken  from 
prison,  and  mounted  the  British  thront 


EIJJAII  FED  BY  RAVENS. 


291 


ELMO. 


for    the    third    time. — Geoffrey,    British 
History,  iii.  17,  18  (1470). 

Then  KUilure  wain,  crowned  with  applauilro  pralae, 
A'  he  a  brother  raised,  by  brothers  wna  depo«e<l 
And  put  Into  ti  t  Towar  .  .  .  lut.  the  nacpan  dead, 
Thrice  waj  the  lirituli  rn.wn  set  on  his  reverend  howl. 
UrajUm.  rolyolbum.  vlll.  (U1S). 

•**  Wordsworth  has  a  poem  on  this 
subject. 

Elijah  fed  by  Ravens.  While 
Elijah  was  at  the  brook  Cherith,  in  con- 
cealment, ravens  brought  him  food  every 
Doming  and  evening.— 1  Kings  xvii.  6. 

A  strange  parallel  is  recorded  of  Wyat, 
in  the  reign  of  Richard  III.  The  king 
;ast  him  into  prison,  and  when  lie  waB 
nearly  starved  to  death,  a  cat  appeared  at 
the  window-grating,  and  dropped  into  his 
hand  a  pigeon,  which  the  warder  cooked 
for  him.     This  was  repeated  daily. 

Elim,  the  guardian  angel  of  LcbbPus 
(3  syl.)  the  apostle.  Lebbeus,  the  softest 
and  most  tender  of  the  twelve,  at  the 
death  of  Jesus  "sank  under  the  burden 
of  his  grief." — Klopstock,  The  Messiah, 
iii.  (1748). 

El'ion,  consort  of  P.eruth,  and  father 
of  Uhe. — Sanchoniathon. 

Eliot  (Georye),  Marian  Evans  (or 
"  Mrs.  Marian  Lewes  "),  author  of  Adani 
Bede  (1858),  Mill  on  the  Floss  (18G0), 
Silas  Marner  (1801),  etc. 

Elisa,  often  written  Eliza  in  English, 
Dido  queen  of  Carthage. 

.  .  .  nee  me  moinlnijse  plgehlt  Elisa), 
bum  meiuur  Ipso  inel.  dum  iplritul  hot  regal  artiia. 
Virgil.  Jincid,  lv.  333,  33*. 
Bo  to  Eliza  dawned  that  cruel  day 
Which  tore  Samt  from  her  sight  away, 
That  saw  him  parting,  never  to  return, 
HeneU  In  funeral  flames  data  road  to  horn. 

Falconer,  The  shipwreck,  11L  4  (17S6). 

Elis'abat,  a  famous  surgeon,  who 
attended  queen  Madasi'ma  in  all  her 
Military  wanderings,  and  was  her  sole 
companion. — Auuuits  dc  Gaul  (lifteenth 
century). 

felisabeth  ou  Les  Exiles  de 
Biberle,   a   tale    by    Madame    Cottin 

L807).  The  family  hem-  exiled 
lor  some  political  offence,  Elizabeth 
walked  all  the  way  from  Siberia  t" 
to  crave  pardon  of  the  czar.  She 
obtained  her  prayer,  and  the  family 
returned. 

Eliso  ('2  syl.),  the  motherless  child  of 
Barpagon  the  miser,     she  was  affianced 
by    whom    she    had    been 
ted  from  the  waves."    Valor* 

•ut  to  be  Uie  uon  of  dun  Thomas  d'Alburei, 


a  wealthy  nobleman  of  Naples. — Moliete, 
£VA«artf  (1667). 

Elis'sa,  step-sister  of  Medi'na  and 
Perissa.  They  could  never  agree  apofl 
any   subject. — Spenser,   Faery   Que**,   ii. 

"Medina"  (the  golden  mean),  "Elissa" 
and  "  Perissa"  (the  two  extremes). 

Elixir  Vitao,  a  drug  which  was  one* 
thought  would  ensure  perpetual  life  and 

health. 

lie  that  ha.<  once  the  "  Flower  of  the  800." 

Thu  perfect  Bobf  whlcli  we  call  elixir. 

.  .  .  hv  its  rirtue 

Cjui  con'er  honour,  love,  respect,  long  lifa, 

Give  nafcly,  1 1  . 1.  t-<y, 

Tm  whom  lie  will.      In  •■■Klit  ;in*  «wenty  dart 

He'll  make  an  old  man  of  fuur*«*n  a  chihL 

Ban  Jonaon,  The  AU»-mut.  Ii.  (1610). 

Elizabeth    (The    qucent.    ha, 
imperious,   but  devoted   tc    her   ; 
She  loved  the  earl  of  Essex,  and,  whet 
she  heard   that   he   was    married    to   t!u 
countess  of  Rutland,  exclaimfd  that  sh« 
never  "  knew  sorrow  before."    The  - 

gave  Essex    a   ring   after   his    re!  • 
saying,  "  Here,  frmn  my  Bngei  t-ske  this 
ring,  a  pledge  <>f  merry  ;  and  WBCaaoe'ef 
you  send  it  back,  I  swear  that  1  wil. 
grant   whatever    boon    you   a.-k." 
his  condemnation,  Essex  sent  the  rin^  t< 
the  queen  by  the  countess  of  Nottin 
craving   that  her  most  gracious  i 
would  spare  the  life  of  lord  Southampton  . 
but  the  countess,  from  jealousy,  did  no* 
give  it  to  the  queen.     Howevt 
sent  a  reprieve  for  Essex,  but  Burleigh 
took  care  that  it  came  too  late,  and  the 
earl  was  beheaded  as  a  traitor. — Henry 
Jones,  The  Farl  of  Essex  (17-J5). 

Elizabeth  (Queen),  introduced  by  <ir 
W.  Scott  in  his  novel  called  Kcnilicorth. 

Elizabeth    of    Hunpary 
patron  saint  of  queens,   being   n< 3 
queen.     Her  day  is  July  9  (1207-1281). 

Ellosmcro     (Mistress),     the     heao 

domestic  of   lady  l'everd.  —  Sir  \V. 

Peverii  of  t  urk-  II.). 

Elliott  (Hofibie.i.e.  Ilall>crt),  farmer  at 
the  lletigh-foot.     His  bride-elect  is  Grace 

Armst: 

Mrs,  I  iiott  Bobbie's  grandmother. 

John  and  Harry,   Hobble's  tXTOthl 

Lilias,  7c. in,  and  Amot.  Bobbie's 
sisters.-  Sir  \V.  Soott,  Tht  . 

(time,  Anne). 

Elmo  (>'.').  TJ,e  fire  of  St.  Elmo 
(l\u  de  Sunt   1  mazant.     If 

only  one  appears  on  ■  ship  matt,  foul 

weather  is  at  hand  ;    but  if   two  or  more, 


ELOA.  292 


they  indicate  that  stormy  weather  is 
about  to  cease.  By  the  Italians  these 
comazants  are  called  the  "  fires  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  Nicholas."  In  Latin  the 
single  fire  is  called  "  Helen,"  but  the 
two  "Castor  and  Pollux."  Horace  says 
(Odes,  I.  xii.  27): 

Quorum  slmul  alba  nautls  Stella  refulsif, 
Defluit  saxts  agitata*  humor, 
Concidunt  ventf.  fugluntque  nubea,  etc. 

But  Longfellow  makes  the  stella  indi- 
cative of  foul  weather : 

Last  night  I  saw  St.  Elmo's  stars. 

With  tliolr  glimmering  lanterns  all  at  plajr  .  .  . 

Ami  I  know  wc  should  have  foul  weather  to-day. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  legend. 

(St.  Elmo  is  the  patron  saint  of  sailors.) 

Elo'a,  the  first  of  seraphs.  His  name 
with  God  is  "The  Chosen  One,"  but  the 
angels  call  him  Eloa.  Eloa  and  Gabriel 
were  angel  friends. 

Eloa,  fairest  spirit  of  heaven.  His  thoughts  are  past 
understanding  to  the  mind  of  man.  His  looks  more 
lovely  than  the  day-spring,  more  beaming  than  Uie  stars 
of  heaven  when  lliey  first  flew  Into  being  at  the  voice  of 
Uie  Creator.— Klopstock,  The  Mculah,  I.  (1748). 

Eloi  (St.),  that  is,  St.  Louis.  The 
kings  of  France  were  called  Loys  op  to 
the  time  of  Louis  XIII.  Probably  the 
"delicate  oath"  of  Chaucer's  prioress, 
who  was  a  French  scholar  "after  the 
scole  of  Stratford-atte-Bowc."  was  St. 
Loy,  i.e.  St.  Louis,  and  not  St.  Eloi  the 
patron  saint  of  smiths  and  artists.  St. 
Eloi  was  bishop  of  Noyon  in  the  reign  of 
Dagobert,  and  a  noted  craftsman  in  gold 
and  silver.  (Query,  "Seint  Eloy"  for 
Suinte  Loy  ?) 

Ther  was  also  a  nonne,  a  priorese. 

That  of  hire  smiling  was  full  simp'  and  coy. 

Hire  greatest  othc  n'as  but  by  Seint  K 1 . . >  I 

Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tola  (1388). 

JCl'ops.  There  was  a  fish  so  called,  but 
Wilton  nscs  the  word  (Paradise  Lust,  x. 
625)  for  the  dumb  serpent  or  serpent 
which  givc6  no  warning  of  its  approach 
by  hissing  or  otherwise.  (Greek,  ellops, 
"  mute  or  dumb.") 

Eloquence  ( The  Four  itonarchs  of) : 
(1)  Demosthengs,  the  Greek  orator  (n.c. 
385-322) ;  (2)  Cicero,  the  Roman  orator 
(B.C.  106-43) ;  (3)  Sadi,  the  Persian 
(1184-12G3);  (4)  Zoroaster  (b.c.  689- 
613). 

Eloquent  ( Tliat  Old  Man),  Isoc'ratOs, 
the  Greek  orator.  When  he  heard  that 
the  battle  of  Chajrone'a  was  lost,  and  that 
Greece  was  no  longer  free,  he  died  of 
grief. 

That  dishonest  victory 
At  ChseiYinea,  total  to  liberty. 
Killed  Willi  report  that  Old  Man  Eloquent 

Mltua.  Sonnet.  Is. 


ELVINO. 

(This  victory  was  gained  by  Philip  of 
MacCdon.  Called  "dishonest"  becaua* 
bribery  and  corruption  were  employed.) 

Eloquent  Doctor  (The),  Pete* 
Aureolus,  archbishop  of  Aix  (fourteenth 
century). 

Elpi'nus,  Hope  personified.  He  was 
"clad  in  sky-like  blue,"  and  the  motto 
of  his  shield  was  "  I  hold  by  being  held." 
He  went  attended  by  Pollic'ita  (promise). 
Fully  described  in  canto  ix.  (Greek, 
clpis,  "hope.") — Phinea8  Fletcher,  Tlie 
Purple  Island  (1C33). 

Elshender  the  Recluse,  called 
"  The  Canny  Elshie"  or  the  "Wise 
Wight  of  Mucklcstane  Moor."  This  is 
"  the  black  dwarf,"  or  sir  Edward 
Mauley,  the  hero  of  the  novel. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Elsie,  the  daughter  of  Gottlieb,  a 
cottage  farmer  of  Bavaria.  Prince  Henry 
of  Hoheneck,  being  struck  with  leprosy, 
was  told  he  would  never  be  cured  till  a 
maiden  chaste  and  spotless  offered  to 
give  her  life  in  sacrifice  for  him.  Elsie 
volunteered  to  die  for  the  prince,  and  he 
accompanied  ber  to  Salerno ;  but  either 
the  exercise,  the  excitement,  or  some 
charm,  no  matter  what,  had  quite  cured 
the  prince,  and  when  he  entered  the 
cathedral  with  KIsie,  it  was  to  make  her 
lady  Alicia,  his  bride. — Hartmann  von 
der  Aue,  Poor  Henry  (twelfth  century) ; 
Longfellow,  Golden  Legend. 

%*  Alcestis,  daughter  of  Pelias  and 
wife  of  Admttos,  died  instead  of  her 
husband,  but  was  brought  back  by  Her- 
cult'S  from  the  shades  below,  and  icstored 
to  her  husband. 

Elspeth  (Auld),  the  old  servant  of 
Dandie  Dinmont  the  store-farmer  at 
Charlie's  Hope.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mannerinq  (time,  George  II.). 

Elspeth  (Old)  of  the  Craigburnfoot, 
the  mother  of  Saunders  Mucklebacket 
(the  old  fisherman  at  Musselcrag),  and 
formerly  sen-ant  to  the  countess  of 
Glenallan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Elvi'no,  a  wealthy  farmer,  in  love  with 
Ami'na  the  somnambulist.  Amina  being 
found  in  the  bedroom  of  conte  Kodolfo  the 
day  before  her  wedding,  induces  Elvino 
to  break  off  the  match  and  promise 
marriage  to  Lisa  ;  but  as  the  truth  of  the 
matter  breaks  in  upon  him,  and  he  is 
convinced  of  Amina's  innocence,  he  turni 
over  Lisa  to  Alessio,  her  paramour,  and 


ELVIRA. 


293 


'marries  Amina,  his  first  and  only  love.— 
Bellini's  opera,  La  Sonnambula  (1831). 

Elvi'ra,  niter  of  don  Duart,  and 
nit*'*-  of  Se  governor  of  Lisbon.  She 
marries  Clodio,  the  coxcomb  BOD  of  don 
Antonio.— C.  (jibber,  LoM  Makes  a  Man. 
KlvCra,  the  young  wife  of  Gomez,  a 
rich  old  banker.  She  carries  on  a  liaison 
with  colonel  Lorenzo,  by  the  aid  of  her 
father-confessor  Dominick,  but  is  always 
checkmated,  and  it  turns  out  that  Lorenzo 
is  her  brother.— Dryden,  The  Spanish 
Fryar  (1G80). 

F.li-i'ra,  a  noble  lady,  who  gives  up 
everything  to  become  the  mistress  of 
Pizarro.  She  tries  to  soften  his  rude  and 
cruel  nature,  and  to  lead  him  into  more 
generous  ways.  Her  love  being  changed 
to  hate,  she  engages  Kolla  to  slay  Puarro 
in  his  tent;  but  the  noble  Penman  spares 
his  enemv,  and  makes  him  a  friend. 
Ultimately,  Pizarro  is  slain  in  fight  with 
Alonzo,  and  Elvira  retires  to  a  convent.— 
Sheridan,  l'izarro  (altered  from  Kotzebue, 
1799). 

EMra  (Donna),  a  lady  deceived  by 
don  Giovanni,  who  basely  deluded  her 
into  an  amour  with  his  valet  Leporello.— 
Mozart's  opera,  Dun  Giovanni  (17ffi  ). 

EMra  "  the  puritan,"  daughter  of 
lord  Walton,  betrothed  to  Arturo  (lord 
Arthur  Talbot),  a  cavalier.  On  the  day  of 
espousals  the  young  man  aids  Enrichetta 
(Henrietta,  widowuf  Charles  I.)  to  escape, 
and  Elvira,  thinking  he  has  eloped  with 
a  rival,  temporarily  loses  her  reason. 
Cromwell's  soldiers  arrest  Arturo  for 
treason,  but  he  is  subsequently  pardoned, 
and  marries  Elvira.— Bellini's  opera,  I 
Pwitani  (183-1). 

/.VriVa,  a  lady  in  love  with  F.rna'ni  the 
robber-captain  *  and  head  of  a  league 
■gainst  don  Carlos  (afterwards  Charles  \  . 
of  Spain).  F.rnani  was  just  on  the  point  of 
marrying  Elvira,  when  he  was  summoned 
to  death  by  Gomes  de  Bilva,  and  stabbed 
kinuelf.— Verdi,  Emani  (an  opera,  1841). 

fro,   betrothed  to  Alfonso    (son    of 

the  daks  d'Arcos).  No  sooner  u  the 
marriage  completed  than  she  hams  that 
Alfonso  has  seduced    Fenella,   ■    dumb 

girl,     sister     of     Masaniello     the     li.-her- 

sniello,  to  revenge  his  « 

heads  an  insurrection,  and   Alfonso  with 
:  1  run  for  safety  to  the  fisherman  s 
hut,  where  they  find  Fenella,  who  pro- 
mises to  protect  them.     Masaniello,  being 

ehief  magistrate  of  Por'tici,  i*  killed 


EMILE. 

by  the  mob  ;  Fenella  throws  herself  into 
the  enter   Of    Vesuvius;    and    AlfOOM   U 
left  to  live  in  peace  with  Elvira.— Auber, 
1    Ko(1881). 

Elvire  (1  s.V'-).  the  wife  of  don  .Juan, 
whom  he  abandons.  She  enters  a 
convent,  and  tries  to  reclaim  her  pro- 
fligate husband,  but  without  success. — 
Moliere,  Dun  Juan  (1GG5). 

Ely  (Bishop  of),  introduced  by  sir  \V. 
Scott  in  the  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Elysium    (the  Elysian    fields),    the 
land  of  the  blest,  to  which  the  favoured 
of  the  gods  passed  without  dying. 
lav  in  one  of  the  "  Fortunate  Inlands  " 
(Canaries). 

Fancy  drwura 
Of  «arr«l  fountain*,  and  Elr»l»n  grora. 
And  vales  of  blUa. 
Akeiutde.  Pltaium  of  Imagination,  L  (1.44). 

Emath'ian  Conqueror 
Alexander  the  Great     Bmathia  is 
donia  and  Thessaly.     Emathion,  a  son  of 
Titan  and  Aurora, reigned  in  Macedonia, 
Pliny  tells  us  that  Alexander,  when   he 

ed     Thebes,    spared    the     house    in 

which  Pindar  the  poet  was  born,  out  of 
reverence  to  his  great  abilities. 

Lift  not  thj    1  "WW. 

The  (raal  BmathUn 

Tlio  bou>o  ..(  I'iniLirus.  wliou  toopil  n.nd  t-.wcr 
Wunl  U>  the  ground. 

M.'.ion.  Sonnet,  rlB 

Embla,  the  woman  Kve  of  Scandi- 
navian mythology.  Eve  or  Kmbla  was 
made  of  elm,  but  Ask  or  Adam  was  made 
of  ash. 

Em'elie  or  Emf.i.yk.  sistor-indaw  of 
duke  Theseus  (2  syL),  beloved  by  both 
Pal'amon  and  ArVvte  (2  syl.),  but  the 

former  had  her  to  wife. 

Eme'.le  that  f.ilrer  \nvs  to  »cene 
Tti  \u  i<  tin-  IlIic  on  lure  stalks  <rrn: 
And  rrenchertbao  U>«  Maj  »llh  tourtt  r"?» 
GhaoetT.  I  ...fTl.c  KnU:(it»Tal«.    USB» 

Em'crald  Isle  (7V).  lrelu: 

called    tir.-t    by    Pr.   W.   I'rennnn,    in  hit 

poem  entitled  Erin  (17M  18 

Emeral'dor,  an  Irishman,  one  oftfc* 
l'.iiu  raid  Isle 

EmerTttl  {8tX  sister  of  kin-  Lucius 

wlio,  when    her    brother   abdicated    tin 
British  crown,  accompanied  him  to  Swit- 

terland,    and    shared    with   him    there    S 
martyr's  death. 

Finprtta  thr  B*Kt,  Vine  l.iwln- 
Vino  in  ll.l>i-u  with  bn  •  *. 

Urn) ton.  f»<ylfM— »■  ixl».  ilRS). 

Emilo  (-'  r»/.)i  ,ho  l-lli,f  character  of 
a  phil<  ;   mence  an  education  by 


EMILIA. 


294 


ENANTHE. 


Jsan  Jacques  Rousseau  (1762).  Emile  is 
the  author's  ideal  of  a  young  man  perfectly 
educated,  every  bias  but  that  of  nature 
having  been  carefully  withheld. 

N.B. — Emile  is  lie  French  form  of 
Emilius. 

Ilia  body  U  Inured  to  fatigue,  as  Roseau  advisee  In  hli 
EmUiU4.— Continuation  oj  th«  Arabian  Xijhtt.  It.  *». 

Emil'ia,  wife  of  Iago  the  ancient  of 
Othello  in  the  Venetian  army.  She  is 
induced  by  Iago  to  purloin  a  certain 
handkerchief  given  by  Othello  to  Des- 
dennma.  Iago  then  prevails  on  Othello  to 
ask  his  wife  to  show  him  the  handker- 
chief, but  she  cannot  find  it,  and  Iago 
tells  the  Moor  she  has  given  it  to  Cassio 
ns  a  love-token.  At  the  death  of  Des- 
demona,  Emilia  (who  till  then  never 
suspected  the  real  state  of  the  case) 
reveals  the  truth  of  the  matter,  and  Iago 
rushes  on  her  and  kills  her. — Shake- 
speare, Otlwllo  (1611). 

Tlio  virtue  of  Emilia  Is  such  as  we  often  find,  worn 
loosely,  but  not  mat  off ;  easy  to  commit  biiiiJI  crimes,  but 
quickened  :u»d  alarmed  at  atrocious  villainies. — l)r.  John- 
ton. 

Emil'ia,  the  lady  who  attended  on 
queen  Henni'one  in  prison. — Shake- 
speare, The  Winter's  Tale  (1004). 

Emilia,  the  lady-love  of  Peregrine 
Pickle,  in  Smollett's  novel  called  The 
Adventures  of  Peregrine  Fickle  (1751). 

Emily,  the  fiance'e  of  colonel  Tamper. 
Duty  called  away  the  colonel  to  Ilavan- 
nah,  and  on  his  return  he  pretended  to 
have  lost  one  eye  and  one  leg  in  the  war, 
in  order  to  see  if  Emily  would  love  him 
still.  Emily  was  greatly  shocked,  and 
Mr.  Prattle  the  medical  practitioner  was 
sent  for.  Amongst  other  gossip,  Mr. 
Prattle  told  his  patient  he  had  seen  the 
colonel,  who  looked  remarkably  well, 
and  most  certainly  was  maimed  neither 
in  his  legs  nor  in  hi*  eyes.  Emily  now 
saw  through  the  trick,  and  resolved  to 
turn  the  tables  on  the  colonel.  For  thi3 
end  she  induced  Mdlle.  Florival  to  appear 
en  militaire,  under  the  assumed  name  of 
captain  Johnson,  and  to  make  desperate 
love  to  her.  When  the  colonel  had 
been  thoroughly  roasted  and  was  about 
to  quit  the  house  for  ever,  his  friend 
major  Belford  entered  and  recognized 
Mdlle.  as  his  fiance'e ;  the  trick  was  dis- 
covered, and  all  ended  happily. — G.  Col- 
man,  sen.,  Tl\£  Deuce  is  in  Hun  (1762). 

Emir  or  Ameer,  a  title  given  to 
ueutenants  of  provinces  and  other  officers 
of  the  sultan,  and  occasionally  assumed 


by  the  sultan  himself.  The  sultan  is  not 
unfrequently  called  "  The  Great  Ameer," 
and  the  Ottoman  empire  is  sometimes 
spoken  of  as  "  the  country  of  the  Great 
Ameer."  What  Matthew  Paris  and  other 
monks  call  "  ammirals  "  is  the  same  word. 
Milton  speaks  of  the  "mast  of  some  tall 
ammiral  "  {Paradise  Lost,  i.  294). 

The  difference  between  xariff  or  sariff 
and  amir  is  this :  the  former  is  given  to 
the  blood  successors  of  Mahomet,  and  the 
latter  to  those  who  maintain  his  religious 
faith. — Selden,  Titles  of  Honour,  vi.  73-4 
(1672). 

Em'ly  (Little),  daughter  of  Tom, 
the  brother-in-law  of  Dan'el  Peggotty  a 
Yarmouth  fisherman,  by  whom  the  orphan 
child  was  brought  up.  While  engaged 
to  Ham  Peggotty  (Dan'el's  nephew), 
Little  Em'ly  runs  away  with  Steerforth, 
a  handsome  but  unprincipled  gentleman. 
Being  subsequently  reclaimed,  she  emi- 
grates to  Australia  with  Dan'el  Peggotty 
and  old  Mrs.  Gummidge. — C.  Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Emma  "  the  Saxon "  or  Emma 
Plantagenet,  the  beautiful,  gentle,  and 
loving  wife  of  David  king  of  North 
Wales  (twelfth  century). — Southey,  Ma- 
doc  (1805). 

Emped'ocles,  one  of  Pythagoras's 
scholars,  who  threw  himself  secretly  into 
the  crater  of  Etna,  that  people  might 
suppose  the  gods  had  carried  him  to 
heaven  ;  but  alas !  one  of  his  iron  pattens 
was  cast  out  with  the  larva,  and  recog- 
nized. 

He  who  to  be  deemed 
A  god-  leaped  fondly  into  Etna  flames, 
Euipedocles. 

Milton,  Paradlu  Lott,  Hi.  469,  etc  (1089). 

Emperor  of  Believers  (The), 
Omar  I.,  father-in-law  of  Mahomet 
(581-644). 

Emperor  of  the  Mountains 
{The),  Peter  the  Calabrian,  a  famous 
robber-chief  (1812). 

Emperor  for  My  People.  Ha- 
drian used  to  say,  "  I  am  emperor  not 
for  myself  but  for  my  people  "  (70,  117— 
138). 

Empson  (Master),  flageolet  player  to 
Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  tU 
Peak  (1823). 

Enan'the  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Seleu- 
eus,  and  mistress  of  prince  Deme'triua 
(son  of  king  Antig'onus).  She  appears 
under    the    name    of    Ctlia. — Beaumont 


KNCELADOS. 


295 


ENID. 


and  Fletcher,    The  Humorous  Lieutenant 
(1647). 

Encol'ados  (Latin,  Enccladtis),  the 
most  powerful  of  all  the  giants  who  con- 
spired against  Jupiter.  He  was  struck 
with  a  thunder-bolt,  and  covered  with 
the  heap  of  earth  now  called  mount  Etna. 
The  smoke  of  the  volcano  is  the  breath  of 
the  buried  giant ;  and  when  he  shift3  his 
side  it  is  an  earthquake. 

Fania  cat,  Enreladl  semiustum  fulmlne  corpus 
Urgcri  mole  line,  ingentemque  insupcr  .lintnii 
Iin|.. i  ii.un.  rtipils  flammam  eipinire  canuuis  ; 
Ft.  BbhHB  quoties  iiiutjit  latm.  intreniere  omncm 
Munnure  Triuucriaiu,  et  caelum  subteiere  fuino. 

Virgil,  Jineid,  lii.  578-582. 
Where  the  burning  cinders,  blown 
From  the  lips  of  the  o'erthrown 
Enceludiu,  fill  Uie  air. 

Longfellow,  Fnccladut. 

En'crates  (3  syl.),  Temperance  per- 
sonified, the  husband  of  Agnei'a  (wifely 
chastity).  When  his  wife's  sister  I'ar- 
then'ia  (maidenly  chastity)  was  wounded  in 
the  battle  of  Mansoul,  by  False  Delight, 
he  and  his  wife  ran  to  her  assistance,  and 
soon  routed  the  foes  who  were  hounding 
her.  Continence  (her  lover)  went  also, 
and  poured  a  balm  into  her  wounds,  which 
healed  them.  (Greek,  cykratcs,  "continent, 
temperate.") 

So  have  I  often  seen  a  purple  flower, 

Fainting  thro'  licit,  bang  down  her  drooping  head  ; 
But.  soon  refreshed  with  a  welcome  shower, 

Begins  again  her  lively  beauties  spread. 
And  wi  1)  new  pride  her  silken  leaves  display. 

Pblneas  Fletcher,  The  Purpld  Isuuid,  tl.  (1633). 

Endell  (Martha),  a  poor  fallen  girl, 
to  whom  Em'ly  goes  when  Bteerforth 
deserts  her.  She  emigrates  with  Dan'el 
I'eegot'ty,  and  marries  a  young  farmer 
in  Australia. — C.  Dickens,  David  Copper- 
(Wd(1849). 

Endormay,  i.e.  Andermatt  or  Ur- 
seren,  a  town  and  valley  in  the  Uri  of 
Switzerland. 

Soft  as  the  happy  swain's  enchanting  lay. 
That  |ii|K-s  ain..ng  the  shades  ..f  Kinl.Tlnay. 

W.  Falconer.  The  tf/ii//teredfc.  III.  3  11756). 

Endiga,  in  Charles  XII.,  by  J.  R. 
Planehe  (1826). 

Endless,  the  rascally  lawyer  in  No 
No  Supper,  by  P.  Hoare  (1754— 
1884). 

Endym'ion,  a  noted  astronomer  who, 
bom  mount  Latmus,  in  Caria,  discovered 
the  course  of  the  moon.  Hence  it  is 
tabled  that  the  moon  sleeps  with  Endy- 
mion.  Strictly  speaking,  Endymion  is 
tiiii^,'  sun. 

fc>  Latmui  by  the  wine  Endyinton  U  renowned  ; 

That  i.ii i  on  whose  high  lop  be  »a.-  the  tit  i  thai  bund 
Pale  I'hieW.  ■andanaf  0OU1  a  ;  »>  skilful  In  her  sphara, 
k,  aooia  itk-k  not  to  tuy  Dial  be  enjoyed  bar  Uk 

1I|..,UHL.   Polft  .-n,  vL  (ISIS), 


To  sleep  like  Endymion,  to  sleep  long 
and  soundly.  Endymion  reque-' 
Jove  permission  to  sleep  as  l"ii^'  a^  he 
felt  inclined.  Hence  the  proverb,  Emfy- 
IMJMU  tonuwm  dormire.  Jean  Ogier  de 
Gomband  wrote  in  French  a  romance  or 
prose  poem  called  Endymion  (1624 
one  of  the  best  paintings  of  A.  L.  Girodet 
is  "  Endvmion.  Cowley,  referring  to 
Gombaud's  romance,  says  : 

While  there  U  a  people  or  a  sun. 

End)  mion's  story  with  the  moon  shall  run. 

John  Keats,  in  1818,  published  his 
Endymion  (a  poetic  romance),  and  the 
criticism  of  the  Quarterly  Review  was 
falsely  said  to  have  caused  his  death. 

Endyin'ion.  So  Wm.  Browne  calls  s»r 
Walter  Raleigh,  who  was  for  a  time  in 
disgrace  with  queen  Elizabeth,  whom  he 
calls  "  Cyn'thia." 

Tho  nr*t  note  that  I  heard  I  so«.n  was  wonne 
To  think  Uie  sight-.  ..f  bin  Bodjinlon, 
The  subject  of  whose  moumfull  beaTjr  lay. 
Was  his  declining  with  Gain  I  IHUua, 

iirUaiimus  I'atljraU,  lr.  (ISIS), 

Enfants  do  Dieu,  the  Cami 

Tlic  nival  troops  oatnmnbend  the  Kn/tnlt  dt  IrUu,  and 
a  not  inglorious  flight  took  ploco.— fcd.  Giiiut,  Allium 
ChrUtU  Id. 

Enfield  (Mrs.),  the  keeper  of  a  house 
of  intrigue,  or  "gentlemen's  magazine n 
of  frail  beauties. — lloleroft,  T/ie  Dewrtta 
Daughter  (1784). 

Engaddi  (Theodorick,  hermit 
enthusiast.     He  was  Aberick  of  Horte- 

liutr,    an    exiled    noble. — Sir    \V.    Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Engaddi,  one  of  the  towns  of  Jndah, 
forty  miles  from  Jerusalem,  famous  for 
it.s  palm  tries. 

AMbOsitM  beneath  F.ngndill's  palms. 
Facing  Uie  Dead  Sea  baaoh, 

Longfelluw,  satul  of  th*  Dmtrt. 

EngelTbrecht,  one  of  the  Varangian 

guards.-  Sir   \V.   Scott,    Count   Ji^'jirt  of 
Paris  (time,  Kufus). 

En'pclred,  'Bonire  of  sir  Reginald 
Fmnt  de  Bona  (follower  of  prina 

of  Anjoti,   the  brother  of  Kifhard  I.). — 

Sir  \\ .  Scott,  Stanhot  (time,  Richard  1.). 

En'puorraud,  brother  of  the  mar- 
quis oi  Biontserrat,  ■  cmsader.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard L). 

E'nid,  Uie  perBoniflcatii  a  of  spotless 
purity.     She  was  Uie  daughb 
end  w  ife  ot  Geraint.     i  I  ■«  ramt 

aii'l   Enid    sllegorizes    the  contagion  of 
distrust  and  jealour/|  commencing  with 


ENNA. 


296 


EPIDAURUS. 


Guincver's  infidelity,  and  spreading  down- 
wards among  the  Arthurian  knights.  In 
order  to  save  Enid  from  this  taint,  sir 
Geraint  removed  from  the  court  to  Devon  ; 
but  overhearing  part  of  a  sentence  uttered 
by  Enid,  he  fancied  that  she  was  unfaith- 
ful, and  treated  her  for  a  time  with  great 
harshness.  In  an  illness,  Enid  nursed 
Geraint  with  such  wifely  devotion  that 
he  felt  convinced  of  his  error.  A  perfect 
reconciliation  took  place,  and  they 
"crowned  a  happy  life  with  a  fair 
death." — Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the  Kiruj 
("  Geraint  and  Enid"). 

Enna,  a  city  of  Sicily,  remarkable  for 
its  beautiful  plains,  fruitful  soil,  and 
numerous  springs.  Proserpine  was  car- 
ried off  by  Pluto  while  gathering  flowers 
in  the  adjacent  meadow. 

She  moved 
like  Proserpine  In  Enna,  gathering  flowers. 

Tennyson,  JMiein  ilarrit. 

EnniuB  (The  English),  T^y'amon, 
who  wrote  a  translation  in  Saxon  of  Tlie 
Brut  of  Wace  (thirteenth  century). 

Ennius  (The  French),  Jehan  de  Meung, 
who  wrote  a  continuation  of  Layamon's 
romance  (1260-1320). 

%*  Guillaume  de  Lorris,  author  of  the 
Romance  of  the  Rose,  is  also  called  "  The 
French  Ennius,"  and  with  better  title 
(1235-1265). 

Ennhis  ( The  Spanish),  Juan  de  Mena  of 
Cordova  (1412-1456). 

Enough  i3  as  Good  as  a  Feast. 
Geo.  Gascoigne  says : 

I  count  enough  as  good  as  any  feast 

Satit  Sujticit  l(;:is£oigiio  died  1577). 

Enrique'  (2  syl.),  brother-in-law  of 
Chrysalde  (2  syl.).  lie  married  secretly 
Chrysalde's  sister  Angelique,  by  whom  lie 
had  a  daughter,  Agnes,  who  was  left  in 
charge  of  a  peasant  while  Enrique  was 
absent  in  America.  Having  made  his 
fortune  in  the  New  World,  Enrique  re- 
turned and  found  Agnes  in  love  with 
Horace,  the  son  of  his  friend  Oronte 
(2  syl.).  Their  union,  after  the  usual 
quota  of  misunderstanding  and  cross 
purposes,  was  consummated  to  the  delight 
of  all  parties. — Moliere,  L'e'cole  des  Fem- 
mes  (1662). 

Entel'echy,  the  kingdom  of  queen 
Quintessence.  Pantag'ruel'  and  his  com- 
panions went  to  this  kingdom  in  search  of 
the  "holy  bottle." — Rabelais,  Pantag- 
ruel,  v.  19  (1545). 

*«*  This     kingdom     of    "  speculative 


science  "  gave  the  hint  to  Swift  for  hi* 
island  of  Lapu'ta. 

Ephe'sian,  a  toper,  a  dissolute  sot, 
a  jovial  companion.  When  Page  (2 
Henry  II.  act  ii.  sc.  2)  tells  prince  Henry 
that  a  company  of  men  were  about  to 
sup  with  Falstaff,  in  Eastchcap,  and  calls 
them  "Ephesians,"  he  probably  meant 
soldiers  called  fe'thas  ("foot-soldiers"), 
and  hence  topers.  Malone  suggests  that 
the  word  is  a  pun  on  pheese  ("to  chastise 
or  pay  one  tit  for  tat"),  and  means 
"quarrelsome  fellows." 

Ephe'sian  Poet  (The),  Hippo'nax, 
born  at  Ephesus  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

Ephe'sus  (Letters  of),  bribes. 
"  Ephesise  literae "  were  magical  notes 
or  writings,  which  ensured  those  who 
employed  them  success  in  any  under- 
taking they  chose  to  adventure  on. 

Silver  keys  were  used  In  old  Rome,  where  every  petty 
officer  who  knew  no  other  spelling  could  decipher  a 
"  letter  of  Ephesus."  Oh  for  the  purity  of  honest  John 
Bull  I  No  "letters  of  Ephesus"  will  tempt  the  Integrity 
of  ■  nr  British  bumbledom. — Caueti'i  Slaj  izinc, February, 
l;i7r. 

Epic  ( Tlie  Great  Puritan),  Paradise 
Lost,  by  Milton  (1665). 

Epic  Poetry  ( The  Father  of),  Homer 
(about  950  n.c). 

Ep'icene  (3  syl.)  or  The  Silent 
Woman,  one  of  the  three  great  comedies 
of  Ben  Jonson  (1609). 

The  other  two  are  Volpone  (2  iyl.f 
1605),  and  The  Alchemist  (1610). 

Epicurus.  The  aimee  de  coeur  of 
this  philosopher  was  Leontium.  (See 
Loveus.) 

Epicurus  of  China,  Tao-tse,  who 
commenced  the  search  for  "  the  elixir  of 
perpetual  youth  and  health"  (n.c.  540). 

%*  Thomas  Moore  has  a  prose  romance 
entitled  The  Epicure'an.  Lucretius  tlie 
Roman  poet,  in  his  De  Rerum  Natura,  is 
an  exponent  of  the  Epicurean  doctrines. 

Epidaurus  (That  God  in),  TEscula'- 
pius,  son  of  Apollo,  who  was  worshipped 
in  Epidaurus,  a  city  of  Peloponne  sus. 
Being  sent  for  to  Rome  during  a  plague, 
he  assumed  the  form  of  a  serpent. — Livy, 
Nat.  Hist.,  xi.  ;  Ovid,  Metaph.,  xv. 

Never  since  of  serpent  kind 
Lovelier,  not  those  that  in  lllyria  changed 
Hcrmiond  and  Cadmus,  or  the  god 
In  Epidaurus. 

Milton.  Paradite  Lot.  Ix.  807  (1MB). 

(Cadmus  and  his  wife  Harmonia  [Ber- 
mione]  left  Thebes  and  migrated  into 
lllyria,  where  they  were  changed   into 


EPII1ALTES. 


297 


EQUIVOKES. 


Bcrpenta   because  they  happened  to  kill 
out'  belonging  to  Mars.) 

Ephial'tea  (-1  syl.),  one  of  the  giants 
who  made  war  upon  the  gods.  He  was 
deprived  of  hia  left  eye  by  Apollo,  and  of 
his  right  eye  by  Hercules. 

Epig'oni,  seven  youthful  warriors, 
sons  dt  the  seven  chiefs  who  laid  siege 
to  Thebes.  All  the  seven  chiefs  (< 
Adrastos)  perished  in  the  siege;,  but  the 
■even  sons,  ten  years  later,  took  the  city 
■ad  rased  it  to  the  ground.  The  chiefs 
and  sons  were:  (1)  Adrastos,  whose  son 
was  J£gi'aleus  (1  tyl.)  ;  (2)  Polynlkfis, 
whose  son  was  Thcrsan'der ;  (3)  Am- 
phiar'aos  (5  syl.),  whose  son  was  Alk- 
DUBOn  (the  chaef)  ;  (1)  Ty'deus  (2  syl.), 
whose  son  was  Diome'dCs ;  (6)  Kap'- 
aneus  (.'S  67//.),  whose  son  was  Sthen'eloa  ; 
(fi)  Parthenops'os,  whose  son  was  Pro- 
machos ;  (7)  Mekis'theus  (U  syl.),  whose 
ion  was  Kury'alos. 

hylos  has  a  tragedv  on  The  Seven 
Chiefs  (ujainst  Thebes.  There  are  also 
two  epics,  one  The  Thobdid  of  Statius, 
and  The  Epigoni  Bometimes  attributed  t<> 
Homer  and  sometimes  to  one  of  the 
Cyclic  poets  of  Greece. 

Epigon'iad.  (The),  called  "the 
Scotch  Hind"  by  William  Wilkie  (1721- 
1772).  This  is  the  tale  of  the  Epig'oni 
or  seven  sons  of  the  seven  chieftains  who 
laid  liege  t<»  Thebes.  The  tale  is  this: 
When  GS'dipos  abdicated,  his  two  sons 
i  to  reign  alternate  years;  but  at 
the  expiration  of  the  tirst  year,  toe  elder 
son  (EtG'oclSs)  refused  to  give  up  the 
throne.  Whereupon  the  younger  brother 
(Polynlkes)  interested  six  Grecian  chiefs 
to  espouse  his  cause,  and  the  allied 
armies  laid  Biege  to  Thebes,  without  sue- 
Bubsequently,  the  Beven  sons  of  the 
old  chiefs  went  against  the  city  to  avenge 
the  deaths  of  their  fathers,  who  bad  fallen 
in  the  former  siege.  They  succeeded  in 
taking  the  city,  and  in  placing  Thcrsan- 
ili-r   on   the  throne.      The    names    of  the 

sons  nre  Thenander,  figl'aleus, 
Alkmsson,  Diomfides,  Sthen'elos,  PrV- 
machos,  and  BuryUos. 

Epimen'idoB  (5  syl.)  of  Crete, 
r.  ckoned  one  of  the  "  bcv< 

in  the  place  of  Peri- 
ander.     He  slept  for  fifty-seven  yean  to 

•  ■,  and,  or,   waking,  found   • 
thing  so  changed  that  he  could  r» 
nothing.     Epimenidfis    lived   289  years, 
*n«i  «  by  the  Cn  tana  as  one 

ir  "  CurCt  s "  or  priests  of  Jove. 
II-  was  contemporary  with  Solon. 


(Goethe  has  a  poem  called  Det  Fyimt- 
,     .     Sex    Hcinrich's  i 
nidet.) 

K/'iiivniiles's  Dm;.  A  nymph  who  loved 
Epimenides  gave  him   a   draught  in  a 

bull's  horn,  one  single  drop  of  which 
would   not  only    cure   any    ailment,   but 

would  also  serve  for  a  hearty 

/.'■  Nauvean  Epimen&ds  is  a  man  who 

lives  in  a  dream  in  a  kind  <•'. 

Spain,"  where  he  deems  himself  a  kin^, 

and    does   not    wish    to    be    disillui 

The  song  is  by  Jacinth  one  of 

the  members  of  the  "  SocieUi  de  M 
of  Paris. 

Epinogris  (Sir),  son  of  the  kine;  of 
Northumberland.     He    loved    an    earl's 
daughter,  but  slew  the  earl  in  a  knightly 
combat.     Next  day,  a  knight  chall 
him  to  fight,  and  the  lady  was  to  U:  the 
prize  of  the  victor.    Sir  Epinogris, 
overthrown,  lost  the  lady  ;  but  w  •• 
Palomidfis  heard  the  tale,  he  promi 
recover  her.     Accordingly,  hi 
the  victorious  knight,  who  turned  out  to 
be  his  brother.     The  point  of  dispn 
then  amicably  arranged  by  giving  up  the 
lady   to  sir    Epinogris.  —  >ir  T.   Malory, 
History  of  Vrince  Arthur,  li.  169  (H7u). 

Eppie,  one  of  the  servants  of  the  lie*. 
Josiah  Cargill.     In    the  same    novel   is 
Eppie  Anderson,  one  of  the 
the   Mowbray   Arms,  Old    St.   1; 
held  by  Meg  Dods. — Sir  W.   Scott,  fit 
Bon  "i's  WoU  (tin-  III.). 

Epps,  cook  of  Saunders  Kairford  a 
lawyer. — Sir      W.      Scott,       Htd jiuntlet 

(tune,  George  III.). 

Equity  (Father  of),  lleneage  Finch, 
earl    of    Nottingham    (1621-1682).      In 

tophei  (by  l»ry.;- 
Tate)  he  is  called  ''  Amri." 

.  «r:u  Ainrl.  aikI  not  only  knew. 
l.ut  Ureal*!  Auction*  Into  i 
1 
Vfora  ooMlod  oO.  *  •  ■  . 

T..   I      :. 

Willi  SI..0 

i®^. 

Equivokes. 

1.  llr.NKV  IV.  was  told  that  "h« 
should  not  die  but  in  Jerusalem,'1  which 

he  supposed  meant  the  Holy  l.iml  ;  but 
lie  died  In  the  Jerusalem  Chamber.  !.•  n- 
doii,  which  is  the  chapter-he  . 

minster  Abbey. 

•.  p. .!■!  8ti.vi  -ii  ■;  *  ■  ■  also  told  lie 
should  die  at  Jerusalem,  and  ha  dn-d 
while  saying  mass  la  a  church  so  called 
at  Koine. 


EQUIVOKES. 


298 


ERCOCO. 


3.  Cambyses,  son  of  Cyrus,  was  told 
that  he  should  die  in  Ecbat'ana,  which 
he  supposed  meant  the  capital  of  Media. 
Being  wounded  accidentally  in  Syria,  he 
asked  the  name  of  the  place  ;  and  being 
told  it  was  Ecbatana,  he  replied,  "  Here, 
then,  I  am  destined  to  end  my  life." 

4.  A  Messenian  seer,  being  sent  to 
consult  the  Delphic  oracle  respecting  the 
issue  of  the  Messenian  war,  then  raging, 
received  for  reply  : 

When  the  goat  stoops  to  drink  of  the  Neda,  0  seer, 
From  Messenla  flee,  for  Its  ruin  is  near  1 

In  order  to  avert  this  calamity,  all 
goats  were  diligently  chased  from  the 
Banks  of  the  Neda.  One  day,  Theoclos 
observed  a  fig  tree  growing  on  the  river- 
Bide,  and  its  branches  dipped  into  the 
stream.  The  interpretation  of  the  oracle 
flashed  across  his  mind,  for  he  remem- 
bered that  goat  and  fig  tree,  in  the  Mes- 
senian dialect,  were  the  same  word. 

%*  The  pun  would  be  clearer  to  an 
English  reader  if  "a  stork  "were  sub- 
stituted for  the  goat :  "  When  a  stork 
stoops  to  drink  of  the  Neda ; "  and  the 
"stalk"  of  the  fig  tree  dipping  into  the 
stream. 

5.  When  the  allied  Greeks  demanded 
of  the  Delphic  oracle  what  would  be 
the  issue  of  the  battle  of  Salamis,  they 
received  for  answer : 

Seed-time  and  harvest,  weeping  sires  shall  tell 
How  thousands  fought  at  Salamis  and  fell ; 

but  whether  the  oracle  referred  to  the 
Greeks  or  Persians  who  were  to  fall  by 
"  thousands,"  was  not  stated. 

6.  When  Ckcesus  demanded  what  would 
be  the  issue  of  the  battle  against  the 
Persians,  headed  by  Cyrus,  the  answer 
was,  he  "should  behold  a  mighty  empire 
overthrown  ; "  but  whether  that  empire 
was  his  own,  or  that  of  Cyrus,  only  the 
actual  issue  of  the  fight  could  determine. 

7.  Similarly,  when  Philip  of  Macedon 
sent  to  Delphi  to  inquire  if  his  Persian 
expedition  would  prove  successful,  he 
received  for  reply,  "  The  ready  victim 
crowned  for  sacrifice  stands  before  the 
altar."  Philip  took  it  for  granted  that 
the  "  ready  victim "  was  the  king  of 
Persia,  but  it  was  himself. 

8.  Tarquin  sent  to  Delphi  to  learn  the 
fate  of  his  struggle  with  the  Romans  for 
the  recovery  of  his  throne,  and  was  told, 
"  Tarquin  will  never  fall  till  a  dog  speaks 
with  the  voice  of  a  man."  The  "dog" 
was  Junius  Brutus,  who  was  called  a  dog 
by  way  of  contempt. 

9.  When  the  oracle  was  asked  who 
would  succeed  Tarquin,  it  replied,  "  lie 


who  shall  first  kiss  his  mother."  Where- 
upon Junius  Brutus  fell  to  the  earth,  and 
exclaimed,  "Thus,  then,  I  kiss  thee,  O 
mother  earth  ! " 

10.  Jourdain,  the  wizard,  told  the  duke 
of  Somerset,  if  he  wished  to  live,  to 
"  avoid  where  castles  mounted  stand." 
The  duke  died  in  an  ale-house  called 
the  Castle,  in  St.  Alban's. — Shakespeare, 
2  Henry  VI.  act  v.  sc.  2. 

11.  Awizard  told  king  Edward  IV.  that 
"  after  him  should  raign  one  whose  first 
letter  of  his  name  should  be  G."  The 
king  thought  the  person  meant  was  his 
brother  George,  but  the  duke  of  Gloucester 
was  the  person  pointed  at. — HolinshecL 
Chronicles;  Shakespeare,  Jiichard  III. 
act  i.  sc.  1. 

Eraclius  {The  emperor)  condemned 
a  knight  to  death  on  the  supposition  of 
murder ;  but  the  man  supposed  to  be 
murdered  making  his  appearance,  the 
condemned  man  was  taken  back,  under 
the  expectation  that  he  would  be  instantly 
acquitted.  But  no,  Eraclius  ordered  all 
three  to  be  put  to  death :  the  knight, 
because  the  emperor  had  ordered  it ;  the 
man  who  brought  him  back,  because  he 
had  not  carried  out  the  emperor's  order ; 
and  the  man  supposed  to  be  murdered, 
because  he  was  virtually  the  cause  of 
death  to  the  other  two. 

This  tale  is  told  in  the  Gesta  Roman- 
orum,  and  Chaucer  has  put  it  into  the 
mouth  of  his  sumpnor.  It  is  also  told 
by  Seneca,  in  his  Be  Ira  ;  but  he  ascribes 
it  to  Cornelius  Piso,  and  not  to  Eraclius. 

Eraste  (2  syl.),  hero  of  Les  Fdc/ieux, 
by  Molibre.  He  is  in  love  with  Orphiao 
(2  syl.),  whose  tutor  is  Damis  (1661). 

Er'celdoun  ( Thomas  of),  also  called 
"  Thomas  the  Rhymer,"  introduced  by 
sir  W.  Scott  in  his  novel  called  Castie 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

It  is  said  that  Thomas  of  Erceldoun  Is  not  dead,  but 
that  he  is  sleeping  beneath  the  Eildon  Hills,  in  Scotland. 
One  day,  lie  met  with  a  lady  of  elfin  race  beneath  the 
Eildon  tree,  and  she  led  him  to  an  under-ground  region, 
where  he  remained  for  seven  years.  He  then  revisited 
the  earth,  but  bound  himself  to  return  when  summoned. 
One  day,  when  he  was  making  merry  with  his  friends,  he 
was  told  tli.it  a  hart  and  hind  were  parading  the  street; 
and  he  knew  it  was  his  summons,  so  he  immediately 
went  to  the  Eildon  tree,  and  has  never  since  been  heard 
of. — Sir  W.  Scott,  AliiutreUy  of  the  Scottish  Border. 

%*  This  tale  is  substantially  the  same 
as  the  German  one  of  Tanhiiuser  (q.v.). 

Erco'eo  or  Erquico,  on  the  Red  Sea, 
marks  the  north-east  boundary  of  the 
negus  of  Abyssinia. 

The  empire  of  Negus  to  his  utmost  port, 
Ercoco. 

Stilton,  Paradlu  Lost.  xl.  387  (1966). 


ERECK. 


'299 


IHTIION. 


Erock,  «  knight  of  the  Round  I 
ilc  marries  the  beautiful  Enite  (2tyl.), 

■  r  of  ■  poor  knight,  and  bills  into 
a  stat<  :uinaey,   till 

Enite  rouses  him   to  action,      H< 

:  rt  h  on  an  expedition  "f  adven- 
tures, au<l  tftei  combating  with  brigands, 
pants,  and  dwarfs,  retuma  t«>  tbi 
of  kin;;  Arthur,  where  be  remain*  till 
the  death  of  bia  father.  He  Una  entera 
nu  hit*  inheritance,  and  lives   peaceably 

I  of  his  life. —  Hartmann  \ 
Aj'',  Er    i  (thirtoenth  century). 

Eroon'ia  (8  »»/.),  a  glendoveer1  or 
mod  spirit,  the  beloved  son  of  Cas'yapa 

:  be  iinmorl  . 
took  pity  on  Kail'yal  [i  $yt.)t  daughter 
of  I^iJur'liiil,  and  carried  ber  to  his 
Bower  of  Bliss  in  paradiae  (canto  vii.). 
Here  Kailyal  could  uot  stay. 
was  still  a  living  daughter  of  earth.  On 
ber  return  1     earth,  en  for 

the  bride  of  Jagan-nauL  and  Ar'valan 
same  to  diahonoui  her;  but  the  eet  Ore 
to  tlie  pagoda,  and  Krei  to  ber 

rescue.    Ereenia  was  set   upon    try  the 
witch  Lor'rimite  (3  tyl.Y  ami  earned  to 
the  submerged  city  of  Baly,  whence  he 
was  delivered  by  L*durlad.      1  b 
doveer  bow  craved  Beeva  for  ven 

but    the    god    sent    him     to    Yamen    (i.f. 

Pluto),  and  Tauten  said  tin'  measure  of 

iniquity    was    DOW    full,    so   Arvalan  and 

his  father  Kehama  were  both  made  in- 

■   e  city   of   everU  ting   wo<  ; 

while  .rrir.l  Kailyal,  who  had 

?:  th<  h  ifi  r^  of  immortality. 
.  to  dwell   with  him   in 
everlasting  joy. — South i 
Aam.<  (  . 

Erot'rian  Bull  (  7V).    M 
of  Bretria,  in  KuUi-'a,  was  called  "Hull" 
the  bull-like  breadth  and  gravity 
He  founded  the  Eretrian 

school  (fourth  eentury  li.c). 

Eric,  "Windy-cap."  king  of  Sn 

I  the  w  ind  Mow  from  any 

-     by    limply    turning     his     cap. 
arose  the  expression,  "  a  capful  of 

a 


mo  us 


•lit ho    I  /■   •  the   fa 

— Lue  i  .,  %  i. 

■in   st 
I'irxiU 
(tune,  William  III.). 

i  no  tho,  ■  :.:.  M 


W'/mn  ot 

. 

Er'idun,  :■/  ;  s" 

who 
fell   in)  -:n   when  ho  overthrew 

the  sun-car. 

I  U>«  dlrrr  itimm*  of  ErtUrv 
On  dtlirr  *1.  Imiikt  - 

.    !  rwin. 

And  di^i  ).:• 
Gila  r.  .    .     . 

Erip;'ena  (JoA 

tus    tin-    W; 

founded  with  I>'i' 

Doctor,"  who  livi  I  « 

later.      Erigena  d  •> 

Eriff'one   (4  sv'.),   I 

-  of  Karicm, 
an  Athenian,  who  was  murdered  ' 

drunt.. 

the  dead  body  by  the  aid  of  ln-r  I  • 

a  ho  became  the  star  called 

.     .   .  tl.it  trlrttn.  mil  KrlgOBS, 

Erill'yab  (3  jy/.),  I  -1  and 

I    Syl.), 

an  Indian  tribe  settled  on  a  south 
of  the  Missouri.     Her  husband  w  i 
Teporioni,  and  hereon  Amal 'a 
when  be  1 

and  inooeeded  in  i  ber  to 

her  throne  and  empire. — Southey, 

Erin,  from  fir  or  wzr  ("west")    and 

«;i  ('•  island"),  tlu   V. 

Eriphy'lo  (1  I  Am- 

phiarfl 

her  husband  had 

be  might  not  go  t"  is 

he   knew   that   hi 

. 

And  tor  «  !<it-    , 

Er'' 

' 
: 

•  n      <~  I  ■•■    -t  .       t  "  <•   I'    ;  •-      '       •    ■  -  '.an 


I.. 

t 


.    ; 

. 

I 
but  hi 


ERLAND. 


300 


EROSTKATOS. 


herself  into  any  shape  she  chose,  so  as 
often  as  her  father  sold  her,  she  changed 
her  form  and  returned  to  him.  After  a 
time,  Erisichthon  was  reduced  to  feed 
upon  himself. — Ovid,  Metaph.,  viii.  2 
(740  to  end). 

Drayton  says  when  the  Wyre  saw  her 
goodly  oak  trees  sold  for  firewood,  she 
bethought  her  of  Erisichthon's  end,  who, 
"when  nor  sea,  nor  land,  sufficient  were," 
ate  his  own  flesh. — Folyotbion,  vii. 

So  Erisicthon,  once  fired  (as  men  say) 

With  huugry  rage,  fed  never,  ever  feeding; 
Ten  thousand  dlabM  severed  every  day, 

Yet  in  ten  thousand  thousand  dished  needing. 
Id  vain  his  daughter  hundred  shapes  assumed  ; 
A  whole  camp's  meat  he  in  lib  gorge  inhumed  ; 
And  all  consumed,  his  hunger  yet  was  uuconsuinod. 
Guineas  Fletcher,  The  I'urple  ttlatui  (1CS33). 

Erland,  father  of  Noma  "  of  the 
Fitful  Head."— Sir  W.  Scott,  T/te  Finite 
(time,  William  III.). 

Erl-King,  a  spirit  of  mischief,  which 
haunts  the  Black  Forest  of  Thurirrgia. 

Goethe  has  a  ballad  called  the  Erl- 
kuniy,  and  Herder  has  translated  the 
Danish  ballad  of  Sir  Ola/  and  the  Erl- 
kiny's  Daughter. 

Ermangarde  of  Baldringham 

(The  Lculy),  aunt  of  the  lady  Eveline 
lerenger "  the  betrothed." — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Er'mclino  (Dame),  the  wife  of  Rey- 
nard, in  the  beast-epic  called  Hey  nurd  the 
Fox  (1498). 

Ermin'ia,  the  heroine  of  Jerusalem 
Delivered.  She  fell  in  love  with  Tancred. 
and  when  the  Christian  army  besieged 
Jerusalem,  arrayed  herself  in  Clorinda's 
armour  to  go  to  him.  After  certain  ad- 
ventures, she  found  him  wounded,  and 
nursed  him  tenderly  ;  but  the  poet  has 
not  told  us  what  was  the  ultimate  UH  of 
this  fair  Syrian. — Taaso,  Jerusalem  De- 
livered (1575). 

Ema'ni,  the  robber-captain,  duke  of 
Segor'bia  and  Cardo'na,  lord  of  Aragon, 
and  count  of  Emani.  He  is  in  love  with 
Elvi'ra,  the  betrothed  of  don  Ruy  Gomez 
de  Silva,  an  old  Spanish  grandee,  whom 
she  detests.  Charles  V.  falls  in  love 
with  her,  and  Ruy  Gomez  joins  Emani 
in  a  league  against  their  common  rival. 
During  ihis  league  Brnanj  gives  Ruy 
Gomez  a  horn,  Baying,  "  Sound  but  this 
horn,  and  at  that  moment  Ernani  will 
cease  to  live."  Just  as  he  is  about  to 
espouse  Elvira,  the  horn  is  sounded,  and 
Emani  stabs  himself. — Verdi,  Ernani  (an 
opera,  1841). 


Ernoot  (FhiAe),  son-in-law  of  kaisef 
Konrad  II.  He  murders  his  feudal  lord, 
and  goes  on  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Holy 
Land,  to  expiate  his  crime.  The  poem 
so  cidled  is  a  mixture  of  Homeric 
legends,  Oriental  myths,  and  pilgrims' 
tales.  We  have  pygmies  and  cyclopscs, 
genii  and  enchanters,  fairies  and  dwarfs, 
monks  and  devotees.  After  a  world  of 
hair-breadth  escapes,  the  duke  reaches 
the  Holy  Sepulchre,  pays  his  vows,  re- 
turns to  Germany,  and  is  pardoned. — 
Henry  von  Veldig  (minnesinger),  Duke 
Ernest  (twelfth  century). 

Ernest  de  Fridberg,  "  the  pri- 
soner of  State."  He  was  imprisoned  in 
the  dungeon  of  the  Giant's  Mount  fortress 
for  fifteen  years  on  a  false  charge  of 
treason.  Ul'rica  (his  natural  daughter 
by  the  countess  Marie),  dressed  in  the 
clothes  of  Herman,  the  deaf  and  dumb 
jailer-boy,  gets  access  to  the  dungeon 
and  contrives  his  escape ;  but  he  is  re- 
taken, and  led  back  to  the  dungeon. 
Being  subsequently  set  at  liberty,  ho 
marries  the  countess  Marie  (the  mother 
of  Ulrica). — E.  Stirling,  The  Prisoner  of 
State  (1847). 

Eros,  the  manumitted  slave  of  Antony 
the  triumvir.  Antony  made  Eros 
that  he  would  kill  him  if  commanded  by 
him  so  to  d".  When  in  Egypt,  Antony 
(after  the  battle  of  Actium),  fearing  lest 
he  should  fidl  into  the  hands  of  Oetavius 
Csasar,  ordered  Eros  to  keen  his  promise. 
Eros  drew  his  sword,  hut  thrust  it  into  his 
own  side,  and  fell  dead  at  the  feet  of  An- 
tony. "O  noble  Eros,"  cried  Antony,  "I 
thank  thee  for  teaching  me  how  to  die  !  " 
—  I'lutarch. 

%*  Eros  is  introduced  in  Shakespeare's 
Antony  ami  Cleopatra,  and  in  Dryden's 
All  fur  Iajtc  or  the  World  Well  Lost. 

(Eros  is  the  Greek  name  of  Cupid,  and 
hence  amorous  poetry  is  called  Erotic.) 

Eros'tratos  (in  Latin  Erostkatis), 
the  incendiary  who  set  fire  to  the  temple 
of  Diana  of"  Kphcsus,  that  his  name 
might  be  perpetuated.  An  edict  was 
published,  prohibiting  any  mention  of 
the  name,  but  the  edict  was  wholly 
ineffective. 

%•  Charles  V.,  wishing  to  be  shown 
over  the  Pantheon  [All  Saints]  of  Rome, 
was  taken  to  the  top  by  a  Roman  knight 
At  parting,  the  knight  told  the  emj>cror 
that  he  felt  an  almost  irresistible  desire 
to  push  his  majesty  down  from  the  top 
of  the  building,  '•  in  order  to  immortalize 


EKOTA. 


301 


ERBOBS  01'  AUTHORS. 


his  name."     Unlike  Erostratos,  the  name 
of  this  knight  has  not  transpired. 

Ero'ta,  a  very  beautiful  but  most 
imperious  princess,  passionately  beloved 
by  Philander  prince  of  Cyprus.— Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  L\iws  of  Guuly 
(1647). 

Erra-Pater,  an  almanac,  an  alma- 
nac-maker, an  astrologer.  Samuel  Butler 
calls  Lilly,  the  almanac-maker,  an  Em- 
Pater,  which  we  are  told  was  the  name 
ci.  a  famous  Jewish  astrologer. 

HU  only  Bible  was  on  Erra-Pater. 
Phln.  FleUher.  The  J'uri>la  ItUiul.  vIL  (1K13)- 
What's  beret     Erra- Pater  or  a  bearded  sibyl  [the  ivrion 
teat  fomii/M], 

Congrcve,  Love  for  Love,  lv.  (1695). 

Erragon,  king  of  Lora  (in  Scandi- 
navia). Ahlo,  a  Caledonian  chief,  offered 
him  his  services,  and  obtained  several 
important  victories ;  but  Lorma,  the 
king's  wife,  falling  in  love  with  him,  the 
guilty  pair  escaped  to  Morven.  Erragon 
invaded  the  country,  and  slew  Aldo  in 
single  combat,  but  was  himself  slain  in 
battle  by  Gaul,  son  of  Blond.  As  for 
Lorma,  "she  died  of  grief. — Ossian,  Tlie 
Battle  of  Lora. 

Errant  Damsel  ( The),  Una.— Spen- 
ser, Faery  Queen,  iii.  1  (1590). 

Errol  {Gilbert  earl  of),  lord  high  con- 
stable  of  Scotland. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Mind  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Error,  a  monster  who  lived  in  a  den 
in  "  Wandering  Wood, "  and  with  whom 

the  Red  Cross  Knight  had  his  first  ad- 
venture.    She  had  a  brood  of  1000  young 

ones  of  sundry  Bhapes,  and  these  cubs 
crept  into  their  mothers  mouth  when 
alarmed,  as  young  kangaroos  creep  into 
their  mother's  pouch.  The  knight  was 
nearly  killed  by  the  stench  which  issued 
from  the  foul  fiend,  but  he  succeeded  in 
"rafting"  her  bead  off,  whereupon  the 
brood  lapped  up  the  blood,  and  burst 
with  satiety. 

llidf  like  ■  aerpent  horribly  displayed, 

But  tli'  other  half  did  wommn'i  shape  retain  .  .  . 

upon  the  dirts  ground, 
llrr  hagi  bog  tiul  her  den  nil  o»c  i  prond, 
Jet  m  In  knob  and  roan)  >>  oughti  | /oMj)  upwound, 
Potntad  Mitii  iiiurni  Ming. 

Bpenaer,  fatr%  (jut.  «.  1  1  (1M«). 

Errors    of   Artists.      (See    Ana- 

t'MKONISMS.) 

Axoblo  [Michel),  in  his  prea!  picture  of 
the    "Last  Judgment,"   has   introduced 

Charon's  bark. 

m. iii  i.i,  the  Dutch  paint,  r,  in  a 
picture  of  the  "  Wise  Men  of  the  F-ast " 
making  their  offerings  to  the  infant  Jesus, 


has  represented  one  of  them  dressed  in  a 
■lite  surplice,  booted  and  spurred, 
offering  the  model  of  a  Dutch  seventy- 
four  to  the  infant. 

Etty  has  placed  by  the  bedside  of 
Holofernes  a  helmet  of  the  period  of  the 
seventeenth  century. 

Mazzochi  (Paulo),  in  his  "Symbolical 
Painting  of  the  Four  Elements,"  repre- 
sents the  sea  by  fishes,  the  earth  by  mutes, 
lire  bv  a  salamander,  and  air  by  a 
Evidently  he  mistook  the  camclion  (which 
traditionally  lives  on  air)  for  a  camel. 

Tintokkt,  in  a  picture  which  rep- 
tile "  Israelites  Gathering   Manna  in  the 
Wilderness,"   has   armed    the    men    with 
guns. 

VebonBSB  (Paul),  in  his  "Marriage 
Feast  of  ('ana  of  Galilee,"  has  introduced 
among  the  gnests  Beveral  Benedictines. 

West,  president  of  the  Royal  Academy, 
has  represented  Paris  the  Phrygian  in 
Roman  costume. 

Westoihstbb  Hall  is  full  of  ab- 
surdities. Witness  the  following  as 
specimens  : — 

Sir  Cloudesley  Shovel  is  dressed  in  a 
Roman  cuirass  and  sandals,  but  on  his 
head  is  a  full-bottomed  wig  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

The  duke  of  Buckingham  is  arrayed  in 
the  costume  of  a  Roman  emperor,  and  his 
duchess  in  the  court  dress  of  George  I. 
period. 

Errors  of  Authors.     (See  Asa- 

CHROXISMS.) 

Akknsidk.      He    views    the    G 
from  Alpine  heights. — Pleasures  of  Imagi- 
nation. 

A  Li.  i  sox  (Sir  Archil*  ill  I)  says:  "  Sir 
Peregrine  Pickle  was  one  of  the  pall- 
bearers of  the  duke  of  Wellington." — Life 
of  Lord  Castlereagh. 

In  his  History  <  f  Europe,  the  phrase 
droit  dt-  timbre  f"  stamp  duty  ")  he  trans- 
lates "timber  duties." 

Abticlxs  of  Wab  TOB  TIIB  Ai-.my. 
It  is  ordered  "that  every  recruit  shall 
have  the  40th  and  46th  of  the  articles 
read  to  him  "  (art.  iii.). 

The   40th   article    relates   wholly  to   :ho 

miscondud  •  ■  and  has  no  sort 

of  concern  with    recruits.      Probably  ths 

•list  ia  meant,  which  is  about  u.utmy  and 

insubordination. 

BROWNS   (  U'...'.".i?,i).  .rtiiin. 

W.  Brow  n< 

If  ...    1  >ct  ni)  i--noil  t.i  AjclIOi'  table  [tainting] 
Or  dare  U>  dm*  nil  curMoi. 

llrit.mnt-i  l  I'.itte*  lit.  II.  t 

This  curtain  was  not  drawn  by  Apelles, 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


302 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


but  by  Parrhasios,  who  lived  a  full  cen- 
tury "before  Apelles.  The  contest  was 
between  Zeuxis  and  Parrhasios.  The 
former  exhibited  a  bunch  of  grapes  which 
deceived  the  birds,  and  the  latter  a  cur- 
tain which  deceived  the  competitor. 

Bkuyssel  (E.  von)  says:  "According 
to  Homer,  Achilles  had  a  vulnerable 
heel."  It  is  a  vulgar  error  to  attribute 
this  myth  to  Homer.  The  blind  old  bard 
nowhere  says  a  word  about  it.  The 
story  of  dipping  Achilles  in  the  river 
Styx  is  altogether  post-Homeric. 

Byron.  Xerxes'  Ships.  Byron  says 
that  Xerxes  looked  on  his  "  ships  by 
thousands "  off  the  coast  of  Sal'amis. 
The  entire  number  of  sails  was  1200  ;  of 
these  400  were  wrecked  before  the  battle 
off  the  coast  of  Sepias,  so  that  even 
supposing  the  whole  of  the  rest  were  en- 
gaged, the  number  could  not  exceed  800. 
— Isles  of  Greece. 

The  Isle  leos.  In  the  same  poem  he 
refers  to  "Teos"  as  one  of  the  isles  of 
Greece,  but  Teos  is  a  maritime  town  on 
the  coast  of  Ionia,  in  Asia  Minor. 

Cervantes.  Dorothea's  Father.  Doro- 
thea represents  herself  as  queen  of  Mico- 
micon,  because  both  her  father  and 
mother  were  dead,  but  don  Quixote 
speaks  of  him  to  her  as  alive. — Pt.  Liv.  8. 
Mambrino's  Helmet.  In  pt.  I.  iii.  8 
we  are  told  that  the  galley-slaves  set 
free  by  don  Quixote  assaulted  him  with 
stones^  and  "snatching  the  basin  from 
bis  head,  broke  it  to  pieces."  In  bk. 
iv.  15  we  find  this  basin  quite  whole 
and  sound,  the  subject  of  a  judicial  in- 
quiry, the  question  being  whether  it  was 
a  helmet  or  a  barber's  basin.  Sancho 
(ch.  11)  says,  he  "picked  it  up,  bruised 
and  battered,  intending  to  get  it  mended ; " 
but  be  says,  "  I  broke  it  to  pieces,"  or, 
according  to  one  translator,  "  broke  it 
into  a  thousand  pieces."  In  bk.  iv.  8  we 
are  told  that  don  Quixote  "came  from  his 
chamber  armed  cap-a-pie,  with  the  bar- 
ber's basin  on  his  head." 

Sa)icho's  Ass.  We  are  told  (pt.  I.  iii.  9) 
that  Gines  de  Passamonte  "stole  Sancho's 
ass."  Sancho  laments  the  loss  with  true 
i  pathos,  and  the  knight  condoles  with  him. 
Bat  soon  afterwards  Cervantes  says:  "He 
[Sancho]  jogged  on  leisurely  upon  his  ass 
after  his  master." 

SaTicho's  Great-coat.  Sancho  Panza,  we 
are  told,  left  his  wallet  behind  in  the 
Crescent  Moon  tavern,  where  he  was 
tossed  in  a  blanket,  and  put  the  provisions 
left  by  the  priests  in  his  great-coat  (ch.  ft). 
The  ga'. ley-slaves  robbed   him   of   "his 


great-coat,  leaving  only  his  doublet"  (ch. 
8),  but  in  the  next  chapter  (9)  we  find  "  the 
victuals  had  not  been  touched,"  though 
the  rascals ' '  searched  dil  igently  for  booty." 
Now,  if  the  food  was  in  the  great-coat, 
and  the  great-coat  was  stolen,  how  is  it 
that  the  victuals  remained  in  Sancho's 
possession  untouched  ? 

Sancho's  Wallet.  We  are  told  that 
Sancho  left  his  wallet  by  mistake  at  the 
tavern  where  he  was  blanket-tossed  (ch.  5), 
but  in  ch.  9,  when  he  found  the  port- 
manteau, "  he  crammed  the  gold  and 
linen  into  his  wallet." — Pt.  I.  iii. 

To  make  these  oversights  more  striking, 
the  author  says,  when  Sancho  found  the 
portmanteau,  "he  entirely  forgot  the  loss 
of  his  wallet,  his  great-coat,  and  of  his 
faithful  companion  and  servant  Dapple  " 
{the  ass). 

Supper.  Cervantes  makes  the  party  at 
the  Crescent  tavern  eat  two  suppers  in 
one  evening.  In  ch.  5  the  curate  orders 
in  supper,  and  "after  supper"  they  read 
the  story  of  Fatal  Curiosity.  In  ch.  12 
we  are  told  "the  cloth  was  laid  [again] 
for  6upper,"  and  the  company  sat  down 
to  it,  quite  forgetting  that  they  had 
already  supped. — Pt.  I.  iv. 

Chamiieks's  Encyclopedia  states  that 
"the  fame  of  Beaumarchais  rests  on  his 
two  operas,  Lc  Barbier  de  Seville  (1755) 
and  Le  Mortage  de  Figaro."  Every  one 
knows  that  Mozart  composed  the  opera  of 
Figaro  (178(5),  and  that  Casti  wrote  the 
libretto.  The  opera  of  Le  Barbier  de 
Seville,  or  rather  //  Barbicre  di  Swiglia, 
was  composed  by  Rossini,  in  181G.  What 
Beaumarchais  wrote  was  two  comedies, 
one  in  four  acts  and  the  other  in  five  acts. 
— Art.  "  Beaumarchais." 

Chambers's  Journal.  We  are  told, 
in  a  paper  entitled  "Coincidences,"  that 
"  Thursday  has  proved  a  fatal  day  with 
the  Tudors,  for  on  that  day  died  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  queen  Man,',  and 
queen  Elizabeth."  If  this  had  been  the 
case  it  would,  indeed,  have  been  startling; 
but  what  are  the  facts?  Henry  VIII. 
died  on  Friday,  January  28,  1547,  and 
Elizabeth  died  on  Monday,  March  24, 
1603. — Kymer,  Faidcra,  xv. 

In  the  same  paper  we  are  told  with 
equal  inaccuracy  that  Saturday  has  been 
fatal  to  the  present  dynasty,  "for  William 
IV.  and  every  one  of  the  Georges  died  on 
a  Saturday."  What,  however,  says  history 
proper?  William  IV.  died  on  Tuesday, 
June  20,  1837  ;  George  I.  died  Wednes- 
day, June  11,  1727  ;  George  III.  died 
Monday,  January  29,  1829  ;  George  IV. 


EKK0R3  OF  AL'TIHiUS. 


303 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


lied  Smdav.  June  26,  1880;  and  only 
.  II.  died  on  a  Saturday,  "the  day 
;.il  t<»  the  present  dynasty." 

(ii.uiKit    says:     "The    throstle-cock 

sings  so  Bwcct  a  tune  tliat  Tubal  him— Ifj 

i  musician,  could  not  t-^uul  it." — 

77te  Court  of  Love.     Of  course  he  means 

Jubal. 

CinnK.n  (Colic;/),  in  his  Love  Makes  a 
if'in,  i.,  makes  Carlos  the  student  say, 
"  For  the  cure  of  herds  [  Yin/H's]  buooiiau 
arc  a  master-piece;  but  when  his  art 
describes  the  commonwealth  of  bees  .  .  . 
I'm  ravished."  He  means  the  Ueor.jics, 
the  Bucolia  are  eclogues,  and  never  touch 
upon     either    of     these     subjects.      '1  lie 

•  is  and  cures  of  cattle  arc  in  Q 
iii.,and  the  habits,  etc.,  of  bees,  QeorgtClV. 

Cid  (The).     When  Alfonso  race 
his  brother  Saneho  and  banished  the  Cid, 
Rodrigo  is  made  to  say  : 

PrfUieo  Kijr  where  were  these  cnlliuiU 
(U.I.I  imiuu^I:  wli,  ii  far  fn  in  M.jwi)  t 

Where  were  lhi-y  wln-n  1.  iiti*i.lod, 
Keacued  tlivc  from  thirteen  fueat 

The   historic    fact   is,  not   that    RodrigO 

rescued  Alfonso  from   thirteen   foes,  but 

tliat  the  Cid  rescind  Saneho  from  i: 

of  Alfonso's  fnes.     Eleven  he  Blew,  and 

two  he  put  to  Bight. —  The  Cul,  xvi.  78. 

('hi. man.      Job    Thomberry    says    to 

rme,  who  otters  to  assist  him  in  his 

difficulties,  "  Desist,  young  man,  in  time." 

Hut  1'eregrine  was  at  least    16  yean  old 

mi  addressed.     Be  was   16  when 

Job  first  knew  him,  and  had  been  absent 
thirty  years  in  Calcutta.  Job  Thornhcrry 
himself  was  not  above  live  or  six  years 
older. 

CowPKB  calls  the  rose  "  the  glory  of 
April  and   May,"  but    June   is    the 

month.     In  the  smith  of  England 
th«  y  begin  t<>  bloom  in  the  latter  ; 

Way,  and  go  on  to  the  middle  of  July. 

April    roses   would    be   horticultural    cu- 

. 

funics  at  fault.    The  licentiate  tills 

Lxote  thai  tome  critics  found  fault 

with    him     for    defective    memory,    imd 

Instanced  it  in  this:  "We  are  tola  that 

i's  ass  is  stolen,  but  the  nut !i. .r  has 
mention  \%  ho  the  thii  : 

tinctly 
Informed  that  it  was  stolen  bj  (Jinea  de 

onte,    one   of    the  gallev-shivcs. — 
.  II.  i.  :t. 
I>i<  ki  \^,  in  /.'./'.  m  Drood,  puts  " 

and   r 

nil." 

In  A  he  represents  Mr. 

is    boys    "to   hoc 
turnip.  "  in  miilu 


In   The   TaU  of   '/'■■..  C\tu\  iii.  4,  ha 
'   an  of 
<  (Id    Bcripti  chief 

functionary  who  worked  the  guilJ 

Hut    Uie  name  of    this    functionary    wad 
Sanson,  not  Samson. 

Calks  says  that  man  has  seven  bones 

in  the  sternum  (instead  of  three);  and 

Sylvius,    in    reply   to  V(  :itcnds 

tliat  "in  days  of  yore  (he   I 

of  heroes  had  more  bones  than  men  now 

have." 

<  i  i :  i :  I N I  ( A'oVrr )  p peak  s  of 

an  itUmd ;  but  Delphos,  Trr'vr  I 
was  a  city  of  Phocis,  and  no  i 
"Six  noblemen  were  sent  ' 

Delphos." — ;  Pro- 

bably he  confounded  the  city  of  Delphi 
with  the  isle  of  1  • 

H  ai.i.i  wk:.i  ,  in  his  Archaic  Dtet 
says:    "Crouchmas    means   Christmas, 

and    adds  that    Tusser    is   his   authority. 

But  this  is  altogeJ 

in     his     "  May     1. 

"  From  bull  cow  fast,  till  Crouchmas  be 

past,"  i.e.  St.  Helen's  Day.    Tusser  evi- 
dently means  from  May  .;  (the  n. 
of   the    Cross)   to   An.".  . 

Day  or  the  t  -  nut  Chris: 

HlOOOB 

rprian  queen,  ilrnwn  hjr  ApelhV  hind. 

of  parfoci  imuiiy  .ii.i  ti.e  tautsro  iukI  I 

BOI  than  bright  njmi|  hi  'ma  ivry  \mrtolOnim 

I>ul  all  conlribulo  lo  n.1  rn  U 

.\n«;:»r(i;&.h 
Tradition   gays    t:  el    w_s 

either  Phrync,  or  <  !amp  i  .r.ls  his 

wife.    < lampbell  i.  lines, 

but  ascribes   the   painting   to   l'r..'. 

Uie  Bhodian. 

W  h  n  flnt  Ihr  I:h,.luei'i  n.lmli-  art  arrayed 
Tl.o  y    -  cuda. 

Each  luuk  Uutl  ch*niir<i  l.n  me* 

f'lMum  V  :. 

JOHHSOH   (Dr.)  makes  Addison 

of  St. .  ;.■  aa  "  Little  Dicky."  r 

I 

Richard  Steele,  but  a  di 

played    "(  '  in  1  'r \ .;.  n's  •     i 

L02TDOH    Nr.'. -iMi  r  (A),    one  of  the 
leading  journals  of  I 
■ 

under  the  Caudine  Forks,"  evident. . 
;  them  to  be  a  "j  .1  of  a 

valley  or  mountain 

I.I.S..I    I    I    I   i.W      < 

.    means  an 
Irishman. 

'  i  LaiIh  ).»  Ih&t  ScwtlUi  bat*. 
Ertgviui  JotuuiiMt. 

■   ■>  ■  '.-•■*■ 

.'it,   the   poet  i  John 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


804 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


Dans  [Scotius~\,  who  died  in  1308,  for 
John  Scottus  {Erigend] ,  who  died  in  875. 
Erigena  translated  into  Latin  St.  Diony-* 
sins.  He  was  latitudinarian  in  his  views, 
and  anything  but  "a  Scottish  beast"  or 
Calvinist. 

The  Two  Angels.  Longfellow  crowns 
the  death-angel  with  amaranth,  with 
which  Milton  says,  "the  spirits  elect 
bind  their  resplendent  locks  ; "  and  his 
angel  of  life  he  crowns  with  asphodels, 
the  flowers  of  Pluto  or  the  grave. 

Melville  ( Whyte)  makes  a  very  pro- 
minent part  of  his  story  called  Holmby 
House  turn  on  the  death  of  a  favourite 
hawk  named  Diamond,  which  Mary 
Cave  tossed  off,  and  saw  "  fall  lifeless  at 
the  king's  feet "  (ch.  xxix.).  In  ch. 
xlvi.  this  very  hawk  is  represented  to 
be  alive  ;  "  proud,  beautiful,  and  cruel, 
like  a  Venus  Victrix  it  perched  on  her 
mistress's  wrist,  unhooded." 

Milton.  Colkitto  and  Macdonnel.  In 
Sonnet  x.  Milton  speaks  of  Colkitto  and 
M'Donnel  as  two  distinct  families,  but 
they  are  really  one  and  the  same.  The 
M'Donnels  of  Antrim  were  called  Col- 
cittek  because  they  were  descended  from 
the  lame  Colin. 

In  Comus  (ver.  880)  he  makes  the  siren 
Ligea  "sleek  her  hair  with  a  golden 
comb,"  as  if  she  were  a  Scandinavian 
mermaid. 

Moore  (Thorn.)  says: 

The  sunflower  turns  on  lier  Rod,  when  lie  seta. 
The  same  look  which  she  turned  when  he  rose. 

iriih  .Vt:lodie$,  ii.  ("  Believe  Me.  if  all  those 
Endearing  Young  Charms  "). 

The  sunflower  does  not  turn  either  to 
the  rising  or  setting  sun.  It  receives  its 
name  solely  because  it  resembles  a  pic- 
ture sun.  It  is  not  a  turn-sun  or  helio- 
trope at  all. 

Morris  (W.),  in  his  Atalanta's  Race, 
renders  the  Greek  word  saophron  "saf- 
ron,"  and  says: 

She  the  saffron  gown  will  never  wear, 

And  in  no  flower-strewn  couch  shall  she  be  laid  ; 

i.e.  she  will  never  be  a  bride.  Nonnius 
(bk.  xii.)  tells  us  that  virtuous  women 
wore  a  girdled  gown  called  saophron 
("  chaste  "),  to  indicate  their  purity  and  to 
prevent  indecorous  liberties.  The  gown 
was  not  yellow  at  all,  but  it  was  girded 
with  a  girdle. 

Murphy,  in  the  Grecian  Daughter, 
Rays  (act  i.  1 ) : 

Have  you  forgot  the  elder  Dionysius, 

Surnanied  the  Tyrant?  .  .  .  Evander  rame  from  Greece, 

And  sent  the  tyrant  to  his  humble  rank. 

Once  more  reduced  to  roam  for  vile  subsistence. 

A  wandering  sophist  thro'  the  realms  of  Greece. 

It    was    not   Dionysius    the    Elder,    but 


Dionysius  the  Younger,  who  was  the 
"  wandering  sophist ;  "  and  it  was  not 
Evander,  but  Timoleon,  who  dethroned 
him.  The  elder  Dionysius  was  not  de- 
throned at  all,  nor  ever  reduced  "to 
humble  rank."  He  reigned  thirty-oight 
years  without  interruption,  and  died  a 
king,  in  the  plenitude  of  his  glory,  at  the 
age  of  63. 

In  the  same  play  (act  iv.  1)  Euphrasia 
says  to  Dionysius  the  Younger : 

Think  of  thy  father's  fate  at  Corinth.  Dionyslm. 

It  was  not  the  father  but  ^.he  son 
(Dionysius  the  Younger)  who  lived  in 
exile  at  Corinth. 

In  the  same  play  he  makes  Timoleon 
victorious  over  the  Syracusians  (that  is 
historically  correct)  ;  and  he  makes  Eu- 
phrasia stab  Dionysius  the  Younger, 
whereas  he  retreated  to  Corinth,  and 
spent  his  time  in  debauchery,  but  sup- 
ported himself  by  keeping  a  school.  Of 
his  death  nothing  is  known,  but  certainly 
he  was  not  stabbed  to  death  by  Euphrasia. 
— See  Plutarch. 

Rymkr,  in  his  Fozdcra,  ascribes  to 
Henry  I.  (who  died  in  1135)  a  preaching 
expedition  for  the  restoration  of  Roches- 
ter Church,  injured  by  fire  in  1177  (vol.  I. 
i.  9). 

In  the  previous  page  Rymer  ascribes  to 
Henry  I.  a  deed  of  gift  from  "  Henry 
king  of  England  and  lord  of  Ireland;" 
but  every  one  knows  that  Ireland  waa 
conquered  by  Henry  II.,  and  the  deed 
referred  to  was  the  act  of  Henry  III. 

On  p.  71  of  the  same  vol.  Odo  is  made, 
in  1298,  to  swear  "in  no  wise  to  con- 
federate with  Richard  I. ; "  wherean 
Richard  I.  died  in  1199. 

Sabine  Maid  (The).  G.  Gilfillan,  in 
his  introductory  essay  to  Longfellow, 
says :  "  His  ornaments,  unlike  those  of 
the  Sabine  maid,  have  not  crushed  him." 
Tarpeia,  who  opened  the  gates  of  Rome 
to  the  Sabines,  and  was  crushed  to  death 
by  their  shields,  was  not  a  Sibine  maid 
but  a  Roman. 

Scott  (Sir  Walter).  In  the  Heart  of 
Midlothian  we  read : 

She  [Effle  Deans]  amused  herself  with  visiting  t*» 
dairy  .  .  .  and  was  near  discovering  herself  to  Mary 
Hctiey  by  betraying  bar  acquaintance  with  the  celebrated 
receipt  fur  Dunlop  cheese,  that  she  compared  her-olf  '« 
Bedreddin  Hassan,  whom  the  vizier  his  father-in-law  dis- 
covered by  his  superlative  skill  in  composing  cream-tartf 
with  pepper  in  Uiero. 

In  these  few  lines  are  several  gross  errors : 

(1)  "cream-tarts  should  be  cheese-cakes ; 

(2)  the  charge  was  "  that  he  made  cheese- 
cakes without  putting  pepper  in  them," 
ana  not  that  he  made  "  crtam-tarta  with 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


808 


ERRORS  OP  AUTHORS 


Cppc r  ;  "   (8)    it    was    not    tin-    vi/ier  hi* 
tber-in-law  ami  uncle,  but  his  mother, 

the  willow  of   Noureddin,  who  mad 

•  ry,    and    why?  for  tin'   best  "f  all 

-iic  herself  hud  taught 
i  the  receipt.     The  party  wen  el 
Damascus  in  the  time. — Arabtcot  Nightt 
'  "Noareddin  Ali,"ctc.).    (See  nexl 
"Thackeray.") 

"What I"  Mid  Bodrrditln,  "wu  tTrrythlng  In  my 
bouM  u>  Iw  broken  mi  onh  l«uie  I 

lid  ii  »i  1'nl  MptMrln  »  clioae-tike? "—  Arabian  MjkU 
("  Nourrdilm  Al 

A^rain,  sir  Walter  Scott  speaks  of 
"the  philosopher  who  appealed  from 
Philip  inflamed  with  wine  to  Philip  in  hia 
hours  of  sobriety  "  {Antiquary,  x.).  This 
"philosopher"  was  a  poor  old  woman. 

SiiAKi:si'K.vnK.  AJthaa  and  the  Ftre- 
br<uui.  Shakespeare  says  (2  Henry  IV. 
act  ii.  sc.  2)  that"  Altluea  dreamt  she  was 
delivered  of  a  Ore-brand. "  It  wa 
AlthaM  but  Hecuba  who  dreamed,  a  little 
before  Paris  was  bora,  that  her  offspring 
w  as  a  I 'rami  that  consumed  the  kingdom. 
The  tale  of  '  bat  the  Fat< 

a  Ore,  and  told  her  thai 
her  son  would  live  till  that  !■ 
■timed:  whereupon  she  snatched  op  the 
log  end  kept  it  from  the  fire,  till  one.  day 
hex  son  uelea'gei  offended  her,  when 
she  flung  the  log  on  the  Bre,  and  her  *  d 
died,  as  the  Fates  predicted. 

'.  In  the  Wint  i*t  Tale 
the  vessel  bearing  the  infant  Perdlta  is 
"driven  by  storm  on  the  coaal  of  Bohe- 
mia;"  but  Bohemia  has  no  sea-board  at 
all. 

In  Cvrbilamis  Shakespeare   makes   v*0- 

lunmia  the  mother,  and  VirgUia  the  wife, 

at  Coriolanus;  but  bis  wife  was  Volum- 

.    tuna. 

.  I.     in  the  same  drama 

I  iclphi  is  spoken  of  a>  an 

island;    but   Delphi   is  a  city   of   I 

Containing  a  temple  to  Apollo.      It  is  no 

Island  at  all. 

Macbeth  did  not 
Binder  1  tancan  in  the  i  a  il  It  ol  Im  • 

.\  .  bill  at  "  the  smith's 
house, "near  Elgin  (1089). 

i  aks  of  the 
■  ling    cliff    of     Klsinore,"  a 

I  ;  -  n<i  cliffs  at  all. 

ih*  a«»i . . . 

Ifitl  mmmll  ul  - 
I  <  lir.  u'ar  lU  Ua  IiiUj  II. .>  mi  T 

...r.  ui  I.  k  l 

The  Ghost,  in   Hamlet,  is  evidently  a 
die  :  he  talks  of  pin 
»  t  on,   and    • 

hut  thv  J  fence  at  the  time  wen 


>'r.  /. -im.     BhaJ 
■ 

i\.     Ii  eras  Lewis 

I  X  .    wl  '•as    Isabel," 

.  the  last  of 

of  Phil  .  and  gran.: 

Philippe    III.   and    "  Isat>el 

Charles  the  duke  of  I     • 

makes    him    out    to    be,   but   a   tirin    and 

equitable  prii  title  to  the  throne 

Was  better  than  that  of    I'u: 

Again,  Macbeth  was  not  slain  by  Mar- 
dufl  at  Dunsin'ane,  btd 

from   the   battle,  and  was   slain,    in 

at  Lumphanan. — Lard'  I   Cyc, 

In    The    Winter's    Tile,   net   v. 

Julio 
Romano,  the  Italian  ai 
(1492   L546),  certainly  years 

or  more  before  Romano  was  born. 

In  Twelfth 
speaks  of   St.  Bonnet's  Church,  London. 
"  The  tripli  o,i  trippii 

sure,  or  the  bells  •  re  may 

put  you  in  mind  :  one.  two,  : 
SC.  I  i  ;  as  if  the  duke  was  a  Lond 

Bpbnsbr.  -  .  i     In 

the  Fa  lii.  ll,  Britomart  saw 

in  the  castle  of  Bn'sirane  (8 
ture  descriptive  of   thi 
who  had  changed  himself  into  a 
out   of   l"\  ••    rot    lr:_-'-  •..'■.     It   a 
Saturn  but  Bacchus  who  loved  Erigonfi, 
and  he  was  not  transformed  to  a  centaur, 

but  to  a  horse. 

/  r    In  bk.  ■ 
.     the    lady-love   of 
•  ,  which  ought  to  be  <  I  • 

\  s  that  Paris  was  "  bj 

Brook       when    the    golden 

him  ;   but  do  such  \  i 

mentioned  by  any  classic  author. 

In  bk.  ii.  7 
Queen 

■ 
dear  < 

■• 

of    the    thirty    t\  rants,     .. 

the    poison-cup,  said  smiling,    "  I  In..  I 

drink    to   tl.i  .as." — 

•  .    C'*"-n,   lv, 
(introdnctii  i 

:  ■  his  trirnd 

1  ,  or  rather  I 

that  : 

•  near   makes 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


306 


ERRORS  OF  AUTHORS. 


•>r  Soidamore  speak  of  a  temple  of 
Venus,  far  more  beautiful  than  "that  in 
Paphos  or  that  in  Cyprus  ;  "  but  Paphos 
was  merely  a  town  in  the  island  of  Cy- 
prus, and  the  "  two  "  are  but  one  and  the 
Bame  temple. — Faery  Queen,  iv.  10. 

Hippomanes.  Spenser  says  the  golden 
apples  of  Mammon's  garden  were  better 
than 

Those  with  which  the  Kuh— n  young  man  woo 
Bwift  Atalanta. 

Fairy  (un,   fl.  7. 

The  young  man  was  Hippom'anes,  but 
he  was  not  a  "  Eubaean  "  but  a  native  of 
Onchestos,  in  Boeo'tia. 

Tennyson,  in  the  Last  Tournament, 
says  (ver.  1),  Dagonet  was  knighted  in 
mockery  by  sir  Gaw'ain  ;  but  in  the 
History  of  Prince  Arthur  we  are  dis- 
tinctly told  that  king  Arthur  knighted 
him  with  his  own  hand  (pt.  ii.  91). 

In  Gareth  and  Lynette  the  same  poet 
eays  that  Gareth  was  the  son  of  Lot  and 
Bcllicent ;  but  we  are  told  a  score  times 
and  more  in  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 
that  he  was  the  son  of  Margawse  (Arthur's 
6ister  and  Lot's  wife,  pt.  i.  3G). 

King  Lot .  .  .  wedded  Margawse;  Nentres  .  .  .  wedded 
Elalu.— Sir  T.  Malory.  JJutory  of  Prinai  Arthur,  L  2, 
IB,  88. 

In  the  same  Idyll  Tcnnysonhas  changed 
Liones  to  Lyonors ;  but,  according  to  the 
collection  of  romances  edited  by  sir  T. 
Malory,  these  were  quite  different  persons. 
Liones,  daughter  of  sir  Persaunt,  and 
sister  of  Linet  of  Castle  Perilous,  married 
sir  Gareth  (pt.  i.  153)  ;  but  Lyonors  was 
the  daughter  of  earl  Sanam,  and  was  the 
unwed  mother  of  sir  Borrc  by  king 
Arthur  (pt.  i.  15). 

Again,  Tennyson  makes  Gareth  marry 
Lynette,  and  leaves  the  true  heroine, 
Lyonors,  in  the  cold  ;  but  the  History 
makes  Gareth  marry  Liones  (Lyonors), 
and  Gaheris  his  brother  marries  Linet. 

Thus  endeth  the  history  of  sir  Gareth,  that  wedded  Dune 
Uon8a  of  the  Castle  Perilous;  and  also  uf  sir  CiIktis,  who 
wedded  her  sister  Dame  Linet— th  T.  Malory,  UULory 
a/  J'rinee  Arthur  (end  of  pt.  1.). 

Again,  in  Gareth  and  Lynette,  by 
erroneously  beginning  day  with  sunrise 
instead  of  the  previous  eve,  Tennyson 
reverses  the  order  of  the  knights,  and 
makes  the  fresh  green  morn  represent  the 
decline  of  day,  or,  as  he  calls  it,  "  Hes- 
perus "  or  "  Evening  Star  "  ;  and  the  blue 
star  of  evening  he  makes  "Phosphorus" 
or  the  "  Morning  Star." 

Once  more,  in  Gareth  and  Lynette 
the  poet-laureate  makes  the  combat  be- 
tween Gareth  and  Death  finished  at  a 
single  blo-v,  but  in  the  History  Gareth 
lights  from  dawn  to  dewy  eve. 


Thus  they  fought  [from  tunrUe]  till  It  was  past  noon, 
and  would  not  stint,  till  at  last  both  lacked  wind,  and 
then  stood  they  wagging,  staggering,  panting,  blowing, 
•ml  bleeding  .  .  .  and  when  they  had  rested  them  awhile, 
they  went  to  battle  again,  trasing,  rasing,  and  foyning.  as 
two  boars.  .  .  Thus  they  endured  till  evening-song  ttnie. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  Bittory  0/  Prinet  Arthur,  i.  138. 

In  the  Last  Tournament  Tennyson 
makes  sir  Tristram  stabbed  to  death  by 
sir  Mark  in  Tintag'il  Castle,  Cornwall, 
while  toying  with  his  aunt,  Isolt  the  Fair , 
but  in  the  History  he  is  in  bed  in  Brit- 
tany, severely  wounded,  and  dies  of  a 
shock,  because  his  wife  tells  him  the  ship 
in  which  he  expected  his  aunt  to  come 
was  sailing  into  port  with  a  black  sail 
instead  of  a  white  one. 

The  poet-laureate  has  deviated  so  often 
from  the  collection  of  tales  edited  by  sir 
Thomas  Malory,  that  it  would  occupy  too 
much  space  to  point  out  his  deviations 
even  in  the  briefest  manner. 

Thackkkay,  in  Vanity  Fair,  has  taken 
from  sir  Walter  Scott  his  allusion  to 
Bedrcddin,  and  not  from  the  Arabian 
Siyhts.  He  has,  therefore,  fallen  into  the 
same  error,  and  added  two  more.  He 
says  r  "  I  ought  to  have  remembered  the 
pepper  which  the  princess  of  Persia  puts 
into  the  cream-tarts  in  India,  sir"  (ch. 
iii.).  The  charge  was  that  Bedreddin 
made  his  cA^sc-cakes  without  putting 
j>epper  into  them.  But  Thackeray  has 
committed  in  this  allusion  other  blunders. 
It  was  not  a  "  princess  "  at  all,  but  Bed- 
reddrin  Hassan,  who  for  the  nonce  had 
become  a  confectioner.  He  learned  the  art 
of  making  cheese-cakes  from  his  mother 
(a  widow).  Again,  it  was  not  a  "  princess 
of  Persia,"  for  Hedreddin's  mother  wa3  the 
widow  of  the  vizier  of  Balsora,  at  that 
time  quite  independent  of  Persia. 

VlCTOB  HUGO,  in  Les  Travailleurs  di 
la  Mer,  renders  "the  frith  of  Forth" 
by  the  phrase  Premier  des  quatre,  mis- 
taking "frith"  for  first,  and  "Forth" 
for  fourth  or  four. 

In  his  Marie  Tudor  he  refers  to  the 
"  History  and  Annals  of  Henry  VII.  par 
Franc  Baronum,"  meaning  "  Historut,  etc., 
Henrici  Septimi,  per  Franciscum  Baco- 
num." 

Virc.il,  has  placed  ^Eneas  in  a  harbour 
which  did  not  exist  at  the  time.  "  Por- 
tusque  require  Velinos  "  (jEneid,  vi. 
3G6).  It  was  Curius  Dcntatus  who  cut  a 
gorge  through  the  rocks  to  let  the  waters 
of  the  Velinus  into  the  Nar.  Before  this 
was  done,  the  Velinus  was  merely  a 
number  of  stagnant  lakes,  and  the 
blunder  is  about  the  same  as  if  a  modern 
poet  were  to  make  Columbus  pass  through 
the  Suez  Canal. 


ERRUA.  807 

In  JEneid,  iii.  171,  Virgil  makes  ^Eneas 
speak  of  "Ausonia;"  but  as  Italy  was 
■o  called  from  Auson,  son  of  Ulysses  and 
Calypso,  of  course  ./Eneas  could  not  have 
known  the  name. 

Again,  in  jEneid,  ix.  571,  he  repre- 
sents Chorinjeus  as  shun  by  Asy'las  ;  but 
in  bk.  xii.  298  he  is  alive  again.     Thus  : 

Chorlnieum  rterult  Ajybu. 

Bk.  Ix.  671. 

Then: 

Obvlm  ambustum  torrem  Chorlneiu  lib  am 
Corriplt,  et  venlentl  Ebuso  plagaiuque  fereutl 
Occupat  os  fin  mini*,  etc 

Bk.  ill.  288.  etc. 

Again,  in  bk.  ix.  Numa  is  slain  by 
Nisus  (ver.  554) ;  but  in  bk.  x.  562  Numa 
is  alive,  and  iEneas  kills  him. 

Once  more,  in  bk.  x.  iEneas  slays 
CamertCs  (ver.  5G2) ;  but  in  bk.  xii.  224 
Jaturna,  the  sister  of  Turnus,  assumes 
his  shape.  But  if  he  was  dead,  no  one 
would  hare  been  deluded  into  supposing 
the  figure  to  be  the  living  man. 

%*  Of  course,  every  intelligent  reader 
will  be  able  to  add  to  this  list ;  but  no 
more  space  can  be  allowed  for  the  subject 
in  this  dictionary. 

Er'rua  ("the  mad-cap"),  a  young 
mm  whose  wit  defeated  the  strength  of  the 
giant  Tartaro  (a  sort  of  one-eyed  Poly- 
pheme).  Thus  tho  first  competition  was  in 
throwing  a  stone.  The  giant  threw  his 
Btonc,  but  Errua  threw  a  bird,  which  the 
giant  supposed  to  be  a  stone,  and  as  it 
flew  out  of  sight,  Errua  won  the  wager. 
The  next  wager  was  to  throwa  bar  of  iron. 
After  the  giant  had  thrown,  Errua  said, 
"  From  here  to  Salamanca  ;  "  whereupon 
the  giant  bade  him  not  to  throw,  lest  the 
bar  of  iron  should  kill  his  father  and 
mother,  who  lived  there;  so  the  giant  lost 
the  second  wager.  The  third  was  to  pull 
n  tree  up  by  the  roots  ;  and  the  giant  gave 
in  because  Errua  had  run  a  curd  round  a 
host  of  trees,  and  said,  "  You  pull  up  one, 
but  1  pull  up  all  these."  The  next  ex- 
ploit was  at  bed-time :  Errua  was  to 
deep  in  a  certain  Led;  but  he  placed  a 
dead  man   in  the  bed,    while   lie   himself 

sot  under  it.  At  midnight  Tartaro  took 
his  cluband  belaboured  the  dead  body  most 
unmercifully.  When  Errua  stood  before 
Tartaro    next     morning,    the     giant    was 

dumfoundered.     lie  asked  Emu  how  he 
Lent.      "  Excellently    well,"    mid 

Errua,  ''but  somewhat  troubled  by 
Other  trials  were  made,  but 
alwi.ys  in  favour  of  Errua.  At  length  a 
rare  was  proponed,  and  Errua  st  wed  into 
■  bafc-  the    bowels    of    a  pig.     Whin  hi 


ESCALUS. 

started,  he  cut  the  bag,  strewing  the 
bowels  on  the  road.  When  Tartaro  was 
told  that  his  rival  had  done  this  to  make 
himself  more  fleet,  he  cut  his  belly,  and 
of  course  killed  himself. — Rev.  W.  Web- 
ster, Basque 

(The  reader  will  readily  trace  the  re- 
semblance between  this  legend  and  the 
exploits  of  Jack  the  Gumt-ktller.  See 
also  Campbell's  Popular  Tales  of  the  West 
Highlands,  ii.  327,  and  Grimm's  Valiant 
Little  Tailor.) 

Erse  (1  syl.),  the  native  language  of 
the  West  Highlanders  of  Scotland. 
Gaelic  is  a  better  word. 

%*  Erse  is  a  corruption  of  Irish,  from 
the  supposition  that  these  Highlanders 
were  a  colony  from  Ireland  ;  but  whether 
the  Irish  came  from  Scotland  or  the 
Scotch  from  Ireland,  is  one  of  those 
knotty  points  on  which  the  two  nations 
will  never  agree.     (See  Eiu-noi.u.) 

Ers'kine  (The  Rev.  Dr.),  mini 
Greyfriars'  Church,   Edinburgh. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Er'tanax,  a  fish  common  in  the 
Euphrates.  The  bones  of  this  lish  impart 
courage  and  strength. 

A  fish  .  .  .  haunbuh  the  flood  or  Enfratea  ...  It  h 
callwl  an  ertaniu.  and  lili  bones  lie  of  such  *  manner  of 
kind  that  who-o  handlelh  them  lie  liiull  hare  ao  much 
courage  that  he  »h:dl  Derm  bt  weary,  and  he  shall  not 
think  on  Joy  nor  sorrow  Uiat  he  hath  h.i.1.  but 
Uie  thin,;  be  behoidetb  be/bra  him. — Bb  T.  Malory, 
UUtory  of  l-rlnce  Arthur.  iiL  84  (1470). 

Erudite  (Most).  Marcus  Tcrentius 
Varro  is  called  "  the  most  erudite  of  the 
Romans"  (b.c.  110-27). 

Erythroo'an  Main  ( The\  t  • 
Sea.    The  "Erythneum  Mare"  included 
the  whole  expanse  of  se.t  between  Arabia 
and  Africa,  including  the  Bed  Sea  and  the 
Persian  Gulf. 

The  ruddy  wares  he  cleft  In  twain 
Of  the  EryUinuan  main. 

Miium,  Pwatm  chitI.  (lssst 
Er'ythro,  Modesty  personified,  the 
virgin  page  of  l'artiicti'ia  or  maiden 
chastity,  in  Ths  PurpU  fslandy  by  1 
Fletcher  (1688).  Fully  described  En 
canto  x.  (Greek,  cmtAros,  "  red,"  from 
srutMriaa,  "  to  blush.") 

Erysiehthon[./>n'...  rand- 

son  of  Neptune,  who  was  punished  by 
('en's  wiili  insatiable  hunger,  for  cutting 
down  some  trees  in  a  grove  sacred  to  that 
goddess.    (See  Rrisn  hthok.) 

Ea'calua,    an   ancient,   kind-hearted 

lord    in    the   deputation    01    the    duke    of 

Vienna.    Shakespeare,  Alcasure  fur  .!/*»■ 

sure  (1003). 


ESCALUS. 


308 


ESTHER  HAWDON. 


Es'calus,  prince  of  Vero'na. — Shake- 
speare, Romeo  and  Juliet  (1668). 

Es'canes  (3  syl.),  one  of  the  lords  of 
Tyre. — Shakespeare,  Pericles  Prince  of 
Tyre  (1608). 

Escobar  (Jfons.  L'),  the  French  name 
for  a  fox,  so  called  from  M.  Escobar  the 
probabilist,  whence  also  the  verb  esco- 
larder,  "  to  play  the  fox,"  "  to  play  fast 
and  loose." 

The  French  hnve  a  capital  name  for  the  foi,  nameljr, 
M  [/BnotaTi  whirh  may  be  trnnslntid  Uie  "  shuffkT,"  or 
in -m  freely  "  tiy  bouti." — Th4  Daily  .Wiri,  March  25, 
1878. 

Escotillo  (i.e.  little  Michael  Scott), 
considered  by  the  common  people  as  a 
magician,  because  he  possessed  more 
knowledge  of  natural  and  experimental 
philosophy  than  his  contemporaries. 

Es'dale  (Mr.),  a  Burgeon  at  Madras. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Sunjeoris  Daughter 
(time,  George  II.). 

Eoil  or  Eisel,  vinegar.  John  Skel- 
ton,  referring  to  the  Crucifixion,  when  the 
soldiers  gave  Christ  "vinegar  mingled 
with  gall,"  says  : 

Christ  by  cniiltle  Wan  nayleil  to  a  tree  .  .  . 
He  drauke  cim.1  and  kM.  To  redaoM  n  vitha* 

CWyn  Clraf  (time.  1 U- 1 1 r>  VIII.). 

Es'ingS,  the  kings  of  Kent.  So  called 
from  Kisc,  the  father  of  Hengist,  as  the 
Tuscans  receive  their  name  from  Tus- 
cus,  the  Romans  from  Romulus,  the  Ce- 
crop'idae  from  Cecrops,  the  Rrit.ons  from 
Brutus,  and  so  on. — Ethelwerd,  Chron.,  ii. 

Esmeralda,  a  beautiful  gipsy-girl, 
who,  with  tambourine  and  goat,  dances 
in  the  place  before  Notre  Dame  de  Paris, 
and  is  looked  on  as  a  witch.  Qassimodo 
conceals  her  for  a  time  in  the  church,  but 
after  various  adventures  she  is  gibbeted. 
— Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dame  tie  Paris 

Esmond  (Henry),  a  chivalrous  cara- 
lier  in  the  reign  of  queen  Anne  ;  the 
hero  of  Thackeray's  novel  called  Esmond 
(1852). 

Esplan'dian,  son  of  Ani'adis  and 
Oria'r.a.  Montalvo  has  made  him  the 
subject  of  a  fifth  book  to  the  four  original 
books  of  Amadia  of  Gaul  (1460). 

The  description  of  Uie  moet  furious  bntllea,  carried  on 
with  all  the  blood>.|imidcdiiris  uf  an  Rutland  ln»  or  a 
Boliadil  [Ben  Jonaon,  bni  Mam  in  Hit  y/umourj. 
—Encyc.  Brit.,  Art.  "  Konuuica.* 

Espriel'la  (Manuel  Alvarez),  the 
apocryphal  name  of  Robert  Smithey. 
The  poet-laureate  pretends  that  certain 
"  letters  from  England,"  written  by  this 
Spaniard,  were  translated  by  him  from  the 
original  Spanish  (three  vols.,  1807). 


Essex  (T7ie  earl  of),  a  tragedy  by 
Henry  Jones  (1745).  Lord  Burleigh  and 
sir  Walter  Raleigh  entertained  a  mortal 
hatred  to  the  earl  of  Essex,  and  accused 
him  to  the  queen  of  treason.  Elizabeth 
disbelieved  the  charge  ;  but  at  this  juue- 
ture  the  earl  left  Inland,  whither  the 
queen  had  sent  him,  and  presented  him- 
self before  her.  She  was  very  angry,  and 
struck  him,  and  Essex  rushed  into  open 
rebellion,  was  taken,  and  condemned  to 
death.  The  queen  had  given  him  a  ring 
before  the  trial,  telling  him  whatever  peti- 
tion he  asked  should  be  granted,  if  he 
sent  to  her  this  ring.  When  the  time  of 
execution  drew  nigh,  the  queen  sent  the 
countess  of  Nottingham  to  the  Tower,  to 
ask  Essex  if  he  had  any  plea  to  make,  and 
the  earl  entreated  her  to  present  the  ring 
to  her  majesty,  and  petition  her  to  spare 
the  life  of  his  friend  Southampton.  The 
countess  purposely  neglected  toil  charge, 
and  Essex  waa  executed.  The  queen,  it  is 
true,  sent  a  reprieve,  but  lord  Burleigh 
took  care  it  should  arrive  too  late.  The 
poet  says  that  PamiT  had  recently  married 
the  countess  of  Rutland,  that  both  the 
queen  and  the  countess  of  Nottingham 
were  jealous,  and  that  this  jealousy  was 
the  chief  cause  of  the  earl's  death. 

The  abbd  Boyer,  La  Calpreoede,  and 
Tli.  ComeiUe  have  tragedies  on  the  same 
subject. 

Essex  (The  carl  of),  lord  high  con- 
stablo  of  England,  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  his  novel  called  Icanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Estel'la,  a  haughty  beauty,  adopted 
by  Mibs  Havishani.  She  was  a'lianced 
by  her  wish  to  Pip,  but  married  lientley 
Drummle. — C.  Dickens,  (Ireat  Enptvta 
tiuns  (18(10). 

Esther,  housekeeper  to  Muhldenan, 
minister  of  Mariendorpt.  She  loves 
Hans,  a  servant  to  the  minister,  but 
Hans  is  shy,  and  Esther  has  to  teach  him 
how  to  woo  and  win  her.  Esther  and 
Hans  arc  similar  to  Helen  and  Modus, 
only  in  a  lower  social  grade. — S.  Knowles, 
The  Maid  of  Mariemiurpt  (1888). 

Esther  Hawdon,  better  known 
through  the  tale  as  Bather  Summcrson. 
natural  daughter  of  captain  Hawdon  ano 
lady  Dedlock  (before  her  marriage  with 
sir  Leicester  Dedlock).  Esther  is  a  most 
lovable,  gentle  creature,  called  by  those 
who  know  her  and  love  her,  "  Dame 
Durdcn"  or  "Dame  Trot."  She  is  the 
heroine    of    the    tale,    and    a    ward    in 


ESTIFANIA. 


309 


ETHIOPIANS. 


Chancery.  Eventually  she  marries  Allan 
Woodcourt,  a  surgeon. — C.  Dickens, 
Bleak  House  (1852). 

Estifa'nia,  an  intriguing  woman, 
servant  of  donna  Margaritta  the  Spanish 
heiress.  She  palms  herself  off  on  don 
Michael  Perez  (the  copt>cr  captain)  as  an 
heiress,  and  the  mistress  of  Margaritta's 
mansion.  The  captain  marries  her,  and 
finds  out  that  all  her  swans  are  only 
geese. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  llule  a 
Wife  and  Have  a  Wife  (1640). 

Mrs.  Prltchord  was  excellent  in  "The  Queen*  In 
Bamltt  rShakenMarel   "Ctorlnda"  [TKt   Beau'i  Dual, 

OentlivreJ,  "  li^tifauia,  "  Doll  Common  *  [77i«  A  Ichcmut, 
11.  Juusouj. — Charles  Dilxlin. 

Est-il-Possible  ?  a  nickname  given 
to  George  of  Denmark  (queen  Anne's 
husband),  because  his  general  remark  to 
the  most  Btartling  announcement  was 
Est  il possiblei  With  this  exclamation  he 
exhausted  the  vials  of  his  wrath.  It  was 
James  II.  who  gave  him  the  sobriquet. 

Est'mere  (2  syl.),  king  of  England. 
He  went  with  his  younger  brother  Adler 
to  the  court  of  king  Adlands,  to  crave  his 
daughter  in  marriage  ;  but  king  Adlands 
replied  thatBremor,  thesowdan  or  sultan 
of  Spain,  had  forestalled  him.  However, 
the  lady,  being  consulted,  gave  her  voice 
in  favour  of  the  king  of  England.  While 
Estmere  and  his  brother  went  to  make 
preparations  for  the  wedding,  the  "sow- 
dan"  arrived,  and  demanded  the  lad;  to 
wife.  A  messenger  was  immediately  de- 
spatched to  inform  Estmere,  and  the  two 
brothers  returned,  disguised  as  a  harper 
and  his  boy.  They  gained  entrance  into 
the  palace,  and  Adler  sang,  saying, 
"  0  ladye,  this  is  thy  owne  true  love  ; 
no  harper,  but  a  king;"  and  then  drawing 
his  sword  he  slew  the  "sowdan,"  list- 
mere  at  the  same  time  chasing  from  the 
hall  the  "  kempcry  men."  Being  now 
master  of  the  position,  Estmere  took 
"the  ladye  faire,"  made  her  his  wife,  ami 
brought  her  home  to  England. — Percy, 
Beiujuee,  I.  i.  5. 

Estot'iland,  a  vast  tract  of  land  in 
the  north  of  America.  Said  to  have  been 
discovered  by  John  ScalvO,  a  Pole,  in 
1477. 

The  mow 
From  colj  Estotlhiml. 

Milton.  1-ar.KliM  LoU,  X.  665  (1CC3). 

Estrildis  or  Elstrod,  daughter  of 
Mm  emperor  of  Germany.    She  was  taken 

captive  in  war  by  Locrin  (king  of 
llriUin),  by  whom  she  became  the  mother 


of  Sabrin  or  Sabre.  Gwendolen,  the 
wife  of  Locrin,  feeling  insulted  by  thia 
liaison,  slew  her  husband,  and  had 
Estnbiis  and  her  daughter  thrown  into  a 
river,  since  called  the  Sabri'na  or  Severn. 
— Geoffrey,  British  History,  ii.  2,  etc. 

Their  corses  were  dissolved  Into  (hat  crystal  stream. 
Their  curls  to  curled  wares. 

Drayton,  PolyoIMon,  rt  (1813. 

Ete'ocles  and  Polyni'ces,  the  two 
sons  of  OZ'dipos.  After  the  expulsion  of 
their  father,  these  two  young  princes 
agreed  to  reign  alternate  years  id  Thebes. 
Eteock's,  being  the  elder,  took  the  first 
turn,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  refugee 
to  resign  the  sceptre  to  his  brother ; 
whereupon  Polyniccs,  aided  by  six  other 
chiefs,  laid  siege  to  the  city".  The  two 
brothers  met  in  combat,  and  each  wad 
slain  by  the  other's  hand. 

%*  A  similar  fratricidal  Btru^'Ie  is 
told  of  don  Pedro  of  Castile  and  his  half- 
brother  don  Henry.  When  don  l'edro 
had  estranged  the  Castiliarw  by  hia 
cruelty,  don  Henry  invaded  Castile  with 
a  body  of  French  auxiliaries,  and  took 
his  brother  prisoner.  Don  Henry  visiter] 
him  in  prison,  and  the  two  brothers  fell 
on  each  other  like  lions.  Henry  H 
Pedro  in  the  face,  but  fell  over  a  bench, 
when  Pedro  seized  him.  At  that  moment 
a  Frenchman  seized  Pedro  by  the  leg, 
tossed  him  over,  and  Henry  slew  him.— 
Menard,  History  of  Du  Guesciin. 

(This  is  the  subject  of  ope  of  Lock- 
hart's  Spanish  ballads.) 

Eth'elbert,  king  of  Kent,  r.nd  the 
first  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  kings  who  was 
a  Christian.  He  persuaded  Gregory  to 
send  over  Augustine  to  convert  the 
lish  to  "  the  true  faith"  (596),  and  built 
St.  Paul's,  London. — Ethelwerd's  Chro- 
nicle, ii. 

Good  Ethelbert  of  Kent,  first  christened  Enclish  king. 
To  preach  the  faith  of  Christ  was  Oltt  did  hither  bring 
Wise  Augustine  the  monk,  from  hoi)  Gregory  sent  .  .  . 
That  mighty  fano  to  I'aul  in  I- 

Drayton.  I'olyotbwn,  sL  (1613). 

Eth'erington  (The  late  earl  of), 
father  of  TyrreJ  and  Bolmer. 

The  titular  earl  if  EtheringUM,  his  suc- 
cessor to  the  title  and  estates. 

Marie  ds  Martigny  (La  comtssse),  wife 
of  the  titular  earl  of  Etherington 
W.     Bcott,     St.    Roma's     Weil    (time, 
George  111.). 

Ethiopians,  the  same  as  Abaa- 
sinians.  The  Arabians  call  these  people 
Kl-h.ibascn  or  Al-haboMeii,  whence  our 
Abaasins,  but  tliev  call  themselvea  ltbia- 


ETHIOPIAN  WOOD. 


310 


EUCIIARIS. 


pians   or  Ethiopians. — Selden,    Titles  of 
Honour,  vi.  64. 

Where  the  A  basin  kings  their  tame  guard, 
Mount  Amaru. 

Milton.  raradUt  Lost,  It.  230  (1665). 

Ethio'pian  Wood,  ebony. 

The  seats  were  made  of  Ethiopian  wood. 
The  polished  el>ony. 
Sir  W.  bavenant,  Oondibert,  u.  6  (died  1668). 

Ethiop's  Queen,  referred  to  by 
Milton  in  his  //  I'cnseroso,  was  Cassiope'a, 
wife  of  Ce'|)hcus  (2  syl.)  king  of  Ethio- 
pia.  Boasting  that  she  was  fairer  than 
the  sea-nymphs,  she  offended  the  Nereids, 
who  complained  to  Neptune.  Old  father 
Earth-Shaker  sent  a  huge  sea-monster  to 
ravage  her  kingdom  for  her  insolence. 
At  death  Cassiopea  was  made  a  constella- 
tion of  thirteen  stars. 

.  .  .  that  starred  Ethlop  queen  that  strove 
To  set  her  beauty's  praise  above 
The  sua-nymphs,  anil  their  powers  offended. 

Milton,  //  Porueroto.  19  (163S). 

Ethnic  Plot.  The  "Popish  Plot"  is 
so  called  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophel.  As  Dryden  calls  the 
royalists  "Jews,"  and  calls  Charles  II. 
"  David  king  of  the  .Tews,"  the  papists 
were  "Gentiles"  (or  Ethnoi),  whence  the 
"Ethnic  Plot"  means  the  plot  of  the 
Ethnoi  against  the  people  of  God. — Pt.  i. 
(1681). 

Etiquette  (Madame),  the  duchesse 
de  Noaillcs,  grand-mistress  of  the  cere- 
monies in  the  court  of  Marie  Antoinette  ; 
so  called  from  her  rigid  enforcement  of 
all  the  formalities  and  ceremonies  of  the 
ancien  rfyime. 

Et'na.  Zeus  buried  under  this  moun- 
tain Enkel'ados,  one  of  the  hundred- 
handed  giants. 

The  whole  land  weighed  him  down,  as  Etna  doea 
The  giant  of  mythology. 

Tennyson,  The  Oolden  Supper. 

Etteilla,  the  pseudonym  of  Alliette 
(spelt  backwards),  a  perruquier  and 
diviner  of  the  eighteenth  century.  lie 
became  a  professed  cabal ist,  and  was 
visited  in  his  studio  in  the  Hotel  de 
Crillon  (Rue  de  la  Verrerie),  by  all  those 
who  desired  to  unroll  the  Book  of  Fate. 
In  1783  he  published  Maniere  de  se 
Ii&cre'er  avec  te  Jeu  de  Cartes,  nommtfes 
Tarots.  In  the  British  Museum  are  some 
divination  cards  published  in  Paris  in  the 
first  half  of  the  nineteenth  century,  called 
Grand  Etteilla  and  Petit  Etteilla,  each 
pack  being  accompanied  with  a  book  of 
explication  and  instruction. 

Ettorcap,  an  ill-tempered  person,  who 


mars  sociability.  The  ettercap  is  the 
poison-spider,  and  should  be  spelt 
"Attercop."  (Anglo-Saxon,  atter-cop, 
•'  poison-spider.") 

O  sire,  was  sic  difference  Ken 

As  'twbxt  wte  Will  and  Tamt 
The  ane's  a  perfect  ettsreap. 

The  liner's  just  a  lamb, 

W.  MUler,  Xurtery  Songt. 

Ettrick  Shepherd  (The),  James 
Hogg,  the  Scotch  poet,  who  was  born  in 
the  forest  of  Ettrick,  in  Selkirkshire,  and 
was  in  early  life  a  shepherd  (1772-1835). 

Etty's  Nine  Pictures,  "  ths 
Combat,"  the  three  "Judith"  pictures, 
"  Benaiah,"  "  Ulysses  and  the  Syrens," 
and  the  three  pictures  of  "  Joan  of  Arc." 

"  Mv  aim,"  says  Etty,  "In  all  my  great  pictures  has 
been  to  paint  some  great  moral  on  the  heart.  "The 
Combat'  represents  the  be-iuty  of  mercy;  the  three 
'Judith'  picture*,  pit  riot  inn  (1.  $eif-devotion  to  tiod  ; 
I.  iel/devotion  to  man:  3.  tetf-dteotion  to  country); 
'Beuatah.  Darld's  chief  captain,'  represents  valour; 
'  Ulysses  and  the  Syrens,'  lentual  delight*  or  the  ungee 
of  tin  U  death  ;  and  the  three  pictures  of  '  Joan  of  Arc  ' 
depict  rrligion.  loyalty,  and  patriotism.  In  all.  nine  la 
number,  a.1  it  was  my  desire  to  paint  three  limes  three.1* 
—William  Etty,  of  York  (1787-1841*). 

Et'zel  or  Ez'zel  (i.e.  Attila),  king  of 
the  Huns,  in  the  songs  of  the  German 
minnesingers.  A  ruler  over  three  king- 
doms and  thirty  principalities.  His  second 
wife  was  Kriemhild,  the  widow  of  Sieg- 
fried. In  pt.  ii.  of  the  Niebehmgtm  Lied, 
he  sees  his  sons  and  liegemen  struck  down 
without  making  the  least  effort  to  save 
them,  and  is  as  unlike  the  Attila  of  history 
as  a  "hector"  is  to  the  noble  Trojan  "the 
protector  of  mankind." 

Eubo'nia,  Isle  of  Man. 

He  reigned  over  Britain  and  Its  three  Hands.— Nennlua, 
Ulttory  0/  the  Dritow. 

(The  three  islands  are  Isle  of  Wight, 
Eubonia,  and  Orkney.) 

Eu'charis,  one  of  the  nymphs  of 
Calypso,  with  whom  Telemachos  was 
deeply  smitten.  Mentor,  knowing  his 
love  was  sensual  love,  hurried  him  away 
from  the  island.  He  afterwards  fell 
in  love  with  Anti'ope,  and  Mentor  ap- 
proved his  choice. — Fe'nelon,  Tel£maquet 
yii.  (1700). 

He  [Paul]  fancied  he  had  found  In  Virginia  the  wisdom 
of  Autiop£,  with  the  misfortunes  and  the  tenderness  of 
Eiieliaria,— Bernardln  de  St.  Pierre,  Paul  and  Virginia 
(1788). 

(Eucharis  is  meant  for  Mdlle.  de  Fon- 
tange,  maid  of  honour  to  Mde.  ds 
Montespan.  For  a  few  months  she  was 
a  favourite  with  Louis  XIV.,  but  losiue 
her  good  looks  she  was  discarded,  ana 
died  at  the  age  of  20.  She  used  to  dress 
her    hair  with    streaming    rilibons,   and 


EUCLIO. 


311 


EUPHRASIA. 


hence  this  style  of  head-gear  was  called 
a  la  Pontange.) 

Eu'clio,  a  penurious  old  hunks. — 
Plautus,  Aulularia. 

Now  jrou  must  explain  all  this  to  roe.  unless  yon  would 

have  DM  u*e  you  u*  ill  as  Euclio  does  Staphylii Sir  W. 

Scott. 

Eu'crates  (3  syl.),  the  miller,  and 
one  of  the  archons  of  Athens.  A 
shulHing  fellow,  always  evading  his  duty 
and  breaking  his  promise ;  hence  the 
Latin  proverb : 

Vlas  novlt,  quibus  cffuglat  Eucrates  ("He  has  more 
shifts  than  Eucrates  "). 

Eudo'cia  (4  syl.),  daughter  of 
Eu'mcnus  governor  of  Damascus.  Pho'- 
cyas,  general  of  the  Syrian  forces,  being 
in  loye  with  her,  asks  the  consent  of 
Eumenes,  and  is  refused.  In  revenge,  he 
goes  over  to  the  Arabs,  who  are  besieging 
Damascus.  Eudocia  is  taken  captive, 
but  refuses  to  wed  a  traitor.  At  the  end, 
Pho'cyas  dies,  and  Eudocia  retires  into  a 
nunnery. — John  Hughes,  The  Siege  of 
Damascus  (1720). 

Eudon  (Count)  of  Cantabria.  A  baron 
favourable  to  the  Moors,  "too  weak- 
minded  to  be  independent."  When  the 
Spaniards  rose  up  against  the  Moors,  the 
first  order  of  the  Moorish  chief  was  this  : 
"Strike  off  count  Eudon's  head;  the  fear 
which  brought  him  to  our  camp  will  bring 
him  else  in  arms  against  us  now "  (ch. 
xxv.). — Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xiii. 
(1814). 

Eudox'ia,  wife  of  the  emperor 
Valentin'ian.  Petro'nius  Max'imus  "  poi- 
soned "  the  emperor,  and  the  empress 
killed  Maximus. — Beaumontand  Fletcher, 
Vatentinian  (1617). 

Eugo'nia,  called  "Silence"  and  the 
"  Unknown."  She  was  wife  of  count  de 
Valmont,  and  mother  of  Florian,  "  the 
foundling  of  the  forest."  In  order  to 
come  into  the  property,  baron  Longueville 
nsed  every  endeavour  to  kill  Eugenia  and 
Florian,  but  all  his  attempts  were  abortive, 
and  his  villainy  at  length  was  brought  to 
light.— W.  Dimond,  The  Foundliwj  of  the 
forest. 

Eugenio,  a  young  gentleman  who 
turned  goat-herd,  because  Lcandra  jilted 
him  and  eloped  with  a  heartless  adven- 
tur.-r,  named  Vincent  de  la  Rosa, — <Yr- 
fantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv.  *J0  ("The 
Goat-herd's  Story,"  1605). 

Elirro'niiis,  the  friend  and  wise  conn- 
sailor  of  forick.    John  Hall  Stevenson 


was    the    original    of    this    character.— 
Sterne,  Tristram  Shandy  (17.r>;»). 

Euho'meros,  a  Sicilian  Greek,  who 
wrote  a  Sacred  History  to  explain  the 
historical  or  allegorical  character  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  mythologies. 

One  could  wish  BBbSmOrai  had  BOTCf  bern  born.  II 
was  he  who  spoilt  [(/*  old  mylM\  first  — OuiJa,  a  riadn*. 
I.  JL 

Eulenspiegel  (Tyll),  i.e.  "Tyll 
Owlglass,"  of  lirunswiek.  A  man  who 
runs  through  the  world  as  charlatan,  fool, 
lansquenet,  domestic  servant,  artist,  nnd 
Jack-of-all«-tradcs.  He  undertakes  any- 
thing, but  rejoices  in  cheating  those  who 
employ  him  ;  he  parodies  proverbs,  re- 
joices in  mischief,  and  is  brimful  of 
pranks  and  drolleries.  Whether  Bulen- 
spiegel  was  a  real  character  or  not  is  a 
matter  of  dispute,  but  by  many  the  au- 
thorship of  the  book  recording  his  jokes 
is  attributed  to  the  famous  German  sat- 
irist, Thomas  Murncr. 

In  the  English  versions  of  tho  story  ho 
is  called  1/owle-glana. 

To  few  mortals  has  It  been  granted  to  earn  men  a  plaea 
In  universal  history  as  T;  1  Now.  after  Ova 

centuries,  his  native  village  U  pointed  out  with  pride  to 
the  traveller. — Carlyle. 

Eumaeos  (in  Latin,  Eumaus),  the 
slave  and  swine-herd  of  Ulysses,  hence 
any  swine-herd. 

Eu'menes  (3  syl.'),  governor  of 
Damascus,  and  father  of  F.udo'cia. — 
John  Hughes,  Siege  of  Damascus  (1720). 

Eumnes'tes,  Memory  personified. 
Spensei  Bays  he  is  an  old  man,  decrepit 
ami  half  blind.  He  was  waited  on  by  a  boy 
named  Anamnestes.       (Greek,   cwuru'xtis, 

"  good  memory,"  ini-tmN/'  .';>,  •'  hm  arch.") 

—Faery  Queen,  ii.  9  (1590). 

Hr  fPincyl  straight  commits  thrin  to  his  treasury 
Win,  I  tea  kaafss,  father  of  un-uiory — 

lea  old,  who  In  his  Urtns  scrssn 
illi    ,  rotsl  tad  r.v,.r>ls  bean 

of  all  tho  deeds  Ami  HMO  which  he  batfa  soen. 
And  kattsl  lodtad  up  In  faithful  rrvMrn. 

Mwi  flatBhar,  faa  INsn  •«  Mdsalj  rt  (163SV 

Eu'riOO  (8  •".'//.),  a  river  of  pur 
a  draught  of  which  makes  the  mind  rec«.ll 

all   the   good   deeds  and   g 1   offices  of 

life-.      It  is  a  little  beyond   Lethe    or  the 
river  of  forgetful 

Lol  where  P.umx>  Hon, 
'I;,  r  i  ■mi, I.  as  Uuhi  art  Vasts,  twrlra 
Hu  faiiilitiK  virtue. 

DanK.  rurj.iiory.  mill.  (IMS*. 

Euphra'sia,  I'.au^'htt  r  of  lord  Dion, 
a  character  resembling  "Viola  '  in  Shake- 
speare  Being  iD  love 

with  prince  Philaster.  she  assumes  boy's 
attire,  calls  herself  "  LclUno,"*u»d  tiiUr» 


EUPHRASIA. 


312 


EURYDICE. 


fhe  prince's  service.  Philaster  transfers 
Bellario  to  the  princess  Arethusa,  and 
then  grows  jealous  of  the  lady's  love  for 
her  tender  page.  The  sex  of  Bellario 
being  discovered,  shows  the  groundless- 
ness of  this  jealousy. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Philaster  or  Love  Lies  a-bleeding 
(1608). 

Euphra'sia,  "  the  Grecian  daughter," 
was  daughter  of  Evander,  the  old  king  of 
Syracuse  (dethroned  by  Dionysius,  and 
kept  prisoner  in  a  dungeon  on  the  summit 
oi  a  rock).  She  was  the  wife  of  Phocion, 
wlio  had  fled  from  Syracuse  to  save  their 
infant  son.  Euphrasia,  having  gained 
admission  to  the  dungeon  where  her  aged 
father  was  dying  from  starvation, 
•'  fostered  him  at  her  breast  by  the  milk 
designed  for  her  own  babe,  and  thus  the 
father  found  a  parent  in  the  child." 
When  Tiuioleon  took  Syracuse,  Dionysius 
was  about  to  stab  Evander,  but  Eu- 
phrasia, rushing  forward,  struck  the 
tvrant  dead  upon  the  spot. — A.  Murphy, 
the  Grecian  Laughter  (1772). 

%*  The  same  tale  is  told  of  Xantippe, 
who  preserved  the  life  of  her  father 
Cimo'nos  in  prison.  The  guard,  astonished 
that  the  old  man  held  out  so  long,  set  a 
watch  and  discovered  the  secret. 

There  is  a  dungeon,  In  whose  dim  drear  light 

What  do  I  gaze  on  !  .  .  . 

An  old  man,  and  a  female  young  and  fair. 

Fresh  as  a  nursing  mother,  In  whose  veins 

The  blood  is  nectar  .  .  . 

Here  .youth  offers  to  old  age  the  food, 

The  milk  of  his  own  gift.  ...  It  Is  her  sire. 

To  whom  she  renders  back  the  debt  of  blood. 

Byron,  Child*  Harold,  Iy.  148  (1817). 

Eu'phrasy,  the  herb  eye-bright ;  so 
called  because  it  was  once  supposed  to  be 
efficacious  in  clearing  the  organs  of  sight. 
Hence  the  archangel  Michael  purged  the 
eyes  of  Adam  with  it,  to  enable  him  to  see 
into  the  distant  future. — See  Milton, 
Paradise  Lost,  xi.  414-421  (1665). 

Eu'phues  (3  syl.),  the  chief  cha- 
racter in  John  Lilly's  Euphues  or  The 
Anatomy  of  Wit,  and  Euphues  and  his 
England.  He  is  an  Athenian  gentle- 
man, distinguished  for  his  elegance,  wit, 
love-making,  and  roving  habits.  Shake- 
speare borrowed  his  "  government  of  the 
bees  "  (Henry  V.  act  i.  sc.  2)  from  Lilly. 
Euphues  was  designed  to  exhibit  the 
style  affected  by  the  gallants  of  England 
in  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth.  Thomas 
Lodge  wrote  a  novel  in  a  similar  style, 
called  Euphues''  Golden  Legacy  (1590). 

"The  commonwealth  of  your  bees,"  replied  Euphues, 
"  did  so  delight  me  that  I  wag  not  a  little  sorry  that  either 
theli  estates  hava  not  been  longer,  or  your  leisure  more  j 
far,  in  niy  suujilo  judgment,  there  was  such  an  orderly 


government  that  men  may  not  be  ashamed  te  imitate 
it."— J.  Lilly,  Euphuet  (1681). 

(The  romances  of  Calprene'de  and 
Scude'ri  bear  the  same  relation  to  the 
jargon  of  Louis  XIV.,  as  the  Euphues  of 
Lilly  to  that  of  queen  Elizabeth.) 

Eure'ka !  or  rather  Heure'ka  !  ("  I 
have  discovered  it ! ")  The  exclamation  of 
Archime'des,  the  Syracusian  philosopher, 
when  he  found  out  how  to  test  the  purity 
of  Hi'ero's  crown. 

The  tale  is,  that  Hiero  suspected  that 
a  craftsman  to  whom  he  had  given  a 
certain  weight  of  gold  to  make  into  a 
crown  had  alloyed  the  metal,  and  he 
asked  Archimedes  to  ascertain  if  his  sus- 
picion was  well  founded.  The  philosopher, 
getting  into  his  bath,  observed  that  the 
water  ran  over,  and  it  flashed  into  his 
mind  that  his  bod)'  displaced  its  own 
bulk  of  water.  Now,  suppose  Hiero  gave 
the  goldsmith  1  lb.  of  gold,  and  the 
crown  weighed  1  lb.,  it  is  manifest  that  if 
the  crown  was  pure  gold,  both  ought 
to  displace  the  same  quantity  of  water; 
but  they  did  not  do  so,  and  therefore  the 
gold  had  been  tampered  with.  Archi- 
medes next  immersed  in  water  1  lb.  of 
silver,  and  the  difference  of  water  dis- 
placed soon  gave  the  clue  to  the  amount  of 
alloy  introduced  by  the  artificer. 

Vltruvlus  says :  "  When  the  Idea  occurred  to  the  philo- 
sopher, he  jumped  out  of  his  bath,  and  without  waiting  to 
put  on  his  clothes,  he  ran  home,  exclaiming,  '  Ueurika  I 
heurekal'  " 

Euro'pa.  The  Fight  at  Lame  Europd'a 
School,  written  by  the  Kcv.  H.  W.  Pullen, 
minor  canon  of  Salisbury  Cathedral.  A 
skit  on  the  Franco-Prussian  war  (1870- 
1871). 

Europe's  Liberator.  So  Welling- 
ton was  called  after  the  overthrow  of 
Bonaparte  (1769-1852). 

Oh  Wellington  .  .  .  called  "  Saviour  of  the  Nation*"  . 
And  "  Europe's  Liberator." 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  lx.  5  (ISM). 

Eu'rus,  the  east  wind  ;  Zephyr,  the 
west  wind ;  No'tus,  the  south  wind ; 
Bo'reas,  the  north  wind.  Eurus,  in  Ita- 
lian, is  called  the  Lev'ant  ("rising  of 
the  sun  "),  and  Zephyr  is  called  Po'nent 
("  setting  of  the  sun  "). 

Forth  rush  the  Levant  and  the  Ponent  winds— 
Eurus  and  Zephyr. 

Milton,  ParadUe  Loit,  x.  705  (1666). 

Euryd'ice  (4  syl.),  the  wife  of 
Orpheus,  killed  .by  a  serpent  on  -her 
wedding  night.  Orpheus  went  down  to 
hades  to  crave  for  her  restoration  to  life, 
and  Pluto  said  she  should  follow  him  to 
earth  provided  he  did  not  look  back.  Whe» 


EURYTION*. 


313 


EVA! 


the  \«*t  was  stepping  on  the  eoni 
our  eArth,  he  turned  to  see  if  Eurydic£ 
was  following,  iiinl  j  11  t  caught  a  ((lance 
of  hex  m  the  was  ■natrntrfl  he  k  into  the 
ihmliH  below. 

(Pope  telle  Hie  talc   in  his  Pindaric 
poem,  called   Ode  on  St.  Cecilia'. 
1709.) 

Euryt'ion,  tho  herdsman  of  GerVon. 
lit-  never  ilepl  day  nor  night,  hot  walked 
enceasingly  among  hie  funis  with  his 
two-he  i  "  Hercules 

them  all  did  overcome.*1 — Spenser,  FUry 
Qhmm,  v.  io  (1696). 

Eus'tace,  one  of  the  attendants  of 
air  Reginald  Front  de  Baeuf  (a  follower 
of  prince  .lolin). — Sir  W.  Scott,  hanhue 
(time,  Richard  !.)• 

Eustace    (Father),   or    "father   Eusta- 

tius,"  the  superior  and  afterwards  a!. hot 

Marys.    He  was  formerly  William 

Allan,  and  the  friend  of  Henry  Warden 

(afterwards  the  prCTtlttant  preacher). — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie  Monastery  (time, 
Elizahcth). 

Eustace  (Charles),  a  pupil  of  Ignatius 
Polyglot.      He   has    been    clandestinely 

married   for  four  years,   and   has   a   liltle 

Bon  named   Frederick.    Chat 
contides    his    scrape    to    Polyglot,    and 
conceals  his  young  wife   in   the  tutor's 
private  room.     Polyglot  is  thought  to  he 
a  libertine,  but  the  truth  comes  out,  ami 

all  parties  are  reconciled. — J.  Poole,  J  he 

,'iat. 

'tace  (Jack),  the  lover  of  Luanda. 
and  "a  very  worthy  young  fellow,"  of 
nod  character  and  family.     As  justice 
Woodcock  was  averse  to  the   mai 
Jack    introduced    himself    as    a 
irastcr,  and   sir  William   Meadows,   who 

rwognued  him,  persuaded  the  justice  t<> 
at  to  the    marriage   of  the  young 

This  he  was  the  more  ready  to 
do  a«  his  sister  Deborah  said  positively  he 

.  ;,  ).vtc 
m  a  YUlaje. 

Euthana'fiia,  an  easy,  happy  death. 
The    word    occurs    in    the    Dunciad.    and 

Byron  has  •  poem  so  entitled.     Eutha- 
nasia generally  means  a  harbour 
and  peace  after  the  storms  of  life:  "Inveni 

Crtun 
•  und  my  Euthai  i  ell  to 

tin  battle  of  hfe."     ^i , 
"  a  happy  d(  ■ 

To  vli.rtn  <lo".  not  tluit  m«W  il»n>»<n.  «1   l.rUa    wllh 
.»    ul    f,»ir    link    partltoMk    M 

•Uij«u>>  ^.ului.  rlw  u|>  l.f.>i.  I.. 

11 


•7»  m  the  .rrr  Mrml  of  •  h»ppr  ml    ritr— r  .  .      Sm 

KuUuu.».-.i...f  .  'Ife...'  r..  ■■■  •      t*ty.  JrM_ 

lTu«  rt'.ctvucr  U  t»  oi/  JSL**.  I 

•    '  >»k. 
Slie    i  , 

BirW.  '      /  of  J'erth  (time, 

Henry  IV.;. 

Evad'ne  (8  tyi.),  wife  of*Kar/aneas 

pile  of  her  husband,  and   was  cunsumed 
with  him. 

Evad'ne  (3   syl.),  si---  ntius. 

Amintoi  we  I  by  the  k 

marry  her,  although  he  was 
Aspasia  (the  "  maid  "  a 
the  tragical  event  of  the  drama). — lk-au- 

mont  and  Fletcher,  The  Mauls  T\ 
(101U). 


The  purltjr  of  fenuile  rtrtuo  In  Ki\*Ax  It  **U  I 
with  Uie  mnltj  bulduoM  ol 

likr  bearing  and  nunlr  hath*  rtndar  U» 

wlfUh  MnjnaJUr  of  the  .  ■^•■""S 

—  U.  Huuijla-n.  £n;ui  lUtnitar*,  i 

a  drama  by 
8heil(1820).    Lud 

of  Na:  .  urdor 

the  km.;  ai   I 
stumbling-block 

lonna,   a  high-minded    nobleman,    who 
cannot     be  I 

the  marquis  is  I. 
to    Vteentio.     Le 

lonna  to  murder  Vicentio  and  the 
k  1 1 1 _' ,    and    then     to     debet* 
With  this  in 
that   Bradnfl  is  the  kii 

and   tl.  \ 

flimsy  cloak,  but  he  a 
it  will  make  your  for: .. 
Neapolitan   .  L  and  flis 

l'.vadno     M    a    viper.        Her 
indignant,    chall. 
h .v«  r     to     a     duel,     and     Via 
LadOVicO   now  i r r 

-   amour,   ■ 

him    t0   i"\  :' 

then    murder    him.       The    k 
the  ban  [uet,  and  Evadni  .  m  the 

and 
anion,;  I  , 

I 
I 
struck  i 
Ludoi 

■ 

I.Uclo\  i 

him    ai   his  dupe,  and  i 

mn  kil  it  tho 

forward, 
ami  or.  Th« 

.» 


EVAN  DHU  OF  LOCH  I  EL. 


314 


EYELTN. 


kills  him.  Vicentio  now  enters,  tells  how 
his  ear  has  been  abused,  and  marries 
Evadne\ 

Evan  Dhu  of  Lochiel,  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 

Evan  Dhu  M'Combich,the  foster- 
brother  of  M'lvor. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wavcr- 
iey  (time,  George  II.). 

Evandale  (The  Right  Hon.  W.  Max- 
well, lord),  in  the  royal  army  under  the 
duke  of  Monmouth.  He  is  a  suitor  of 
Edith  Bellendcn,  the  granddaughter  of 
lady  Margaret  Bellenden,  of  the  Tower 
of  Tillietudlem.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Evan'der,  the  "good  old  king  of 
Syracuse,"  dethroned  by  Dionysius  the 
Younger.  Evander  had  dethroned  the 
elder  Dionysius  "and  sent  him  for  vile 
%ibsistence,  a  wandering  sophist  through 
.  Ve  realms  of  Greece."  He  was  the 
iu\her  of  Euphrasia,  and  was  kept  in  a 
dungeon  on  the  top  of  a  rock,  where  he 
would  have  been  starved  to  death,  if 
Euphrasia  had  not  nourished  him  with 
"  the  milk  designed  for  her  own  babe." 
When  Syracuse  was  taken  by  Timoleon, 
Dionysius  by  accident  came  upon  Evan- 
der, and  would  have  killed  him,  but 
Euphrasia  rushed  forward  and  stabbed 
the  tyrant  to  the  heart. — A.  Murphy,  The 
Qrecvan  Daughter  (1772).  (See  Errors 
of  Authors,  "  Dionysius,"  p.  304.) 

Mr.  Rentley,  May  6,  1796,  took  leave  of  the  stage  In  the 
character  of  "  Evander." — W.  C.  Russell,  /U-j  raeiit-tfiee 
Actors,  436. 

Evangelic  Doctor  (The),  John 
Wycliffe,  "the  Morning  Star  of  the  Re- 
formation" (1324-1384.). 

Evangeline,  the  heroine  and  title 
of  a  tale  in  hexameter  verse  by  Long- 
fellow, in  two  parts.  Evangeline  was  the 
daughter  of  Benedict  Bellefontaine,  the 
richest  farmer  of  Acadia  (now  Nova  Scotia). 
At  the  age  of  17  she  was  legally  betrothed 
by  the  notary-public  to  Gabriel  son  of 
Basil  the  blacksmith,  but  next  day  all 
the  colony  was  exiled  by  the  order  of 
George  II.,  and  their  houses,  cattle,  and 
lands  were  confiscated.  Gabriel  and 
Evangeline  were  parted,  and  now  began 
the  troubles  of  her  life.  She  wandered 
from  place  to  place  to  find  her  betrothed. 
Basil  had  settled  at  Louisiana,  but  when 
Evangeline  reached  the  place  Gabriel  had 
just  left ;  she  then  went  to  the  prairies,  to 
Michigan,  and  so  on,  but  at  every  place 
the  was  just  too  late  to  catch  him.     At 


length,  grown  old  in  this  hopeless  search, 
she  went  to  Philadelphia  and  became  a 
sister  of  mercy.  The  plague  broke  out 
in  the  city,  and  as  she  visited  the  alms- 
house she  saw  an  old  man  smitten  down 
with  the  pestilence.  It  was  Gabriel. 
He  tried  to  whisper  her  name,  but  death 
closed  his  lips.  He  was  buried,  and 
Evangeline  lies  beside  him  in  the  grave. 

(Longfellow's  Evangeline  (1849)  has 
many  points  of  close  similitude  with 
Campbell's  tale  of  Gertrude  of  Wyominii. 
1809.) 

Evans  (Sir  Hugh),  a  pedantic  Welsh 
parson  and  schoolmaster  of  extraordinary 
simplicity  and  native  shrewdness. — 
Shakespeare,  The  Merry  Wives  of  Wind- 
sor (1601). 

The  reader  may  cry  out  with  honest  sir  Hugh  Evans, 
"  I  like  not  when  a  'oman  has  a  great  peard." — Macaulay. 

llen.krs.in  says:  "1  have  seen  John  Edwin,  In  'sir 
Hugh  Evans,"  when  pre|«ring  for  the  duel  keep  :he  house 
in  an  ecstasy  of  merriment  for  iuan>  minutes  together 
without  speaking  a  word  *  (17SO-17IM). 

/.'runs  ( William),  the  giant  porter  of 
Charles  I.  He  carried  sir  Geoffrey  Hud- 
son about  in  his  pocket.  Evans  was 
eight  feet  in  height,  and  Hudson  only 
eighteen  inches.  Fuller  mentions  this 
giant  amongst  his  Worthies.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Feverii  of  the  Teak  (time,  Charles 
!»•)• 

Evan'the  (3  syl.),  sister  of  Sora'no, 
the  wicked  instrument  of  Frederick  duke 
of  Naples,  and  the  chaste  wife  of  Valerio. 
The  duke  tried  to  seduce  her,  but  failing 
in  this  scandalous  attempt,  offered  to 
give  her  to  any  one  "for  a  month,"  at 
the  end  of  which  time  the  libertine  was 
to  suffer  death.  No  one  would  accept 
the  offer,  and  ultimately  Evanthe  was 
restored  to  her  husband. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  A  Wife  for  a  Month  (1624). 

Eve  (1  syl.)  or  Havah,  the  "mother 
of  all  living"  (Gen.  iii.  20).  Before  the 
expulsion  from  paradise  her  name  was 
Ishah,  because  she  was  taken  out  of  ish, 
i.e.  "man"  (Gen.  ii.  23). 

Eve  was  of  such  giganUc  stature  that  when  she  laid  hct 
head  on  one  hill  near  Mecca,  her  knees  rested  on  two 
other  hills  In  the  plain,  about  two  gun-shots  asunder. 
Adam  was  as  tall  as  a  palm  tree.— Moucuny,  Vouaat,  I. 
378.  etc 

Ev'eli'na  (4  syl.),  the  heroine  of  a 
novel  so  called  by  Miss  Burney  (af-.er- 
wards  Mde.  D'Arblav).  Evelina  marriej 
lord  Orville  (1778). 

Evelyn  (Alfred),  the  secretary  and 
relative  of  sir  John  Vesey.  He  made 
sir  John's  speeches,  wrote  his  pamphlets, 
got  together  his  facts,  mended  his  pens, 
and  received  no  salary.      Evelyn  loved 


EVELYN. 


315 


EWART. 


Clara  Douglas,  a  dependent  of  lady  Frank- 
lin's, I. nt  she  was  poor  also,  and  declined 
to  marry  him.  Scarcely  had  she  r 
him,  when  he  was  left  an  immense  fortune 
and  proposed  to  Georgina  Vesey.  What 
little  heart  Georgina  had  was  given  to 
iir  Frederick  Blount,  but  the  great  fortane 
of  Evelyn  made  her  wave ;  however, 
being  told  that  Evelyn's  property  was  in- 
secure, she  married  Frederick,  and  left 
Fvclvn  free  to  marry  Clara. — Lord  L. 
Bnlwer  Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Evelyn  (Sir  George),  a  man  of  for- 
tune, family,  and  character,  in  love  with 
Porrillon,  whom  he  marries. — Mrs.  Inch- 
bald,  Wives  as  they  Were  and  Maids  as 
tn,-,  Are  (1795). 

Even  Numbers  arc  reckoned  un- 
lucky. 

The  .  .  .  crow  .  .  .  cried  twice;  this  ei-en.  sir.  Is  no 
food  number.— A.  8..  TH*  UoiuM  Laioytr  lltilG). 

Among  the  Chinese,  hravn  Is  odd.  ixnd  rarth  cvnn. 
The  numliers  1.  3,  5.  7.  :'.  hnlong  t.j  gang  at  hraven  ;  but 
14,6,8,  10,  beloiiK  to  yin  or  earth. — Bar.  Mr.  Kdliins. 

*.*  Shakespeare  says." there  is  divinity 
in  odd  numbers"  (Merry  Wives  vf  Wiw.'t- 
bot,  act  v.  sc.  1,  1590). 

Everard  (Colonel  Markham),  of  the 
Commonwealth  party. 

Matter  Everard,  the  colonel's  father. — 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Ev'orett  (Master),  a  hired  witness  of 
the  "Popish  Plot." — Sir  W.  Scott,  l'ererd 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.,. 

Every  Man  in  His  Humour,  a 
comedy  by  Ben  Jonson  (1598).  The 
original  play  was  altered  by  David 
Garrick.  The  persons  to  whom  the  title 
of  the  drama  apply  are:  "captain 
Iiobndil,"  whose  humour  is  bragging  of 
his  brave  deeds  and  military  courage — 
he  is  thrashed  as  a  coward  by  1  "own- 
right ;  "  KiUdy,"  whose  humour  is  jea- 
lousy of  his  wife — he  is  befooled  and 
cured  by  a  trick  played  on  him  by  Brain- 
worm  ;  "Stephen,  whose  humour  is 
it  stupidity — he   is  played  on  by 

every  one  j  "  Ktio'well,"  ffhoSC  humour 
ia  suspicion  of  his  son  Edward,  which 
turns  out  to  be  all  moonshine;  " 
,-»itely,"  whose  humour  is  jealousy  of  her 
hu-hand,  but  she  (like  her  husband)  is 
cured  by  a  t  rick  devised  by  1'. rainworm, 
man  in  his  humour  is  liable  to  be 
duped  thereby,  for  his  humour  is  the 
"  Achilles'  heel  "  of  his  character. 

Evory  Man  out  of  His  I  Tu- 
mour, a  comedy  by  Ben  ■  '■ 


Every  One  has   His   Fault,    a 
comedy  by   Mrs.    [nchbald  (1794).     By 

the    fault   of    rigid    pride,    lord     Norland 
discarded     his     daughter,    lady     I.  • 
I  ■   she  marro 

By  the  fault  of  gallantry  and  defect  of  due 
courtesy  to  his  wife,  sir  Robert  Ramble 
drove   lady    Humble   into  a  divorce.      By 
the  fault  of  irresolution,  "Shall  I  marry  or 
shall  1  not?"  Solus  remained 
bachelor,  pining  for  a  wife  and  do- 
joys.     I5y  the  fault  of  deficient  spirit  and 
manliness,  Mr.    Placid  was  a  hen-    i 
husband.     By  the  fault  of  marrying 
out  the  consent  Of  his  wife's  friends.  Mr. 
Irwin   was   reduced   to   poverty   and   even 
crime.       Harmony    healed  these    faults: 
lord  Norland    rfceived    his   dat 
favour;   sir  Robert  Ramble  took  back  his 
wife;  Solus  married  Miss  Spinster;  Mr. 
Placid    assumed    the    rights   of   the   head 
of    the    family  ;    and    Mr.    Irwin. 
accepted  as  the  son-in-law  of  lord   Nor- 
land, was  raised    from   indL- 
niestic  comfort. 

Evil  May-Day,  May  1,  1M7,  when 
the  apprentices  commits 
especially   against   foreigners ;   and   the 
constable  of   the  i  1    his 

cannons    on    the    populace.     The    tumult 
began  in  Chcapsule  (time,  Henry  VIII.;. 

Eviot,  page    to    sir    John    Kamnmjr 
(master    of    the    horse    to    prince     R 
of   Scotland). — Sir   \V.   Scott,  fbs> 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Evir- Allen,  the  white-armed  daugh- 
ter of  Branno  an  Irishman.    "A  tin 

heroes  BOUght  the  maid  ;  she  refused  hi  r 
love  to  a  thousand.     The  sons 

sword  were  deS]  wed,  for  graceful  in  hi  r 
eyes  was  Ossian."  This  Kvir-All- 
the  mother  of  Oscar,  Fiu.-al's  grandson  ; 
but  she  was  not  alive  when  Fingal  went 
to  Ireland  to  assist  CORBM  n  rainst  th« 
invading  Norsemen,  which  forms  the 
subject  of  the    poem    called    fiwfal,  in  BUI 

books. — Ossian,  Fungal,  iv. 

Ew'ain      S  r  .  son  of   k 
and  M  bur's  half  - 

— Sir     T.     Mai. tv, 
Arthur,  i.  7S  (1  ■• 

Ewan    of    Bricclancls.   a 
soldier  in  the  army  of  Ifoutioae.     Sir  W. 
.    v  (time,  Qeorge  I.). 

Evvart    (.Via.'v,   i.e.  Anthony),  cap- 
tain  of   the    smuggler's    brig.     Sii     «. 

MI.). 

KxeoTibur,    Vi",;    Arthur  •    famous 


EXCALIBUR. 


316 


EYED. 


BWOrdg.  There  secmb  to  have  been  two  of 
hie  swords  so  culled.  One  was  the  sword 
sheathed  in  6tone,  which  no  one  could 
draw  thence,  save  he  who  was  to  be  king 
of  the  land.  Above  200  knights  tried  to 
release  it,  but  failed  ;  Arthur  alone  could 
draw  it  with  ease,  and  thus  proved  his 
right  of  succession  (pt.  i.  3).  In 
ch.  7  this  sword  is  called  Excalibur,  and 
is  said  to  have  been  bo  bright  "that  it 
gave  light  like  thirty  torches."  After  his 
tight  with  I'ellinore,  the  king  said  to 
Merlin  he  had  no  sword,  and  Merlin  took 
him  to  a  lake,  and  Arthur  saw  an  arm 
"clothed  in  white  samite,  that  held  a  fair 
sword  in  the  hand."  Presently  the  Lady 
of  the  Lake  appeared,  and  Arthur  begged 
that  he  might  have  the  sword,  ami  the 
lady  told  him  to  go  and  fetch  it.  When 
he  came  to  it  he  took  it,  "  and  the  arm 
and  hand  went  under  the  water  again." 
This  is  the  sword  generally  called  Excali- 
bur. When  about  to  die,  king  Arthur 
sent  an  attendant  to  cast  the  sword  back 
again  into  the  lake,  and  again  the  hand 
"clothed  in  white  samite"  appeared, 
caught  it,  and  disappeared  (ch.  23). — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 
i.  3,  23  (1470). 

Klni;  Arthur's  sword,  Excalihur, 
Wrought  hy  the  lonely  maiden  of  the  lake; 
Nil)''  years  she  wrought  it,  MlthiK  ill  the  deeps. 
Upon  the  hiildei:  bases  of  the  hills. 

Tennyson,  ilorte  tC  Arthur. 

Excalibur's  SJieath.  "  Sir,"  said  Mer- 
lin, •*  look  that  ye  keep  well  the  scabbard 
of  Excalibur,  for  ye  shall  lose  no  blood 
as  long  as  ye  have  the  scabbard  upon 
you,  though  ye  have  never  so  many 
wounds." — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  36  (1470). 

Executioner  {No).  When  Francis 
viscount  d'Aspremont,  governor  of  15a- 
vonne,  was  commanded  by  Charles  IX.  of 
Vrance  to  massacre  the  huguenots,  he 
replied,  "  Sire,  there  are  many  under  my 
government  devoted  to  your  majesty,  but 
not  a  single  executioner." 

Exhausted  Worlds  ...  Dr. 
Johnson,  in  the  prologue  spoken  by 
Garrick  at  the  opening  of  Drury  Lane,  in 
1717,  says  of  Shakespeare  : 

Koch  changa  of  many-coloured  life  he  drew, 
Exhausted  worlds,  and  then  Imagined  new. 

Exterminator  ( The),  Montbars, 
chief  of  a  set  of  filibusters  in  the  seven- 
teenth century.  He  was  a  native  of 
Languedoc,  and  conceived  an  intense 
hatred  against  the  Spaniards  on  reading 
of  their  cruelties  in  the  New  World! 
Embarking  at  Havre,   in  1667,  Montbars 


attacked  the  Spaniards  in  the  Antilles 
and  in  Honduras,  took  from  them  Vera 
Cruz  and  Carthagena,  and  slew  them 
most  mercilessly  wherever  he  encoun- 
tered them  (1645-1707). 

Extra  (That's).  That's  Extra,  as 
the  woman  said  when  site  saw  Kerton 
(a  Devonshire  sayiny),  that  is,  "  1  thought 
my  work  was  done,  but  there  are  more 
last  words."  "The  office  closes  at  four 
(but  that's  only  Kerton),  there  is  much 
work  still  to  dJo  before  the  day's  work  is 
done  (or  before  we  reach  Extra)." 
"Extra"  is  a  popular  pronunciation  of 
Exeter,  and  "  Kerton"  is  Crediton.  The 
woman  was  walking  to  Exeter  for  the 
first  time,  and  when  she  reached  the 
grand  old  church  of  Kerton  or  Crediton, 
supposed  it  to  be  Exeter  Cathedral. 
"  That's  Exeter  Cathedral,"  she  said, 
"and  the  end  of  my  journey."  hut  it 
was  only  Kerton  Church,  and  she  had 
still  eight  more  miles  to  walk  before  she 
got  to  Exeter. 

Eye.  Terrible  as  the  eye  of  Vathek. 
One  of  the  eyes  of  this  caliph  was  bo 
terrible  in  anger  that  those  died  who 
ventured  to  look  thereon,  and  had  he 
given  way  to  his  wrath,  he  would  have 
depopulated  his  whole  dominion. — W. 
heckford,  Vathek  (1784). 

Eye-bright  or  Euphra'sia  ("  joy- 
awing").  So  called  from  its  reputed  power 
in  restoring  impaired  vision. 

[  The  hermit)  fumitory  Rets  and  et  e-brlght  for  the  ey*. 
braytou,  1'olyolbion,  xiil.  (1613). 

Eye  of  the  Baltic  (The),  Gottland 
or  Gothland,  an  island  in  the  haltic. 

Eye  of  Greece  (Tltc),  Athens. 

Athens,  the  eye  of  Greece,  mother  of  arti 
And  elouueuce,  native  to  famous  wilt. 

Milton. 

%*  Sometimes  Sparta  is  called  "  Tha 
Eye  of  Greece  "  also. 

Eyes  (Grey).  With  the  Arabs,  grey 
eyes  are  synonvmous  with  sin  and  enmity. 
Hence  in  the  Koran,  xx.,  we  read :  "  On 
that  day  the  trumpet  shall  be  sounded, 
and  we  will  gather  the  wicked  together, 
even  those  having  grey  eyes."  Al  Leidawi 
explains  this  as  referring  to  the  Greeks, 
whom  the  Arabs  detest,  and  he  calls 
"red  whiskers  and  grey  eyes"  an  idio- 
matic phrase  for  "a  foe." 

Eyed  (One-)  people.  The  Arima»- 
pians  of  Scythia  were  a  one-eyed  people. 

The  Cyclops  were  giants  with  only  one 
rye,  and  that  in  the  middle  of  the  fore- 
head. 


ETRE. 


317 


FADLADEEN'. 


Tartaro,  in  Basque  legends,  was  a  one- 
eyed  giant.  Sindbad  the  nailer,  in  his 
third  voyage,  was  cast  on  an  island  in- 
habited by  one-eyed  giants. 

Eyre  (Jane),  a  governess,  who  stoutly 
copes  with  adverse  circumstances,  and 
ultimately  marries  a  used-up  man  of 
fortune,  in  whom  the  germs  of  good 
feeling  and  sound  sense  were  only  ex- 
hausted and  not  destroyed. — Charlotte 
Bronte",  Jane  Eyre  t,1817). 

Ez'zelin  (Sir),  the  gentleman  who 
recognizes  I^ira  at  the  table  of  lord  Otho, 
and  charges  him  with  being  Conrad  the 
corsair.  A  duel  ensues,  and  Ezzelin  is 
never  heard  of  more.  A  serf  used  to  say 
that  he  saw  a  huntsman  one  evening 
cast  a  dead  body  into  the  river  which 
divided  the  lands  of  Otho  and  Lara,  and 
that  there  was  a  star  of  knighthood  on 
the  broaet  of  the  corpse. — Byron,  Lara 
(1814J. 


F 


Faa  (Qabriel),  nephew  of  Meg 
Merrilics.  One  of  the  huntsmen  at 
Liddesdale. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Guy  Maniur- 
mj  (time,  George  II.). 

Fab'ila,  a  king  devoted  to  the  chase. 
One  day  he  encountered  a  wild  boar,  and 
commanded  those  who  rode  with  him  not 
to  interfere,  but  the  boar  overthrew  him 
and  gored  him  to  death. — Chronica  An- 
Cfjw.i  tie  EapaMa,  121. 

Fa'biua  (T/ie  American),  George 
Washington  (1782-1799). 

Fa'l/itis  (The  Freneh),  Anne  due  de 
Montmorency,  grand-constable  of  Prance 

(U9&-1667). 

Fabricius  [Fa.btith'.e.ua],  an  old 
Soman,  like  (  incinnatus  and  Curiua 
DtntiUoa,  a  ty|>e  of  the  ri^id  purity, 
frugidity,  and  honesty  of  the  "  food  old 
times."  Pyrrhos  used  every  effort  to 
corrupt  him  by  bribes,  or  to  terrify 
In  in ,  but  iii  vain.  "  Excellent  Fabricius, 
cried  the  Greek,    "one  might   ho|*    to 

turn   the  sun   from    its  course   H  .soon  as 
turn  1'ahricius  from  the  path  of  duty." 

.  sn  author,  w  bose  composition 
was  so  obscure  that  Gil  Bias  oould  Dot 
comprehend  the  meaning  of  a  single  line 

of  Luj  writings.      His  poetry  was    . 


fustian,  and  his  prose  a  maze  of  far- 
fetched     expressions      and       perplexed 

"If  n<<t  Intel  list  tie."  mil  Kabrlrlua.  "to  nwh  the 
t.-",r.     I  win's    tlo  <■"  wnnrU, 

odes,    arid    th«    suhhinr.     The    merit   of   sho«- 
olacuritr.  artd  It  l»  quit*  niiticienl  if  she  ulb  r 
think,   he  nndafltandl  them.    .  .  .  Tlirre  are  Are  or  sU 
of    us    wlm    have    iinilcrLaken    to    1  ri *. r-  ■luce    ft    (I  . 

change,  and  wo    wl.l  do  as.  In  aplti  ■  ■(    I-n^  de   Vrtra, 
Cervantes,  and  all  the  fine  geuluaea  who  card  at  us. 
Laauce.  Oil  Ola*,  r.  U  [17Mk 

Fabrit'io,  a  merry  soldier,  the  friend 
of  captain  Jac'omo  the  woman-hater.— 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Qiptokt 
(1613). 

Face  (1  si/'.),  alias  "Jeremy,"  house- 
servant  of  Lovewit.  During  the  absence 
of  his  master,  Face  leagues  with  Subtle 
(the  alchemist)  and  Do]  Common  U>  turn 
a  penny  by  alchemy,  fortune-telling,  and 
magic.  Subtle  (a  beggai  who  knew 
something  about  alchemy)  was  disc 
by  Face  near  I've  Corner.  Assuming  the 
philosopher's    garb    and    wand,  he   I 

himself  "  doctor : "  Pace,  arrogating  the 
title    of    "captain,*1   touted  fur    d 
while   Do!  Common  kept  the  lion  • 
aided    the    other    two     in    their     gi 
scheme  of  deception.     <  in  theunex] 

return  of  Lovewit,  the  whole  thin:.'  blew 
up,  but  Pace  was  forgiven,  and  continued 
in  his  place  as  house-servant. —  l'.in 
Jonson,  The  Alchemist  (1610). 

Face  Index  of  the  Mind- 
Fair  nn  the  (are  \Ond\  wrote  the  l:iu>i  of  the  mind. 
Ht&MM  riiUher.  rh*  /"uri>/«  lUand.  1.  iltJ3\. 

Facto'tum  (JbAoWMS),  one  en:;  I 

to  do  all  sorts  of  work  for  snothei 

in  whom  another  confides  for  all  the  odds 

and  ends  of  his  household  management  or 
business. 

He  tsanahsnlute  Johannes  Paetntnm.  at  levt  !•.  Wt 

conceit. — Oreene.  {.TtHii't-wonh  uf  It  a  llJtr-T. 

Faddle  (William),  a  "fellow  made 

up  of  knavery  and  noise,  with  scandal  foi 
wit  and  impudence  for  raillery.       i 

so  needy  that  the  very  devil  migl  I 
bought  him  for  a  guinea."  Sir  I 
Raymond  says  to  him  : 

•'Thr  life  Is  a  dLN.raoe(o  humanity.  A  foolish  [wnlhrxllt* 
makes  tb< 

■ 
and  buffouiwT]  .    and  U  ■  :   anj.  to 

thee.  IniMth  nl  tine  ;   and   a.l  the   varieties  of  Ifa)  I 

bui  plUful  rewards  and  |*iu(..i  >Uim"- lid.  Hours.  ;  a. 

Fii'tlha      (Al),       Mahomet's  I 

enirs 

l-'.i1.:  i.l.MMl,     the     great     n.vir'     of 
chamberlain    of     Aui 
He  criticizes  the  take  told  b   Lalls 
by  a  yonng  poet  on  her  « .i_\  bo  Delhi,  and 


FADLADINIDA. 


318 


FAIR  PENITENT. 


great  was  his  mortification  to  find  that  the 
poet  waa  the  young  king  his  master. 

Fadladeen  waa  a  Judge  of  erenrthlnn.  from  the  pencilling 
of  a  Cirouaian'a  eyeluL  to  thn  deepeet  question]  of  acieuce 
ami  litentture;  from  the  mixture  uf  a  conserve  of  roes 
Uavea  to  the  composition  of  an  epic  poem.-  T.  Moore, 
lAtila  Rook*  (1817% 

Fadladin'ida,  wife  of  king  Chronon- 
hotonthologos.  While  the  king  is  alive 
she  falls  in  love  with  the  captive  kin;,'  of 
the  Antip'odes,  and  at  the  death  of  the 
king,  when  two  suitors  arise,  she  says, 
"  Well,  gentlemen,  to  make  matters  easy, 
I'll  take  you  both." — II.  Carey,  Chronon- 
liotontlwluijos  (a  burlesque). 

Faery  Queen,  a  metrical  romance,  in 
six  books,  of  twelve  cantos  each,  by 
Edmund  Bpeoter  (1/1 

Hook  I.  Tiik  Ki.i>  Ca — i  Knicht, 
the  s/'irit  of  Christianity,  <>r  the  victoiy  of 
holiness  over  sin  (1660), 

II.  Tiik  Lk>;kni>  ok  Si k  Guvo.v,  the 
gold**  mean  ( l.rii»0). 

III.  Tiik  Lk<.kni>  ok  Hkitomartis, 
cfuxste  love.  l'.ritomartis  is  Diana  or 
queen  Elizabeth  ( 1 

IV.  CaMUKL    AM>     TlilAMOM),  fidelity 

(1596). 

V.  Tiik  Lkuknd  ok  Sir  Ak'teoal, 
justice  (HM). 

VI.  Tiik.  Lkok.nd  ok  Sir  Calidore, 

courtesy  (1. 

%*  Sometimes  hk.  vii.,  called 
Wiry,  is  added  ;  but  only  fragments  of  this 
book  exist. 

Fafnis,  the  dragon  with  which  Sigurd 
fights. — Agwd  the  Homy  (a  German 
romance  based  on  a  Norse  legend). 

Fag,  the  lying  servant  of  captain 
Absolute.  He  "  wears  his  master's  wit, 
as  he  does  his  lace,  at  second  hand." — 
Sheridan,  The  Rinai*  (1775). 

Faggot  (JWaOftft),  clerk  to  Matthew 
Foxley,  the  magistrate  who  examined 
l>arsic  Litimer  (i.e.  sir  Arthur  Dank 
Bedjynntlet)  after  he  had  been  af 
by  rioters.— Sir  W.  Scott,  JiedjauatUt 
(time,  George  III.). 

Faggots  and  Faggots  ( II  y  a 
ttfaooU),  all  things  of  tnesami 
equal  in  quality,     in  Holiere'i  /.<• 

OMI  Malgri  I.tti,  Sganarelle  wants  to  shmv 
that  hi  re  better  than  t; 

other  persons,  and  cries  out  "A. 
those  hggota  are  doI  eqnoJ  to  mini 

U  out  roil.  ni«i«leur»,  o,we  Je  aula  Ir  premier  homme  du 
nontir  (x>or  fur.'  dt»  fagota  .  .  .  Je  n'y  *|..vkii*  aucune 
•how.  el  ii-a  tali  .1  one  tecon  qu  II  i.  v  ■  rh  u  »  aire.  .  .  . 
Ore  ■flOti  et /auols.—  Act  i.  ti  1I0O6). 

Fagin,  an   old  Jew,  who  oui  ploys   a 


gang  of  thieves,  chiefly  boys.  These  boyi 
he  teaches  to  pick  pockets  and  pilfer 
adroitly.  Fagin  assumes  a  most  suave 
and  fawning  manner,  but  is  malicious, 
gripping,  anil  full  of  cruelty. — C.  Dickens, 
Oliver  Ticist  (1837). 

Fainall,  cousin  by  marriage  to  sir 
Wilful  Witwould.  He  married  a  young, 
wealthy,  and  handsome  widow,  b  (  the 
two  were  cat  and  dog  to  each  other.  The 
great  aim  of  Fainall  was  to  get  into  his 
possession  the  estates  of  his  wife  (settled 
on  herself  "in  trust  to  Edward  Mirabell  "), 
but  in  this  he  failed.  In  outward  sem 
blance,  Fainall  was  plausible  enough, 
but  he  was  a  goodly  apple  rotten  at  the 
false  to  his  friends,  faithless  to 
his  wife,  overreaching,  and  deceitful. 

Mrs.   Funail.     Her  tirst  husband  waa 

Languish,   son  of  lady    Wishfort.       Her 

•0000x1    husband    she   both  despised   and 

detested. — ^  .  •■,  TU    nay  of  the 

i  (1700). 

Thonuu  Dartre  (1710-17831  after  a  alienee  of  fifteen 
yean,  performed  tbr  |«rt  of  "  Fainall."  HU  eipraeawa 
waa  Gaurlc*  a,  with  all  lu  fire  quenched.— Bo  anan. 

Fainasolis,    daughter     of    Craca's 
tht  Shetland  /Mm).     When  Fingal 
was  quite  a  young  man,  she  tied  H  him 
for  protection  aga  !>ut  scarcely 

had  he  pconuaod  u<  take  up  her  cause, 
when  Sora  landed,  drew  the  bow,  and  she 
fell.  Fingal  said  to  Sora,  "Unerring  is 
thy  hand,  <)  Sora,  but  feeble  was  the 
He  then  attacked  the  invader,  and 
Sora  fell. — < 1  I .,  iii. 

Faint  Heart  never  Won  Fair 
Lady,  a  line  in  a  ballad  written  to  the 
"  Berkshire  Lady,"  a  .Mi**,  Frances  Ken- 
drick,  danghl  '■'.  iHituii  Kondziok, 

second  baronet.    Sir  William's  father  was 
Naroiiet  by  Charles  II.    The  wooer 
was   a  Mr.  Child,    son    of   a   brewer    at 
Abingdon,  to  whom  the  lady  sent  a  chsJ 
lenge. 

Having  read  thli  strange  relation. 
He  waa  In  a  cunatern  \ 
llut,  fclvUng  with  a  friend. 
He  i»riujulr»  him  to  attend  : 

DBS*  and  make  ready. 
Faint  heart  nerer  won  (air  lady.' 

HmxrUrit  AniM,  crt.  WS-S4S. 

Faint    Heart    never     Won    Fair  Ixuiy, 

name  of  a  j*-tit  oomd&id  brought  out  by 

Mde.     Vestris    at    the    Olympic.     Mde. 

'.{  performed   the  part  of  *.h« 

"  fair  lady." 

Fair  Fenitent  (The),  a  tragedy  by 
Rowe  (1708).  Calista  was  daughter  of 
lord  S.nd'to  (3  syl.),  and  bride  of  lord 
Al'umont.     It    was    discovered    on    the 


FA1RBR0THER. 


319 


FAKENHAM  GHOST. 


wedding  day  that  she  had  been  seduced 
by  Lotha'rio.  This  led  to  a  duel  between 
the  bridegroom  and  the  libertine,  in  which 
Lothario  was  killed  ;  a  street  riot  ensued, 
in  which  Sciolto  received  his  death- 
wound  ;  and  Calista,  "the  fair  penitent," 
stabbed  herself.  This  drama  is  a  mere 
rechauffe  of  Massinger's  Fatal  Dowry, 

%*  For  Fair  Maids  and  Fail ,  see 

the  proper  name  or  titular  name. 

Fairbrother  (Mr.),  counsel  of  Effie 
Deans  at  the  trial. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Fairfax  (Thomas  lord),  father  of 
the  duchess  of  Buckingham. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Feveril  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Fairfield,  the  miller,  and  father  of 
Patty  "the  maid  of  the  mill."  An 
honest,  straightforward  man,  grateful 
and  modest. — Bickerstaff,  The  Maid  of 
the  Mill  (1647). 

Fairford  (Mr.  Alexander  or  Saun- 
ders), a  lawyer. 

Allan  Fairford,  a  young  barrister,  son 
of  Saunders,  and  a  friend  of  Darsie 
Latimer.  He  marries  Lilias  Redgauntlet, 
sister  of  sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redgauntlet, 
called  "Darsie  Latimer." 

Fetcr  Fairford,  Allan's  cousin. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Fairlei^h  (Frank),  the  pseudonym 
of  F.  E.  Smedley,  editor  of  Sharpe's 
London  Magazine  (1848,  1849).  It  was 
in  this  magazine  that  Smedley's  two 
novels,  Frank  Fairleigh  and  Lewis  Arun- 
del, were  first  published. 

Fairlimb,  sister  of  Bitelas,  and 
daughter  of  Rukenaw  the  ape,  in  the 
beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Fair'scrieve  (2  syl.),  clerk  of  Mr. 
James  Middlcburgh,  a  magistrate  of 
Edinburgh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Fairservice  (Mr.),  a  magistrate's 
clerk.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Fairservice  (Andrew),  the  humorous 
Scotch  gardener  of  sir  Hildebrand  Os- 
baldistone,  of  Osbaldistone  Hall. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Rob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Orerflowtug  with  n  humour  as  peculiar  In  Its  way  as  the 
humours  of  Andrew  Fairservice.— London  Atheiuium. 

Fairstar  (Princess),  daughter  of 
queen  Blon'dina  (who  had  at  one  birth 
two  boys  and  a  girl,  all  "with  stun 
on  their  foreheads,  and  a  chain  of  g  >1d 
about  their  necks").     On  the  same  day, 


Blondina's  sister  Brunetta  (wife  of  the 
king's  brother)  had  a  son,  afterwards 
called  Cher}'.  The  queen-mother,  wishing 
to  destroy  these  four  children,  ordered 
Fein'tisa  to  strangle  them,  but  Feintisa 
sent  them  adrift  in  a  boat,  and  told  the 
queen-mother  they  were  gone.  It  sc 
happened  that  the  boat  was  seen  by  a 
corsair,  who  brought  the  children  to  hi3 
wife  Cor'sina  to  bring  up.  The  corsair 
soon  grew  immensely  rich,  because  every 
time  the  hair  of  these  children  was 
combed,  jewels  fell  from  their  heads. 
When  grown  up,  these  castaways  went 
to  the  land  of  their  royal  father  and  his 
brother,  but  Chery  was  for  a  while  em- 
ployed in  getting  for  Fairstar  (1)  The 
dancing  water,  which  had  the  gift  of 
imparting  beauty  ;  (2)  The  singing  apple, 
which  had  the  gift  of  imparting  wit; 
and  (3)  The  green  bird,  which  could 
reveal  all  secrets.  By  this  bird  the  story 
of  their  birth  was  made  known,  and 
Fairstar  married  her  cousin  Chery. — Com- 
tesse  D'Aunov,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Princess 
Fairstar,"  1682). 

***  This  tale  is  borrowed  from  the 
fairy  tales  of  Straparola,  the  Milanese 
(15o0). 

Faithful,  a  companion  of  Christian 
in  his  walk  to  the  Celestial  City.  Both 
were  seized  at  Vanity  Fair,  and  Faithful, 
being  burnt  to  death,  was  taken  to  heaven, 
in  a  chariot  of  fire. — Bunyau,  Pilgrim's 
Frogress,  i.  (1678). 

Faithful  (Jacob),  the  title  and  hero  of  a 
sea  tale,  by  Captain  Marryat  (1835). 

FaithfiU  (Father  of  t/ie),  Abraham 
— Bom.  iv.  ;  Gat.  iii.  6-9. 

Faithful  Shepherdess  (7V1,  » 
pastoral  drama  by  John  Fletcher  (1610). 

The  "faithful  shepherdess"  is  (Win, 
whose  lover  was  dead.  Faithful  to  his 
memory,  Corin  retired  from  the  busy 
world,  employing  her  time  in  works  of 
humanity,  such  as  healing  the  sick,  exor- 
cizing the  bewitched,  and  comforting  the 
afilictcd. 

(A  part  of  Milton's  Comus  is  almost  a 
verbal  transcript  of  this  pastoral.) 

Fakar  (Dhu'l),  Mahomet's  scimitar. 

Fakenham  Ghost  (The),  An  old 
woman,  walking  to  Fakenham.  had  to 
cross  the  churchyard  after  nif,'ht-fali. 
She  heard  a  short,  quick  step  behind,  and 
looking  round  saw  what  she  fancied  to 
be  a  four-footed  monster.  On  she  ran, 
faster  and  faster,  and  on  came  the  patter- 


FAKREDDIN'S  VALLEY. 


320 


FALSTAFF. 


ing  footfalls  behind.  She  gained  thtj 
Churchyard  g.itc  and  pushed  it  open,  but, 
ah  !  "the  monster"  also  passed  through. 
Every  moment  she  expected  it  would 
leap  upon  her  back.  She  reached  her 
cottage  door  and  fainted.  Out  came  her 
husband  with  a  lantern,  saw  the  "  sprite," 
which  was  no  other  than  the  foal  of  a 
donkey  that  had  strayed  into  the  park 
and  followed  the  ancient  dame  to  her 
cottage  door. 

And  many  a  laugb  went  through  the  vale, 

And  some  conviction,  too ; 
Each  thought  some  other  goblin  tale 

Perhaps  was  just  as  true. 

R.  Bloomfleld,  The  Fakrnham  Uhott  (a  fact). 

Fakreddin's  Valley.  Over  the 
Beveral  portals  of  bronze  were  these  in- 
scriptions :  (1)  Thk  Asylum  ok  Pil- 
okims  ;  (2)  The  Traveller's  Refuge  ; 
(3)  The  Depository  ok  the  Secrets 
ok  all  the  would. 

Falcon.  Wm.  Morris  tells  us  that 
whoso  watched  a  certain  falcon  for  seven 
days  and  seven  nights  without  sleeping, 
should  have  his  first  wish  granted  by  a 
fay.  A  certain  king  accomplished  the 
watching,  and  wished  to  have  the  fay's 
love.  Flis  wish  was  granted,  but  it 
proved  his  ruin. — The  Earthly  Paradise 
("July"). 

Falconer  {Mr.),  laird  of  Balma- 
whapple,  a  friend  of  the  old  baron  of 
Bradwardine. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Falconer  {Major),  brother  of  lady 
Bothwell. — SirW.  Scott,  Aunt  Margaret's 
Mirror  (time,  William  III.). 

Falconer  {Edmund),  the  nom  de plume  of 
Edmund  O'Uourke,  author  of  Extremes 
or  Men  of  tlic  Day  (a  comedy,  1859). 

Faler'num  or  Fai.ernus  Ager,  a 
district  in  the  north  of  Campunia,  extend- 
ing from  the  Massic  Hills  to  the  river 
Vultur'nus  (in  Italy).  This  district  was 
noted  for  its  wines,  called  "Massic"  or 
"  Falernian,"  the  best  of  which  was 
"  Faustianum." 

Then  with  water  All  the  pitcher 
Wreathed  about  with  classic  Cables ; 

Ne'er  Falernbin  tfirew  a  richer 
Light  upon  Lucullus'  tables. 

Longfellow,  Drinking  Song. 

Falie'ro  {Marino),  the  doge  of 
Venice,  an  old  man  who  married  a  young 
wife  named  An^ioli'na  (3  syl.).  At  a 
banquet,  Michel  Steno,  a  young  patrician, 
grossly  insulted  some  of  the  ladies,  and 
was,  by  the  order  .if  the  doge,  turned  out 
of  the  house.  In  revenge,  Steno  pla- 
carded the  doge's  chair  with  some  scurri- 


lous verses  upon  the  young  dogaressa, 
and  Faliero  referred  the  matter  to  "the 
Fort}'."  The  council  sentenced  Steno  to 
two  months'  imprisonment,  and  the  doge 
deemed  this  punishment  so  inadequate  to 
the  offence,  that  he  looked  upon  it  as  a 
personal  insult,  and  headed  a  conspiracy 
to  cut  off,  root  and  branch,  the  whole 
Venetian  nobility.  The  project  being 
discovered,  Faliero  was  put  to  death 
(1355),  at  the  age  of  76,  and  his  picture 
removed  from  the  gallery  of  his  brothf.r 
doges. — Byron,  Marino  Faliero. 

Falkland,  an  aristocratic  gentleman, 
of  a  noble,  loving  nature,  but  the  victim 
of  false  honour  and  morbid  refinement  of 
feeling.  Under  great  provocation,  he 
was  goaded  on  to  commit  murder,  but 
being  tried  was  honourably  acquitted,  and 
another  person  was  executed  for  the 
crime.  Caleb  Williams,  a  lad  in  Falk- 
land's service,  accidentally  became  ac- 
quainted with  these  secret  facts,  but, 
unable  to  live  in  the  house  under  the 
suspicious  eyes  of  Falkland,  he  ran  away. 
Falkland  tracked  him  from  place  to  place, 
like  a  blood-bound,  and  at  length  arrested 
him  for  robbery.  The  true  statement 
now  came  out,  and  Falkland  died  of 
shame  and  a  broken  spirit. — W.  Godwin, 
Caleb    Williatns    (1794).      (See    Faulk- 

LAND.) 

%*  This  talc  has  been  dramatized  by 
G.  Colman,  under  the  title  of  T7ie  Iron 
Chest,  in  which  Falkland  is  called  "sir 
Edward  Mortimer,"  and  Caleb  Williams 
is  called  "Wilford." 

False  One  {The),  a  tragedy  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1619).  The 
subject  is  the  amours  of  Julius  Caesar  and 
Cleopat'ra. 

Falsetto  {Signor),  a  man  who  fawns 
on  Fazio  in  prosperity,  and  turns  his  back 
on  him  when  fallen  into  disgrace. — Dean 
Milman,  Fazio  (1815). 

Falstaff  {Sir  John),  in  The  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,  and  in  the  two  parts 
of  Henry  IV.,  by  Shakespeare.  In 
Henry  V.,  his  death  is  described  by  Mrs. 
Quickly,  hostess  of  an  inn  in  Eastcheap. 
In  the  comedy,  sir  John  is  represented  as 
making  love  to  Mrs.  Page,  who  "  fools 
him  to  the  top  of  her  bent."  In  the 
historic  plays,  he  is  represented  as  a 
soldier  and  a  wit,  the  boon  companion  of 
"Mad-cap  Hal"  (the  prince  of  Wales). 
In  both  cases,  he  is  a  mountain  of  fat, 
sensual,  mendacious,  boastful,  and  fond  of 
practical  jokes. 


FAM«»l  8. 


B21 


1  AU1NA1A. 


In  the  king's  army,  "   it  John"  was 
captain,    "  Wo  "    lieutenant,    "  I 
ancient  [ensign},  and  "  Bardolph  '  cor- 
poiaL 

0  K  I^lle  lay*.:  '' Qulni  '  FaMilT  mii.t  hare  been 
alorioui.  tUnoa  GarrtCk'.  tuna  there  bar*,  beta i»m  »»» 
one     •  Kich.u-d.1    '  Haml  .'■''■     ■»£ 

'Uar:'   hut   »i'>cc  Q«ta  WW*  """'  °"e    I***"** 
John  liriidcnoii  11747-17SoV 

(Kobert  William  Klliston  (1774-1881) 
was  the  beseofall  "  Palstaffe.*  Bis  was 
■  wonderful  combination  at  wit,  humour, 
sensuality,  and  philosophy,  but  he  was 
always  me  gentleman.) 

KaUtnff.    unlmltated.    Inimitable    Fal.taff.    how    thall 

I  devrilw  UiecT    Thou  com|K»ind  of  mum  Ud  vim  ■   o* 

„„-•  which  may  be  admired,  but  not  *"»*;  V .  ,i™ 

,v  be  0«|,bMl.  but  hardly  defeated.        >■*•«** 

■  [ctar  loaded  with  bulla,  and  -lth  thoae  faultt 

, aurally  produce  contempt.     He  I.  n  thief  anail 

glutton,  a  toward  and  a  boaster.  alwan n-ady  to  >'» 

«  and  i-n-y  upon  Iha  poor,  to  ttfrifi  the  U^noroui 
and  tnault  the  defenoeUm    Atonoeobn 

I    the  man  thu  corrupt.  ihu«  despicable,  make; 
necoanry  to  the   prince  by  perpetual  I 
by  uiifailiiuj  power  of  cicilti.a  lau»huir.-l>r.  Jubi.ioii. 

Famous.    "  I  woke  one  momis 
found  myeeU  famous."    Bo  said  Byron, 

after  the  publication  of  cantos  1.  and  n. 
of  hid  ChMa  fiaroM  (1812). 

Fanciful  (Lady),  a  vain,  concerted 
beauty,  who  calls  herself  "nice,  strangely 
not,'  and  says  the  was  formed  "  to  make 

the    whole   creation   uneasy."      She    loves 
Hi  art  free,    a    railer   against   woman,    and 

when  he  proposes  marriage  to  Belinda,  a 

rival    beauty,    spreads    a    most    impudent 

scandal,  which,  however,  reflects  only  on 
herself.     Heartfree,  who  at  one  time  was 
partly  in  love  with  her,  says  to  her : 
■Saiurfl  made  you  haodmna,  ■»»•  >°"  ,--:,",y  lo,» 

minute,  a   dun*    without   »    '""'<•    ■» 

theui  rellifa  .  .  .  but  art  baa  made  you  l« ne  the  PUJ  ot 

.,„!  ihejeet  of  your  ......     I 

....  but  you  bare  found  thewaj 

I 

Snier-endi    are  dirrct.nl   nerer    t -  without  •"■!>• 

,;,„„  „|r.  and  >..".  l.,.uu:*rl.  ».ult.l...(ni.,.|-t     .. 
inm  ,  ihow     tactlL  l).-\aii- 

brunh.  7  '.«  frupoktU  II  (/«    ■ 

Fan-Fan,  aliat  Pholin  O'Tupc,  "a 

folly-pop    maker,    and     manufacturer    ot 

niai'ds    of    honour     to     the    court."       I   us 

merry,  ahy,  and  blundering  elf ,  concealed 

in  a  bear-akin,  makes  love  to  Christine, 

dthful   attendant  »n   the    countess 

I'li.lin    O'Tug    Bays   Ins    mother 

was  too  bashful  ever  to  let  him  know  her, 

and  his  father  always  kept  in  the  back- 
ground.    K.   Stirling,    Tht    Pmontr   oj 
tit  (1847). 

g,  a  bullying,  insolent 

Who    would    haw-    sent    Oliver     I 

,   on    suspicion    of    theft,    n     Mr. 
)       mlow  had    not  interposed    on    the 


boy's   behalf.— C.  Dickens,   OKsar    I\cut 

.  n*l  of  thU  III  tempered,  bullying  marietta* 

wai  Mr.   Lalnf.  of    Hatton   Garden,  ran  red    from   the 

Hie   home  aecrctary.— John    Ko.Ur.    U}»  9f 

I.  4. 

Fang    and    Snare,    two    sheriff's 
.re,     2     flawy     1  r* 
(1698). 

Fanny  [1  "• r" 

vey  was  usually  called  by  the  wits  of  the 

time,  in  consequence  ox  his  effeminate 
habits.     His  appearance  was  that  of  a 

"half  wit,  half  fool,  half  man,  half  beau.' 

He  used  rouge,  drank  asa'i  milk,  and  took 
b  pills  (1694-  174 

Coneult  lord  Fanny,  and  c.mli.lc  In  Curll  (yruNUWl 
Stlfaaa  Hard*  M  I  Seatofe  AVriewen 

Fanmi    (Mitt),   younger   daughj 

erling,  a  nch  City  merchant,    tm 

was  clandestinely  married  to   I.on 

"Gentle-looking,   soft-speak 

smiling,  and  affable,"  wanting  "nothing 

but  a  crook  in  her  hand  and  a  land 
her  arm   to   he  a   perfect   picture  of 

.■d  simplicity."     Everj 
her,  and  as  her  man 

John  Herri!  and  lord  Ogleby  both  pro- 
posedto  her.     Hi  r  marriage  with  l."ve- 

well   being    ultimately   made   kn..v. 

dilemm  i  noYed.  —  Colmai 

Garrick,  Z7m  Gandtttmt  Man 

Fan'teries    (3   sy/.),    foot-s.ldicrs, 
infantry. 

thar  hnn.ln  of  F.iutUh  fanirrir, 
G.  Gaecoigne,  Th*  rruita  q/  II  jrrr.  IM  ,,lieJ  liiTV 

Faquir',  n  religions  anch 
life  is  spent  in  the  Bevereat auateril 
mortification. 

l|r  diirrtrd  hinwlf.  howrrrr  .  .  .  reprcbdly  with  the 
nraliiuin 

railed  lr  ■:'tU  *»' 

Willi  Uu 

Faroeur  '•  t!l* 

Italian  r-    Called 

Italian,  trOB 

Far  l  T1,;,,U 

Florentine,  leader   of   the   Ghlbelline   fac- 
tion   and  driven  from  b 

Uter  by  tin  M  linfroi  of   v- 

fee,   and    took    all    the 

Dante) 

0  ;  »«d   with  him   in  the   city   of   Dia, 

and   represents    him    as   lying   in    ■  f 

tomb  ■  ■ 'I  n,,t  t°  '  ' 

the  last  jud  -mint  dtv.       I 

*   t"   tbe  KTounda 


FARM-HOUSE. 


322 


FASTRADA. 


Farinata  opposed  the  measure,  and  saved 
the  city.     Dante-  refers  to  this : 

Lo !  Farinata  .  .  .  his  brow 
Bomewhat  uplifted,  cried  .  .  . 
*•  In   tli.it  affray  [i.e.  at   ilontaperto.  near  the  river 

Arbia] 
I  stood  not  singly  .  .  . 
But  singly  there  I  stood,  when  by  consent 
Of  all,  Florence  had  to  the  ground  tx-en  razed,— 
(The  one  who  openly  forbade  the  deed." 

Dant£,  Inferno,  x.  (1300). 

Like  Farinata  from  Ins  fiery  tomb. 

Longfellow,  Dante. 

Farm -house  {The).  Modely  and 
Heartwell,  two  gentlemen  of  fashion, 
come  into  the  country  and  receive  hospi- 
tality from  old  Farmer  Freehold.  Here 
they  make  love  to  his  daughter  Aura  and 
his  niece  Flora.  The  girls,  being  high- 
principled,  convert  the  flirtation  of  the 
two  guests  into  love,  and  Heartwell 
marries  the  niece,  while  Modely  proposes 
to  Aura,  who  accepts  him,  provided  he 
will  wait  two  months  and  remain  con- 
stant to  her. — John  Philip  Kemble. 

Farmer  George,  George  III. ;  so 
called  because  he  was  like  a  fanner  in 
dress,  manners,  and  tastes  (1738-1820). 

Fanner's  "Wife  (The),  a  musical 
drama  by  C.  Pibdin  (1780).  Cornflower, 
a  benevolent,  high-minded  farmer,  having 
saved  Emma  Belton  from  the  flames  of  a 
house  on  fire,  married  her,  and  thev  lived 
together  in  love  and  peaco  till  sir  Charles 
Courtly  took  a  fancy  to  Mrs.  Cornflower, 
and  abducted  her.  She  was  soon  tracked, 
and  as  it  was  evident  that  she  was  no 
particeps  criminis,  she  was  restored  to  her 
husband,  and  sir  Charles  gave  his  sister 
to  Mrs.  Cornflower's  brother  in  marriage 
as  a  peace  offering. 

Farnese  BuH  [Far.nay'.ze~\,  a  colos- 
sal group  of  sculpture,  attributed  to 
Apollonius  and  Tauriscus  of  Tralles,  in 
Asia  Minor.  The  group  represents  Dirce 
bound  by  Zethus  and  Amphi'on  to  the 
horns  of  a  bull,  for  ill-using  her  mother. 
It  was  restored  by  Bianchi,  in  154G,  and 
placed  in  the  Farnese  palace,  in  Italy. 

Farnese  Her'cules  [Far.nay'.ze], 
a  name  given  to  Glykon's  copy  of  the 
famous  statue  by  Lysippos  (a  Greek  sculp- 
tor in  the  time  of  Alexander  "the  Great"). 
It  represents  Hercules  leaning  on  his 
club,  with  one  hand  on  his  back.  The 
Farnese  family  became  extinct  in  1731. 

Fashion  (Sir  Brilliant),  a  man  of  the 
world,  who  "dresses  fashionably,  lives 
fashionably,  wins  your  money  fashion- 
ably, loses  his  own  fashionably,  and 
does  everything  faGhionably."      His  fa- 


shionable asseverations  are,  "Let  ma 
perish,  if  .  .  . ! "  "  May  fortune  eter- 
nally frown  on  me,  if  ...  I "  "  May  I 
never  hold  four  by  honours,  if  .  .  .  ! " 
"  May  the  first  woman  I  meet  strike  me 
with  a  supercilious  eyebrow,  if  .  .  .  ! " 
and  so  on. — A.  Murphy,  The  Way  to 
Keep  Him  (1760). 

Fashion  (Tom)  or  "Young  Fashion, ,: 
younger  brother  of  lord  Foppington.  Ai 
his  elder  brother  did  not  behave  well  to 
him,  Tom  resolved  to  outwit  him,  and  to 
this  end  introduced  himself  to  sir  Tun- 
belly  Clumsy  and  his  daughter,  Miss 
Hoyden,  as  lord  Foppington,  between 
whom  and  the  knight  a  negotiation  of 
marriage  had  been  carried  on.  Being 
established  in  the  house,  Tom  married 
the  heiress,  and  when  the  veritable  lord 
appeared,  he  was  treated  as  an  impostor. 
Tom,  however,  explained  his  ruse,  and  as 
his  lordship  treated  the  knight  with  great 
contempt  and  quitted  the  house,  a  recon- 
ciliation was  easily  effected. — Sheridan, 
A  Trip  to  Scarborough  (1777). 

Fashionable  Lover  ( The).  Lord  Ab- 
berville,  a  young  man  of  23  years  of  age, 
promises  marriage  to  Lucinda  Bridgernore, 
the  vulgar,  spiteful,  purse-proud  daughter 
of  a  London  merchant,  living  in  Fish  Street 
Hill.  At  the  house  of  this  merchant  lord 
Abberville  sees  a  Miss  Aubrey,  a  hand- 
some, modest,  lady-like  girl,  with  whom 
he  is  greatly  smitten.  He  first  tries  to 
corrupt  her,  and  then  promises  marriage  ; 
but  Miss  Aubrey  is  already  engaged  to  a 
Mr.  Tyrrel.  The  vulgarity  and  ill-nature 
of  Lucinda  being  quite  insurmountable, 
"  the  fashionable  lover  "  abandons  her. 
The  chief  object  of  the  drama  is  to  root 
out  the  prejudice  which  Englishmen  at 
one  time  entertained  against  the  Scotch, 
and  the  chief  character  is  in  reality  Colin 
or  Cawdie  Macleod,  a  Scotch  servant  of 
lord  Abberville.— K.  Cumberland  (1780). 

Fastolfe  (Sir  John),  in  1  Henry  VI. 
This  is  not  the  "sir  John  Falstatf"  of 
huge  proportions  and  facetious  wit,  but 
tho  lieutenant-general  of  the  duke  of 
Bedford,  and  a  knight  of  the  Garter. 

Here  had  the  conquest  fully  been  sealed  up 

If  sir  John  Fastnlfe  had  not  played  the  coward  j 

He  being  in  the  vanward  .  .  . 

Cowardly  fled,  not  having  struck  one  stroke. 

Shakespeare,  1  Uenry  VI.  act  1.  sc.  1  (16891 

From  this  battel!  [of  Pataie,  in  Prance]  departed 
without  anie  stroke  striken,  sir  John  Fastolfe.  .  .  .  Tb« 
duke  of  Bedford  tooke  from  him  the  image  of  St  Georg* 
and  his  garter. — Holinshed,  li.  60L 

Fastra'da  or  Fastrade,  daughter  of 


FAT. 


323  FATES. 


count  Rodolph  and  Laitgarde.     She  was 
one  of  the  iiiiir  wives  of  Charlemagne. 

Thuaa  atur  ..  !i,lo 

Rang  In  ih"  can  of  (.'harleiiiagna, 

Aj  msUmI  bjr  Kiulnvt;,  - 

At  liiKtllieliii.  In  all  I 
He  beanl  Ihcir  Bund  »itl.  •xvrrl  pain. 

Longfellow.  IMd«  UfiU.  rt 

Fat  (7V).    AMbnxo  II.  of  Portage] 
(1188,  1212-1223).    Charles  II. 
of  Pru  !)•     Loni"  VI.  (. 

cf  France  (1078.  1108-1187). 

Bdward  Bright  of  I  l   \  I 

ft>  M   (618   lbs.)    at  death    (1720 
David    Lambert    of    Leicester   weighed 
B3  stone  (739  lbs.)  at  death  (1770- 

Fat  Boy  (The),  Joseph  or  .lor,,  a  lad 
f  f  estownding  obesity,  whose  employment 
consisted  of  alternate  eating  and  sli  ■ 
Joe  was  in  the  service  of   Mr.   Wardle. 

He    was   once   known    to   "burst   into    a 
laiiu'h,"   and    was    0HOB    known    to 
defer  eating  to  say  to  Mary,  "  How  nice 
you  do  look  !  " 

TliU  ni  tail  In  an  admiring  manner,  ami  wan  an  far 
»ratlf>lnK;  I"*  .till  Uwrr  ■■*  wimjli  id  tha  eaanJbal  In 
i  Df  aanUamani  <•>>•*  to  >■■  n.lrr    ■ 

doubtful.— C.  DtdBHSi  fici-fict  Pai-rrt.  li».  (1KMJ). 

Fata  Alci'na,  sister  of  Fata  Hofga'- 
na.     She  carried  otT  Astolfo  OB  the  back 

of   a  whale  to   her  isle,   but  turned   him 
into  ■  myrtle  trei-  when  she  tired  of  him. 

— Bojardo,  Orlando  Innamorato  (I486]  ; 
i,  Orlando  Furioto  (1616). 

Fata  Ar'gea  "  ••  rswai  delta  Fata"), 
eroteetreee  of  i-'ioriduntd. 

Fata  Falsire'na,  an  enchantress  in 
I  Marini  (161 

Fata  dolla  Fonti,  an  enehai 
from    whom    Handricardo   obtained    the 
f  Hector. —  Bojardo,  Orlando  Jn- 

<!o  (1496). 

i  Moreja'na,   lister  of    Arthur 

and    pupil    of    Merlin.      She    lived    at    the 

a   t ■  f    a    lake,   and   dispensed    her 
miry 

it  introduced  by  Bojardo  in  his  <>r:,iii,!.> 

ilUIIe,"  but 
LUtreBS.      In 

ivetta, 
and  Carrilia)  are  introd 

name 

".    ra  and   Pats    B 
protectresses  of  Qnido'nfi  and 


Fatal   Curiosity,    an    i 

The   sul.- 

fidelity.     An 

man,   had    i. 

, 

induced  bii  frii  nd  I.'. than..  • 

L    The  Is 
but  eloped  with  Lothai 

slain    in    battle,    and  Camilla  died   in    a 

convent  (161 

Fit  d     Curiosity,      by      (,..-.       Lilln. 

ToongWilmi 

.  goes  t<>  India,  end  I 

ni.s    fortune,     return-     to    Finland.       He 

instantly  visits  Chariots  .  ■■  ■  finds 

still    faithful   and    devotedly   atta. 
him,     and     tlnn     in    di 

.  with  whom  he  d.|  .., its  a  casket, 
.t    of   cur 

iket,  and  n 

•.  she  and  her  bo 

and  secure 
have 
they    committed   the  fatal 

Charlotte  enter-,  end  tells  them  it  : 

own  son  whom  (!■. 

upon  old  Wilmol  (irsfj  his  wife  and 

then  himself.     Thus,  was  the  "  curi 

Of   Agnes   fatal    to    herself,  her  husband, 

and  her  SOD  (17.. 

Fatal  Dowry  ( 7".. ■),  a  tragedy  by 

Philip  Mas  iiV't     l!'  •  '  •      H 
much   of   his  hur  i 
this  d] 

Fatal  Marriage   (The),   a  trs 
by  Thomas  South.  -  c»- 

btdla  a  nun  marries   Biron  • 
count    Baldwin. 

his    son    for 
entering  the  annj . 
Candy,  when 

' 

"  a  ido*  hoo  I,"   j  i 

. 
but  be  turns  her  out  •  I 

proposes    innrr.  -.    and 

fatal 

• 

his  brother  I 
him.       Carlos    ■CCOBeS     \ 
murder,  but 

'    r  l»a- 

w-r<- 
,   and    At'- 


FATHER— SON. 


324 


FATIMA. 


ropos.  They  dwelt  in  the  deep  abyss  of 
Demogorgon,  "with  unwearied  finders 
drawing  out  the  threads  of  life."  Clotho 
held  the  spindle  or  distaff ;  Lachesis 
drew  out  the  thread  ;  and  Atropos  cut  it 
off. 

Sad  Clotho  held  the  rock,  the  whiles  the  thread 

By  grisly  Lachesis  was  spun  with  pain. 
That  cruel  Atropos  eftsoon  undid, 

With  cursed  knife  cutting  the  twist  In  twain. 

Spenser,  t'avry  Queen,  iv.  2  (1396). 

Father — Son.  It  is  a  common  ob- 
servation that  a  father  above  the  common 
'rate  of  men  has  usually  a  son  below  it. 
(Witness  king  John  son  of  Henry  II. ; 
^Edward  II.  son  of  Edward  I. ;  Richard  II. 
eoa  of  the  Black  Prince  ;  Henry  VI.  son 
of  Henry  V.  ;  Lord  Chesterfield's  son, 
etc.  So  in  French  history  :  Louis  VIII. 
was  the  son  of  Philippe  Awjuste ;  Charles 
the  Idiot  was  the  son  of  Charles  le  Sage ; 
Henri  II.  of  Francois  I.  Again,  in  Ger- 
man history  :  Heinrich  VI.  was  the  son 
of  Barbarossa ;  Albrecht  I.  of  Rudolf ; 
and  so  on,  in  all  directions,  lleroumfilii 
nox<z  is  a  Latin  proverb. 

My  trurt. 
Like  a  good  parent,  did  beget  of  him 
A  falsehood,  in  its  contrary  as  great 
As  my  trust  was. 
Shakespeare,  The  Tempest,  act  L  »'.  5  (1609). 

Father  Suckled  by  His  own 
Daughter.  Euphrasia,  called  "  The 
Grecian  Daughter,"  thus  preserved  the 
life  of  her  father  Evander  in  prison. 
(See  Euphrasia.) 

Xantippe  thus  preserved  the  life  of  her 
father  Cimonos  in  prison. 

Father's  Head  Nursed  by  a 
Daughter  after  Death.  Margaret 
Roper  "clasped  in  her  last  trance  her  mur- 
dered father's  head."     (See  DAUGHTER.) 

Father  of  His  Country. 

Cicero,  who  broke  up  the  Catiline 
conspiracy  (n.C.  106^3). 

***  The  Romans  offered  the  same  title 
to  Marlus  after  his  annihilation  of  the 
Teutr.nes  and  Cinibri,  but  he  would  not 
accept  it. 

Julius  C^sar,  after  he  had  quelled 
the  Spanish  insurrection  (b.c.  100-44). 

Augustus,  Pater  atque  Frinceps  (b.c. 
€3-31  to  a.d.  14). 

Cosmo  db  Medici  (1389-14G4). 

Anuria  Dorea  ;  called  so  on  his 
statue  at  Genoa  (1468-1560). 

Androni'cus  Paljeol'ogus  assumed 
the  title  (12(30-1332). 

Georgk  Washington,  "Defender  and 
Paternal  Counseller  of  the  American 
States  "  (1732-1799). 


Father  of  the  People. 

Louis  XII.  of  France  (1462,  1498- 
1515). 

Henri  IV.  of  France,  "The  Father 
and  Friend  of  the  People  "  (1553,  1589- 
1610). 

Louis  XVIII.  of  France  (1755,  1814- 
1824). 

Gabriel  du  Pineau,  a  French  lawyer 
(1573-1644). 

Christian  III.  of  Denmark  (1502, 
1534-1559). 

%*  For  other  "  Fathers,"  see  under 
the  specific  name  or  vocation,  as  Botany, 
Literature,  and  so  on. 

Fathers  (Last  of  the),  St.  Bernard 
(1091-1153). 

%*  The  "Fathers  of  the  Church" 
were  followed  by  "  the  Schoolmen." 

Fatherless.  Merlin  never  had  a 
father ;  his  mother  was  a  nun,  the 
daughter  of  the  king  of  Dimetia. 

Fathom  (Ferdinand  count),  a  villain 
who  robs  his  benefactors,  pillages  any 
one,  and  finally  dies  in  misery  and 
despair. — T.  Smollett,  The  Adventures  of 
Ferdinand  count  Fathom  (1754). 

(The  gang  being  absent,  an  old  bel- 
dame conveys  the  count  to  a  rude  apart- 
ment to  sleep  in.  Here  he  found  the 
dead  body  of  a  man  lately  stabbed  and 
concealed  in  some  straw  ;  and  the  account 
of  his  sensations  during  the  night,  the 
horrid  device  by  which  he  saved  his  life 
(by  lifting  the  corpse  into  his  own  bed), 
and  his  escape  guided  by  the  hag,  is  ter- 
rifically tragic.) 

The  roblwrscene  In  the  old  woman's  hut.  In  Count 
f'tthom,  though  often  imitated  since,  still  remains  one  of 
the  mast  Impressive  and  agitating  night-pieces  of  its  kind. 
—Encyc.  lirit..  Art.  "Romance." 

Fatima,  daughter  of  Mahomet,  and 
one  of  the  four  perfect  women.  The 
other  three  are  KJmdijah,  the  prophet's 
first  wife;  Mary,  daughter  of  lmran; 
and  Asia,  wife  of  that  Pharaoh  who  waa 
drowned  in  the  Red  Sea. 

Fafima,  a  holy  woman  of  China, 
who  lived  a  hermit's  life.  There  waa 
"no  one  affected  with  headache  whom 
she  did  not  cure  by  simply  laying  her 
hands  on  them."  An  African  magit  ian 
induced  this  devotee  to  lend  him  her 
clothes  and  stick,  and  to  make  him  the 
fac-simile  of  herself.  He  then  murdered 
her,  and  got  introduced  into  the  palace  of 
Aladdin.  Aladdin,  being  informed  of  the 
trick,  pretended  to  have  a  bad  headache, 
and  when  the  false  Fatima  approached 
under    the    pretence    of    curing    it,    he 


FATIMA. 

plunge. 1    a  dagger   into   tl  •■   heart  of  the 
magician  and  killed  him. — Arabian  Night* 
iddin  ur  the  Wonderful  Lamp"). 

/'jr'im.i,  the  mother  of  prince  Camaral'- 
saman.  IK-r  husband  was  Schah'zaman 
sultan  of  the  "Isle  of  the  Children  of 
Khal'edan,  some  twenty  (lays'  .sail  from 
the  coast  of  Persia,  in  the  open  sea." — 
Arabian  Night*  (,"  Camaralzauian  and 
Bedoura"). 

Fat'iina,  the  last  of  Blue  hoard's  wives. 
She  was  saved  from  death   by  the  timely 
arrival   of  her  brother!   with    a  party  of 
friends. — C.     l'erruult,     ContU     dt 
(1687). 

Fat'imite  (:? .<>//.).  The  Third  Fttimite, 
the  caliph  Hakem  B'auir-ellah,  who 
nrofessed  to  be  incarnate  deity,  and  the 
last  prophet  who  had  communication 
between  God  and  man.  He  was  the 
founder  of  the  Druses  (<].v.). 

What  lay  jrou  don  thlt  wlcir.l  H)\r  tiitu.f  If — 
Haket-m  ltuinirallah.  tho  Third  Fatll 

KobL  Ilrnviuii,;.  7"**  Rtlurn  of  tht  Itrutet,  T. 

Faulconbridge(/'Ai'/i'//),  called  "the 
Bastard,"  natural  son  of  kmur  Richard  1. 
and  lady  Robert  Faulconbridge.  An 
admirable  admixture  of  greatness  and 
levity,  daring  and  recklessness.  Bewai 
geneioua  and  open-hearted,  but  bated 
foreigners  like  a  true-born  islander. — 
Stakespeam,  King  John  (1696). 

Faulkland,  the  over-anxious  lower 

of  Julia    [  Mi-lrUlr],  always   fretting  and 
tormenting    himself     KDOUt    her    whims, 

spirit,  health,  life.    Every  feature  in  the 
shift  of  the  wind  was  ■  source 

Of  anxiety    to   him.      If   she   was  gay,  he 

fretted  that  she  should  care  so  little  for 

his  absence;  if  she  was  low-spirited,  he 

.   she   was    going   to    die  ;    if  she 

!   with  another,   he   was   jealous ;   if 
she  didn't,   she  was  out   of   sorts.-    £ 
dan,  The  assail  1 1 

Fault.      "Faultily    faultless,     icily 

it,    splendidly   null."     Tennj 
i  "  Maud." 

Fault-bag.    A  fable  says  thai 
man   has   a   !>«<    hf"gi"g  \  fort    bim  in 

whiefa  he  puts  In-  iii  ;    liboiirs'  fault/i,  and 
r  (x.'iirni  him    in    which    he 
ra  n. 

*t  yaa  could  tu-      •  -  I    na|«a  of 

•  a*,  and  Umlr  li.it    Alt  lli'rrtor  mnr«)   >■<  •  |  - 

a»l.»«  I— ttti*kM|*ar*.  <  «rl  itmmt  Sat  U»  JB>  I    I 

\ndrra 

.—It,    Browning, 


826  FAZIO. 


Faun.  Tennyson  u.«cs  this  >- 
deity  of  the  classics  as  the  sy rub- 
drunkard. 

Aria*  and  By 
Tha  raalloj  Faun,  tt.c  annua]  faaat 

In  Mtmui  tam.  exrt& 

Faust,  a  famous  magician  of  the  six- 
iry,  a  native  of  Suabia.  A 
rich  uncle  baring  left  him  a  fortune, 
Faust  ran  to  every  excess,  and  when  his 
fortune  was  exhausted,  made  a  part  SFJ 
the    devil    (who    assume. 1    the    i.  .  | 

MophistophYirs,  and  the  appearai  i 

little  grey  monk)  that  if  be  might  in- 
dulge his  pi 
four  yean,  he  arould  at  the  end  of  thai 

period  consign  to  the  devil  both  body  and 

soul.    The  compa  , 

when  Faust  disappeared.    His i 

fcfargheri'ta    [Margaret],    whom  he 

seduced,   and   his  faithful  servant  was 

•  r. 
.."■   has    a    noble    tragedy  entitled 
Faust  ( I7i'.s)  ;   Gounod  an 
Mar j /writ  a 

Faustua  (I'r.),  tlie  same  as  Faust; 
urlowe,    in    his  admirable    t- 
the  doctor  sell  himself  to  Lucifer 
and  Mephiatdphilia. 

•jn.li  on  tha  brink  of  mriat'     .         o 

■m  .  .   .  aasaaa  ,,/     nihaarlas 

paaloa,  and  orei-whrbnh.f  prnU  • 

eapUn  tba  Hat-nest  I, cart,  and  prudalwj  0 

of  the  tr_  ..\  lurraturt.  L 

*»*  W,    Bayla    Bernard,    of    I 

'  merica,  ha  oa  the  same 

subject. 

Favori't ; 

''  favourite  "   of   AlfonXO    XI.    of  I 

Ferdinando  fi  11  in  love  a  ith  bei 

kin^,  to  save  himself  I  r.  •  in  excommunica- 

metioned  thi 
Ferdinando  learned  that 

mistress,  1  ■ 
with   Indignation,  and 
Leonoi  i  ■ 

monastery,  saw  l .  i 

. . ,     L* 
/  . 

Fiiw  tier's  n 

III.). 

F.-iw'ni:i.  the  lad]  :  lotaav 

tu*.  .    .jk) 

Fa/, 
make    a   fortune 


FEA. 


326 


FEINAIGLE. 


present  when  Bartoldo  died,  he  buried 
the  body  secretly,  and  stole  the  miser's 
money-bags.  Being  now  rich,  he  passed 
his  time  with  the  marchioness  Aldabella 
in  licentious  pleasure,  and  his  wife 
Bianca,  out  of  jealousy,  accused  him  to 
the  duke  of  being  privy  to  Bartoldo's 
death.  For  this  offence  Fazio  was  con- 
demned to  die  ;  and  Bianca,  having  tried 
in  vain  to  save  him,  went  mad  with  grief, 
and  died  of  a  broken  heart. — Dean  Mil- 
man,  Fazio  (1815). 

Pea  (Euphane),  the  old  housekeeper 
of  the  old  udaller  at  Burgh-Westra.  (A 
"  udaller "  is  one  who  holds  land  by 
allodial  tenure.)— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Fear  Fortress,  near  Saragossa.  An 
allegorical  bogie  fort,  conjured  up  by 
fear,  which  vanishes  as  it  is  courageously 
approached  and  boldly  besieged. 

If  a  child  disappeared,  or  any  cattle  were  carried  off, 
the  frightened  peasants  said,  "The  lord  of  Fear  Fortress 
has  taken  them."  If  a  fire  broke  out  anywhere,  it  was 
the  lord  of  Fear  Fortress  who  must  have  lit  it  The  origin 
of  all  accidents,  mishaps,  and  disasters,  was  traced  to  the 
mysterious  owner  of  this  invisible  castle. — L'Epiuo, 
Croquemitaine,  iii.  1. 

Fearless  {The),  Jean  due  de  Bour- 
goigne,  called  -Saws  I'eur  (1371-1419). 

Feast  of  Reason,  etc. 

There  St.  John  mingles  with  the  friendly  bowl. 
Tin-  feast  of  reason  and  Die  flow  of  soul. 
Pope,  Sat.,  i.  ( •'Indtatlons  of  Horace  ").  127-8  (1734). 

Feast — Death.  "  Let  us  eat  and 
drink,  for  to-morrow  we  die  "  (1  Cor.  xv. 
32),  in  allusion  to  the  words  spoken  in 
certain  Egyptian  feasts,  when  a  mummy 
or  the  semblance  of  a  dead  body  was 
drawn  in  a  litter  round  the  room  before 
the  assembled  guests,  while  a  herald  cried 
aloud,  "Gaze  here,  and  drink,  and  be 
merry  ;  for  when  you  die,  such  will  you 
be."  (See  Remember  You  ake 
Mortal.) 

%*  E.  Long  (Academician)  exhibited 
a  painting  (12  feet  by  6  feet)  of  this 
custom,  in  the  Royal  Academv  exhibi- 
tion, 1877. 

Featherhead  (John),  Esq.,  an  op- 
ponent of  sir  Thomas  Kittlecourt,  M.P. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manncring  (time, 
George  II.). 

Fee  and  Fairy.  Fee  is  the  more 
general  term,  including  the  latter.  The 
Arabian  Nights  are  not  all  fairy  talcs, 
but  they  are  all  fee  tales  atcontes  desfe'es. 
So  again,  the  Ossianic  tales,  Campbell's 
Tales  of  the  West  Highlands,  tiie  my- 
thological  tales    of  the   Basques,    Irish, 


Scandinavians,     Germans,  French,    etc., 
may  all  be  ranged  under  fee  tale*. 

Feeble  (Francis),  a  woman's  tailor, 
and  one  of  the  recruits  of  sir  John  Fal- 
staff.  Although  a  thin,  starveling  yard- 
wand  of  a  man,  he  expresses  great 
willingness  to  be  drawn.  Sir  John  com- 
pliments him  aa  "  courageous  Feeble,' 
and  6ays  to  him,  "Thou  wilt  be  as 
valiant  as  the  wrathful  dove,  or  most 
magnanimous  mouse  .  .  .  most  for<  ible 
Feeble." — Shakespeare,  2  Henry  1  V,  act 
iii.  sc.  2  (1598). 

Feeder  (Mr.),  B.A.,  usher  in  the 
school  of  Dr.  Blimber  of  Brighton.  He 
was  "a  kind  of  human  barrel-organ,  which 
played  only  one  tune."  He  was  in  tho 
habit  of  shaving  his  head  to  keep  it  cool. 
Mr.  Feeder  married  Miss  Blimber,  the 
doctor's  daughter,  and  succeeded  to  the 
school. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son 
(1846). 

Feenix,  nephew  of  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Skewton  (mother  of  Edith,  Mr.  Dombey's 
second  wife).  Feenix  was  a  very  old 
gentleman,  patched  up  to  look  as  much 
like  a  young  fop  as  possible. 

Cousin  Feenix  was  a  man  about  town  forty  years  ago: 
but  he  is  still  so  Juvenile  in  figure  and  manner  th:it 
strangers  are  amazed  when  they  discover  latent  wrinkles 
in  his  lordship's  face,  and  crows'  feet  in  his  eyes.  But 
cousin  Feenix  getting  up  at  half-past  seven,  is  quite 
another  thing  from  cou^n  Feenix  got  up. — C  Dickens. 
Dombey  and  Son,  xxxi.  (1S46). 

Feet  like  Mice. 

Her  feet  beneath  her  petticoat, 
Like  little  mice  stole  in  and  out. 
As  if  they  feared  the  light. 
Sir  John  Suckling.  The  Wedding  (died  1641). 

Feignwell  (Colonel),  the  suitor  of 
Anne  Lovely,  an  heiress.  Anne  Lovely 
had  to  obtain  the  consent  of  her  four 
guardians  before  she  could  marry.  One 
was  an  old  beau,  another  a  virtuoso,  a 
third  a  broker  on  'Change,  and  the  fourth 
a  canting  quaker.  The  colonel  made  him- 
self agreeable  to  all.  and  carried  oif  his 
prize. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold  Stroke fo*- 
a  Wi/<?(1717). 

Andrew  Cherry  117(59-18121  His  first  character  ni 
"colonel  Feignwell,"  an  arduous  task  for  a  boy  of  17;  but  h« 
obtained  great  applause,  and  the  manager  of  the  sharing 
company,  after  passing  many  encomiums  on  his  exertions, 
presented  him  with  tenponce  halfpenny,  as  his  dividend 
Of  the  profits  of  the  night's  perlurniaiice.— Percy,  Aneo- 

Feinai'gle  (Gregory  dc),  a  German 
mnemonist  (1765-1820).  He  obtained 
some  success  by  his  aids  to  memory,  bin 
in  Paris  he  was  an  object  of  ridicule. 

Her  memory  was  a  mine  .  .  . 

For  her  Feinaigle's  was  a  useless  art 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  I- 11  USUI 


FF.LICE.  327 

Felice,  wife  of  sir  Guy  of  Warwick, 

■aid  to  have  "  the  same  high  fort -h 
\  ■  nus." 

Folic'ian  (Fit  her),  the  catholic  priest 

•  i  Grand  I'r. ,  in  Acadia 

fnow  ■  ' ■■'!.     1 1 •  -  socom- 

.  Evangeline  in  part  of  her  wander- 
ings to  find  ( iabrid  her  affianced  husband. 
— Longfellow,  Fvanjeline  (18-19). 

Folicians  (7'A<-),  the  happy  nation. 
The  Feliciana  lire  undcrafree  sovereignty, 
where  the  laws  are  absolute.  Felicia 
French  "  Utopia." — Mercier  de.  la 


IDU 

if  a 


,  L llcurcusc  Nation  (17ij<). 

Feliciano  do  Sylva,  don  Quixote's 
favourite    author.     The    two    folio 

extracts  were  in  his  opinion  unsur, 
and  unsurpassable  : — 

The  reason,  most  blond  one.  of  jrour  unreasonable 
■nreasunableness  hath  so  unreAaonaMjr  unseated  in/ 
reasuii,  that  I  oar*  no  reasonable  reason  for  reasoning 
against  turh  unreasonableness. 

The  bright  hearrn  of  >our  dlrlnlty  that  lifts  70U  to  the 
■tart,  nioat  celestial  of  women,  reiulLTS  yuu  deaerrlng 
.--,rrt  whii-ti  >.-'-jr  ehanni  -••  deaenred!/  deserve. 
— Orvsjites,  Inn  Qnfasfr,  L  L  8  (1GU3). 

Felix,  a   monk   who    listened    b 
tinging  of  a  milk-white  bir.l  for  a  hundred 

I  which   length  of  time  seemed  to 
him  "but  a  single  hour,"  so  enchanted 

■  with  the  song.  -  Longfellow,  The 
Boldem  Legend.     (See  also  Wide* 

Felix  (Don),   son   of  don   I>opez.     He 

was  a  Portuguese  nobleman,  in  love  with 

Violante ;  butViolante'a  father,  don  Pedro, 

Intended    t<>    make  her  a  nun.     Donna 

i,  having  fled  from  home  to  avoid 

a   Marriage    disagreeable    to    her,    took 

i  Violante;  and  when  colonel 

called  at  the  house  to  see  donna 

11a,    her    brother    don     Felix    was 

•••   ieving  that  Violante  was  the 

of  his  visit-*.      Violante  kept  "  h.  r 

lecret,"  risk  of  losing 

In  r  low  ;  but  ultimately  the  m 

was   cleared    up,    and    B    doul 

place. — lars.  Centlivre,  . 

(1711;. 

-  (if.   J/uwcmi),  a  Roman  I 

ich  nccupie.t 
a       ■  BBienou  plaoe    amot 
iristianity. 

Mmurlus  felll.  lh»  l«-l!rr«d  ttist  otII  ,Umoni  hid 
tawsltes  In    Ux    marbles  [«*u*4,— OukU.   Ar±ui*4. 

!v,  who  com 

kin.;  of  the 


FEN  ELLA. 
East    Saxons    (a.d.     CO-I).- I/.helwerd, 

\  thrse  men  nr«t  rererend  hare       .   . 
. 
Ooonrtad  lo  the  talth  kin*  KlgbcrL     Illm  again 
Kluuelh  Aneslni  .  .   .   int  11  -«:.    ...[«*•»  -. 

Itn/itm.  1-olfJSum,  ul>.  |1«Jl 

Folixmar'to  M  ly/.)  of  Hyrcania, 
son  of  Flo'risan  ana  Martedi'na.  the  Iito 
of  a  S;  mot  of  chivalry.     The 

curate   in    I><m   (fuix^tc  condemned   this 
work  to  the  flames.  —  M- 
Cabailerode  UUUi  (14V 

Fell  (/'r.).  Tom  Brown,  being  India* 
grace,  was  -•  I  bj  Dr.  1  I 

Church    1 1626   161  th» 

thirty-third  I  Martial. 

Son  amo  te.  Zahldl,  ner  possum  dtrerr  ,  jlj-s  i 
Hue  ta"t'im  i^Msut"  diotra.  Hon  tuw  te. 

Which  he  rendered  tlius  : 

I  do  not  like  thee.  Dr.  Pell— 
The  reason  why  I  can:     * 
But  this  1  know,  and  know  full  wall. 
I  do  not  Ukc  iLea.  l>r  >Vil 

Foltham  (fittick),  a  hiphwsyman 
with    captain    Golepep] 

Alsatian     bullyi.  —  Sir     W. 

Fbrhms»  of  Sigti  (tinv  . 

Femmes  Savantes  (/.<■«>,  w.  men 
who  pi  in  for  w en'i  tights,  - 

and      philosophy,  ' 

and     wifely    nm- 
The  "  blue-ertockinga  "are  i  I)  I'liilaminUs 
(:\  «>//.)   the  mother  of   Henrietta,  who 

no  of  In  r  :•.  • 
speaks  bad  grammar ;  (2)Annandc  | 

f  Henrietta,  who  I  itonic 

love    and  science  ;  and 

of   Philaminta,  who  sides  with  her  in  aU 

things,  but  imagines  that  every  oi 

s  ith   her.     Henrietta,  who 
sympathy   with  these  "loft; 

in    love   with   <  'litandrc,    but     1  • 

wants!  her  to  marry  Trisitotin,  a  4W  e-v/wnf. 
I  ie  Lather   lost  i  bis   ;  i 

through   the  "  savant  "  I  of  his 

lAtidra 
marries      Ileum-;'  ' 

thorough  woman.  Lu  Few*** 

1  ui^hUsr   of 

■  af  and 
dumb  ' 
of  1'.  rbj  .  ■ 

n,  the 
Italia  '■  -\st*~'» 

.1  ill    ..  ■        .     :*~ru     / 

11.    . 

..d,  rsrwsi.  /.Ml,,  ul  a*. 


FENELLA. 

Fenella,  a  deaf  and  dumb  girl,  sister 
of  Masaniello  the  fisherman.  She  was 
seduced  by  Alfonso,  son  of  the  duke  of 
Arcos ;  and  Masaniello  resolved  to  kill 
him.  He  accordingly  headed  an  insur- 
rection, and  met  with  such  great  success 
that  the  mob  made  him  chief  magistrate 
of  Portici,  but  afterwards  shot  him. 
Fenella,  on  hearing  of  her  brother's  death, 
threw  herself  into  the  crater  of  Vesuvius. 
— Aubtr,  Masaniello  (an  opera,  1831). 

Fenris.  the  demon  wolf  of  Niflheim. 
When  he  gapes  one  jaw  touches  the  earth 
and  the  other  heaven.  This  monster  will 
swallow  up  Odin  at  the  day  of  doom. 
(Often  but  incorrectiv  written  Fenuik.) — 
Scandinavian  Myt/iv'loijy. 

Fenton,  the  lover  of  Anne  Page, 
daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Page,  gentle- 
folks living  at  Windsor.     Fenton  is  of 

good  birth,  and  seeks  to  marry  a  fortune 
to  "heal  his  poverty."  In  "sweet  Anne 
1'agc"  he  soon  discovers  that  which 
makes  him  love  her  for  herself  more  than 
for  her  money  — Shakespeare,  Merry 
Wicesof  Windsor,  act  iii.  sc.  4  (1G01). 

Ferad-Artho,  son  of  Cairbre,  and 
only  surviving  descendant  of  the  line  of 
Conar  (the  first  king  of  Ireland).  On 
the  death  of  Cathiuor  (brother  of  the 
r*>bel  Cairbar)  in  battle,  Ferad-Artho  irae 
placed  by  I'ingal  on  the  throne  as  "  king 
of  Ireland."  The  race  was  thus:  (1) 
Conar  (a  Caledonian)  ;  (2)  Corinae  I.,  his 
son  ;  (.'!)  Cairbre,  his  son  ;  (1)  Artho,  his 
son  ;  (o)  Connac  II.,  his  son  (a  minor)  ; 
^6)  Ferad-Artho,  his  cousin. — Ossian, 
J'emora,  vii. 

Fer'amorz,  the    young    Cashmorian 

poet,  wlm  relates  poetical  tales  to  l.alla 
Rookh  on  her  journey  from  Delhi  to 
Lesser  Uucharia.  Lalla  is  going  to  be 
married  to  the  young  sultan,  but  falls  in 
love  with  the  poet.  On  the  wedding 
morn  she  is  led  to  her  bridegroom,  and 
rinds  with  unspeakable  joy  that  tl 
is  the  sultan  himself. — T.  Moore,  Lalla 
liookh  (1817). 

Ferda,  son  of  Damman,  chief  of  a 
hundred  hills  in  Albion.  Fcrda  was  the 
friend  of  Cutlmllin  general  of  the  Irish 
forces  in  the  time  of  king  Cormac  I. 
Deugala  (spouse  of  Cairbar)  loved  the 
youth,  and  told  her  husband  if  he  would 
cot  divide  the  herd  she  would  no  longer 
livewithhim.  Cuthullin,  being  appointed 
tf.  make  the  division,  enraged  the  la.lv  by 
assigning  a  Know-white  bull  to  the 
husband,    whereupon     Deugala    induced 


FERGUS. 


her  lover  to  challenge  Cuthullin  to  mortal 
combat.  Most  unwillingly  the  two 
friends  fought,  and  Ferda  fell.  "The 
sunbeam  of  battle  fell — the  first  of 
Outhullin's  friends.  Unhappy  [unlucky] 
is  the  hand  of  Cuthullin  since  the  hero 
fell." — Ossian,  Finyal,  ii. 

Ferdinand,  king  of  Navarre.  He 
agreed  with  three  young  lords  to  spend 
three  years  in  severe  study,  during  which 
time  no  woman  was  to  approach  his 
court  ;  but  no  sooner  was  the  agreement 
made  than  he  fell  in  love  with  the 
princess  of  France.  In  consequence  of 
the  death  of  her  father,  the  lady  deferred 
the  marriage  for  twelve  months  and  a 
day. 

.  .  .  the  tote  Inheritor 
Of  all  perfertlnnj  thai  a  man  may  owe  [o*m\ 
Matchlew  Navarro. 

Shakespeare,  low'i  Labour  t  Lot  UStM). 

Fcr'dinand,  son  of  Alonso  kim;  of 
Naples.  He  falls  in  love  with  Miranda, 
daughter  of  l'rospero  the  exiled  duke 
of  Milan. — Shakespeare,  Tl\e  Tempest 
(1C09). 

Haply  ao 
Mlnuwler'i  hope  had  plcturui  Ferdinand 
Long  ere  the  gaunt  wave  lotted  him  on  the  shore. 
Lowell. 

Ferdinand,  a  fiery  young  Spaniard,  in 
love  with  I^eonora. — Jephson,  TuoStrin<j$ 
to  your  Bow  (179*J). 

Fmduuttd    (Do*),    the    son    of    don 

Jerome  of  Seville,  in  love  with  Clara 
d'Almanza,  daughter  of  don  liu/.man.— 
Sheridan,  The  Duenna  (1773). 

Ferdinan'tlo,  a  brave  soldier  who, 
having  won  the  battle  of  Tarifa,  in  1310, 
was  created  count  of  Zamo'ra  ami  marquis 
of  Montreal.  The  king,  Alfonzo  XI., 
knowing  his  love  for  Leonora  de  Guzman, 
gave  him  the  bride  in  marriage  ;  but  no 
sooner  was  this  done  than  Ferdinando 
discovered  that  she  was  the  kind's 
mistress,  so  he  at  once  repudiated  her, 
restored  his  ranks  and  honours  to  the 
king,  and  retired  to  the  monastery  of  Sf. 
Jamee  de  Compostella.  Leonora  entered 
the  same  monastery  as  a  novice,  obtained 
the  pardon  of  Ferdinando,  and  died. — 
Donizetti,  La  Faron't<i  (1842). 

FergU8,  fourth  son  of  Fingai,  and 
the  only  one  that  had  issue  at  the  deain  of 
his  father.  Ossian,  the  eldest  brother.had 
a  son  named  ( >scar,  but  ( iscar  was  slain  at 
a  feast  by  Cairbar  "  lord  of  Atha  ;  "  and 
of  the  other  two  brothers,  Fillan  was  slain 
before  he  had  married,  and  Ryno,  though 
married,  died  without  issue. 


FERGUS. 


329 


FERRARDO. 


According  to  tradition,  Fergus  (son  of 
Fingal)  was"  the  father  of  Consul  ;  Conn] 
of  Arcath;  and  Arcath  of  Fergus  II., 
with  whom  begins  the  real  history  of  the 
Scots. — Ossian. 

Fergus,  son  of  Rossa,  a  brave  hero  in 
the  army  of  Cuthullin  general  of  the 
Irish  tribes. 

Fergus,  first  in  our  Joy  at  the  feast ;  son  of  Roata  ;  arm 
of  death.— Ossian.  fingm.1,  1. 

Fet  'gus  is  another  form  of  Ferragus  or 
Ferracute,  the  Portuguese  giant.  (See 
Febraoutb.) 

Fern  (Fanny),  the  pseudonym  of  Sarah 
Fayson  'Willis,  afterwards  Eldredge, 
afterwards  Farmington,  afterwards  Par- 
ton,  sister  of  N.  P.  Willis,  an  American 
(1811-1872). 

Fern  ( Will),  a  poor  fellow  who,  being 
found  asleep  in  a  shed,  is  brought  before 
alderman  Cute.  He  says  emphatically 
"he  must  be  put  down."  The  poor 
fellow  takes  charge  of  his  brother's  child, 
and  is  both  honest  and  kind,  but,  alas ! 
he  dared  to  fall  asleep  in  a  shed,  an 
offence  which  must  be  "  put  down." — C. 
Dickens,  The  Chimes,  third  quarter 
(1844). 

Fernan  Cabal lero,  the  pseudonym 
of  Cecilia  Bohl  do  Faber,  a  Spanish 
novelist  (1797-1877). 

Fernando,  son  of  John  of  ProcTda, 
and  husband  of  Isoline  (8  ayl.\  daughter 
of  the  French  governor  01  Messina.  The 
butchery  of  the  Sicilian  Vespers  occurred 
the  night  after  their  espousals.  Fernando 
iraa  among  the  slain,  and  Isoline  died  of 
a  broken  heart. — S.  Kuowlcs,  John  of 
Procida  (1840). 

Fernando  (Don),  youngest  son  of  the 
duke  Ricardo.  Gay,  handsome,  generous, 
and  polite;  but  faithless  to  his  friend  Car- 
demo,  for,  contrary  to  the  lady's  inclina- 
tion, and  in  violation  of  every  principle 
of  honour,  he  prevailed  on  Lucinda's 
father  to  break  off  the  betrothal  between 
his  daughter  arid  Cardenio,  and  to  bestow 
the  lady  on  himself.  On  the  wedding 
day  Lucinda  was  in  a  swoon,  and  a  letter 
informed,  the  bridegroom  that  she  was 
married  already  to  Cardenio ;  she  then  left 

the  house  privately,  and  retired  to  ■  con- 
vent. Don  Fernando,  baying  entered  the 
convent,  carried  her  off,  but  Btopping  at 
an  inn,  found  there  Dorothea  his  wife, 
with  Cardenio  the  husband  of  Lucinda,  and 
khe  two  parties  paired  oil'  viilh  their  re- 


spective spouses. — Cervantes,  DonQuixoU, 
I.  iv.  (1G05). 

Fernan' do,  a  Venetian  captain,  servant 
to  Annophel  (daughter  of  the  governor  of 
Candy). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Fernan' do[  Fi.orkstan]  ,  a  State  prisoner 
of  Seville,  married  to  Leonora,  who  (in 
boy's  attire  and  under  the  name  01  Fideho) 
became  the  servant  of  Rocco  the  jailer. 
Pizarro,  governor  of  the  jail,  conceived  a 
hatred  to  the  State  prisoner,  and  resolved 
to  murder  him,  so  Rocco  and  Leonora 
were  sent  to  dig  his  grave.  The  arrival 
of  the  minister  of  state  put  an  end  to  the 
infamous  design,  and  Fernando  was  set 
at  liberty. — Beethoven,  Fidelia  (1791). 

Ferney  (The  Patriarch  of),  Voltaire  | 
so  called  because  he  lived  in  retirement 
at  Ferney,  near  Geneva  (1G9 1-1778). 

Ferquhard  Day,  the  absentee  from 
the  clan  Chattan  at  the  combat. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  1'erth  (time,  Henrv 
IV.). 

Fer'racute,  a  giant  who  had  the 
strength  of  forty  men,  and  was  thirty-six 
feet  high.  He  was  slain  by  Orlando, 
who  wounded  him  in  the  navel,  his  only 
vulnerable  part. — Turpin,  Chronicle  of 
Charlemagne. 

%*  Ferracute  is  the  prototype  of 
Pulci's  "Morgante,"  in  his  heroi-comio 
poem  entitled  Morgante  Ma/giore  (1194). 

Fer'ragus,  the  Portuguese  giant,  who 
took  Bellisant  under  his  care  after  her 
divorce  from  Alexander  emperor  of  Con- 
stantinople.—  Valentine  and  Orson  (fif- 
teenth century). 

My  sire's  tall  form  might  grace  the  part 
Of  Ferragus  or  Ajcapai  t. 

Sir  W.  Soott 

Fer'ramond  (Sir),  a  knight,  whoa* 
lady-love  was  Lucida. 

Ferrand  de  Vaudcmont  (G  unt, 
due  de  Lorraine,  son  of    K<ne    kin^:   of 
Provence.      He  first  appears  disguised  as 
Laurence  Neippcrg. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Oeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Ferrardo  [Gonzaoa],  reigning  duke 
of  Mantua  in  the  absence  of  his  cousin 
Leonardo.  He  mi  a  villain,  ami  tried  to 
prove    Mariana   (the  bride    of    Leonardo) 

guilty  of  adultery.    Bis  scheme  was  this: 

He  made  Julian  St.  Pierre  drunk  with 
drugged  wine,  and  in  his  sleep  conveyed 

him  to  the  duke's  bed,  throwing  his  scurf 
under  the  bed  of  the  duchess,  which  was 
in  an  adjoining  chamber.     He  then  r*- 


FEKRAU. 

realed  these  proofs  of  guilt  to  his  cousin 
Leonardo,  but  Leonardo  refused  to  believe 
in  his  wife's  guilt,  and  Julian  St.  Pierre 
exposed  the  whole  scheme  of  villainy, 
amply  vindicating  the  innocence  of 
Mariana,  who  turned  out  to  be  Julian's 
oister.— S.  Knowles,  The  Wife  (1833). 

Ferrau,  a  Saracen,  son  of  Landfu'sa. 
Having  dropped  his  helmet  in  a  river,  he 
vowed  never  to  wear  another  till  he  won 
that  worn  by  Orlando.  Orlando  slew  him 
by  a  wound  in  the  navel,  his  only  vul- 
nerable part. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Ferraugh  (Sir),  introduced  in  bk.  iii. 
8,  but  without  a  name,  as  carrying  off 
the  false  Florimel  from  Braggadoccio. 
In  bk.  iv.  2,  the  name  is  given.  He 
is  there  overthrown  by  sir  Blanda- 
mour,  who  takes  away  with  him  the  false 
Florimel,  the  lady  of  snow  and  wax. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen  (1590,  1596). 

Ferret,  an  avaricious,  mean-spirited 
slanderer,  who  blasts  by  innuendoes,  and 
blights  by  hints  and  cautions.  He  hates 
young  Heartall,  and  misinterprets  all  his 
generous  acts,  attributing  his  benevolence 
to  hush-money.  The  rascal  is  at  last 
found  out  and  foiled. — Cherry,  The 
Soldier's  Daughter  (1804). 

Ferrex,  eldest  son  of  Gorboduc  a 
legendary  king  of  Britain.  Being  driven 
by  his  brother  Porrex  from  the  kingdom, 
he  returned  with  a  large  army,  but  was 
defeated  and  slain  by  Porrex. — Gorboduc, 
a  tragedy  by  Thorn.  Norton  and  Thorn. 
Sackville  (1561). 

Fetnab  ("  tormentor  of  hearts"),  the 
favourite  of  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Raschid. 
While  the  caliph  was  absent  in  his  wars, 
Zobeide  (3  syl.),  the  caliph's  wife,  out  of 
jealousy,  ordered  Fetnab  to  be  buried  alive. 
Ganem  happened  accidentally  to  see  the 
interment,  rescued  her,  and  took  her 
home  to  his  own  private  lodgings  in 
Bagdad.  The  caliph,  on  his  return, 
mourned  for  Fetnab  as  dead ;  but  receiving 
from  her  a  letter  of  explanation,  he  became 
jealous  of  Ganem,  and  ordered  him  to  be 
put  to  death.  Ganem,  however,  contrived 
to  escape.  When  the  nt  of  jealousy  was 
over,  the  caliph  heard  the  facta  plainly 
stated,  whereupon  he  released  Fetnab, 
gave  her  in  marriage  to  Ganem,  and 
appointed  the  young  man  to  a  very  lucra- 
tive post  about  the  court. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Ganem,  the  Slave  of  Love  "). 

Fe'zon,  daughter  of  Savary  duke  of 


330  FIDELIO. 


Aquitaine.  The  Green  Knight,  who  was 
a  pagan,  demanded  her  in  marriage,  but 
Orson  (brother  of  Valentine),  called  "The 
Wild  Man  of  the  Forest,"  overthrew 
the  pagan  and  married  Fezon. —  Valentin* 
and  Orson  (fifteenth  century). 

Fiammetta,  a  lady  beloved  by  Boc- 
caccio, supposed  to  be  Maria,  daughter  of 
Robert  king  of  Naples.  (See  Lovers.) 
(Italian,  Jiamrna,  "  a  little  flame.") 

Fib,  an  attendant  on  queen  Mab.— 
Drayton,  Nymphidia. 

Fiction.  Father  of  Modern  Pros* 
Fiction,  Daniel  Defoe  (1663-1731). 

Fiddler  (Oliver's).  Sir  Roger  l'Es- 
trange  was  so  called,  because  at  one  time 
he  was  playing  a  fiddle  or  viole  in  the 
house  of  John  Hingston,  where  Crom- 
well was  one  of  the  guests  (1616-1704). 

Fiddler  Joss,  Mr.  Joseph  Poole,  a 
reformed  drunkard,  who  subsequently 
turned  preacher  in  London,  but  retained 
his  former  sobriquet. 

Fiddler's  Green,  the  Elysium  or. 
sailors ;  a  land  flowing  with  rum  and 
limejuice ;  a  land  of  perpetual  music, 
mirth,  dancing,  drinking,  and  tobacco  ;  a 
sort  of  Dixie's  Land  or  land  of  the  leal. 

Fidele  (3  syl.),  the  name  assumed  by 
Imogen,  when,  attired  in  boy's  clothes,  she 
started  for  Milford  Haven  to  meet  her 
husband  Posthumus. — Shakespeare,  Cym- 
belinc  (1605). 

%*  Collins  has  a  beautiful  elegy  on 
"  Fidele." 

Fidelia,  "  the  foundling."  She  is 
in  reality  Harriet,  the  daughter  of  sir 
Charles  Raymond,  but  her  mother  dying 
in  childbirth,  she  was  committed  to  the 
charge  of  a  governante.  The  govemante 
sold  the  child,  at  the  age  of  12,  to  one 
Villiard,  and  then  wrote  to  sir  Charles 
to  6ay  that  she  was  dead.  One  night, 
Charfes  Belmont,  passing  by,  heard  cries 
of  distress,  and  going  to  the  rescue  tock 
the  girl  home  as  a  companion  to  hi? 
sister.  He  fell  in  love  with  her ;  the 
governante,  on  her  death-bed,  told  the 
story  of  her  infamy  ;  and  Charles  married 
the  foundling. — Ed.  Moore,  The  Foundling 
(1748). 

FideTio,  Leono'ra,  wife  of  Fernando 
Florestan.  She  assumed  the  name"  of 
Fi'delio,  and  dressed  in  male  attire  whto 
her  husband  was  a  State  prisoner,  that  she 
might  enter   the    service  of    Rocco  th* 


FIDES. 


331 


FIELDING'S  PROVERBS. 


jailer,    and    hold    intercourse    with    her 
husband. — Beethoven,  FMUtO  (17'Jl). 

Fides  (-  *</'•),  mother  of  John  of 
Leyden.  Believing  th.it  the  prophet- 
ruler  of  Westphalia  had  caused  lor  r  ■■u'a 
death,  she  went  to  Minister  to  curse  him. 
-  the  ruler  pass,  bIw  recognized  in 
bin  her  own  son  ;  but  the  son  pretended 
not  to  know  his  mother,  end  l'ides,  to 
save  him  annoyance,  proteased  to  have 
sendl  a  mistake.  She  was  put  into  a 
dungeon,  where  John  visited  her,  and  when 
lie  set  tire  to  his  palace,  lidos  rushed  into 
the  names,  and  both  perished  together. — 
Meyerbeer,  Ias  Prophctc  (1»4'J). 

Fidessa,  the  companion  of   Bauffoy  ; 

but  when  the  lied  CrOM  Knight  slew  tliat 

"faithless  Saracen,"  Fidessa  told  him  she 

•.<■  only  daughter  of  an  empexoi  of 

Italy;  that  she  was   betrothed  to  a   rich 

riae  kin^' ;  and  tlmt  her  betrothed 

-Iain,  she  had  set  forth  to  find  the 
body,  in  order  that  she  might  decently 
inter   it.      She   said  that  in   her  wamler- 

9ansfoy    had    met   her  and    eom- 

.  her  to  be  his  companion  ;  but  she 
thanked  tlie  knight  for  having  come  to 
ber  rescue.  The  Red  Croea  Knight, 
wholly  deluded  by  this  plausible  tele, 
assured  Fidessa  of  iiis  sympathy  and  pro- 
tection  ;  but  she  turned  oui  to  be  1 

ughter  of  Falsehood  and  Shame. 
The  seijuel  must  be  sought  under  the 
word    l»i  kssa. — Spenser,   Fatrjf    Qmw, 

i.  a  (iwo). 

Fi'do,  Faith  personified,  the  foster-son 

'  rearing,"   Bom,   x.    17)  ;     his 

lister    is    Meditation.     Fully    de- 

1  in  canto  ix.  of   The  Purple  Island 

I),    bv     l'hineas     Fletcher.       (Latin, 

"faith.") 

Field    of    Blood,    Aoeldama,    the 

if    land    purchased     by    the    thirty 
■  of  silver  w  hioh  Juda    had  n 

t,  and  which  he  threw 

ilown    in   the    Temple    when    he    saw    that 
was  condemned   to  death.  —Mitt. 
xxviu  6. 

•  Id   of 

Catinir,   where    Hannibal,    B.O.    216,    do- 
th o     Roman*     with    very    great 

UtSX. 

Wit  Id-  of  Mourning,  a  hatt:. 

•     July      17,       11 
itians  and  the  hi 

•  f   an 
»  i  ii  uiilitarj  upon  ■ 


;  ield,  Man- 

tny  aa 

m  w.  re    wounded    in    thia 

attack.     The  word  is  a  burlesque 

on  Wat- 

BatUo  u>l  M-dihM.  Srptrtnher  mtmrrm.  br!dn«  W 
-,u  of  M+c<rw,  y*t:ri**M.  fclcfi»».  Uu  yuumi 
bmiiciiuo*.  luknii,  »i.l  tudloum*.— OuljW. 

Field  of  tho   Cloth  of  Gold,  a 

large    plain    between  Axdrea    and  (iuisne* 
h/'/W»],    where    Fnneoil    L   inter. 
Henry  VII 1.  in  1620. 

Th*7    differ,    u    a    M»7-d»y    pro«w«lon    erf   ehlmn^- 
i»,  ^n  diflori  trom  The  yidtl    ot  ILo  lloth  of  Uold.— 

MacMriHT1 

Fiold  of  tho  Forty  Footsteps, 
at  the  back  of  the  Bril 

called     .Southampton     Fields.      T: 

dition  is  that  two  brothers,  in  the 
mouth  rebellion,  took  d  *,  »nd 

. 

killed,  and  forty  in      •  of  their  feet 

were    traceable   in    the    field    fur    years 

afterwards. 

*,*  Tho  Misses  Porter  wi 
called    . 

and  the   Messrs.    ■  same 

subject  for  a  melodrama. 

Fielding   (Mrs.),  a   little   querulous 
oil  lady  with  a  D4  I  who,  in  D0t> 

sequence  of  barn 

or  of  labouring  onder  the  impression  that 
she  might  have  been  if  something  in  the 
indigo   trade  had   ba]  ;  rently, 

• 

.    fur  a   par- 
gloves,    ami    a   cap   of    I 
tall  anil  quite  as  stiff  as  a  mitre." 
i ;,  her  daughter,  verj 
and    innocent.        She  ■  d     to 

Edward  Plummer,  but  heard  thai 
died  in  South    America,  and  cot 

to  marry  Taokleton  the  toy  merchant.  A 
hw   d  the  day   fixed  for  the 

Iward  I'lumiii.  r  retun  ■ 
they  were  married.   Ta<  kleton  save  then 
as   a   present   thi 
for  his  own 

-  cat  th.<  Drau 
Farquhar,  author  of  7'V  Ikaua'  ^rufaysm, 
eta  (1678  I7u7). 

!  '  •■  mrrt 

I  1  \   W.  Henrj  I 
the  Shakes  pea 

. 

•  Ait*; 

•  ;nu*t   uj   JhufuH, 


Fl  ERA  BRAS. 


332 


FILIO-QUE. 


from  the  original,  179G,  folio,  £4  4s.  The 
whole  a  barefaced  forgery. 

Fierabras  (Sir)  [Fe.a'.ra.brah],  a 
Saracen  of  Spain,  who  made  himself 
master  of  Rome,  and  canied  away  the 
crown  of  thorns  and  the  balsam  with 
which  the  Lord  had  been  embalmed.  His 
chief  exploit  was  to  slay  the  giant  who 
guarded  the  bridge  of  Mantible,  which 
had  thirty  arches,  all  of  black  marble. 
Bal'and  of  Spain  assumed  the  name  of  sir 
Fierabras. 

Balsam  of  Fierabras,  the  balsam  used 
in  embalming  the  body  of  Christ,  stolen 
by  sir  Fierabras.  It  possessed  such  vir- 
tues that  one  single  drop,  taken  inter- 
nally, sufficed  to  heal  the  most  malignant 
wound. 

Fierabras  of  Alexandria,  the 
greatest  giant  that  ever  walked  tbe  earth. 
He  possessed  all  Babylon,  even  to  the 
Red  Sea,  was  seigneur  of  Russia,  lord  of 
Cologne,  master  of  Jerusalem,  and  of  the 
Holy  Sepulchre.  This  huge  giant  ended 
his  days  in  the  odour  of  sanctity,  "  meek 
as  a  lamb,  and  humble  as  he  was  meek." 

Fierce  (The),  Alexander  I.  of  Scot- 
land. So  called  from  the  impetuosity  of 
his  temper  (*,  1107-1124). 

Fiesco,  the  chief  character  of  Schiller's 
tragedy  so  called.  The  poet  makes  Fiesco 
killed  by  the  hand  of  Verri'na  the  repub- 
lican ;  but  history  says  his  death  was  the 
result  of  a  stumble  from  a  plank  (1783). 

Fig  Sunday,  Palm  Sunday.  So 
callea  from  the  custom  of  eating  figs  on 
this  day,  as  snapdragons  on  Christmas 
Eve,  pium-pudding  on  Christmas  Day, 
oranges  and  barley  sugar  on  St.  Valen- 
tine's Eve,  pancakes  on  Shrove  Tuesday, 
Bait  cod-fish  on  Ash  Wednesday,  fru- 
menty on  Mothering  Sunday  (Mid-lent), 
cross-buns  on  Good  Friday,  gooseberry 
tart  on  Whit  Sunday,  goose  on  Michael- 
mas Day,  nuts  on  All-Hallows,  and  soon. 

Figs  of  Holvan.  Holvan  is  a 
stream  of  Persia,  and  the  Persians  say 
its  figs  are  not  be  equalled  in  the  whole 
wcrld. 

Luscious  as  the  flgs  of  Holvan. 

Saadi,  Oulutan  (thirteenth  century). 

Fig'aro,  a  barber  of  extraordinary 
cunning,  dexterity,  and  intrigue. — Bcau- 
marchais,  Barbier  de  Seville  (1775). 

Fig'aro,  a  valet,  who  outwits  even*  one 
by  his  dexterity  and  cunning. — Beau- 
marchajs,  Mariage  de  Figaro  (1784). 

*m*  Several  operas  have  been  founded 


on  these  two  comedies :  e.g.  Mozart'i 
Nozze  di  Figaro  (1786)  ;  Paisiello's  II 
Barbiere  di  Siviglia  (1810)  ;  Rossini'g  H 
Barbiere  di  Sivigiia  (1816). 

Fig'aro,  the  sweetheart  of  Susan 
(favourite  waiting-woman  of  the  countess 
Almaviva).  Figaro  is  never  so  happy  as 
when  he  has  two  or  three  plots  in  hand. — 
T.  Holcroft,  The  Follies  of  a  Day  (1745 
1809). 

Fights   and    Runs   Away    (M» 
that). 

He  that  fUhta  and  runs  away 
May  litre  to  flu-lit  another  day ; 
But  he  that  Is  In  hattle  slain 
Can  nerer  rise  to  fiuht  again. 
Sir  John  Mennis,  Mutarum  DrlU-Lr  (1636). 


*„,*  Demosthenes,  being  reproached  for 
running  away  from  the  battle  of  Cbae- 
ronea,  replied,  u*hp  °  4>tin/v»  «ui  »i'Aik  /io- 
xnatTai  ("a  man  who  runs  away  may  fight 
again  "). 

Those  that  fly  may  fight  again. 
Which  be  can  never  do  that's  slain. 

8.  BuUer.  UudUmu.  iii.  3  (1678). 

Fighting  Frelate  (The),  Henry 
Spencer,  bishop  of  Nonvich.  He  opposed 
the  rebels  under  Wat  Tyler  with  th«  tem- 
poral sword,  absolved  them,  and  then  sent 
them  to  the  gibbet.  In  1383  he  went  to 
assist  the  burghers  of  Ghent  in  their  con- 
test with  the  count  of  Flanders. 

The  bishop  of  Nonvich.  the  famous  "  Fighting  Piv 
late."  had  led  an  army  into  Flanders. — Lord  Campbell. 

Filch,  a  lad  brought  up  as  a  pick- 
pocket. Mrs.  Peachum  says,  "  He  hath 
as  fine  a  hand  at  picking  a  pocket  as  a 
woman,  and  is  as  nimble-fingered  as  a 
juggler.  If  an  unlucky  session  docs  not 
cut  the  rope  of  thy  life,  I  pronounce,  boy, 
thou  wilt  be  a  great  man  in  history  " 
(act  i.  1).— Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera 
(1727). 

Filer,  a  lean,  churlish  man,  who 
takes  poor  Toby  Veck's  tripe,  and  delivers 
him  a  homily  on  the  sinfulness  of  luxury 
and  self-indulgence. — C.  Dickens,  Ths 
Chimes  (1844). 

Filia  Doloro'sa,  the  duchess* 
d'Angouleme,  daughter  of  Louis  XVI. 
Also  called  "The  Modem  Antig'one" 
(1778-1851). 

Filio-que,  the  following  knotty 
point  of  theological  controversy  betwef  ■ 
the  Eastern  and  Western  Churches : — Does 
the  Holy  Ghost  proceed  from  the  Father 
ami  the  Sun  (filio-<|iie),  or  from  the  Father 
only.  Of  course,  in  the  Xicene  Creed  in 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  the  question 


FILLAN.  888 


is  Battled  eo  far  as  the  Church  of  England 
is  concerned. 

Fillan,  son  of  Fingal  and  Clatho,  the 
most  highly  finished  cliaracter  in  the 
poem  "i  Zam'ora.  Fillan  was  younger 
than  his  nephew  Oscar,  anddoes  not  appeal 
on  the  scene  till  after  Oscar's  death.  He 
is  rash  and  fiery,  eager  for  military  glory, 
and  brave  as  a  lion.  When  Fugs]  ap- 
pointed Gaul  to  command  for  the  day, 
Fillan  had  hoped  his  father's  choice 
might  have  fallen  to  his  own  lot.  "  On 
his  spear  stood  the  son  of  Clatho  .  .  . 
thrice  he  raised  his  eyes  to  Fingal  ;  his 
voice  thrice  failed  him  as  he  spoke  .  .  . 
He  strode  away  ;  bent  over  a  distant 
stream  .  .  .  the  tear  hung  in  bis  eye. 
lie  struck  at  times  the  thistle's  head  with 
his  inverted  spear."    Yet  showed  he  no 

S'ealousy,  for  when  Gaul  was  in  danger, 
le  risked  his  own  life  to  save  him.  Next 
day  was  Fillan's  turn  to  lead,  and  his 
deeds  were  unrivalled  in  dash  and  bril- 
liancy. He  slew  Foldatli,  the  general  of 
the  opposing  army,  but  when  Cathmor 
"lord  of  Atha,"  the  commander-in-chief, 
came  aguinst  him,  Fillan  fell.  His 
modesty  was  then  as  prominent  as  his 
bravery.  "Lay  me,"  he  said  to  Ossian, 
"in  that  hollow  rock.  Raise  no  Btone 
above  me  ...  I  am  fallen  in  the  first 
of  my  fields,  fallen  without  renown." 
Every  incident  of  Fillan's  life  is  beautiful 
in  the  extreme. — Ossian,  Tcniora,  v. 

Fillpot  (Tob;/),  a  thirsty  old  soul, 
who  "among  jolly  topers  bore  off  the 
bell."  It  chanced  as  in  dog-days  he  sat 
boosing  in  his  arbour,  that  he  died  "full 
as  big  as  a  Dorchester  butt."  His  bod; 
turned  to  clay,  and  out  of  the  clay  a 
brown  jug  wad  made,  sacred  to  friend- 
ship, mirth,  and  mild  ale. 

HL.  N.ly,  when  long  In  the  ground  It  had  tain. 

And  time  into  clay  had  reeolvod  It  axalu, 

A  potter  found  out  Ju  tU  covert  so  snug. 

And  with  part  of  fat  T.l.v  be  formed  thi»  brown  Jug. 

Now  aaered  to  Mandablp,  to  mirth,  and  mild  ale. 

Bo  here'i  to  my  lovely  *vn-i  Kan  "f  tin 

her.  Standi  Pnrtm  (1731-17171 

%*  The  two  best  drinking  songs  in  the 
language  were  both  by  clergymen.  The 
other  is,  J  Cannot  Eat  but  Little  Meat, 
by  John  BULL,  bishop  of  Bath  and  Weill 
(IMS  1007). 

Pilomo'na  (S,mt,i).  At  Pisa  the 
church  of  San  Francisco  contains  a  chapel 
Lately  dedicated  to  Santa  Filomena.  Over 
the  titer  is  a  picture  by  Sabatelli, 

•  nts  Filomena  as  a  nymph-like 
figure  floating  down  from  heaven,  at- 
tended   by   two   angels    bearing    the   lily, 


FINGAL. 

the  palm,  and  a  javelin.  In  the  fore- 
ground are  the  sick  and  maimed,  healed 
by  her  intercession. 

N.ir  ever  ihall  1-  warn  i  . 
The  palm,  the  Illy,  anil  the  .pear: 
The  lyniboU  that  of  yon 

Bl  montei. a  le.re 

M,  W. 


***  Longfellow  calls  Florence  N 
gale   "St.  Filomena"  (born  at  Florence, 
1820). 

Finality  John,  lord  John  1: 
(afterwards  "earl   Bnssell H),  who  main- 
tained that  the  Reform  Bill  of  1832  was  a 
finality  (1792-1878). 

Finch  {Margaret),  ourcn  of  the 
gipsies,  who  died  aged  109,  a.i>.  1740. 
She  was  born  at  Sutton,  in  Kent,  and  was 
buried  atBeckenham,  in  the  same  county. 

Fine-ear,  one  of  the  seven  attend- 
ants of  Fortunio.  He  could  heir  the 
grass  grow,    and    even    the    wool    on    a 

beck. — Comtesse  D' Annoy, 
Tale*  ("  Fortunio,"  1682). 

*«,*  In  Grimms  Oowmi  is  the  same 
fairy  tale  ("  Fortunio"). 

Fin'etor,   a   necromancer,    fal 
the  Enchantress  Damsel. — Vasco  rh 
beira,    Anuviis  dc    (JaiU  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Finetta,  "the  cinder  girl."  a  fairy 
tale    by   the   comtesse   D'Aunoy 
This  is  merely  the  old  tale  of  Cinderella 
slightly  altered.    Finetta  was  the  youngest 
of  three  princesses,  despised  by  them,  and 

put  to  all  sorts  of  menial  work.  1  he  two 
sisters  went  to  balls,  and  left  Finetta  at 
home  in  charge  of  the  house.     One  day 

she    found    a  gold   key,    which    0]  I 

wardrobe  full   of  most   excellent  dn 

so,  arraying  herself  in  one.  shfl   followed 

her  sisters  to  the  ball,  but  she  was  so  See 
that  they  knew  her  not,  and  she  ran 
home  before  them.  This  occurred  two 
or  three  times,  but  at  last,  in  running 
home,  she  lost  one  of  her  ili\  ;  ■  re.  The 
young  prince  resolve. I  to  marry  her  nlone 
whose  foot  fitted  the  slipper,  and  I  > 

became  his  wife.      I'nielt.t  WIS  ill  I 

Auricula  or  "  Fin) 

Fill: 

His  ■  itht  r  »!n  Comhal  or  Comhal,  and 

his  BWvAwf  Moma. 

(Comhal  was  the  son  of  Trathal  king 
of  hfoiren,  and  MonUI  was  Uie  daughter 
of  Thaddu.) 

His  is  Roscrar.a,  moih«r  of 

His  second  was  Clatho,  mothet 
of  F.llan,  etc. 


FINGAL. 


334 


(Roscrana  was  the  daughter  of  Cormac 
I.  third  king  of  Ireland.) 

His  daughter  was  Bosmi'na,  and  his 
tons  Ossian,  Fillan,  Ryno,  and  Fergus. 
(The  son  of  Ossian  was  Oscar.) 

(Fillan  was  younger  than  his  nephew 
Oscar,  and  both,  together  with  Ryno, 
were  slain  in  battle  before  Fingal  died.) 

His  bard  and  herald  was  Ullin.  His 
sword  Luno,  so  called  from  its  maker, 
Luno  of  Lochlin  {Denmark). 

His  kingdom  was  Morven  (the  north- 
west coast  of  Scotland) ;  his  capital  Semo  ; 
his  subjects  were  Caledonians  or  Gaels. 

After  the  restoration  of  Ferad-Artho  to 
the  throne  of  Ireland,  Fingal  "resigned 
his  spear  to  Ossian,"  and  he  died  a.d. 
283. 

Fingal,  an  epic  in  six  books,  by 
Ossian.  The  subject  is  the  invasion  of 
Ireland  by  Swaran  king  of  Lochlin  (Den- 
mark) during  the  reign  of  Cormac  II. 
(a  minor),  and  its  deliverance  by  the  aid 
of  Fingal  king  of  Morven  (north-west 
coast  of  Scotland).  The  poem  opens  with 
the  overthrow  of  Cuthullin  general  of  the 
Irish  forces,  and  concludes  with  the 
return  of  Swaran  to  his  own  land. 

Finger.  "Little  finger  tell  me 
true."  When  M.  Argan  wishes  to  pump 
his  little  daughter  Louison,  respecting  a 
young  gentleman  who  pays  attentions  to 
her  elder  sister,  he  says  to  the  child, 
"  Prenez-y  bien  garde  au  moins ;  car 
voila  un  petit  doigt,  qui  sait  tout,  qui  me 
dira  si  vous  mentez."  When  the  child 
has  told  him  all  she  knows,  he  puts  his 
little  finger  to  his  ear  and  says,  "  Voila 
mon  petit  doigt  pourtant  qui  gronde 
quelque  chose.  Attendez.  He1!  Ah, 
ah !  Oui  ?  Oh,  oh !  voila  mon  petit  doigt, 
qui  me  dit  quelque  chose  que  vous  avez 
vu  et  que  vous  ne  m'avez  pas  dit." 
To  which  the  child  replies,  *'Ah!  mon 
papa,  votre  petit  doigt  est  un  menteur." 
— Moliere,  Le  Malade  Imayinaire,  ii.  11 
(1673). 

Fingers.  In  chiromancy  we  give  the 
thumb  to  Venus,  the  fore-finger  to  Jove, 
the  middie  finger  to  Saturn,  the  ring 
finger  to  Sol,  and  the  little  finger  to  Mer- 
curv. — Ben  Jonson,  The  Alc/iemtst,  i.  2 
fl6i0). 

Finis  Poloniae.  These  words  are  at- 
tributed (but  without  sufficient  authority) 
to  Koscziusko  the  Pole,  when  he  lay 
wounded  by  the  balls  of  SuwarofFs 
troops  on  the  field  of  Maciejowieze 
(October  10,  1794). 


FIR-BOLG. 

Perce  de  coup?,  Koacriusko  s"ecria  en  tombant  "  Finis 
Polemic" — Michaud.  Blopraphit  t'ntrerseW*. 

Finlayson  (Luckie),  landlady  of  the 
lodgings  in  the  Canongate  of  Edin- 
burgh.— Sir  W.  Scott,  (ruy  Mannering 
(time,  George  II.). 

Fin'niston  (Duncan),  a  tenant  of  the 
laird  of  Gudgeonford. 

Luckie  Finniston,  wife  of  Duncan. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George 
II.). 

Fion  (son  of  Comnal),  an  enormoui 
giant,  who  could  place  one  foot  on  mount 
Cromleach,  in  Ulster,  and  the  other  on 
mount  Crommal  close  by,  and  then  dip 
his  hand  in  the  river  Lubar,  which  rau 
between. 

With  one  foot  on  the  Crommal  set  and  one  on  mount 

Cromleach, 
The  waters  of  the  Lubar  stream  hU  giant  nana  could 

reach. 

Translation  of  tht  OatUe. 

Fiona,  a  series  of  traditionary  old 
Irish  poems  on  the  subject  of  Fion 
M  'Comnal  and  the  heroes  connected  with 
him. 

Fionnuala,  daughter  of  Lir.  Being 
transformed  into  a  swan,  she  was  doomed 
to  wander  over  the  lakes  and  rivers  of 
Ireland  till  the  Irish  became  Christians, 
but  the  sound  of  the  first  mass  bell  in  the 
island  was  to  be  the  signal  of  her  release. 

Silent,  O  Moyle,  be  the  roar  of  thy  water  [Countp 

Tyrone]  .   .   . 
While  murmuring  mournfully  Llr'i  lonely  daughter 

Tells  to  the  night-star  her  tale  of  woes. 
When  shall  the  "Swan,"  her  death-note  singing. 

Sleep  with  wings  in  dvkness  furled! 
When  will  heaven,  Its  sweet  "  bell "  ringing. 
Call  my  spirit  from  this  stormy  world f 
T.  Moore,  Jritn  Mclodict.  lr.  ("Tba  Song  of  Ftonnuaji  L 

Fips  (Mr.),  a  sedate,  mysterious  per- 
sonage, living  in  an  office  in  Austin  Friare 
(London).  He  is  employed  by  some  un- 
known benefactor  (either  John  Westiock 
or  old  Martin  Chuzzlewit)  to  engage  Tom 
Pinch  at  a  weekly  salary  as  librarian  to 
the  Temple  Library. — C.  Dickens,  Martin 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Fir-bolg  (i.e.  bowmen,  from  bolg,  "  a 
quiver"),  a  colony  of  Belgaefrom  Britain, 
led  by  Larthon  to  Ireland  and  settled  in 
the  southern  parts  of  the  island.  Their 
chief  was  called  "lord  of  Atha"  (a 
country  of  Connaught),  and  thence  Ire- 
land was  called  Bolga.  Somewhat  later 
a  colony  of  Caledonians  from  the  western 
coast  of  Scotland  settled  in  the  northern 
parts  of  Ireland,  and  made  Ulster  theif 
head -quarters.  When  Crotha  was  "  lord 
of  Atha"  he  carried  off  Con  lama 
(daughter  of  the  Gael  chief)   \>y  force* 


FIRE  A  GOOD  SERVANT,  ETC.      336 


FISH. 


and  a  genoral  war  between  the  two  races 
ensued.  The  Gee]  were  reduced  to  the 
but  extremity,  and  sent  to  Trathal  (grand- 
father of  Fingal)  for  aid.  Trathal  ac- 
cordingly sent  over  Conar  with  an  army, 
and  on  his  reaching  Ulster  he  was  made 
"  king  of  the  Cad"  by  acclamation.  He 
utterly  subdued  the  Fir-bolg,  and  assumed 
the  title  of  "  king  of  Ireland  ;  "  but  the 
Fir-bolg  often  rose  in  insurrection,  and 
made  many  attempts  to  expel  the  race  of 
<  kmar. — Ossian. 

Fire  a  Good  Servant,  but  Bad 
Master. 

For  fire  and  people  doe  In  this  agree. 
They  both  good  »enranta,  both  ill  masters  he. 
Lord  Brooke,  hujuiiition  upon  fame,  tic.  (1&54-16S8). 

Fire-Brand  of  France  (The), 
John  duke  of  Bedford,  regent  of  France 
(1389-1435). 

Jahn  duke  of  Bedford,  styled  "  The  Fire-brand  of  France." 
Drayton,  Polyoibion,  xvili.  (loU). 

Fire-drake,  a  fire  which  flies  in 
the  night,  like  a  dragon.  Metaphorically 
it  means  a  spitfire,  an  irritable,  passionate 
person. 

Common  people  think  the  fire-drake  to  be  a  snirlt  that 
keoprth  tome  hid  treasure,  but  philosophers  affirm  it  to 
be  a  great  unequal  exhalation  inflamed  between  two 
clouds,  the  one  hot  ami  Hie  other  cold,  which  Is  the  reason 
that  It  smoketh.  The  middle  part  .  .  .  balna  natto 
than  the  rest,  m.iketh  It  seeme  like  a  hellle,  ami  the  two 
ends  are  like  unto  a  head  and  Uule.— Buliokar,  XxyuiUur 
11616). 

Fire-new,  i.e.  bran-new  {brennan, 
"to  burn,"  brcne,  "shining"). 

Your  fire-new  stamp  of  honour  is  scarce  current. 

Bhakexpeare.  Aicaorrf  111.  act  L  sc.  3  116V7). 

Firc-UZ  Schah,  son  and  heir  of  the 
lung  of  Persia.  One  New  Year's  Day  an 
Indian  brought  to  the  king  an  enchanted 
horse,  which  would  convey  the  rider 
almost  instantaneously  anywhere  he 
might  wish  to  go  to  ;  and  asked,  as  the 
price  thereof,  the  lung's  daughter  for  Ins 
wife.  Prince  Firouz,  mounting  the  hone 
to  try  it,  was  carried  to  Bengali  and  there 
fell  in  love  with  the  princess,  who  accom- 
panied him  buck  to  Persia  on  the  hone. 
\\  hen  the  king  saw  his  son  arrive  safe 
and  sound,  he  dismissed  the  Indian  dis- 
courteously ;  but  the  Indian  caught  up) 
t>e  princess,  and,  mounting  the  horse, 
Conveyed  her  to  Cashmere.  She  was 
n-.u.sl  by  the  sultan  of  Cashmere,  who 
rut  off  the  Indian's  head,  and  pp 
marriage  himself  to  the  princess.  To 
avoid  this  alliance,  the  princes!  pretended 
to  be  mad.  The  .sultan  sent  for  his  physi- 
cians, but  they  could  suggest  DO  eure. 
At  length  came  one  who  promised  t«>  cure 
th«  lady  ;  it  was  priuce  Firoui  iu  disguise. 


lie  told  the  sultan  that  the  princess  had 
contracted  enchantment  from  the  horee, 
and  must  be  set  on  it  to  disenchant  her. 
Accordingly,  she  was  set  on  the  horse, 
and  while  rirouz  caused  a  thick  cl 
■moke  to  arise,  he  mounted  with  the  lady 
through    the   air,    saving    as    lie    d 

"Sultan  of  Cashmere,  when  you  would 

espouse   a  princess  who  craves   your  pro- 
tection, first  learn  to  obtain  hi 
— Arabvin     Ay/i(a      ("The     Enchanted 
Horse  "). 

First    Gentleman    of  Europe, 
George  IV.  (1762,  1820-1880). 

Louis  d'Artois  of  France  was  so  called 
also. 

The  "  First  Gentleman  of  Europe'  had  not  yet  quite  loet 
bis  once  elegant  figure.— K.  Vales,  CtUtrnii.t,  i\  n. 

First    Grenadier     of    France. 

Latour  d' A  u  verge  was  so  called  by  Na- 
poleon (1743-1800). 

First  Love,  a  comedy  by  Richard 

Cumberland  (  L796).    Frederick  Mowbray's 

first  love,  being  dowerlees,   marries  the 
wealthy  lord  Ruby,  who  soon  dies,  !• 
all  his  fortune  to  his  widow.  In  thi  I 

time,  Frederick  goes  abroad,  and  at  Padua 
falls    in  with  Sabina  Roeny,  who 
him  through  a  se\  I,  for  which 

he  thinks  he  is  bound  in  honour  to  marry 
her.  She  comes  with  him  to  England, 
and   is   placed  under  the  charge   of  lady 

Ruby.  Sabina  tells  lady  Ruby  she  can- 
not marry  Frederick,  because  she  is  mar- 
ried already  to  lord  Sensitive,  and 
if  it  were  not  so,  she  could  not  marry 
him,  for  all  his  affections  are  with  lady 
Ruby  ;  this  she  discovered  in  the  delirium 
of  the  Noting  man,  when  his  whole  talk 
was  about  her  ladyship.    In  the  end,  lord 

Sensitive  avows  himself  the  husband  ol 

Saluna,  and  Frederick  marries  his  first 
love. 

Fish  (OtM-eystQ,  in  the  mere  of  Snow- 
donia  or  the  Snowdon  group. 

Bnowdoa  .  .  .  his  pn>j*r  merr  .b>i  Mtj  .  .  . 

That  pool  In  which  .  n-h  are  f.-ood. 

Draiton.  /•,.;>uv;«m.  ti 

Fish.      All'3  fish  i  sV)  ".'/  'It-'. 

All's  Bab  Ihrr  pt,  lhal  ciorih  to  net 

T.  1'uMtT.   firf  HunJr*t  I'  *n!t  n<  0~d 
KulkliiJr,.   Ill    . 
Al  Is  fl.br  th.-it  OeOSjtfa  lo  the  net 

.wigue.  7  ».  MttJt  <.,.u  Idled  157T1 

lie  cats   no   fish,  that    is,    "he    i»   no 
p«|  ist,"  "  he  is  tg  honest  man,  or  MM  to 

be  trusted."     In  the  reign  of  queen  : 

beth   papists   were  the  enemies    of   the 
rent,  and  hence  one  who  did  not 

eat   Bar.,   like  a  papist,  on  fa* i  days  wad 


FISH  AND  THE  RING. 


336 


FIVE  WITS. 


considered  a  protestant,  and  friend  to  the 
Government. 

I  do  profess  ...  to  serre  him  truly  that  will  put  me  In 
trust  .  .  .  and  to  eat  no  fish. — Shakespeare,  King  Lear, 
act  1.  sc  4  (1605). 

Fish  and  the  Ring. 

1.  Pciycrates,  being  too  fortunate,  was 
advised  to  cast  away  something  he  most 
highly  prized,  and  threw  into  the  sea  an 
engraved  gem  of  great  value.  A  few 
days  afterwards  a  fish  came  to  his  table, 
and  in  it  was  this  very  gem. — Herodotus, 
iii.  40. 

2.  A  certain  queen,  having  formed  an 
illicit  attachment  to  a  soldier,  gave  him  a 
ring  which  had  been  the  present  of  her 
husband.  The  king,  being  apprized  there- 
of, got  possession  of  the  ring  while  the 
soldier  was  asleep,  threw  it  into  the  sea, 
and  then  asked  his  queen  to  bring  it  him. 
In  great  alarm,  she  went  to  St.  Kentigern 
and  told  him  everything.  The  saint  went 
to  the  Clyde,  caught  a  salmon  with  the 
ring  in  its  mouth,  and  gave  it  to  the 
queen,  who  thus  saved  her  character  and 
her  husband.  This  legend  is  told  about 
the  Glasgow  arms. 

3.  The  arms  of  dame  Rebecca  Berry, 
wife  of  sir  Thomas  Elton,  Stratford-le- 
Bow,  to  be  seen  at  St.  Dunstan's  Church, 
Stepney.  The  tale  is  that  a  knight,  hear- 
ing the  cries  of  a  woman  in  labour,  knew 
that  the  infant  was  destined  to  become 
his  wife.  He  tried  to  elude  his  destiny, 
and,  when  the  infant  had  grown  to  woman- 
hood, threw  a  ring  into  the  sea,  command- 
ing the  damsel  never  to  see  his  face  again 
till  she  could  produce  the  ring  which  he 
had  cast  away.  In  a  few  days  a  cod-fish 
was  caught,  and  the  ring  was  found  in  its 
mouth.  The  young  woman  producing  the 
ring,  the  marriage  was  duly  consummated. 
— Romance  of  London. 

Fisher  (Ralph),  assistant  of  Roland 
Graeme,  at  Aveuel  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Fitz-Boo'dle  (George),  a  pseudonym 
assumed  by  Thackeray  in  Eraser's  Maga- 
zine (1811-1863). 

Fitz-Fulke  (Hebe  duchess  of),  a 
"  gracious,  graceful,  graceless  grace  " 
(canto  xvi.  49),  staying  with  lord  and 
lady  Amundeville  (4  syl.),  while  don 
Juan  "the  Russian  envoy"  was  their 
guest.  Don  Juan  fancied  he  saw  in  the 
night  the  apparition  of  a  monk,  which 

Eroduced  such  an  effect  on  his  looks  and 
ehaviour  as  to  excite  attention.  When 
the  cause  of  his  perturbation  was  known, 
lady  Adeline  sang  to  him  a  tale  purport- 


ing to  explain  the  apparition  ;  but  "  her 
frotic  grace"  at  night  personated  the 
ghost  to  carry  on  the  joke.  She  was, 
however,  discovered  by  don  Juan,  who 
was  resolved  to  penetrate  the  mystery. 
With  this  discovery  the  sixteenth  and 
last  book  of  Don  Juan  ends. — Byron,  Don 
Juan  (1824). 

Fitzurse  (Lord  Waldemar),  a  baron 
in  the  suite  of  prince  John  of  Anjou 
(brother  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion). — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Lvanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Five,  says  Pythagoras,  "has  peculiar 
force  in  expiations.  It  is  everything. 
It  stops  the  power  of  poisons,  and  is  re- 
doubted by  evil  spirits.  Unity  or  the 
monad  is  deity,  or  the  first  cause  of  all 
things — the  good  principle.  Two  or  the 
dgad  is  the  symbol  of  diversity — the  evil 
principle.  Three  or  the  triad  contains 
the  mystery  of  mysteries,  for  even-thing 
is  composed  of  three  substances.  It  re- 
presents God,  the  soul  of  the  world,  and 
the  spirit  of  man.  Five  is  2  +  3,  or  the 
combination  of  the  first  of  the  equals 
and  the  first  of  the  unequals,  hence  also 
the  combination  of  the  good  and  evil 

?owers  of  nature." — Pythagoras,  On  the 
'entad. 

Five  Kings  of  France,  the  five 
directors  (1795). 

The  five  kings  of  France  sit  In  their  curule  chairs  with 
their  flesh-coloured  breeches  and  regal  man  ties.—  A  lalitr 
du  l.ys.  ii. 

Five  Points  of  Doctrine  (The): 

(1)  Predestination  or  particular  election  ; 

(2)  Irresistible  grace  ;  (3)  Original  sin  or 
the  total  depravity  of  the  natural  man  ; 
(4)  Particular  redemption  ;  and  (5)  The 
final  perseverance  of  the  saints.  The  Cal- 
vinists  believe  the  affirmative  of  all  these 
five  points. 

Five-pound  Note.  De  Quincy 
tried  in  vain  to  raise  the  loan  of  half  a 
crown  on  the  security  of  a  five-pound 
note. 

Five  Wits  (T7ie):  common  wit, 
imagination,  fantasy,  estimation,  and 
memory. 

1.  Common  wit  is  that  inward  sense 
which  judges  what  the  five  senses  simply 
discern :  thus  the  eye  sees,  the  nose 
smells,  the  ear  hears,  and  so  on,  but  it 
is  "common  wit"  that  informs  the  brain 
and  passes  j  udgment  on  the  goodness  or 
badness  of  these  external  matters. 

2.  Imagination  works  on  the  mind, 
causing  it  to  realize  what  has  been  pre- 
sented to  it. 


FLA  i 


887 


8.  Fantas;/  encrpi/.ea  the  Bind  to  art  in 
Meofdanot  witb  the  judgment  thai  pro- 
nounced. 

4.  Estimation  d«eidoi  nn  nil  matters 
jjcrtuinin^  tn  ti u: <■,  space,  h.cality,  re- 
lation, Mid  10  on. 

6.  Memory  enable!  the  mind  to  i 
tin.-  recollection  of  w  hal  has  been  imputed. 

Thrtc  i  I  wHy — 

Fin*  "OuWO*  ii   Will*.'    .\'i  .   '  ifuli," 

"Fasti  Unaljr, 

Amt 
fti-lihcii  il/nr*.  l»»/',ii»  -tymeo.f  IHtlurt.  lllr  .(IMS). 

Flaceus,   Horace    the   Roman 

r  full  name  wat  Quintal  Uorfttiua 

I'lin-i-us  (b.0.  85  -  . 
Fladdock  (General),  a  friend  of  the 

Rorril  lamily  in  America,  ami,  like  them, 
titles  ati.l    aria)  cracy. — C 
Dickens,  Martin  CknutMltwH  (1844). 

Flaq;s. 

I'.  w\m:s  of  saints  ami  images  arc 
smaller  tlian  standard*,  and  not  slit  at  the 
extremity. 

4  Bannert  contain  the  royal  coat 
of  arms. 

Bahxbholb,  bannen  of  neat  width; 

they  represent  alliances  and  deft  ent. 

Thnnons,    imaller     than    standards. 

They  are  rounded  at  the   extremity  and 
charged  with  arms. 

1'iN-iiH.  small  Haps  shaped  like  the 
van.  s  which  lunnount  pinnacles. 

WIlAKMS 

than  harncra. 

The  Royal  BrititK  Standard  has  three 
red  and  one  hlue  quaiti  •  t  and 

third  quarter!    contain    three   ieoparded 
liona,  the  second  quarter  the  thii 

t'id,    nmt    the    fourth    the    harp    of 
Ireland. 

Jaek  is  a  hlue  flag  with 

:  M)  St.  <  ieorjjc a  en 

Irew'i 

.ml  ;    (.1)  St. 
1'atri.  ■  '  for  Ireland. 

In  all  other  t!a.-s  containing  the  "  Union 
•lack,"  the  Ja<  k  i  .  i<<  the  first 

ir  a  part  th< 
I  which 

M  .« 

*  '.,  when  he  attacked  the  >-a 

Oriande  la   !•■•.     The  sword   was   made 

■ 
Moutnn  nont   ft  de 

rmer. 

A  Ulkativ  ••   n<  ighlxmr   •  •(    1  '■ 

.     »•      •'     W 

■Meats  "in  of  hi    ..  iughter». 

I  I 


pinn 
Staxi>ai;i>h,    much    l.ir.-er  and   longei 


i  ftu+rhtera  »f 

inner.    Their  homeliness  entrants 

well  with  t'  lehioa 

intr...! 
smitii, 

• 
ami  dnuruU    I 

Flanim.  .'■  " 

lie  m 

a  you-..  i'i  with  a  vivid  im 

tion,  small   income,  and   hug! 

Belby,  Tht  I 

Flammock 
soldier  and  burgeai  at  the  castle  of  i 
Doloun 

■  . .  .  .  ■ ' 

Wilkin  Flammocl . 
Eveline.  -Mr   W.    - 

ilenry  II.). 
Flanders  (J/V/),  a  worm 
ordinary   beauty,    born    in    old    i 

a  wife,  twi 

■ 

II. — 1' 

Fla8h^,i;,'",").ah;  nrllv 

■ 
and  wars."       In  the  Fl 

tended   to  he  si. 
ditch,  ami  thanes  t->   Bngle 
captal  I  bin  pa] 

M  i  ai   I 

..;.     his 
s«  .rd,"  and  ad.. 

I   t*  tht  clour  at  jmir  ■-! 

■ 

... 

aptain  "  in 

and  I 

•••»  Hit 

'  Bimplic 

pIl.'ltN 

C.dle\    I 

.       '■ 
I  . 

spud  poetsros  adalab  rii  I  • 

-■—m  U 

...111.  1        WUIK    >MW_ 


FLAVIUS. 


338 


FLIBBERTIGIBBET. 


Fla'viua,  the  faitliful,  honest  steward 
of  Timon  the  man-hater. — Shakespeare, 
Timon  of  Athens  (1600). 

Fle'ance  (2  syl.),  son  of  Banquo. 
After  the  assassination  of  his  father  he 
escaped  to  Wales,  where  he  married  the 
daughter  of  the  reigning  prince,  and  had 
a  son  named  Walter.  This  Walter  after- 
wards became  lord  high  steward  of  Scot- 
land, and  called  himself  Walter  the 
Steward.  From  him  proceeded  in  a  direct 
line  the  Stuarts  of  Scotland,  a  royal  line 
which  gave  James  VI.  of  Scotland  and 
I.  of  England.  —  Shakespeare,  Macbeth 
(1606). 

(Of  course,  this  must  not  be  looked  on 
as  history.  Historically,  there  was  no 
such  person  as  Banquo,  and  therefore  this 
descent  from  Fleance  is  mere  fable.) 

Flecknoe  (Richard),  poet-laureate  to 
Charles  II.,  author  of  dramas,  poems,  and 
other  works.  As  a  poet,  his  name  stands 
on  a  level  with  Bavius  and  Majvius. 
Dryden  says  of  him  : 

...  he  reigned  without  dispute 
Thro'  all  the  realm*  of  nonsense  absolute. 

Dryden,  srrucno*  (1682). 

(It  was  not  Flecknoe  but  Shadwell  that 
Dryden  wished  to  castigate  in  this  satire. 
The  offence  was  that  Dryden  was  re- 
moved from  the  post  of  laureate,  and 
Shadwell  appointed  in  his  place.  The 
angry  ex-laureate  says,  with  more  point 
than  truth,  that  "  Shadwell  never  deviates 
into  sense.") 

FledgeTjy  (2  syl.),  an  over-reaching, 
cowardly  sneak,  who  conceals  his  dirty 
bill-broking  under  the  trade-name  of 
Pubsey  and  Go.  He  is  soundly  thrashed 
by  Alfred  Lammle,  and  quietly  pockets 
the  affront. — C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual 
Friend  (1864). 

Fleece  of  Gold  (Order  of  the),  in- 
stituted in  1430,  by  Philippe  de  Bour- 
gogne,  surnamed  Le  Bon. 

Stately  dames,  like  queens  attended,  knights  who  bore  the 
Fleece  of  Gold. 

Longfellow,  Belfry  of  Bruges. 

Fleecebum'pkin  (3  syl.),  bailiff 
of  Mr.  Ireby,  the  country  squire. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Two  JJrovcrs  (time,  George 
III.). 

Fleece'em  (Mrs.),  meant  for  Mrs. 
Rudd,  a  smuggler,  thief,  milliner,  match- 
muker,  and  procuress. — Sam.  Foote,  The 
Cozeners. 

Fleetwood  or  The  New  Man  of 
Feelinij,  the  hero  of  a  novel  so  named  by 
W.  Godwin  (1805). 


Flem'ing  (Archdeacon),  the  clergy- 
man to  whom  old  Meg  Murdochson  made 
her  confession. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  11.). 

Fleming  (Sir  Malcolm),  a  former 
suitor  of  lady  Margaret  de  Hautlieu.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dangerous  (time, 
Henry  I.). 

Fleming  (Lady  Mary),  one  of  the 
maids  of  honour  to  Mary  queen  of  Scots 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Fleming  (Rose),  niece  of  Mrs.  Maylie. 
Rose  marries  her  cousin  Harry  Maylie. 

She  was  part  17.  Cart  In  so  slight  and  exquisite  a 
mould,  so  mild  and  gentle,  so  pure  and  beautiful,  thai 
earth  seemed  nut  her  uleinent.  not  its  rough  creatures  her 
fit  companions.  The  very  Intelligence  that  shone  In  hei 
deep  blue  eye  .  .  .  seemed  scarcely  ...  of  the  world,  and 
yul  the  changing  expression  of  sweetness  and  good-humour, 
the  thousand  lights  that  played  about  the  face  .  .  .  above 
all  the  smile,  Use  cheerful,  happy  smile,  were  made  for 
home  and  tireride  p.;ice  and  happiness. — C.  DickciM, 
Oliver  Tivul,  xxix.  (1S37). 

Flemish  School  (The),  a  school 
of  painting  commencing  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  with  the  brothers  Van  Eyok. 
The  chief  early,  masters  were  Memling, 
Wcyden,  Matsys,  Mabus,  and  More. 
The  chief  of  the  second  period  were 
Rubens,  Vandyck,  Snyders,  Jordaens, 
Gaspar  de  Crayer,  and  the  younger 
Teniers. 

Fleshly  School  ( The),  a  class  of  Brit- 
ish poets  of  which  Swinburne,  Rossetti, 
Morris,  etc.,  are  exponents ;  so  called 
from  the  sensuous  character  of  their 
poetry. 

%*  It  was  Thomas  Maitland  [i.e.  R. 
W.  Buchanan]  who  first  gave  them  this 
appellation  in  the  Contemporary  Review. 

Fletcher  (Dick),  one  of  the  crew  of 
the  pirate  vessel. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Rirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Fleur  de  Marie,  the  betrothed  of 
captain  Phoebus. — Victor  Hugo,  Notre 
Dame  de  Fans  (1831). 

Fleurant,  an  apothecary.  He  hies 
into  a  rage  because  Bc'ralde  (2  syl.)  says 
to  his  brother,  "  Remettez  cela  a  une  fois, 
et  demeurez  un  peu  en  repos."  The 
apothecary  flares  out,  "  De  quoi  vous 
mtilez  vous  de  vous  opposer  aux  ordon- 
nances  de  la  me'decine  .  .  je  vais  dire  a 
Monsieur  Purgon  coinme  on  m'a  em- 
peche  d'executer  sea  ordres  .  .  .  Vous 
verrez,  vous  verrez." — Molicre,  Le  Malade 
Jmaginaire  (1673). 

Flibrbertigibrbet,    the    fiend    that 


FLIBBERTIGIBBET. 


839 


FLORA. 


gives  man  the  mjuint  eye  and  harelip, 
semis  mildews  ami  blight,  etc. 

ThU  U  the  Mm  Jl.lK-t  .  .  .  he  RlTr»  il.o 

!L^4i^j  -</  gjb4  ,-v  l.  Riulnti  ' 
uul  n.iU.*  U»hare4lp;  ;>.«•,  mUdewiUM  wtall 
■  ml  hurt*  the  \»vt   culture   of   cjjXu. — A/>h/  A*»r,  act 
111.  «c  4  (1806L 

*,*  Shakespeare  got  this  name  from 
bishop  Harenett'a    i 

fmpottwrea,  where  Flibberdigibet  is  one 
of  the  fiends  which  the  Jesuits,  cast  out  of 
Mr.  Edmund  Peckham. 

Fiit>'f>crtijilj'bet  or  "  Dickie  Sludge," 
the  dwari  grandson  of  Gammer  Sludge 
[landlady  of  Erasmus  Holiday,  the 
schoolmaster  in  the  Tale  of  Win! 
In  the  entertainment  given  by  the  earl 
of  Leicester  to  queen  Elizabeth,  Dickon 

Sludge  acts  the  part  of  an  imp.— Sir  \V. 

Scott,  Kemlvoorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Flint  (Lord),  chief  minister  of  state 
to  one  of  the  sultans  of  India.  He  had 
the  enviable  faculty  of  a  very  short 
memory  irhen  he  did  not  choose  t"  recol- 
lect. "My  people  know,  no  doubt,  but 
1  cannot  recollect,"  was  his  stock  phrase. 
— Mrs.  Inchbald,  8uoh  Things  Art 

Flint,  jailer  in  The  Deserter,  a  musical 
drama  by  Dibdin  (177oj. 

/■'  mi  |  Sir  '  '.'■  swat),  a  very  kind-hearted, 
ganerous  old  bachelor,  who  "trusts  no 
one,"  and  though  he  professes  his  un- 
doubted belief  to  be  "that  self  is  the 
predominant  principle  of  the  human 
mind,"  is  never  so  happy  as  when  doing 
nn  unselfish  and  generous  act.  He  settles 
■  year  on  the  young  lord  Gayville, 
his  nephew,  that  he  may  marry  Mi.-s 
Alton,  the  lady  of  diis  choice  ;  and  says, 
"In  reward  the  deserving,  and  make 
those  we  love  happy,  is  self-interest  in 
Ktreme." — General  Burgoyne,  The 
Heirtet  (1781). 

Flint  Jack,   Edward  Simpson,  who 
to    tramp    the    kingdom,  vending 

Spnrioui     timt     arrow-  ;  |  -,     and 

other   imitation    antiquities.     In    ; 
imprisoned  tor  t 

Flippan'ta,    an     intriguing     lady's- 
maid,  of    Mii.   i  ]       -it.     She 
is  in  tbt  W  T\  ice   of   '  !lari  Ua,  and  aids  her 
in   all   her  I  John   \  anbrugh, 
1696). 

I  mm  Mix  r.'i»  f,.r  Um  mood  tlni*  In  tl.i>  >o»r  \T»\  In 
,  >nl&"- Jmih'j  8 

Flito    (  '•' 

1    woman,    w  ho    has    lost    1  • 
through    the     "laws    delay." 
always  haunting  Lhc  Courts  of  Chancery 


with   "her  documents,"  hoping  a.   iasj 
' !   receive   a  judgnf  at- 
— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House,  iv.  (] 

FlockTiart  j  Wide   I,  lai 
lodgings  in  I 

ley  and  M i\ .T  dine  ■  ith  I 
Bradwardine    (8    tyl.). — Sir    W.    S 

II. j. 

Flogged  by  Deputy.    The  n 
•i.  /  forbade  tne  tutor  of  his 

ral  punishment  of  any 
kind,  BO  the  tutor  hit  upon  ti 
intimidate    the    boy  ■     he    flogged    a    lail 
named  Raphael,   brought  up  with 

■    playmate,    whenever    that 
young  nobleman    deserved   punisl 
This  produced  an  excellent  effect;  but 
Kaphael  did  not 
away.  —  Le  •  L  (1724). 

Flollo  or  Flollio,  a  Roman  tribune, 
who  hi  of  Gaul  under  the 

emperor  Leo.     When  king  Arthur  in 

Gaul,    the    tribune    fled  which 

Arthur  I  and    Hollo  prop 

decide  the  quarrel  by  single  combat.    To 
this   Arthur  ft   with    his 

sword  Caliburn  both  the  helmet  a: 
of  his  adversary.     Having  made  ' 

master  of  all  Gaul,  king  Arthur  I  • 
court  at   Paris.— Geoffrey,    British  Hit- 
.  ix.  11  (1143). 

And  nfler  tl.rse  .   .  . 

At  Pirn*.  In  II. r  UfU  [A  rtXur)  with  FTotno  f  ought : 

The  t'liijKjror  Levi,  t  j..»rr  t..  nu<  I  .»  •     .  i 

L»r»jtou.  rotation.  Il 

Flor  and   Blanchofl'  . 
of  a  minnesong  by  Conrad  Fle<  k.  at  one 

time  immensely  popular,      li 
of  two  children  who  fall  in  love  witl 
other.      There  i*  a  good  deal 
tenderness    in   the  tale,    with   an    abund- 
:'   trash.      Flor,  the  son   of    i 

Blancnefloi 

children  lova  each  other,  but 

Blancheflor  I 

■ 
he  finds  in  Bab) 

sultan,    who 

rlden  in  a  ' 
of  ros<  -  ;   but  tl  ■  rs  him, 

and  is  about 

i  human  gentler  I 

return 
..n,    find    I  •  .    mid    many 

(four'.  .ry). 

Flo  r  i .  In  natural 

history  all  the  tl.  I<  j  r 

ductii  as  of  s  an  c*U«J 


FLORA. 


840 


FLORESKI. 


its  flora,  and  all  its  animal  productions 
its  fauna. 

Flora,  the  waiting-woman  ot  donr.a 
Violante.  In  love  with  Lissado,  the  valet 
of  don  Felix. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  The 
Wonder  (1714). 

Mrs.  Mattocks's  was  the  most  affecting  theatrira!  leare- 
fcikinK  we  ever  witnessed.  Tlic  part  she  ch.se  was 
M  Flora,"  to  Cook's  "don  Felix."  whiih  she  played  with 
all  the  freshness  and  spirit  of  a  woman  in  her  prime. — 
The  Kme  Monthly  (1828). 

Flora,  the  niece  of  old  Farmer  Freehold. 
She  is  a  great  beauty,  and  captivates 
llcartwell,  who  marries  her.  The  two 
are  so  well  assorted  that  their  "  best  love 
is  after  their  espousals." — John  Philip 
Kemble,  The  Fat  m-house. 

Floranthe  (Donna),  a  lady  beloved 
by  Octavian.  Octavian  goes  mad  because 
he  fancies  Florantlie  is  untrue  to  him, 
but  Roque,  a  blunt,  kind-hearted  servitor, 
assures  him  he  is  mistaken,  and  per- 
suades him  to  return  home.— -G.  Colnian, 
Octavian  (1824). 

Flor'delice  (3  syl.),  the  mistress  of 
Bran'dimart  (king  of  the  Distant  Islands). 
■ — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Flordespi'na,  daughter  of  Mar- 
siglio. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Florence,  Mrs.  Spencer  Smith, 
daughter  of  baron  Herbert  the  Austrian 
ambassador  in  England.  She  was  hern 
at  Constantinople,  during  her  father's 
residence  in  that  city.  Byron  made  her 
acquaintance  in  Malta,  but  Thomas  Moore 
thinks  his  devotion  was  more  imaginary 
than  real.  In  a  letter  to  his  mother,  his 
lordship  says  he  "  finds  her  [Florence] 
very  pretty,  very  accomplished,  and  ex- 
tremely eccentric." 

Thou  mavst  find  a  new  Calypso  there. 
Fweet  Florence,  could  another  ever  share 
This  waiward.  loveless  heart,  it  would  he  thine. 

lijron,  t'l.itde  Uaroia,  h.  30  11810). 

Florence  (The  German),  Dresden,  also 
called  "  The  Florence  of  the  North." 

Florent  or  Florentius,  a  knight  who 
promised  to  marry  a  deformed  and  ugly 
bag,  who  taught  him  the  solution  of  a 
riddle. — Gower,  Confessio  Anuintis,  i. 
(1393). 

"  The  Wife  of  Bath's  Tale,"  in  Chau- 
cer's Canterbury  Tales,  is  the  same  story. 
The  ugly  old  hag  becomes  converted 
Into  a  beautiful  young  princess,  and 
"Florent"  is  called  "one  of  Arthur's 
knights"  (1388). 

Florentine  Diamond  (The),  the 
fourth  largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world. 


It  weighs  139i  carats,  and  was  the  largest 
diamond  belonging  to  Charles  "the 
Fold,"  duke  of  Burgundy.  It  was  picked 
up  by  a  Swiss  peasant,  who  sold  it  to  a 
priest  for  half  a  crown.  The  priest  sold 
it  for  £200,  to  Bartholomew  May  of  Berne. 
It  subsequently  came  into  the  hands  of 
pope  Julius  II.,  and  the  pope  gave  it  to 
the  emperor  of  Austria.    (See  Diamonds.) 

Flores  or  Isle  of  Flowers,  one  of 
the  Azores  (2  syt.).  It  was  discovered  in 
1439  by  Yanderberg,  and  is  especially 
celebrated  because  it  was  near  this  isle  that 
sir  Richard  Grenville,  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Elizabeth,  fought  his  famous  sea-tight. 
He  had  only  one  ship  with  a  hundred 
men,  and  was  opposed  by  the  Spanish  fleet 
of  lifty-thrce  men-of-war.  For  some  hours 
victory  was  doubtful,  and  when  sir 
Milliard  was  severely  wounded,  h« 
wanted  to  sink  the  ship ;  but  the  Spaniards 
hoarded  it,  complimented  him  on  his 
In  roie  conduct,  and  he  died.  As  the  ship 
(  The  Revenge)  was  on  its  way  to  Spain, 
it  was  wrecked,  and  went  to  the  bottom, 
so  it  never  reached  Spain  after  all. 
Tennvson  has  a  poem  on  the  subject 
(1878). 

Flo'res  (2  syl.),  the  lover  of  Blanchefleur. 
— Boccaccio,  //  Filocopo  (1340). 

%*  Boccaccio  has  repeated  the  tale  in 
his  Decameron,  x.  6  (13.V2),  in  which 
Flores  is  called  "  Ansaldo,"  and  Blanche- 
tleur  "  Diano'ra."  Flores  and  Blanche- 
fleur, before  Boccaccio's  time,  were  noted 
lovers,  and  are  mentioned  as  early  as 
1288  by  olatfree  Eymengau  de  Bezers,  in 
his  lirt  viari  d Amor. 

Chancer  has  taken  the  same  story  as 
the  oasis  of  the  Frankelein's  Tale,  and 
Bojardo  has  introduced  it  as  an  episode  in 
his  Orlando  Innamorato,  where  the  lover 
is  "  Irasildo  "  and  the  lady  "Tisbina." 
(See  Pkasii.do.) 

The  chroniclers  of  Charlemagne, 
of  Merlin,  and  tfie  Mort  d  Arthur*. 
MiiiKlct  togeUier  In  his  hrain. 
WIUi  lata  of  Flores  and  Blanchefleur. 

Ix>ngfellow. 

FloresTci  (Count),  a  Pole,  in  love 
with  princess  Lodois'ka  (4  syl.).  At  the 
opening  of  the  play  he  is  travelling  with 
his  servant  Yarbel  to  discover  where  the 
princess  has  been  placed  by  her  father 
during  the  war.  lie  falls  in  with  the 
Tartar  chief  Kera  Khan,  whom  he  over- 
powers in  fight,  but  spares  his  life,  and 
thus  makes  him  his  friend.  Floreski 
finds  the  princess  in  the  castle  of  baron 
I.ovinski,  who  keeps  her  a  virtual  prisoner, 
but  the  castle  being  stormed  by  the  Tar- 


FLOREZ. 


S41 


FLORIN  DA. 


tars,  the  li.imn  is  slain,  and  the  pri 
marries  the  count.— J.   I'.    Kcmble.    ItO- 
ioiika. 

Flo'rez,  m  of  Gemxd  king  of  the 
beggars,  lie  assumes  the  name  of  Gos- 
win,  ami  become*,  in  Bruges,  a  wealthy 
merchant.  His  mistress  is  Bertha,  the 
■apposed  daughter  of  Vandunke  the 
burgomaster. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Beggars'  Hush  (1623). 

Flor'ian,  "  the  foundling  of  the 
forest,"  discovered  in  infancy  by  the 
count  De  Valmont,  and  adopted  as  his 
own  son.  Florian  is  light-hearted  and 
Volatile,  but  with  deep  affection,  very 
brave,  and  the  delight  of  all  who  know 
him.  lie  is  betrothed  to  his  cousin,  lady 
Geraldine,  a  ward  of  count  De  Val- 
mont.— W.  Dimond,  T/ie  Foundling  of  the 
Forest. 

Flor'imel  "the  Fair,"  courted  by 
sir  Bat'yrane,  sir  Per'idure,  and  sir  Cal'i- 
dore  (each  ,i  tut.),  but  she  herself  "  Loved 
none  but  Mar'iuel,"  who  cared  not  for  her. 
When  Marine!  was  overthrown  by  Brito- 
mart  and  was  reported  to   be  dead,  Flori- 

mel  resolved  to  search  into  the  truth  of 
this  rumour.  In  her  wanderings,  she 
came  weary  to  the  hut  of  a  bag,  bul  when 
she  left  the  but  the  bag  Bent  a  savage 
monster  to  bring  her  bark.  Florimel, 
however,  jumped  mto  a  boat  and  escaped, 
but  fell  into  the  bands  of  Proteus  (2  syl.), 
who  kept  her  in  a  dungeon  "deep  in  the 
bottom  of  a  huge  great  rock."  One  day, 
Marinel  and  his  mother  went  to  a  banquet 
given  by  Proteus  to  the  Bea-goda;  and 
as  Marinel  was  loitering  about,  lie  heard 
the  captive  bemoaning  her  hard  fate,  and 
all  "for  love  oi  Marinel."  His  heart 
wis  touched;  be  resolved  to  release  the 
prisoner,  and  obtained  from  his  mother 
a  warrant  of  release,  signed  by  Neptune 
himself.  Proteus  did  not  dire  to  die- 
obey  ;  the  lady  was  released,  and  became 

the  happy  bride  Of  her  liberator.— Spenser, 
/i.  r  Qua  n,  iii.  I.  8,  and  iv.  II,  12  (1590, 
1696). 

•«*  The  name  Florimel  means  "  honey- 
flower." 

/•'  hnel  {The  FbWte),  made  by  a  witch 
of  R  pha'an  snow  and  virgin  wax,  with 
an  infusion  of  vermilion.     tVo  burning 

lamps  in  silver  sockets  served  tor  eye*, 
..1  u  ire  for  loi  ks,  and  for  soul  "  a 
that    had     fallen     from 

tdoccio,  -• -  'his  false  Florimel, 

earned  "  hi  he  veritable  t  lori- 

ouel  ;    but   when   ho  wad    strip|>ed    of  his 


bone  wed   plumes,  this  waxen  Florimel 

1  into  thin  air,  leaving  nothing 
behind  except  the  "golden  gtrdle  that 
was  about  her  waist." — Spenser,   J  "hi  r% 

iii.  H,  and  v.  3  (1690,  I 

Florimel's  Girdle,  a  girdle  which 
gave  to  those  who  le  virtue  of 

chaste  love  and  wifehood  true  ;  "  if  any 
woman  not  chaste  or  faithful  put  it  DO. 
it  immediately  "loosed  or  tore  asunder. 
It  was  once  the  eestns  of  Venus,  but 
when  that  queen  of  beauty  wantoned  with 
Mars,  it  fell  off  and  was  left  09  the  "  Aci- 
dalian  mount." — Speuser,  Fairy  <?u<r», 
iv.  2  (II 

One  day,  sir  Cambel,  sir  Triamo 
Paridel,  sir  Blandamour,  and  sir  Perm- 
mont  agreed  to  giv*  Florimel's  gird 
the  most  beautiful  lady  ;  «rh< 
vious  question  was  moved,  "Who  m 
most  beautiful?"  Of  course,  each  knight, 

as   in  duty  bound,  adjudged   Ins  own  lady 

to   be   the   paragon   of    women,  till  the 
witch's  image  Oi  snow  and  wax,  u. 

represent  Florimel,  was  produced, 
all  agreed  that   it  was  without  ■ 
and   bo  the  girdle  was  handed  to  "the 
false  Florimel."  On  trying  it  on,  ho 

it  would  in  no  wise  lit  her  ;   and  w  Inn   by 
dint  of  pains  it  was  at  length 
instantly  loosened  and  fell  to  the  gn 
It  would  lit  Amoret  exactly,  and  of  course 
Florimel,    but    not    the   witch's    thing    of 
snow   and   wax. — Spenser,    t  ■ 
iv.  6  (1596). 

***  Morgan  U  Pee  sent  king  Arthur 
a  horn,  out  of  which  no  lady  could  drink 
"who  was  not  to  herself  or  to  her  h  . 
true."      An 
a  similar  spell. 

A  boy  allowed  king  Arthur  a  mint.* 
which  no  wife  not  leal  could  wear.  If 
any  unchaste  wife  or  maiden  put  it  on, 
it  would   either   go   to  ahieda 

drape  decorously. 

At  Bphea  •  * 

statue  of   Diana.      If    i  ;!'-  "r 

maiden  entered,  a  reed  U 

rth  m.'st  melodious  sounds  ; 
but  if  the  unfaithful  or  nnch  i 

•ids  were  harsh  and  discordant 
tarn's   surrw   remained   unsullied 
when  d  reflected  the  unsullied,  but  be- 
came dull  when  the  nr*  I  before 
it.     (See  Caradoo,  p.  160.) 

Florin  da 

the  high  1  •   ,'""rt 

v    kin* 

ick  ;  and  the  count,  in  his  indigna 
tion,  ran  mat  -"  *;i ' 


FLORIPES. 


342 


FLOWERS. 


called  over  the  Moors,  who  came  to  Spain 
in"  large  numbers  and  drove  Roderick 
from  the  throne.  (Jrpas,  the  renegade 
archbishop  of  Sev'ille,  asked  Florinda  to 
become  his  bride,  but  she  shuddered  at 
the  thought.  Roderick,  in  the  guise  of  a 
priest,  reclaimed  count  Julian  as  he  was 
dying,  and  as  Florinda  rose  from  the 
feead  body : 

Her  cheek  was  flushed,  and  In  her  eyes  there  beamed 
A  wilder  brightness     On  the  Goth  [/ioderickl  she  gazed. 
While  underneath  the  emotions  of  that  hour 
Exhausted  life  gave  way.  .  .  .   Round  his  neck  she  threw 
Her  arms,  and  rried,  "  My  Roderick  ;  mine  in  heaven  ! ' 
Groaning,  he  cLispt  her  close,  and  in  that  act 
And  agony  her  huppy  spirit  fled. 

Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xxlv.  (1814). 

Flo'ripes  (3  syl.),  sister  of  sir  Fiera- 
bias  [Pe.a'.ra.brah],  daughter  of  I^xban, 
and  wife  of  Guy  the  nephew  of  Charle- 
magne. 

Florisan'do  {The  Exploits  and  Ad- 
ventures of),  part  of  the  series  of  Le 
Human  des  Romans,  or  those  pertaining  to 
Am'adis  of  Gaul.  This  part  (from 
bk.  vi.  to  xiv.)  was  added  by  Paez  de 
Bibera. 

Florise  {The  lady),  attendant  on 
out  en  Berengaria. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Flor'isel  of  Nice'a  {The  Exploits 
and  Adventures  of),  part  of  the  series 
called  Le  Roman  des  Romans,  pertaining 
to  Am'adis  of  Gaul.  This  part  was  added 
by  Feliciano  de  Silva. 

Flor'ismart,  one  of  Charlemagne's 
paladins,  and  the  bosom  friend  of  Roland. 

Florival  {Mdlle.),  daughter  of  a 
French  physician  in  Belleisle.  She  fell 
hi  love  with  major  Belford,  while  nursing 
him  in  her  father's  house  daring  a  period 
of  sickness.  Her  marriag  •,  however,  was 
deferred,  from  the  great  aversion  of  the 
major's  father  to  the  French,  and  he 
went  to  llavannah.  In  due  time  he  re- 
turned to  England  and  colonel  Tamper 
with  him.  Now,  colonel  Tamper  was  in 
love  with  Emily,  and,  wishing  to  try  tin- 
strength  of  her  affection,  pretended  to  be 
severely  mutilated  in  the  wars.  Florival 
was  a  guest  of  Emily  at  the  time,  and, 
being  apprised  of  the  trick,  resolved  to 
turn  the  tables  on  the  colonel,  so  when 
he  entered  the  room  as  a  maimed  soldier, 
he  found  there  Florival,  dressed  as  an 
officer,  and,  under  the  name  of  captain 
Johnson,  flirting  most  desperately  with 
Emily.  The  colonel  was  mad  with 
jealousy,  but  in  the  very  whirlwind  of 
his  rage,  major  Belford  recognized  Rid  lie. 
wiorival,  3aw  through  the  trick,  and  after 


a  hearty  good  laugh  at  the  colonel,  all 
ended  happily. — Colman,  sen.,  The  Deuce 
is  in  Him  (17(52). 

Flor'izel,  son  of  Polixenes  king  of 
Bohemia.  In  a  hunting  expedition,  he 
saw  Perdita  (the  supposed  daughter  of  a 
shepherd),  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
courted  her  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Dor'icles.  The  king  tracked  his  son  to 
the  shepherd's  house,  and  told  Perdita  thai 
if  she  gave  countenance  to  this  foolery 
he  would  order  her  and  the  shepherd  to 
be  put  to  death.  Florizel  and  Perdita  tl  en 
fled  from  Bohemia,  and  took  refuge  >n 
Sicily.  Being  brought  to  the  court  of 
king  LeontGs,  it  soon  became  manifest 
that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daughter. 
Polixentjs,  in  the  mean  time,  had  tracked 
his  son  to  Sicily,  but  when  he  was  in- 
formed that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daugh- 
ter, his  objection  to  the  marriage  ceased, 
and  Perdita  became  the  happy  bride  of 
prince  Florizel. — Shakespeare,  The  Win- 
ter's Tale  (1604). 

Florizel,  the  name  assumed  by  George 
IV.  in  his  correspondence  with  Mrs. 
Robinson  (actress  and  poetess),  generally 
known  as  PorMita,  that  being  the  cha- 
racter in  which  she  first  attracted  his 
attention  when  prince  of  Wales. 

%*  George  IV.  was  generally  nick- 
named "prince  Florizel." 

Flower  of  Chivalry,  sir  William 
Douglas,  knight  of  Liddesdale  (*-1858). 
Sir  Philip  Sidney,  statesman,  poet,  and 
soldier,  was  also  called  "  The  Flower  of 
Chivalry"  (1554-158G).  So  was  the 
Chevalier  de  Bayard,  le  Chevalier  sans 
Peur  et  sans  Rcproc/u:  (1476-1524). 

Flower  of  Kings.  Arthur  is  so 
called  by  John  of  Exeter  (sixth  century). 

Flower  of  Poets,  Geoffrey  Chaucer 
(1328-1400). 

Flower  of  the  Levant'.  Zantu  is 
so  called  from  its  great  beauty  and  fer- 
tility. 

Zante  I  Zante  1  flor  dl  Levant! 

Flower  of  Yarrow  {The),  Marv 
Scott,  daughter  of  sir  William  Scott  of 
Harden. 

Flowers  {Lovers')  are  stated  by  Sj .  n- 
fier,  in  his  Shcphearae's  Calendar,  to  he 
"the  pnrpie  columbine,  gillillowers,  car- 
nations, and  sops  in  wine"  ("  April  "). 

In  the  "language  of  flowers,"  colum- 
bine signifies  "folly,"  uiitiflowert  "bonds 
of  love,"   carnations   "  pure  love."  and 


FLOWKi:  SERMON. 


S43 


FOLAIR. 


top*  of  wine  (one  of  the  carnation  family) 

"  woman's 

Bring  huhrr  th«  jilnko.  uitl  purjilo  oollunbliie. 

With  (ill   Tl.'Wrn; 

BrUUj  d  »'|J  In  vine, 

ipHiri 
Spatucr.  Tin  Slk»p>n<lriW§  CaUruUlT 

Flower  8ermon,  a  sermon  pn 
every    W hit    Monday    in    St.   i  ..• 

<  )n  this  i«  i  of  ill--  con- 

tion  carries  a  bunch  of  flowers,  ami 
a  bunch  of  flowers  i-  also  laid  on  the 
pulpit  cushion.    The  Plower  8ermon  is 
nut  now  limited  to  St.  I  iatherini 
sther  churches  have  adopted  the  custom. 

Flowordalo  (Sir  John),   father    <>f 

<  ia,  and   the   neighbour  of   colonel 

<  Hdboy. — Bicken  • ' 

Flowered  Robes.  In  ancient  I 
to  say  "a  woman  wore  flowered  robes" 
ie  same  as  to  say  she  was  %  fill* 
pubiique,  Solon  made  it  a  law  that 
virtuous  women  should  appear  in  simple 
ami  modest  apparel,  l>ut  that  harlot.-, 
should  always  areas  in  gaj  an  I  6 

r 

A     halUt*  lUre*  »re   known    t.»   their  stigmata,   w 

r  nU     IimIicaUj    DM     '>f     Urn     lid.  I 

nadrfta. 

Flowery  Kingdom  (TV),  China. 
■  binese  call    their    kingdom 
.  which  means  "The  Flowery  King- 
dom,   i.e.  the  flower  of  kingdoms. 

Fluel'lon,  a  Welsh  captain  and 
pedant,  who,  amongst  other  Learned  quid- 
drew  this  parallel  between  Henry  V. 
and  Alexander  the  Great :  "One  was  born 

in   .Monmouth  and  the  other  in  Mai 

both  which  i  □  with  M,  and  in 

both  a  river  Bowed.  Umry 

I  .  act   IV.  .-.-.  7   I  , 

Flur,  the  bride  of  Casaivelaim,  "for 
ove  the  Ko man  Cesar  first  invaded 
-Tennyson,  JJylls  of  the  King 
d  "). 

Flute  (  The  Maaic),  a  flute  which  has 
the  power  of  inspiring  love.    When 
by  the  powers  oi  darkness,  the  lore  it  m- 
•pires  is  sensual  love :  but  when  best 

1  -i^'ht,    it    !■■ 

In  the 

rami'na   are   guided    I",    il    thi    igh    all 

worldly    dm, 

Hcaail  'i). 

inp  a 
I  'it,  unhappily,  unable 

■  blander.    '  .■  ured, 


insignificanl  rery- 

where"  (»■•• 

. 

Fly-pod  i'i,   a  and 

R    . 

Aehot  WOJ   WOI 

for  a  limilar  object.    /•  us  A, 

the  fly-god  of  t:.    Of 

•'  «ul  »J«ir  of  r«  r  (hop.  aloft. 

iraKa-at 

Tlit-y  ruv  Hi*  nitrite.  ..( Iboa  in-rrunxJ  rprttn 

Flying  Dutehm.i.  .  phaav- 

tom  ship,  seen  in  storm  iff  the 

Cope  of  Good  Bone,  and  the  . 

bode   ill   luck.      1  -  that  it  was 

;  laden  with  precious  metal,  but  a 
horrible  murder  having 
on   board,  the  pis 

the  crew,   and   no   port   would  nil 
ship  to  enter,  so  it  wa 

nhoiit   like    a   gho 

knottier  1  ia  that  a   I 

captain,  homeward  bound,  mi  I  i 
continued  head  n  i 

be  would  double  I 

juit  hack,  if  he  strove  till  the  day  of   . 

i  at  his  word,   and   t.. 
Still   heats,  hut  lie. 

nit. 

(Captain  Man-vat  has  a  non 
on  this  legend,  called  3 

. 

Flying    Highwayman,    William 
Harrow,  who  leaped  hi-*  horae  over  turn- 
pike gates  as   it    u  I,,  |  been   fu 
w  ith  w  Inge,     lie 

Flytt-r  i  Mr*.  ,  land 

G  r.     a  I   v.  .  • 

1  .•  I.). 

I 
lady  U  I  m  irn.  d 

lards  iii  r   r. 

1 

- 

Polaii  ,t  the 

."    maiia\£*- 


FOLDATH. 


344 


ment    of     Mr.   Vincent    Crummies. — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Foldath,  general  of  the  Fir-bolg  or 
Belgae  in  the  south  of  Ireland.  In  the 
epic  called  Tem'ora,  Cathmor  is  the  "lord 
of  Atha,"  and  Foldath  is  his  general. 
He  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  savage 
chieftain :  bold  and  daring,  but  pre- 
sumptuous, overbearing,  and  cruel.  "  His 
stride  is  haughty,  and  his  red  eye  rolls  in 
.vrath."  He  looks  with  scorn  on  Hidalla, 
a  humane  and  gentle  officer  in  the  same 
a, my,  for  his  delight  is  strife,  and  he 
i>  nits  over  the  fallen.  In  counsel  Fol- 
dath is  imperious,  and  contemptuous  to 
those  who  diifer  from  him.  Unrelenting 
in  revenge  ;  and  even  when  he  falls  with 
his  death-wound,  dealt  by  Fillan  the  son 
of  Fingal,  he  feels  a  sort  of  pleasure  that 
his  ghost  would  hover  in  the  blast,  and 
exult  over  the  graves  of  his  enemies. 
Foldath  had  one  child,  a  daughter,  the 
blue-eyed  Dardu-Le'na,  the  last  of  the 
race.— -Ossian,  Temora. 

Follies  of  a  Day,  a  comedy  by 
Holcroft  (1745-1809). 

Fon'dlewife,  an  uxorious  banker. — 
Congreve,  The  Old  Bachelor  (1693). 

When  Mrs.  Jefferson  [1733-1776]  was  asked  In  what 
characters  she  excelled  the  most,  she  Innocently  replied. 
"In  u tl  men,  like  '  Fondlewlfe '  and  "sir  Jealous  Traffic" 
— T.  Diivies. 

*«*  "Sir  Jealous  Traffic"  is  in  The 
Uuny  Body,  by  Mrs.  Centlivre. 

Fondlove  («9fir  William),  a  vain  old 
oaronet  of  60,  who  fancies  himself  a 
schoolboy,  capable  of  playing  boyish 
games,  dancing,  or  doing  anything  that 
ruling  men  do.  "How  marvellously  I 
wear!  What  signs  of  age  have  I  ?  I'm 
certainly  a  wonder  for  my  age.  I  walk 
as  well  as  ever.  Do  I  stoop i?  Observe 
the  hollow  of  my  back.  As  now  1  stand, 
so  stood  I  when"  a  child,  a  rosy,  chubby 
In iv.  Msr  arm  is  firm  as  'twas  at  20. 
Oak.  oak,  isn't  it?  Think  you  my  leg 
is  shrunk? — not  in  the  calf  a  little? 
When  others  waste,  'tis  growing-time 
with  me.  Vigour,  sir,  vigour,  in  every 
joint.  Could  run,  could  leap.  Why 
shouldn't  I  marry  ?  "  So  thought  sir 
William  of  sir  William,  and  he  married 
the  Widow  Green,  a  buxom  dame  of  40 
fummers. — S.  Knowles,  The  Love-Chase 
M837). 

Fontainebleau  {Decree  of),  an  edict 
passed  by  Napoleon  I.,  ordering  all 
English  goods  wherever  found  to  be 
ruthlessly  burnt  (October  18,  1810). 


FOOLS,  JESTEIIS,  ETC. 

FontaraTna,  now  called  Fuenterwbui 
(in  Latin  Fons  rapidus),  near  the  gulf  ot 
Gascony.  Here  Charlemagne  and  all  his 
chivalry  fell  by  the  sword  of  the  "  Span- 
ish Saracens." — Mariana. 

%*  Mezeray  says  that  the  rear  of  the 
king's  army  being  cut  eff,  Charlemagne 
returned  and  obtained  a  brilliant  revenge. 

Fool.    James  I.  of  Great  Britain  was 
called    by  Henri    IV.   of    France,    "Th« 
Wisest    Fool    in    Christendom "    (1566 
1625). 

Fool  ( The),  in  the  ancient  morris-dance, 
represented  the  court  jester.  He  carried 
in  his  hand  a  yellow  bauble,  and  wore  ou 
his  head  a  hood  with  ass's  ears,  the  top 
of  the  hood  rising  into  the  form  of  a 
cock's  neck  and  head,  with  a  belt  at  the 
extreme  end.  The  hood  was  blue  edged 
with  yellow  and  scalloped,  the  doublet 
red  edged  with  yellow,  the  girdle  yellow, 
the  hose  of  one  leg  yellow  and  of  the 
other  blue,  shoes  red.  (See  Morris- 
Dance.) 

Fools.  Pays  de  Fous.  Gheel,  in 
Belgium,  is  so  called,  because  it  has 
been  for  many  years  the  Bedlam  of 
Belgium. 

Hattersea  is  also  a  pays  de  fous,  from 
a  pun.  Simples  used  to  be  grown  there 
largely  for  the  London  apothecaries,  and 
hence  the  expression,  You  must  go  to 
Battersea  to  get  your  simples  cut. 

%*  Bceotia  was  considered  by  the 
At '  u  mans  the  pays  de  fous  of  Greece. 
Arcadia  was  also  a  folly-land ;  hence 
Arcade*  ambo  ("both  noodles  alike"). 

Fools,  Jesters,  and  Mirthmen. 
Those  in  italics  were  mirthmen,  but  net 
licensed  fools  or  jesters. 

Adki.sbukn  (HurkardKaspar),  jester  to 
George  I.  He  was  not  only  a  fun-maker, 
hut  also  a  ghostly  adviser  of  the  Hano- 
verian. 

Aksakoff,  the  fool  of  czanna  Eliza- 
beth of  Kussia  (mother  of  Peter  II.). 
He  was  a  stolid  brute,  fond  of  practical 
jokes. 

Anoemt  (Z.),  jester  to  Louis  XIV.,  and 
last  of  the  licensed  fools  of  France.  II* 
is  mentioned  by  Boileau  in  Satires  i  and 
viii. 

Aon  (Monsignore),  who  succeeded 
Soglia  iiS  the  merrvman  of  pope  Gregory 
XVI. 

Armstrong  (Archie),  jester  in  tne 
courts  of  James  I.  and  Charles  I.  One 
of  the  characters  in  Scott's  novel  Tht 
Fortunes  of  Nigel.     Being  condemned  u 


FOOLS,  TESTERS,  ETC. 


..;:, 


3TERS,  ETC. 


death  bv  king  J*  i  EaUnKj 

Archie  implored  that  he  might  Live  till 
he  had  read  hit  Bible  through  f"r  Ins 
■onl'aweal.  Thia  was  granted,  and 
rejoined,  with  a  aly  Look,  "Then  de'il  tak 
me  'gin  1  ever  read  ■  word  on't  !  " 

Bkroio,  "joculator"  to  William  the 
Conqueror.  Three  towns  and  Ave  cara- 
eutea  in  Gloucestershire  were  given  him 
bv  the  king. 

Blur  d'Abuerks  (seventeenth  cen- 
turv),  fool  to  the  duke  of  Mantua. 
During  a  pestilence,  he  conceived  the  idea 
Bring  his  Life  aa  a  ranaom  for  Ins 
countrymen,  and  actually  starved  himself 
u>  death  to  stav  the  plague. 

Bonny  (Pafne*),  jester  to  the  regent 
Morton. 

Borde  {Andrew),  usually  called 
«  Merry  Andrew,"  physician  to  Henry 
VI II.  (1600-164O) 

BSUBQUKT.  Of  this  court  fool  bran- 
tome  aava  :  "  He  never  had  hi*  equal  in 

repartee"  [1512    L668).  . 

CaiUet(Ovillattme),  who  flourished  about 
1490.      His    Likeneaa    is    given    in   the 

frontispiece  of  the  Ship  of  Foots  (H'."7.i. 

Cum  or,  jeater  Of  Henri  111.  and  Henri 
IV.  Alexandre  Dumas  has  a  novel 
called  i  I  iter  (1553-1591). 

COWJI  HOUS    (Jciun;/),    predecessor    of 

James    Geddea,  jester  in   the  curt  of 
Mary  queen  of  Scots. 

:t,  "prince  of  non-offioial  jesters 

■ad  coxcombs."    Kept  by  prince  Henry, 
brother  of  Charles  I. 

CoubON,  doctor  and  jester  to  Lotus 
Will,  lie  was  the  very  prince  of 
mimics.  He  sat  for  the  portraits  oi 
•i  biers,  Mold,  and  com  te  Joseph  de  \  ulel* 
(diet  1858).  ,     . 

Da'gonkt  [Sir),  jester  to  king  Arthur. 
He  was  knighted  l>y  the  king  himself. 

Dkrbik,  a  curt  jeater  to  Janu  -  L. 
Contemporary  with  Thorn. 

DunuuMOT,  poet,   playwright,  actor, 
manufacturer,     spend- 
thrift,  wit,  and   honorary    fool   to    Louib 
XIV.     His  jests  are  HUlera 

ranee.  , 

(,i  DDKS  (James),  jester  in  the  c 
lUrj  qneen  oi  Scots.     He  was  daft,  and 
followed  Jemmy  Colquhoun  in  the  motley. 

:n.i  \    ('/.  i,  jester  of   I  hai 
limit  of  Burgundy. 

. ,  i  i  a,  .i  d  o«  the  duke 

of     Ferrara.      Hi  ■•    '"    rr,!l1- 

ride   a   I 
and  bone,  which   ia  -;  ok«  d   i  I    in    l'  ■ 

to 

ELtroD  amei  Ln  the  house 


„f  Mr  tlemorton,  Wor 

U-rslnr.'.        He    die.l    at    I  I    th« 

ith    century  t'lrth 

• 

irum 

j  Britain. 

Hkywi /  •  ■'.•<  I,  author  of  nun         ■ 

dramatic  work.-.  |  I 

oi    "Old  John  ;"    »o 
called   to   distinguish    him    from    .'• 

Joban,  called  . 

Johan,  be  1      d    -'•'  •  "••  "Honed 

by  Marat  in  his  epitaphs. 

.-.),     familiarly     known     ma 

"lord   Flame,"  the  character  he  : 

in    his    own 

Thrum''*,  ,  |  , 

neral),    a     Saxon    general, 
fnuo  aa  for  his  broad  j 

Kim  igrkw    i  Thorn  i  "  *mg 

Charles's  jester''  (1611-1688 

1...N..KI.V,  jester  to  Louis  XIII. 

Narh    i  A  l«riek 

i    L'russift. 

Pa<  ., 

Patch,  court  fool  of  Rliraheth  wife 
of  Henry  VII. 

Patchb,    cardinal     Wolsey'a 

The   cardinal    made    Henry    V11I.    . 

•    this    "  «ise    fool,"  and    the   king 

returned  word  that  "flu 

Pa  i  [son,  !;•  •  osed  jester  to  sir  'I  bonus 
More.  He  is  introduced  by  Hana  H<  L- 
bein   in   his   famous   picture  of    thu   lord 

chancellor. 

Paul  [Jacob),  baron  Gundling.  This 
merrvman  was  laden  with  titles  in  ridi- 
cule by  Frederick  \\  iUiam  1.  of  Pi 

Pl   lR)  1    of    the    earl    of 

Suffolk.     I  ten  Bm  ifl   wr  U    an  i  . 

on  him. 

RaTRKE,    court    je.stor  to    Henry     1.      ' 
t  id. 

IIoskm  (/Tubs  • 
.  mperor  Maximi 

.  \s,  eonrl  -.sard  1\  . 

the  fun-mas 
■ .    XVI.     He  wa 
byAopi. 

SOMl 

VIII. 

Hampton  Court.     And  il 

i    public-house    called 

.   m  the   hoo  I 

.  th  of  Russia,     I 
.  matica   and   bistorj    i" 
tnd-duke    Peter  II.),  and  wm  alao 
hit  lid  "n. 

noun   clowu 


FOOLS'  PARADISE. 


34G 


FOFPINGTON. 


and  jester  in  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth, 
but  not  attached  either  to  the  court  or  to 
auy  nobleman  (1530-1588). 

Thom,  one  of  the  court  jesters  of 
James  I.     Contemporary  with  Derric. 

Triroulet,  court  jester  to  Louis  XII. 
and  Francois  I.  (1487-1536).  Licinio, 
the  rival  of  Titian,  took  his  likeness, 
which  is  still  extant. 

Wallktt  (W.  F.),  court  jester  to 
queen  Victoria.  He  styles  himself  "  the 
queen'*  jester,"  but  doubtlessly  has  no 
warrant  for  the  title  from  the  lord  cham- 
berlain. 

Walter,  jester  to  queen  Elizabeth. 

Will,  "  my  lord  of  Leicester's  jesting 
player;"  but  who  this  "Will"  was  is 
not  known.  It  might  be  Will  Johnson, 
Will  Sly,  Will  Kimpe,  or  even  Will 
Shakespeare. 

Yorick,  jester  in  the  court  of  Den- 
mark. Referred  to  by  Shakespeare  in 
his  Hamlet,  act  v.  sc.  1. 

(Dr.  Doran  published  The  History  of 
Court  Foots,  in  1858.) 

Fools'  Paradise,  unlawful  plea- 
sure ;  illicit  love ;  vain  hopes ;  the 
limbus  fatuorum  or  paradise  of  idiots 
and  fools. 

If  ye  should  lead  her  Into  a  fool's  paradise,  It  were  a 
gro?s  .  .  .  behaviour. — Shakespeare,  ffOIIMO  'iiul  Juliet, 
act  it  sc.  4  (1EB7). 

Foot.  The  foot  of  the  Arab  is  noted 
for  its  arch,  and  hence  Tennyson  speaks 
of  the  "  delicate  Arab  arch  of  [JA»iw"s] 
feet." — Maud,  xvi.  1. 

Foot-breadth,  the  sword  of  Thoralf 
Skolinson  "the  Strong"  of  Norway. 

Quern-  biter  of  Hakon  the  Gwtd. 

Wherewith  at  a  stroke  he  hewed 

The  milblone  thro"  and  llim'j 

And  Foot-breadth  of  Thoralf  "  the  Strong!"— 
Were  not  so  broad,  nor  >et  so  long, 
Nor  was  their  edge  so  true. 

Longfellow. 

Fopling  Flutter  (Sir),  "the  man 
of  mode,  and  chief  character  of  a 
comedy  by  sir  George  Etherege,  entitled 
The  Man  of  Mod*;  or  Sir  Foplmj  Flutter 
(1676). 

Foppery.  Vespasian  the  Roman 
emperor  had  a  contempt  for  foppery. 
When  ceruiin  young  noblemen  came  to 
him  smelling  of  perfumes,  he  said  to 
them,  "  You  would  have  pleased  me 
more  if  you  had  smelt  of  garlic." 

Charlemagne  had  a  similar  contempt 
of  foppery.  One  day,  when  he  was 
hunting,  the  rain  poured  down  in  tor- 
rents, and  the  fine  furs  anil  silks  of  his 
suite  were  utterly  spoilt.     The  king  took 


this  occasion  to  rebuke  the  court  beaux 
for  their  vanity  in  dress,  and  advised 
them  in  future  to  adopt  garments  more 
simple  and  more  serviceable. 

Foppington  (Lord),  an  empty- 
headed  coxcomb,  intent  only  on  dress 
and  fashion.  His  favourite  oaths,  which 
he  brings  out  with  a  drawl,  are  :  "  Strike 
me  dumb  !  "  "  Split  my  windpipe  ! ''  and 
so  on.  When  he  loses  his  mistress,  he 
consoles  himself  with  this  reflection: 
"  Now,  for  my  part,  I  think  the  wises! 
thing  a  man  can  do  with  an  aching  heart 
is  to  put  on  a  serene  countenance ;  for  a 
philosophical  air  is  the  most  becoming 
thing  in  the  world  to  the  face  of  a  person 
of  quality." — Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  2'/te 
Itelapse  (1G97). 

The  shoemaker  in  The  Relapte  tells  lord  Fopping- 
ton  that  his  lordship  Is  mistaken  In  supposing  that  big 
shoe  pinches. — Macaulay. 

Foppimjton  (Lord),  a  young  married 
man  about  town,  most  intent  upon  dress 
and  fashion,  whose  whole  life  is  con- 
sumed in  the  follies  of  play  and  seduc- 
tion. His  favourite  oaths  are:  "Sun, 
burn  me  !  "  "  Curse,  catch  me  !  "  "  Stap 
my  breath!"  "Let  me  blood!"  "  Kun 
me  through!"  "Strike  me  stupid!" 
"  Knock  me  down  !  "  He  is  reckoned 
the  king  of  ill  court  fops. — Colley  Gib- 
ber, The  Careless  Husband  (1704). 

Macklin  says:  "Nature  formed  Colley  Cihber  for  a 
COTCOmh  .  .  .  and  his  predominant  tendency  wa9  to  be 
considered  among  men  as  a  leader  of  fashion,  and 
among  women  as  a  bean  aarcon.  Hence  .  .  .  his  'lord 
Foppiugton'  was  a  model  for  dress,  and  that  banteuf 
and  nonchalance  which  distinguished  the  superior  cox- 
combs of  that  day.*' — Percy,  Anecdotex. 

Foppington  (Lord),  elder  brother  of 
Tom  Fashion.  A  selfish  coxcomb,  en- 
gaged  to  be  married  to  Miss  Hoyden, 
daughter  of  sir  Tunbelly  Clumsy,  to 
whom  he  is  personally  unknown.  His 
brother  Tom,  to  whom  he  did  not  behave 
well,  resolved  to  outwit  him  ;  and  pass- 
ing himself  off  as  lord  Foppington,  got 
introduced  to  the  family,  and  married 
the  heiress.  When  his  lordship  appeared, 
he  was  treated  as  an  impostor,  till  Tom 
explained  his  ruse  ;  and  sir  Tunbelly, 
being  snubbed  by  the  coxcomb,  was  soon 
brought  to  acquiesce  in  the  change,  and 
gave  his  hand  to  his  new  son-in-law  with 
cordiality.  The  favourite  oaths  of  lord 
Foppington  are:  "Strike  me  dumb!" 
"  Strike  me  ugly  !  "  "  Stap  my  vitals  !  " 
"  Split  my  windpipe  !  "  "  Rat  me  .'  " 
etc. ;  and,  in  speaking,  his  affectation  U 
to  change  the  vowel  "o"  into  a,  as  rat_ 
nam,  resolve,  wawld,  ordered,  r/ututM, 
pound,  maunth,  lan-j,  philosopher,  torture. 


FORI). 


FORGERIES 


and  so  on. — Sheridan,  .1     ZWp    ' 
boron, fh  (1777). 

%*    This    <~'>in 
slightly  altered  and  earl 

Ford,  ft  gentleman  "f  fortune  living 
at  Windsor.  He  assumes  t;i"  name  of 
Brook,  and  being  Introduced  to  sir  .l< ihn 
Falstaff.  the  knight  inform!  him  "  of 
his  whole  coarse  of  »  toing,"  and  now  at 
out-  time  he  eluded  Mm.  Ford's  jealous 
husband  by  being  carried  ont  before  his 
eye*  in  ■  back-basket  of  dirty  linen. — 
A-  t  lii.  sc.  5. 

Mrs.  Ford,  wife  "f  Mr.  Ford.  Sir 
John  Falstaff  paye  court  to  her,  and  she 
pretends  to  accept  Ins  proteatati 
l'ive,  in  order  i"  expose  and  punish  him. 
Her  husband  assumes  f^r  the  nonce  the 
name  of  Brook,  and  sir  John  tells  him 

from    time    to   time   the   progress   of    his 

suit,  and  how  he  succeeds  in  doping  her 
loo]  of  a  husband.  —Shakespeare,  Merry 
H'aes  of  Windsor  (1696). 

'Forde'lis  (8  w/.),  wife  of  Bran'di- 
in. ir:  (Orlando's  intimate  friend).  When 
Brandimart  was  slain,  Fordelia  dwelt  for 
a  time  in  his  sepulchre  in  Sicily,  and 
died  broken-hearted.  (See  1<>i  roi 
kriosto,  Orlando  Fvrioto  (1616). 

Forehead.  A  high  forehead  was  at 
one  time  deemed  a  mark  of  beauty  in 
women;  hence  Felice,  the  wife  of  Guy  of 
Warwick,  is  described  as  baring  "  the 
Fame  high  forehead  as  Venus." — History 
if  d»;/  of  War 

Fore'sight  (2  sy/.),  a  n;ad,  super- 
stitions old  man,  who  "consulted  the 
stars,  and  believed  in  omens,  poi 
and  predictions."  He  referred  "man's 
in  t"  the  charge  ol  a 
star,"  and  says  hs  himsi  if  was  "born 
the  ('rati  was  ascending,  so  that  all 
his  affairs  in  life  have  gone  backwards." 

I  V'i  if  Cht  iik'Tu,  iad  Ih*  [.ir.  m.  .in  i  ih 

fJOMUmtat,     irm.-*,    ami    oppcalU  iu    f\inl 

aqoatk  trigoni,     Knoa 

,.jr  or  unhappi  ;  vbataaf  i  -  ia  •  are  < 

11071  ihall  !*•  i  l«i  uklnca 

•  i»  racovorail.   -II   CoaaTar*.  Lor* 

tor  Lor*.  U.  (!«!*»). 

Forester    (Sir    Philip),    a    libertine 
•  i    in   disguise    to   lady 
■  U's   hall    on   his  return  from  the 
i  •  .iit  i ii --nt .  but,  being  recognized,  dei 

• 
Philip,   who   g  nss   with    her  si>!.r   lady 

nurror,"  in  which  they  discover  thi 

and    in  t'n  It-!  it  v 
Philip.-  Sir  WT  Scotl 

time    \\  .  limn  III.. 


Forgories  [Literary). 

I 

I 

■  red,  in  1 7 1 . . 
of  Richardoi  i  .  in  the  libi 

ity  ;  and  in   17.  . 
with  two  other  treatises,  callin  ;  I 

of  the  a 

posed    by  J.    E.    Mayor,    in   his 

wdi  de  Cir 
toriate. 

Chai  is),  in  1777 

. 
wire  written  in  the  tin  ury  by 

Thomas    Rowley,   a    monk. 
Gray  and  M  •    fur.ri  ry. 

His  other  literary  forgeries 
. 

terer),  professed  t 
in    the    muniment-room    of 
Church,       Kedcliffc.        He      ■ 
printed  a  history  of  th<  :iam  " 

family,     with     B     i     BOO    calle  1      / 
mount    of  in    de 

.  entnry). 
forged  account  of  the  opening    I  I 
bridge,  signed  "  Dunhelmus  Bnsl 
and  pr  have  been  copied  fr"iu 

an  old  Ms.     (8)  A  .  A 
by  Turgolaa,  "  translated  oat  of  > 

..    by    I .    Rowh  y." 
forgery    was   mad  I    Mr. 

CatCOtt,    who   was    writing   a   hist    I 

[RELAXD     (>'.      W.    //.)    puldis! 

folio,    1796,  .  ; 

. 

H 

of   A',.-. 
//  i//i  \  \ 

He   actually    produced    MSS.    whi 
had  forged,  and  which  be  pretended  »a< 
original. 

On    April    J,    17 
gern    and    :. 

3 

in.      It    dn 

Ireland  of  his 

Si  i  n  .  itury, 

publishi 

the   papacy 

\:   Bremen,  in  I  nine 

-•  n.  >n  {'  \  i  iin\,  and  it  « 


FORGE  r-ME-NOTS. 


348 


FORTUNIO. 


that  the  MSS.  had  been  discovered  in  the 
convent  of  St.  Maria  de  Merinhao,  by  a 
colonel  Pereira  in  the  Portuguese  army  ; 
but  it  was  ascertained  that  there  was  no 
such  convent,  nor  any  such  colonel,  and 
that  the  paper  of  this  "ancient"  MS. 
bore  the  water-mark  of  Osnabrtick  paper- 
mills. 

Forget-me-nots  of  the  Angels. 
So  Longfellow  calls  the  stars. 

Silently,  one  by  one.  in  the  infinite  meadows  of  heaven, 
KiGssoiued  the  lovely  stars,  the  "forget-me-nots"  of  the 
angels. 

Longfellow,  Evangeline  (1849). 

Forgive,  Blest  Shade  .  .  .  This 
celebrated  epitaph  in  Brading  Church- 
yard, Isle  of  Wight,  is  an  altered  version, 
by  the  Rev.  John  Gill  (curate  of  New- 
church),  of  one  originally  composed  by 
Mrs.  Anne  Steele,  daughter  of  a  baptist 
minister  at  Bristol. 

Forgiveness. 

Forgiveness  to  the  injured  doth  belong  ; 

But  they  ne'er  pardon  who  have  done  the  wrong. 

Dryden,  The  Conquest  0/  Qrunada. 

Forks,  the  gallows.  (Latin,  furca.) 
Cicero  (De  Div.,  i.  20)  says:  "Ferens 
furcam  ductus  est"  ("he  was  led  forth, 
bearing  his  gallows").  "  Furcifer"  was  a 
slave  made  to  carry  a  furca  for  punish- 
ment. 

Fornari'na  (La),  so  called  because 
she  was  the  daughter  of  a  baker  (For- 
nnjo),is  the  name  under  which  Raphael's 
mistress  is  known.  Her  real  name  is  said 
to  have  been  Margherita.  Raphael  paint- 
ed several  portraits  of  this  woman,  the 
most  famous'being  in  the  Uffizi  Gallery 
at  Florence,  and  her  face  appears  to  have 
suggested  many  of  his  most  beautiful 
faces  in  other  works. 

Forrest  (George),  Esq.,  M.A.,  the 
nom  de  plume  of  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood, 
author  of  Every  Boy's  Book  (1855),  etc. 

For'tinbras,  prince  of  Norway. — 
Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (1596). 

Fortuna'tus,  a  man  on  the  brink  of 
starvation,  on  whom  Fortune  offers  to 
bestow  either  wisdom,  strength,  riches, 
health,  beauty,  or  long  life.  He  chooses 
riches,  and  she  gives  him  an  inexhaustible 
purse.  Subsequently,  the  sultan  gives 
him  a  wishing-cap,  which  as  soon  as  he 
<mts  tn  his  head,  will  transport  him  to 
ray  spot  he  likes.  These  gifts  prove  the 
ruin  of  Fortunatus  and  his  sons. 

***  This  is  one  of  the  Italian  tales  called 
Hiijhis,  by  Straparo'la.    There  is  a  German 


version,  and  a  French  one,  as  far  back  M 
1535.  The  story  was  dramatized  in  1553 
by  Hans  Sachs  ;  and  in  1G00  by  Thomas 
Dekker,  under  the  title  of  The  Pleasant 
Cumedie  of  Old  Fortunatus.  Ludwig 
Tieck  also  has  a  drama  upon  the  same 
subject. 

The  purse  of  Fortunatus  could  not  supply  you. — Hol- 
croft,  lite  /toad  to  Ruin,  i.  3. 

Fortunatus's  Purse,  a  purse  which  was 
inexhaustible.  It  was  given  to  Fortu- 
natus by  Fortune  herself. 

Fortunatus's  Wis/tiruj-cap,  a  cap  given 
by  the  sultan  to  Fortunatus.  He  had 
only  to  put  it  on  his  head  and  wish,  when 
he  would  find  himself  transported  to  any 
spot  he  liked. 

Fortune  of  Love,  in  ten  oooks,  oy 
Antonio  Lofrasco,  a  Sardinian  poet. 

"  By  my  holy  office,"  cried  the  curd,  "since  Apollo  was 
Apollo,  and  the  Muses  were  the  offspring  of  Jove,  there 
never  was  a  letter  or  more  delightful  volume.  He  who 
has  never  read  it.  has  missed  a  fund  of  entertainment. 
Give  it  me.  Mr.  Nicholas  ;  1  would  rather  have  Uiat  book 
than  a  cassock  of  the  very  best  Florence  silk." — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote.  I.  i.  6  (1605* 

Fortune's  Frolic,  a  farce  by 
Allingham.  Lord  Lackwit  died  suddenly, 
and  the  heir  of  his  title  and  estates  was 
Robin  Roughhead,  a  poor  labourer,  en- 
gaged to  Dolly,  a  cottager's  daughter. 
The  object  of  the  farce  is  to  show  the 
pleasure  of  doing  good,  and  the  blessings 
which  a  little  liberality  can  dispense. 
Robin  was  not  spoilt  by  his  good  fortune, 
but  married  Dolly,  and  became  the  good 
genius  of  the  cottage  tenantry. 

Fortunes  of  Nigel,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (1822).  This  story  gives  an 
excellent  picture  of  the  times  of  James  I., 
and  the  account  of  Alsatia  is  wholly 
unrivalled.  The  character  of  king  James, 
poor,  proud,  and  pedantic,  is  a  masterly 
historic  sketch. 

Fortunio,  one  of  the  three  daughteia 
of  an  old  lord,  who  at  the  age  of  four 
score  was  called  out  to  join  the  army 
levied  against  the  emperor  of  Matapa'. 
Fortunio  put  on  military  costume,  and 
went  in  place  of  her  father.  On  her  way, 
a  fairy  gave  her  a  horse  named  Com- 
rade, not  only  of  incredible  swiftness, 
but  all-know-ing,  and  endowed  with 
human  speech  ;  she  also  gave  her  an  in- 
exhaustible Turkey-leather  trunk,  full  of 
money,  jewels,  and  fine  clothes.  By  the 
advice  of  Comrade,  she  hired  seven  gifted 
servants,  named  Strongback,  Lightfoot, 
Marksman,  Fine-ear,  Roisterer,  Trinquet, 
and  Grugeon.  After  performing  several 
marvellous  feats  by  the  aid  of  her  hors« 


FORTY  THIEVES. 


r.i:. 


Q 


and  servants,    Kortimio  married   Alfurito 
,  |  the  king  of  bei 

kaiM  i'  ia»  ■  .       r 

in  Grimm's 

tins. 

I-ortunio'*  ni.lf,    whi   h    Dot 

onlv  p<iss»-;m.-(l  incredibli  u  know 

(ill    things,   and   was   gifted   With    human 

n;.-.-.-h. 

Furtunin's  .'■ 

Trinquet  drunk  up  the  lake*  and  pond*,  and  t). 
I.  Ilcalu  fL«li.      I 
1    wn    ri-M«.i[>.   IM    I'.nntlit    li>r»«  lir    llir    i>r- 
Markanuui.  hr  put  nnu,,  r  ;  .MmUs  Bar  |4uam»t  any 
woartar;  and  wii«.>»  uuniiii  of  (ami 

— Com- 
Iraw  D'Aunoy.  ^Wfc'K  laltt  ["  r 

re,  Whatever  gifts 
Portonio  sent  her  sisters,  their  touch 
•  1  them  immediately  worthless. 
Thai  the  coffers  of  jewels  and  gold,  l,be- 
estms  only  cut  glass  and  false  pisl 
the  moment  the  jealona  sisters  touched 
them. 

Fbrtwtktt  -,  full 

of  suits  of  all  si  jewels,  and 

■old.     Tin-    fairy    told    Portonio   "  she 

nip  with  her  f< 
call  fur  tin-  Turkey-leather  trunk,  and  it 
would  always  come  to  her,  full  of  money 
aii'l  jewels.  One  linen  and  Lao  -." — Com- 
■  A.unoy,  Fairy  Tate* 

Forty  Thieves,  also  called  the  tale 
a|  ■•  AH  Baba."    These  thieves  lived  in  s 

ive,  the  door  of  which  opened  and 
■hut  at  the  words,  "Open,  aosnmfl ! " 
"  Shut.  Sesainl !  "    i  me  da;  .  , 

a   wood-monger,  accidentally  dii 

•  oret,   .- a 1 1 •  1   made  himself    rich   by 
carrying  off  gold  from  the  stolen  hoards. 

total  n  trii  'I  te\  srs  to  dis- 

tne  thief,  bul  p  as  alu  ij  •  onl  witted 

by  Iforgia'na,  the  w Ucutter's 

who,  with  boiling  oil,  hilled  the 
whole   band,  and  al   li  ngl  b   ital 
Captain  himself  with   b 

. 

Forty-flvo  (No.  451,  Hv 
nuinUr   of    Wilk 
wlneh    the    ministers    were    acci 

.ah." 

For  .•  •  I.     Uluchi  • 

called  for  Ins  dash  and 

in  th 

ie,  and  tin-  four! 
was  banished  by  the  '    ••■■ 

■ 
I  dogi  alss 


•  was  descending  the  "  iiiant 
Stairea.se  "   to  takl 

I  down     ■ »   . 
• 
surviving  son  of  1 

i  !■•  was  b  i  taking 

bribes   of   f<  reign  |  rin  I 

■ 
after  Ins  banishment  to  Candia.—  I 
; 

•#*   Verdi  has  taken  this  §ul>;i-.:t  for  an 

Fo38    (Corporal),  a 

Worthington,  and  remained 

■  ■ 

rpora]  Poss  I 

M  -  Kinilv  Uic  lieutenant's  da. 
and  he  gloried  in  his  profession.  1 
bras  |ue  in  m  mm  r.  bi  •• 

mm  (l- 

*«•  I  from 

. 

Fosa-way,  V 
l  I 1  -n  Sir.  Mich  u  :.  in  I       iwall,  to 

Caithness  (the  furthesl  north 

■ 
and    Iki 
stracted    by   atulmutius,    son   of   i 

km_'  of  I  'oriiwall. 

of    Britain  marchy 

which  followed  the  mui 
his  mother  faboul 


l>r»>U.ii.  l-Jr^!+         i 

Fos: 

iV.  S 
II.). 

- 
Scott,   . 

•  r  al 
Cumn 

■ 

- 

ml 

.  » 


FOUL- WEATHER  JACK. 


3o0 


FOURTEEN. 


Foul-weather  Jack,  commodore 
Byron  (1723-1786). 

Foundling  {The).  Harriet  Ray- 
mond, whose  mother  "lied  in  childbirth, 
was  committed  to  the  charge  of  a 
(jouvernante,  who  announced  to  her  father 
(sir  Charles  Raymond)  that  the  child  was 
dead.  This,  however,  was  not  true,  for 
the  gouvernante  changed  the  child's 
name  to  Fidelia,  and  sold  her  at  the  age 
of  12  to  one  Villiard.  One  night,  Charles 
Belmont,  passing  Villiard's  house,  heard 
the  cries  of  a  girl  for  help;  he  rescued  her 
and  took  her  to  his  own  home,  where  he 
gave  her  in  charge  to  his  sister  Rosette, 
1'he  two  girls  became  companions  and 
friends,  and  Charles  fell  in  love  with  the 
"foundling."  The  gouvernante,  on  Her 
death-bed,  revealed  the  secret  tosirl  lharlea 
Raymond,  the  mystery  was  cleared  up. 
and  Fidelia  became  the  wife  of  Charles 
Relmont.  Rosetta  gave  her  hand  to 
Fidelia's  brother,  colonel  Raymond. — 
Edward  Moore,  lite  Fuundlimj  (1748). 

Fountain,  Bellamore,  ai  d 
Hare'brain,  suitors  to  lady  Hartwell, 
a  widow.  They  are  the  chums  of  Valen- 
tine the  gallant,  who  would  not  be  ] k  r- 
suaded  to  keep  his  estate. — Beaumi  nt 
ami  Fletcher,    Wit  without  Money  (1C39). 

Fountain  of  Life,  Alexander  Hales 
"the  Irrefragible  Doctor"  (*-1245). 

Fovmtain  of  Youth,  a  marvellous 
fountain  in  the  island  of  Bim'ini  (one  of 
the  Baha'ma  group).  It  had  the  virtue 
of  restoring  the  aged  to  youth  again.  In 
the  middle  ages  it  was  really  believed  to 
exist,  and  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  among 
oilier  Spanish  navigators,  went  in  serious 
quest  of  this  fountain. 

Four  Kings  (The)  of  a  park  of 
cards  are  Charlemagne  (the  Franco- 
German  king).  David  (the  Jewish  king), 

Alexander   (the    Macedonian    king),    and 
Caesar    (the    Roman    king).     These    four 

kings  arc  representatives  of  the  four  great 
monarchies. 

Four  Masters  (The),  (l)  Michael 
O'Clerighe;  (2)  Cucoirighe  O'Clerighe; 
(3)  Maurice  Conry  ;  (•))  Fearfeafa  Conry. 
These  lour  masters  were  the  authors  of 
the  Annals  of  I>uneyal. 

%*  O'Clerighe  is  sometimes  Anglicized 
into  Clerkson,  and  Cucoirighe  into  Pere- 
grine. 

Four  Stones  marked  the  extent  of 
a  tumulus.  "With  the  body  of  a  hen.  was 
buried  his  sword  n\d  the  heads  of  Lwelve 


arrows  ;    while    on    the    surface   of    the 
tumulus  was  placed  the  horn  of  a  deer. 

Knur  <tones  rise  on  the  grave  of  Cathba,  .  .  .  Ctthbl, 
sim  cf  Tunnaii,  thou  wcrt  a  sunbeam  ui  Erin— u.m;ui. 
nngal,  i. 

Fourberies  de  Scapin  (Les),  by 
Holiere  (1071).  Scapin  is  the  valet  of 
Le'andre,  son  of  seignior  Ge'ronte  (2  syl.), 
who  falls  in  love  with  Zerbinette,  sup- 
posed to  be  a  gipsy,  but  in  reality  the 
daughter  of  seignior  Argante  (2  syl.), 
stolen  by  the  gipsies  in  early  childhood. 
Her  brother  Octave  (2  syl.)  falls  in  love 
with  Hyacinthe.  whom  he  supposes  to  be 
Hyacinthe  Pandolphe  of  Tarentum,  but 
who  turns  out  to  be  Hyacinthe  Ge'rontc, 
the  sister  of  Fe'andre.  Now,  the  gipsies 
demand  £1600  as  the  ransom  of  Zer- 
binette, and  Octave  requires  £80  for  his 
marriage  with  Hyacinthe.  Scapin  ob- 
tains both  these  sums  from  the  fathers 
under  false  pretences,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  comedy  is  brought  in  on  a  litter,  with 
his  head  bound  as  if  on  the  point  of  death. 
He  begs  forgiveness,  which  he  readily 
obtains;  whereupon  the  "sick  man" 
jumps  from  the  litter  to  join  the  ban- 
queters.    (See  BCAPIH.) 

Fourde'lis,  personification  of  France, 
called  the  true  love  rrf  Burbotl  (Henri  I  ]'.), 
but  enticed  away  from  him  by  Grantorto 
(rebellion).  Talus  (jmcer  or  minjht)  rescues 
her,  but  when  Burbon  catches  her  by  her 
" ragged  weeds,"  she  starts  beck  in  dis- 
dain. However,  the  knight  lifts  her  on  his 
steed,  and  rides  off  with  her. — Bpenser, 
Faery  Queen,  v.  2  (lo96). 

Fou'rierism,  a  communistic  system  ; 
so  called  from  Charles  Fourier  of  Besancon 
(1772-1887). 

Fourolle  (2  8yl.),  a  Will-o'-the-wisp, 
so  | 'posed  to  have  the  power  of  charming 
sinful  human  beings  into  the  same  form. 
The  charm  lasted  for  a  term  of  years 
only,  unless  it  chanced  that  sonn 
catholic,  wishing  to  extinguish  the 
wandering  flame,  made  to  it  the  sign  at 
the  cross,  in  which  case  the  sinful  creature 
became  a  fourolle  every  night,  by  way  of 
penance. 

She  does  not  know  the  way  ;  she  U  not  honest,  Mon». 
Do  you  not  know — lam  alra  i  10  >  >  It  all  ud  .  .  she  ii 
—a  fuurolle  J— Temple  Bar  {"  Beside  Hie  Kille."  i.). 

Fourteen,  the  name  of  a  younj; 
man  who  could  do  the  work  of  fourteen 
men,  but  had  also  the  appetite  of  four- 
teen men.  Like  Christopli I'erus,  he  carried 
our  Lord  across  a  stream,  for  which  ser- 
vice the  Saviour  gave  him  a  sack,  savin;;, 
"  Whatever  vou  wish  for  will  come  into 


FOUKTKKS. 


351 


Ki:AS(JESCA. 


this  sack,  if  you  only  nay  '  Artchil.t  murt- 
ehila!'"  (i.e.  "come  [or  go)  into  my 
sack").  Fourteen's  lust  achievement  was 
lie  went  tn  paradise,  and  being  re- 
fused admission,  j >< > k.« ••  1  his  sack  through 
the  keyhole  of  the  door;  then  crying  out 
"  A rtchila  murtchila!"  ("get  into  the 
sack  "),  he  found  himself  on  the  other  side 
of  the  door,  and,  of  course,  in  paradise.— 
Itev.  W.  Webster,  Basque  Legends,  105 
(1877). 
Fijurteen.     This  number  plays  a  very 

•  conspicuous  part  in  French  history, 
especially  in  the  reigns  of  Henri  IV.  and 
Louis  XIV.     For  example: 

Utli   May.  1019.  the /Irif  Henri  w.n  eonverited.  and 
14th  May.  161U,  the  Lut  Henri  m  aavi. 

14  letter*  compose  the  name  of  Henri  d*  Uourbon.  the 
1  ith  king  of  France  mid  Nararre. 

14th  December.  ISM  (14  cent uriei,  14  dteadM.  and  14 
y  \r»  from  Vu>  birth  of  ChrUt).  Henri  IV.  was  born,  and 
•  14. 

I  .Hi  M:iy.  15.M.  Henri  II.  ordered  the  enlargemanl  of 
th<-  Kue  de  la  Kcrrounerie.     Tiiij  order  was  < 
anl   4  lime*  14  years  later  Henri  IV.  «u  assassinated 
there, 

Utli  May,  155?.  was  the  birth  of  Margaret  de  VaJois.  first 
of  Henri  IV. 

1  ttli  Mi).  1VW.  the  Pajiiatu  rerolted  against  Honrl  III.. 
■ado  the  laadenbip  of  Henri  de  Guiae. 

I4ih  March,  lis*'.  Henri  IV.  gained  the  battle  of  Ivrjr. 

Mill   Hn,  l..:«J.  Henri  IV.  was  repulsed  from  tho  '»■!- 
■f  Paris. 

14th  Norember.  1590.  "The  Sixteen"  took  oath  to  die 
ralhi-r  tluin  rfrve  Uie  hugii.-n..t  kin.;.  Henri  IV. 

Mill    N  tin:    i'.ir.s  /Hlr.'rmrttt    r 

.1  bu!l  which  excluded  Henri  IV   fr.nii  r 
1  ill.  iKx-cmbcr.  15VJ.  tho  duke  of  rlevoy  was  r 
u.  Henri  IV. 

I  jiii  September,  l«o«.  the  dauphin  (Louis  XIII).  ton  of 
I.      ri  IV.,  was  laiptized. 

Utli   M.«>.    IS10,   Havail'ac  munl.rcl   Henri   IV.  In  the 
:.  I ■'.■rr.iniu-rn;.      Henri.  IV.  1 1 v . ~ I  4  times  M  yoars 

i,  and  4  time*  14  day*,  Le.  M  yean  and  5  month*. 
Mm  May.  1A43.  died  L.uil<  XIII  .  ton  of  llei.n  IV.  (the 
tame  day  ami  month  a*  his  fnttmr).     Anil   li.l.  Miffed   lu- 
«.ih.r-M;  Just  as  1553  |f*«  Mrfa  of  Henri  /I).  14. 

KIV.  mounted  the  throne  1643,  vblch  added  to- 

•  -14. 

i    XIV.  ,ll., I  171B,  wbioh  ail.l.,1  toaatbsr-14. 
\IV.  lived  r;».-nrs,  irblch added  together- 14 
Louis  XV.  mounted  the  tlir.me  i;i5.   which  a.ldcd  to- 

••14. 
Luul*  XV.  died  1774  (Ihe  two  extremes  are  14.  and  the 
l»  .  means  77  —  14. 

Loafj    XVI.    publish,*!  the  Kiln-'   ' 

•  general  in  Uie  14th  year  of  hU  reign  (8i 
r.  i 

-Will,  was    rest.. r.. I    Ui    tho    throne.    N 

"Peace  ,.f  Pule"   ni  rigned,  and    the 
as*  i.f  Vienna"   met  In    1814;    ami   Uirao  figure* 
«.'  led  lofether-14. 

In  Itr.  -  14,  »u  the  death  of  the  , In. id* 
son  of  N 

In  1*11-14.  the  law  wa*  pis-. I  f.ir  the  fort.i. 
Pari*. 

In  Iii0-M.  Louis  Philippe   I 

Fourteen  Hundred!  the   cry  on 
•  ranger  enU 
The  question  is  tin  n 
'*  Will  yiiii  purchase  my  new  navy  live 

■  m(s.,  sir  ? "  after  which  the  il 
m  bustled  out  v.  ithout  mercy. 

Fox  Antipas  (n.r.  I  to 

*  ...  19). 

tin   ye.  ai.  I   Ull   Hut    l-i.    Heboid.    I  rmat  out  derlla. — 


F  jc  (T/u;  Old),  marshal  Soult  (176*- 
1861). 

Foxley  I,  a  ms+ji*- 

■    1 1 1 r- !•■   Latimer  [i.e. 
sir  Arthur  D  uintlet],  after  ha 

had    1  1    by   the    rii'tortj. — Sir 

W.    Scntt,  .'     (time,    George 

III.). 

Fracasse    [Capitame),    the    FrrrKh 
Bombastes  Furioso. — Theophile  Gautier. 

Fra    Diavolo,     the    sobriqi: 
Michel  Pozza,  a  Calabrian  insurgent  and 
brigand  chief.     In   IT:1:*  cardinal 
made  him  a  colonel   in  the  Nea| 
army,  but  in  1806  he  was  captured  by  tin: 
French,    and    hanged   at    Naples.      Aiiber 
has  a  comic-opera  so  entitled,  the  Libretto 
of    which  was  written    by   Scribe,   but 
nothing   of    the    true    character    of    the 
brigand  chief  appean  in  the  opera. 

Fradu'bio  [i.  I 

his  youth  he  loved  Prasliasa,  bnt 
with    her  one  day   they   Pncouni 
knight    accompanied    by    Do 
faith),  and  fought  to  decide  which  lady 

it  fell, 

and   both   ladies   being  saddled 
victor,   I  I  In  r  rival 

tree.      One  day    Fradubio    saw    D 
bathing,  and  was  so  shucked  at  hi  -    I 
fortuity  that  he  determined  to  abandon 
her,  but  tlie  wit<Ji  anointed  him  d 
sleep  with  hens  t,,  produce  insensibility, 
and  then  planted  him  as  a  tree 
Fnelissa.    The  Red  Cross  Knight  plucked 

a   bough   from   this  tree,  and   seeing  \utk 

horror  thai  blood  dripped  from  thi 
of  the  metamon 

. 

Frail  (Mrs.),  ademii  .  i  *a>» 

she  is  a  mixture  t.f   "pride,  fully. 

tatiun,  wantonness,  inconstancy. .-■  . 
oees,  dissimulation,  malice,  and  i^i. 
but  a  celebrated  beauty  "  •    She  ii 

entrapped  into  marriage  w  ith  1  attle.  — W. 
Congri 

Fra  at    at 

Windsor  Castle,  Crockford's,  and 
Freemasons'  ravern.     I 
at  Croekfi  i 

FranoeS,  Vsndunks 

:    Bruges.- 

.    . 

Fra  in  <u 

!  :  i .  anna).    She  \\n*  K'iv«  n 

by  her  father  in  marriage  Ui  Lad 


FRANCESCA. 


352 


FRANKFORD. 


son  of  Malatesta  lord  of  Rimini,  who  was 
deformed.  His  brother  Paolo,  who  was 
a  handsome  man,  won  the  affections  of 
Francesca;  but  being  caught  in  adulter}*, 
both  of  them  were  put  to  death  by  Lan- 
ciotto.  Francesca  told  Dante  that  the 
tale  of  Lancelot  and  Guinever  caused  her 
fall.  The  tale  forms  the  close  of  Dante's 
Hell.v.,  and  is  alluded  to  by  Petrarch  in 
his  Triumph  of  Love,  iii. 

*+*  Leigh  Hunt  has  a  poem  on  the 
subject,  and  Silvio  Pellico  has  made  it 
'the  subject  of  a  tragedy. 

Francesca,  a  Venetian  maiden,  daughter 
of  old  Minotti  governor  of  Corinth.  Alp, 
the  Venetian  commander  of  the  Turkish 
army  in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  loved  her ; 
but  she  refused  to  marry  a  renegade. 
Alp  was  shot  in  the  siege,  and  Francesca 
died  of  a  broken  heart. — Byron,  Sieae  of 
Corinth  (181G). 

Medora,  Neuha,  Leila.  Franceses,  and  Theresa.  It  has 
i'gud,   are  but  children  of  one  family,  with  dif- 
ferences   resulting    from    climate  and  circunuLiiiies. — 
Kiiuieu,  byron  Heautie*. 

%*  "Medora  "  in  The  Corsair  ;  "  Ncu- 
In,"  in  The  Island;  "Leila,"  in  The 
Giaour  ;  and  "Theresa,"  in  Mazeppa. 

Francesco,  the  "Iago"  of  Mas- 
singer's  Dttkt  Of  Milan  ;  the  duke  Sforza 
"the  More"  being  "  Othello  ; "  and  the 
cause  of  hatred  being  that  Sforza  had  se- 
duced "  Kugenia,"  Frain  ■  r.  As 
Iaijo  was  Othello's  favourite  and  ancient, 
8i>  Francesco  was  Sforza's  favourite-  and 
chiflf  minister.  During  Sforza's  absence 
with  the  camp,  Francesco  tried  to  corrupt 
the  duke's  beautiful  young  bride  Marcelia, 
and  being  repulsed,  acciued  her  to  the 
duke  of  wishing  to  play  the  wanton  with 
him.  The  duke  believe  I  his  favourite 
minister,  and  in  his  ma  1  jealousy  ran 
upon  Marcelia  and  slew  her.  He  waa 
then  poisoned  by  Eugenia,  whom  he  had 
seduced. — Maasinger,  The  lhike  of  Milan 
(1622).     (See  FRANCISCO.) 

Francis,  the  faithful,  devoted  servant 
of  "the  stranger."  Quite  impenetrable 
to  all  idle  curiosity. — Benj.  Thompson, 
The  Stramjcr  (1797). 

Francis  (Father),  a  Dominican  monk, 
the  confessor  of  Simon  Glover. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Francis  (Father),  a  monk  of  th*  con- 
vent at  Namnr. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentim 
L\.ruarJ  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Franciscans.  So  called  from  St. 
Francir-  of  Assiui,  their  founder,  in  1208. 


Called  "  Min'orites  "  (or  Inferiors),  froui 
their  professed  humilty  ;  "  Gray  Friars,'* 
from  the  colour  of  their  coarse  clothing  y 
"  Mendicants,"  because  they  obtained 
their  daily  food  by  begging;  "Obser- 
vants," because  they  observed  the  rule 
of  poverty.  Those  who  lived  in  convents 
were  called  "Conventual  Friars." 

Franciscan  Sisters  were  called 
"Clares,"  "  Poor  Clares,"  "Minoresses," 
"  Mendicants,"  and  "  Urbanites  "  (3  syl.). 

Francis'co,  the  son  of  Valentine. 
Both  father  and  son  are  in  love  with 
Collide  (2  syl.),  but  the  lady  naturally 
prefers  the  son. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
M<>ns.  Thomas  (1619). 

Francis'co,  a  musician,  Antonio's  boy 
in  The  Chances,  a  comedy  bv  Beaatront 
and  Fletcher  (1020). 

Frarwisco,   younger  brother  of  Valen- 
tine   (the   gentleman    who    will    not    lie 
persuaded  to  keep  his  estate).   (See  Fu.w- 
1. 1 — Beaumont   and    Fletcher,    WU 

Without  Money  (1G39). 

Frangnestan,  famous  for  enamel. 

Of  complexion  more  fair  than  the  enamel  of  Fran, 
guestan.— W.  Beckford,  VaOuk  (ITeVt). 

Frank,  sister  to  Frederick  ;  passion- 
ately in  love  with  captain  .lac'oino  the 
woman-hater. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Captain  (1C13). 

Frankenstein  (3  syl.),  a  student, 
who  constructed,  out  of  the  fragments  at 
bodies    picked    from    churchyards    and 

•tig-rooms,  a  human  form  without 
a  soul.  The  monster  had  muscular 
strength,  animal  passions,  and  active  life, 
but  "  no  breath  of  divinity."  It  longed 
for  animal  love  and  animal  sympathy,  but 
was  shunned  by  all.  It  was  most  power- 
ful for  evil,  and  being  fully  conscious  of 
its  own  defects  and  deformities,  sought 
with  persistency  to  intlict  retribution  on 
the  young  student  who  had  called  it 
into    being. — Mrs.  Shellev,    Frankenstein 

In  the  summer  of  181*.  lord  Byron  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Sh     q  rarided  on  the  banks  of  the  lake  ..f  Geneta  .  .  . 

a. id  tha  Shelleys  often  passed  their  evenings  with  Byron, 
athu  kouse  at  DsadatL     During  a  week  of  rain  . 

amused   themselves  with  renting  German  gho- 
tuei    agreed    10  write   something    10    imitation    of   them. 
1     I'.vr.m    to    Mr-.  Shelley    "KiU 
publish  ours  together."     He  then  he^.m  his  tale  of  r lie 
rim  ire  .  .   .  but  the  fi  pojft  thtntrsry. 

telling  compact  was  Ms.  Shelley's  wild  r>r>d  •r-verfsj 
romance  of  Frankenrtrt*.—  T.  Moore,  Lift  of  Byrfu 

Frankford  (Mr.  and  Mrs.).  Mrs. 
Frankford  proved  unfaithful  to  her  mar- 
riage vow,  and  Mr.  Frankford  sent  hei 
to  reside  on  one  of  his  estates.     She  died 


FRANKLIN. 


Ml 


FkKDKKH'K.  'I  UK  t.KKAT. 


of  grrcf;  but  on  her  death-bed  her  hus- 
band went  t<>  see  her,  and  forgave  her. — 
John  lleywood,  A  Woman  Kilted  by 
Kindness  ( 1  f>7o'  - 1 845) . 

Franklin  (Lady),  the  half-sister  of 

sir  John  Ycsey,  and  :i  TOUDg  widow. 
Lady  Franklin  had  un  angfliv  temper, 
which  nothing  disturbed,  and  she  really 
believed  that  "whatever  is  is  beat.*1  She 
could  hear  with  unruffled  feathers  even 
the  failure  of  a  new  cap  or  tin-  disappoint- 
ment of  a  new  gown.  This  paragon  of 
iromen  loved  and  married  Mr.  braves, 
x  dolorous  widower,  for  ever  sighing  over 
[he  superlative  excellences  of  his  "sainted 
Maria,"  his  first  wife. — Lord  L.  Bulwer 
Lytton,  Money  (1840). 

Frank' Un  (  The  7V<;s/.),Thaddcus0.acki 

(1705- l*lo). 

Franklin's  Tale  (The),  in  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Talcs,  is  that  of  "  Dorigen  and 
Axvir'agUS."  Dorigen,  a  lady  of  rank, 
married  Arviragus,  out  of  pity  for  his 
love  and  meekness,  <)nc  Anreliua  tried 
to  corrupt  her,  hut  she  said  she  would 
never  listen  to  his  suit  till  "  on  these 
coasts  there  n'is  no  stone  y-secn."  Aure- 
lius  contrived  by  magic  to  clear  the  coast 
of  stones,  and  ArvuagUl  insisted  that 
Dorigen  should  keep  touch  with  him. 
When   Anreliua  beard  thereof,  and   saw 

the  deep  grief  of  the  lady,  he  said  he 
would  rather  die  than  injure  so  true  a 
wilV  and  BO  noble  a  gentleman. 

•#*  This  tale  is  taken  from  The  De- 
oameron,  x.  ft.  (See  DlAKORA,  p.  251.) 
There  is  also  a  very  similar  one  in  Boo- 
eaccio'a  Thilocupo. 

Frankly  (Charles),  a  light-hearted, 
joyous,  enthusiastic  young  man,  in  love 
with    Clarinda,    whom   he    marries. — Dr. 

Hoadly,  The  dutpiciove  husband  (17-17). 
Franval  (Hadame),  horn  of  a  noble 

family,    is  proud   as   the   proudest  of    the 

old  French  n  I  aptain  St.  Alnie, 

the  son  of  a  merchant,  lores  her  daughter ; 
but  the  haughty  aristocrat  looks  with 
disdain  on  such  an  alliance.  However, 
h  r  daughter  Marianne  i>  of  another  wav 
of  thinking,  and  lovea  the  merchants 
son.  Her  brother  intercedes  in  her  behalf | 
and  Tin  lame  ' 1 1 .- 1 k ■  ■  -  a  virtue  of  necessity, 
will  as  much  grace  as  possible. — Th. 
Holeroft,   /'.    lh  i/  .(-(,/  /'..  . 

Fra'toret'to,  a  Rend,  who  told 
twit   Nero  n  •  r  in  the  Ijike  of 

■  -s.  —  Shakespeare,      King      l*ar 
UflOftj, 


Fraud,  seen  by  I  (ante  between  Lbs 
sixth  and  seventh  circles  of  Uie  Inferno. 

'.- 
.  I  not  on  lite  ill  <n  ku  botul  ltjuii. 
•  <>f  a  ju»i  man  > 

I    I.IVI 

out 
And  i  I  ,  tinted  uer  »n. 

And  oruiu. 

UmiiK,  litis,  itiI.  UVO). 

Freckles  Cured.    "Theenti 
crocodi  I  rvid,  "  are  excel 

take  freckles  or  Bpota  from  the  fa 
to  whiten  the  skin."    A  I  island 

in  the   mouth  of  the    Nile,  abounded  in 
crocodiles,  the  poet  ail.  rho  are 

swarthy  and  freckled  to  u.-e  the   l'haiian 
wash. 

If  swarthy,  to  tlie  Phi 

OwU.  .(  rl  u/  Lor*.  llL  (B.C.  I). 

Fred  or  Frederick  Lewis  prince  of 
Wales,  father  of  George  III.,  was  struck 
by   a    cricket-ball   in  front  of  Cliefden 

House,  in    the  autumn   of    1750,  and  died 
the     following     Spring.        It   was    of    this 
prince    that    it   was    written,    by    ■ 
epitaph  : 

II     mi  allv*.  ami  It  ilcvl ; 

Anil  M 

Why,  thare'i  un  mon  to  l«  said 

Frederick,  the  usurping  duke,  father 
of  Celia  and  uncle  ol  Rosalind.     He  was 

about  to    make   war    upon    his    banished 

brother,  when  a  hermit  encountered  him, 
and  BO  completely  changed  him  that  he 
v  restored  his  brother  to  his  duke- 
dom, but  he  retired  to  a  religioua  house, 
and  passed  the  rest  of  his  life  in  penitence 
and  aets  of  devotion.  —  Shakespeare,  As 
You  Like  It  (1598  . 

Frederick,  the  unnatural  and  licentious 
brother    of    Alphonso   kim;    of    N 
whose  kingdom   he  usurped.     He  tried 
to  seduee    Evanl   i  ■   the  chaste 

u  iie  of  \  alerio,  but  nol  ;  in  his 

infamous  design,  he  offered  I 

Cubine  for  one  month   to  any  one  who.  at 

the  end  of  that  period,  would  \  ii 

head     to     the     block.       A  "ouid 

accept  the  terms.  Evanthfi  was  • 

to  her  husband.—  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

A  Wi 

Fr,  derick  | /'■  n),a  Portuguese  merchant, 
the  frond  of  don   Felix.-    Mr-.  I  mtlivre, 
Wonder  (V,  1 1). 

Fred,  ink  the  Great  in  Flight. 

In     17  11    was   the    battle   of    IIoIh 

which  the  Prussians  carried  the  da 

istriana  fled;  but  Frederick,   who 

commanded  the  cavalry,  was  put  to  I'jgut 
2    A 


FREEBORN  JOHN. 


354 


FRIARS. 


early  in  the  action,  and  thinking  that  all 
was  lost,  tied  with  his  staff  maDy  miles 
from  the  scene  of  action. 

Frederick  the  Great  from  Molwitz  deigned  to  run. 
Bjtou,  Don  Juan,  viii.  12  (1824). 

Freeborn  John,  John  Lilbume,  the 
republican  (161&-1G57). 

Freehold,  a  grumpy,  rusty,  but 
Boft-hearted  old  gentleman  farmer,  who 
hates  all  new-fangled  notions,  and  de- 
tests "men  of  fashion."  He  lives  in  his 
farm-house  with  his  niece  and  daughter. 

Aura  Freehold,  daughter  of  Freehold. 
A  pretty,  courageous,  high-spirited  lass, 
wr.o  wins  the  heart  of  Modely,  a  man  of 
tlit  world  and  a  libertine. — John  Philip 
Kemble,  The  Farm-house. 

Freelove  (Lady),  aunt  to  Harriot 
[Russet].  A  woman  of  the  world,  "as 
mischievous  as  a  monkey,  and  as  cunning 
too"  (act  i.  1). — George  Colman,  Tlte 
Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Freeman  (Charles),  the  friend  of 
Lovel,  whom  he  assists  in  exposing  the 
extravagance  of  his  servants. — Rev.  J. 
Townley,  Hiyh  Life  Below  Stairs  (17(>3). 

Free'man  (Sir  Charles),  brother  of  Mrs. 
Sullen  and  friend  of  Aimwell. — George 
Farquhar,  The  Beaux'  Stratagem  (1705). 

Free'man  (Mrs.),  a  name  assumed  by 
the  duchess  of  Marlborough  in  her  cor- 
respondence with  queen  Anne,  who 
called  herself  "  Mrs.  Morley." 

Freemason  (The  lady),  the  Hon. 
Miss  Elizabeth  St.  Leger  (afterwards 
Mrs.  Aldworth),  daughter  of  Arthur  lord 
L'oneraile.  In  order  to  witness  the  pro- 
ceedings of  a  lodge  held  in  her  father's 
house,  she  hid  herself  in  an  empty  clock- 
ca.se ;  but,  being  discovered,  she  was 
compelled  to  become  a  member  of  the 
craft. 

Freemasons'  Buildings.  St. 
Paul's  Cathedral,  London,  in  604,  and 
St.  Peter's,  Westminster,  in  605,  were 
both  built  by  freemasons.  Gundulph 
bishop  of  Rochester,  who  built  White 
Tcwer,  was  a  grand  -  master ;  so  was 
Peter  of  Colechurch,  architect  of  Old 
London  Bridge.  Henry  VI I. 's  Chapel, 
Westminster,  is  the  work  of  a  master 
mason.  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  who 
planned  the  Royal  Exchange,  was  also  a 
mister  mason  ;  so  were  Inigo  Jones  and 
sir  Christopher  Wren.  Covent  Garden 
Theatre  was  founded,  in  1808,  by  the 
prince  of  Wales,  in  his  capacity  of  grand- 
master 


Free'port  (Sir  Andrew),  a  London 
merchant,  industrious,  generous,  and  of 
sound  good  sense.  He  was  one  of  the 
members  of  the  hypothetical  club  under 
whose  auspices  the  Spectator  was  enter- 
Drised. 

Freiherr  von  Guttingen,  having 
collected  the  poor  of  his  neighbourhood 
in  a  great  barn,  burnt  them  to  death,  and 
mocked  their  cries  of  agony.  Being 
invaded  by  a  swarm  of  mice,  he  shut 
himself  up  in  his  castle  of  Guttingen,  in 
the  lake  of  Constance  ;  but  the  vermin 
pursued  him,  and  devoured  him  alive. 
The  castle  then  sank  in  the  lake,  and 
may  still  be  seen  there.     (See  Hatto.) 

Freisehiitz  (Ber),  a  legendary 
German  archer,  in  league  with  the  devil. 
The  devil  gave  him  seven  balls,  six  of 
which  were  to  hit  with  certainty  any 
mark  he  aimed  at ;  but  the  seventh  was 
to  be  directed  according  to  the  will  of 
the  giver. — Weber,  Der  Freisehiitz  (an 
opera,  1822). 

***  The  libretto  is  by  F.  Kind,  taken 
from  Apel's  Gespensterbuch  (or  ghost 
book).  A  translation  of  Apel's  story 
may  be  found  in  Be  Quincey's  works. 

Freron  (Jean),  the  person  bitten  by 
a  mad  dog,  referred  to  by  Goldsmith  in 
the  lines : 

The  man  recovered  of  the  bite 
The  dog  it  was  that  died. 

Elegit  on  a  Had  Dtg. 
Un  serpent  mordit  Jean  Freron,  eh  Lien? 
Le  ;*rpent  en  mourut. 
Gibbon,  Decline  and  Fall,  etc.,  vii.  4  (Milman's  notes). 

Freston,  an  enchanter,  introduced  in 
the  romance  of  Bon  Belia'nis  of  Greece. 

J'resion,  the  enchanter,  who  bore  don 
Quixote  especial  ill-will.  When  the 
knight's  library  was  destroyed,  he  wus 
told  that  some  enchanter  had  carried  off 
the  books  and  the  cupboard  which  con- 
tained them.  The  niece  thought  the  en- 
chanter's name  was  Munatou  ;  but  the 
don  corrected  her,  and  said,  "You  mean 
Freston."  "  Yes,  yes,"  said  the  niece, 
"  I  know  the  name  ended  in  ton." 

"  That  Freston."  said  the  knight.  "  Is  doing  me  all  th» 
mischief  his  malevolence  can  invent ;  but  1  regard  hinj 
not.*— Ch.  7. 

"Tliat  cursed  Freston,"  said  the  knight,  "who  stole 
my  closet  and  books,  has  transformed  the  giants  into 
windmills"  (ch.  8). — Cervantes,  Don  QuixoU,  I.  i.  (16o5). 

Friars.  The  four  great  religious 
orders  were  Dominicans,  Franciscans, 
Augustines,  and  Car'melites  (3  syt.). 
Dominicans  are  called  black  friars,  Fran- 
ciscans gray  friars,  and  the  other  two 
white  friars.  A  fifth  order  was  the 
Trinitarians   or  Crutched  friars,  a  latei 


FKlAk>    , 


855 


foundation.  The  Dominican*  were  fur- 
thermore called  /■  rtt,  and  the 
Franciscans  fVoft 

(Fof  friars  f:m\cil  in  table  01  ctory,  »ee 
under   each  name    or    pseu- 

donym.) 

Friar's  Talo  (77.,),  by  Chin; 

mterbury   Tales  (1888).     An  arch - 

it    sumftoour   u    bie 

secret  spy  to  Bnd  out  offenders,  with  the 

view    of    exacting    tines    frmii    them.      In 

order  to  accomplish  this  more  effectually, 

the  sumpnoiir  entered  into  a  compact 
with   the   devil,   disguised   as   n   yeomim. 

Those  who  imprecated  the  devil  were  to 
Jt  with  by  the  yeoman-devil,  and 
IhoM  who  imprecated  God  were  to  be 
tin  sumpnoure  share.  They  came  in 
time  to  an  old  woman  "of  whom  they 
knew  no  wrong,'1  and  demanded  twelve 
pence     "for      cursing."       She      pleaded 

poverty,  when  the  rampnoar  exclaimed, 
"The  foul   fiend   fetch  me  if   I   • 

thee  !  "  and  immediately  the  foul  fiend 
at  hit  Hide  did  seize  him,  and  made  nil 
with  him  too. 

Fribble,     a     contemptible      molly- 
coddle, troubled  with  weak  nerves,     lie 
as  like  a  lady  for  all  the  world,  and 
■ever swears.  .  .  .  He  wears  nice  white 

-.     ami     tells     his     lady-love     what 

ribbons  become  her  nplexion,  where 

t.'  Miek   her  pa  tehee,  who  is  the  best 

milliner,    when'    they    sell    the    besl    tea. 

a/hat  is  the  best  wash  for  the  fa 

{ha     !•  f0»    the     hands.       lie    is 

always  playing  with  his  lady's  fan,  and 
Showing  his  teeth."  He  Bays  when  he  is 
married  : 

"All  tlir  dOBMBtk  l.inlnanwllt  I*  t«Vrn  fn.ni  mjr  wlfe'l 
hands.     I  thall  nmkr  Hip  Ira.  nob  tl.r  dap 
~.   J/.«J  in  //.r 

Fridny  (My  man),  a  young  Indian, 
whom  Robinson  I  rusoe  saved  from  death 
on  n  Friday,  and  kept  as  hi 
companion  on  the  desert  ials 

li  .»■  ( 1700). 

Friday  Street  (London),    s. 
I 

rved  the  Friday  mark 

Friday    Treo    (A),    a    trial, 
fortune,  called   from    the 

"  sect  ■  "ii  «  hich  the  Saviour 

was  crucified  on  a  1  riday. 

.         Nell 

Friend   Of  the  martini* 

de  Mi:  .      railed   from   one   ol    his 


1  1716- 

Friends. 

•.Uie;ne  and  F.tienne  da 

la  I-  .tie. 

'. 

;  "1  Sthcn'al  -.■•ndaa 

and   P( 
gi'ton  ;Hen 

.    !' 

■  » 

(2  syl.)  and  Pirith1 

Jews:     David    and    Jonatnan  ;    I 
and  the  beloved  di 

1  tamon      and     Pythias ; 
SacharisM  and  A 

N  i-u-  and  l'.ury  aluB. 

t»t  i.wii.  i:    tory:  Amy»  and   An ■>- 
lion. 

Friends  Falling  out. 

Faint  friend*,  when  IBh  >  U   "it.  Boat  owl  fo»tn»n  ha. 

Fri'  •    a     p.uty 

baronet  li\  :  Uy  Hall. 

nas. 

Fra  . .    .  "sans 

and  feJUow-coUegian  with  Ned  Blui 
ton. 

Dinah      !  f      str 

Thomas.    Bhe  marries  Edward  Blushing- 

the  bashful  man."  —  \\  .    i . 
crietf,    1 

Frithiof  [/Hf.yo/],  a  hero  of  Ioe- 
landic    story.      He     a  arri<  d     I:  . 
,  daugbtei 

pan  km;;,  and  the  \s  id 

adventures    ar>-    record*  d   in 

Icelan  I  th  eenturi  . 

*,* 

roundwork  of  his  poem  en- 
titled Frith 

Frii 

*** 
ami  .! 
guiah." 

Frit  I'red.ri.k       11. 

Prussia    (1712, 

.. 

f 
fiowi  r^,   ti.e   only   i>ni  in    t»iw 

al.oiit.—  K.     Stirl. 

fit  its  (1 

1 ' 
Dutch 

. 

t»  Ih»  nrrrm  •* 
..  rnaod .  »d»d«« 

-• 


FROLLO. 


35o 


FUDGE  FAMILY. 


never  lust  a  farthing  by  careless  servants  or  bad  debts. 
He  did  not  care  much  for  any  sort  of  diversions,  except 
tricks  of  high  German  artists  and  legerdemain  ;  no  man 
exceeded  Nic.  in  these.  Yet  it  must  be  owned  '.hot  Nlc. 
«u  a  fair  dealer,  andin  th  at  way  acquired  immense  richea. 
—  Dr.  Arbulbnot,  History  qf  John  /Jail,  v.  (171:2). 

%*  "Frogs"  are  called  Dutch  night- 
ingales. 

Frollo  (Claude),  an  archdeacon,  ab- 
sorbed by  a  search  after  the  philosophers' 
st.»ne.  He  has  a  great  reputation  for 
sanctity,  but  entertains  a  base  passion 
for  Esmeralda,  the  beautiful  gipsy  girl. 
Quasimodo  flings  him  into  the  air  from 
the  top  of  Notre  Dame,  and  dashes  him  to 
death. — Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dante  de 
Paris  (1831). 

Fronde  War  (The),  a  political 
squabble  during  the  ministry  of  Maz'- 
arin  in  the  minority  of  Louis  XIV.  (lt»48— 
L653). 

Frondeur,  a  "  Mrs.  Candour,"  a 
backbiter,  a  railer,  a  scandal-monger ;  any 
one  who  flings  stones  at  another.  (French, 
frondeur,  "a  slinger," /rwu&,',  "a  sling.") 

"  AiH  what  about  Dlebltsch  t"  began  another  frondeur. 
—  rtra,  aofl. 

Frondeurs,  the  malcontents  in  tie 
Fronde  war. 

They  were  like  schoolboys  who  sling  stones  about  the 
streets.  When  no  eye  is  upon  them  they  are  bold  as 
bullies  ;  but  the  moment  a  "policeman"  approaches,  off 
tiny  scamper  to  any  ditch  for  concealment. — Montnlat. 

Front  de  Boeuf  (Sir  Btgmald),  a 
follower  of  prince  John  of  Anjou,  and 
one  of  the  knight's  challengers. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Frontaletto,  the  name  of  Sa'cri- 
pant'3  horse.  The  word  means  "  Little 
head." — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1510). 

Fronti'no,  the  horse  of  Brada- 
nian'te  (4  syl.).  Roge'ro'a  horse  bore  the 
name  name.  The  word  means  "  Little 
head." — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

The  renowned  Frontino,  which  Brariamantd  purchased 
at  so  high  a  price,  could  never  be  thought  thy  oquaj  (i.e. 
Koiinanlo't  eyua/].— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote  (1H06). 

Frost  (Jack),  Frost  personified. 

Jack  Print  looked  forth  one  still,  clear  night, 
Ami  he  said,  "  Now  I  shall  be  out  of  sight. 
So  over  the  valley  nnd  over  the  height 
In  silence  I'll  take  my  way." 

Miss  Gould. 

Froth  (Master),  a  foolish  gentleman. 
Too  shallow  for  great  crime  and  too  light 
for  virtue.. — Shakespeare,  Aleasure  for 
Measure  '(1603). 

Froth  (Lord),  a  good  boon  companion  ; 
but  he  vows  that  "  he  laughs  at  nobody's 
jesus  but  his  own  or  a  lady's."  He  says, 
44  Nothing  is  more  unbecoming  a  man  of 


quality  than  a  laugh ;  'tis  such  a  vulgar 
expression  of  the  passion  ;  every  one  can 
laugh."  To  lady  Froth  he  is  most  gallant 
and  obsequious,  though  her  fidelity  to  he« 
liege  lord  is  by  no  means  immaculate. 

Lady  Froth,  a  lady  of  letters,  who  writes 
songs,  elegies,  satires,  lampoons,  plays, 
and  so  "n.  She  thinks  her  lord  the 
most  polished  of  all  men,  and  his  bow 
the  pattern  of  grace  and  elegance.  She 
writes  an  heroic  poem  called  The  Syl- 
labub, the  subject  of  which  is  lord 
Froth's  love  to  herself.  In  this  poem 
she  calls  her  lord  "Spumoso"  (Froth). 
and  herself  "Biddy"  (her  own  name;. 
Her  conduct  with  Mr.  Brisk  is  most  blam- 
able. — W.  Congreve,  The  Double  Dealer 
(1700). 

Frothal,  king  of  Sora,  and  son  of 
Annir.  Being  driven  by  tempest  to 
Sarno,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  he  was 
hospitably  entertained  by  the  king,  and 
fell  in  love  with  Coma'la,  daughter  of 
Starno  king  of  Inistore  or  the  Orkneys. 
He  would  have  carried  her  off  by  violence, 
but  her  brother  Cathulla  interfered,  bound 
Frothal,  and,  after  keeping  him  in  bondi 
for  three  days,  sent  him  out  of  the  island. 
When  Starno  was  gathered  to  his  fathers, 
Frothal  returned  and  laid  siege  to  the 
palace  of  Cathulla  ;  but  Fingal,  happen- 
ing to  arrive  at  the  island,  met  Frothal 
in  single  combat,  overthrew  him,  and 
would  have  slain  him,  if  Utha  his  oe- 
trothed  (disguised  in  armour)  bad  not 
interposed.  When  Fingal  knew  that 
Utha  was  Frothal's  sweetheart,  he  not 
only  spared  the  foe,  but  invited  both  to 
the  palace,  where  they  passed  the  night  in 
banquet  and  song. — Ossian,  Carrie-  Thura. 

Fruit  at  a  CalL  In  the  tale  of 
"The  White  Cat,"  one  of  the  fairies,  in 
order  to  supply  a  certain  queen  with  ripe 
fruit,  put  her  lingers  in  her  mouth,  blew 
three  times,  and  then  cried  : 

"  Apricots,  peaches,  nectarines,  plums,  cherries,  pears, 
mtirmi.  grapes,  apples,  omnia*,  ciirons.  sjBOMMn  ies, 
currants,  straw  lorries,  raspberries,  and  all  sorts  of  fruit; 
coma  at  my  call  i"  .  .  .  And  they  came  rolling  in  wtthuul 
injur)'. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  fairy  Talet  ("The  While 
Cat,"  1682). 

Fuar'fed  (3  syl.),  an  island  of  Scan- 
dinavia. 

Fudge  Family  (The),  a  family 
supposed  by  T.  Moore  to  be  visiting 
Pans  after  the  peace.  It  consists  of  I'hiJ 
Fudge,  Esq.,  his  son  Robert,  his  daughter 
Biddy,  and  a  poor  relation  named  Phelim 
Connor  (an  ardent  Bonapartist  and  Irish 
patriot)  acting  as  bear-leader  to  H"b. 
These  four  write  letters  to  their  fne.-i'l* 


FULUKNTlu. 


;>;.; 


PI  BOB. 


in  England.  Th€  f kit  i ^  meant  to  sa- 
tirize tneparnanu  English  abroad. 

I'/ul  Fudge,  J  ■</.,  father  of  Bob  and 
Biddy  Podge;  •  hack  writer  d< 
to  legitimacy  and  the  Bourbons.  He 
is  a  secret  agent  of  l> >r<i  Castlereagh 
I  A'lr.'.N.'.r  j  /J,  to  whom  headdresses  Letten 
u.  and  ix.,  and  pointa  oat  to  hii  lordflhip 
that  Robert  Pudge  will  be  very  glad  u> 
receive  ■  snug  Government  Appointment] 
and  hopes  that  bis  Lordship  will  not  fail 
to  bear  him  in  mind.  Letter  vi.  he  ad- 
dresses to  his  brother,  showing  how  the 
Pudge  family  is  prospering,  and  ending 
thus: 

Should  we  bat  ntlllfnii'r  (he  %mj 
Of  Bidnioiith  nml  of  Castlereagh, 

Winn  bglaniri  ■  ■  ■•  --i  lUlamim,  j\uljcca, 
I.i-.     rs.  iwera,  will  nil  be— FUDGES. 

i/i'ss  Biddy  Fudge,  a  sentimental  pirl 
of  \x,  in  love  with  ''romances,  high  bon- 
nets, and  Bide.  Le  Roy."  She  writes 
letters  i.,  v.,  x.,  and  x i i . ,  describing  to 
her  friend  Dolly  or  Dorothy  the  sights 
of  Paris,  and  especially  how  she  he- 
comes  acquainted  with  a  gentleman 
whom  she  believes  to  be  the  king  of 
Prussia  in  disguise,  but  afterwards  she 
discovers  that  her  disguised  king  calls 
himself  "colonel  Calicot."  Going  with 
her  brother  to  buy  soma  handkerchiefs, 
her  visions  of  glory  are  sadly  dashed 
when  "the  hero  she  fondly  had  fancied 
a  king  "  turns  out  to  be  ■  common 
linen-draper.  "  1  ben  stood  the  rile  trea- 
cherous thing,  with  the  yard-measure  in 
his  band."  "  <  toe  tear  or  compassion  for 
year  poor  heart-broken  friend.  P.S. 
You  will  be  delighted  to  knew  we  are 

going  to  hear  Brunei  to-night,  and  have 
obtained  the  governor's  box  ;  we  shall  all 
enjoy  a  hearty  good  laugh,  1  am  sure." 

Boo  or  Robert  Fudge,  son  of  l'hil 
..,  a  young  exquisite  of  the 
first  water,  writes  Letters  iii.  and  riiL  to 
his  friend  Richard.  These  letters  describe 
how  French  dandies  dress,  eat,  and  kill 
time.— T.  Moore    I 

•V*  A  sequel,  called  The  Fwlje  Family 
in  England,  was  published. 

Fulgentio,  a  kinsman  of  Bobeito 
(king  of  the  two  Sicilies).     He  was  the 

rising    and    most    insolent    man    in 

tin  court.  Cami'ola  calls  him  "a  Bait* 
broker," and  says  he  had  the  worst  report 

aiiumg  nil  good  men  for  bribery  and  6X- 
tortion,     This  canker  obtained  the  kings 

leave  for  his  marriage  with  (ainiola,  and 
he  pleaded  his  suit  not  a  favour  ; 

but  the  lad]  rejected  him  with  scorn,  and 
aVdeni  killed  the  arrogant  "sprig  of  no- 


bilitv "  in  a  duel.     Maasinger,  Tkt  Maid 

Fulmor,   a    man    with    many   shift*, 
mine  of  which  succeeded.     He  as 

■•  i  ii«>c  i«>i  ■  i  awo— a—  ■  .  . 

I    have    blujl<T.-l    '  "-I    1" 

I  ..U11I17  ;  1    bate 

u>  betray    It  ...  I    have   talked   trauon.  wrt» 
And  here   I  fl  il|>  a.,  a  l..ik»-;irr.  1ml   mrH 
lca>c  off  reading  .  mi.1  If  1  vara  to  Bun  butcbar.  1  ballera 
.  .  .  thr.  d  leare  oft"  eaung ."— Act  II.  L 

Patty  Fulmar,  an  unprinci] 
woman,   living  with   Palmer,   with    the 

brevet   rank  of  wife.     B  .d'.ir, 

a  scandal-monger,  anything,  in  short,  to 

turn  a  penny  by  ;  but  her  villainy  brings 
her   to    grief. — Cumberland, 
Indian  (1771). 

Fum,  George  IV.     The  ("hinf- 
is  a  mixture  of  goose,  stag,  and  snake, 
with  the  beak   of  a   cock  j  a  eonibinati'Hi 
of  folly,  cowardice,  malice,  and  coneul. 

And  where  li  Kum  the  Fonrtli.  our  rojml  Mr!  I 

•i.    jU   79  U**0 

Ftim-Hoam.  the    mandarin  M 
stored    Malek-al-S  iliin     king 
to  his  throne,  and  related   t"  the 
daughter    Gulchenraz     [Gnndogd 
numerous  metamor]  -    Bi    a 

Piurash,     who    murdered    Biamek    the 
usurper ;  then  a  flea  ;  then  a  little  dog ; 

then  un  Indian  maiden  named  HaasOfUna; 
then  B  bee  ;  then  a  cricket  j    then  a  :: 

then  Abxenderoud  the  imaum';  then  the 

daughter  of  a  rich   Indian  merchant,  the 

.  the  greatest  beauty  of 
Greece  ;   then   a    I  found   by  a 

dyer   in   a   box;  then   Dugmfl  onei 
Persia :   then    a    young    woman    named 
Hengu;  then  an  ape;  then  a  midwife's 
daughter  of  Tartary  ;  then  the  01 
of  the  sultan  uf  Ag»;  then  an  Arabian 
phj  ucian  ;  then  a  wild  man  named  I  - 

then  a  slave  ;   then   the   son  of  a  cadi   of 
l'.r.eruni;   I  BJ  then  an  Indian 

prince;    and    lastly     1  iim-1  bam. —  1.     X 

Gueulette,  Chm  $  !'•..■    (171 

Fuin-Il>*un.  first  president  of  t)  • 
menial  ncudeinv  of  Pekin. — Gohlsmitb, 

Fumitory     ("ci'.'Wttv  *<•"),     onc« 
thought    to    be   Unelicial   for  din.'  I 
sight. 

1  T\t  KtftO)  fumitory  «rU  and  «*»  hrKrht  for  I 
lira, tun.  IVr>l»""i    > 

I-'umko'so,  a    character    in    Hon   Jon- 
.1   in   His    !r 

In' 

Furor  <  '•'".,  .  .iiuiuluiu 


FUSBERTA. 


358  GABRIEL  LAJEUNNESSE. 


of  great  strength,  the  son  of  Occasion. 
Sir  Guyon,  the  "Knight  of  Te.nperance," 
overcomes  both  Furor  and  his  mother, 
and  rescues  Phaon  from  their  clutches. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  4  (1590). 

Fusber'ta,  the  sword  of  Rinaldo. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (151G). 

Fus'bos,  minister  of  state  to  Artax- 
am'inous  king  of  Uto'pia.  When  the 
king  cuts  down  the  boots  which  Bombastes 
has  hung  defiantly  on  a  tree,  the  general 
engages  the  king  in  single  combat,  and 
slays  him.  Fusbos,  then  coming  up, 
kills  Bombastes,  "  who  conquered  all  but 
Fusbos,  Fusbos  him."  At  the  close  of 
the  farce,  the  slain  ones  rise  one  after 
the  other  and  join  the  dance,  promising 
"to  die  again  to-morrow,"  if  the  audience 
desires  it. — W.  B.  Rhodes,  Bombastes 
Furioso. 

Fus'bos,  a  nom  de  plume  of  Henry  Plun- 
kett,  one  of  the  first  contributors  to  Punch. 

Fy'rapel  (Sir),  the  leopard,  the 
nearest  kinsman  of  king  Lion,  in  the 
beaat-epic  of  lieynard  the  Fox  (1-198). 


G. 


Gabble  Retchet,  a  cry  like  that  of 
hounds,  heard  at  night,  foreboding  trouble. 
Said  to  be  the  souls  of  unbaptized  chil- 
dren wandering  through  the  air  till  the 
day  of  judgment. 

Gabor,  a  Hungarian  who  aided 
Ulric  in  saving  count  Stral'enheim  from 
the  Oder,  and  was  unjustly  suspected  of 
being  his  murderer. — Byron,  Werner 
(1822). 

Ga'briel  (2  or  3  syl.),  according  to 
Milton,  is  called  "chief  of  the  angelic 
guards  "  (Paradise  Lost,  iv.  549)  ;  but  in 
bk.  vi.  44,  etc.,  Michael  is  said  to  be  "  of 
celestial  armies  prince,"  and  Gabriel  "in 
uilitary  prowess  next." 

Go,  Michael,  of  celestial  armies  prince  : 
And  thou  in  military  prowess  next, 
Gabriel ;  lead  forth  to  battle  these  my  sons 
Invincible. 

Milton.  Paradite  l.ott,  vi.  44,  etc  (1665). 

*»*  Gabriel  is  also  called  "  The  Mes- 
senger of  the  Messiah,"  because  he  was 
sent  by  the  Messiah  to  execute  his  orders 
on    the    earth.      He    is    referred    to    in 


Daniel  viii.  16,  ix.  21 ;  And  in  Luke  i. 
19,  2G. 

Gabriel  (according  to  the  Koran  and 
Sale's  notes) : 

1.  It  is  from  this  angel  that  Ma- 
homet professes  to  have  received  the 
Koran  ;  and  he  acts  the  part  of  the  Holy 
Ghost  in  causing  believers  to  receive  th« 
divine  revelation. — Ch.  ii. 

2.  It  was  the  angel  Gabriel  that  won 
the  battle  of  Bedr.  Mahomet's  forces 
were  319,  and  the  enemy's  a  thousand: 
but  Gabriel  (1)  told  Mahomet  to  throw 
a  handful  of  dust  in  the  air,  and  on  so 
doing  the  eyes  of  the  enemy  were  "  con- 
founded ; "  (2)  he  caused  the  army  oi 
Mahomet  to  appear  twice  as  many  as 
the  army  opposed  to  it ;  (3)  he  brought 
from  heaven  3000  angels,  and,  mounted 
on  his  horse  Hai'zum,  led  them  against 
the  foe. — Ch.  iii. 

3.  Gabriel  appeared  twice  to  Ma- 
homet in  his  angelic  form:  first  "in 
the  highest  part  of  the  horizon,"  and 
next  "by  the  lote  tree"  on  the  right 
hand  of  the  throne  of  God. — Ch.  liv. 

4.  Gabriel's  horse  is  called  Hai'zum, 
and  when  the  golden  calf  was  made,  a 
little  of  the  dust  from  under  this  horse"s 
feet  being  thrown  into  its  mouth,  the  cali 
began  to  low,  and  received  life. — Ch.  ii. 

Gabriel  (according  to  other  legends)  : 

The  Persians  call  Gabriel  "  the  angel 
of  revelations,"  because  he  is  so  fre- 
quently employed  by  God  to  carry  His 
messages  to  man. 

The   Jews   call   Gabriel    their   enem> 
and  the  messenger  of  wrath ;  but  Michael 
they  call  their  friend,  and  the  messenger 
of  all  good  tidings. 

In  mediaeval  romance,  Gabriel  is  the 
second  of  the  seven  spirits  which  stand 
before  the  throne  of  God,  and  he  is 
frequently  employed  to  carry  the  prayers 
of  man  to  heaven,  or  bring  the  messages 
of  God  to  man. 

Longfellow,  in  the  Golden  Legend, 
makes  Gabriel  "  the  angel  of  the  moon," 
and  says  that  he  "  brings  to  man  the  gift 
of  hope." 

Gabriel  Iiajeuimesse,  son  of 
Basil  the  blacksmith  of  Grand  Prd,  in 
Acadia  (now  Nova  Scotia).  He  was 
legally  plighted  to  Evangeline,  daughter 
of  Benedict  Bellefontaine  (the  richest 
farmer  of  the  village)  ;  but  next  day  all 
the  inhabitants  were  exiled  by  order  of 
George  II.,  and  their  property  confiscated. 
Gabriel  was  parted  from  his  troth-pJight 
wife,    and    Evangeline    spent  her  w'icl« 


GABRIELLE. 


GALAHAD. 


lii<-  in  trying  to  Dnd  him.  After  many 
.  she  went  to  Philadelphia, 
and  became  ■  sister  of  mere]  . 
plague  visited  this  city,  and  in  the  alms- 
.%■  ;m  c.,.i  man  stricken 
down  by  I  tbriel. 

lie  tried  to  whisper  her  name,  bat  died 
in  the  attempt.      He    mu    buried,   and 
Evangeline  lies  beside  him  in  the  . 
. 

Gabrielle  {Charmaate),  <>r  La  I'-clle 
< 

(grand-master  "i  artillery  and  ^"vvriinr 
ice).     Henri  [V. 

'1  to  stay  for  the  night  lit  the 
chateau  de  Cecums, and  fell  in  love  ■with 
Gabrielle,  then  19  yean  old.  To  throw 
a  veil  over  his  intrigue,  he  gave  her  in 
mania  merva)    ds    Lianconrt, 

.   her    duchess   of    Beaufort,   and 
took  h'-r  to  Lii  a  w  ith  him  at  court. 

The     song      beginning     "Charmante 
Gabrielle  .  .  ."  is  ascribed  to  Henri  IV. 

Gabri'na,  wife  of  Arge'o  baron  of 
Bervia,  tried  to  seduce  rhilan 
Dutch  knight;  but  Philander  Bed  from 
the  house,  when  lie  wag  a  guest.  She 
then  accused  him  to  her  husband  of  a 
wanton  insult,  snd  Argeo,  having  appre- 
.  him,  confined  him  in  a  dungeon. 
One  day,  Gabrina  visited  him  tin  i 
implored  him  to  save,  her  from  a  knight 
who  sought  to  dishonour  her.     Philander 

willin. 

the  kught,  who  proved  i<>  be  her  hus- 
band. Gabrina  then  told  her  champion 
that  if  he  refused  to  marry  her,  she  would 
accuse  him  of  murder  to  the  magi 
On  this  threat  he  married  her,  but  ere 
long  was  killed  by  poison.    Gabrii 

r.-.l  about   the   country  ai   an   old 
ha;;,  and  being  fastened  on  <  klori'i 

y  him  to  the  branch  of  an  i 

Ghtbriolat'tA,  f  Brittany, 

.  by   Am'adui   de   Gaul    from    the 
C  the     brat  est     and 
f     all     giai 

^fnur- 
teenth  century). 

Gadshill,  a  companion  of  sir  John 

FalstalT.      ThilS    thief    n  I   name 

.ill,    on    the 

many 

'  there. 

•p*arc,  1  /. 

• 
<  >'»       yj    nnd     M  [A 

rj.        U  m,;  |      kir 


Turquine,    he     wm     i  by     sir 

caught  his   moth  i 

Lamorake,  and,  i. 

strut  r. 

■ 

.    .       Ail 

I   cuu»- 
•       mm§ 
V  Prftet  Artku- 

Qaiour  \Dhw*r\.  ■  'una, 

and  Esther  ox  ]  -  sat* 

tiful    womai  ;rtli"). 

Badonra  man 

rnaralzanian      and      Badoura   ).         (See 

Ga. 
Launcelot   and    the    Caii 
Pellet  i  da 
fulfilled  a  prophecy  tfa  it 

the  mother  "f   the  noblest  knight 

that    n 

ha_\  ■  that  sir   Launo  lot  of  the 

eighth  degree  from  our 

.nth  .  .  .  and, tin 

be  they  the  .  ill  the 

world      (jt.   m.   86).     Hi-    rword    was 

rhich  sir  B  m  the 

maiden's  scabbard  (see  I "•  x :  in  .  and  hn 

• 
I 

Arimathy.      It    was  a  snow-w 

ich  Jneepb  hid  i 
his    blood    i|'t.    111.    89).    After 

adventures,   • 

where 

I  i  "f    Arimathy,   and 
even  "took  the  Lord's  bodj  between  his 

ly    "a 
^reat  multitude  of 

up  t.i  heaven,"  a:   : 

DO   man    th. i-  k1  MSB]   Ui« 

•  1  "  (|it.  in. 

knii;ht  who 
Could  sit  in  a   neat 

in    the    Bound    1 
knight  destiw  d  to  ac 

the     li  , 

could  sit  in  it  without  peril  of  In*  lifo 

ijt.    iii.    ...■  .       1  :\    the 

iron    n 
no  oti.    : 

I 

.  raal.        \\  . 

; 

inaa 

v    n  ith 

f 
r.       ri  pr  - 


GALAHALT. 


300 


GALERANA. 


of  bread  and  wine.  Other  persons  see 
the  transformation  by  the  eye  of  faith 
only,  but  sir  Galahad  saw  it  bodily  with 
his  eyes. 

Then  the  bishop  took  a  wafer,  which  was  made  In  the 
likeness  of  bread,  and  at  the  lifting  up  [the  elreatitn  of 
the  hott\  there  came  a  figure  in  the  likeness  of  a  child, 
and  the  visage  was  as  red  and  as  bright  as  fire  ;  and  he 
•mote  himself  into  that  bread ;  so  they  saw  that  the  bread 
was  formed  of  a  fleshly  man.  and  then  be  put  it  into  the 
holy  vessel  again  .  .  .  then  [the  bithoy]  took  the  holy 
vessel  and  camo  to  sir  Galahad  as  he  kneeled  down,  and 
there  be  received  his  Saviour  .  .  .  then  went  he  and 
kissed  sir  Bors  .  .  .  and  kneeled  at  the  table  and  made 
his  prayers ;  and  suddenly  his  soul  departed  .  .  .  and   a 

Eeat  multitude  of  angels  bear  his  soul  to  heaven.— Sir  T. 
alory,  Uirtory  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii.  101-103  (1470). 

%*  Sir  Galahalt,  the  son  of  sir  Brew- 
nor,  must  not  be  confounded  with  sir 
Galahad,  the  son  of  sir  Launcclot. 

Galahalt  (Sir),  called  "The  Haut 
Prince,"  son  of  sir  Brcwnor.  He  was  one 
of  the  knights  of  the  Round  Table. 

*„,*  This  knight  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  sir  Galahad,  the  son  of  sir 
Launcclot  and  Elaine  (daughter  of  king 
Relics). 

Gal'antyse  (3  nk)t  the  steed  given 
to  Grauntle  Amourc  By  king  Mclyzyus. 

And  I  myselfe  shall  give  you  a  worthy  stede. 
Called  lialantyse.  to  helpe  you  in  yon 
Stephen  H.iwes,  ThePtute-tgmeof  Plrture.  xxviil.  (ISIS). 

Ga'laor  {Don),  brother  of  Am'adis  de 
Gaul.  A  desultor  amoris,  who,  as  don 
Quixote  says,  "  made  love  to  every 
pretty  girl  he  met."  His  adventure's 
form  a  strong  contrast  to  those  of  his 
more  serious  brother. — Amadis  de  Gaul 
(fourteenth  century). 

A  bather  In  the  village  Insisted  that  none  equalled 
"The  Knight  of  the  Sun"  [i.e.  Atmutii].  eice|t  dan 
Gala^r  his  brother. — Cervantes,  Don  ouizote.  I.  L  1 
(180CI. 

Gal'apas,  a  giant  of  "  marvellous 
height"  in  the  army  of  Lucius  king  of 
Rome.     He  was  slain  by  king  Arthur. 

r King  A  rthur)  slew  a  great  giant  named  Galnpas.  .  .  . 
He  shortened  him  by  smiting  off  both  his  lap  .it  the 
knees,  saying.  "  No*  art  thou  b.  Iter  of  a  size  to  deal 
with  than  thou  wert  "  And  after,  he  smote  off  bis  head. 
—Sir    T.   Malory.    Jlittory    of    Prince    Arthur.    L    115 

(n:o:. 

Galaph'ron  or  Gallaphrone  (3 
*y.),  a  king  of  Cathay,  father  of  An- 
gelica.— Boiardo,  Orbmdo  Inna>w>r,ito 
(1495)  ;  Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

When  Agrican  .  .  .  besieged  Albracca  .  .  . 
The  city  of  Gallaphror.e.  whence  to  win 
The  fairest  of  her  sex.  Anti-lira. 

Milton.  Paradise  Regained,  ill.  (1871). 

Galasp,  or  rather  George  Gillespie, 
mentioned  by  Milton  in  Sonnet,  x.,  was 
■  Scottish  writei  against  the  indepen- 
dents, and  one  of  the  "Assembly  of 
Divines"  (1583-1648). 

Galate'a,  a  sca-nymph,  beloved   by 


'  Rolypheme  (3  syl.).  She  herself  had  a 
heartache  for  Acis.  The  jealous  giant 
crushed  his  rival  under  a  huge  rock,  and 
GalatOa,  inconsolable  at  the  loss  of  her 
lover,  was  changed  into  a  fountain.  The 
word  Galatea  is  used  poetically  for  anv 
rustic  maiden. 

%*  Handel  has  an  opera  called  Acis 
and  Galatea  (1710). 

Ga'atr'a,  a  wise  ana  modest  lady  at- 
tending on  the  princess  in  the  drama  of 
I'hilaster  or  Love  Lies  a-bteedin'j,  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1608). 

Gal'atine  (3  syl.),  the  sword  of  sir 
Ciaw'ain,  king  Arthur's  nephew. — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i. 
93  (1470). 

Galbraith  (Major  Duncan),  of  Gars- 
chattachin,    a    militia    officer. — Sir    W. 
So*  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

G  I  len,  an  apothecary,  a  medical  man 
(in  dis|uiragemeat).  Galen  was  the  most 
celebrated  physician  of  ancient  Greece, 
and  had  a  greater  influence  on  medical 
science  than  anv  other  man  before  or 
since  (a.d.  130-200). 

I'nawed.  young  Galen  bean  the  hostile  brunt, 
Pills  In  his  rcir.  and  Cullen  In  his  front. 

Wm.  Falconer,  The  MUithlpmon. 

(Dr.  William  Cullen,  of  Hamilton, 
Lanarkshire,  author  of  Nosology,  1712— 
1790.) 

Galen'ical  Medicines,  herbs  and 
drugs  in  general,  in  contradistinction  to 
minerals  recommended  by  Raracel'sus. 

Gal'enist,  a  herb  doctor 

The  Galenist  and  Paracelsian. 

S.  Butler.  lludibrat.  111.  3  (1878). 

Galeotti  Martivalle  (Martins), 
astrologer  of  Louis  XL  Being  asked  by 
the  superstitious  king  if  he  knew  the  day 
of  his  own  death,  the  crafty  astrologer 
replied  that  he  could  not  name  the  exact 
day,  but  he  had  learnt  thus  much  by  his 
art — that  it  would  occur  just  twenty-four 
hours  before  the  decease  of  his  majesty 
(ch.  xxix.). — SirW.  Scott,  Qucntin  Dur- 
tcard  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

%*  Thrasullus  the  soothsayer  made 
precisely  the  same  answer  to  Tibe'rius 
emperor  of  Rome. 

Galera'na  is  called  by  Ariosto  the 
wife  of  Charlemagne ;  but  the  nine  wives 
of  that  emperor  are  usually  given  as 
Ilamiltmde  (3  syl.),  Desidera'ta,  Hil'de- 
gartl<:  (8  syl-),  Ftistrade  (2  syl.),  Luit- 
garde,    Maltegarde,    (Jersuinde,    Regi'na. 


GALERF. 


3(51 


GALLO-HANIA. 


and  Adalin'da. — Ariosto,  Orlando  FutiOtO, 
xxi.  (1516). 

Galere  (2  tyl.).  Qtte  diahlc  a!!nit-il 
faire  dans  cette  ijalirci  Scapin  wants  to 
get  from  Ge'ronte  (a  miserly  old  hunks) 
21600,  to  help  Leandre,  the  old  man  s  son, 
out  of  a  i"*oney  difficulty.  So  Scapin 
vamps  up  i  cock-and-bull  story  about 
Lcandre  beijg  invited  by  a  Turk  on  board 
bis  galley,  wsere  he  was  treated  to  a  most 
•umptuouf,  repast;  but  when  the  young 
man  was  about  to  quit  the  galley,  the 
Turk  tolJ  him  he  was  a  prisoner,  and 
demanded  £1600  for  his  ransom  within 
two  hours'  time.  When  Ge'ronte  hears 
this,  he  exclaims,  "Que  diable  allait-il 
faire  dans  cette  galere?"  and  he  swears 
he  will  arrest  the  Turk  for  extortion. 
Ucing  shown  the  impossibility  of  so  doing, 
he  again  exclaims,  "Que  diable  allait-il 
faire  dans  cette  galore?"  and  it  flashes 
■nto  his  mind  that  Scapin  should  give  him- 
self up  as  surety  for  the  payment  of  the 
ransom.  This,  of  course,  Scapin  objects 
to.  The  old  man  again  exclaims,  "Que 
diable  allait-il  faire  dans  cette  galere  ?  " 
and  commands  Scapin  to  go  and  tell 
the  Turk  that  £1500  is  not  to  be  picked 
off  a  hedge.  Scapin  says  the  Turk  does 
not  care  a  straw  about  that,  and  insists 
on  the  ransom.  "  Mais,  que  diable  allait- 
il  faire  dans  cette  galere  ?  "  cries  the  old 
hunks  ;  and  tells  Scapin  to  go  and  pawn 
certain  goods.  Scapin  replies  there  is  no 
time,  the  two  hours  are  nearly  exhausted. 
"Que  diable,"  cries  the  old  man  again, 
"allait-il  faire  dans  cette  galere?"  and 
when  at  last  he  gives  the  money,  he 
repeats  the  same  words,  "  Mais,  ope 
diable  allait-U  faire  dans  cette  galere?" 
■ — Molifcre,  Let  Fourberiee  de  Scapin,  ii.  11 
(16711. 

%*  Vogue  la  ijulcrc  means  "come  what 
may,"  "  let  what  will  happen." 

Gale'sian  Wool,  the  best  and  finest 
wool,  taken  from  sheep  pastured  on  the 
meadows  of  Galcsus. 

Dulce  pellHU  orltiu.  C.nlirsl  fltimrn. 

Iloriu-.-,  Mna,  II.  «.  10. 

Gal'gacus,  chief  of  the  Caledonians, 
who  resisted  Agricfila  with  great  valour. 

In  A.l'.  S|    he  Wai   defeated,    am!    dud  on 

the  field.    Tacitus  puts  into  his  mouth  a 

noble  Speech]  made  to  his  arniv  before 
lid  battle. 

Onlipirui    lli^ir  (Did*, 
Ajcon^st  hU  mnrthrrr.1  tn~.|..  Ihera 

l>r*)Ui<.  MpafMoa,  »m.  (ISIS). 

Galia'nn.  a  Moorish  prin<  set, daughter 

•f    GfjdSJtfs   lung  Of    Tolddo.      Her  lather 

16 


built  for  her  a  palace  on  the  Tagus,  so 
Splendid  that  "a  palace  of   Galiana"  has 
•  a  proverb  in  Spain. 

Galien  Restored,  a  medieval 
romance  of  chivalry.  (ialien  was  the 
son  of  Jaqueline  (daughter  of  Hugh  king 
of  Constantinople).  His  father  was  count 
Oliver  of  Vienna.  Two  fairies  in: 
themselves  in  Jacueline'a  infant  son:  one, 
named  Galienne,  had  the  child  name 
her,  Galien  ;  and  the  other  insisted  thai 
he  should  be  called  "E  r  that 

the   boy  would   restore   the   chivalry   of 
Charlemagne. — Author  nnknowB. 

Galile'o   [Galilei],    born  at  Pisa, 
but  lived  chiefly  in  Florence.     In  1 
published  his   work    on    the   Copernican 
system,   showing  that  ''the  earth  moved 
and  the  sun  stood  still."     For  this  he  was 
denounced  by  the  inquisition  of    R 
and  accused  of  contradicting  the   Mible. 
At  the  age  of  70  he  was  obliged  to  abjure 
his  system,  in  order  to  gain  his  liberty. 
After  pronouncing  his  abjuration,  he  said, 
in  a  stage  whisper,  E  pur  si  mm  ■ 
does  move,  though  ").     This  is  said  to  bo 
a  romance  (1664-  1642). 

Galinthia,  daughter  of  Preetus  king 
of  Argos.     She  was  changed  by  tin 
into  a  cat,  and  in  that  shape  was  made  by 
Hecate  her  high  priestess. — Antomna  Li- 
berals, Mrti)ii.,  xxix. 

Galie,  ir:  Arthurian  romance,  means 
"  Wales,"  as  sir  Lamorake  de  Galis,  i,e. 
sir  Lamorake  the  Welshman. 

Gallegos  [Gul'.ls.i/ozc],  the  people  of 
Galicia  (once  a  province  <•!  Spain). 

Gal'lla,  France.  "  Gauls,"  the  in- 
habitants of  Gallia. 

Gallice'noo,  priesi  I  Gallic  my- 

thology,  who  liad   power  over  the  winds 

and  wares.    Then  were  nine  of  them,  all 
virgins. 

Galligan'tU8,  the  giant  who  lived 
with  Hocus-Pocus  the  conjuror.  When 
Jack  ll"'  '-iant-killer  blew  the  limbic 
horn,    notn    the  giant   and   conjuror  were 

overthrow  n. 

Gallo-B'  in  annual  p  . 

in  Latin,  lir^t  published  in  I 

It  I.  t»-:>r.ol   . .    . 
Al  If 'twere..  .Inn. 

T.  M«,.  1*4  ll*r  (161M. 

Gallo-nia'ni.'i.    a    furor   for    •  i 
thing  French.     Generally  applied  I 

vile    imitation    of     French    literati:- 

customs  whi.-h  prevailed  in  I 

the  time  of   1  II.  of  Prussia.     *t 


GALLOPING  DICK. 


362      GAMMER  GUKTON'S  NEEDLE. 


It  very  conspicuous  in  the  writings  of 
Wieland  (1733-1813). 

Galloping  Dick,  Richard  Ferguson 
the  highwayman,  executed  in  1800. 

GalToway  (^4),  a  small  nag  of  the 
breed  which  originally  came  from  Gal- 
loway, in  Scotland. 

Galloway  ( The  Fair  Maid  of),  Margaret, 
only  daughter  of  Archibald  fifth  earl  of 
Douglas.  She  married  her  cousin  Wil- 
liam, to  whom  the  earldom  passed  in 
1443.  After  the  death  of  her  first  hus- 
band, she  married  his  brother  James  (the 
last  earl  of  Douglas). 

Gallowglasses,  heavy-armed  Irish 
foot-soldiers  ;  their  chief  weapon  was  the 
pole-axe.  They  were  "  grim  of  counten- 
ance, tall  of  stature,  big  of  limb,  lusty 
of  body,  and  strongly  built."  The  light- 
armed  foot-soldiers  were  called  "  Kerns" 
or  " Kernes"  (1  syl.). 

The  multiplying  villainies  of  nature 

Do  swarm  upon  him  ;  from  the  western  Islet 

Of  Kernes  and  Gallowglasses  [A«'«]  supplied. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act  i.  sc.  2  (1606). 

Gallu'ra's  Bird,  the  cock,  which 
was  the  cognizance  of  Gallura. 

For  her  so  fair  a  burial  will  not  make 

The  viper  [the  ililanete,  whom  ensign  wot  a  viper] 

As  had  been  made  by  shrill  Galium'*  bird. 

Dante.  Purgatory,  viii.  (13(X ). 

Gal'way  Jury,  an  independent  jury, 
neither  to  be  brow-beaten  nor  led  by  the 
nose.  In  1635,  certain  trials  were  held  in 
Ireland,  respecting  the  right  of  the  Crown 
to  the  counties  of  Ireland.  Lcitrim,  Ros- 
common, Sligo,  and  Mayo  gave  judgment 
in  favour  of  the  Crown,  but  Galway  stood 
out,  whereupon  each  of  the  jury  was 
fined  £4000. 

Ga'ma  (Vasco  da),  the  hero  of  Ca- 
moens's  Lusiad.  Sagacious,  intrepid, 
tender-hearted,  pious,  and  patriotic.  He 
was  the  first  European  navigator  who 
doubled  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  (1497). 

Gama,  captain  of  the  venturous  band, 
Of  bold  emprise,  and  born  for  high  command, 
Whose  martial  fires,  with  prudence  close  allied. 
Ensured  the  smiles  of  fortune  on  his  side. 

Camoens,  Lutiad,  I.  (1569). 

%*  Gama  is  also  the  hero  of  Meyer- 
beer's posthumous  opera  called  L'Afri- 
cane  (1865). 

Gam'elyn  (3  syl.),  youngest  of  the 
three  sons  of  sir  Johan  di  Boundys,  who, 
on  his  death-bed,  left  "  five  plowes  of 
land"  to  each  of  his  two  elder  sons, 
and  the  residue  of  his  property  to  the 
youngest.  The  eldest  son  took  charge 
of  Gamelyn,  but  entreated  him  shame- 
<nJJv.     On  one  occasion  he  said  to  him, 


"  Stand  still,  gadelyng,  and  hold  thy 
peace."  To  which  the  proud  boy  retorted, 
"I  am  no  gadelyng,  but  the  lawful  son 
of  a  lady  and  true  knight."  On  this,  the 
elder  brother  sent  his  servants  to  chastise 
him,  but  he  drove  them  off  "with  a 
pestel."  At  a  wrestling  match  young 
Gamelyn.  threw  the  champion,  and  carried 
off  the  prize  ram  ;  but  on  reaching  home 
found  the  door  closed  against  him.  He 
at  once  kicked  the  door  down,  and  threw 
the  porter  into  a  well.  The  elder  brother 
now  bound  the  young  madcap  to  a  tree, 
and  left  him  two  days  without  food  ;  but 
Adam,  the  spencer,  unloosed  him ;  and 
Gamelyn  fell  upon  a  party  of  ecclesiastics, 
who  had  come  to  dine  with  his  brother,, 
and  "sprinkled  holy  water  on  them  with 
a  stout  oaken  cudgel."  The  sheriff  sent 
to  apprehend  the  young  spitfire,  but 
he  fled  with  Adam  into  the  woods,  and 
came  upon  a  party  of  foresters  sitting  at 
meat.  The  captain  gave  him  welcome, 
and  Gamelyn  in  time  became  "  king  of 
the  outlaws."  His  brother,  being  sheriff, 
would  have  put  him  to  death,  but  Game- 
lyn hanged  his  brother  on  a  forest  tree. 
After  this  the  king  appointed  him  chief 
ranger,  and  he  married. — Coke,  Tale  of 
Gamelyn. 

%*  Lodge  has  made  this  tale  the  basis 
of  his  romance  entitled  Jiosalynd  or 
Eupheus1  Golden  Legacye  (1590) ;  and 
from  Lodge's  novel  Shakespeare  has  bor- 
rowed the  plot,  with  some  of  the  charac- 
ters and  dialogue,  of  As  You  Like  It. 

Gamelyn  de  Guar'dover  (Sir), 
an  ancestor  of  sir  Arthur  Wardour. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Gamester  (The),  a  tragedy  by  Ed. 
Moore  (1753).  The  name  of  the  gamester 
is  Beverley,  and  the  object  of  the  play  is 
to  show  the  great  evils  of  gambling  end- 
ing in  despair  and  suicide. 

Gamester  (The),  by  Mrs.  Centlivre 
(1705).  The  hero  is  Valere,  to  whom 
Angelica  gives  a  picture,  which  she  en- 
joins him  not  to  lose  on  pain  of  forfeiting 
her  hand.  Valere  oses  it  in  play,  and 
Angelica,  in  disguise,  is  the  winner.  After 
much  tribulation,  Valere  is  cured  of  his 
vice,  the  picture  is  restored,  and  the  two 
are  happily  united  in  marriage. 

Gammer  Gurton's  Needle,  ly 
Mr.  S.  Master  of  Arts.  It  was  in 
existence,  says  Warton,  in  1551  (English 
Poetry,  iv.  32).  Sir  Wulwr  Scott  says : 
"  It  was  the  supposed  composition  of 
John  Still,   M.A.,  afterwards   bishop   of 


GAMP. 


tea 


GANGES. 


Bath  md   Weill  ;"  l.ut  in  1-  ' 

was  a  boy  n><i  nine  yean  oM.     1  lie  fun 

of  tins  Comedy  turns  on  Uie  loss  and 
1th  which  ( iammer 
Gorton  was  repairing  the  breeches,  of  her 
man  Hodge.  The  comedy  contains  the 
famon*  drinking  song,  "I  Cannot  Hot  but 
Utile  v 

Ommmsr  Ourlon't    Xf.tti  b  %  irmt  rnrl  Hit.     Th« 
■oihiUt  chum- trn.    in-h  &•  "  Tl.o  Si  inly   Ilr  jc«r,  "   *"  T>i» 
Tiio  Country    View."   tad 

tli^lUleviithc^nturjr.  x:r  'lr  i»n  In  .  ■■!  tin  t.i»rn  fr.  .in  Ui« 
lite.  .  .  .  Ttio  pl.ve  Li  iho  opan  mjuato  of  Uwj  rtUftj 
QwntDcr   QarihM  -  uw   i-n  <>f   Oie 

Mi  UKl  tbli   ( .:].»~l  by  lh«  icurcti  fur   It.  and  lu 

•  ' '*r7-  '*  InUrmllad  with  no  -.ilicr  ihw.vujui  uc 

Mbunlnute  interest.- -Sir  Vf   aV.ilt,  TV 

Gamp    (Strah),    a    monthly    nurse, 
residing     in      K.  Ili^'h 

Holl>orn.     Sarah  n  -  gouty 

umbrella,  and  for  her  perpetnaJ  rei 
to   an    hypothetical    Mrs.    llarriv  whose 
opinioni  were  a  eonflrnution  of  her  own. 
Siie  was  fond  "f  ttrrrng  tea  and 
etimnlante.     "Don't  eel  me,"  ifa 
"  win  •  t  tnkr  none,  "r  •■• 

I  will,  hut  leave  thi 

end    let    me  put  my   lipe    to    it 

when   I   am   no  dispoged."     Wto-i   Mrs. 

"hei   par.!-  ed   out  her 

hand  to  the  teapot  [filled  with  fin 

Gamp  stopped  the  hand  end  taid  with 

feeling,    "  N  !   drink    fair, 

»    ■        • 
Dickens,  Martin  Chtu nitwit,  xlix. 

.  pawky  umbrella  is  called  a 
Mrs.  OamOf  anil  in  Prance  '"*  IiAiinson, 
from  Robinson  Crusoe's  umbrella, 

•«•    Mr       Gam  Harris  have 

Parisian  listen  in  lide.  Pochet  and  Mile. 
Qtbou,  ereetione  oi  Henri  ktonnier. 

Gan.    (8  D».) 

Gan'abim,    the    island 
fHebn  "  a  thief.") — Be 

Gan'dalin,  earl  ..f  the  Firm  Island, 
Wjd  'H'jtiiri-  nf   A  I  ml. 

QmmUlin    tftouch  an  Mil  MM  Mak*  to  !■!•  nvujtar  tail 
ra,    lu  tuu.it.  >U  T.rrwl   taiwtluj  » 
k*nt  A."rt  u  •  Turklab  nuuiMT.— CarranUav  /*.•■ 

I    HI.  «u«u«L. 

Qandur-ClouKh  i  •  "l.that 

a  goose   .if    him* 

a,  the  in  i 
Title*  ■  lived  at  Candcr- 

,,      - 

Gau'ulon  |  I  <■,/.),  .-mint 
th«  "  Jo  in     .  :   '      ..:...  tladins. 

irae  built  on 

was    aiwn 


base  knight,  and  win  as  uft/>n  I  ■•■:  ra\  rd  hj 
him.     Although  the  very  be 
paladins    was    the    upholding    "f 

.on  was  consUii- 

No  doubt, 

land  made  him  a  - 
and  he  ban  rith 

ceeralli 

was    marked    with 

and   intrigue,   but  he  wm    patiei  I 

Btmale,   and   enduring.     He  «.tj»  - 

and  a  half  in  height, 

tnd  fiery  red  hair.     If a 
tude,   iras  rery   tacitui 
the   e\  .• 

become  ■  by-word  ( »i  e  I  dee  en  I 

i  him  in  his 
"  Infei  10,  '       ~  I  ix.) 

Th«  most  falthba  tf»  tint*  tl,«  da/i  of  H»iiMi      fSj 
W.  8coU,  TKt  AUxx.  mi 

Ganem,  -  "    The 

•'     ..::e    of     the     At 

.  ■     ■ 

rich  merchant  of  I 

Aibou.  .if    his  /ather   he 

went  to  Bagdad,  I 

chandi/e  hit,  and  accidentally  sj»  ,. 

•  ly   burying  a  t 
earth.     Curiosity    induced    bin     I 
inter  ;■  ten,  U>!  it  .  . 

beautiful  WO 

of  a  narcotic  dru^.      II 

lodginga,  and  diecovered  thai 

tnab,  the  enhph's  favourite,  who 
had   been  borii  d  alive  by  i 

sultana,  nut 

of  the  yoeng  merchant,  and  ordered  him 

to  1*  put  t"  death,  but  he  me 
in  the  ^uise  of  a  »  dl 

eonoaaled  till  Die  an^r'. 

had  subsided.      When   liar   ir.    . 

(the  caliph)  came  tnd  heard 

the     unvarnish.   1     facts    of    t'  • 
pardoi, 

a  lucrative 

urt. 

Gan'oaa,  v.virn,    in 

Hindu  :: 

TtMn  IUml.i  I  L~m)  tw%t>|  a~l  Oum     11ms 

0»M|ah»U.  rtmtmnt  .1  Bf».  I         Ml 

nasi 
<    t.'.e  WIUI 
of  this  i 


GANLESSE. 


364 


GARETII. 


Ganlesse  (Richard),  alias  Simon 
Cantkr,  alias  Edward  Christian,  one 
nf  the  conspirators. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Pcverii  of  the  l'eak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Ganna,  the  Celtic  prophetess,  who 
(succeeded  Velle'da.  She  went  to  Rome, 
:tnd  was  received  by  Domitian  with  great 
honour. — Tacitus,  Annals,  66. 

G-anor,  Gano'ra,  Geneura,  Gincvra, 
Genievre,  Guinevere,  Guenever,  are  dif- 
ferent ways  of  spelling  the  name  of 
A  rt.hur's  wife  ;  called  by  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth, Guanhuma'ra  or  Guan'humar ; 
but  Tennyson  has  made  Guenevere  the 
popular  English  form. 

Gants  Jaunes  (Des),  dandies, 
men  of  fashion. 

Gan'ymede  (3  syl.),  a  beautiful 
Phrygean  boy,  who  was  carried  up  to 
OlynrpoB  on  the  back  of  an  eagle,  to  be- 
come cup-bearer  to  the  gods  instead  of 
Hebe.  At  the  time  of  his  capture  he 
was  playing  a  flute  while  tending  his 
lather's  sheep. 

There  fell  a  flute  when  Ganymede  went  up— 
The  flute  that  he  was  wont  to  play  u|h>ii. 

Jean  Iii^t-low,  JJonour$t  U. 

(Jupiter  compensated  the  boy's  father 
for  the  loss  of  his  son,  by  a  pair  of 
horses.) 

Tennyson,  speaking  of  a  great  reverse 
of  fortune  from  the  highest  glory  to  the 
lowest  shame,  says : 

They  mounted  QanymMrt, 
To  tumble  i'ul&itu  on  the  second  mom. 

Tin  I'rincett.  liL 

The  Birds  of  Ganymede,  eagles.  Gany- 
mede is  represented  as  sitting  on  an  eagle, 
or  attended  by  that  bird. 

To  see  upon  her  shore*  her  fowl  and  oonins  feed. 
And  wantonly  to  hatch  the  birds  of  Ganymede. 

Drayton,  Potyoibion,  iv.  (1612). 

%*    Ganymede     is    the    constellation 

Aquarius. 

Garagan'tua,  a  giant, who  swallowed 
five  pilgrims  with  their  staves  in  a  salad. 
■ — Rabelais,  The  History  of  Garatjuntua 
(1.-.33). 

You  must  borrow  me  Garagrintua's  mouth  before  I  can 
utter  so  lone  a  word. — Shakespeare,  At  1'ou  Wee  It.  act 
hi.  BClfJUO). 

Gar'cias.  Tlic  soul  of  Peter  Garcias, 
money.  Two  scholars,  journeying  to 
Salamanca,  came  to  a  fountain,  which 
bore  this  inscription  :  "  Here  is  buried 
the  soul  of  the  licentiate  Peter  Garcias." 
One  scholar  went  away  laughing  at  the 
notion  of  a  buried  soul,  but  the  other, 
cutting  with  his  knife,  loosened  a  stone, 


and  found  a  purse  containing  100  ducata, 
— Lesage,  Gil  Bias  (to  the  reader,  1715). 

Garcilas'o,  sumamed  "the  Inca," 
descended  on  the  mother's  side  from  the 
royal  family  of  Peru  (1530-1568).  He 
was  the  son  of  Sebastian  Garcilaso,  a 
lieutenant  of  Alvarado  and  Pizarro. 
Author  of  Commentaries  on  the  Orujin  of 
Vu:  Incas,  their  Iaiuts  and  Government. 

it  was  from  poetical  traditions  that  GarcUaaso  [tic]  com- 
posed his  account  of  the  Yncas  of  Peru  ...  It  was  from 
ancient  poems  which  his  mother  (a  princess  of  the  blood 
of  the  Yncas)  taught  him  in  bis  youth,  that  be  collected 
the  materials  of  his  history.  —DUitrlation  on  the  Era  oj 
Oaian. 

Garcilaso  [de  la  Vega],  called  "The 
Petrarch  of  Spain,"  born  at  Toledo 
(1503-1536).  His  poems  are  eclogues, 
odes,  and  elegies  of  great  naivete",  grace) 
and  harmony. 

Sometime*  he  turned  to  gate  upon  bis  book, 
Boscan  or  Garcila'so  [He], 

Byron.  JXm  Jntin,  L  »6  (1819). 

Gar-'dariTce  (4  syl.).  So  Russia  ii 
called  in  the  Eddas. 

Garden  of  the  Argentine,  Turcuman, 
a  province  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Garden  of  England.  Worcestershire 
and  Kent  are  both  so  called. 

Garden  of  Erin,  Carlow,  in  Leinster. 

Garden  »f  Europe,  Italy  and  Belgium 
are  both  so  called. 

(ionU-n  of  France,  Amboise,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Indrc-et-Loire. 

Garden  of  India,  Oude. 

Garden  of  Italy,  Sicily. 

Garden  of  bemth  Wales,  southern 
division  of  Glamorganshire. 

Garden  of  Spain,  Andaluci'a. 

Garden  of  the  West.  Illinois  and 
Kansas  are  both  so  called. 

Garden  of  the  World,  the  region  of  the 
Mississippi. 

Garden  (The),  Covent  Garden  Theatre. 
The  "  Lane,"  that  is,  Drury  Lane. 

He  managed  the  Garden,  and  afterwards  the  LaL*.— W 
C.  Macready.  Temple  Bar,  76,  1875 

Gardens  of  the  Sun,  the  East 
Indian  or  Malayan  Archipelago. 

Gardening  (Father  of  Landscape), 
Lenotre  (1613-1700). 

Gar'diner  (Richard),  porter  to  Miss 
Seraphine  Arthuret  and  her  sister  Ange- 
lica.— Sir  YV.  Scott,  Redyauntlet  (time, 
George  III.). 

Gar'diner  (Colonel),  colonel  of  "Waver- 
ley's  regiment. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Gareth   (Sir),   according  to  ancient 


GARKTII. 


365 


GARGANTUA. 


romance,  was  the  youngest  son  of  Lot 
king  of  Orkney  and  Morgawse  Arthur's 

t  half] -sister.  His  mother,  to  deter  him 
m  entering  Arthur's  court,  said,  jest- 
ingly, she  would  consent  to  his  so  doing 
if  he  concealed  his  name  and  went  as  a 
scullion  for  twelve  months.  To  this  he 
agreed,  and  sir  Kay,  the  king's  steward, 
nicknamed  him  "  Peaumains,"  because 
his  hands  were  unusually  large.  At  the 
end  of  the  year  he  was  knighted,  and 
obtained  the  quest  of  Linet',  who  craved 
the  aid  of  some  knight  to  liberate  her 
sister  LionSs,  who  was  held  prisoner  by 
sir  Ironside  in  Castle  Perilous.  Linet 
treated  sir  Gareth  with  great  contumely, 
calling  him  a  washer  6f  dishes  and  a 
kitchen  knave;  but  he  overthrew  the 
rive  knights  and  liberated  the  lady,  whom 
he  married.  The  knights  were — first,  the 
Black  Knight  of  the  lilack  Lands  or  sir 
Vtre'ad  (2  syt.),  the  Green  Knight  or  sir 
Pertolope,  the  Red  Knight  or  sir  Pcri- 
mo'nes,  the  Plue  Knight  or  sir  Persaunt 
of  India  (four  brothers),  and  lastly  the 
Rod  Knight  of  the  Red  Lands  or  sir  Iron- 
side.— Sir  T.  Malorv,  History  of  J'rince 
Arthur,  i.  P20-153  (i-170). 

*+*  According  to  Tennyson,  sir  Gareth 
was  "  the  last  and  tallest  son  of  Lot  king 
of  Orkney  and  of  ISellicent  his  wife." 
He  served  as  kitchen  knave  in  king 
Arthur's  hall  a  twelvemonth  and  a  day, 
and  was  nicknamed  "Fair-hands"  (Beau- 
mama).  At  the  end  of  twelve  months  he 
was  knighted,  and  obtained  leave  to 
accompany  Lynette  to  the  liberation  of 
her  sister  Lvonors,  who  was  held  captive 
in  Castle  Perilous  by  a  knight  called 
Death  or  Mors.  The  passages  to  the 
castle  were  kept  by  four  brothers,  called 
by  Tennyson,  Morning  Star  or  Phos'- 
phorus,  Noonday  Sun  or  Mcridies,  Even- 
ing Star  or  Hesperus,  and  Night  or  Nox, 
all  of  whom  he  overthrew.  At  length 
Death  leapt  from  the  cleft  skull  of  Night, 
and  prayed  the  knight  not  to  kill  him, 
aeeing  that  what  he  did  his  brothers  had 
made  him  do.  At  starting,  Lynette  treated 
Gareth  witl  great  contumely,  but  softened 
to  1 1 1 111  mora  and  more  after  each  victory, 
and  at  last  married  him. 

Ha  that  told  Uie  talc  In  olden  Umea 

8a>-»  that  air  Oorelli  wrdded  I.j, n  ; 

But  ho  that  told  It  Inter  iayi  lunette. 
Tana/too.  UylU  a/  IS*  King  1"  GeraUi  and  I.)  netU  "I. 

Gareth  and  Linet'  is  in  reality  an  alle- 
tv,  a  sort  of  Banyan's  I'd  trim's  Pro* 

■  ■'  MS,  describing  the  M  art'are  01  a  <  hristian 

i loin  birili  to  nil  entrance  into  glory. 
The  "Pride"  lived  in  Castle  Perilous, 
and  was  named  Lioius  ;  Linef  represents 


the  "carnal  world,"  which,  like  the  in- 
habitants of  the  City  of  Destruction,  jest 
ami  jeet  at  everything  the  Christia- 

Sir  Gareth   fought    with    four    knights, 

-  of  the  roads  "  to  Zion  "or  I 
Perilous,  viz.,  Night,  Dawn,  Midday, 
and  Evening,  meaning  the  temptations  of 
the  four  ftges  of  man.  Having  con 
in  all  these,  he  had  to  encounter  the  lent 
enemy,  which  is  death,  and  then  the  bride 
was  won — the  bride  who  lived  in  Castle 
Perilous  or  Mount  Zion. 

*„*  Tennyson,  in  his  version  of  this 
beautiful  allegory,  has  fallen  into  several 
grave  errors,  the  worst  of  which  is  his 
making  Gareth  marry  Linet  instead  of 
the  true  bride.  This  is  like  landing  his 
Pilgrim  in  the  City  of  Destruction,  after 
having  finished  his  journey  and  ; 
the  flood.  Gareth's  brother  was  wedded 
to  the  world  (i.e.  Linet),  but  Gareth  him- 
self was  married  to  the  "true  Bride," 
who  dwelt  in  Castle  Perilous.  Another 
grave  error  is  making  Death  crave  of 
Gareth  not  to  kill  him,  as  what  he  did  he 
was  compelled  to  do  by  his  elder  brothers. 
I  must  confess  that  this  to  me  is  quite 
past  understanding.  —  i-ee  Note*  and 
Queries,  January  19,  February  16,  March 
16,  1878. 

Gar'gamelle  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Gran- 
eousier  and  daughter  of  the  Parpaillons. 
On  the  day  that  she  gave  birth  to  ('ir- 
ganttia,  she  ate  16  Q1S.  I  bush.  3  pecfca 
and  a  pipkin  of  dirt,  the  mere  remains 
left  in  the  tripe  which  she  had  for  supper, 
although  the  tripe  had  been  cleaned  with 
the  utmost  care. — Rabelais,  Ganjamtmi,  i. 
4  (l.r>33). 

*m*  Garganielle  is  an  allegorical  skit 
on  the  extravagance  of  queens,  and  the 
dirt  is  their  pin-money. 

Gargan'tua,  son  of  Grangousier  and 
Garganielle.      It   needed    17,:'i.i  OOWt  to 

supply  the  babe  with  milk.      Like 
gantna  (q.v.),  he  ate  in  his  salad  lettuces 
as    big   as    walnut   trees,    in    which    wen- 
lurking     six     pilgrims     from 
lie    founded    and    endowed   the   abbey    of 

Thelemc  (2  nr/.),  in  remembrance  or  hi* 
victory  over  Picrochole  (8  ijjl.).- 
lais,  vara  mtno,  L  7  (] 

*#*  (>f  course,  Gargantua  is  an  alle- 
gorical skit  on  the  allowance  accorded  to 
princes  for  their  maintenance, 

.    .  i '.<    Matt.      This    mare    wa« 
as    big    as   nix    elephants,    and    had    feet 

school,  the  "bov"  hung  the  bells  of  Noire 

Dame    de    Paris   OU   hi*    mare's    neck,    u 


GARGANTUAN  CURRICULUM.      366 


GASCOIGNE. 


jingles ;  but  when  the  Parisians  promised 
to  feed  his  beast  for  nothing,  he  restored 
the  peal.  This  mare  had  a  terrible  tail, 
"  every  whit  as  big  as  the  steeple  of  St. 
Mark's,"  and  on  one  occasion,  being 
annoyed  by  wasps,  she  switched  it  about 
so  vigorously  that  she  knocked  down  all 
the  trees  in  the  vicinity.  Gargantua 
roared  with  laughter,  and  cried,  "Je 
trouve  beau  ce !  "  whereupon  the  locality 
was  called  "  Beauce." — Rabelais,  Gar- 
gantua, i.  16  (1533). 

%*  Of  course,  this  "  mare  "  is  an  alle- 
gorical skit  on  the  extravagance  of  court 
mistresses,  and  the  "tail"  is  the  suite  in 
attendance  on  them. 

Gargan'tuan  Curriculum,  a 
course  of  studies  including  all  languages, 
all  sciences,  all  the  fine  arts,  with  all 
athletic  sports  and  calisthenic  exercises. 
Grangousier  wrote  to  his  son,  saying: 

"  There  should  not  be  a  river  In  the  world,  no  matter 
how  small,  Uiou  dost  not  know  the  name  of,  with  the 
nature  and  habits  of  all  fishes,  all  fowls  of  the  air,  all 
shrubs  and  trees,  all  metals,  minerals,  gems,  and  precious 
stones.  1  would,  furthermore,  have  thee  study  the  Tal- 
mudists  and  CabalisU,  and  get  a  perfect  knowledge  of 
man,  together  with  every  language,  ancient  and  modern, 
living  or  dead,"— Rabelais,  PatUaj/ruel',  Q.  8  (1533). 

Gar'gery  (Mrs.  Joe),  Pip's  sister.  A 
virago,  who  kept  her  husband  and  Pip  in 
constant  awe. 

Joe  Gargery,  a  blacksmith,  married  to 
Pip's  sister.  A  noble-hearted,  simple- 
minded  young  man,  who  loved  Pip  sin- 
cerely. Though  uncouth  in  manners  and 
ungainly  in  appearance,  Joo  (iargery 
was  one  of  nature's  gentlemen. — C.  Dick- 
ens, Great  Expectations  (1860). 

Gargouille  (2  syl.),  the  great  dragon 
that  lived  in  the  Seine,  ravaged  Rouen, 
and  was  slain  by  St.  Roma'nus  in  the 
seventh  century. 

Garland  of  Howth  (Ireland),  the 
book  of  the  four  Gospels  preserved  in 
the  abbey  of  Howth,  remains  of  which 
still  exist. 

Garlic.  The  purveyor  of  the  sultan 
of  Casgar  says  he  knew  a  man  who  lost  his 
thumbs  and  great  toes  from  eating  garlic. 
The  facts  were  these  :  A  young  man  was 
married  to  the  favourite  of  Zobeide,  and 
partook  of  a  dish  containing  garlic  ;  when 
he  went  to  his  bride,  she  ordered  him  to 
be  bound,  and  cut  off  his  two  thumbs  and 
two  great  toes,  for  presuming  to  appear 
before  her  without  having  purified  his 
fingers.  Ever  after  this  he  always  washed 
his  hands  120  times  with  alkali  and  soap 
after  partaking  of  garlic  in  a  rage  ut. — 
Arabim  Nights  (''Tie  Purveyor's  St(  ry"). 


Gar 'rat  ( Th«  mayor  of).  Garrat  is  a 
village  between  Wandsworth  and  Tool- 
ing. In  1780  the  inhabitants  associated 
themselves  together  to  resist  any  further 
encroachments  on  their  common,  and  the 
chairman  was  called  the  Mayor.  The  first 
"  mayor "  happened  to  be  chosen  on  a 
general  election,  and  so  it  was  decreed 
that  a  new  mayor  should  be  appointed  at 
each  general  election.  This  made  excel- 
lent capital  for  electioneering  squibs,  and 
some  of  the  greatest  wits  of  the  day  have 
ventilated  political  grievances,  gibbeted 
political  characters,  and  sprinkled  holy 
water  with  good  stout  oaken  cudgels 
under  the  mask  of  "addresses  by  the 
mayors  of  Garrat." 

S.  Foote  has  a  farce  entitled  The  Mayor 
of  Garrat  (1762). 

GarrawayJ8?  a  coffee-house  in  Ex- 
change Alley,  which  existed  for  216  years, 
but  is  now  pulled  down.  Here  tea  was 
sold  in  1G57  for  sums  varying  from  16s. 
to  50s.  per  lb. 

Garter.  According  to  legend,  Joan 
countess  of  Salisbury  accidentally  slipped 
her  garter  at  a  court  ball.  It  was  picked 
up  by  her  royal  partner,  Edward  III., 
who  gallantly  diverted  the  attention  of 
the  guests  from  the  lady  by  binding  the 
blue  band  round  his  own  knee,  saying, 
as  he  did  so,  "  Honi  soit  qui  mal  y 
pense." 

The  earl's  greatest  of  all  grandmother! 
Was  grander  daughter  Mill  to  that  fair  dame 
WhoM  garter  slipped  down  at  the  famous  ball. 
Robert  Browning,  A  lilvt  on  the  'Scutcheon,  L  8. 

Gai'tha,  sister  of  pnnce  Oswald  of 
Vero'na.  When  Oswald  was  slain  io 
single  combat  by  Gondibert  (a  combat 
provoked  by  his  own  treachery),  Gartha 
used  all  her  efforts  to  stir  up  civil  war ; 
but  Hermegild,  a  man  of  great  prudence, 
who  loved  her,  was  the  author  of  wiser 
counsel,  and  diverted  the  anger  of  the 
camp  by  a  funeral  pageant  of  unusual 
splendour.  As  the  tale  is  not  finished, 
the  ultimate  lot  of  Gartha  is  unknown. — 
Sir  William  Davenant,  Gondibert  (died 
1668). 

Gas'abal,  the  'squire  of  don  Galaor. 

Gasabal  was  a  man  of  such  silence  that  the  author 
names  him  only  once  In  the  course  of  his  voluminous 
history.— Don  Uuixote,  I.  ill.  6  (1GUS). 

Gascoigne  (Sir  William).  Shake- 
speare says  that  prince  Henry  "struck 
the  chief  justice  in  the  open  court  ;  "  but 
it  does  not  appear  from  history  that  any 
blow  was  given.     The  fact  is  this: 

One  of  the  gay  companions  of  the  prince  being  com- 
mitted for  felony,  the  prince  demanded  bis  release ;  but 


GASHFoKD. 


867 


GAUL. 


dr  WUlUm  told  him  the  only  way  of  obta'nliu;  a  release 
weald  be  to  tcet  from  tin-  king  a  free  pardon.  Prince 
Henry  nuw  triad  lo  rewcue  the  prUonti"  >■<  farce,  when 
tlie  Judire  orlerr.1  him  out  of  court  In  a  towering  fury. 
the  prince  tlew  to  the  Jutunneiit  seat,  anil  all  thoiiKht  he 
•u  about  to  ilajr  the  fuogtl  hut  sir  William  aaJd  !■} 
firmly  aii'l  quwiiy.  "Svr  ranambar  fimiwlfa  I  k.-j-e 
here  the  place  of  the  kynite.  jmir  wivcrcune  lor>l<*  mm 
father,  lo  wtioui  jrou  owe  jotibyi  otaMiaDM  .  »' 
clotrn''  ><nj  tn  his  inline  to  iU-»)lte  oi  V'ur  wilfulnei.  .  .  . 
Am!  nowe  for  >our  cootempte  goo  you  u>  the  pryeoua  of 
the  Kyngea  liettche.  whereunto  I  comin>tte  you.  ami  rr- 
nuiyne  ye  Uicre  pruoner  untyll  tlie  pleasure  of  the  k>nue 
Oe  further  known."  With  which  words,  the  prince  l>eing 
■bashed,  the  noble  prisoner  departed  and  went  to  the 
Kuax  •  Bench.— 81r  Thoinaa  Elyot,  Tka  liortrnour  (1831). 

Gashibrd,  secretary  to  lord  George 
Gordon.  A  detestable,  cruel  sneak,  who 
dupes  his  half-mad  master,  and  leads 
him  to  imagine  he  is  upholding  a  noble 
cause  in  plotting  against  the  English 
catholics.  To  wreak  vengeance  on  Geof- 
frey  Haredale,  he  incites  the  rioters  to 
Ourn  "The  Warren,"  where  Haredale 
resided.  Gashford  commits  suicide. — C. 
Tiickcns,  liarnaby  liudje  (1811). 

Gaspar  or  Caspar  ("the  white  one"), 
one  of  the  throe  Magi  or  kings  of  Cologne. 
II  is  offering  to  the  infant  Jesus  was 
frankincense,  in  token  of  divinity. 

*m*  The  other  two  were  Melchior 
("king  of  light"),  who  offered  ijold, 
symbolical  of  royalty ;  and  llaltriazar 
("lord  of  treasures"),  who  offered  myrrh, 
to  denote  that  Christ  would  die.  Klop- 
stock,  in  his  Alessiah,  makes  the  Dumber 
of  the  Magi  six,  not  one  of  which  names 
agrees  with  those  of  Cologne  Cathedral. 

Gaspard,  the  steward  of  count  De 
Valmont,  in  whose  service  he  had  been 
fur  twenty  years,  and  to  whom  lie  1111 
most  devotedly  attached. — \V.  Dimond, 
The  Foundling  of  the  Forest. 

Gas'pero,  secretary  of  state,  in  the 
drama  called  The  Laws  of  Candy,  by 
lieaumont  and  Fletcher  (1647). 

Gato  of  Franco  (Irun),  Longwy,  a 

•troug  uiiliuiry  position. 

Gato  of  Italy,  thai  part  of  the  valley 
of  the  Atligi"-  which  is  in  the  vicinity  of 

Trent    ainl    Rorertdo.        It    is   a    narrow 
gorge  between  two  mountain  ridges. 

Gate  of  Tears  {Bdbdmm&A\  the 

pannage  into  the  Ked  Sea. 

Like  wiine  Ill-draUned  l»rk  that  ttewri 

In  I'lrnce  throo^h  the  (late  of  Tear*. 

Moore.  LaiUi  Aoo*.v  ("Tbe  Wre-  Worahlpners."  1817). 

Gates  (Iron)  or  Dmmr  Fin,  a  eele- 

r.  rated    pa«9    of    the    Teuthras,    through 

whii-h  all  caravans  between  Smyrna  and 

lirusa  must  needs  pass. 
GatoB  of  Cilicia  (j>yla   C3i 


defile  connecting  Cappadocia  and  Cilicia. 
Now  called  the  Pass  of  Gfllek  LMgha*. 

Gates  of  Syria  (pyla  Syria),  a 
I'm  i,  in  pats.  Neai  tins  pass  was  the 
battle-field  of  Issus. 

Gates  of  tho  Caspian  (pyla  Cos- 
pice),  a  rent  in  the  high  mountain-wall 
south  of  the  Caspian,  in  the  rnijhbour- 
hoodof  the  modern  Persian  capital. 

Gates    of  the   Occult   Sciences 
(The),  forty,  or  as  some  say  forty-eight, 
books   on    magic,    in  Arabia.     The    first 
twelve    teach    the    art    of   sorcery    and 
enchantment,  the  thirteenth  teaches  how 
to  disenchant  and  restore  bodies  t 
native    shapes    again.     A    comph  ' 
was  always  kept  in  the  Dom-Dai 
school  for  ma^ic  in  Tunis. — Comtitmation 
of  the  Arabian  Si-jhts  ("  llistoiy  of  Mau'- 
graby"). 

Gath'eral  (Old),  steward  to  the  duke 
of  Buckingham. — Sir  W.  Scott,  J'cr<rxl 
of  the  1'eak  (time,  Charles  11.). 

Gath'erill  (Old),  bailiff  to  sir 
frcy  Peveril  of  the  Peak. — Sir  W.  - 

J'ticnl  of  the  J'eah  (time,  Churks  II.). 

Gauden'tio   di    Lucca,   the  hero 
and  title  of  a  romance  by  Simon  B\ 
ton.     He  makes  a  journey  to  Mesxoramia. 
an  imaginary  country  in  the  interior  of 
Africa. 

Gau'difer,  a  champion  in  the 
romance  of  AiexamL-r. 

Gaudio'8a  f Zariy),  wife  of  I'elayo ; 
a  wise  ami  faithful  counsellor,  high- 
minded,  brave  in  danger,  and  a  real  he!p- 

metc.    Southey,   Bcatrick,   Ltist   of  the 
Goths  (1814). 

Gaudissart,  tlie  droll  French  bag- 
man. 

Gaul,  son  of  Horn]  of  Simmon.  He 
was  betrothed  to  Oith'ona  daoj 

Nuuth,  but  before  tbe  day  of  marriage  he 

.  Led  aw  ay    !  I  him 

on  an   expediuoi 

At  the  same  time  N  tilth  was  at  war,  and 

sent   for    his   son    LawthmOQ]    so   Uithona 

was  left  Dnprotected  in  her  home.    Dun- 

rommath     lord    of    I'th.il     (or     Cuthal) 

this  opportunity  to   carry  ),• 
and  concealed   her  in  a  cave  in  the 
island    of   Trom'atbOQ.      When    Caul    re- 
turned to  claim  his  betrothed,  he 
she   *as  p>nr,  and   was  told   by  a    ■ 

in  the  m.  hi  whereehe  was  hidden.     N<  xt 
i!.i\.  frith  three  followers,  Caul  * 
Tromathon,    ami    tlie  ming 


GAUL. 

np,  he  slew  him  and  cut  off  his  head. 
Oithona,  armed  as  a  combatant,  mingled 
with  the  fighters  and  was  wounded. 
Gaul  saw  what  he  thought  a  youth  dying, 
and  went  to  offer  assistance,  but  found  it 
was  Oithona,  who  forthwith  expired. 
Disconsolate,  he  returned  to  Dunlathmon, 
and  thence  to  Monren. — Ossian,  Oithona. 

His  voice  was  like  many  streams. — Ossian,  Fingal,  liL 

(Homer  makes  a  loud  voice  a  thing  to 
be  much  commended  in  a  warrior.) 

Gaul  (A)  generally  means  a  French- 
man ;  and  Gallia  means  France,  the 
country  of  the  Celtae  or  Keltai,  called  by 
the  Greeks  "  Gallatai,"  and  shortened 
into  Galli.  Wales  is  also  called  Gallia, 
Galis,  and  Gaul,  especially  in  mediaeval 
romance :  hence,  Amadis  of  Gaul  is  not 
Amadis  of  France,  but  Amadis  of  Wales  ; 
sii  Lamorake  de  Galis  is  sir  Lamorake  of 
Wales.  Gaul  in  France  is  Armorica  or 
little  Britain  (Brittany). 

Gaunt' grim,  the  wolf,  in  lord 
Lytton's  Pilgrims  of  the  Mine  (1834). 

Bruin  Is  always  In  Uie  sulks,  and  Gauntgrim  always  la 
a  passion.— Ch.  xlL 

Gautier  et  Garguille,  "all  the 
world  and  his  wife." 

Be  moquer  de  Gautier  et  GarguUle  ("  To  make  Kama  of 
every  one  "). — A  Ftmch  I'roverb. 

Gava'ni,  the  pseudonym  of  Sulpice 
Paul  Chevalier,  the  great  caricaturist  of 
the  French  Charivari  (1803-1866). 

Gavroche  (2  syl.),  type  of  the 
Parisian  street  arab. — Victor  Hugo,  Lei 
Mat  rabies  (1862). 

Gawain  [Gaw"n~],  son  of  king  Lot 
and  Morgause  (Arthur's  sister).  His 
brothers  were  Agravain,  Ga'hens,  and 
Ga'reth.  The  traitor  Mordrcd  was  his 
half-brother,  being  the  adulterous  off- 
spring of  Morgause  and  prince  Arthur. 
Lot  was  king  of  Orkney.  Gawain  was 
the  second  of  the  fifty  knights  created  by 
king  Arthur  ;  Tor  was  the  first,  and  was 
dubbed  the  same  day  (pt.  i.  48).  When 
the  adulterous  passion  of  sir  Launcelot 
for  queen  Guenever  came  to  the  know- 
ledge of  the  king,  sir  Gawain  insisted 
that  the  king's  honour  should  be  upheld. 
Accordingly,  king  Arthur  wtnt  in  battle 
array  to  Benwicke  (Brittany),  the  "  realm 
uf  sir  Launeeiot,"  and  proclaimed  war. 
liere  sir  Gawain  fell,  according  to  the 
prophecy  of  Merlin,  "  With  this  sword 
shall  Launcelot  slay  the  man  that  in 
t)i is  world  he  loved  beat  "  (pt.  i.  44).  In 
this  same  battle  tl  e  king  was  told  that 
ilia  bastard  son  Mordrcd  had  usurped  his 


368  GAYVHiE. 


throne,  so  he  hastened  back  with  all 
speed,  and  in  the  great  battle  of  the) 
West  received  his  mortal  wound  (pt.  iii. 
160-167).— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur  (1470). 

Of  Arthurian  knights,  Gawain  is  called 
the  "  Courteous,"  sir  Kay  the  "  Rude  and 
Boastful,"  Mordred  the  "Treacherous," 
Launcelot  the  "Chivalrous,"  Galahad 
the  "Chaste,"  Mark  the  "Dastard,"  sir 
Palomides  (3  syl.)  the  "  Saracen  "  i.e. 
unbaptized,  etc. 

Gawky  (Lord),  Richard  Grenvilla 
(1711-1770). 

Gaw'rey,  a  flying  woman,  whose 
wings  served  the  double  purpose  of  flying 
and  dress.— R.  Pultock,  Peter  Wilkin* 
(1750). 

Gay  ( Walter),  in  the  firm  of  Dom- 
bey  and  Son ;  an  honest,  frank,  in- 
genuous youth,  who  loved  Florence 
Dombey,  and  comforted  her  in  her  early 
troubles.  Walter  Gay  was  sent  in  the 
merchantman  called  The  Son  and  Heir,  as 
junior  partner,  to  Barbadoes,  and  sur- 
vived a  shipwreck.  After  his  return 
from  Barbadoes,  he  married  Florence.— 
C.  Dickens,  Don\bey  and  Son  (1846). 

Gayless  (Charles),  the  pennylese 
suitor  of  Melissa.  His  valet  is  Sharp. — 
Garrick,  The  Lying  Valet  (1741). 

Gay'ville  (Lord),  the  affianced 
husband  of  Miss  Alscrip  "  the  heiress," 
whom  he  detests  ;  but  he  ardently  lovee 
Miss  Alton,  her  companion.  The  former 
is  conceited,  overbearing,  and  vulgar,  but 
very  rich  ;  the  latter  is  modest,  retiring, 
and  lady-like,  but  very  poor.  It  turni 
out  that  £2000  a  year  of  "the heiress's" 
property  was  entailed  on  sir  William 
Charlton's  heirs,  and  therefore  descended 
to  Mr.  Clifford  in  right  of  his  mother. 
This  money  Mr.  Clifford  settles  on  his 
sister,  Miss  Alton  (whose  real  name  is 
Clifford).  Sir  Clement  Flint  tears  the 
conveyance,  whereby  Clifford  retains  the 
£2000  a  year,  and  sir  Clement  settles 
the  same  amount  on  lord  Gayville,  who 
marries  Miss  Alton  alias  Miss  Clifford. 

Lady  Emily  Gayville,  sister  of  lord 
Gayville.  A  bright,  vivacious,  and  witty 
lady,  who  loves  Mr.  Clifford.  Clifford 
also  greatly  loves  lady  Emily,  but  is 
deterred  from  proposing  to  her,  because 
he  is  poor  and  unequal  to  her  in  a  social 
position.  It  turns  out  that  he  comes  into 
£2000  a  year  in  right  of  his  mother,  ladv 
Charlton  ;    and  is  thus  enabled  to  offer 


QAZBAN. 

himself   to  the   lady,    by  whom    he    is 

accepted. — (Jcueral  Durgovnc,  •/'/«.  flssnssi 
(1781). 

Gazljan,  the  black  slave  of  the  old 
Ire-worshipper,  employed  to  sacrifice  the 

Mussulmans  to  be  offered  Oil  tin-  ••  moun- 
tain of  tire." — Arabian  Night*  '"Auigiad 
and  Assad"). 

Gazette  (Sir  Grr:!'>r>/),  a  man  who 
delights  in  news,  without  having  the 
iligntest  comprehension  of  politics. — 
Samuel  Footc,  The  Auijhts. 

Gaz'nivides  (3  s;/l.),  a  Persian 
dynasty,  which  gave  lour  kings  and 
laited  lift v  wars.  It  was  founded  by 
Mahmoud'Gazni  (999-1049). 

Ge'ber,  an  Arabian  alchemist,  born 
at  Thous,  in  Persia  (eighth  century),  lie 
wrote   several   treatises    on    the.    "art   of 

making  gold,"  in  the  usual  mystical 
jargon  of  the  period;  and  hence  our  word 
yitixrish  ("  senseless  jargon  "). 

ThU  art  Uic  Aral  .lit  .  . 

The  Laxir  ut  Pnrnstaal  Youth. 

Unnftclluw,  Ttm  Golden  Ugmi. 

Geddes  (Joshua),  the  quaker. 

Rochet  Oeann,  sister  of  Joshua. 

Philip  Qeddes,  grandfather  of  Joshua 
and  Rachel  Geddes. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  •/•'cii- 
gauntlct  (time,  George  111.). 

Gehen'na,  the  place  of  everlasting 
torment.      Strictly  speaking,  it  means  the 

Valley  of  Elinnom  (<'<:  Hwnom),  where 
sacrifices  to  Moloch  were  offered,  and 
where  refuse  of  all  sorts  was  subsequently 
east,  for  the  consumption  of  which  tires 
kepi  constantly  burning.  There 
was  also  a  sort  of  aqua  tujaiui,  called 
liquor  Qtktnma. 

.nt  It  rtlsy  be  to  mnnjr, 
Uut  to  i  'i-nn». 

liWgSiHiHr.  The  BpMlH  Ij-jmd, 
And  black  Qahi  uh  onliad,  the  t>iw  ol  i  ■  'i 

Allium,  I'aradU*  LaU.  I.  *u  \\CCi). 

Goierstein     [GV.er.sfmc-],     Arnold 

count  of. 

('•>u,.:  rtteifl.  brother  of 

Arnold  Biedermaa,  I  (I)  as  the 

black  ]irie-L  of  St.  Paul's;  (2)  as  pre- 
sident ol  the  secret  tribunal  ;  (.'<)  as  monk 
at  Mont  Si.   Vict. .ire. 

Ann  -i.  called  "The  Maiden 

"  daughter  of  count  A.  i  it, 

u  j.l  :  mi. 

of    Ucicrstcin,    grand- 
father of  count  Arnold. 

;  •.    father 

->(  <  ■■iint  Arnold.— Sir  \\ .  Beott,  dans    f 
rafttm  (time,  Edward  IV.). 


GELLATLY. 


Geislaer  (Pcterkin),  one  of  the  in- 

'  -     Si      l.e  /■       |  L  .    •   ].—  Sir     W, 

Beott)  (Jiuntin  IturuarJ  (tune,  Ld*ard 
IV.). 

Geith  (toon/?),  a  model  of  untiring  in- 
dnstry,  . 
Undaunted  by  difficult^ 

onward    way,    and     worked     as     long    as 

breath  was  left  him. — Mrs.  Trailord 
[liiddellj,  Ueurtje  Uudh. 

Golert,  Llewellyn's  favourite  hound. 
One  day,  Llewellyn  returned  from  hunt- 
in  -,  when  GSlerl  met  him  smeared  with 

The   chieftain    felt   alarmed,    and 
instantly  went   to  look  for  his  bah 
lie   found  the  cradle  overturned,  :. 
around  was  sprinkled  with  gOK  and  blood. 

ed  his  child,  but  no  v 
and  thinking  the  hound  had  eat.  n  it,  hu 
■tabbed    the   animal    to    the    heart.     Tho 
tumult  awoke  the  baby  boy,  and  on  - 
ing  more  carefully,  a  hi;  found 

the  bed,  aaite  rt  hud 

sluiu  the  wolf  and  saved  the  child. 

Ai.il  now  *  giJUnt  tntiib  tiitj  rmlM, 

And  narblB^  rtorMd  mth  Iils  ;>raU», 
fuor  Q 
Hon.  W.  lc  BpajDOV,  SMS  ».<  (  c  t.  iirt'i  GrnT**). 

%•  This  tale,  with  a  slight  dill.  | 
is  common   to  all   parts  ■  .,1,      || 

is  told  in  the  (fossa  Bommntonm  of 
Kolliculus,  a  knight,  but  the  wolf  is  a 
"serpent,   and  Folliculus,  in  • 

makes  a   pilgrimage   to   the   Holy   Land. 

In  the  Banskrit  version,  given  in  the 
Pantachatantra   (a.i>.   540),    the  I 

told  of  the  brahmin  iKvusaman,  an 
''ichneumon"  and  "black  snake"  taking 

If,      hi 

.  due  version  by  Near-Allah  (twelfth 
century),  a  "weasel"  is  substituted  for 
the  dog;  in  the  Mongolian  Ui  run  a 
"  polecat:"  in  the  1 

a   "  cat  ;  "  and   in   the    ,' 

an     "  otter."     In    the  (inn. 

Ptarlt         ■  i  oj  tkt  I  i 

.hi  "  ichneumon/'  as  in  tin-  i 
version    (A.D.    668).       1  .r,    and 

also  in    the  lUbt    n 
told  of  a  dog.      A  sin.. 

.  1  another  occur* 
ill  the  ."       II    U  ..v         . 

Gol'hitly  ■    idiot    servant  oi 

t 

t's  mother. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,    i.  . 


ll.j. 
V  In 


some  editions  the  word  is  spelt 


GELOIOS.  370 


Geloi'os,  Silly  Laughter  personified. 
Geloios  is  slain  by  Encra'tes  (temper- 
ance) in  the  battle  of  Mansoul.  (Greek, 
giloios,  "facetious.") 

Gelolo.  next  ensued,  a  merry  Greek. 

Whose  life  was  laughter  rain,  and  mirth  misplaced ; 
Bis  speeches  broad,  to  shame  the  modest  cheek  ; 

Nor  cared  he  whom,  or  when,  or  how  disgraced. 
Phineas  Fletcher,  Th*  PurpU  JtUnd,  Till.,  si.  (1833). 

Gem  Alphabet. 

Trantpartnt.  Opaqu*. 

Amethyst  Agate 

Beryl  *  Basalt 

Chrysoberyl  Cacholong 

Diamond  Diaspore 

Emerald  Egyptian  pebble 

Felspar  Fire-stone 

Garnet  Granite 

Hyacinth  Heliotrope 

Idocrase  Jasper 

Kyanite  Krokidolite 
Lynx-sapphire        Lapis-lazuli 

IfLilk-opai  Malachite 

N^trolite  Nephrite 

0|>al  Onyx 

Pyrope  Porphyry 

Quartz  Quartz-agate 

Ruby  Rose-quartz 

Sapphire  Sardonyx 

Topaz  Turquoise 

Unanite  Ultra-marine 

Vcsuvianite  "Verd-antique 
Water-sapphire       Wood-opaJ 

Xanthite  Xylotile 

Zircon  Zurlite 

Gem     of     Normandy,     Emma, 
daughter    of    Richard    "the     Fearless, 
duke  of   Normandy.     She  first  married 
Ethelred  II.  of  England,  and  then  Canute, 
but  survived  both,  and  died  in  1052. 

There  Is  a  story  told  that  Emma  was  once  brought  to 
trial  on  various  charge*  of  public  and  private  misconduct, 
but  that  slieclearnl  herself  b)  Uic  ordenl  of  walking  blind- 
fold ip»<t  red  lot  ploughshare*  without  being  hurt. — E.  A. 
Freeman,  Old  injlUl  llittory,  ■.'65. 

Gem  of  the  Ocean.  Ireland  is 
called  by  T.  Moore  "  first  gem  of  the 
ocean,  first  pearl  of  the  sea." 

Gems  emblems  of  the  Twelve 
Apostles. 

ANDREW,  the  bright  blue  sapphire, 
emblematic  of  his  heavenly  faith. 

Babtholombw,  the  red  oarneliam, 
emblematic  of  his  martyrdom. 

JAMBS,  the  white  chalcedony,  em- 
blematic of  his  purity. 

JAMBS  THB  Lbss,  the  topaz,  em- 
blematic of  delicacy. 

John,  the  emerald,  emblematic  of  his 
youth  and  gt-itleness. 

Matthew,  the  amethyst,  emblematic 
of  sobriety.     Matthew  was  once  a  "  pub- 


GEM1M. 

lican,"  but  was  "sobered"  by  the  leaven 
of  Christianity. 

Matthias,  the  chrysolite,  pure  as  sun- 
shine. 

1'kter,  the  jasper,  hard  and  solid  as 
the  rock  of  the  Church. 

I'mi.ir,  the  friendly  sardonyx. 

Stvicos  of  Cana,  the  pink  hyacinth, 
emblematic  of  sweet  temper. 

Thaddeub,  the  chrysoprase,  em- 
blematic of  serenity  and  trustfulness. 

Thomas,  the  beryl,  indefinite  ia  lustre, 
emblematic  of  his  doubting  faith. 

Gems  symbohc  of  the  Months. 

January,  the  jacinth  or  hyacinth, 
symbolizing  constancy  and  fidelity. 

February,  the  amethyst,  symbolizing 
peace  of  mind  and  sobriety. 

March,  the  blood-stone  or  jasper,  sym- 
bolizing courage  and  success  in  dangerous 
enterprise. 

April,  the  sapphire  and  diamond, 
symbolizing  repentance  and  innocence. 

May,  the  emerald,  symbolizing  success 
in  love. 

June,  the  agate,  symbolizing  long  life 
and  health. 

July,  the  carnelian,  symbolizing  cure 
of  evils  resulting  from  forgetfulness. 

Au-just,  the  sardonyx  or  onyx,  sym- 
bolizing conjugal  felicity. 

September,  the  chrysolite,  symbolizing 
preservation  from  folly,  or  its  cure. 

October,  the  aqua-marine,  opal,  or 
beryl,  symbolizing  hope. 

November,  the  topaz,  symbolizing  fidelity 
and  friendship. 

December,  the  turquoise  or  ruby,  sym- 
bolizing brilliant  success. 

%•  borne  doubt  exists  between  May 
and  June,  July  and  August.  Thus  some 
give  the  agate  to  May,  and  the  emerald  to 
June ;  the  carnelian  to  August,  and  the 
onyx  to  July. 

Gembok  or  Gemsboc,  a  sort  of 
stag,  a  native  of  South  Africa.  It  is  a 
heavy,  stout  animal,  which  makes  cuch 
use  of  its  horns  as  even  to  beat  off  the 
lion. 

Far  Into  the  heat  among  the  sands. 
The  gembok  nations,  snuffing  up  the  wind 
Dtswn  by  the  scent  of  water;  and  the  bands 
Of  tawny-bearded  lions  pacing,  blind 
With  the  suu-danle  .  .  .  and  spiritless  for  bick  of  rest. 
Jean  Ingelow,  The  four  Bridge: 

Gem'ini  {"the  tirins").     Castor  and] 
Pollux  are  the  two  principal  stars  of  thil 
constellation  ;   the   former   has   a   bluish  l 
tinge,  and  the  latter  a  damask  red. 

Al  heaven's  high  twins,  whereof  In  Tyrian  blue 
The  one  rerultcth  ;  through  his  course  Immense 
Might  hue  lib  fellow  of  the  damask  hue. 

Jean  lugolow,  Uonotm.  L 


GEMINI 


o71 


GEOFFREY. 


Oemini.  Mrs.  Browning  makes  Eve 
view  in  the  constellation  Qemini  a 
symbol  of  the  increase  of  the  human  rare, 
and  she  loved  to  gaze  on  it. —  K.  B. 
Browning,  A  Drama  of  Exile  (1>S5U). 

Geneu'ra.    (See  Gineuha.) 

%*  Queen   Guincver  or    Guenever    is 

sometimes  called  "Geneura,"    or  "  Ge- 

nevra." 

Gene'va  Bull  (The),  Stephen 
Marshall,  a  Calvinistic  preacher. 

Genevieve  (St.),  the  patron  saint  of 
Paris,  born  at  Nanterre.  She  was  a 
shepherdess,  but  went  to  Paris  when  her 
parents  died,  and  was  there  during 
Attila's  invasion  (a.d.  451).  She  told 
the  citizens  that  God  would  6pare  the 
city,  and  "her  prediction  came  true." 
At  another  time,  she  procured  food  for  the 
Parisians  suffering  from  famine.  At  her 
request,  Clovis  built  the  church  of  St. 
Pierre  et  St.  Paul,  afterwards  called 
6te.  Genevieve.  Her  day  is  January  3. 
Her  relics  are  deposited  in  the  Pantheon 
now  called  by  her  name  (419-512). 

Genii  or  Ginn,  an  intermediate  race 
between  angels  and  men.  They  ruled  on 
earth  before  the  creation  of  Adam. — 
D'Herbelot,  Bibliothiqve  Orientate,  357 
(1697).     Also  spelt  Djinn  and  .linn. 

%*  Solomon  is  supposed  to  preside 
over  the  whole  race  of  genii.  This  seems 
to  have  arisen  from  a  mere  confusion  of 
words  of  somewhat  similar  sound.  The 
chief  of  the  genii  was  called  a  suley- 
man,  which  got  corrupted  into  a  proper 
name. 

Genius  and  Common  Senae. 
T.  Moon  says  that  Common  Sense  and 
Genius  once  went  out  together  on  a 
ramble  by  moonlight.  Common  Sense 
went  prosing  on  his  way,  arrived  home 
in  rood  time,  and  went  to  bed  ;  but 
Genius,  while  gazing  at  the  stars,  stum- 
bled into  a  river,  and  died. 

***  This  story  i3  told  of  Thal.'s  the 
philosopher  by  Plato.  Chancer  has  also 
an  allusion  thereto  in  his  MM  r'l  Tale. 

Bo  ft-rdr  another  dirk  With  '"tr.m.iinj'e: 
He  WlMd  In 

Ppoa  tb*   terrta,  irbal  th.  r  shuld  befall. 
Til  he  wiu  in  »  nmrl*  p  I 

Chaucer.  Canterbury  Tai*t,  MS",  etc.  (1389). 

Genna'ro,  the  natural  son  of  Lui 
di  Borgia  (daughter  of  pope  Alexander 
VI.)  before  her  marriage  with  AlfODBO 
duke  of  Ferra'ra.  lie  was  brought  up 
by  a  Neapolitan  fisherman.  In  early 
manhood  ho  went  to  Venice,  heard  of 
the  scandalt>u«  cnu  lt\   of  Lucrezia,  and, 


with    the    heedless    petulance   of    ycoth, 
mutilated  the  duke's  e-  .strik- 

ing  out  the  B,  thus  converting 
into  Orgia  (orates).     Lucrezia  demanded 
vengeance,  and  Gennaro  mi  condemned 
to    death     by    poison.      When    Lucrezia 
discovered  that  the  otfender  was  1. 
son,   she   gave    him    an   antidote    to    the 
poison,  and  set  him  free.     Not  loi 
this,   at   a   banquet   given    by    N 
Lucrezia  revealed  her-  iro  ai 

his  mother,  and  Loth  ex iiircl 
the  banquet  hall. — Donizetti,  Lucrezia  di 
Borgia  (1834). 

Gennil  (£alph)t  a  veteran  in  the 
troop  of  sir  Hugo  de  Lacy. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Genove'fa,  wife  of  Siegfried  count 
palatine  of  Brabant.  Being  sus- 
pected of  infidelity,  she  was  driven  into 
the  forest  of  Ardennes,  where  ahi 
birth  to  a  son,  who  was  suckled  by  a 
white  doc.  After  a  time,  Siegfried  die- 
covered  his  error,  and  both  mother  and 
child  were  restored  to  their  proper  home. 
— German  Popular 

Tieck  and  Miiller  have  popularized  the 
tradition,  and  Laupach  has  made  it  the 
subject  of  a  drama. 

Gentle  Shepherd  (The),  George 
Grenvillc.  In  one  of  his  sj>eeches,  ho 
exclaimed  in  the  House,  "  Tell  mo 
whore!"  when  Pitt  hummed  the  line  of 
a  popular  song.  "Gentle  She]  herd,  tell 
me  where  !  "  and  the  House  was  convulsed 
with  laughter  (1712-1770). 

Gentle  Shepherd  {The),  the  title  and 
chief  character  td.  Allan  Ramsay*!  pas- 
toral (1725). 

Gentleman  of  Europe  (T?w  First), 
George  IV.  (1762,  1820  1880). 

It  wm  the  "flrnt  crntlomnn  In  Europe'  In  »' 

i 

(Inula  bar  i  ,.f  ch*. 

nu  i.r  n.u.t  t:..  it-  not  bat 

Unit    auK'  .  .' 

Premier  -      .    -.<    uf    all    Luru|«  : — Thackeray. 

Vanity  fair  ll:Oj). 

mm  of  M  ■  I  *t)t  Louis 

d'Artois. 

Gentloman  Smith. William  Smith, 
actor,  noted  for  hit  inly  deport* 

on  the  stage  U7JO-17'JO). 

GooflVoy,  archbishop  of  York. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  T/ic  laUtmam  (tune.  Bichard 

I.). 

"'■ey,  the  old  ostler  of  John  Mengs 
(innkeeper  ai  £irchh<  .'").— Sir  W.  Scott, 
>  t mi. ,  Edward  IV.). 


GEOFFREY  CRAYON. 


372 


GEORGE  IV.,  ETC. 


Geoffrey  Crayon,  the  hypothetical 
name  of  the  author  of  the  Sketch- Hook, 
by  Washington  Irving  of  New  York 
(1818-1820). 

George  {Honest).  General  Monk, 
George  duke  of  Albemarle,  was  bo 
called  by  the  votaries  of  Cromwell 
(1608-1670). 

George  (Mr.),  a  stalwart,  handsome, 
simple-hearted  fellow,  son  of  Mrs. 
Rouncewell  the  housekeeper  at  Chesney 
Wold.  He  was  very  wild  as  a  lad,  and 
ran  away  from  his  mother  to  enlist  as  a 
soldier ;  but  on  his  return  to  England 
he  opened  a  shooting-gallery  in  Leicester 
Square,  London.  When  sir  Leicester 
Dedlock,  in  his  old  age,  fell  into  trouble, 
George  became  his  faithful  attendant. — 
C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1853). 

George  (St.),  the  patron  saint  of  Eng- 
land. He  was  bom  at  Lydda,  but  brought 
up  in  Cappadocia,  and  suffered  martyrdom 
in  the  reign  of  Diocletian,  April  23,  a.d. 
303.  Mr.  Hogg  tells  us  of  a  Greek  in- 
scription at  Ezra,  in  Syria,  dated  346,  in 
which  the  martyrdom  of  St.  (ieorge  is 
referred  to.  At  this  date  was  living 
George  bishop  of  Alexandria,  with  whom 
Gibbon,  in  his  Decline  and  hall,  has  con- 
founded the  patron  saint  of  England ;  but 
the  bishop  died  in  3G2,  or  fifty -nine  years 
after  the  prince  of  Cappadocia.  (See 
Red  Ckoss  Knight.) 

%*  Mussulmans  revere  St.  George 
under  the  name  of  "  Gherghis." 

St.  George's  Bones  were  taken  to  the 
church  in  the  city  of  Constantine. 

St.  George's  Head.  One  of  his  heads 
was  preserved  at  Rome.  Long  forgotten, 
it  was  rediscovered  in  751,  and  was  given 
in  1600  to  the  church  of  Ferrara.  Another 
of  his  heads  was  preserved  in  the  church 
of  Mares-Moutier,  in  Picardy. 

St.  George's  Limbs.  One  of  his  arms 
fell  from  heaven  upon  the  altar  of  Pan- 
taleon,  at  Cologne.  Another  was  pre- 
served in  a  religious  house  of  Barala, 
and  was  transferred  thence  in  the  ninth 
century  to  Cambray.  Part  of  an  arm 
was  presented  by  Robert  of  Flanders  to 
the  city  of  Toulouse  ;  another  part  was 
given  to  the  abbey  of  Auchin,  and 
another  to  the  countess  Matilda. 

George  and  the  Dragon  (St.). 
St.  George,  son  of  lord  Albert  of 
Coventry,  was  stolen  in  infancy  by  "  the 
weird  lady  of  the  woods,"  who  brought 
the  lad  up  to  deeds  of  arms.  His  body 
had  three  marks  :  a  dragon  on  the  breast) 


a  garter  round  one  of  the  legs,  and  • 
blood-red  cross  on  the  right  arm.  When 
he  grew  to  manhood,  he  fought  against 
the  Saracens.  In  Libya  he  heard  of  a 
huge  dragon,  to  which  a  damsel  was 
daily  given  for  food,  and  it  so  happened 
that  when  he  arrived  the  victim  was 
Sabra,  the  king's  daughter.  She  was 
already  tied  to  the  stake  when  St.  George 
came  up.  On  came  the  dragon  ;  but  the 
knight,  thrusting  his  lance  into  the 
monster's  mouth,  killed  it  on  the  spot. 
Sabra,  being  brought  to  England,  became 
the  wife  of  her  deliverer,  and  they  lived 
happily  in  Coventry  till  death. — Percy, 
Jieliques,  III.  iii.  2. 

St.  George  and  the  Dragon,  oa  old 
guinea-pieces,  was  the  design  of  Pis- 
trucci.  It  was  an  adaptation  of  a  di- 
drachm  of  Tarentum,  B.C.  250. 

%*  The  encounter  between  George  and 
the  dragon  took  place  at  lierytus  (Bey- 
rut). 

The  tale  of  St.  George  and  the  dragoj 
is  told  in  the  Golden  Legends  of  Jacques 
de  Voragine.  —  See  S.  Baring-Gould, 
Curious  Myths  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

George  I.  and  the  duchess  of 
Kendal  (1719).  The  duchess  was  a 
German,  whose  name  was  Erangard 
Melrose  de  Schulemberg.  She  was 
created  duchess  of  Munster,  in  Ireland, 
baroness  Glastonbury,  countess  of  Fever- 
sham,  and  duchess  of  Kendal  (died 
1743). 

George  II.  His  favourite  was  Mary 
Howard,  duchess  of  Suffolk. 

George  II.,  when  angry,  vented  his 
displeasure  by  kicking  his  hat  about  the 
room.  We  are  told  that  Xerxes  vented 
his  displeasure  at  the  loss  of  his  bridges 
by  ordering  the  Hellespont  to  be  fet- 
tered, lashed  with  300  stripes,  and  in- 
sulted. 

George  III.  and  the  Fair 
Quakeress.  When  George  III.  wan 
about  20  years  of  age,  he  fell  in  love  with 
Hannah  Lightfoot,  daughter  of  a  linen* 
draper  in  Market  Street,  St.  James's.  He 
married  her  in  Kew  Church,  1759,  but 
of  course  the  marriage  was  not  recog- 
nized.    (See  Lovers.) 

%*  The  following  year  (September, 
1760),  he  married  the  princess  Charlotte 
of  .M  cklenburg-Strelitz.  Hannah  Lights 
fool  married  ;i  Mr.  Axford,  and  passed 
out  of  public  notice. 

George  IV.  and  Mrs.  Mary 
Robinson,    generally   called    Perdi^h 


GEORGE. 


373 


GERALDINB. 


Mary  Darby,  at  the  age  of  l.r>,  married 
Mr.  Robinson,  who  lived  a  few  months  on 
credit,  tod  was  then  imprisoned  for 
debt,  Mrs.  Robinson  sought  a  livelihood 
on  tin-  stage,  sod  George  IN'.,  1 1 1 1 - ri  prince 
of  Wales  Mad  a  mere  lad,  saw  her  as 
"  Perdita.  fell  in  love  with  her,  cor- 
responded with  her  under  the  assumed 
name  of  '•  Flori/.el,"  and  gave  her  a  bond 
for  £20.000,  subsequently  cancelled  for 
an  annuity  of  £600  (1758-1800). 

%*  George  IV.  was  born  in  17»V2,  and 
was  only  16  in  177*,  when  he  fell  in  love 
with  Mrs.  Robinson.  The  young  prince 
suddenly  abandoned  her,  and  after  two 
other  love  affairs,  privately  married,  at 
Carlton  House  (in  17H5),  Mrs.  Fitzherbert, 
a  lady  of  good  family,  and  a  widow, 
seven  years  his  senior.  The  marriage 
being  contrary  to  the  law,  he  married  the 

Erincess  Caroline  of  Brunswick,  in  17'.t.ri  ; 
ut  still  retained  his  connection  with 
Mrs.  Fitzherbert,  and  added  a  new  fa- 
Tonrite,  the  countess  of  .Jersey. 

George  fr>K  Laval],  a  friend  of 
Horace  de  ltrienne  (2  syl.).  Having 
committed  forgery,  Carlos  (alias  marquis 
d'Antas),  being  cognizant  of  it,  had  him 
in  his  power;  but  Ogarita  (alias  Martha) 
obtained  the  document,  and  returned  it  to 
George. — E.  Stirling,  Orphan  of  the  Frozen 
ika  (1856). 

George-a-Green,  the  pinner  or 
bound-keeper  of  Wakefield,  one  of  the 
chosen  favourites  of   Robin  Hood. 

Venl  Wakcflokl  penuiutnum, 

Ulil  qunrem  Qaorfjam  (in-enum, 

S.iii  Invent,  u-l  in  h.nnin. 

Kiiiiii  reperl  Caorxil  lignum, 

VI, I  alliiin  lubi  reran. 

Donee  Georgio  (ardor  cram. 

/irunktn  llarruxby  (1640). 
Onre  In  W.-ikcftrM  town,  lo  plciuant, 

n,  thfl  i»  A-yint ; 
JTouod  liiin  in'  ■  i>l.  sir. 

Valiant  nro»  ii 

Wli»l  carol  I  (,,r  Oaorfja  <>r  h 

*<1*  Robert  Green  has  a  drama  entitled 

Ge^rii-.i-iirecn,   the   I'miur  .'■  i 

GeorgO  Stroot  (Strand,  London), 
one  oi  eta  named  afl 

second  duke  of  Buckingham.     Th 

Stn  i  I.    \  V.liers  Street, 

Duke  Street,  and  BuckingLsai  Stl 

Georgian  Women  I  I '  •  Allah, 
wishing  to  stock  I  ■'.  com* 

sriasioned  an  imaum  to  select  for  him 
f<  rty  of  the  lovelies!  women  be  could 
■nd.    The  imaum  journeyed  Into  Prankis- 

lr.ii,  and   from   the   country   of  tbl 


carried  off  the  king's  daughter.  From 
Germany  he  selected  other  maiden*)]  but 

when   he  arriTOd   Bt   GOB   (north-west  of 

'!  iflis)  he  f<  11  in  love  wit-  been 

i  tarried  there,    Allah  put 

him   by  death,  but  the  D  .lined 

in   tiori,   and   became  the  mothers 

'iiost    beautiful    race    of    mortals    in    tiie 

irth. — A  Legend, 

Georgina  [Vesey],  daughter  of  sir 
John  Ves,v.      Pretty,  but  vain  and  frivo- 
lous.    She  loved,  as  much  as  her 
was  susceptible   of    such    a    passn  • 
Frederick    Blount,   but    wavered    I  • 
her   liking   and   the  policy   of   marrying 
Alfred   Evelyn,   a   man  of   great   n 

the  thought  the  property  of  E\  el)  n 
was  insecure,  she  at  o:  •  hand 

to  sir  Frederick. — Lord  L.  Bulwer  Lytton, 
Money  (1840). 

Geraint'  <>'ir),  of  Devon,  one  of  the 
knights   of    the    Bound    Table,     H< 
married   to   E'nid,  only  child  of  YhloL 
Fearing  lest   Enid  should  be  tainl 
the  queen,  sir  Geraint  left  the  court,  and 
retired     to     Devon,       Half    sleeping    and 
half  waking,  he  overheard  part  of    I 
words,  and   fancying  her  to  be  unfaithful 

to  him,  treated  bar  for  a  tuns  with  great 
harshness  ;  but  Enid  nursed  him  when  he 
was  wounded  with  such  wifely  tend 
that  he  could  no  longer  doubt  her 

and  a  complete  understanding  being  ■ 

li.-lud,  "they  crowned  a  happy  life  with 
a  fair  death." — Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the 
Kin^j  ("  (ieraint  and  Enid  "). 

Ger'aldin  (/  •  ""l  of 

Glenallan.     He  appears  tir>t  as  William 

I.ovell,  and   afterwards  as   major  Neville. 

lie  marries   Isabella  Wardour  (da 
of  sir  Arthur  Wardour). 

Sir  A'l'iur  iL-  Geraidi*,  an  ' 

lord   Geraldin.     Sir  \\  . 
tiqwtry  (tin  III.). 

Qer'aldine  ,  a  young  man, 

who   comes    home  from  his  tr 

his  pla*  fellow  (thai  should  I  i 

•ott.whor 

him  hospitably  as  a  friend  of  his  fa 

delight   in    bearing    tales   of    bis 

:     treats     him     most     kindly. 

Geraldina  and  the  wife  mutually  agree 
not  in  any  wise  to  wi  le  and 

confiding  an  old  gentleman. — loho  Hey- 

• 
orphan,  the  ward 
of  her  uncle  valmont,  I 

t"  Plorian  i"  the  four. 
the  forest,"  and   I  I   -  O  of    th« 


GERALDINE. 


374 


GERONTE. 


count).  This  foundling  turns  out  to  be 
his  real  son,  who  had  been  rescued  by  his 
mother  and  carried  into  the  forest  to  save 
him  from  the  hands  of  Longucville,  a 
desperate  villain. — W.  Dimond,  The 
Foundling  of  the  Forest. 

Geraldine  {The  Fair),  the  lady  whose 
praises  are  sung  by  Henry  Howard  earl 
of  Surrey.  Supposed  to  be  Elizabeth 
Fitzgerald,  daughter  of  Gerald  Fitzgerald 
ninth  earl  of  Kildare.  She  married  the 
carl  of  Lincoln. 

Gerard  (John),  an  English  botanist 
(1545-1607),  who  compiled  the  Catalogus 
Arborum,  Fruticum,  et  Plantorum,  tarn 
Jndigenarurn  quam  Exoticarum,  in  llorto 
Johanis  Gerardi.  Also  author  of  the 
Herbal  or  General  History  of  Plants 
(1507). 

Of  these  most  helpful  herbs  yet  tell  we  but  a  few, 

To  thou:  unnumbered  sorts  of  simples  here  that  grew  .  .  . 

Not  skilful  (jerard  >'et  sh:ill  ever  find  them  all. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  liii  (1613). 

Gerard,  attendant  of  sir  Patrick  Char- 
teri3  (provost  of  Perth). — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Gerhard  the  Good,  a  merchant  of 
Cologne,  who  exchanges  his  rich  freight 
for  a  cargo  of  Christian  slavcM,  that  he 
may  give  them  their  liberty.  He  retains 
only  one,  who  is  the  wife  of  William 
king  of  England.  She  is  about  to  marry 
the  merchant's  son,  when  the  king  sud- 
denly appears,  disguised  as  a  pilgrim. 
Gerhard  restores  the  wife,  ships  both  off 
to  England,  refuses  all  recompense,  and 
remains  a  merchant  as  before. — Rudolf 
of  Ems  (a  minnesinger),  Gerhard  the  Good 
(thirteenth  century). 

Ger'ioil.  So  William  Browne,  in  his 
Britannia's  Pastorals  (iifth  song),  calls 
Philip  of  Spain.  The  allusion  is  to 
Geryon  of  Gades  (Cadiz),  a  monster  with 
three  bodies  (or,  in  other  words,  a  king 
over  three  kingdoms)  slain  by  Hercules. 

*„*  The  three  kingdoms  over  which 
Philip  reigned  were  Spain,  Germany,  and 
the  Netherlands. 

Gerhnda  or  Girlint,  the  mother 
of  Ilartmuth  king  of  Norway.  When 
Hartmuth  carried  off  Gudrun  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hettel  (Attila),  who  refused  to 
marry  him,  Gerlinda  put  her  to  the  most 
menial  work,  such  as  washing  the  dirty 
linen.  But  her  lover,  Herwig  king  of 
Heligoland,  invaded  Norway,  and  having 
gained  a  complete  victory,  put  Gerlinda 
to  death. — An  Anglo-Saxon  Poem  (thir- 
teenth century) 


German  Literature  (Father  of), 
Gotthold  Ephraim  Lessing  (1729-1781). 

Germany,  formerly  called  Tongres 
The  name  was  changed  (according  to 
fable)  in  compliment  to  Ger'mana,  sister 
of  Julius  Ca;sar,  and  wife  of  Salvias 
Brabon  duke  of  Brabant. — Jehan  de 
Maire,  Illustrations  de  Gaule,  iii.  20-23. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  says  that 
Ebraucus,  one  of  the  descendants  of  Brute 
king  of  Britain,  had  twenty  sons,  all  of 
whom,  except  the  eldest,  settled  in 
Tongres,  which  was  then  called  Germany, 
because  it  was  the  land  of  the  germans  or 
brothers. 

These  germans  did  subdue  all  Germany, 
Of  whom  it  hight 

Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  U.  10  (1590V 

Geron'imo,  the  friend  of  Sganarellc 
(3  syl.).  Sganarelle  asks  him  if  he  would 
advise  his  marrying.  M  How  old  are 
you  ?  "  asks  Geronimo  ;  and  being  told 
that  he  is  63,  and  the  girl  under  20,  says, 
"  No."  Sganarelle,  greatly  displeased  at 
his  advice,  declares  he  is  hale  and  strong, 
that  he  loves  the  girl,  and  has  promised 
to  marry  her.  "Then  do  as  you  like,"  says 
Geronimo. — Moliere,  Lie  Mariage  Ford 
(1664). 

%*  This  joke  is  borrowed  from  Rabe- 
lais. Panurge  asks  Pantag'ruel'  whether 
he  advises  him  to  marry.  "Yes,"  sayn 
the  prince ;  whereupon  Panurge  states 
several  objections.  "  Then  don't,"  says 
the  prince.  "  But  I  wish  to  marry," 
says  Panurge.  "  Then  do  it  by  all 
means,"  says  the  prince.  Every  time  the 
prince  advises  him  to  marry,  Panurge 
objects ;  and  every  time  the  prince 
advises  the  contrary,  the  advice  is 
equally  unacceptable. — Pantagruel,  iii. 
9  (1545). 

Geronte'  (2  syl.),  father  of  Leandie 
and  Hyacinthe ;  a  miserly  old  hunks. 
He  has  to  pay  Scapin  £1500  for  the 
"ransom"  of  Le'andre,  and  after  having 
exhausted  every  evasion,  draws  out  his 
purse  to  pay  the  money,  saying,  "The 
Turk  is  a  villain  !  "  "  Yes,"  says  Scapin. 
"  A  rascal !  "  "  Yes,"  says  Scapin.  "  A 
thief  !  "  "  Yes,"  says  Scapin.  "  He 
would  wring  from  me  £1500  !  would  he?" 
"  Yes,"  says  Scapin.  "  Oh,  if  I  catch 
him,  won't  I  pay  him  out?"  "Yes,* 
says  Scapin.  Then,  putting  his  purse 
back  into  his  pocket,  he  walks  off,  saying, 
"  Pay  the  ransom,  and  bring  hack  the 
boy."  "But  the  money ;  where's  the 
money?  "  says  Scapin.  "  Oh,  didn't  I  give 
it    you  ? "     "  No,"    says    Scapin.      •'  I 


G&RONTE. 

forffot,"  says  Ge>onte,  and  he  pays  the 
money  (act  ii.  LI).— Molifere,  Let  Fuur- 
beriea  de  Bottpim  (lt>71). 

In    the    English    version,    called     The 

0    I  iv,     lii'Miiti' 

is   called    "<iri|«,"    Hyaeinthe   is   called 

*'  Clara,"    Leendre    is    Anglifiiftd    into 

"  Leander,"  and  the  sum  of  money  bur- 
rowed is  £200. 

nte  (2  sy!.),  the  father  of  Lucinde 
(2  syl.).  lie  wanted  his  daughter  to 
marry  Horace,  bol  as  die  loved  Leandre, 
in  irder  to  avoid  a  marriage  Bhe  d< 

■he  pretended  to  have  lost  the  power  of 
articulate  speech,  and  only  answered, 
"  Han,  hi,  boo  !  "  "  Han,  hi,  bon,  ban  !  " 
Bganarelle,  ''  le  mi  decin  malgre*  lui," 
Beeini;  that  tliis  jargon  was  pat  on,  and 
ascertaining  that  Leandre  was  her  lover, 
introduced  him  as  an  apothecary,  and  the 
yonng  man  .soon  effected  ■  perfect  cure 
with  "pills  matrimoniac." — ololiere,  Le 
i  Malgre*  Lui  (16 

Ger'rard,  kin^  of  tin-  beggars,  dis- 
guised under  the  name  of  clause.     He  is 

the  father  of  l'iore/.  the  rich  merchant  of 
Bruges.  -Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
beggars*  Bush  (1622). 

Ger'trude  ('-  •s.'/'-)>  Hamlet's  mother. 

On   the   death    of   her   husband,    who   was 

king  of  Denmark,  she  married  Claudius, 
the  late   king's    brother.    Gertrude   was 

murder    of    her   tirst 
husband,   and    Claudius    was    principal. 

Claudius  prepared  poisoned  wine,  which 
he  intended    lor   Hamlet  ;    but   the  queen, 

not  knowing  it   was  poisoned,  drank  it 

and     died.      Hamlet,    Seeing    his    mother 

fall   dead,  rushed   on   the  kin;,'  and   killed 

him. — Shakespeare,  Hamlet  i 

"V  In  the  Historie  of  Hamblett,  Ger- 
trude is  called  '•  Cerutli." 

Qettrude,  daughter  of  Albert  patriarch 
of     Wy'oming.      One    day,   an    Indian 

i    t0    Albert    a    lad   I  nine    \  ears  old) 

named  Henry   Waldegi  .)■  and 

told  the  patriarch  be  had  promised  the 

boy's  mother,  at  her  death,  to  place  le  r 
Kon  under  his  C  ire.      The  lad   remained  at 

Wyoming  tor  thn  I  was  then 

\N  hen  gron  n  to  man- 
hood, Henry  Waldegrave  returned  to 
Wyoming,   and    married  Gertrudi 

months  afterwards,  lirandL  at  the 
bead  of  a  mixed  army  of  British  and 
Indians,  attacked  thi  settlement,  and  both 
Albeit  and  Gertrude  were  shot.  Henry 
joined  the  army  of 
Washington,    which    was    Bgh 


American  independence. — Campbell,  Osr. 

- 
*.*  Campbell  ace*  nts  Wyon  lug  on  the 

first  syllable,  but  ;  i-nal  to  throw 

the  accent  on  the  second. 

Gerun'dio  (•'  riar  Ceroid, 

the  hi  i  of  a  Span 

by  the  Jesuit  Dfl  I'lsla.      It  is  a  8  ll 

the    absurdities    and    I  f     the 

popular  preachers  of  the  time  (17 

Ge'ryon's  Sons,  the-  Spaniards  ;  so 
called  from  Geryon,  an  sncienl    h 

Spam,    who- 

Her'eub's.     This    bask    was    one    ■ 

hero's    "twelve    labours,       M       a    oaea 

the  expression  in  Paradise  Latt,  xi.  4 1 J 

(1666), 

Geryon'eo,    a   human    monster  with 
three  bodies.     lb-   w  u    of   the  1 1 

being   the    son    of    Geryon,    the 
tyrant  who  gave  all  str.  iod  to 

his  kine,  the  fairest  and  the  fiercest  kina 
alive.''     ■  ike  the 

young  widow  Belgfi  (2  .<•,.'.  >  under  his 
protection;  bat  it  was  like  um  wolf  pro- 
tecting the  lamb,  for  "he  gave  her 
children  to  B  dreadful  monster  to  devour.'' 
In  her  despair,  she  applied  to  kino;  Arthur 
for  help,  and  the   I Irit i>h  kin.-,  i  n 

the      house      of      dole."  —  Spenser, 

Queen,  v.  10,  11  (I 
*#*  "  <  ieryoneo  "  is  the  house  i  I 

tria,   and    Philip   of   Spain   in   particular. 

"  Kin:,'  Arthur"  u 

of  Leicester  in  particular.    The  "Widow 

Belgfi"  is  the  Netherlands:  and  the  mon- 
ster that  devoured  her  children  the  in- 
quisition, introduced  by  the  duke  .-• 

"deryoneo"  had  three  bodies,  for  Philip 
ruled   over   three    kinu.',;  .  (,tr- 

many,   and    the   Netherlands.      I 

of    I.<  '  the    aid    Of 

the  Netherlands,  broke  off  the  voke  of 
Philip. 

Gos'mas,  the  impenitent  thief  cruci- 
fied with  our  Lord.    In  the  apocryphal 

'■ 

The  penit"nt  thiel  /smu, 

I'em.is,  ,.r  I  rama 


Gc.^                                  .    the  brutal     ar.d 

tyranni  sal  g  ivern  >i  ••('  S 

:  by  Austi  M  for««t 

w  ben  the  ;  in  r»- 


GETA. 


376     GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC. 


bellion,  Gesslei  insulted  them  by  hoisting 
his  cap  on  a  pole,  and  threatening  death 
to  any  one  who  refused  to  bow  down  to  it 
in  reverence  William  Tell  refused  to  do 
so,  and  was  compelled  to  shoot  at  an 
apple  placed  on  the  head  of  his  own  son. 
Having  dropped  an  arrow  by  accident, 
Gessler  demanded  why  he  hu  1  brought  a 
second.  "To  shoot  you,"  said  the  in- 
trepid mountaineer,  "  if  I  fail  in  my 
task."  Gessler  then  ordered  him  to  be 
cast  into  Kusnacht  Castle,  "a  prey  to  the 
re  utiles  that  lodged  there."  Gessler  went 
in  the  boat  to  see  the  order  executed,  and 
as  the  boat  neared  land,  Tell  leapt  on 
shore,  pushed  back  the  boat,  shot  Gessler, 
and  freed  his  country  from  Austrian 
domination.  —  Rossini,  Gujlielmo  Tell 
(1829). 

Geta,  according  to  sir  Walter  Scott, 
the  representative  of  a  stock  slave  and 
rogue  in  the  new  comedy  of  Greece  and 
Rome  (?  Getes). 

The  principal  character,  upon  whose  devices  and  In- 
genuity the  whole  plot  am  aRj  turu».  is  thu  (..fa  of  the 
piece — a  witty,  roguish.  Insinuating,  and  malign 
the  <o!iftdant  of  a  wild  and  extravagant  son,  whom  h« 
•Jdj  iti  hi:*  pious  endeavours  to  cheat  a  nupiciot*.  severe, 
and  griping  father. — Sir  Waller  Bcott,  The  Drum*. 

Ghengis  Khan,  a  title  assumed  by 
Tamenane  or  Timour  the  Tartar  (1336- 
1406). 

Gb  ilan,  a  district  of  Persia,  notoriously 
unhealthy,  and  rife  with  fever,  ague, 
cholera,  and  plague.  Hence  the  Persian 
proverb : 

"  Let  him  who  Is  tired  of  life  retire  to  Ghllan." 

Giaffir  [Tijnf.fir],  pacha  of  Aby'dos, 
and  father  of  Zulcika  [Zu.lee'.kak}.  He 
tolls  his  daughter  he  intends  her  to  marry 
thi!  governor  of  Magne'sia,  but  Zuleika 
has  given  her  plight  to  her  cousin  Selim. 
The  lovers  take  to  flight;  Giaffir  pursues 
and  shoots  Selim  ;  Zuleika  dies  of  grief; 
and  the  father  lives  on,  a  broken-hearted 
old  man,  calling  to  the  winds,  "  Where 
is  my  daughter?"  and  echo  answers, 
"Where?" — Byron,  Bride  of  Abydos 
(1813). 

Giam'schid  [J<tia.shid~\,  suleyman 
of  the  Peris.  Having  reigned  seven  hun- 
dred years,  he  thought  himself  immortal  ; 
but  God,  in  punishment,  gave  him  a 
human  form,  and  sent  him  to  live  on 
earth,  where  he  became  a  great  conqueror, 
and  ruled  over  both  the  East  and  West. 
The  bulwark  of  the  Peris'  abode  w:is  com- 
posed of  green   chrysolite,  the   reflection 


of  which  gives  to  the  sky  its  deeo  bints* 
green  hue. 

Soul  beamed  forth  in  every  spark 
That  'Lined  from  beneath  the  lid, 
Lnght  tj  tLe  jewel  of  Uiamscbid. 

Byron,  IS.  uiaour  (1813V 
She  only  wished  the  amorous  monarci  had  shown  mora 
ardour  for  the  carbuncle  of  Guuiuchiti— W.  Beckford. 
Vathek  (1788). 

Giants  of  Mythology  and 
Table.  Strabo  makes  mention  of  the 
skeleton  of  a  giant  60  cubits  in  height. 
Pliny  tells  us  of  another  46  cubits.  Boc- 
caccio describes  the  body  of  a  giant  from 
bones  discovered  in  a  cave  near  Trapani, 
in  Sicily,  200  cubits  in  length.  One 
tooth  of  this  "giant"  weighed  200 
ounces  ;  but  Kireher  says  the  tooth  and 
bones  were  those  of  a  mastodon. 

Ac'amas,  one  of  the  Cyclops. — Greek 
Fable. 

Adamastor,  the  giant  Spirit  of  the 
Cape.  His  lips  were  black,  teeth  blue, 
eyes  shot  with  livid  fire,  and  voice  louder 
than  thunder. — Camoc'ns,  Lusiad,  v. 

.1  '..kon,  the  hundred-handed  giant. 
One  of  the  Titans. — Greek  J- able. 

Ao'rios,  one  of  the  giants  called 
Titans.  He  was  killed  by  Lite  Pares. — 
Greek  Fable. 

Al .< 'Yoxkcs  [Al'.sl.d.nuce']  or  Al'ciok, 
brother  of  Porphyrin.  He  stole  some  of 
the  Sun's  oxen,  and  Jupiter  sent  Her- 
cules against  him,  but  he  was  unable  to 
prevail,  for  immediately  the  giant  touched 
the  earth  he  received  fresh  vigour. 
Pallas,  seizing  him,  carried  him  beyond 
the  moon,  and  he  died.  His  seven 
daughters  were  turned  into  halcyons  oi 
kingfishers. — Apollonios  of  Uhodes,  Ar- 
gonautic  Expedition^  i.  & 

Al'oerar'.  The  giant  Orion  is  m 
called  by  the  Arabs. 

Ai.ifanfarox  or  Amtii  irnox,  em- 
peror  of  Trapoban. — Don  Qh'jcote. 

Ai.or'os  (4  «;//.),  son  oi  Titan  and 
Terra. — Greek  Fable. 

Aloi'des  (4  syf.),  sons  of  Alffus  (4 
syl.),  named  Otos  and  Ephialtes  (q.v.). 

Am'erant,  a  cruel  giant,  slain  by  Guy 
of  Warwick. — Percy,  lleli<fues. 

Angoui.akfhk,  the  Saracen  giant. 
He  was  12  cubits  high,  his  face  measured 
3  feet  in  breadth,  his  nose  was  9  inches 
long,  his  arms  and  legs  6  feet.  He  had 
the  strength  of  thirty  men,  and  his  mac« 
was  the  solid  trunk  of  an  oak  tree,  300 
years  old.  The  tower  of  Pisa  lost  its 
perpendicularity  by  the  weight  of  this 
giant  leaning  against  it  to  rest  himself. 
He  was  slain  in  single  combat  by  Poland, 
at  Fronsac. — L'Epine,  Crwpjen\ik*me. 


GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC.     377     GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC, 


Ant.bos,  60  cubits  (85  fe«t)  in  height. 
—Plutarch. 

Akoks  (2  syl.),  one  of  the  Cyclops.— 
Greek  Fable. 

Ascapart,  a  pant  30  feet  highland 
with  12  inches  between  his  eyes.  Slain 
by  sir  Bevis  of  Southampton.— British 
Fable.  ,      _. 

Atlas,  the  giant  of  the  Atlas  Moun- 
tains, who  carries  the  world  on  his  back. 
A  book  of  maps  is  called  an  "atlas" 
from  this  giant.— Greek  Fable. 

Bai.an,  "bravest  and  strongest  of  the 
giant  race." — Amiidis  of  Gaul. 

Belle,  famous  for  his  three  leaps, 
which  gave  names  to  the  places  called 
Wanlip,  Burstall,  and  Bellegrave.— 
British  Fable. 

Bei.i.b'rus,  the  giant  from  whom 
Cornwall  derived  its  name  "  Bellenum." 
— British  Fable. 

Bi.underbore  (3  st//.),  the  giant  who 
was  drowned  because  .lack  scuttled  his 
boat.— Jack  the  Giant-killer. 

Biuark'os  (4  syl.),  a  giant  with  a 
hundred  hands.  One  of  the  Titans.— 
Greek  Fable. 

Brordinonao,  a  country  of  giants,  to 
whom  an  ordinary-sized  man  was  "  not 
half  so  big  as  the  round  little  worm 
pricked  from  the  lazy  fingers  of  a  maid." 
— Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels. 

Brontes  (2  syl.),  one  of  the  Cyclops. 
— Greek  Fable. 

Burlong,  a  giant  mentioned  in  the 
romance  of  Sir  Tryamuur. 

Cacus,  of  mount  Aventine,  who  dragged 
the  oxen  of  Hercules  into  his  cave  tail 
foremost. — Greek  Fable. 

Cai.io'orant,  the  Egyptian  giant,  who 
entrapped  travellers  with  an  invisible  net. 
— Ariosto. 

CARArri.iAMUo,  the  giant  that  don 
Quixote  intended  should  kneel  at  the  foot 
of  Dnlcin'ea. — Cervantes,  Don  Qntnoati 

Cirs  ..r  Cacus,  son  of  Heaven  and 
Earth.  He  married  Phttbft,  and  was  the 
father  of  1  ntona.  —  Gn \ek  Fable. 

CUALBROTH,  tlic  stem  of  all  the  giant 
mea.— Babelaia,  Femtagruei. 

CHniSTOPHKKOS  or  St.  ChWBTOFHBB, 

tnc    giant    who    carried    Christ    OCTOSS    S 

ford,  and  was  well-nigh  borne  down  with 

the  "child's"   ever-increasing  weight.— 
Christian  Legend. 
Ci  ytios,  one  of  the  giants  who  made 

war  upon    the   gods.      Vulcan   killed   him 
with  a  red-hot  iron  maoe.— Greek  Fable. 
OOLMUVD,  the    Danish    e;ianl   slain    by 

Guv  of  Warwick.—  Britith  ■' 
CouKi.AMBo,  a  giant  who  was  always 


attended  by  a  dwarf.— Spenser,  Fae^ 
IT.  B. 
Coi-.moran',  the  Cornish  giant  who  fell 
into  a  pit  twenty  feet  deep,  dug  by  Jack 
and  filmed  over  with  a  thin  layer  of  grass 
and  gravel. — Jack  the  Giant-killer. 

CORMQKAST,  a  ginnt  discomfited  by 
sir  Brian.— Spenser,  Fabry  Qttecn,  vi.  1. 

Coui.in,  the  British  riant  pursued  by 
Debon,  and  killed  by  falling  into  a  deep 
chasm. — British  Fable. 

Cyci.oi-s,  giants  with  only  one  eye, 
and  that  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead. 
They  lived  in  Sicily,  and  were  black- 
smiths.— Greek  Fable. 

Dksi'AIR,  of  Doubting  Castle,  who 
found  Christian  and  Hopeful  asleep  on 
his  grounds,  and  thrust  them  into  a 
dungeon.  He  evilly  entreated  them,  but 
they  made  their  escape  by  the  key  "Pro- 
mise."— Banyan,  Puyrim't  Prcgreet,  i. 

Dondasch,  a  giant  contemporary  with 
Seth.  "  There  were  giants  in  the  earth 
in  those  days." — Oriental  Fable. 

Kncei.'aihjs,    "  niost   powerful   of  ths 

fiant  race."     Overwhelmed  under  mount 
^tna. — Greek  Fable. 

Eimiiai.ti-.s  (4  syl.),  a  giant  who  grew 
nine  inches  every  month. — Greek  l 

EniX,  son  of  Goliah  [sic]  and  grandson 
of  Atlas.  He  invented  legerdemain. — 
Duehat,  (Euvres  tie  Rabeimt  (1711). 

Eu'bYTOB,  one  of  the  giants  that  made 
war  with  the  gods.  Baochui  killed  him 
with  his  thvrsus.— 6'rccA  Fable. 

Ferracltk,  a  giant  30  feet  in  height, 
with  the  strength  of  forty  men.— JWnnVs 
Chranicle. 

Ferracvs,  a  Portuguese  giant.— I  a 
lentine  and  Orson. 

Fierabras,  of  Alexandria,  "the 
greatest  giant  that  ever  walked  the 
earth." — Mcdicnal  tU  MMMSSa 

Fiun,  son  of  Comnal,  an  enormous 
giant,  who  could  place  his  feet  on  fcwa 
mountains,  and  then  stoop  end  dnrk 
from  a  stream  in  the  valley   between.— 

Gaelic  Legend, 

PlOBOWTir,  the  gigantic  fatbef  of 
Frigga.— Seandnvnmin  .'■ 

I  iim-v-ms,     father    of    l.rr'     as,    and 

son  of  IforgantA. 

Prlmm  rrnl  •iiitiUin  Kramwrn  |>r..>  *!R»rili». 

i  nju.  Hire. . .1.111  Uarguto  > 

.  list. 
Cum.  .  uixv 

Merlin  Uoiui    .  -  HiMaOn 

J/j«r..iiiV"<  (160S). 

Carrara,    father  of   Goliah    [»*]    of 
lille,    and    inventor    of 
,.f  drinking  healths.—  lhicbat,  (Smarm  m\ 
tii  (1711). 


GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC.     378    GIANTS  OF  MYTHOLOGY,  ETC. 


Gi'-APAs,  the  giant  slain  by  king 
Arthur. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur. 

Galligantus,  the  giant  who  lived 
with  Hocus-Pocub  the  conjuror. — Jack 
the  Giant-killer. 

Garagantua,  same  as  Gargantua 
(q.v.). 

Gargantua,  a  giant  so  large  that  it 
required  900  ells  of  linen  for  the  body  of 
his  shirt,  and  200  more  for  the  gussets ; 
406  ells  of  velvet  for  his  shoes,  and  1100 
cow-hides  for  their  soles.  His  toothpick 
was  an  elephant's  tusk,  and  17,913  cows 
were  required  to  give  him  milk.  This 
was  the  giant  who  swallowed  five  pil- 
grims, with  their  stavus,  in  a  salad. — 
Rabelais,  Gargantua. 

Gemmagog,  son  of  the  giant  OromC- 
don,  and  inventor  of  Poulan  shoes,  i.e. 
shoes  with  a  spur  behind,  and  turned-up 
toes  fastened  to  the  knees.  These  shoes 
were  forbidden  by  Charles  V.  of  France, 
in  1365,  but  the  fashion  revived  again. — 
Duchat,  (Euvres  de  Rabelais  (1711). 

Geryon'eo,  a  giant  with  three  bodies 
[ Philip  II.  of  Spain], — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  v.  11. 

Giralda,  the  giantess.  A  statue  of 
victory  on  the  top  of  an  old  Moorish  tower 
in  Seville. 

Goomkr,  son  of  Albion,  a  British 
giant  slain  by  Canu'tus  one  of  the  com- 
panions of  Brute. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
u.  10. 

Goem'agot,  the  Cornish  giant  who 
wrestled  with  Cori'neus  (3  syl/),  and  was 
hurled  over  a  rock  into  the  sea.  The 
place  where  he  fell  was  called  "  Lam 
Gogmagot."  —  Geoffrey,  British  His- 
tory. 

Gogmagog,  king  of  the  giant  race  of 
Albion  when  Brute  colonized  the  island. 
He  was  slain  by  Cori'neus.  The  two 
statues  of  Guildhall  represent  Gogmagog 
and  Corineus.  The  giant  carries  a  pole- 
axe  and  spiked  balls.  This  is  the  same 
as  Gogmagot. 

Gkangousia,  the  giant  king  of  Utopia. 
— Rabelais,  Pantagruel. 

Grantorto,  the  giant  who  withheld 
the  inheritance  of  Ire'na. — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  v. 

Grim,  the  giant  slain  by  Greatheart, 
because  he  tried  to  stop  pilgrims  on  their 
way  to  the  Celestial  City. — Bunyan,  Pil- 
grim's Progress,  ii. 

Grum'ro,  the  giant  up  whose  sleeve 
Tom  Thumb  crept.  The  giant,  thinking 
some  insect  had  crawled  up  his  sleeve, 
gave  it  a  shake,  and  Tom  fell  into  the 


sea,  when  a  fish  swallowed  him. — Tot* 
Thumb. 

Gyges,  who  had  fifty  heads  and  a 
hundred  hands.  He  was  one  of  the 
Titans.— Greek  Fable. 

Hai'mouche,  the  giant  "fly-catcher." 
He  invented  the  drying  and  smoking  of 
neats'  tongues. — Duchat,  (Euvres  de 
Rabelais  (1711). 

Hipfol'ytos,  one  of  the  giants  who 
made  war  with  the  gods.  He  was  killed 
by  Hermes. — Greek  Fable. 

Hrasvelg,  the  giant  who  keeps  watch 
over  the  Tree  of  Life,  and  devours  the 
dead. — Scandinavian  Mythology. 

Hurtali,  a  giant  in  the  time  of  the 
Flood.  He  was  too  large  of  stature  to 
get  into  the  ark,  and  therefore  rode 
straddle-legs  on  the  roof.  He  perpetu- 
ated the  giant  race.  Atlas  was  his 
grandson. 

Indracittran,  a  famous  giant  of 
Indian  mythology. 

Jotun,  the  giant  of  JStunheim  or  Giant- 
land,  in  Scandinavian  story. 

Juliance,  a  giant  of  Arthurian 
romance. 

Kifei,  the  giant  of  atheism  and  in- 
fidelity. 

K.OTTOS,  a  giant  with  a  hundred  hands. 
One  of  the  Titans.— Greek  Fable. 

Malambru'no,  the  giant  who  shut  up 
Antonoma'sia  and  her  husband  in  the 
tomb  of  the  deceased  queen  of  Candaya. 
— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  iii.  45. 

Margutte  (3  syl.),  a  giant  10  feet  high, 
who  died  of  laughter  when  he  saw  a 
monkey  pulling  on  his  boots. — Pulci, 
Morgante  Maggiore. 

Maugys,  the  giant  warder  with  whom 
sir  Lybius  does  battle. — Libeaux. 

Maul,  the  giant  of  sophistry,  killed  by 
Greatheart,  who  pierced  him  under  the 
fifth  rib. — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  ii. 

Mont-Rognon,  one  of  Charlemagne's 
paladins. 

Morgante  (3  syl.),  a  ferocious  giant, 
who  died  by  the  bite  of  a  crab. — Pulci, 
Morgante  Maggiore. 

Mugillo,  a  giant  famous  for  his  mace 
with  six  balls. 

Opferus,  the  pagan  name  of  St. 
Christopher,  whose  body  was  12  ells  in 
height. — Christian  Legend. 

Ogias,  an  antediluvian  giant,  men- 
tioned in  the  apocrypha  condemned  by 
pope  Gelasius  I.  (492^196). 

Orgoglio,  a  giant  thrice  the  height  of 
an  ordinary  man.  He  takes  captive  the 
Red  Cross  Knight,  but  is  slain  by  king 
Arthur. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i. 


GIANTS  OF  ICYTHOLOCY, 


OBl'OVi  a  giant  hunter,  noted  for  his 
beauty.  ile  was  slam  by  Diana,  and 
made  a  constellation. —  1 1 

<>i.,s,  a  giant,  brother  of  Bphtaltflc 
They  l><>th  mw  nine  jnrhw  mrj  month. 
According  bo  Pliny,  he  was  40  cubits  (06 
feet)  in  height. — Greek  Fable. 

I'ai.i.a*,  OM  of  the  giants  called  Titans. 
Minerva  flayed  him,  ami  used  his  skin  for 
anm>ur ;  hence  she  wai  called  1'allos 
Minerva. — Greek  Falde. 

I'antai/klki.,  son  of  Gargantua,  and 
but  of  the  ru.  e  of  giants. 

I'oi.yho'tkx  (4  si/I.),  one  of  the  giants 
who  fought  against  the  gods.  The  sea- 
god  pursued  lii in  to  the  island  of  Cos, 
and,  tearing  away  a  part  of  the  island, 
threw  it  on  him  and  buried  him  beneath 
the  mass. — Greek  F<iUe. 

Poi.YniK.'Mos,    king   of   the    Cyclops. 

His   skeleton  was  found   at  Trapu'm,    in 

Sieily,    in    the    fourteenth    century,    by 

which  it  is  calculated  that  his  height  was 

I  L—  Greek  Fable. 

I'oiUMiYit'ioN,  one  of  the  giants  who 
made  war  with  the  gods.  He  hurled  the 
island  of  Deloi  against  Zeus;  but  Zeus, 
with  the  aid  of  Hercules,  overcame  lma. 

—  Greek  Fable. 

Pyuac'mon,  one  of  the  Cyclops. — 
Greek  Fable. 

Kiino,  tlie  giant  who  commanded 
king  Arthur  to  send  nil  beard  to  OOmptdC 
the  lining  of  a  robe. — Arthurum  1. 

BUA1  »i>,   a  giant    slain    by    (Jreat- 

-Bunyan,  Pilgrim' $  Progress,  ii. 
t'OPBC  (3  syl.),  one  of  t 

—  Grer-k  Fable. 

Taktako,  tlie  Cyclops  of  Basque 
legendary  lore. 

ii  a  king,  whose  remains 

i  •  r<-. I    ill    16 18,  Dcnr   the   n\  if 

Rhone     His   tomb   m  ■'>><  fed  long. — 

Ma/uricr,     Uittoirt     Veritable    c/u 

M  (1618). 

TbaOV,    one   of   the  giants   who  made 

■arwith  the  gods,    lie  m  killed  by  the 

1  l  nv-,  ■  r:i   I  "f  giants. —  Grceh 
'lir'n.-,,   a  giant  whoM  body   C 
nine  a  m  1.     He  tr 

IjiUma,    but    Apollo   cast   him    in: 

I    a  vulture    fed   on   hit   h\rr, 
which   grew  again  as  fast   as  it  was  de- 
!.  —  Gretk  Fable. 

a    giant   with    a    hundred 
fearful   eyes,    and    most    terrible 

I  Mo  wan  the  father  of  the  11 

Funiter]  killed  him  witli  a  tl. 
Ix.lt,  and    be     lice    buried     under     mount 
Kfna.--llesi.-i,    I 


a  RIAL  LIFE. 

I    n  of  Typhosus,  a  giant  with 

a  hundred  hnadc      II •  was  so  tall  that  he 

..en  with   his  head.      His  off- 

ri>eros, 

and  the  bydi  Be  lie*  buried 

under  mount  Etna. —  II  .nt. 

Wiukm-i  mi  e,  «  huge  giant,  who  liTed 
on    windmills,    and    died    from    t.v 
lump  of  fresh  butter. — Rabelais,  J  . 
ruel,  ir.  17. 

YoiiAK,  the  riant  guardian  of  the  cares 
of  Habylon. — Southcy,    li.  *.'•!,  r. 

•,•    Ihoce    who    with    to    jiursue   Uiis 
subject  further,  should  consult  the 
of  huchat,    bk.  ii.    1    of   his   (Shwrw  d* 
CM. 

Giants  in  Real  Life. 

A.nak,    father    of    the    Anakim.       Tlie 
Hebruw  spies  said   they   them.-iir.  - 

-  in  comparison  to  the»e 
giants.— JocA.     xr.     14;    JulIjcs    :. 
Ju'wuh.  xiii. 

A  s  v  | .  J  : .  .  :  B  inches  at  the  age 
Exhibited  in   London,  .  m  at 

Ramom-hamp,    in    Die  .    tyl.), 

1840.      His  real  name  w  ''.rice. 

Ani>k..s'i<  tri   II.,  i"  feet    Gi  • 
of    Alexius   (on  •  .-tas   asserts 

Uiat  he  had  seen  him. 

BaMFOKD  uches. 

Died  in  17'H,  and  was  buried  in  St.  I»on- 
■tan'i  Churchyard. 

Fed   II   in.-:  • 

Kentucky.     Exhibited  in  London,  1*71. 

Hi.aikkk  ( /A  ii-  -_-.  i,  7  fed  1 
mod    lymmetrii  al.      Horn  a: 

I,  in    17J1.     to  m-rally  called 
British  Giant." 

Hiunm,    7    fad    8    inches   at   deAth. 
Horn  at  Market  Weighton,  in  Tori  ■ 

iit  hand  is  precerred  in  the  musenm 

of  the  Colli 

Iliti.  I  His 

bend  could  span  lot  incl  ak.") 

I'.i  Ml  '   l'ar- 

field.      His  brother  was  aU>ut  the  same 

I     II    \N.-V,  BJ    ;     of 

Fvrhoii.      The  Chines*  giant.      Kxhlbtled 
in  l«nn.. 

i  ii  ^  early.      Be 

could  :  three  horse-»h<*.j 

. 

- 
llo-    Irish   peat.      A   cast   of  his  hand   u 

; 

s 

■ 
>  ii.ii  giant  nn-nt.  • 

I 


GIANTS  IN  REAL  LIFE. 


380 


GIANT'S  LEAP. 


Elkizeguk  (Joachim),  7  feet  10  inches. 
The  Spanish  giant.    Exhibited  in  London. 

Evans  ( William),  8  feet  at  death. 
Porter  to  Charles  I.  (died  1632). 

Frank  (Big),  7  feet  8  inches  ,•  weight, 
22  stone;  girth  round  the  chest,  58  inches. 
He  was  an  Irishman,  whose  name  was 
Francis  Sheridan  (died  1870). 

Frenz  (Louis) ,  7  feet  4  inches.  The 
French  giant. 

Garara,  9  feet  9  inches.  An  Arabian 
giant.  Pliny  says  he  was  the  tallest  man 
seen  in  the  days  of  Claudius. 

Gilly,  8  feet.  A  Swede  ;  exhibited  as 
a  show  in  the  early  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth century. 

Goli'ath,  6  cubits  and  a  span  (?  9  feet 
4  inches). — 1  Sam.  xvii.  4,  etc.  His 
"brother"  was  also  a  giant. — 2  Sam. 
xxi.  19;  1  Chron.  xx.  5. 

Gordon  (Alice),  7  feet.  An  Essex 
giantess  (died  1737). 

Hai.k  (Robert),  7  feet  6  inches;  born  at 
Somerton.  Generally  called  "The  Nor- 
folk Giant"  (1820-1862). 

Har'drada  (Harold),  "  5  ells  of  Nor- 
way in  height"  (nearly  8  feet).  The 
Norway  giant. 

La  Pierre,  7  feet  1  inch  ;  of  Strat- 
gard,  in  Denmark. 

Louis,  7  feet  4  inches.  The  French 
giant.  His  left  hand  is  preserved  in  the 
museum  of  the  College  of  Surgeons. 

Loushkin,  8  feet  5  inches.  The 
Russian  giant,  and  drum-major  of  the 
Imperial  Guards. 

M'Donald  (James),  7  feet  6  inches;  of 
Cork  (died  1700). 

M 'Donald  (Samuel),  6  feet  10  inches. 
A  Scotchman  ;  usually  called  "  Big  Sam" 
(died  1802). 

Maokath  (Comeliusy,  7  feet  8  inches. 
He  was  an  orphan,  reared  by  bishop 
Berkley,  and  died  at  the  age  of  20  (1740- 
1760). 

Maximi'nus,  8  feet  6  inches.  The 
Roman  emperor  (235-238). 

Mellon  (Edmund),  7  feot  6  inches. 
^Jorn  at  Port  Leicester,  Ireland  (1665-1684). 

Middleton  (John),  9  feet  3  inches. 
"His  hand  was  17  inches  long,  and  8$ 
inches  broad."  He  was  born  at  Hale,  in 
Lancashire,  in  the  reign  of  James  I. — 
Dr.  Plott,  History  of  Staffordshire. 

Miller  (Maximilian  Christopher),  8 
feet.  His  hand  measured  12  inches,  and 
his  fore-finger  was  9  inches  long.  The 
Saxon  giant.  Died  in  London  (1674-1734). 

Murphy,  8  feet  10  inches.  An  Irish 
giant,  contemporary  with  O'Brien.  Died 
at  Marseilles. 


O'Brien  or  Charles  Byrne,  8  feet  4 
inches.  The  Irish  giant.  His  skeleton 
is  preserved  in  the  museum  of  the  College 
of  Surgeons  (1761-1783). 

Oo,  king  of  Bashan.     "  His  bed  was 

9  cubits  bv  4  cubits "  (?  13J  feet  by  8 
feet).— Deut.  iii.  11. 

***  The  Great  Bed  of  Ware  is  12  feet 
by  12  feet. 

Osen  (Heinrich),  7  feet  6  inches ; 
weight,  300  lbs.  or  37$  stone.  Bom  «n 
Norway. 

PoRirs,  an  Indian  king  wh€  fought 
against  Alexander  near  the  river  Hv 
daspes  (b.c.  327).  He  was  a  giant  ''  5 
cubits  in  height"  [7\  feet],  withstiength 
in  proportion. — Quintus  Curtius,  De  rebus 
yestis  Alexandri  Magni. 

Riechart  (J.  //.),  8  feet  3  inches,  of 
Fricrlberg.  His  father  and  mother  were 
both  giants. 

Salmeron  (Martin),  7  feet  4  inches. 
A  Mexican. 

Sam  (Bit]),  6  feet  10  inches.  (See 
"M'Donald.") 

Sheridan  (Francis),  7  feet  8  inches. 
(See  "  Frank.") 

Swan  (Mix*  Anne  Ilanen),  7  feet  11 
inches  ;  of  Nova  Scotia. 

%*  In  1682,  a  giant  7  feet  7  inches 
was  exhibited  in  Dublin.  A  Swede  8 
feet  6  inches  was  in  the  body-guard  of  a 
king  of  Prussia.  A  human  skeleton 
8  feet  6  inches  is  preserved  in  the  museum 
of  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

Becanus  says  he  had  seen  a  man  nearly 

10  feet  high,  and  a  woman  fully  10  feet. 
Gasper  Bauhin  speaks  of  a  Swiss  8  feet 
in  height.  Del  Rio  says  he  saw  a  Pied- 
montese  in  1572  more  than  9  feet  in 
stature.  C.  S.  F.  Warren,  M.A.,  says 
(in  Notes  and  Queries,  August  14,  1875) 
that  his  father  knew  a  lady  9  feet  high  ; 
"her  head  touched  the  ceiling  of  a  good- 
sized  room."  Vanderbrook  says  he  saw 
a  black  man,  at  Congo,  9  feet  high. 

Giant  of  Literature,  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson  (1709-1783). 

Giant's  Cause-way,  a  basaltic  mole 
in  Ireland,  said  to  be  the  commencement 
of  a  causeway  from  Ireland  to  Scotland. 

Giant's  Grave  (The),  a  height  on 
the  Adriatic  shore  of  the  Bosphorus,  mucn 
frequented  by  holiday  parties. 

"Tls  a  grand  sight  from  off  "  The  Glant'i  Grar»  " 
To  watch  the  progress  of  those  rolling  nw 
Between  the  BuspUorus,  as  they  lAsh  and  lare 
Europe  and  Asia. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  T.  B  fl8*H 

Giant's  Leap  (Lam   Goemagot)  vt 


GIAOUR. 


••Go*nwi_'ot's  Leap."  Now  called  Hi  a, 
■ear    Plymouth.       'II.-  kl    tli.it 

Cori'neu.s   (.'f  >•///.)   wrestled   witli   G 

gut  k  inuc  at  the  Albion  giants,  heaved  the 
a  i  "ii  liis  shoulder,  »-.-irrii-<  1  him  t" 

the  top  of  a  high  rock,  and  oust  him  i r» t « > 
the  Bca. 

At  the  l»-elnnlng  of  the  encounter,  O'rinrtu  sn.l  the 
giant,  aaaadlafl  (ri.nl  I.,  front,  h<  l>l  each  otber  (trangijr  la 
.  oud  f..r  breath  ;  I 

-•r«..|.lnul  .iniiMH  Willi  nil  Iili  lultfht,  t . t  .  = 

of  Dk  rib*,  two  on  the  ruhi  .11.  .,...1  ..n  aa  oli  ■  !U 
Onttntui.  hftjhil  - 

■natflir-l  up  BM  Klsnt.  ran  with  him  on  M<  «)imiMer»  to 
Die  iiatfitiHiiilin  e-lifT.  and  haawsd  him  Into  the  tea  .  .  . 
1  r  to  Uils 

da/.— (Je-iirnr,  «r.n./k  fftatory,  I.  1C  (114-Ji. 

Qioour  [(//'ou'.tr] .  Byron's  tale 
called  The  Q  war  is  supposed  to  lie 
told  by  a  Turkish  fisherman  who  had 
been  employed  nil  the  day  in  the  gulf  i>f 
aBgi'na.  and  landed  his  boat  at  night-tall 
on  the  Pifte/us,  pow  called  the  harbour  "f 
Port  Leonfi.  He  was  eye-witness  of  all 
tlie  incidents,  and  in  one  "f  them  a 
principal  a^rent  (see  line  BBS  :  "  1  hear  the 
sound  of  coming  fed  .  .  .  ").  '1 
is  this:  Leilah.  the  beautiful  concubine 
of  tin-  caliph  Hassan,  falls  in  love  with  a 
giaour,  flees  from  the  seraglio,  is  over- 
taken  by  an  emir,  put  to  death,  an 
into  thi  giaour  cleaves  Hassan's 

skull,  flees  for  his  life,  and  IxvomcB  a 
monk,  six  years  after  wards  he  tells  his 
history  to  his  father  confessor  <>n  his 
death-hed,  and  prays  hmi  lo  "  lay  his 
body  with  the  humlile-t  dead,  .and  not 
even  to  in-crihe  his  name  OB  his  bomb." 
Accordingly,  he  is  called  "the  Giaour," 
and  is  known  by  no  other  name  (1813). 

Giauha're  (4  *»//.),  daughter  of  the 
kine;  of  SamanMul,  the  mightiest  of  the 

under-sea  empires.     When  her  father  WSS 

re  by  kin^r  Saleh,  she  emerged 

f..r    safety    to  a   de.-i-rt   island,  where    siie 

ii..:    I;.  I'ei   the  young  km„'  of   Persia, 

who  proposed  to  make  her  his  wife  |   hut 

Giauharo  "spat  on  him,"  and  changed 

him  "into  ii  white  bird  with  n-d  Leak 
and   n  I  lie  bird  "as  «o|,|   to  a 

•i  king,  and.  !  chanted,  re- 

sumed   tin'    human    form.      Alter 

marvellous  adventures,  in  met 

the  under  tea  princess,  pr  ;  •  m  i  to  her 
m;ain,  and  she  became  In-  wife  and  queen 

"  l'.eder   and 

I 

Gibbet,   a   foot- pad   and   a  convict, 
who   "left    hi*  country  for  his  country'* 

He  pi. pied  himself  "n  being  "  the. 

m  <"i  the  road." 
Tm  '  ■ 

Parquhar.  rw  Im~a 


GIGGLESWICK  fOUNTAEI, 

M   It   rather  odd  .  .  .  and  aitd    ta   a>7«atf    a* 
GllitM-t  nM  nUn   lie  heard   thai  -         tad  <-*>«  la 

church.  "  J  hat  look,  atupicioua." — Jaiuea  SwIUl 

.  tary  bo    Martin 
Joshua  parliament^' 

sioncr). — Sir  Vf.  g  .  t'jck  (time. 

Commonwealth). 

Gib'bie  lad  in 

the  service  of  lady  !'•■  Sir  W. 

Scott,  CM  MortmUty  (time,  Charles  n.  . 

I. Ike  <"..-  -morjr.  he  lint  krpt  the 

turkeys,  and  than,  aj  hU  *r*r*    . 

re    ImjHtrtanl   office   of    poinding    Lhe   curt  — 

i. 

Gibby,  a  Scotch  Highlander  in  al 
ance  on  colonel  Briton.      Ilemarr 
the    waiting-woman    of    IttbtHfh 
Centime,  The  Wonder  (1714). 

Gibou  (M<i'l-ime),  a  type  of  feminine 
vnlgarity.  A  hard  headed, 
coarsely  clever,  ami  pragmatical  twiiims 
femme.  who  believes  in  nothing  hut  a 
good  digestion  and  money  in  the  Funds. 
—  Henri  Monnier,  8omet 
■ 

Ude.  Pochet  and  Md  ire  the 

French  "  .Mr-,  damp  and  Mrs.  Harris." 

Gibraltar  of  America. 

Gibraltar  of  Grc>  • 

rock  Too  feet  above  the  sea. 

Gibraltar  of  the  Now  World, 
("ape  Diamond,  in  the  province  of  Quebec. 

Gibson  {Janet),  a  young  de|*-ndent 
on  Mrs.  Margaret  Berti 

— Sir  W.  Scott,  Gwj  Mcmnering  (time, 
George  II.). 

Gilford  (J<'hn).  This  pseudonym  Las 
been  adopted  by  three  John 

Richards    Green,  <unen~ 

tariet  (1821)  j 
I  .-   English  La 

rd     ( Willi'im),     author     of      The 

annihi- 
lated  the   Delia  I 

In  17'.";.  Gilford  publish* 

:'  dra- 
matic authorship. 

Hr  •».  >      |     •     '    •    t«n  f  had  txt  lltrrart  mni«tMea 
•    heart   rail  of   kin-ln 

he  nnsartleO  at  a 
.  <  reawxliaeu.  or  at  !****  Walton  diJ  ■ 
aaafaaay. 

Gi.  .  Fountain  ebbs  nnd 

i  day.     I    e  tale  is  that 

a   nymph    living 

with  •  on   mounl   Craven.    A 


GILBERT. 


382 


GILES. 


her  pursuer,  and  praying  to  the  "topic 
gods"  (the  local  genii),  was  converted 
into  a  fountain,  which  still  pants  with 
fear.  The  tale  is  told  by  Drayton,  in  his 
I'olyolbion,  xxviii.  (1622). 

Gilbert,  butler  to  sir  Patrick  Charteris 
provost  of  Perth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair 
Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Gilbert  (Sir),  noted  for  the  sanative 
virtue  of  his  sword  and  cere-cloth.  Sir 
Launcelot  touched  the  wounds  of  sir 
Meliot  with  sir  Gilbert's  sword  and  wiped 
them  with  the  cere-cloth,  and  "anon  a 
wholer  man  was  he  never  in  all  his  life." 
— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  I'rince 
Arthur,  i.  116  (1470). 

Gilbert  with  the  White  Hand, 
one  of  the  companions  of  Robin  Hood, 
mentioned  often  in  The  Lyttell  Geste  of 
liobyn  Hode  (fytte  v.  and  vii.). 

Thalr  saw  I  Maltlalnd  upon  auld  Belrd  Qrtf, 
Itobene  Iluclc,  mid  GUI*  <  I  "  with  the  quhitc band," 
Qubom  Hay  of  Nauchtou  dent  in  Madin-land. 

tt    in, i,  r<Knu,  L  1H. 

GilTjertscleugh,  cousin  to  lady 
Margaret  Bellenden. — Sir  \» .  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Gil  Bias,  son  of  Bias  of  Santilla'nS 
'squire  or  "cscudero"  to  a  lady,  and 
brought  up  by  his  uncle,  canon  Gil  Peres. 
Gil  Bias  went  to  Dr.  Godinez's  school,  of 
Oviedo  [Ov.e.a'.do],  and  obtained  the  re- 

Eutation  of  being  a  great  scholar.  He 
ad  fair  abilities,  a  kind  heart,  and  good 
inclinations,  but  was  easily  led  astray  by 
his  vanity.  Full  of  wit  and  humour,  but 
lax  in  his  morals.  Duped  by  others  at  first, 
he  afterwards  played  the  same  devices  on 
those  less  experienced.  As  he  grew  in 
years,  however,  his  conduct  improved, 
and  when  his  fortune  was  made  he  became 
an  honest,  6teady  man. — Lesage,  Gil  Lias 
(1715). 

(Lesage  has  borrowed  largely  from  th» 
romance  of  Espinel,  called  Vida  del  Escu- 
dero  Marcos  de  Obreyon  (1618),  from 
which  he  has  taken  his  prologue,  the 
adventure  of  the  parasite  (bk.  i.  2), 
the  dispersion  of  the  company  of  Caca- 
belos  by  the  muleteer  (bk.  i.  3),  the 
incident  of  the  robber's  cave  (bk.  i.  4,  5), 
the  surprise  by  the  corsairs,  the  contri- 
butions levied  by  don  Raphael  and 
Ambrose  (bk.  i.  15,  16),  the  service  with 
the  duke  of  Lcrma,  the  character  of  San- 
grado  (called  by  Espinel  $<i<i  redo),  and  even 
the  reply  of  don  Matthias  de  Silva  when 
asked  to  fight  a  duel  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, "  As  I  never  rise  before  one,  even  for 
a   party  of    pleasure,   it    is   unreasonable 


to  expect  that  I  should  rise  at  six  to  have 
my  throat  cut,"  bk.  iii.  8.) 

Gildas  de  Buys  (St.),  near  Yannes, 
in  France.  This  monastery  was  founded 
in  the  sixth  century  by  St.  Gildas  "  the 
Wise  "  (516-565). 

For  some  of  us  knew  a  thins  or  two 
Id  the  abbey  of  St  Gildas  de  Ruys. 

Longfellow,  The  OoUien  Legend. 

Gil'deroy,  a  famous  robber.  There 
were  two  of  the  name,  both  handsome 
Scotchmen,  both  robbers,  and  both  were 
hanged.  One  lived  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  "had  the  honour"  of 
robbing  cardinal  Richelieu  and  Olivet 
Cromwell.  The  other  was  born  in  Roslin, 
in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  was 
executed  in  Edinburgh  for  "stealing 
sheep,  horses,  and  oxen."  In  the  Percy 
Juli'/tu's,  I.  iii.  12,  is  the  lament  of 
Gilderoy's  widow  at  the  execution  of  her 
"handsome"  and  "winsome"  Gilderoy  ; 
and  Campbell  has  a  ballad  on  the  same 
subject.  Both  are  entitled  "  Gilderoy," 
and  refer  to  the  latter  robber ;  but  in 
Thomson's  Orpheus  CaUdonius,  ii.  is  a 
copy  of  the  older  ballad. 

%*  Thomson's  ballad  places  Gilderoy 
in  the  reign  of  Mary  "  queen  of  Scots," 
but  this  is  not  consistent  with  the 
tradition  of  his  robbing  Richelieu  and 
Cromwell.  We  want  a  third  Gilderoy 
for  the  reign  of  queen  Mary — one  living 
in  the  sixteenth  century. 

Gilding  a  Boy.  Leo  XII.  killed  the 
boy  Morta^a  by  gilding  him  all  over  to 
adorn  a  pageant. 

Gildip'pe  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Edward 
an  English  baron,  who  accompanied  her 
husband    to    Jerusalem,   and    performed 

Erodigies  of  valour  in  the  war  (bk.  ix.). 
loth  she  and  her  husband  were  slain  by 
Solyman  (bk.  xx.). — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1575). 

Giles,  a  farmer  in  love  with  Patty, 
"  the  maid  of  the  mill,"  and  promised  to 
him  by  her  father  ;  but  Patty  refuses  to 
marry  him.  Ultimately,  the  "maid  of 
the  mill  "  marries  lord  Aimworth.  Giles 
is  a  blunt,  well-meaning,  working  farmer, 
of  no  education,  no  refinement,  no  notion 
of  the  amenities  of  social  life — Bicker- 
Btaif,  TIus  Maid  of  the  Mill. 

Giles  (1  syl.),  serving-boy  to  Claud 
Halcro.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  PiraU  (time, 
William  III.). 

Giles  (1  syl.),  warder  of  the  Tower. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Niyel  (time* 
James  I.). 


GILES. 


383 


GINES   IT.  PASSAMONTE. 


Oilet  (1  syl.),  jailer  of  sir  Reginald 
Front  de  Baeux. — Sir  W.  Scott,  mmhoi 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Oilet  (  MViV),  apprentice  of  Gihbie 
Girder  the  cooper  at.  W'olTs  Hope 
village. — sir  W.  Scott.  Bride  of  Lammer- 

tnuur  (time,  William  III.). 

'Hiss,  tlie  "  farmer's  boy,"  "meek, 
fatherless,  and  poor,"  the  hero  of  Robert 
Bloomfield's  principal  poem,  which  is 
divided  into  "Spring,"  "Summer," 
"Autumn,"  and  "  winter"  ( 1 7 ' ' s ^ . 

Giles  of  Antwerp,  Giles  Coignet, 
the  painter  (1630-1600). 

Gilfillan  (Habakkuk),  called  "Gifted 
Gillillan,"  ft  Camero'nian  officer  and 
enthusiast. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Gill  (//urn/),  a  farmer,  who  forbade 
old  Goody  lilake  to  carry  home  a  few 
sticks,  which  she  had  picked  up  from  hi* 
land,  to  light  a  wee-hit  lire  to  warm  her- 
self by.  Old  Goody  Blake  cnrsed  him 
for  his  meanness,  saying  he  should  never 
from  that  moment  cease  from  shivering 
with  cold  ;  and,  sure  enough,  from  that 
hour,  a-bed  or  up,  summer  or  winter,  it 
home  or  abroad]  his  teeth  went  "  chatter, 
chatter,  chatter  still."  Clothing  was  of 
no  use,  tires  of  no  avail,  for,  spite  of  all, 
he  muttered,  "  Poor  Harry  Gill  is  very 
cold." — Wordsworth,  Uvudy  Make  and 
Harry  Uill  (17118). 

Gil'lamore  (8  tyi.)  or  Guillamur, 

kill;;  of  Ireland,  being  slain  in  battle  by 
Arthur,  Ireland  was  added  by  the  con- 
queror to  his  own  dominions. 

Huw  Gillanwrr  lyoiln  to  Ireland  he  (mount  .   .  . 
And  having  .Jain  Uic  king,  tin-  oo  ntrj  waste  \<r  laid. 
I >r.i>l..n.  J'olfolbion,  It.  (1619). 

Gil'lian,  landlady  of  don  John  and 
don  Frederic—  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 

The  Chances  (lf.'JO). 

(lil'lum  (Dame),  tirewoman  to  lady 
Eveline,  and  wife  of  Kaoul  the  huntsman. 

-Sir  W.   Scott,    The   Betrothed  (time, 

Henry  II.). 
Gilliflowers.    A   nosegay  of  these 

flowers  was  given  by  tlie  fairy  Ama/n'na 

to  Oarpillona  in  her  ili^ht.    The  virtue 

of  this  DOtegar  was,  that  so   long  as  the 

M    had    it    about    her    person,    those 
Who  knew  her  before  Would  Dot    re. 

her. — Comtes.se    D'Aunoy.     Finrjf 
("  I'ruiotss  Gariiillona,"  1682). 
Gills    (Solomon),    ihip'i    Instrument 

Baker.        A     |]  -\.    thoughtful    "Id    man, 

uacU  of   Walter  Gay,   who   won   iu   the   i 


of  Mr.  Dombey,  merchant.     tiiQs 
was  rery   proud  of   his   stock-in-trade, 

but  rn  -•  11   anything. — & 

Dickens,  Dombtg  and  Sun  (1- 

Gilpin    (John),  a  linen-draper    »nd 

train-band     captain,    living     in     London. 

His  wife  said  to  him,  "Though  w< 

been  married  twenty  years,  ire  hare  taken 

no  holiday  ;  "   and  at  ln-r  ftdvice  th*  well- 

to-do    Linen-draper   ■greed    to    make   a 

family   party,   and    dine   at  the    Ball,   at 
Edmonton.     Mrs.  Gilpin,  her  lister,  and 

four    children    went    in    the     chaise,    and 
Gilpin   promised   to  follow  on   bort 

As  madam   had   left  the   wine    behind, 
Gilpin  girded  it  in  two  stone  bottles  to 

his    belt,   and   started   on    his    way.     The 

horse,  being  fresh,  began  to  trot,  and  then 

to  gallop:  and  John,  being  a  bad  rider, 
grasped  the  inane  with  both  his  hands. 
On  went  the  hone,  oil  flew  John  Gilpin's 
cloak,  together  with  hie  hat  ami  wig. 
The  dogs  barked,  the  children  ten 
the  turnpike  men  (thinking he was  riding 
for  a  wager)  flung  open  their  gates.  He 
llew  through  Edmonton, and  i 
till  he  reached  Ware,  when  bis  friend  the 
calender  gave  him  ■  d  asked  him 

to  dismount.    Gilpin,  however,  declined, 
saying  his  wife  would  be  expecting  him. 
So    tlie    calender     furnished     him    with 
another  hat  and   wig,  ami  Gilpin    I 
back      ■gain,      when      similar      disasters 

occurred,  till  the  hone  stopped  at  his 

house     in     London.  —  W.     low  per,     John 
Qilpm  (1786). 

%*  John  Gilpin  was  •  Mr.  Bt 
Paternoster  Low,  who  died  in  1791,  and 

it  was  lady  Austin  who  told  the  SJ 

to  tlie  pott.    The  marriage  adventure  of 
commodore  Trunnion,  in  Pereyrim  . 
is  a  similar  adventure. 

Giltspur  Street,  a  stre.  t  i 
Smithiield,  built  on  the  route  taken  by 
the  knights  (who  wore  gilt  spurs)  <  ■ 
way  to  Smithtield,  where  the  tournaments 

w  t  re  held. 

Ginos  do  Pnssnir  f  the 

galley.  I  n  >  by  don  Qe 

dines  had  w  ntten  ft  histor)  of  his  life  and 
adventures.  I,    th-. 

■n  the  knight  ;  they  assaulted 
him  witli  stones,  robbed  him  and  Snm-ho 
i'l  everything  they  valued,  br 
"  Manibrino's  hclmt  t,"  and  tin  n  made  otT 
with  all  possible  ipeed,  taking  Saneho's 
i  them.     Alter  a  time  the  vi  was 

I  .    IV. 

"Haft  kMstiai 

nwiM  and  I'm»uii  ii  14  ii. r  nu*wf  hi;  uuuU/."— 4J*fTa»kB\ 

...It   I1MJ*,. 


GINEURA. 


884 


ilOVANXI. 


%*  This  Gines  re-appears  in  pt.  II.  ii. 
7  as  "  Peter  the  showman,"  who  exhibits 
the  story  of  "  Melisendra  and  don  Gay- 
feros."  The  helmet  aho  is  presented 
^hole  and  sound  at  the  inn,  where  it 
jecomes  a  matter  of  dispute  whether  it  is 
•  basin  or  a  helmet. 

Gineura.  the  troth-plight  bride  of 
Ariodantes,  falsely  accused  of  infidelity, 
and  doomed  to  die  unless  she  found  within 
a  month  a  champion  to  do  battle  for  her 
honour.  The  duke  who  accused  her  felt 
confident  that  no  champion  would  appear, 
but  on  the  day  appointed  Ariodantes  him- 
■elf  entered  the  lists.  The  duke  was 
slain,  the  lady  vindicated,  and  the  cham- 
pion became  Gineura's  husband. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (151G). 

(Shakespeare,  in  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing,  makes  Hero  falsely  accused  of 
infidelity,  through  the  malice  of  don 
John,  who  induces  Margaret  (the  lady's 
attendant)  to  give  Borachio  a  rendezvous 
at  the  lady's  chamber  window.  While 
this  was  going  on,  Claudio,  the  betrothed 
lover  of  Hero,  was  brought  to  a  spot 
where  he  might  witness  the  scene,  and, 
believing  Margaret  to  be  Hero,  was  so 
indignant,  that  next  day  at  the  altar  he 
denounced  Hero  as  unworthy  of  his  love. 
Benedict  challenged  Claudio  for  slander, 
but  the  combat  was  prevented  by  the 
arrest  and  confession  of  Borachio.  Don 
John,  finding  his  villainy  exposed,  fled  to 
Messina. 

Spenser  has  introduced  a  similar  story 
in  his  Faery  Queen,  v.  11  (the  tale  of 
11  Irena,"  q.v.). 

Gin'evra,  the  young  Italian  bride 
who,  playing  hide-and-seek,  hid  herself 
in  a  large  trunk.  The  lid  accidentally 
fell  down,  and  was  held  fast  by  a  spring- 
lock.  Many  years  afterwards  the  trunk 
was  sold  and  the  skeleton  discovered. — 
Rogers,  Italy  (1792). 

T.  Haynes  Bayley  wrote  a  ballad  called 
The  Mistletoe  Bough,  on  the  same  tradi- 
tion. He  calls  the  bridegroom  "young 
Lovell." 

A  similar  narrative  is  given  by  Collet, 
in  his  Causes  Cc\cbres. 

Marwell  Old  Hall,  once  the  residence 
of  the  Seymours,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Dacre  family,  has  a  similar  tradition 
attached  to  it,  and  "  the  very  chest  is 
now  the  property  of  the  Rev.  J.  Haygarth, 
rector  of  Uphani." — Post-Office  Directory. 

Bramshall,  Hampshire,  has  a  similar 
tale  and  chest. 


The  same  tale  is  ilso  told  of  the  great 
house  at  Malsanger,  near  Basingstoke. 

Gingerbread  (Giles),  the  hero  of  an 
English  nursery  tale. 

Jack  the  Giant-killer,  OiJet  Gingerbread,  and  Tom 
Thuynb  will  flourish  in  wide-spreading  and  never-ceasing 
popularity. — Washington  Irving. 

Ginn  or  Jan  (singular  masculine 
Jinnee,  feminine  Jinniyeh),  a  species  of 
beings  created  long  before  Adam.  They 
were  formed  of  "smokeless  fire"  or  fire 
of  the  simoom,  and  were  governed  by 
monarchs  named  suleyman,  the  last  of 
whom  was  Jan-ibn-Jan  or  Gian-ben- 
Gian,  who  "  built  the  pyramids  of 
Egypt."  Prophets  were  sent  to  convert 
them,  but  on  their  persistent  disobedience, 
an  army  of  angels  drove  them  from  the 
earth.  Among  the  ginn  was  one  named 
Aza'zel.  'When  Adam  was  created,  and 
God  commanded  the  angels  to  worship 
him,  Azazel refused, saying,  "Why  should 
the  spirits  of  lire  worship  a  creature  made 
of  earth  ?  "  Whereupon  God  changed  him 
into  a  devil,  and  called  him  Iblis  or 
Ebbs  ("  despair").     Spelt  also  Djinn. 

Gi'ona,  a  leader  of  the  anabaptists, 
once  a  servant  of  comte  d'Oberthal,  but 
discharged  from  his  service  for  theft.  He 
joined  the  rebellion  of  the  anabaptists, 
but,  with  the  rest  of  the  conspirators, 
betrayed  the  "  prophet-king,"  John  of 
Leyden,  when  the  emperor  arrived  with 
his  army.  —  Meyerbeer,  Le  Prophet* 
(1849). 

Giovan'ni  (Don),  a  Spanish  libertine 
of  the  aristocratic  class.  His  valet, 
Leporello,  says,  "  He  had  700  mistresses  in 
Italy,  800  in  Germany,  91  in  France  and 
Turkey,  and  1003  in  Spain."  When  the 
measure  of  his  iniquity  was  full,  a  legion 
of  foul  fiends  carried  him  off  to  the  de- 
vouring gulf. — Mozart's  opera,  Don 
Giovanni  (1787). 

(The  libretto  of  this  opera  is  by 
Lorenzo  da  Ponte.) 

%*  The  origin  of  this  character  was 
don  Juan  Teno'rio,  of  Seville,  who  lived 
in  the  fourteenth  century.  The  traditions 
concerning  him  were  dramatized  by  Tirso 
de  Mo'lina  ;  thence  passed  into  Italy  and 
France.  Gliick  has  a  musical  ballet  called 
Don  Juan  (1765) ;  Moliere,  a  comedy  on 
the  same  subject  (1665)  ;  and  Thomas 
Corneille  (brother  of  the  Grand  Comeille) 
broughtout,  in  1673,  a  comedy  on  the  same 
subject,  called  Le  Festin  de  Pierre,  which 
is  the  second  title  of  Molicre's  Dot*  Juan, 
Goldoni,  called  "  The  Italian   MoUere," 


GIPSEY. 


GLADIATOR. 


ha*  iIm  a  a  . .  ourite 

hero. 

Qipsoy,  the   favourite  gWJ  humid   c.f 
Char). 

On*  evening,   lib  [fhnrUa  I. )  line;  rni'liit  a'  ' 

fee  cum     i  ,.       ..  .  .  In  Civrnf. 

— Mt»~\ri.  SJt. 

Gipsey  Ring,  a  flat  gold  ring,  with 
•tonea  U  t  mto  ttt,  nt  given  di 
called  becen  •  originally 

1  ,.m    pebbles-  that    1-,    a,  tie    and 

JMper. 

Gipsies'     Head-quarters,    Yit- 
holm,  Roxburgh. 

Hotd-quarteri  of  (he  gl|«tea  h"» 

OoubU  jiTuiiu  ("(Jiiecn"). 

*„•  Thfl   tale    is,   that    the    gipsiet    are 

wanden  n  because  they  refused  to  ahelter 

t  in-  Virgin  and  child  in  their  flight  into 
. — Aventinus,    A    ■  iorum, 

riii. 

Giralda  of   Bevilli  y  the 

Knight  "f  the  Minora  ■  giai 

irat  of  brass,   and   who,   without 
ever  shifting  her  | 
steady  and    ehai  in    the 

w.>rld.       In     fact,    this    <iir.il. !  i    v 
other  than  the  brasSD  Mat n  a 

villa,  ■emng  Or  ■  weathercock. 

"  I    flint  tlir  rliiuiKral.tr  Qtmtt 

•tin. i  fit: .  It  duriaa  Um  ii«r<  <>{ »  »i. 

blew  |..j|  bun  ti.e  ti.Tth."— Conruilea,  Inn  ((iiusii,  II.  L 

Girder    (QMi$,   U.    Gilbeit),    the 
vTolTi  Hope  rill  i 

fc  c.f  the  cooper. — Sir 
(time, 

William  III.). 

Girdle  (Arm.'  r»rn  by 

Armi'da,  which,  Like  that  ol  \  ana 
•eased  the    magical  charm  of  provoking 
Tseeo,    J'  i 

■ 

.  in-lit,  in  «  :.. 
■if    Brianor,    Mr    Sanglicr,    • 
nr  Qambel,   Mr  Tri'amond,    Hri; 
anil  Othen  took  part.    It  WSJ    . 
•  I   by    r  lorimcl  in  li«  r 

.    him  for  bind 

■  r     w  huh     •  1 1    t>> 

I 
Betyrene'i  possession,  whei 

for  aafi'ty   i 

f~"r*»*i'i.  .-I    f.-r 

tour    and 
preci.  .hi.  :  mi  rit  wu 


.:. i  . .1  ...  ..* 


not  U  «•  mtu*  »!.,  ji  l-rr  e.l  Idle  went. 
but  II  wuuiJ  Iota*,  or  «■»  — irnfcw  teas 

Spans*.  r**r,  v-~-   ...   :    ue*> 

%• 

1a 
the  M 

and    t 
The     "  ■ 
Orlando  i-w  i 

h  *m 
etnbroi 
and  paina  oi 

■ 
or  matron'a  gird 

. -i  said 

' 

l..\  e.       II  ■  :; 

•  rharra, 
I  the  i    Met  aim  ; 
■urn, 
l  . .  .•  tin. 

i  .    ■ 

• 

.  a  u». 
Girdlo  of  Opakk  it  and 


rtwi 


. 


i 


Girdles.  with     d 

i  re 

. 

rlli     and    a 

.   I 

.' 

*twI  to  f !<•  KmMp>n  "  •  h  —  rtnrl  m~ 

■ 
...   mi  .  .        ■ 

I  l.*roe*.~— UMtaa.  rw  dun  •/ 

■  « 

Frank    . 

I    by    hid 

- 
■ 

he 

I 

. 
■ 

than. 

oiid   at 

k»iaa, 


GLADSMOGK. 


3>i6 


GLASTONBURY. 


Qlads'moor  {Mr.),  almoner  of  the 
earl  of  Glenallan,  at  Glenallan  House. — 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  Tlie  Antiquary  (time, 
George  III.). 

Glamorgan,  according  to  British 
fable,  is  </la  or  ylyn  Morgan  (valley  or 
glen  of  Morgan).  Cundah'  and  Morgan 
[says  Spenser)  were  sons  of  Gonorill  and 
Regan,  the  two  elder  daughters  of  king 
Leyr.  Cundah  chased  Morgan  into  Wales, 
and  slew  him  in  the  glen  which  per- 
petuates his  name. 

_;ni  the  bloody  brethren  both  to  ralne  : 
Bat  fierce  Cundah  gtui  shortly  to  envy 
HIl  brother  Morgan  .  .  . 

wurre,  and  him  In  batteill  overthrew ; 
Wl»nce  as  he  to  those  woody  hides  did  fly, 
Which  hight  of  liira  Gla-morgaii,  there  liim  slew. 
Spenser,  fairy  queen,  IL  1U,  M  (15110). 

This  is  not  quite  in  accordance  with 
Geoffrey's  account : 

Some  restless  spirits  .  .  .  Inspired  Margiin  with  rain 
conceits,  .  .  .  who  marched  with  an  arni>  through  Cune- 
OagiuVs  •country,  and  began  to  bum  all  before  him  ;  but 
hi  was  met  by  Cuncdagius,  with  all  bis  femes,  who  at- 
tacked Margan, .  .  .  and.  putting  him  to  flight.  .  .  .  killed 
him  in  a  town  Of  Kan. Ira.  which  .■.luce  his  deatli  lias 
boi  n  .  idled  Marfan  to  this  <\»y  .—ilrUUh  llutory,  ii.  IS 
(IMS). 

Glasgow  (T/tc  bishop  of). — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Castle  iJanycruus,  xix.  (time, 
Henry  I.). 

Glasgow  Arms,  an  oak  tree  with 
a  bird  above  it,  and  a  bell  hanging  from 
one  of  the  branches  ;  at  the  foot  of  the 
tree  a  salmon  with  a  ring  in  its  mouth. 
The  legend  is  that  St.  Kentigem  built 
the  city  and  hung  a  bell  in  an  oak  tree  to 
summon  the  men  to  work.  This  accounts 
for  the  "oak  and  bell."  Now  for  the 
rest  :  A  Scottish  queen,  haying  formed  an 
illicit  attachment  to  a  soldier,  presented 
her  paramour  with  a  ring,  the  gift  of  her 
royal  husband.  This  coming  to  the  know- 
ledge of  the  king,  he  contrived  to  abstract 
it  from  the  soldier  while  he  was  asleep, 
threw  it  into  the  Clyde,  and  then  asked 
his  queen  to  show  it  him.  The  queen,  in 
great  alarm,  ran  to  St.  Kentigem,  and 
confessed  her  crime.  The  father  con- 
fessor went  to  the  Clyde,  drew  out  a 
salmon  with  the  ring  in  its  mouth,  handed 
it  to  the  queen,  and  by  this  means  both 
prevented  a  scandal  and  reformed  the 
repentant  lady. 

A  similar  legend  is  told  of  Dame  Re- 
becca Beny,  wife  of  Thomas  Elton  of 
Stratford  Bow,  and  relict  of  sir  John 
Berry,  lOOG.  She  is  the  heroine  of  the 
ballad  called  The  Cmd  Knujht.  The 
story  runs  thus:  A  knight,  passing  try  a 
cottage,  heard  the  cries  of  a  woman  in 
labour.  By  his  knowledge  of  the  occult 
sciences,    he    knew  that  the    infant    was 


doomed  to  be  his  future  wife  ;  but  he 
determined  to  elude  his  destiny.  When 
the  child  was  of  a  marriageable  age,  he 
took  her  to  the  sea-side,  intending  to 
drown  her,  but  relented,  and,  throwing  a 
ring  into  the  sea,  commanded  her  never 
to  see  his  face  again,  upon  pain  of  death, 
till  she  brought  back  that  ring  with  her. 
The  damsel  now  went  as  cook  to  a  noble 
family,  and  one  day,  as  tze  was  preparing 
a  cod-ash  for  dinner,  che  found  the  ring 
in  the  tish,  took  it  to  the  knight,  and  thus 
became  the  bride  of  sir  John  Berry.  Tlie 
Berry  arms  show  a  fish,  and  in  the  dexter 
chief  a  ring. 

Glass  (Arts.),  a  tobacconist,  in  London, 
who  befriended  Jeanie  Deans  while  sho 
sojourned  in  town,  whither  she  had  coma 
to  crave  pardon  from  the  queen  for  Effie 
Deans,  bcr  half-sister,  Lying  under  sen- 
tence of  death  for  the  murder  of  net 
infant  bom  before  wedlock.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Glass  Armour.  When  Chery  went 
to  encounter  the  dragon  that  guarded  the 
singing  apple,  he  arrayed  himself  in  glass 
armour,  which  reflected  objects  like  a 
mirror.  Consequently,  when  the  monstei 
came  against  him,  seeing  its  reflection 
in  every  part  of  the  armour,  it  fancied 
hundreds  of  dragons  were  coming  against 
it,  and  ran  away  in  alarm  into  a  cave, 
which  Chery  instantly  closed  up,  and  thus 
became  master  of  the  situation. — Com- 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  laics  ("Princes. 
ir,"  1682). 

Glasse  (Mrs.),  author  of  a  cookery- 
book,  immortalized  by  the  saying,  "  First 
catch  [skin]  your  hare,  then  cook  it." 
Mrs.  Glasse  is  the  norm  de  plume  of  Dr. 
John  Hill  (1716-1775). 

A  great  variety  of  learned  dainties  whirti  Mrs.  Glasse 
herself  would  not  disdain  to  add  to  her  high-flavoured 
catalogue. — fUiinburyK  Keriew. 

1  know  It  all,  from  a  lark  to  a  loin  of  beef ;  and  in  the 
economy  of  the  table,  wouldn't  hold  a  candle  to  Hannah 
Glasse  herself.— Cumberland,  tint  Lore,  u.  1  (1796). 

Glas'tonbury,  in  Arthurian  ro- 
mance, was  the  burial-place  of  king 
Arthur.  Selden,  in  his  Ilhutratkmt  ' 
Drayton,  gives  an  account  of  Arthur's 
tomb  "betwixt  two  pillars,"  am! 
that  "Henry  II.  gave  command  to  Henry 
de  Bois  (then  abbot  of  Glastonbury)  to 
make  great  search  for  the  body  of  the 
British  king,  which  was  found  in  a 
irooden  coffin  some  16  foote  deepc,  and 
afterwards  they  found  a  stone  on  whose 
Lower  side  was  fixed  a  leaden  cross  with 
the  name  Inscribed." 


GLATISANT. 


GLENDINNING. 


Glastonbury  Thorn.  The  legend  is  tlint 
Joseph  of  Arimathca  stuck  his  stair  into 
the  ground  in  "  the  sacred  isle  of  Glas- 
tonbury," and  that  tliis  thorn  blossoms 
"on  Christmas  Day"  every  year.  St. 
Joseph  was  buried  at  Glastonbury. 

Not  great  Arthur's  tomb,  nor  holy  Jowph'i  gram, 
Prom  ■nTtlnoi  bad  pawn  tbaii  Mond  Umes  touve  .  .  . 
[Her,  |  trod  in  winter  bluom  imd.  bear   their  iiiwiiier'ii 
green. 

Drayton,  PolyolUan,  UL  (1618). 

Glatisant,  the  questing  beast.  It 
had  the  head  of  a  serpent,  the  body  of  a 
libbard,  buttocks  of  a  lion,  foot  of  a  hart, 
and  in  its  body  "  there  was  a  noise  like 
tha*,  of  thirty  couple  of  hounds  questing  " 
(i.e.  in  full  cry).  Sir  Palomi'des  the 
Saracen  was  for  ever  following  this  beast. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  J/ist^r,/  of  Prince 
Arthur,  ii.  52,  53,149  (1470). 

Glau'ce  (2  syl.),  nurse  of  the  princess 
Brit'oniart.  She  tried  by  charms  to 
"undo"  her  lady's  love  for  sir  Artegal, 
"but  love  that  is  in  gentle  heart  began, 
no  idle  charm  can  remove."  Finding  her 
Borcery  useless,  she  took  the  princess  to 
consult  Merlin,  and  Merlin  told  her  that 
by  marrying  Artegal  she  would  found  a 
race  of  kings  from  which  would  arise  "a 
royal  virgin  that  shall  shake  the  power  of 
Spain."  The  two  now  started  in  quest  of 
the  knight,  but  in  time  got  separated. 
Glance  became  "the  'squire"  of  sir 
Scu'damore,  but  re-appears  (bk.  iii.  12) 
after  the  combat  between  Bntomart  and 
Artegal,  reconciles  the  combatants,  and 
the  princess  consents  "to  be  the  love  of 
Artegal,  and  to  take  him  for  her  lord  " 
(bk.  iv.  6,  6). — Spenser,  Faiiry  Queen 
(1590,  1590). 

GlailCUS,  a  fisherman  of  Boeo'tia. 
He  observed  that  all  the  fish  which  he 
laid  on  the  grass  received  fresh  vigour, 
and  immediately  leaped  into  the  sea. 
This  grass  had  been  planted  by  Kronos, 
and  when  Glaucua  tasted  it,  he  also 
leaped  into  the  sea,  and  became  a  pro- 
phetic marine  deity.  Once  a  year  he 
l  all  the  coasts  of  Greece,  to  utter 
his  predictions.  Glaucua  is  the  sailors' 
l>atron  deity. 

Blii  "'<1  auutluaylnii  r.l.iuoo 

Milton.  Ommm,  B74(UM). 
A*  Qtaaan,  whan  h*  taatad  of  the  hart 

That  tiuuie  him  jiht  ajaonf  llw  OOMUI  K<"U. 

Hum,  Pm  idlm,  L  ii:ni). 

Ulaucus,   son    of   Ilippolvtus.       lUing 
■mothered  in  a  tub  of    honey,   fa 
restored  to  life  by  [a]  dragon  given  him 
by   Kscula'pios  (probably  a  medicine  bo 
nailed). — Apollodorus,  :,  _'J. 


u,  of  <  Shioa,  inventor  of  the  art  of 
Soldering  metal. — I'ausanias,  Itinerary  of 

A  second  Glauous,  one  who  ruins  him- 
self by  horses.  This  refers  to  Glaucua, 
son  of  Sis'yphos,  who  was  killed  by  his 
horses.  Some  say  he  was  trami  I 
death  by  them,  and  some  that  he  Rl) 
eaten  by  them. 

Qlaud  ei  Diomedu  i    i  nutatio,  a  very 
foolish  exchange.       Homer  (Iliad,    vi.) 
tells  us  that  Glaucua  changed 
armour  for  the  iron  one  of  Diomfidgs.  The 
French  say, 

Diomede.  This  Glaucus  was  the  grand- 
son of  Bellerophon.  (In  Greek,  "(jlau- 
kos.") 

Glem,  the  scene  of  Arthur's  battle,  is 
in  Northumberland. 

The  fittht  tli.it  nil  dsr  long 
Rang  by  the  white  mouth  u(  U 

Teiiiijnon. 

Glenallan  (Josccl  ind  dowager  o  i 
of),  whose  funeral    takes   place   by  torch* 
light  in  the  Catholic  chapel. 

The  earl  <  •  ..  son  of  the  dow- 

-  r   '■'.  ,  g  .        Anti- 

quary (time,  George  III.). 

Glenalvon.  heir  of  lord  Randolph. 
When  young  Norval,  the  son  of  bidy 
Randolph,  makes  bis  unexpected  appear- 
ance, Glenalvon  sees  in  him  a  rival,  whom 
he  hates.  He  pretends  to  lord  Randolph 
that  the  young  man  is  a  suitor  of  lady 
Randolph's,  and,  having  excif 
sion   of  jealousy.  to   bring  his 

lordship  to  a  place  where  he  wil 
their  endearments.  A  tight  ensue-.  IB 
which  Norval  slays  Glenalvon,  but  is 
himself  slain  by  lord  Randolph,  who  then 
discovers  too  late  that  the  supposed  suil.-r 
was  his  wife's  son. — Home,  1 
(1757). 

Gloncoe  (2  syl.),  the  scene  of  the 
massacre  of  M'lan  and  thirty-eight  of  his 
glenmen,  in  1692.  All  J« 
commanded  to  submit  to  William  III.  by 
the  end  of  December,  1691.  M'lan  was 
detained  by  a  heavy  fall  of  snow. 

John  Dalrymple,  tha  i; 

captain  Campbell  to  make  an  example  of 

"  the  r. 

*,*    T.'dfourd    has    a    drama    entitled 
KXM  or  the  Fall  of  the  Al'Donalde. 

Glondalo    (Sir    Bfokard),    a    , 

conspirator  with    Redgauntlet. — Sir   \V. 
Scott,  /'.,  (gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Gloiuim'ning  (/'.'-•/-•/.'•)  or  Ki-srsmi 
BbTDOHI     (-'    ../.).     widow     of     E 

Glendinning  of  the  l'"«i  r  of  'ihudearg. 


GLENDINNING. 


GLUCK. 


HaVbert  and  Edward  Glendinning,  sons 
of  Elspetb  Glendinning. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Glendin'nina  (Sir  Halbert),  the  knight 
of  Avenel,  husband  of  lady  Mary  of 
Avenel  (2  syl.).— Sir  W.  Scott,  T/ie  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Glendoveer',  plu.  Glendoveers,  the 
most  beautiful  of  the  good  spirits  of 
Hindu  mythology. 

.  .  .  the  glendoveers. 
The  loveliest  or  all  of  heavenly  birth. 

goutbey,  Curte  qf  Kehama,  vi.  2  (1)500). 

Glendow'er  (Owen),  a  Welsh  noble- 
man, descended  from  Llewellyn  (last  of 
the  Welsh  kings).  Sir  Edmund  Mor- 
timer married  one  of  his  daughters. 
Shakespeare  makes  him  a  wizard,  but 
verv  highly  accomplished. — Shakespeare, 
1  Henry  IV.  (1597). 

Glengar'ry.  So  M'Donald  of  Glen- 
garry (who  gave  in  his  adhesion  to 
William  III.)  is  generally  called. 

Glenpro'sing  (The  old  lady),  a 
neighbour  of  old  Jasper  Yellowley. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William 
III.). 

Glenthorn  (Lord),  the  hero  of  Miss 
Edgeworth's  novel  called  Ennui.  Spoiled 
by  indolence  and  bad  education,  he 
succeeds,  by  a  course  of  self -discipline,  in 
curing  his  mental  and  moral  faults,  and 
in  becoming  a  useful  member  of  society 
(1809). 

The  history  of  lord  Glenthoni  affords  a  striking  picture 
of  ennui,  and  contains  some  excellent  delineations  of 
character. — Chambers,  Englith  Literature,  ii.  66a. 

Glenvar'loch  (Lord),  or  Nigel 
Olifaunt,  the  hero  of  Scott's  novel  culled 
The  Eortunes  of  Niyel  (time,  James  I.). 

Glinter,  the  palace  of  Foresti  "the 
peace-maker,"  son  of  Balder.  It  was 
raised  on  pillars  of  gold,  and  had  a  silver 
roof. 

Gloria'na,  "  the  greatest  glorious 
queen  of  Faery-land." 

By  Gloriana  I  mean  [ trut]  Glory  In  my  general  Intention, 
but  in  my  particular  1  conceive  the  most  excellent  and 
glorious  i>ersnn  of  our  sovereign  the  queen  |/7«<i6rt/il, 
and  her  kingdom  is  Faerie-land. — Spenser,  Introduction 
le  The  foxry  yueen  (16U0). 

Glorious  John,  John  Dryden 
(1631-1701). 

Glorious  Preacher  (The),  St. 
John  Chrysostom  (i.e.  John  Gvldcnmouth, 
J»64-407) 


Glory  (Old),  sir  Francis  Burdett 
(1770-1814). 

Glory  Hole,  a  cupboard,  ottoman, 
box,  or  other  receptacle,  where  any- 
thing may  be  thrown  for  the  nonce  to  get 
it  out  of  sight  rapidly.  A  cupboard  at 
the  head  of  a  staircase  for  brooms,  etc.,  ia 
so  called. 

Glossin  (Mr.  Gilbert),  a  lawyer,  who 
purchases  the  Ellangowan  estate,  and  is 
convicted  by  counsellor  Pleydell  of 
kidnapping  Henry  Bertrand  the  heir. 
Both  Glossin  and  Dirk  Hatteraick,  his 
accomplice,  are  sent  to  prison,  and  in  the 
night  Hatteraick  first  strangles  the  lawyer 
and  then  hangs  himself. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Manncriiuj  (time,  George  II.). 

Gloucester  (The  duke  of),  brother  of 
Charles  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Gloucester  (Richard  duke  of),  in  the 
court  of  king  Edward  IV. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geurstcin  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Gloucester  (The  earl  of),  in  the  couri 
of  king  Henry  II.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Glover  (Simon),  the  old  glover  of 
Perth,  and  father  of  the  "  fair  maid." 

Catharine  Glaoer,  "the  fair  maid  of 
Perth,"  daughter  of  Simon  the  glover, 
and  subsequently  bride  of  Henry  Smith 
the  armourer. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Eair  Maid 
of  I'crth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Glover  (Ilcins),  the  betrothed  of  Tnid- 
chen   [i.e.    Gertrutle]    Pavilion,  daughter 
of   the   svndic's    wife. — Sir     \V.     - 
Quentin  Purward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Glowrowrum  (Tfie  old  lady),  a 
friend  of  Magnus  Troil. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Glubdub'drib,  the  land  of  sorcerer* 
and  magicians,  where  Gulliver  was 
shown  many  of  the  great  men  of 
antiquity.  —  Swift,  Gulliver's  TraveU 
(172fi).  " 

Gllick,  a  German  musical  composer, 
greatly  patronized  by  Marie  Antoinette. 
Young  France  set  up  ngainst  him  the 
Italian  Piccini.  Between  1774  and  17n0 
every  street,  coffee-house,  school,  and 
drawing-room  in  Paris  canvassed  the 
merits  of  these  two  composers,  not  on 
the  score  of  their  respective  talents,  but  as 
the  representatives  of  the  German  and 
Italian  schools  of  music.  The  parti/ans 
of  the  German  school  were  called  Gluck- 


GLUMDALCA. 


389 


GOD. 


ista,   and   those    of    the    Italian   school 
Piccinists. 

Egt-cefiltlck.  n-l-rr  Purrlnl. 

na  Pulymnitl 

l><inc  chin-  GIUl  k  el  I 

Toul  ! 

L'uil  souti.  nt  ,-.■  que  :":intrr  nle, 

Et  Clio  veut  uallre  Umule. 

I'.nir  mot,  qui  >  r.t:iiH  tmite  manle, 

Plu>  I  lb "'ic 

tCtpoamnt  Pudnl  ni  Murk. 
Je  n'y  cuiin:us  rien  :  ergo  GlUclc. 

***  A  similar  contest  raged  in  Eng- 
land between  the  Rononcinists  and 
Handelists.  The  prince  of  Wales  was 
the  leader  of  the  Handel  or  German 
party,  and  the  duke  of  Marlborough  of 
the  Hononcini  or  Italian  school.  (See 
TWKEDLHDUK.) 

Glumdalca,  queen  of  the  giants, 
captive  in  the  court  of  king  Arthur. 
The  king  cast  love-glances  at  her,  and 
made  queen  Dollallolla  jealous  ;  but  the 
giantess  loved  lord  Grizzle,  and  lord 
(irizzle  lo\>..I  the  princess  Buncamunca. 
tand  Brmcarrrnnca  loved  the  valiant  Tom 
'Thumb. —  Tain  Thumb,  by  Fielding  the 
novelist  (1730),  altered  bv  OTIara,  author 
of  Mkias  (1778). 

Glum-dal'clitch,  a  girl  nine  years 
old  "and  only  forty  feet  high."  B<  ing 
such  a  "little  thing,"  the  charge  of 
Gulliver  was  committed  to  her  during 
his  sojourn  in  Rrobdingnag. — Swift, 
Gulliver's  Travels, 

Soon  u  Glumdalrlitch  missed  her  pleasing  cire. 
She  wept,  aba  blubbered,  and  the  tore  her  li.ur 

Pope. 

Glumms,  the  male  population  of 
the  imaginary  country   Efosmnodsgrsutt, 

visited  by  IVter  Wilkins.     The  glumms, 
like   the  females,  called  gawreys  ('/.i'.), 
had  wings,  which  served   Both   for  flying 
and   dress. — R.    Pultock,   Peter    H 
(1750). 

Glutton  (The),  Vitellius  the  Soman 
emperor  (bom  a.m.  15,  reigned  69,  died 
•'•!').  Visiting  the  Beld  after  the  battle  of 
Redriac,  in  Gaol,  he  exclaimed, ''The  body 
of  a  dead  enemy  is  a  delightful  perfume. 

*m*  Charles  IX.  of  France,  when  he 
went  in  grand  procession  to  visit  the 
gibbet  on  which  admiral  Coligny  was 
hanging,  had  the  wretched  hnartlosannsa 
to  exclaim,  in  doggerel  verse: 

Fnumuiov  swrfirr  tlt'tr,  tlie  rrmo 
Itlrea  from  our  alnuKhtared  foea. 

Gluttun  (The),  Gabius  Apieins,  who 
lived  during  the  reign  of  Tiberius.  He 
■peat  £800,000  on  the  luxuries  of  Uk 
ublc,  and  when  only  680,000  of  his  large 
fortune    remained,    he    hanged    himself, 


thinking  death  preferable  to  "starvation 
on  such  a  miserable  pittance." 

Gna,  the  messenger  of  Frigga, — 
Scamiiiuivi'in  Mythot 

Goats.  The  Pteiadea  are  called  in 
Spain  The  Seven  Little  G 

S..  Ii  happened  thai  we  paaed  d ■  «e  to  the  Keren  Little 
GoeXa.  —  CervaiiU».  Jton  <juuiotc.  II.  UL  S  (1614k 

*»*  Sancho  Panza  affirmed  that  two 
of  the  goats  were  of  a  green  colour,  two 
carnation,  two  bine,  and  one  motley  ; 
"  hut,"  he  adds,  "  do  he-goat  or  cuckold 

ever    parses    beyond   the    horns    of    the 
moon." 

Goatsnose,  a  prophet,  born  deaf  and 
dumb,  who  uttered  his  predictions  by 
signs. — Rabelais,  Tantaj'riul,  iii.  20 
(1646). 

Gobbo  (Old),  the  father  of  Launce- 
lot.      1  le  was  stone  blind. 

Launceiot  Gobbo,  son  of  Old  Gobbo. 
He  left  the  service  of  Shylock  the  Jew 
for  that  of  Baasa'nio  a  Christian.  Lannce- 

bbo  is  one  "f  t!ie  famous  cl<  t 

Shakespeare. — Shakes;  - 
Venice  (1698). 

Gob'ilyvo  (Godfrey),  the  assumed 
name  of  False  Report.     Be  is  described 

as  a  dwarf,  with  great  head,  large  brows, 
hollow  eyes,  crooked  nose,  hairy  C 
B  pied  heard,  hanging  lips,  and  black 
teeth.  Bis  neck  wtia  short,  his  shoulders 
awry,  his  brea.it  Fat.  his  arms  long,  his 
legs    "  kewed,"  and   J.e    rode   "  bri 

bragge  on   a  little  nag.*1     B 
Graunde  Amonre  he  was  wanderin 
the  world    to   find  a  virtuous  wife,   but 
hitherto  without  Bnccess.     Lady  I 
tion    met    the    party,    ami    comn 
Gobilyve  (8  sy/.j  to  be  severely 
for  a  lying  varies. — Stephen  Haw. 
Pane  tyme   of    Pletwre,    xxi.x.,    xxxi., 
xxxii.  (1616). 

Gobsock,  a  grasping  monej   lei 
the  hero  and  title  of  one  i  ovels 

God. 

Full  of  Vit  ijoJ,  full  of  wine,  partly 
intoxicated. 

Qod  ..... 

Varro,  in  his  De  Re  Rusti  i.  hi-:  "Divins 

Nature  a_;r...-.  dedil.ars  humana  wdilicavit 

Napolsjon 

I.  said,  "l.e  ban  Dieu  est  toujour*  du 
-  bataiUons."    Julius-  Cjmai 

made  the  same  remark. 


GOD'S  TABLE. 


390       GOETZ  VON  BERLICII1NGEN. 


God's  Table.  The  Koran  informs 
us  that  God  has  written  down,  in  what  is 
called  "The  Preserved  Table,"  every 
event,  past,  present,  and  to  come,  from 
the  beginning  to  the  end  of  time.  The 
most  minute  are  not  omitted  (ch.  vi.). 

God's  Token,  a  peculiar  eruption  on 
the  skin ;  a  certain  indication  of  death 
in  those  afflicted  with  the  plague. 

A  Will  and  a  Tolling  bell  are  as  present  death  aa  God'i 
token.  —  Two  Hue  Men  and  all  the  rett  t'uo't  (1619). 

Godam,  a  nickname  applied  by  the 
French  to  the  English,  in  allusion  to  a 
once  popular  oath. 

Godfrey  (<le  Bouillon),  the  chosen 
chief  of  the  allied  crusaders,  who  went 
t  j  wrest  Jerusalem  from  the  hands  of  the 
Saracens,  lie  was  calm,  circumspect, 
prudent,  and  brave.  Godfrey  despised 
"worldly  empire,  wealth,  and  fame." — 
Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Godfrey  {Sir  Edmondbury),  a  magis- 
trate killed  by  the  papists.  He  was  very 
active  in  laying  bare  their  nefarious 
schemes,  and  his  body  was  found  pierced 
with  his  own  sword,  in  KIT*.— .Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Peveril  of  t/ie  Beak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

*+*  Dryden  calls  sir  Edmondbury 
"Agag,"  and  Dr.  Titus  Oates  he  calls 
M  Corah." 

Corah  might  for  Agag '3  murder  call, 

In  term*  us  coarse  a*  Samuel  used  to  Saul. 

Atu'Uom  and  AcMtophel.  L  (1681). 

Godfrey  (Miss),  an  heiress,  daughter  of 
an  Indian  governor. — Sam.  Foote,  T/ie 
Liar  (1761). 

God'inez  (Doctor),  a  schoolmaster, 
"  the  most  expert  flogger  in  Oviedo " 
[Ov.e.a'.du].  He  taught  Gil  Bias,  and 
"  in  six  years  his  worthy  pupil  under- 
stood a  little  Greek,  and  was  a  tolerable 
Latin  scholar." — Lesage,  Gil  Bias,  i. 
(1715). 

Godi'va  or  Godgifu,  wife  of  earl 
Leofric  The  bile  is  that  she  begged  her 
husband  to  remit  a  certain  tax  which 
oppressed  the  people  of  Coventry.  Leofric 
said  he  would  do  so  only  on  one  con- 
dition— that  she  would  ride  naked  through 
the  city  at  midday.  So  the  lady  gave 
orders  that  all  people  should  shut  up 
their  windows  and  doors ;  and  she  rode 
naked  through  the  town,  and  delivered 
the  people  from  the  tax.  The  tale 
further  says  that  all  the  people  did  as  the 
lady  bade  them  except  Peeping  Tom, 
who  looked  out,  and  was  struck  blind. 

*w*  This  legend  is  told  at  length  by 
r&ajton  in  bis  Bvlyulbion,  xiii.  (1613/. 


Godless  Florins,  English  two- 
shilling  pieces  issued  by  Shiel  when 
master  of  the  mint.  He  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  and  left  out  F.  D.  (defender  of 
the  faith)  from  the  legend.  They  were 
issued  and  called  in  the  same  year 
(1849). 

Godmanchester  Hogs  and 
Huntingdon  Sturgeon. 

During  a  very  high  flood  In  the  meadow*  between 
Huntingdon  and  Godmanchester.  something  was  seen 
floating,  which  the  Godmanchester  people  thought  was  a 
black  bog,  and  the  Huntingdon  folk  declared  «ss)  a 
sturgeon.  When  rescued  from  the  water",  it  prows]  to 
be  a  young  donkey. — Lord  Braybrooke  (l'epys,  ltiarg. 
May  L'2.  1667). 

Godmer,  a  British  giant,  son  of 
Albion,  slain  by  Canu'tus  one  of  the 
companions  of  brute. 

Those  three  monstrous  stones  .  .  . 
Which  that  huge  son  of  hideous  Albion, 
Greal  (Jodmer.  threw  in  fierce  contention 
At  bold  Canutus;  but  of  him  was  slain. 

Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  1L  10  (15901. 

Goemot  or  Goemagot,  a  British 
giant,  twelve  cubits  high,  and  of  such 
prodigious  strength  that  he  could  pull  up 
a  full-grown  oak  at  one  tug.  Same  as 
Gogmagog  (q.v.). 

On  a  certain  day,  when  Brutus  was  holding  a  solemn 
festival  to  the  gods  .  .  .  this  giant,  with  twenty  i 
his  companions,  came  in  upon  the  Britons,  among  whom 
be  made  a  dreadful  slaughter  ;  but  the  Britons  at  last .  .  . 
killed  them  every  one  but  Goemagot  ■  .  .  him  Brutus 
preserved  alive,  out  of  a  desire  to  see  a  combat  between 
the  giant  and  Conneus,  who  took  delight  in  such  en- 
counters. ,  .  ,  Corineus  carried  hin:  to  the  top  of  a  hlxh 
rock,  and  tossed  him  into  the  sea.— Geoffrey,  lirituh 
Uitlory.  L  10  (Uti). 

Goemagot' s  Leap  or  "  Lam  Goe"magot," 
now  called  Haw,  near  Plymouth ;  the 
place  where  the  giant  fell  when  Corin'- 
eus  (3  syl.)  tossed  him  down  the  craggy 
rocks,  by  which  he  was  mangled  to 
pieces. — Geoffrey,  British  History,  i.  16 
(1142). 

*„,*  Southey  calls  the  word  Lan-ya- 
maijoy.     (See  Gogmagog.) 

Goer'vyl,  sister  of  prince  Madoc, 
and  daughter  of  Owen  late  king  of  North 
Wales.  She  accompanied  her  brother  to 
America,  and  formed  one  of  the  colony 
of  Caer-madoc,  south  of  the  Missouri 
(twelfth  century).  —  Southey,  Mad^ 
(1805). 

Goetz  von  Berlichingen,  or 
Gottfried  of  the  Iron  Hand,  a  famous 
German  burgrave,  who  lost  his  ri^ht 
hand  at  the  siege  of  Landshut.  The  iron 
hand  which  replaced  the  one  he  had  lost 
is  still  shown  at  Jaxthauscn,  the  place  of 
his  birth.  Gottfried  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  wars  of  independence  against 
the  electors  of  Brandenberg  and  Bavaria, 
in  the  sixteenth  century  (1480-1662.,. 


GOFFE. 


891 


GOLD  OF  T'»L<jSA. 


***  Goethe  has  made  this  the  title  and 
subject  of  an  historical  drama. 

Gofffe  (Captain),  captain  of  the  pirate 
vessel. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time, 
William  III.). 

Gog,  according  to  Ezek.  xxxviii., 
xxxix.,  was  "prince  of  Magog "  (a 
country  or  people).  Calmet  says  Cam- 
by'ses  king  of  Persia  is  meant ;  but 
others  think  Antiochua  Epiph'anes  is 
alluded  to. 

Go*],  In  Rev.  xx.  7-9,  means  Anti- 
christ. Gog  and  Magog,  in  conjunc- 
tion, mean  all  princes  of  the  earth  who 
are  enemies  of  the  Christian  Church. 

%*  Sale  says  Gog  is  a  Turkish  tribe. 
— Al  Koran,  xviii.  note. 

Gog  and  Magog.  Prester  John, 
in  his  letter  to  Manuel  Comnenus,  em- 
peror of  Constantinople,  speaks  of  Gog 
and  Magog  as  two  separate  nations 
tributary  to  him.  These,  with  thirteen 
others,  he  says,  are  now  shut  up  behind 
inaccessible  mountains,  but  at  the  end  of 
the  world  they  will  be  let  loose,  and 
overrun  the  whole  earth.  —  Albericus 
Trium  Fontium,  Chronicles  (1*242). 

Sale  tells  us  that  Go^  and  Magog  are 
called  by  the  Arabs  "  Yajui  "  and  "  Ka- 
juj,"  which  are  two  nations  or  tribes 
descended  from  Japhet,  son  of  Noah. 
Gog,  according  to  some  authorities,  is  a 
Turkish  tribe;  and  Magog  is  the  tribe 
culled  "  Gilan  "  by  Ptolemy,  and  "Geli" 
or  "  Gclae"  by  Strabo. — Al  Koran,  xviii. 

note. 

Inspecting  the  re-appearance  of  Gog 
and  Ma^og,  the  Koran  says:  "  They  [the 
dead]  shall  not  return  .  .  .  till  Got,'  and 
-  have  a  passage  opened  for  them, 
ami  they  [//<<■  dead]  shall  hasten  from 
every  high  hill,"  i.e.  the  resurrection  (eh. 

xxi.). 

• 
Qog  and  Magog.     The  two  statues  of 

Guildhall  so  called  are  in  reality  the 
statues  of  Gogmagog  or  Gofimagot  ami 
Corineus,  referred  to  in  the  next  article. 
(See  also  CoiuNKi's.)  The  Albion  giant 
is  known  by  his  pole-axe  and  spiked  ball. 

Two  statues  so  called  Si I   on  the  same 

Spot  in  the  reign  of    Henry  V .  ;   but  those 

now  seen  m  ere  made  by  Richard  Saunders, 
in  170H,  and  are  fourteen  feet  in  height. 

In  Bon  -i  nn.t  count!)  • 

that  wan  'i iv.  wh.i,  the  glanta  b<  ura  tbt  clock  *tnk.> 
!»•!»«,  tin')  .niiio  down  Li  dinner.— c/J  and  .><-*• 
Undon. 

Another  talc  was  that  they  then  fell 
foul  af  each  other  in  angry  combat. 


Gog'magog,  kin^'of  the  Albion  pants, 
eighteen  feet  in  height,  killed  by  Corin 
in  a  wrestling  match,  ana  Bung  by  bin) 

over  the  II »r  Haw  of  Plymouth.     For 

this  achievement,  Unite  gave  his  follower 
all  that  Uorn  of    land   now   called   I 
wall,  Cor'n[w]all,  a  contraction  of  Corin- 
all.    The  coi  ribed  by  Drayton 

in  his  Polyolbton,  i.  (1612). 

K'en  thus  unmoved 
Stood  Corineus,  the  gtre  of  Guendolen. 
Whan,  grappling  with  in«  iimnilimM  enemr. 

He  the  brute  vaatnoui  held  aloft,  an  I 
and  ln'HilI'iiiK  hurled,  all  shattered  to  the  son, 
I>..wn  from  Hie  r  x -k'»  liUch  summit,  since  U*-. 
Called  Lwi -gam,a'gog. 

Souther.  Join  0/  Arc.  tUL  3M. 

Spenser  throws  the  accent  • 
on  the   second  syllable,   Southey   on   the 
first,  while  Drayton   makes  it  a  word  «• 
four  syllables,  and  accents  the  third. 

Gog'magog  Hill,  the  higher  of  the 

two  hills  seme  three   miles  south-. 
Cambridge.     It    once    belonged    t 
Balsham    Hills,  but,    "  being    rn  li 
bearish,  regarding  neither  Goo  nor  man,'' 

it    was    named    in    repi 
The  Legend  is  thai  this  I  -  Liu] 

was  once  a  huge  giant,  who  fell  in  love 
with  the   nymph  Grants,  and,  m< 
her  alone,  told  her  all  his  heart, 

"  Swectlin;  mine.  If  thou  mine  osrn  wilt  l>e. 
Ire  many  ■  pretty  ^.u.l  1  hasp  in  (ton  f..r  thee: 
A  iie*t  "f  broad^acad  ..»u  and  p  odlj  urchins  too 
Dfai .  nj  mpb,  t.iX-1  bai  I 

And  l»  iter  fur  tliaii  that,  a  hukhin  two  )e..r 

A  011  li'.l- pate  calf  It  in.  ami  oft  .  (old  : 

Aiiil  vet  baridai  all  Uu  . 

K.iM  .1  ilnty  for  ni)  tor  win  11  * 
An. I  twenty  sows  of  ieud  to  u.  .. 

but  the  saucy   nymph  only   mocked  tho 
giant,    and    told    his    love    story    I 
Muses,  and  all  made  him  their  jet 
sport   and    Laughter, —  Dayton,    1'oiy- 
1  \i.  (1622). 

Goitre. 

f/ban  we  were  N>rt, 
Who  wonl.l  baUan  Hi  nitalnrrri 

I ».-u  lapp'd  Ukfl  bulla,  nh.«.  thruals  h.il  1. .inking  at  'era 
WaHaUot  Seahl 

,  euro,  r\«  T*m)*tt,  act  111.  «c  3  (1000). 

Gold  of  Nibolungon  ( The),  un- 
lucky wealth.  "To  have  the  gold  of 
Nibelungeu "    is   to    ha 

which    seems    to    bring   a   curse   with    it. 

The  uncle  who  murdered  "the  babes  in 

the  h  "«'d  "  for  thi  and  money, 

ingen  ;"  nothing 

from   that    moment  went  well  with  him  — 
his  cattle  died,  his  crops  failed,  his   bum* 

m  1  r.-  destroy  ed  by  tire  or  temps 

he     WAS     reduced     to     utter     ruin.      (See 
Nun  i.ini.kn.)      .  lis, 

Gold  of  Tolo'sa  (  7V),  ill  gAins, 
which    never   prosper.     The  references 


GOLD  POURED,  ETC. 


392 


GOLDEN  MOUTH. 


to  Caepio  the  Roman  consul,  who,  on  his 
march  to  Gallia  Narbonensis,  stole  from 
Tolosa  (Toulouse)  the  gold  and  silver 
consecrated  by  the  Cimbrian  Druids  to 
their  gods.  He  was  utterly  defeated  by 
the  Cimbrians,  and  some  112,000  Romano 
were  left  dead  on  the  field  of  battle  (b.c. 
106). 

Gold  Poured  down  the  Throat. 
Marcus  Licin'ius  Crassus,  surnamed  "The 
Rich,"  one  of  the  first  Roman  triumvirate, 
tried  to  make  himself  master  of  Partbia, 
but  being  defeated  and  brought  captive 
to  Oro'des  king  of  Parthia,  he  was  put  to 
death  by  having  molten  gold  poured  down 
his  throat.  "  Sate  thy  greed  with  this," 
Baid  Orodes. 

Manlius  Nepos  Aquilius  tried  to  restore 
the  kings  of  Bithynia  and  Cappado'cia, 
dethroned  by  Mithridates,  but  being  un- 
successful and  made  prisoner,  he  was  put 
to  death  by  Mithridates  by  molten  gold 
poured  down  his  throat. 

In  hell,  the  avaricious  are  punished  in 
the  same  way,  according  to  the  Shep- 
hearde's  Calendar. 

And  ladles  full  of  melted  gold 
Were  poured  adown  their  throats. 

The  Demi  Mans  Song  (1579). 

Gol'demar  (King),  a  house-spirit, 
sometimes  called  king  Vollmar.  He 
lived  three  years  with  Neveling  von 
Hardenberg,  on  the  Hardenstein  at  the 
Ruhr,  and  the  chamber  in  which  he  lived 
is  still  called  Vollmar's  chamber.  This 
house-spirit,  though  sensible  to  the  touch, 
was  invisible.  It  played  beautifully  on 
the  harp,  talked  freely,  revealed  secrets, 
and  played  dice.  One  day,  a  person  de- 
termined to  discover  its  whereabouts, 
but  Goldemar  cut  him  to  pieces  and 
cooked  the  different  parts.  Never  after 
this  was  there  any  trace  of  the  spirit. 
The  roasted  fragments  disappeared  in  the 
Lorrain  war  in  1G51,  but  the  pot  in  which 
the  man's  head  was  boiled  was  built  into 
the  kitchen  wall  of  Neveling  von  Harden- 
berg, where  it  remains  to  this  day. — Von 
Steinen,  German  Mythology,  All. 

Golden  Ass  ( The),  a  romance  in 
Latin  by  Apule'ius  (4  syl.).  It  is  the 
adventures  of  Lucian,  a  young  man  who 
had  been  transformed  into  an  ass  but  still 
retained  his  human  consciousness.  It 
tells  us  the  miseries  which  he  suffered  at 
the  hands  of  robbers,  eunuchs,  magis- 
trates, and  so  on,  till  the  time  came  for 
hini  to  resume  his  proper  form.  It  is 
full  of  wit,  racy  humour,  and  rich  fancy, 
and  contains  the  exquisite  episode  (f 
Cupid  and  Psy'chc  (bks.  iv.,  v.,  vi.). 


(This  very  famous  satire,  together  with 
the  Aslnus  of  Lucian,  was  founded  on  a 
satire  of  the  same  name  by  Lucius  of 
Patrse,  and  has  been  imitated  in  modern 
times  by  Niccolo  Machiavelli.  T.  Taylor, 
in  1822,  published  a  translation  of  the 
Aureus  Asinus ;  and  sir  G.  Head,  in  1851. 
Laf  ontaine  has  an  imitation  of  the  episode ; 
and  Mrs.  Tighe  turned  it  into  Spenserian 
verse  in  1805.) 

%*  Boccaccio  has  borrowed  largely 
from  The  Golden  Ass,  and  the  incidents 
of  the  robbers  in  Gil  Bias  are  taken  from 
it. 

Golden  Dragon  of  Bruges  (The). 
The  golden  dragon  was  taken  in  one  of 
the  crusades  from  the  church  of  St.  Sophia 
at  Constantinople,  and  placed  on  the  belfry 
of  Bruges,  but  Philip  van  Artevelde  (2 
syl.)  transported  it  to  Ghent,  where  it 
still  adorns  the  belfry. 

Saw  great  Artevelde  victorious  scale  the  Golden  Dragon's 
nest. 

Longfellow,  The  Belfry  of  Bruges. 

Golden  Fleece  (The),  the  fleece  of 
the  ram  which  transported  Phryxos  to 
Colchis.  When  Phryxos  arrived  there, 
he  sacrificed  the  ram  and  gave  the  fleece 
to  king  /Eett's,  who  hung  it  on  a  sacred 
oak.  It  was  stolen  by  Jason,  in  his 
"  Argonautic  expedition." 

The  Golden  Fleece  of  the  North.  For 
and  peltry  of  Siberia  is  so  called. 

Golden  Fountain  (The),  a  fountain 
which  in  twenty-four  hours  would  convert 
any  metal  or  mineral  into  gold. — R.  John 
son,  The  Seven  Champions  of  Christendom, 
ii.  4  (1617). 

Golden  Gate  of  Constantinople, 
added  by  Theodosius  to  Constantine's 
wall.  It  consists  of  a  triumphal  arch, 
surmounted  with  a  bronze  statue  of 
Victory.  The  gate  is  amply  decorated 
with  gilt  ornaments  and  inscriptions. — 
See  Count  Hobert  of  Paris,  ii.,  %y  sir  W. 
Scott. 

Golden  Horn  (The),  the  inlet  of 
the  Bosphorus  on  which  Constantinople 
stands  ;  so  called  from  its  shape  and 
beauty. 

Golden  Legends  (The),  a  collectioL 
of  hagiology,  made  in  the  thirteenth 
century  by  James  de  Voragine,  a  Domini- 
can. The  legends  consist  of  177  sections, 
each  of  which  is  devoted  to  a  particular 
saint  or  festival,  arranged  in  the  order  of 
the  calendar. 

Golden    Mouth,    St.    Chry Boston 


GOLD! 


898 


(847—407).      The    name    is    the    I 
ckrusos  old  mouth." 

Gol'  difornia,  in 

North  An;' 

Gold' -n  Btream  (The),  Joannes  Da- 
■no 

Goldeiutoxisoed  (!*•),  Bt  Petei 

of    Ravenna  (Mir    <•< jiii %'jil«-iit 

ii  a  free  translation  of  the  Greek  eary- 

tol'vjos  {fikriUOt  /o;/cii,  "gold  diaCOUl 

Golden  Valley  {The),  the  eastern 
portion  of  Limerick j  so  called  from  its 
great  fertility. 

Golden  Water  ( The).  One  drop  of 
this  water  dropped  into  the  basis  ox  a 

fountain  would   lill   it,  and  then  throw  ii|i 

juisite  de»  i 
called  "golden"  because  the  water  looked 
like  liquid  gold.  -/Ate  ("The 

'1  wo  Bisters,'1  the  last  tale). 

•#*  In  Chery  omd  Fbnrst  ir,  by  the 
oo m trann  D'Aunoy,  t!i<'  "golden  water" 

is  called  "the  dancini;  water." 

Goldfinch  (Charlet),  a  vulgar,  horsy 
fellow,  impudent  and  insolent  in  manner, 
who  tl i rt m  with  Widow  Warren,  and  eon- 

■pirea    With    her    and    the    .lew    Silky    to 

\    Mr.  Warren's  will.      By  this  will 

the  widow   'vas   left  £600  B  \e:ir,  but  the 

hulk  of  the  property  went  to  Jack  llilford 

hil  natural  son,  and  Sophia   Freelove  the 
daughter  of   Widow   W arten   hy  a  former 

marriage.     [8*  >■  Bi  iole.) 

- 

.ail— llukrufl.  TKt  /.'...iJ  it,  l.u.n.  ii    : 

Goldiebird.s 
air  Arthur  Wardour. — Sir  W.  Scott,   Tkt 
Antiquary  (tune,  George  111.). 

Gold-mino    ('/'/.<■)    or    Miller   of 
,oble,    a    drama    by    K.    Stirling 
r  the  plot,  see  Simon.  I 

Gold-mino     of    Europe 

I  van  is   «:i-  died  ;    but 

the  supply  of  gold  obtained  therefrom 
has  now  very  greatly  dimini 

Gold-minos  1 1  werful, 

handsome  prune,  who  «  ti  just  about  to 
marry  the  princess  All-fair,  when  : 
Dwarf  claimed  lor  as  his  betroth* 
;   her  to  Steel  '  a  I  le 

rat.     A  g 1  lyrao   i:a\<'  the   betrothed 

I  diamond  sw  ord  I 
ranee  ;   hul 

«»rl.     In  a 
■    I 
%n.l   il  1    • 


both  changed  into  I 
■ 
DwarJ 

Gold-purse   of  Spain.    Andalu'- 

which  i  its  chief  wea  -.h. 

Goldsmith    I 

■ 

Wl.o  wiuU  Uka  m  ku*«l.  i..d   tkiknl 

Q     I    .  '  .   C/.Vr.  J.),  one  of    ' 
■lyms    adi  ;    • 
Phillips,    in    i 
Some  other  of  hi 

Rev.  David  Blair,  James  Adair,  I. 
Clarke. 
for  educational  French  books. 

Goldsmith's  Monument,  in 
•  r  Ahbey,  is  by  N 

Gold'thred  1 1 
Cumnor  Place      Sir  W.Scott    Ken 
(tune,  Elizalx  th). 

Gold'y.    <  diver    Goldsmith    was    so 

called  by  Dr.  Johnson  |  I 

Gol'potha  (" 

Binall    • 

aalem,    win  re  enminala  were  e>. 
in  poetry  to  signify  a  battle-l 
:  great  slau| 

I  UMf  mcanl  lo  \»;}.r  In  risking  iwiS. 
Shftkoi-carr.  J. a^  Mi.irilr   I     ■  - 

*,*  In  the  Ui  ty  of  i'mi 

the  dons'  gallery  in  (ireat  Si    v 

called 

the  ooUegea  sit  U 

mple     Kir. 
London  ;  so  calli 

traitor 

IS  was 
not  clone  from  an;. 

but    simply   to   a  •    as  a 

warning  to  eril-d  >r  was 

I  away  from  the  Strut.  . 

■ 

I 

1  I  ' 

He    was    in    love    with    1 
I 

..  illiam 

Goi:.  i  ,  .  '    giant, 


GOMEZ. 


394 


GOOD  REGENT. 


•lain  by  Canu'tus  one  of  the  companions 
of  Brute.     (See  Go'kmot.) 

Since  Gomer's  giant  brood  Inhabited  this  Isle. 

Drayton,  l'olyolbion,  liv.  (1613). 

Gomez,  a  rich  banker,  60  years  of 
age,  married  to  Elvi'ra,  a  young  wife. 
He  is  mean,  covetous,  and  jealous. 
Elvi'ra  has  a  liaison  with  colonel  Lo- 
renzo, which  Dominick,  her  father  con- 
fessor, aids  and  abets;  but  the  amour  fa 
constantly  thwarted,  and  it  turns  out  that 
Lorenzo  and  Elvira  are  brother  and  sister. 
— Dryden,  The  Spanish  Fryar  (1680). 

Gon'dibert  (Duke),  of  the  royal  line 
of  Lombardy.  Prince  Oswald  of  Yen  ma, 
out  of  jealousy,  stirs  up  a  faction  fight 
against  him,  which  is  limited  by  agree- 
ment to  four  combatants  on  each  side. 
Oswald  is  slain  by  Gondibert,  and  Gon- 
dibert  is  cured  of  his  wounds  by  lord 
As'tragon,  a  philosopher  and  sage. 
Rhodalind,  the  only  child  of  Aribert 
king  of  Lombardy,  is  in  love  with  Gondi- 
bert, and  Aribert  hopes  that  he  will 
become  his  son-in-law  and  heir,  but 
(iondibert  is  betrothed  to  Birtha.  One 
day,  while  walking  with  his  affianced 
Birtha,  a  messenger  from  the  king  comes 
post  haste  to  tell  him  that  Aribert  had 
publicly  proclaimed  him  his  heir,  and 
that  Rhodalind  was  to  be  his  bride,  (ion- 
dibert still  told  Birtha  he  would  remain 
true  to  her,  and  gave  her  an  emerald 
ring,  which  would  turn  pale  if  his  love 
declined.  As  the  tale  was  never  finished, 
the  sequel  cannot  be  given. — Sir  \V. 
Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Gon'eril,  eldest  daughter  of  king 
Lear,  and  wife  of  the  duke  of  Albany. 
She  treated  her  aged  father  with  such 
scant  courtesy,  that  he  could  not  live 
under  her  roof ;  and  she  induced  her 
sister  Began  to  follow  her  example. 
Subsequently,  both  the  sisters  fell  in  love 
with  Edmund,  natural  son  of  the  earl  of 
Gloucester,  whom  Began  designed  to 
marry  when  she  became  a  widow. 
Goneril,  out  of  jealousy,  now  poisoned 
her  sister,  and  "  after  slew  herself." 
Her  name  is  proverbial  for  "  filial  in- 
gratitude." —  Shakespeare,  King  Lear 
(1605). 

Gonin,  a  buffoon  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  who  acquired  great  renown  for 
his  clever  tricks,  and  gave  rise  to  the 
French  phrase,  Un  tour  de  maitre  Gonin 
("a  trick  of  Master  Gonin's "). 

Gormella,  domestic  jester  to  the 
margrave  Nicolo  d'Este,  and  to  his  son 


Borso  duke  of  Ferrara.  The  horse  ha 
rode  on  was  ossa  atque  pellis  totus,  and, 
like  Rosinant -,  has  become  proverbial 
Gonnella's  jests  were  printed  in  1506. 

Gonsalez  [Gon.zalley'],  Fernan  Gon- 
salez  or  Gonsalvo,  a  Spanish  hero  of  the 
tenth  century,  whose  life  was  twice  saved 
by  his  wife  Sancha.  His  adventures  have 
given  birth  to  a  host  of  ballads. 

(There  was  a  Hernandez  Gonsalvo  of 
Ccrd6va,  called  "The  Great  Captain" 
(1443-1515),  to  whom  some  of  the  ballads 
refer,  and  this  is  the  hero  of  Florian's 
historical  novel  entitled  Gonzalve  de  Cor- 
doue  (1791),  borrowed  from  the  Spanish 
romance  called  The  Civil  Wars  of  Gra- 
nada, by  Ginee  Perez  de  la  Hita.) 

Gonza'lo,  an  honest  old  counsellor 
of  Alonso  king  of  Naples. — Shakespeare, 
The  Tempest  (1609). 

Gonza'lo,  an  ambitious  but  politic  lord 
of  Venice. — Beaumont  end  Fletcher,  The 
Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Good  Earl  (The),  Archibald  eighth 
earl  of  Angus,  who  died  in  1588. 

Good  Even,  Good  Robin  Hood ! 
civility  extorted  by  fear,  as  "Good  Mr. 
Highwayman,  good  gentlemen'"  of  Mrs. 
Hardcastle  in  her  terror. 

Clapping  his  rod  on  the  horde. 
No  man  dare  utter  a  word  .  .  . 
He  [  Woltey]  said,  "How  say  ye,  my  lordas  f  *  .  .  . 
Good  even,  good  Robin  Hood. 
Skelton,  Why  Came  ye  not  to  Couril  (died  1619). 

Good  Hope  (Cape  of).  When  Bar- 
tholomew Diaz  first  discovered  this  cape, 
in  1497,  he  called  it  "The  Cape  of 
Storms"  (Cabo  Tonnentoso) ;  but  John 
II.  king  of  Portugal  changed  the  name 
to  that  of  "  Good  Hope." 

The  Euxine  Sea  (i.e.  "the  hospitable 
sea")  was  first  called  "  The  Axine  Sea" 
("  the  inhospitable"), from  the  terrorwith 
which  itwas  viewed  by  the  early  Greeks; 
but  it  was  subsequently  called  by  the 
more  courteous  name.  However,  the  older 
name  is  the  one  which  now  generally 
prevails ;  thus  we  call  it  in  English 
"The  Black  Sea,"  and  the  Turks, 
Greeks,  and  Russians  call  it  inhospitable, 
and  not  hospitable. 

Good  Man  (.4).  Count  Cassel  says, 
"  In  Italy  a  good  man  means  a  religious 
one,  in  France  a  cheerful  one,  in  Spain  a 
wise  one,  and  in  England  a  rich  one." — 
Inchbald,  Lovers'  Vows,  ii.  2  (1800).  I 

Good  Regent  (The),  James  Stuart, 
earl  of  Murray,  regent  of  Scotland  aftei 
the  imprisonment  of  queen  Mary.  (Bora 
1533,  regent  1567,  assassinated  1570.) 


GOODKKI.I.oW. 


996 


(ioi;i;<jl)UC. 


Qoodfellow  (22o6m),  son  of  king 
i  >i •••rt .n.    When  n 

mischievous  that  his  mother  threatened 
to  whip  him,  and  ho  run  away  ;  but  full- 
ing asleep,  Ma  father  told  him  he  should 

have  anything  he  wished  for,  with  power 
to  turn  himself  into  any  shape,  so  long 
as  he  did  harm  to  none  but  knaves  and 
soeans. 

.     IIU  first  exploit  in  to  turn  himself  Into  ft  hor>e,  to 

punish  h  rhurl.  whom  he  oonveye»l  Into  ft  mr.ii 

water  ftinl  lafl  Uiere.  laughing,  a*  he  Hew  off.  "  HO,   bo, 

*..  I"    ll. •  afterwards  went  i"  »  farmhouse.  >ml  taking  a 
nei.y  i.i  Um  Bald,  d.«<  li.-r  work  during  the  night    The 
maid,  watching  him.  ami  otm-rvn.,'  bim   rather  b«rc  of 
eloUMft,  prorlde*  him  with  gartnei 
hughlng  "  Ho,  bo.  hoi"    I 

id  ft  put]  "(  i.i.  -rr>  milkers,  and 
having  misled  then  all  night,  he  haft  them  ftt  daybreak. 
with   a    "  II.).    ho.   hoi"      At    another    time.    -  I 

fallow  ill. using  ft  maiden,  he  changed  him  elf  Into  >  hare, 
ran  between  hU  legs,  and  than  (foiling  into  a  hone, 
tossed  him  Into  a  hedge,  laughing  "Ho.  ho,  hoi**— Tha 
II  Id  fWftU  and  Merry  JctU  of  Uvbin  UooJ/elloie  (1MU). 
(Percy  Society.  1>»1). 

Goodfcllow  (Robin),  a  general  name 
for  any  domestic  spirit,  as  imp,  urchin, 
clve,  hag,  fay,  Kit-wi'-the-e.m'stiek, 
ij>oorn,  man-i'-tho-ouk.  Puck,  hobgoblin, 
.Tom-tumbler,  bug,  bogie,  Jack-o'-lantern, 
Friar's  lantern,  Will-o'-the-wisp,  Ariel, 
nixie,  kelpie,  etc.,  etc. 

A  bigger  kind  than  theae  German  koboliU  ti  that 
culled  with  us  Robin  Goodfellowj.  thai  would  In  tlioee 
•  iii  times  grind  corn  f..r  a  mess  of  milk,  cut 
wu-kI.  or  do  »ny  manner  of  drudgery  w  rk.  . 
have  serersl  name*  .  .  .  but  we  commonly  call  Uictii 
Pucks.— liurtou.  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,  47. 

%*  The  Goodfollows,  being  very  nu- 
merous, can  hardly  be  the  same  as  Robin 
eon  o*  Oberon,  but  eeem  to  obtain  the 
Dame  because  their  character  was  rdmilar, 
and,  indeed,  Oberon'fl  son  must  be  in- 
cluded in  the  generic  name. 

Goodman  of  Ballengeich,  the 
aaramed  name  of  Jami  itland 

when    he    made    his    disguised 
through   the  districts  round  Edinburgh 
and  Stirling. 

*„*     llaroun-al-IJaschid,     Louis     XI., 
'."  etc.,  made  similar 
!i  disguise,  for  the  sake  oi  obtain- 
ing  information  by  personal  inspection! 

Goodman's   Fiolda,  Whiteehapel, 
.     8o  called  from  a  I 
of  the  name  of  Goodman. 

Al  this  ,|  man, 

ft   ha'p'or 
tdnts  In 
kin*   an 
was  U.s 
■all-  -Blow.  Aarsw*  «/  London  (ISaeU. 

Good  lii.in     Grist,    tlio     milhr,    a 
friend  of  the  smugglers.     Sir  \Y.  Scott, 
utflet  (time,  rgo  III.). 


Goodricko  (-»/>.),  a  catholic  priest 
at  Middlemas.— Sir  w.  Beott,  77«r  intr- 
/'  twj/iU-r  (•  II. J. 

Goodsiro  (Johnnie),  a  wearer,  near 
Charles  i    Hop     fat         -  -    W.     - 
Guy  Mttmnering  c  II.). 

Goodwill,  a  man 
£10,000  by  trade,  and  ■ 
daughter  Lucy  in  man  of  his 

relations,  in  order  to  ki  ney  in 

the  family;    but   Lucy  would  n..t  have 

any  one  of  tin}  ! bies,  snd 

1  of  a  strapping  footman.    I 
will  hud  the  good  ■ 
choice. — Fielding,  Tnc  Virgm  L'n  . 

Goody  Blake,  a  poor  old  woman 
1  By  Harry  (iill  picking  up  sticks 
from  his  farm-land, 
pelled  lier  to  leave  them,  an  I 
to  punish  her  for  fares]  Goody  Blake 

turned    on    the    lusty  yeoman,  and    said 
never  bom  that  moment  should  he  know 
the  bleating  of  warmth  ;  and  sure  a 
neither   clothing,    lire,    n..r    summer    sun 
ever  did  make  him  warm  again. 

'.  to  any  aTatd  he  utters, 
A-t-e-l  or  uji.  t..  .■■img  or  old  1 
But  ever  to  hlmaalf  be  mutters, 
'■  1-     M  II  IITJ  Q 
Wordsworth,  Ooou>  make  arid  Harry  GiV  fl7B8» 

Goody  Palsgrave,  a  name  of  con- 
tempt given  to  Frederick  V.  elector  pala- 
tine,     lie  is  also  culled  the  "  Snow  lung " 
and  the  "  Winter  Km.', 
testanta  made  him  ki:;  nit  ic 

the  autumn  of   1619,  and  he  \v;is  set  aside 

in  the  sutoni 

Goody  Two-shoos,  s  nursery  talo 
supposed   t"   be    bj    0  nnith, 

written  in   1765  for  New bery,  St.  Paul's 
Cburehj  ard. 

Gooao   Gibbio,  a   half-witted   lad, 

•rusted    t.. 

but  efterwards  "advanced  I 
important  office  oi   mil 

Sn  w  .  -  . 

II. . 

Goosoy      Goderioh, 
Robinson,  i 

for  his  in- 
capacity   as  a  su 

Goi 

king,  a    o  had 
.    .   I 
s  en  by  his  brother  out  of  the  king- 

ind  on  att.  ■ 

'  v   ! i im  and 


GORBODUC. 


396 


GORMAL. 


llain.  SoonaftcTwards,Porrexhimselfwas 
murdered  in  his  bed  by  his  own  mother, 
Widen,  who  loved  Fcrrex  tb*  better. — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  ii.  16  (1142). 

And  Gorbogud,  till  far  In  years  he  grew ; 
When  his  ambitious  sonnes  unto  them  twayne 
Arraught  tlie  rule,  and  from  their  father  drew; 
trtout  Ferrex  and  stout  Porrex  him  In  prison  threw. 

But  oh  !  the  greedy  thirst  of  royall  crowne  ... 
Btird  Porrex  up  to  put  his  brother  downe; 
Who  unto  him  assembling  forreigne  might. 
Made  warre  on  him,  and  fell  himself  in  fight ; 
Whose  death  f  avenge,  his  mother,  mercilusse 
(Most  mcrcilesse  of  women,  Wyden  hight), 
Her  other  Sonne  but  sleeping  did  oppresse, 
4nd  with  most  cruell  hand  him  murdred  pitiless*. 

Spenser,  Fairy  queen,  ii.  10,  34,  35  (lKJO). 

Gorboduc,  the  first  historical  play  in 
the  language.  The  first  three  acts  by 
Thomas  Norton,  and  the  last  two  by 
Thomas  Sackville  afterwards  lord  Buck- 
hurst  (1562).  It  is  further  remarkable 
as  being  the  father  of  Iambic  ten-syllable 
blank  verse. 

Tho9e  who  last  did  tug 
In  worse  than  civil  war,  the  sons  of  Gorbodug. 
Drayton,  l'olyolbicm,  viii.  (1618). 

Gor'briae,  lord-protector  of  Ibe'ria, 
and  father  of  king  Arba'ces  (3  syl.). — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  King  or  No 
King  (1611). 

Gor'dius,  a  Phrygian  peasant,  chosen 
by  the  Phrygians  for  their  king.  He 
consecrated  to  Jupiter  his  waggon,  and 
tied  the  yoke  to  the  draught-tree  so  art- 
fully that  the  ends  of  the  cord  could  not 
be  discovered.  A  rumour  spread  abroad 
that  he  who  untied  this  knot  would  be 
king  of  Asia,  and  when  Alexander  the 
Great  was  shown  it,  he  cut  it  with  his 
sword,  saying,  "It  is  thus  we  loose  our 
knots." 

Gordon  (The  Rev,  Mr.),  chaplain  in 
Cromwell's  troop. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Gordon  (Lord  George),  leader  of  the 
■'  No  Popery  riots  "  of  1779.  Half  mad, 
hut  really  well-intentioned,  he  counte- 
nanced the  most  revolting  deeds,  urged 
on  by  his  secretary  Gashford.  Lord 
George  Gordon  died  in  jail,  1793. — C. 
Dickens,  Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Gordo'nius  or  Gordon  (Bernard), 
a  noted  physician  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury in  the  Rouergue  (France),  author  of 
Lilium  MedicintB,  de  Morborum  prope 
Lnnnium  Curatione,  septem  Particulis  LHs- 
tributum  (Naples,  1480). 

And  has  Gordonius  "  the  divine," 
In  bis  famous  Lily  of  Medicine  .  .  . 
Mo  remedy  potent  enough  to  restore  yon  t 

Longfellow,  J  he  VohUm  Legend. 


Gor'gibus,  an  honest,  simple-'minded 
citizen  of  middle  life,  father  of  Madron 
and  uncle  of  Cathos.  The  two  girls  have 
had  their  heads  turned  by  novels,  b»t  are 
taught  by  a  harmless  trick  to  discern 
between  the  easy  manners  of  a  gentle- 
man and  the  vulgar  pretensions  of  a 
laokev.— Molicre,  Les  Pre'cieuses  Bidi- 
cules  (1659). 

GorgSms,  father  of  Celie.  He  is  a  head- 
strong, unreasonable  old  man,  who  tells 
his  daughter  that  she  is  for  ever  reading 
novels,  and  filling  her  mind  with  ridiculous 
notions  about  love.  "  Vous  parlez  de  Dicu 
bicn  moins  que  de  Lelie,"  he  says,  and 
insists  on  her  giving  up  Lelie  for  Valere, 
saying,  "  S'il  ne  Test  amant,  il  le  sera 
mari,"  and  adds,  "  L' amour  est  eouvent  un 
fruit  du  manage." 

Jetez-moi    dans  le    feu    tous  cee    mechanU    ecrit    [Le. 

rvwujfiewj 
Qui  gatent  Urns  les  Jours  tant  de  jeunes  esprits; 
Lisez  moi,  comme  il  faut,  au  lieu  de  ces  sornettea, 
Im  (/aatraim  de  Pibrac,  et  les  doctes  Tablrttei 
Du  conseiller  Matthieu  ;  l'ouvrage  est  de  valeur, 
Et  pein  do  beaux  dictons  a  reciter  par  cceur. 

Moliere,  SganareUe{\86(1\ 

Gorlois  (3  syl.),  said  by  some  to  be 
the  father  of  king  Arthur.  He  was  lord 
of  Tintag'il  Castle,  in  Cornwall ;  his  wife 
was  Igrayne  (3  syl.)  or  Igerna,  and  one 
of  his  daughters  (Bellicent)  was,  accord- 
ing to  some  authorities,  the  wife  of  Lot 
king  of  Orkney. 

%*  Gorlois"  was  not  the  father  of 
Arthur,  although  his  wife  (Igerna  or 
Igrayne)  was  his  mother. 

Then  all  the  kings  asked  Merlin,  "For  what  cause  is  that 
beardless  boy  Arthur  made  king  f  "  "  Sirs."  said  Merlin, 
"because  he  is  king  Uther'sson,  horn  in  wedlock.  .  .  . 
More  than  three  hours  after  the  death  of  Gorlois,  did  thi 
king  wed  the  fair  Igrayne."— Malory,  Bittory  of  Prince 
Arthur.  1.  i.  G  (1470). 

[Uther]  was  sorry  for  the  death  of  Gorlois,  but  re- 
joiced that  Igerna  was  now  at  liberty  to  marry  again  .  . 
they  continued  to  live  together  with  much  affection,  and 
had  a  son  and  daughter,  whose  names  were  Arthur  and 
Anne. — Geoffrey.  HrilUh  History,  '"•  2u  (1142). 

%*  It  is  quite  impossible  to  reconcile 
the  contradictory  accounts  of  Arthur's 
sister  and  Lot's  wife.  Tennyson  says 
Bellicent,  but  the  tales  compiled  by  air 
T.  Malory  all  give  Margause.  Thus  iu 
La  Mort  d' Arthur,  i.  2,  we  read  :  "  King 
Lot  of  Lothan  and  of  Orkeney  wedded 
Margawse  [Arthur's  sister]"  (pt.  i.  36), 
"whose  sons  were  Gawaine,  Agravaine, 
Gaheris,  and  Gareth ; "  but  Tennyson 
says  Gareth  was  "  the  last  tall  son  of  Lot 
and  Bellicent." 

Gor'mal,  the  mountain  range  of 
Sevo. 

Her  arm  was  white  like  Gormal's  mow;  her  boson 
whiter  than  the  io:un  of  Uie  main  when  roll  the  wavei 
beneath   the   wrath  of  wind*,— Fragment  a/  a    Horn* 

Tale. 


GOSH. 

Gosh,     the      Right      Ron, 
Arbuthnot,  the  n 

of  the  duke  i>f  Wellington,  With  Whom 
he  til 

Gosling    (02n),    landlord    of    the 
1       k  Hear  inn.  dmi  Cumnor  Place. 
Ffiw,  daughb 

rM  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Gospel  Doctor  (The),  John  Wy- 

- 

Gospel  of  tho  Golden  Rule,  "Do 
ea  you  would  be  dose  by,"  or  " 
would  that  men  should  do  t«i  you,  'l"  ye 

alsc  to  them." — /.-'.<■  vi.  ;;i. 

Hi-  prriwhnl  In  nU  men  crcrjrwlicrt 

Luiiiifnlluw.   IKt  it  .i»na«  ;nn  (prelude). 

Gospeller  ('At*  flbfl,  I>r.  k.  Borneo, 
burnt  at  Bmithneld,  1640. 

Gos'samor     (i.e.    >  urn    or 

thread).  The  legend  ia  that  goaaamer  i* 
the  mrellingi  of  the  Virgin  Ifary'a 
winding-eheet,  which  fell  away  on  her 

ascension  into  heaTOn. 

Gossips  (1'rince  of).  Bamuel  Pepya, 
imenc- 
ing  Jannary  l,  1669,  and  continued  f"r 
nine  j  i  I  «"03). 

Goswin,  a  rich  merchant  of  Bl 
who  is  iu  realitj  i  of  <  lerrard 

king  of  the  beggars,    Biamiatri 

ppoeed  daughter  of  Vandunke  the 
burgomaster  of  Bruges,  is  in  reality  the 
daughter    of    the    auk 
Beaumont    imd    Fletcher,    1 
.  i  1622). 

Goths  (The  la  R  deriek,  the 

thirty-fourth   of    the  Viaigothic   line  of 

in    Spain,     He    waa    the    ion  of 

'         iva,  who  had  hia  eyea  put  out  by 

I  ing  of  the  '• 
npoa  Roderick  roae  against  Viti 
dethroned    him  ;   but    :  id   ad- 

herenta  of  v> 

!  .ink    with 

and  Roderick  waa  alain  at  I 

i.  711. 
*.•  Bouthey  baa  an 

i.i.silla"  to    I 

Gothlnnd  01  Gottlnnd,  an 
ealled  "  1  be  eye  of  the  Baltic.     ( 1< 

nmouth  aayathat  when 
hail  added  Inland  to  hia  dominions,  he 
mi!i-<i  to  loelan  I,  wl  ich  he  subdued,  nnil 
Uion  both  "  Doldatr'ua  king 


QRAAF. 

"kn^yi 
TOluntl  J     tnliuUtne»." — 

. 

i   <«aln  thU  c.n>,uerur  nukr*.h  forth  .  .  . 
Wbere  loeUn  1  r.r»;  be  •in    ui  i  (Vkt.e,.  »J'ei  .-  .t 

Got  •  I  cottage  I  .  • 

with  whom   prim  ••   H<  ory 
went  to  lii  ■  •»•»«  struck 

volunteered  t"  sa 

cure  of  the  prince,    and    was    ultin 

I  to  bun.-  nartmann  ron  d«  r  Ana 
Ifth   centur 

i 

Gour'lay  (AUshU-),  a  pr  •• 
i  r.  —Sir  ^ 

(time,  GeOfgC  111.). 

I 

Sir    w  . 

illiam  111.  . 

Gourm.i. 

The  d  'Jornuu.  for  it.  eery  nreilmr*. 

•ruure  of  the  French  AcaOetaj.— 4U  W. 

wa 

Go'vornale 
and  than  the  attendant  man  de 

[ionta, 

Gk>w 

, 

Sir    W  .  tlll"S 

111.). 

r    Hkm-.y    9 

oalled  ■!'>"  »'»'  "  l'*1 

\\\  u.l, "the   armourer.     Suitor  of   Oe- 

tharini 

whom   he 

I v  .  . 

Gowk  EM 

cuck 
II.  D 

m 

Gowk-thrapi 

\. 

II.). 

A  men  of  t.+rm.  n>- 

....»•:  a 

:.,le. 


I 


r 


t\  w».<  a 

naassj 

eculation,  t'»t  an  annr 

2     into    th* 


GRAAL. 


31*8  GRACE-BE-I1EKE  HUMGUDGEON. 


castle,  fell  on  the  old  baron,  worried  hi  in 
to  death,  and  then  devoured  him.  (See 
Hatto.) 

Graal  (Saint)  or  St.  Greal  is 
generally  said  to  be  the  vessel  or  platter 
used  by  Christ  at  the  last  supper,  in 
which  Joseph  of  Arimathea  caught  the 
b'ood  of  the  cruciried  Christ.  In  all 
descriptions  of  it  in  the  Arthurian 
romances,  it  is  simply  the  visible  "  pre- 
•once"  of  Christ,  or  realization  of  the 
papistic  notion  that  the  wafer,  after 
consecration,  is  changed  into  the  very 
body  of  the  Saviour,  and  when  sir  Gala- 
had  "achieved  the  quest  of  the  holy 
graal,"  all  that  is  meant  is  that  he  saw 
with  his  bodily  eyes  the  visible  Saviour 
into  which  the  holy  wafer  had  been 
transmuted. 

Then  the  bishop  took  a  wafer,  which  wu  made  In  Die 

llkaii—ot  bread,  end  at  the  lifting  up  I" 

tAWaont]  tram  came  a  figure  in  the  likeness  of  a  child. 

anil  the  vltngo  was  an  red  and  a*  bright  as  lire,  and  ha  noM 

h  im  ell  ml"    Hint   I. nail:  »,  Hit-)  Mm  th.it  tin 

brmad  of  a  fleshly  man,  ami  then  he  put  il  into  the  holy 

Teasel   attain  .  .  .  than  [la*  MafcOB)]  tool  the  I 

and  came  to  sir  Galuhad  as  he  kneeled  down,  and  there 

he  received  his  Saviour.— Pt  UL  101.  102. 

King  I'elles  and  sir  Launcelot  caught 
a  sight  of  the  St.  Graal  ;  but  did  Dot 
"achieve  it,"  like  Galahad. 

When  Uiejr  went  Into  the  castle  to  take  their  repast .  .  . 
there  came  a  dovo  to  the  window,  and  In  Itn  hill  was  a 
little  censer  of  gold,  and  than  withall  was  such  a  savor  as 
If  tdl  the  spicery  of  the  world  hail  DM0  than  .  ■  ■  and  a 
damsel,  passing  fair,  bare  a  vessel  "I  boM  hetween  bat 
lunula,  and  Uierelo  the  king  kneeled  dcvnutly  and  said  his 
prayers..  .  .  "  Oh  mercy  I  "  said  sir  tauu  .  iat,  "  »h  it  imiv 

this  mi  I"  .   .  .  "This."  said  the  king.    "Is  the  ho.) 

Buncgreall  which  ye  have  seen." — I't.  in.  t, 

When  sir  I?ors  de  Ganis  went  to  Corbin, 
and  saw  Galahad  the  son  of  sir  Lann- 
celot,  he  prayed  that  the  boy  might  prove 
as  good  a  knight  as  his  father,  and 
instantly  the  white  dove  came  with  the 
golden  censer,  and  the  damsel  bearing 
the  Bancgraal,  and  told  sir  Bon  that 
Galahad  would  prove  a  better  knight  than 
his  father,  ami  would  "achieve  the  Sanc- 
grcall ; "  then  both  dove  and  damsel 
vanished. — I't.  iii.  1. 

Sir  l'crcival,  the  son  of  sir  Pellinore 
king  of  Wales,  after  his  combat  with  sir 
Ector  tie  Maris  (brother  of  sir  Launcelot) 
caught  a  sight  of  the  holy  graal,  and 
both  were  cured  of  their  wounds  thereby. 
Like  sir  Bors,  he  was  with  sir  Galahad 
when  the  quest  was  achieved  (pt.  iii.  14). 
Sir  Launcelot  was  also  miraculously 
cured  in  the  same  way  (pt.  iii.  18). 

King  Arthur,  the  queen,  and  all  the 
150  knights  saw  the  holy  graal  as  they 
sat  at  supper  when  Galahad  was  received 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Hound  Table  : 

Pint  they  heard  a  crackling  and  crying  of  thunder  .  .  . 


and  In  the  midst  of  the  blast  entered  a  sun-beam  mora 
clear  by  seven  times  than  ever  they  saw  day,  and  all  war* 
lighted  of  the  grace  of  the  Holy  Ghost .  .  .  then  there 
entered  the  hall  the  holy  greal  [coiuecrai&i  bread* 
covered  with  white  samite  ;  but  none  might  see  It,  nor 
who  hare  it .  .  .  aud  when  the  holy  greal  had  been  borne 
tliro'the  hall,  the  vessel  suddenly  departed. — SirT.  Malory. 
Uittory  of  Prince  ArtMur.  111.  35  (1470). 

%*  The  chief  romances  of  the  St.  Graal 
are:  1'arceval  le  Galloia  by  Chretien  de 
Troyes,  in  verse,  and  Roman  dee  Diveree* 
Quetes  de  St.  Graal,  by  Walter  Mapes, 
in  prose,  both  written  in  the  latter  pari 
of  the  twelfth  century  ;  Titurel  or  the 
Guardian  of  ike  Holy  Graal,  by  Wolfram 
von  Eschcnbach;  The  Montana  of  Parmi- 
f'i/,  by  the  same — partly  founded  upon 
the  poem  of  Chn'tien — and  the  Life  of 
Joseph  of  Arimathia,  by  Robert  'le  Bor- 
ron,  all  belonging  to  the  early  part  of 
the  thirteenth  century  ;    ThcJ/o/y  Graal, 

by  1  in  n>  son. 

Ilelinandussays:  "  In  French  they  give  the  name  frratptl 
ni  a   large  deepisli  vessel  in  which  rich  meats 
with  their  gravy  are  served  to  the  wealthy." — VUicentiui 
BeUotacctisis.  SyecuJum  Ula.,  uiiL  147. 

We  find  in  the  churchwardens'  account 
of  Wing  (Bucks.),  1687:  "Three  Gray  lis," 
Le.  tlir.  .  called  by  the  Roman 

Catholics  oantatoria.  In  the  Athaurum 
(June  26,  1870)  we  read:  "The  Saxons 
called  a  graal  a  'graduale'  ad  te  Irvavi, 
from  the  lirst  three  words  of  the  introit 
(First  Sunday  in  Advent),  with  which  the 
codex  begins." 

Graal-burg,  a  magnificent  temple, 
surrountled  with  towers  raised  on  brazen 
pillars,  and  containing  the  holy  graal. 
It  was  founded  by  king  Titurel,  on 
mount  Salvage  in  Spain,  and  was  a  mar- 
vel nt  magnificence,  glittering  with  gold 
anil  precious  stones.. —  Wolfram  of  Eachen- 
baoh  (minnesinger),  Panioal  (thirteenth 
century). 

Graco  (Lady),  sister  of  lady  Townly, 
and  the  engaged  wife  of  Mr.  Manly. 
The  very  opposite  of  a  lady  of  fashion. 

She  says : 

"In  summer  I  could  pass  my  leisure  hours  In  reading, 
walking,  .  .  .  nr  silling  under  a  green  tree:  In  dressing, 
(lining,  chatting  with  an  agreeable  friers!'  ;  i*-rha|H 
hearing  a  little  nutate,  taking  a  dteh  Of  tea.  or  a  game  at 
cards  ;  managing  my  family,  looking  Into  its  accounts, 
playing  with  my  children  .  .  or  in  a  Uiousaud  other 
In u. Kant  amusement-."— Vonbrugh  and  Cibber,  raefre- 
eosad  lliubaiui.  iii.  (17381. 

"No  person,"  savi  George  Colman,    "has  ever  more 

.  rj  i  erf.irui.nl  tht-fli-gnutlevlttcsof 'IndyTownly 

upon  the  stage,  ,>r  mora  happily  practised  the  sjntarao 

virtues  of '  lady  Grace '  In  the  circles  of  society,  than  alias 

Fan  en  (the  countess  of  Derby.  l"6W-lSi»)." 

Grace-be-here  Humgudgeon,  s 
corporal  in  Cromwell's  troop. — Sir  W. 
s.-.itt.  Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 


GRACE  WAS  IN  ALL  HER  STEPS.   899 


GRAMMAR. 


Grace  was  in  all  Her  Step3. 
Adam  says  of  Eve  : 

Grace  was  in  all  her  steps,  heaven  In  bur  eye, 
In  evt-ry  BJBBtUN  dignity  and  love. 

Milton,  I'aradua  Lost,  vlii.  483.  etc.  (1665). 

Grace'claurch,  London,  means  the 
grass  or  tjrass  church.  It  was  built  on 
the  site  of  the  old  grass-market. 

Gracio'sa,  a  lovely  princess,  who  is 
the  object  of  a  step-mother's  most  im- 
placable hatred.  The  step-mother's  name 
is  Grognon,  and  the  tale  shows  how  all 
her  malicious  plots  are  thwarted  by  Per- 
cinet,  a  fairy  prince,  in  love  with 
Graciosa. 

Gracio'so,  the  licensed  fool  of  Span- 
ish drama.  He  has  his  coxcomb  and 
truncheon,  and  mingles  with  the  actors 
without  aiding  or  abetting  the  plot. 
Sometimes  he  transfers  his  gibes  from  the 
actors  to  the  audience,  like  our  circus 
clowns. 

Gradas'so,  king  of  Serica'na, 
"  bravest  of  the  pagan  knights."  He 
went  against  Charlemagne  with  100,000 
vassals  in  his  train,  "  all  discrowned 
kings,"  who  never  addressed  him  but  on 
their  knees. — Bojardo,  Orlando  Innamo- 
rato  (1495) ;  Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioao 
(151G). 

Grad'grind  (Thomas),  a  man  of 
facts  and  realities.  Everything  about 
him  is  square  ;  his  forehead  is  square, 
and  so  is  his  fore-finger,  with  which  he 
emphasizes  all  he  says.  Formerly  he 
was  in  the  wholesale  hardware  line.  In 
his  greatness  he  becomes  M.P.  for  Coke- 
town,  and  he  lives  at  Stone  Lodge,  a 
mile  or  so  from  town.  He  prides  him- 
self on  being  eminently  practical  ;  and 
though  not  a  bad  man  at  heart,  he  blights 
his  children  by  his  hard,  practical  way  of 
bringing  them  up. 

Mrs.  Gruil/rind,  wife  of  Thomas  Grad- 
grind.  A  little  thin  woman,  always 
taking  physic,  without  receiving  from  it 
any  benefit..  She  looks  like  an  indif- 
ferently executed  transparency  without 
light  enough  behind  the  figure.  She  is 
always  complaining,  always  peevish,  and 

dies    SOOD     alter     the     nuimage     of    her 
daughter  Louisa. 

Zbtn  Qradgrind,  son  of  the  above,  a 
sullen  young  man,  much  loved  by  bis 
lister,  and  holding  an  office  in  the  bank 
of  bis  brother-in-law,  Josiah  Bounderby. 
Tom  robs  the  bank,  and  throws  su 
on  Stephen  Black  bridge,  cue  of  the  hands 
is  Bounderby's  factory.  When  found 
out,  Tom  takes  refuge  in  the  circus  of  the 


town,  disguised  as  a  black  servant,  till 
from  England. 
Louisa  Gradgrmd,  eldest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Gradgrind,  M.P.  bhe  marries 
Josiah  Bounderby,  banker  and  mill- 
owner.  Louisa  baa  been  so  hardened  by 
her  bringing  up,  that  she  appeart 
and  indifferent  to  everything,  but  she 
dearly  loves  her  brother  Tom. — C. 
Dickens,  Bard  Time*  (1864). 

Graeme  (Roland),  heir  of  Avenel 
(2  syl.).  He  first  appears  as  page  to  the 
lady  of  Avenel,  then  as  page  to  Mary 
queen  of  Scots. 

Majdalene  Graeme,  dame  of  Heather- 
gill,  grandmother  of  Roland  Grama 
She  appears  to  Roland  disgui- 
Mother  Nicneven,  an  old  witch  at  Kin- 
ross.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Alibvt  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Graeme  ( William),  the  red  rievcr  \frC6- 
booter]  at  Westburnnat. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
1'he  black  Dusarf  (time,  Anne). 

GrOBViUS  Or  J.  G.  Graff  of  Saxony, 
editor  of   several  of   the   Latin  rlarurira 

(1032-1703). 

Believe  me,  lady.  I  have  more  •attraction  In  beholding 
you  than  1  should  h»vl  -  in  GrsevUu  and 

Gronovius. — Mrs.  Cowley,  Wko't  ttn  Uuyt  II.  3. 

(Abraham  Gronovius  was  a  famous 
philologist,  1694-1775.) 

Gra'hame  (Colmul  John),  of  Claver- 
house,  in  the  royal  army  under  the  duke 
of  Monmouth.  Afterwards  viscount  of 
Dundee. 

Cornet  Richard  Grahams,  the  colonel's 
nephew,  in  the  same  army. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Grahame's  Dike,  the  Roman  wall 

between   the    friths    of    the   Clyde    and 

Forth. 

Tills  wall  defended  the  ltrltons  for  a  time,  but  I 
Mid     PlcU  .   .    .  .  limbed     DfH    it.     ...     A    DUO   liani.d 

Gratuuna  is  said  t..  bare  been  the  first  .olditi 

our,  and  the  common  i 

•all    "Qrahama'a    liiau."  —  &u    W.  Boott,   raits  o/  a 

Ur<uid/\LOutr. 

Grahams,  nicknamed  "<  »f  the  11<  a." 
The  reference  is  this:  The  Grahams, 
having  provided  Tt  a   great    marriage 

.  found  that  a  raid  had  been  made 
apon  their  poultry  by  Donald  of  the 
Hammer  (,/•''•>•  They  went  in  pursuit, 
and  a  combat  took  place  ;  but  . 
fight  was  tor  "cocks  and  hens,"  it  ob- 
tained for  the  Grahams  the  nickname  of 
.. 

Gram,  Siegfried's  sword. 

Grammar.  Sigismund,  ■omameo 
Augustus,   said,    "  Ego    sum    Impfraun 


GRAMMARIANS. 


400 


GRANGOCSIER. 


Romanoruui,    et    supra    grammaticam  " 
(1520,  1548-1572). 

Grammarians  {Prince  of),  Apol- 
lonios  of  Alexandria.  Priscian  called 
hdm  Grammaticorum  Princeps  (second 
century  B.C.). 

Grammont  (The  count  of).  He 
promised  marriage  to  la  belle  Hamilton, 
but  left  England  without  performing  the 

fwomise ;  whereupon  the  brothers  fol- 
owed  him,  and  asked  him  if  he  had  not 
forgotten  something.  "True,  true,"  said 
the  count,  "  excuse  my  short  memory  ;  " 
and,  returning  with  the  brothers,"  he 
made  the  young  lady  countess  of  Gram- 
mont. 

Granary  of  Athens,  the  district 
about  Kertch.  The  buck-wheat  of  this 
district  carried  off  the  prize  of  the  Great 
Exhibition  in  1851. 

Granary  of  Europe.  Sicily  was 
BO  called  once. 

Grand  Jume^t,  meant  for  Diana 
of  Poitiers. —  Rabelais,  Gargantua  and 
Pantagruel. 

Grand  Monarque  [mo.nark1], 
Louis  XiT.  (1638,  1643-1715). 

Grand  Pendu  (Le),  in  cards,  the 
king  of  diamonds.  Whoever  draws  this 
card  in  cartomancy,  is  destined  to  die  by 
the   hands  of  the  executioner.    (See  Lk- 

SORMAND.) 

Joachim  Murat.  when  king  of  Naples,  sought  the  aid 
of  Millie.  Leiiuniiaiitl.  by  whom  he  was  received  with 
her  customary  haughtiness.  The  cards  being  produced. 
Murat  cut  the  Grand  1'endii,  the  portent  of  ill-fortune. 
Murat  cut  four  times,  and  in  every  instance  it  WD  the 
king  of  diamonds. — See  W.  H.  Wiltshire,  flaying  and 
other  Carat,  16a. 

(The  card  called  le  pendu  in  tarot 
cards  is  represented  by  a  man  with  his 
hands  tied  behind  his  back,  and  in  some 
cases  with  two  bags  of  money  attached 
to  his  armpits.  The  man  is  hanging  by 
the  right  leg  to  a  gibbet.  Probably  an 
emblematic  figure  in  alchemy.) 

Grand  Pre,  a  village  of  Acadia  (now 
Nova  Scotia),  inhabited  by  a  colony  from 
Normandy,  of  very  primitive  manners, 
preserving  the  very  costume  of  their  old 
Norman  forefathers.  They  had  no  locks 
to  their  doors  nor  bolts  to  their  windows. 
There  "  the  richest  man  was  poor,  and  the 
poorest  lived  in  abundance."  Grand  Pre' 
is  the  scene  of  Longfellow's  Evangeline 
(1849). 

Grandison  (Sir  Charles),  the  hero 
of  a  novel  by  S.  Richardson,  entitled 
The  history  of  Sir   Charles   Grandison. 


Sir  Charles  is  the  beau-ideal  of  a  perfect 
hero,  the  union  of  a  good  Christian  and 
perfect  English  gentleman  ;  but  such  a 
"  faultless  monster  the  world  ne'er  saw." 
Richardson's  ideal  of  this  character  was 
Robert  Nelson,  reputed  author  of  the 
Whole  Duty  of  Man  (1753). 

Like  the  old  lady  mentioned  hy  sir  Walter  Scott,  wno 
eboae  -Sir  CKtirUt  Orandieon  because  she  could  go  to  &lee(, 
for  half  an  hour  at  any  time  during  its  reading,  and  still 
find  the  personages  just  where  she  left  them,  conversing 
in  the  cedar  parlour. — Encyc.  Brit..  Art.  "  Romance." 

Grandison  is  the  English    Kmite,  hut  an  Emile  coca- 

pletely  instructed.     His  discourses  are  continual  precepts, 

m  tions  are  examples.     Miss  Biron  is  the  object  <A 

his  affection.— Editor  o/  Arabian  Siyntt   Continued. 

It.  78. 

Grandmother.  Lord  Byron  calls  the 
Brituh  lieview ** My  Grandmother's  Re- 
view," and  jestingly  says  he  purchased 
its  favorable  criticism  of  Don  Juan. 

For  fear  some  prudish  readers  should  grow  skittish, 

I've  bribed  "My  tlrandiimther's  Review,"  The  liritith  ; 

I  sent  it  in  a  letter  to  the  editor, 

Who  thanked  me  duly  by  return  of  post.  .  . . 

And  if  my  ymflw  Km  he  please  to  roast  .  .  . 

Ail  I  can  say  is — that  he  had  the  BBOD 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  i.  209,  210  (IS18J. 

Grane  (2  syi.),  Siegfried's  horse, 
whose  speed  outstripped  the  wind. 

Grane'angowl  (Rev.  Mr.),  chaplain 
to  sir  Duncan  Campbell,  at  Ardenvohr 
Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mont- 
rose (time,  Charles  I.). 

Granger  (Captain),  in  love  with 
Elizabeth  Doiley,  daughter  of  a  retired 
slop-seller.  The  old  father  resolves  to 
give  her  to  the  best  scholar,  himself  being 
judge.  Gradus,  an  Oxford  pedant,  quotes 
two  lines  of  Greek,  in  which  the  word 
panta  occurs  four  times.  "  Pantry  !  u 
cries  old  Doiley;  "no,  no;  you  can't  per- 
suade me  that's  Greek."  The  captain  talks 
of  "refulgent scintillations  in  the  ambient 
void  opake  ;  chrysalic  spheroids,  and 
astifarous  constellations ; "  and  when 
Gradus  says,  "It  is  a  rant  in  English," 
the  old  man  boils  with  indignation. 
"Zounds!"  says  he;  "d'ye  take  me  for 
a  fool  ?  D'ye  think  I  don't  .know  my 
own  mother  tongue?  'Twas  no  more  like 
English  than  I  am  like  Whittington's 
cat !  "  and  he  drives  off  Gradus  as  a  vile 
impostor. — Mrs.  Cowley,  Wfio's  the  Dupel 

Granger.    (See  Edith.) 

Grangousier,  father  of  Gargantim, 
"a  good  sort  of  a  fellow  in  his  younger 
days,  and  a  notable  jester.  He  loved  to 
drink  neat,  and  would  eat  salt  meat" 
(bk.  i.  3).  He  married  Gargamelle 
(3  •'///.),  daughter  of  the  king  of  the  Par- 
paillons,  and  had  a  son  named  Gargn»» 
tua. — Rabel:.is,  Gargantua,  i.  3  (1533). 


GRANTAM. 


401 


GRAUNDE  AMOUBE. 


•••  •*  Gtangousier "  ii  meant  for  John 
d'Albret,  king  of  Navarre  ;  "G 
fur  Oatfaerine  de  Poix,  qneen  oi  Navarre; 
and  •'  Gargantna M  for  Benri  d'Albret, 
kin^  of  Navarre.  Some  fancy  that 
"  Grangousier  n  is  meant  for  Louu  XII., 
but  tin*  cannot  be,  inasmuch  as  be  is 
distinctly  called  •  heretic  for  declaim- 
dnst  the  saints  "  (eh.  zlv.). 

Grantam   (Miss),   a  friend    of   Miss 
lodfrey,  engaged  t"  sir  James  Elliot. — 
Bam.  Foote,  t%$  lAar  (1761). 

Grant'mesnil  [Sir  Hugh  de),  one  of 
the  knights  challengers  at  the  tourna- 
ment. -Sir  \V.  Scott,  Ivankoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Grantorto,  the  personification  of  re- 
bellion  in  general,  and  of  the  evil  genius 
of  the  Irish  rebellion  of  1680  in  particular. 
Grantorto  is  represented  as  s  huge  giant, 
who  withheld  from  Ireua  [i.e.   lerni  or 

Ireland]    her    inheritance.       Sir     A 

[Arthur  lord  Qrey  of  Wilton],  bein 
to  destroy  him,  challenged  him  to  single 
combat,  and  having  felled  him  to  the 
earth  with  his  sword  Chrysa'or,  "  reft  off 
his  head  to  ease  him  of  his  pain." — 
Spenser,  Faery  Qiucn,  v.  13  (1 

Grapes  of  God.  Tennyson  calls 
the  wine  cup  of  the  encharist  "  the 
chalice  of  the  grapes  of  God,"  alluding, 
of  course,  to  the  symbolical  characb  i  of 
the  sacramental  wine,  which  represents  the 
death-blood  of  Christ,  shed  for  the  re- 
mission of  sin. 

■  lh«  kneeling  tuimlet  Undni 
Tim  chalice  of  UV  snn>m  of  God. 

Itoanyvn,    n  j/.nv»riint,  x. 
Grapes  Painted.    Zeuxis  of  Il.-ra- 
eleu   painted  grapes   so  admirably   that 

bird-  flew  to  them  and  tried   to  eat  them. 

(See  Hobsi  Pais no.) 

tck  llir  jAlntr.)  flower. 

Sad  Mrai  <>(  gnpM :;.  ■ckad. 

.  .',  c/  iKc  .loul.  ii 

Grass  (Cronos),  a  e;rass  which 
•  an  irresistible 
for    the    sea.      Glaucus,    the    Boso'tiao 
fisherman,   observed   that   all   the 

which    he    laid    on     the  'antly 

back  into  the  water,  whereupon 

with  thi  re.    1  ■>■  iping 

into  ti  •  ame  ■  mis 

with  the  gift  of  prophecy. 

Gmt  |  to  acknowli  . 

Vanquiahed.      A    Latin    phraiw>, 
dor*  act   \»jm.;t  <  Bist., 

U      .    I. 


Grasshopper  (A).  What  animal  it 
that  which  avoids  every  one,  il  B  DSSB> 
pound  animal*,     and    lives    is 

btun.il,  •  : ;  'j  ■  (mihopprr.  whlih   ium  tbt 

s8-m:irk<-t     I.  linl 
time  th(  ■  long. 

Miulicl.  being  ukn!  ah}  In  •  .  k*d  aa 

! 
Hint  t.c  .111  It  '    (  .r  Ihi  .  :  ,k»  mtd 

a  Hit  Urut-iu^/irt.  — 
llitwin  .  .-.,,(   u.  ui. 

Gra'tian  (Father),  ;  z  friar 

at  John  Henge  i  inn  at  burenhod  . 

W .      Scott,      .1  MM     ■  f 

Edward  IV.). 
Gratia'no,  one  of  Anthonio's  friends. 

He    "talked   an   infinite  ileal    of   nothing, 
than     any    man    in     all    V( 

Gratiano  married   Neriasa,   the  waiting* 
gentlewoman    of    Port 

QraHaffUy  brothei  of   Bxabantio,  and 
mona.  —  8 
to  (1611). 

Graimdo  Araouro  {Sir),  walking 
in  a  meadow,  was  told   bj    l  ame  of  a 

beautiful     lady    named    La    i 

who  resided  in   the    lower  of  M 
He  was  then  conducted  by  Gouvemanoe 
and  Grace  bo  I  I  rine,  where 

ived   ins)  ruction  boo 

■  iramer,    1.  .  rike, 

Arismetricke,    U  ueiry,    and 

Astronomy.     In   I 

he  met  La  hello  Pucell,  witli  whom 

m  love,  but  they  parted  for  a  tin 
Amours  went  to  the   I"" er 

t>     perfect  him-elf   in  the  STtS  of   knight" 
hooid,  and   tin  re  he  received  his 
from  king  Melj  s'j  us.     lie  ■ 

on   his  adventure-,  and   - 

False  Report, 

him  many  a  lying  tale  ;    but 

tion,  coming  up,  had  I  i.  -e  !;. ;    it  soundly 

beaten,  and  the 
at  her  CS  •■.  V 
to    a  wall  where    hung   B 

( >n    blowing    the   bom, 

whom  he  ' 
and  cut  off  the  th 
hood,  l|,i 

the  night  in 
fort,  w  1  next 

rh  and 
with  k  n  the 

■ 

netala.    Hii 


GRAVEA1RS. 


402    GREAT  CHAM  OF  LITERATURE. 


married  La  belle  Pueell,  and  lived  happily 
till  he  was  arrested  by  Age,  having  for 
companions  Policye  and  Avarice.  Death 
came  at  last  to  carry  him  off,  and  Re- 
membrance wrote  his  epitaph. — Stephen 
Hawes,  The  Passe-tyme  of  Plcsure  (1515). 
Graunde  Amoure's  Steed,  Galantyse,  the 
gift  of  king  Melyz'yus  when  he  conferred 
on  him  the  degree  of  knighthood. 

I  myselfe  shall  give  you  a  worthy  stede. 
Called  Galantyse.  to  helpe  you  In  your  node. 
Stephen  Hawes,  The  I'auc-tymt  of  fluurt,  xivlii.  (1515). 

Graunde  Amoure's  Sword,  Clare  Pru- 
dence. 

Drawing  my  swerdc,  that  was  both  lalre  and  bright, 
I  clipped  Cum  i'riidence. 
Stephen  Hawes.  Tht  Ptuic-tifnu  of  rientre.  rxxiii.  (1515). 

Grave'airs  (Lady),  a  lady  of  very 
dubious  virtue,  in  The  Careless  Husband, 
by  Colley  Cibber  (1704). 

Mrs.  Hamilton  (1730-17881.  upon  her  entrance,  was 
saluted  with  a  storm  of  hisses,  and  admitting  to  the 
footlights  said,  "Gemmen  and  ladles,  I  s'pose  as  how 
mo  trial  mi  bacame  1  wouldn't  play  'lady  Gravealrs' 
last  night  at  Mrs.  ltellamy's  U-nt-nL  1  would  baaa  dOM 
so.  hut  slit  said  as  how  my  audience  slunk,  and  Ml  all 
tripe  paopls."  Tiie  pH  roand  with  IiiiiIiIh  and  Hm 
who1*  bousa  shoatad  "  Mrs.  Tripe  I  "  a  title  which  th-  fair 
ipeechlfler  retained  erer  after.— Memoir  u/  Jirs.  Uamil- 
tun  (laua). 

Gray  (Old  Alice),  a  former  tenant  of 
the  Ravcnswood  family. — Sir  W.  Bcott, 
Bride  of  Laminermoor  (time,  William 
III.). 

Gray  (Dr.  Gideon),  the  surgeon  at 
Middlemas. 

Mrs.  (irni/,  the  surgeon's  wife. 

Alenie  Gray,  the  "surgeon's  daughter," 
taken  to  India  and  gives  to  Tippoo  Saib 
as  an  addition  to  his  harem,  but,  being 
rescued  by  llyder  Ali,  was  restored  to 
Hartley  ;  after  which  she  returned  to  hex 
country. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon't 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Gray  (Duncan)  wooed  a  young  lass 
tailed  Maggie,  but  as  Duncan  looked 
asklent,  Maggie  "coost  her  head"  and 
bade  Duncan  behave  himself.  "  Duncan 
(leeched,  and  Duncan  prayed,"  but  Meg 
was  deaf  to  his  pleadings;  so  Duncan 
took  himself  off  in  dudgeon.  This  was 
more  than  Maggie  meant,  so  she  fell  sick 
and  like  to  die.  As  Duncan  "could  na 
be  her  death,"  he  came  forward  manfully 
again,  and  then  "they  were  CXOUSe 
[merry]  and  canty  bath.  Ha,  ha  !  the 
wooing  o't." — R.  Burns,  Duncan  Graij 
(1792). 

Gray  (llary),  daughter  of  a  country 
gentieman  of  Perth.  When  the  plague 
broke  out  in  1666,  Mary  Gray  and  her 
friend    Bessy    Bell    retired    to    an    un- 


frequented spot  called  Bum  Braes,  where 
they  lived  in  a  secluded  cottage  and  saw 
no  one.  A  young  gentleman  brought 
them  food,  but  he  caught  the  plague, 
communicated  it  to  the  two  ladies,  and 
all  three  died. — Allan  Ramsay,  Bessy  Bell 
and  Mary  Gray. 

Gray  (Auld  Robin).  Jennie,  a  Scotch 
lass,  was  loved  by  young  Jamie;  "but 
saving  a  crown,  he  had  naething  else 
besides."  To  make  that  crown  a  pound, 
young  Jamie  went  to  sea,  and  both  were 
to  be  for  Jennie.  He  had  not  been  gone 
many  days  when  Jennie's  mother  fill 
sick,  her  father  broke  his  arm,  and  their 
cow  was  stolen  ;  then  auld  Robin  came 
forward  ami  maintained  them  both.  Auld 
Robin  loved  the  lass,  and  "  wi'  tears  in 
his  ee,"  said,  "  Jennie,  for  their  sakes,  oh, 
marry  me  !  "  Jennie's  heart  said  "  nay," 
for  she  looked  for  Jamie  back  ;  but  her 
father  urged  her,  and  the  mother  pleaded 
with  her  eye,  and  so  she  consented.  They 
had  not  been  married  above  a  month 
when  Jamie  returned.  They  met;  she 
gave  him  one  kiss,  and  though  she  "  gang 
like  a  ghaist,"  she  made  up  her  mind, 
like  a  brave,  good  lassie,  to  be  a  gude 
wife,  for  auld  Robin  was  very  kind  to 
her  (1772). 

Tins  ballad  was  composed  by  lady  Anne 
Lindsay,  daughter  of  the  earl  of  Bal- 
carrcs  (afterwards  lady  Barnard).  It 
was  written  to  an  old  Scotch  tune  called 
The  Bridegroom  drat  when  the  Sun  went 
.  Auld  Robin  Gray  wae  her  father's 
herdsman.  When  lady  Anne  was  writing 
the  ballad,  and  was  piling  distress  on 
Jennie,  she  told  her  sister  that  she  had 
sent  Jamie  to  sea,  made  the  mother  sick, 
and  broken  the  father's  arm,  but  wanted 
a  fourth  calamity.  "  Steal  the  cow, 
sister  Anne,"  said  the  little  Elizabeth  ; 
and  so  "the  cow  was  stolen  awa',"  and 
the  song  completed. 

Gray's  Monument,  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  was  by  Bacon. 

Graysteel,  the  sword  of  Kol,  fatal  to 
its  owner.  It  passed  into  several  hands, 
and  always  brought  ill-luck  with  it. — 
Icelandic  Edda. 

Great  Captain  (The),  Gonsalm  de 
Cor'dova,  el  Gran  Capitan  ( 1153— 1515). 

Manuel  I.  [Comnenus]  emperor  or 
Trebizond,  is  so  called  also  (1120,  1143— 
1180). 

Great  Cham  of  Literature,  Dt. 
Samuel  Johnson  (1709- 1784). 


GREAT  COMMON EK. 


4n.i 


GREEK  CHURCH. 


Great  Commoner  (The),  William 
Pitt  (1759-1806). 

Great  Dauphin  (TJie),  Louis  the 
son  of  Louis  XIV.  (1661-1711). 

%*  The  "  Little  Dauphin "  was  the 
duke  of  Bourgogne,  son  of  the  Great  or 
Grand  Dauphin.  Both  died  before  Louis 
XIV. 

Great  Duke  (T/te),  the  duke  of 
Wellington  (1769-1852). 

Bury  the  Great  Duke 

With  an  empire's  lamentation  ; 
Let  us  bury  Uie  Great  Duke 

To  Uie  nolso  of  the  mourning  of  a  great  nation. 
Tennyson. 

Great-Head  or  Canmokk,  Mal- 
colm III.  of  Scotland  (*,   1057-1093). 

Great-heart  (Mr.),  the  guide  of 
Christiana  and  her  family  to  the  Celestial 
City. — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  ii. 
(1684). 

Great  Magician  (The)  or  The 
Great  Alagician  of  the  North,  sir  Waller 
Scott.  So  called  first  by  professor  John 
Wilson  (1771-1832). 

Great  Marquis  (The),  James  Gra- 
ham, marquis  of  Montrose  (1612-1650). 

I've  told  thee  how  we  swept  Dundee, 
And  tanied  the  Lindsays'  pride ; 

But  never  have  1  told  thee  yet 
How  the  Great  Maru,uU  died. 

Aytoun. 

Great  Marquis  (The),  dom  Sebastiano 
Jose  de  Carvalho,  marquis  de  Pombal, 
greatest  of  all  the  Portuguese  statesmen 
(1699-1782). 

Great  Moralist  (The),  Dr.  Samuel 
Johnson  (1709-1784). 

Great  Sea  (The).  The  Mediterra- 
nean Sea  was  so  called  by  the  ancients. 

Great  Unknown  (The),  sir  Walter 
Scott,  who  published  his  Waterlcj  .' 
anonymously  (1771-18^2). 

Great  Unwashed  (The).  The 
artisan  class  were  first  so  called  by  sir 
W.  Scott. 

Greaves  (Sir  Launcelot),  a  well-brod 
young  English  squire  of  the  George  II. 
i>eriod  ;  handsome,  virtuous,  and  en- 
lightened, but  crack-brained.  He  sets 
out,  attended  by  an  old  sea-captain,  to 
deteet  fraud  uml  treason,  abase  inso- 
lence, mortify  pride,  discourage  slander, 
ici  immodesty,  and  punish  ingrati- 
tude. Sir  Lanncelot,  in  tact,  is  a  modern 
don    Quixote,    and    captain    Crow    u  bu 


Sancho  I'anza. — T.  Smollett,  The  Adven- 
tures of  Sir  J.auncrlut  G runes  (1760). 

BmourU  became  editor  of  Uie  Critical  It^rirtc,  and  aa 
attack  in  thai  Journal  on  admiral  Know  lea  led  to  a  trial 
Ibr  libel  The  mithur  was  am  lam  ml  io  pay  a  fine  of 
£100,  and  suffer  three  n  He  eon- 

sulci  hlmeeH  In  prlaon  bj   •  ret  ■■(  Launctttt 

Oreavot. — Chambers,  En<jluh  Literature,  11.  65, 

Grecian  Daughter  (The),  Eu- 
phrasia, daughter  of  Kvander  a  Greek, 
who  dethroned  Dionysius  the  Elder,  and 
became  king  of  Syracuse.  In  his  old  age 
he  was  himself  dethroned  by  Dionysius 
the  Younger,  and  eon  lined  in  a  dm 
in  a  rock,  where  he  was  saved  from  star- 
vation by  his  daughter,  who  fed  him  with 
"  the  milk  designed  for  her  own  babe." 
Timoleon  having  made  himself  master  of 
Syracuse,  Dionysius  accidentally  en- 
countered Evander  his  prisoner,  and  was 
about  to  kill  him,  when  Euphrasia  rushed 
forwards  and  stabbed  the  tyrant  to  the 
heart. — A.  Murphy,  The  Grecian  I'aughter 
(1772). 

%*  As  an  historical  drama,  this  plot  is 
much  the  same  as  if  the-  writer  had  said 
that  James  I.  (of  England)  abdicated  and 
retired  to  St.  Germain,  and  when  his  son 
James  II.  succeeded  to  the  crown,  he  was 
beheaded  at  White  Ball  ;  for  Murphy 
makes  Dionysius  the  Elder  to  have  been 
dethroned,  and  going  to  Corinth  to  live 
(act  i.),  and  Dionysius  the  Younger  to 
have  been  slain  by  the  dagger  of  Eu- 
phrasia; whereas  Dionysius  the  Elder 
never  was  dethroned,  but  died  in  Syracuse 
at  the  age  of  68;  and  Dionysius  the 
Younger  was  not  slain  in  Syracuse,  but 
being  dethroned,  went  to  Corinth,  where 
he  lived  and  died  in  exile. 

Greece  (The  tico  eyes  of;,  Athens  and 
Sparta. 

Greedy  (Justi.y),  thin  as  a  thread- 
paper,  always  eating  and  always  hungry. 
He  says  to  sir  Giles  Overreach  (act  iii.  1). 
"  <  >h,  I  do  much  honour  a  chine  ol 
Oh,  I  do  reverence  a  loin  of  veal !"  Asa 
justice,  he  is  most  venial-  the  promise  of 

a  turkey  will  buy  him,  but  the  promise 
of  a  hauneh  of  v.nison  will  out-buy  him. 
—  Massinger,  A  A  .    rj  UiJ  I>ebt$ 

(1628). 
Greek  (A),  a  pander  ;  a  'Kerry  Greek, 

aUhktH,    etc.,    all 
mean  either  pander  or  harlot.     Frequently 

used  by  Shakespeare  in  Tvntm  of  AtKmt 
.  and  in  Henry  IV.  (1697-0). 

i-k    Church  the): 

Eusebius.  Athana'sius,  Basil  "  the  Great, H 

Gregory  Na.-ian/e'mis,  Gregory  of  Nyaaa, 


GREEK  KALENDS. 


404 


GREEN  KNIGHT. 


Cyril  of  Jerusalem,  Chrys'ostom,  Epipha'- 
nois,  Cyril  of  Alexandria,  and  Ephraim 
deacon  of  Edessa. 

Greek  Kalends,  never.  There  were 
no  kalends  in  the  Greek  system  of  reckon- 
ing the  months.  Hence  Suetonius  says 
it  shall  be  transferred  ad  Grcecas  calendas, 
or,  in  parliamentary  phrase,  "  to  this  day 
«ix  months." 

They  and  their  bills  .  .  .  are  left 
To  die  Greek  Kalends. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  liil.  43  (18S4). 

Greeks  (Last  of  the),  Philopoe'men  of 
Megalop'olis,  whose  great  object  was  to 
infuse  into  the  Achaeans  a  military  spirit, 
and  establish  their  independence  (b.c. 
252-183). 

Greeks  joined  Greeks.  Clytus  said  to 
Alexander  that  Philip  was  the  greater 
warrior : 

I  have  seen  him  march, 
And  fought  beneath  his  dreadful  banner,  where 
The  boldest  at  this  table  would  have  trembled. 
Nay,  frown  not,  sir,  you  cannot  look  me  dead  ; 
<Vben  Greeks<]oined  Greeks,  then  was  the  tug  of  war. 
N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Great,  iv.  2  (1678). 

%*  Slightly  altered  into  When  Greek 
joins  Greek,  then  is  the  txuj  of  war.  This  line 
of  Nathaniel  Lee  has  become  a  household 
phrase. 

To  play  the  Greek,  to  act  like  a  harlot. 
When  Cressid  says  of  Helen,  "Then 
she's  a  merry  Greek  indeed,"  she  means 
that  Helen  is  no  better  than  afille  publique. 
Probably  Shakespeare  had  his  eye  upon 
"fair  lliren,"  in  Peel's  play  called  The 
Turkish  Mahomet  and  Hyren  the  Fair 
Greek.  "  A  fair  Greek  "  was  at  one  time 
a  euphemism  for  a  courtezan. 

Green  (Mr.  Paddington),  clerk  at 
Somerset  House. 

Mrs.  Paddimjton  Green,  his  wife. — T. 
M.  Morton,  Ifl/uida  Thousand  a  Fear. 

Green  ( Verdant),  a  young  man  of 
infinite  simplicity,  who  goes  to  college, 
and  is  played  upon  by  all  the  practical 
jokers  of  alma  mater.  After  he  has 
bought  his  knowledge  by  experience, 
the  butt  becomes  the  "  butter  "  of  juve- 
niles greener  than  himself.  Verdant 
Green  wore  spectacles,  which  won  for 
him  the  nickname  of  "Gig-lamps." — 
Cuthbert  Bede  [Rev.  Edw.  Bradley], 
Verdant  Green  (18G0). 

Green  ( Widow),  a  nch,  buxom  dame 
of  40,  who  married  first  for  money,  and 
intended  to  choose  her  second  husband 
"to  please  her  vanity."  She  fancied 
Waller  loved  her,  and  meant  to  make 
her  his  wife,  but  sir  William   Fondlove 


was  her  adorer.  When  the  politic  widow 
discovered  that  Waller  had  fixed  his  love 
on  another,  she  gave  her  hand  to  the  old 
beau,  sir  William  ;  for  it  the  news  got 
wind  of  her  love  for  Waller,  she  would 
become  the  laughing-stock  of  all  her 
friends. — S.  Knowles,  The  Love-Cfiase 
(1837). 

Green-Bag  Inquiry  (The).  A 
green  bag  full  of  documents,  said  to  be 
seditious,  was  laid  before  narliament  by 
lord  Sidniouth,  in  1817.  A*  "inquiry' 
was  made  into  these  documents,  ana  it 
was  deemed  advisable  to  suspend  the 
Habeas  Corpus  Act,  and  forbid  all  sorts 
of  political  meetings  likely  to  be  of  a 
seditious  character. 

Green  Bird.  Martyrs,  after  death, 
partake  of  the  delights  of  bliss  in  the 
crops  of  green  birds,  which  feed  on  the 
fruits  of  paradise. — Jallalo'ddin. 

Green  Bird  (The),  a  bird  that  told 
one  everything  it  was  asked.  An  oracular 
bird,  obtained  by  Fairstar  after  the 
failure  of  Chery  and  her  two  brothers. 
It  was  this  bird  who  revealed  to  the  king 
that  Fairstar  was  his  daughter  and 
Chery  his  nephew. — Conitesse  D'Aunoy, 
Fairy  Tales  ("  Fairstar  and  Prince 
Chery,"  1682). 

Green  Hands,  inferior  sailors  ;  also 
called  "boys,"  quite  irrespective  of  age. 
A  crew  is  divided  into  (1)  able  seamen, 
(2)  ordinary  seamen,  and  (3)  green  hands 
or  boys,  who  need  know  nothing  about  a 
ship,  not  even  the  name  of  a  single  rope. 

Green  Horse  (The),  the  5th 
Dragoon  Guards  (not  the  5th  Dragoons). 
So  called  from  their  green  velvet  facings. 

Green  Howards  (The),  the  19th 
Foot.  So  called  from  the  Hon.  Charles 
Howard,  their  colonel  from  1738  to  1748. 

Green  Isle  ( The)  or  The  Emerald 
Isle,  Ireland. 

A  pugnacity  characteristic  of  the  Green  Isle. — Sir  Vf 
Scott. 

Green  Knight  (The),  sir  Pertc- 
lope  (3  syl.),  called  by  Tennyson  "  Even- 
ing Star"  or  "  Hesperus."  He  was  one 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages 
of  Castle  Perilous,  and  was  overthrown 
by  sir  Gareth. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  127  (,  1 470)  ;  Tennyson, 
Idylis  ("  Gareth  and  Lynette"). 

*,„*  It  is  evidently  a  blunder  of  Tenny- 
son to  call  the  Green  Knight  "  Evening 
Star,"  and   the  Plue  Knight  "  Morning 


GRK1  S  KNIUHT. 


VM.LE. 


Star."     In   I  sombftt 

with  the 

an  i    with    th-   ••  l'.lu.-   Knight  "  at 

and   Queries  (February   L6, 

.- 

•i    Knijht  (The),   a   pn^an   knight, 
who   flcillH.ll  ,    but 

me  by  i  hraon,  was  ol 

his    claim.  arid  Urn/n 

i  century). 

Gre<Mi    LettOOe  Lano    (St.    Lnw- 
rrnc.-,  Ponltney),  a  corruption  "f  "< 
Lattice.  |  from  the 

,         rhicb   nod  to    opon   n 

- 


Oroon    Linnots,    the 

Their  facings  ar<-  . 

Green  Man  (7V).  The  man  who 
a»od  to  let  ofl  tin-work*  was  so  called  in 
tin-  p  i.'!.  •  |  Jami  -  1 . 

Marr  j..'.j  an?  »jijmm.  Mt   irT's-n   man  m  yrxir  ■     -     ' 
CVulmloiil  11617). 

•i     Km      (The),     a 
gamekeeper,  at  one  time  dad  in  green. 

But  the  grivn  man  ahall  I  pan  bjr  uiuumk  T  .  .  . 
A  num  •  attendant  cU.1  in  k«w|.«r  >  kttxiii. 

Grvt'iilmlirh. 
Of  Deri. v.-  Mr  \< 
Peak  (t  -  II.). 

Greonhorn  (Mr.  Gilbert),  an 
ney,    in    partnership   with    Mr.    i.. 
Gnnderson. 

Mr.  m,    father  of   Mr. 

Gillx.Tt.      Mr    V  .    Scott,     T . 

in.). 

;  Ca  Sir   W.   a 

Henry  I.). 

Qp  ry'i     Day," 

K.w  raixlralj  Umflr.  and  all  that  li  era;  | 

tuiMkrti'.oi.'i     -ii  •/•-  it  :i  ~t  ■;-•*•• 

T.   TiM^r.    I      .  '   u«o4 

Uutk*ndri.  in 

maker     of 

( 

!         .,  waiter  on  an  Oxford  student,  and 

ihrti  ae 

\\  hen  'r,  he 

I5e  of  his   ; 

etila     .lie*.",     ut      "unt 

l  ■  la 

n   ■  ■     4   ■ 

wu-   In  »r  mi   t',.    i  . 


■    Wl        if*. 
■   I   all   that. 

■ 

I 
' 

••  monsieai 

out  of  : 

it  &  Sir  W. 

III.). 

fattier      Bat 

mio,  an  old   man  w: 

marrj  it    the    li 

tio,  a    yom  *  I**'*. 

. 

I  I  which 

Reowu  ' 

.rk.      It     wiu     ha 

-. 

stealthily    . 

•.  and  slew  r 

thirty  of  the  inmati 

.'lead  of  a  :i 

went  against  it  a:. 

..ry). 

Grrenville 

queen  I 

i 

- 

towar    - 

\ 

the   wi. 

I 
■ 
■ 
I 

ma»t<  |  l.rr  »n 

twain. 

•Jlcd 


ORESHAM  AND  THE  PEAEL.      406 


GEIFFIN. 


her  and  praised  sir  Richard  for  his  heroic 
daring.  "  I  have  done  my  duty  for  my 
queen  and  faith,"  he  said,  and  died.  The 
Spaniards  sent  the  prize  home,  but  a 
tempest  came  on,  and  The  Revenge,  shot- 
shattered,  "went  down,  to  be  lost  ever- 
more in  the  main." — Tennyson,  The 
Revenge,  a  ballad  of  the  fleet  (1878). 

Froude  has  an  essay  on  the  subject. 
Canon  Kinsley,  in  Westward  Hoi  has 
drawn  sir  Richard  Grenville,  and  alludes 
to  the  fight.  Arber  published  three  small 
volumes  on  sir  Richard's  noble  exploit. 
Gervase  M-irkhain  has  a  long  poem  on 
the  subject.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  says  : 
"If  lord  Howard  had  stood  to  his  guns, 
the  Spanish  fleet  would  have  been  annihi- 
lated." Probably  Browning's  Hcrrc'  Rid 
was  present  to  the  mind  of  Tennyson 
when  he  wrote  the  ballad  of  The  Revenge. 

Gresham  and  the  Pearl.  'When 
queen  Elizabeth  visited  the  Exchange, 
sir  Thomas  Gresham  pledged  her  health 
in  a  cup  of  wine  containing  a  precious 
Btone  crushed  to  atoms,  and  worth 
£16,000. 

Ilrro  £15,000  nt  one  dap  coe» 

i  "f  -ui;  ir ,  Qraham  ilrlnki  the  peat] 
UntO  hi>  ([in-*-ii  ami  lllllliw      PtadfB  it,  lnnls. 
Heywuutl.  If  You  Know  not  J/.'.  You  Know  .Vutotljr. 

%*  It  is  devoutly  to  be  hoped  that  sir 
Thomas  was  above  such  absurd  vanity, 
very  well  for  queen  Cleopatra,  but  more 
than  ridiculous  in  such  an  imitation. 

Gresham  and  the  Grasshopper.  There 
is  a  vulgar  tradition  that  sir  Thomas 
Gresham  was  a  foundling,  and  that  the 
old  beldame  who  brought  him  up  was 
attracted  to  the  spot  where  she  found 
him,  by  the  loud  chirping  of  a  grass- 
hopper. 

%*  This  tale  arose  from  the  grass- 
hopper, which  forms  the  crest  of  sir 
Thomas. 

To  Sup  with  sir  Thomas  Oresham, 
to  have  no  supper.  Similarly,  "to  dine 
with  duke  Humphrey,"  is  to  have  no- 
where to  dine.  The  Royal  Exchange 
was  at  one  time  a  common  lounging-place 
for  idlers. 

Tin)'  little  coin  thjr  pursolcss  pockets  line. 
Ye!  with  grant  company  th->u'rt  taken  BP ; 

For  ofu-n  »i(»i  duke  Humphrey  thou  .lost  dine. 
Ami  often  Willi  sir  Thomas  Graham  sup. 
Hainan,  liuidlitxit  (Epigram  on  a  loafer.  1628). 

Gretchen,  a  German  diminutive  of 
Margaret  ;  the  heroine  of  Goethe's 
Faust.  Faust  meets  her  on  her  return 
from  church,  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
at  last  seduces  her.  Overcome  with 
■name,  Gretchen  destroys  the  infant  to 
which  she  gives  birth,  and  is  condemned 


to  death.  Faust  attempts  to  save  her; 
and,  gaining  admission  to  the  dungeon, 
finds  her  huddled  on  a  bed  of  straw, 
singing  wild  snatches  of  ballads,  quite 
insane.  He  tries  tc  induce  her  to  rlee 
with  him,  but  in  vain.  At  daybreak, 
Mephistophelfis,  Gretchen  dies  anil  Faust 
is  taken  away. 

Gretchen  is  a  perfect  union  of  home- 
liness and  simplicity,  though  her  love  is 
strong  as  death  ;  yet  is  she  a  human 
woman  throughout,  and  never  a  mere 
abstraction.  No  character  ever  drawn 
takes  so  strong  a  hold  on  the  heart,  and, 
with  all  her  faults,  who  does  not  love 
and  pity  her? 

Greth'el  (Gammer),  the  hypothetical 
narrator  of  the  tales  edited  by  tk*» 
brothers  Grimm. 

%*  Said  to  be  Frau  Viehmilnin,  wife  of 
a  peasant  in  the  suburbs  of  Hesse  Cassel, 
from  whose  mouth  the  brothers  tran- 
scribed the  tales. 

Grey  (Lady  Jaw),  a  tragedy  by  N. 
Rowe  (1715).  Another  by  Robs  Neil; 
and  one  by  Tennyson  ( 1  - 

In  French^  Laplace  (1746),  Mile,  de 
Stafll  (1800),  Ch.  Brifaot  (1812),  and 
Alexandre  Soumet  (1844),  produced 
Lies  on  the  same  subject.  Paul 
Dehuoche  has  a  fine  picture  called  "  Le 
Supplies  de  Jane  Grey"  (1835). 

GribouiUe,  the  wiseacre  who  threw 
himself  into  a  river  that  his  clothes 
might  not  get  wetted  by  the  rain. — A 
French  l'rovcrbutl  iyiytng. 

Gride  (Arthur),  a  mean  old  usurer, 
who  wished  to  marry  Madeline  Pray,  but 
Madeline  loved  Nicholas  Nickleby,  and 
married  him.  Gride  was  murdered. — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Grieux  (Le  chevalier  de),  the  hero  of 
a  French  novel  by  A.  F.  Provost,  called 
Manon  PEscaut,  translated  into  English 
by  Charlotte  Smith.  A  discreditable 
connection  exists  between  De  Grieux 
and  Manon,  but  as  the  novel  proceeds 
Manon  changes  from  "the  fair  mischief" 
to  the  faithful  companion,  following  the 
fortunes  of  her  husband  in  disgrace  and 
banishment,  and  dying  by  his  side  in  the 
wilds  of  America  (1CJ7-1763). 

Grieve  (Jockie),  landlord  of  an  ale- 
house near  Charlie'H  Hope. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  JIannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Griffin  (Allan),  landlord  of  the  Grif- 
fin inn,  at  Perth. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Fail 
Maid  of  l'crth  (time,  Hen-y  IV.). 


GRIFFIN-FEET. 


407 


GitirE. 


Oriffin-foet,  the  mark  by  which  the 
Desert  Fairy  was  known  in  all  her  meta- 
uorphoses. — Comtesse  D'Aunov,  Fairy 
Tales  ("  The  Yellow  Dwarf,"  1G82). 

Griffiths  (Old),  steward  of  the  carl 
of  Derby. — Sir  W.  Scott,  l'everil  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Griffiths  (Samuel),  London  agent  of  sir 
Arthur  Darsie  Kedgauntlet. --Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

•  G-riflet  (Sir),  knighted  by  king 
Arthur  at  the  request  of  Merlin,  who  told 
the  king  that  sir  Gritlet  would  prove 
"  one  of  the  best  knights  of  the  world, 
and  the  strongest  man  of  arms." — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  20 
(1470). 

Grildrig,  a  mannikin. 

She  gave  me  die  name  "  Grildrig,"  which  the  famtljr 
took  up,  and  afterwards  the  whole  kingdom.  The  word 
Imports  what  the  Latin  calls  manuncuita,  the  Italian 
homuncetetion.twd  the  English  mannikin. — Dean  Swift, 
Ouilivcr'i  TruveU  ("  Voyage  to  Brobdingnag."  1726), 

Grim,  a  fisherman  who  rescued,  from 
a  boat  turned  adrift,  an  infant  named 
Habloc,  whom  he  adopted  and  brought 
np.  This  infant  was  the  son  of  the  king 
of  Denmark,  and  when  restored  to  his 
royal  father,  the  fisherman,  laden  with 
rich  presents,  built  the  village,  which  lie 
called  after  his  own  name,  Grims-by  or 
"  Grim's  town." 

%*  The  ancient  seal  of  the  town  con- 
tained the  names  of  "Gryme"  and 
"Habloc." 

Grim  (Giant),  a  huge  giant,  who  tried 
to  stop  pilgrims  on  their  way  to  the 
Celestial  City.  He  was  slain  by  Mr. 
Great  heart. — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
ii.  (1084). 

Grimalkin,  a  cat,  the  spirit  of  a 
witch.  Any  witch  was  permitted  to 
assume  the  body  of  a  cat  nine  times. 
When  the  "first  Witch"  (in  Maobeth) 
hears  a  cat  mew,  she  saj's,  "  I  come, 
Grimalkin"  (act  i.  sc.  1). 

Grime,  the  partner  of  Item  the 
usurer.  It  is  to  Grime  that  Item  appeals 
when  he  wants  to  fudge  his  clients. 
"  Qan  we  do  so,  Mr.  Grime?"  brings  [he 
Stock    answer,    "Quite     impossible,     Mr. 

Item." — Holcroft,  The  Deserted  Daughter 
(1784),  altered  into  Tlie  Steward. 

Grimes  (Peter),  the  drunken,  thievish 
son  of  a  steady  fisherman.,  lie  had  a 
boy,  whom  he  killed  by  ill-usage,  and 
two  others  lie  made,  away  with  ;  but  6B- 
•aped  conviction  through  defect  of  ffi- 


dence.  As  no  one  would  live  with  him» 
he  turned  mad,  was  lodged  in  the  parish 
poor-house,  confessed  his  crimes  in  de- 
lirium, and  died. — Crabbe,  Borough,  xxii. 
(1810). 

GrimesTDy  (Gaffer),  an  old  farmer  at 
Marlborough.— .Sir  *W.  Scott,  Kemiworth 

(tune,  Kli/.abeth). 

Grimwig,  an  irascible  old  gentle- 
man, who  hid  a  very  kind  heart  under  a 
rough  exterior.  He  was  Mr.  Brownlow's 
great  friend,  and  was  always  declaring 
himself  ready  to  "eat  his  head"  if  he 
was  mistaken  on  any  point  on  which  he 
passed  an  opinion. — C.  Dickens,  I 
Twist  (1837). 

Grinderson  (Mr.  Gabriel),  partner 
of  Mr.  Greenhorn.  They  are  the  attor- 
neys who  press  sir  Arthur  Wardour  for 
the  payment  of  debts. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Grip,  the    clever    raven   of  Bamahy 

Budge.       During     the     Gordon  n 

learnt  the  cry  of  "  No  Popery  !  "  <  uher 
of    its   phrases   were  :    "  I'm    a   devil  !  " 

"Never    say    die!"     "Polly,  put    the 

kettle  on!"  etc. — C.  Dickens,  Barnaby 
Pudge  (1841). 

Gripe  (1  syl.),  a  scrivener,  husband 
of  Clarissa,  but  with  a  tendre  for  Ara- 
minta  the  wife  of  his  friend  Moneytrap. 
He  is  a  miserly,  money-loving,  pig- 
headed hunks,  but  is  duped  out  OI  £250 
by  his  foolish  liking  for  his  neighbour's 
wife. — Sir  John  Yunbrugh,  The  Con- 
federacy (109a). 

Gripe  (1  8yl.),  the  English  name  of 
Ge'ronte,  in  Otway's  version  of  Moliere's 
comedy  of  Lei  Fburberiet  de  Soapin,    His 

daughter,  called  in  French   Hyacinths,  is 

called   "Clara,"  and   his   son    Leandre  is 

Anglicized  into  "  Lewder." — Th.  Otway, 
The  Cheats  of  Soapin, 

Gripe  (Sir  Fronde),  a  man  of  f!4, 
guardian  of  Miranda  an  heiress,  and 
father  of  Charles.  He  wants  to  marry 
his  ward  for  the  sake  of  her  monev,  Mid 

as  she  cannot  obtain  her  property  without 
his  consent  to  her  marriage,  she  pretends 

to  be  in  love  with  him,  and  even  tixes  the 
day  of  <  '■  i  ,  irdy,"  quite  secure 

that    lie    is    the    man  of   her  ehoiee,  gives 

his  consent  to  her  marriage,  and  she 
marries  sir  George  Airy,  ■  man  of  24. 
The  old  man  laughs  at  sir  George,  whom 

he  fancies  he  is  duping,  but  lie  IS  hini»slf 


GRIPUS. 


408 


GRONOVIUS. 


fhe  dupe  all  through.—  Mrs.   Centlivre, 
The  Busy  Body  (1709). 

December  2, 1790,  Munden  made  his  bow  to  the  Corent 
Gardei.  audience  as  "sir  Francis  Gripe."— Memoir  0/ 
J.  a.  Uuruien  (UUU). 

Gripus,  a  stupid,  venial  judge,  uncle 
of  Alcmena,  and  the  betrothed  of  Phaedra 
(Alcmena's  waiting-maid),  in  Dryden's 
comedy  of  Amphitryon.  Neither  Gripus 
nor  Phaedra  is  among  the  dramatis 
persona  of  Moliere's  comedy  of  Amphi- 
tryon. 

Grisilda  or  Griselda,  the  model  of 
patience  and  submission,  meant  to  alle- 
gorize the  submission  of  a  holy  mind  to 
the  will  of  God.  Grisilda  was  the 
daughter  of  a  charcoal-burner,  but  be- 
came the  wife  of  Walter  marquis  of 
Saluzzo.  Her  husband  tried  her,  as  God 
tried  Job,  and  with  the  same  result:  (1) 
He  took  away  her  infant  daughter,  and 
secretly  conveyed  it  to  the  queen  of 
Pa'via  to  be  brought  up,  while  the 
mother  was  made  to  believe  that  it  was 
murdered.  (2)  Four  year?  later  she  had 
a  son,  which  wa9  also  taken  from  her, 
and  was  sent  to  be  brought  up  with  his 
Bister.  (3)  Eight  years  later,  Grisilda 
was  divorced,  and  sent  back  to  her  native 
cottage,  because  her  husband,  as  she  was 
told,  intended  to  marry  another.  When, 
however,  lord  Walter  saw  no  indication  of 
murmuring  or  jealousy,  lit  told  Grisilda 
that  the  supposed  rival  was  her  own 
daughter,  and  her  patience  and  submis- 
sion met  with  theirfull  reward. — Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  ("The  Clerk's  Tale," 
1388). 

*i*  The  tale  of  Grisilda  is  the  last  in 
Boccaccio's  Decameron.  Petrarch  ren- 
dered it  into  a  Latin  romance,  entitled 
De  Obedentia  et  Fide  Uxoria  M  ytholoyia. 
In  the  middle  of  th«  sixteenth  century, 
appeared  a  ballad  and  also  a  prose  ver- 
sion of  Patient  Grissel.  Miss  Edgeworth 
has  a  domestic  novel  entitled  Tlie  Modem 
Oriselda.  The  tale  of  Griselda  is  an 
allegory  on  the  text,  "The  Lord  gave, 
ami  the  Lord  hath  taken  away  ;  blessed 
be  the  name  of  the  Lord." 

Dryden  soys  :  "  The  tnlo  of  Grizild  was  the  invention  of 
Petrarch,  and  was  sent  by  him  to  lioccaco.  from  whom 
It  came  to  Chaucer." — fre/ace  to  Fable*. 

Griskinis'sa,  wife  of  Artaxaminous 
king  of  Utopia.  The  king  felt  in  doubt, 
and  asked  hi9  minister  of  state  this 
knotty  question : 

Shall  I  my  Grlsklnlssa's  chams  forego, 
Compel  her  to  give  up  the  royal  chair. 
and  place  the  rusy  liulidnua  there  r 


The    minister    reminds    the    king    that 
Distaffina  is  betrothed  to  his  generaL 

And  would  a  kins  his  general  supplant  I 
1  can't  advise,  upon  mv  soul  I  ant 

W.  li.   Khodes.  Hombauet  Furioto  (1790) 

Grissel  or  Grizel.  Octavia,  the 
wife  of  Mark  Antony,  and  sister  of 
Augustus,  is  called  the  "  patient  Grizel 
of  Roman  story." 

For  patience  she  will  prove  a  second  Grissel. 
Shakespeare,  Turning  o/  tUc  Shrew,  act  ii.  sc.  1  (1594). 

Griz'el  Dal'mahoy  {Miss),  the 
seamstress. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Griz'zie,  maid-servant  to  Mrs.  Saddle- 
tree.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Griz'zie,  one  of  the  servants  of  the 
Rev.  Josiah  Cargill. — Sir  W.  Scott,  bt. 
Jionan's   Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Griz'zie,  chambermaid  at  the  Golden 
Arms  inn,  at  Kippletringan. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannennj  (time,  George  II.). 

Grizzle  (Lord),  the  first  peer  of  the 
realm  in  the  court  of  king  Arthur.  He 
is  in  love  with  the  princess  Huncamunca, 
and  as  the  lady  is  promised  in  marriage 
to  the  valiant  Tom  Thumb,  he  turns 
traitor,  and  "  leads  his  rebel  rout  to  the 
palace  gate."  Here  Tom  Thumb  en- 
counters the  rebels,  and  Glumdalca,  the 
giantess,  thrusts  at  the  traitor,  but  misses 
him.  Then  the  "pigmy  giant-killer'' 
runs  him  through  the  body.  The  black 
cart  comes  up  to  drag  him  off,  but  the 
dead  man  tells  the  carter  he  need  not 
titrable  himself,  as  he  intends  "to  bear 
himself  off,"  and  bo  he  does. —  T<>m 
Thumb,  by  Fielding  the  novelist  (1780), 
altered  by  Kane  O'Hara,  author  of  Midas 
(1778). 

Groat'settar  (Miss  Clara),  niece  ot 
the  old  lady  Glowrowrum,  and  one  of  the 
guests  at  Burgh  Westra. 

Miss  Maddie  Groatscttar,  niece  of  the 
old  lady  Glowrowrum,  and  one  of  the 
guests  at  Burgh  Westra. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

GrofFar'ius,  king  of  Aquitania,  wno 
resisted  Brute  the  mythical  great-grand- 
son of  Aneas,  who  landed  there  on  his 
wav  to  Britain. — M.  Drayton,  Polyolbion, 
i.  ("1G12). 

Gronoviu.8,  father  and  son,  critics 
and  humanists  (father,  1611-1671  ;  son, 
1646-1716). 

I  have  more  sati -far-linn  In  beholding  you  than  I 
should  have  in  con  vei  sing  wiUi  Grfaviiw  and  Gronoviue 


iM. 


I  asal  rattier  pown  your  appr  ■•(  Mia 

ee*W  llnllf        l  '    '     ••  '  '•  ■*■ 

father  ,     son 

(1640-1609),  critics  and  human 

Grooni  (Squire),  '••  downright, 
Fugling  Newmarket,  Btable-bred  gen- 
tleman-jockey, who,  having  rained  his 
finances  by  dogs,  grooms,  cocks,  and 
hones  .  .  .  thinks  to  retrieve  his  affairs 
by  a  matrimonial  alliance  with  a  City 
fortune"  (canto  i.  i).  He  is  one  of  the 
■niton  of.  Charlotte  Goodchild  ;  but, 
■apposing  the  report  to  be  true  that  she 
has  lost  her  money,  he  says  to  her 
guardian  : 

"  Hark  jrel  sir  Theodore;  I  always  make  mi  mutch 
tf»*«"g  to  tho  wfinht  my  tiling  can  carry'. 
prtir.il  to  lake  bef  into  m>  stabla.  she  nj  sound  and  ill 
good  cane;  but  I  hear  her  win.l  Is.  touched.  I(  so,  1  would 
not  back  her  for  a  dinting  Matrimony  is  a  loo 
.  .  .  and  it  won't  do."— C.  Macklin.  /.ore  d  li  mod*,  U.  1 
(1779). 

Thij  was  Lee  Lewes's  great  part  [1740-1B0S1  One 
Doming  at  rehearsal,  Lewes  sail  something  not  in  tho 
JiLii.  "Hoy,  hoy  I"  cried  Macklin  ;  "what'l  tti.it  T 
what's  that!"  "Oh,"  replied  Lavas,  "'Us  oiUya  bit  of 
mj    nonsense."      "  But,"  said  M  I  "  I   like 

my  nonsense,  Mr.  Lewes,  belter  than  touts."—  < 

Grosvenor  [Grove1. nr]  Square, 
London.  So  called  because  it  is  built 
on  the  property  of  sir  Richard  Grosvenor, 
who  died  1732. 

Grotto  of  Eph'esus.  Near  Ephesus 
was  a  grotto  containing  a  statue  of  Diana 
attached  to  ft  reed  presented  by  Pan.     If 

a  young  woman,  charged  with  dishonour, 

entered  this  grotto,  and  the  reed  gave 
forth  musical  sounds,  she  was  declared  to 
be  a  pure  virgin  ;  but  if  it  gave  forth 
hideous  notes,  slu'  was  denounced  and 
never  Been  more.  Corinna  put  the  grotto 
to  the  test,  at  the  desire  of  Glancon  of 
Lesbos,  and  was  never  seen  again  by  the 

;    man. — K.  Bulwer  Lytton, 
of  Miletus,  iii.     (See  Chastity,  fox  other 

Grouse's  Day  (Simr),  the  12th  of 
August. 

They  wure  collected  with  (m  and  d.x;*  to  do  honour 
to  .  .  ,  SL  (irouse's  day.  —  London  Hocirty  i "  I'atty  s 
Kerenga"). 

Groveby  (Old),  of  Gloomstoci  Hall, 

aged    l",.").      lie   is  me    unele   of  sir    Harry 

Groveby.     Brusque,    hasty,    self-willed", 

but  kind-hearted. 

Sir  Barry  Qroveby,  nephew  of  old 
Groveby,  engaged  to  Maria  "the  maid 
of  the  Oaks.  — J.  Burgoyne,  The  Maid  of 
tkeOa 

Grovos  (Jem),  landlord  of  the  Valiant 
Boldier,  to  which 

drv   ■kittle-ground."-   C.    Dickens,    Tho 
Oid  Curitmty  Shop,  xm\.  (18 
18 


GRUEBT. 

a     stock-broker, 
tod  with  tie  •  life — - 
laugh- 
ter,  and    £100, )    in    the   Funds,    "any 

one   of  which  is  i  Irive  a  man 

mad  ;  but  all  three  to  be  ar 
'  00  much." 
Mrs.  Grub,  a  wealthy  City  woman 
has  moved  from  I 

able    west  quarter  of   I.  d  Ion,   and  has 
abandoned    merchants    and    I 
for  the  gentry. 

Einil'i    Grub,   called    -1/iV/y,   the    hand- 
some daughter  of  Jonal 
captain    Bevil   of   the  Guards. — 0  . 
. 

Grub  Street,  near  "  ,  Lon- 

don, once  famous  for  literary  hack 

inferior  literary  publications.      It  is  BOW 
called  Milton  Street.     No  compliment  to 

I*d  sooner  ballads  write  and  Grab  Street  Un. 

Gay. 

%*    The    connection     between    Grab 
Street  literature  and   Milton  is  n 
parent.     Bowever,   as    Pindar,    B 
Plutarch,  etc.,  WW  OS,   so   Voxt 

the  martyrologist.  -       I  the  his- 

torian, resided  in  Grab  v 

GrubTainol,  a  shepherd  who  sin_-s 
with  Bumkinet  a  dirge  oa  the  death  of 
Blouzelinda. 

Thus  wailed  the  louts  in  melancholy  strain. 
Till  bonny  Susan  sped  across  the.  | 
They  seized  the  la*,  in  apron  al'-.in  hrrared. 
And  to  tiir  ale-hoa  ,  I  irosd  the  «r  Ding  maul ; 
In  ale  and  kivies  they  forgot  tlMir  caroa. 
And  Susan  Bloiuelinda's  !■«*.  I 

Gay,  l\utoml.  r.  (l"Ul 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  1. '..'.,  v. 
"  Daphnia.") 

Gru'dar  and  Brns'soli   . 
and    Grudar   both    strove   for    a    - 
bull    "that    lowed   On   (odium    Heath,"  in 

i  Each  claimed  it  as  bis  own,  and 

at    length    fought,    when    Gradai 
Gairbar  to,.k  the  shield    of   Gradai  to 

high  within  my  hall  ;  'lis  the  am 

my  foe;"  but  the  maiden.  " 

fiew  to  the   spot}  when    the  found  the 

youth  in  his  bl i,"  and  died. 

Fair  was  Hr»«».ln  on  the  plain.  Stalely  was  Grodar  «» 
the  hill— Oui.i 

Grti'  I  «cn-ant     to 

Ion.      An  honest  fellow,  who 
at  d  faithful  to  Ins  ma 
bitter  end.     He  • 

life  ;     and.    although     living    under    lord 

Gordon  and    loving   him,   d< 

Crimea    into    which    his    master   wtut    bav 


GRUGEON. 


^10 


GUAKDS  OF  II IK  VOLE. 


trayed  by  bad  advice  and  false  zeal. — 
0.  Dickens,  Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Grugeon,  one  of  Fortunio's  seven 
attendants.  His  gift  was  that  he  could 
eat  any  amount  of  food  without  satiety. 
When  Fortunio  first  saw  him,  he  was 
eating  60,000  loaves  for  his  breakfast. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  For- 
tunio," 1682). 

Grum'ball  (The  Bcv.  Dr.),  from 
Oxford,  a  papist  conspirator  with  Red- 
gauntlet. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bedgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Grumbo,  a  giant  in  the  tale  of  Tom 
Thunb.  A  raven  having  picked  up  Tom 
Thumb,  dropped  him  on  the  flat  roof  of 
the  giant's  castle.  AVhen  old  Grumbo 
went  there  to  sniff  the  air,  Tom  crept 
up  his  sleeve  ;  the  giant,  feeling  tickled, 
shook  his  sleeve,  and  Tom  fell  into  the 
sea  below.  Here  he  was  swallowed  by 
a  fish,  and  the  fish,  being  caught,  was 
sold  for  kin;,'  Arthur's  table.  It  was 
thus  that  Tom  got  introduced  to  the 
great  king,  by  whom  he  was  knighted. 

Grumio,  one  of  the  servants  of 
Petruchio. — Shakespeare,  Taming  of  the 
Shrew  (1594). 

Grundy'  (Zfrs.).  Dame  Ashfield,  a 
farmer's  wife,  is  jealous  of  a  neighbour- 
ing farmer  named  Gnmdy.  She  tells 
her  husband  that  Farmer  Grundy  got  five 
shillings  a  opiarter  more  for  his  wheat 
than  they  did  ;  that  the  sun  seemed  to 
shine  on  purpose  for  Farmer  Grundy  ; 
that  Dame  Grundy's  butter  was  the 
crack  butter  of  the  market.  She  then 
goes  into  her  day-dreams,  and  says,  "  If 
our  Nelly  were  to  marry  a  great  baronet, 
I  wonder  what  Mrs.  Grundy  would  say?" 
Her  husband  makes  answer  : 

"  Whjr  dan't  tlice  letton  Mm.  Grundy  alone  T  I  do 
Terily  Uilnk  when  thee  guest  to  t'other  world,  the  rurrt 
question  thee'll  ax  '111  l>c,  if  Mrs.  Grundy's  there  I"— 
Th.  Morton,  Speed  the  Plottgh,  i.  1  (17S«). 

Gryll,  one  of  those  changed  by 
Acras  ia  into  a  hog.  He  abused  sir 
Guyon  for  disenchanting  him  ;  where- 
upon the  palmer  said  to  the  knight, 
"  Let  Gryll  be  Gryll,  and  have  his 
hoggish  mind." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
ii.  12  (1590). 

Only  n  target  light  upon  his  arm 

IN'  carena  bore,  on  which  old  Gryll  w»»  drawn. 
Transformed  into  a  hog. 

I'bin.  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Itland,  Til  (1633). 

Gryphon,  a  fabulous  monster,  having 
the  upper  part  like  a  vulture  or  eagle, 
end  the  lower  part  like  a  lion.  Gryphons 
were  the  supposed  guardians  of  gold- 
mines, and  were  in  perpetual  strife  with 


the  Arimas'pians,  a  people  of  Scythia, 
who  rifled  the  mines  for  the  adornment 
of  their  hair. 

As  when  a  gryphon  thro'  the  wilderness. 
With  winged  course,  o'er  hill  ur  noon  dale* 
Pursues  the  Ariina-pian,  who.  by  .Health, 
Had  from  his  wakeful  custody  purloined 
The  guarded  gold. 

Milton.  Paradite  U.tt,  il.  943.  etc.  (1889V 

The  Gryphon,  symbolic  of  the  divine 
and  human  union  of  Jesus  Christ.  The 
fore  part  of  the  gryphon  is  an  eagle,  and 
the  hinder  part  a  lion.  Thus  Dante  saw 
in  purgatory  the  car  of  the  Church  drawn 
bv  a  gryphon. — Dante,  I'urjatury,  xxix. 
(1308). 

Guadia'na,  the  'squire  of  rruran- 
darte,  changed  into  a  river  of  the  same 
name.  He  was  so  grieved  at  leaving  his 
master  that  he  plunged  instantaneously 
under  ground,  and  when  obliged  to  ap- 
pear "where  he  might  be  seen,  he  glided 
in  sullen  state  to  Portugal." — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  II.  ii.  6  (II 

Gualber'to  (S£.),  heir  of  Valdcspe  sa, 
and  brought  up  with  the  feudal  notion 
that  he  was  to  be  the  avenger  of  blood. 
Anselmo  was  tin-  murderer  he  was  to  lie 
in  wait  for,  and  he  was  to  make  it  the 
duty  of  his  life  to  have  blood  for  blood. 
One  day,  as  he  was  lying  in  ambush  for 
Anselmo,  the  reaper  beU  rang,  and  Gual- 
bcrto  (3  syt.)  fell  in  prayer,  but  somehow 
could  not  pray.  The  thought  struck  him 
that  if  Christ  died  to  forgive  sin,  it 
could  not  be  right  in  man  to  hold  it  beyond 
forgiveness.  At  this  moment  Anselmo 
came  up,  was  attacked,  and  cried  for 
mercy.  Gualberto  cast  away  his  dagger, 
ran  to  the  neighbouring  convent,  thanked 
God  he  had  been  saved  from  blood- 
guiltiness,  and  became  a  hermit  noted 
for  his  holiness  of  life. — Southey,  St. 
Gualberto. 

Guards  of  the  Pole,  the  two  stars 
£  and  7  of  the  Great  Bear,  and  not  the 
star  Arctoph'ylax,  which,  Steevens  says, 
"literally  signifies  the  guard  of  the 
Bear,"  i.e.  Bootes  (not  the  Polar  Guards). 
Shakespeare  refers  to  these  two  "guards" 
in  Othello,  act  ii.  sc.  1,  where  he  says  the 
surge  seems  to  "quench  the  guards  of  the 
ever-fixed  pole."  Hood  says  they  are  so 
called  "  from  the  Spanish  word  gwirdare, 
which  is  '  to  behold,'  because  they  are 
diligently  to  be  looked  unto  in  regard  of 
the  singular  use  which  they  have  in 
navigation." — Use  of  the  Celestial  Glebe 
(1590). 

How  to  knowe  the  honre  of  the  night  by  the  \Polmr1 
(i;inl  .  I.v  knowing  on  what  point  of  the  compass  lbs* 
■hall  he  at  midnight  every  fiftocnth  day  tl. roughest  tha 
whole  jiar .—  Nunuan.  i>u/ev^ird  of  Satltri  11567). 


GUALINI.  Ill 

Gua'rini  (Philip),  the  'squire  of  sir 
Hugo  de  Lacy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Guari'nos  (Admiral),  one  of  Char- 
lemagne's paladins,  t:iken  captive  at 
Roncesvalles.  He  fell  to  tlie  l<>t  of 
Marlo'les,  a  Moslem,  who  otl'ered  him 
his  daughter  in  marriage  if  he  would 
become  a  disciple  of  tiie  Arabian  pro- 
phet. Guarinos  refused,  and  was  sept 
in  a  dungeon  for  seven  years,  when  he 
was  liberated,  that  he  ought  take  part 
in  a  joust.  The  admiral  then  stabbed 
the  Moor  to  his  heart,  and,  vaulting  on 
his  grey  horse  Treb'ozond,  escaped  to 
France. 

Gu'drun,  a  lady  married  to  Sigurd 
by  the  magical  arts  of  her  mother;  and 
on  the  death  of  Sigurd  to  Atli  (Attila), 
whom  she  lvited  for  his  fierce  cruelty, 
and  murdered.  She  then  cast  herself 
into  the  sea,  and  the  waves  bore  her  to 
the  castle  of  king  Jonakun,  who  became 
her  third  husband. — Edda  of  Sainund 
Sigfusson  (1130). 

Gu'drun,  a  model  of  heroic  fortitude 
and  piou3  resignation.  She  wa3  the 
daughter  of  king  Hettel  (Attila),  and 
the  betrothed  of  Herwig  king  of  Heli- 
goland, but  was  carried  off  by  Harmuth 
king  of  Norway,  who  killed  Hettel.  As 
she  refused  to  marry  Harmuth,  he  put 
her  to  all  sorts  of  menial  work.  One 
day,  Herwig  appeared  with  an  army,  and 
having  gained  a  decisive  victory,  married 
Gudrun,  and  at  her  intercession  pardoned 
Harmuth  the  cause  of  her  great  misery. — 
A  North-Saxon  Poem  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Gud'yill  (Old  John),  butler  to  lady 
Bellcnden.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Guelph'o  (3  syl.),  son  of  Actius  IV. 
marquis  d'Este  and  of  Cunigunda  (a 
German).  Guelpho  was  the  uncle  of 
Binaldo,  and  next  in  command  to  God- 
frey, lie  led  uu  army  of  5000  men  from 
Carynthia,  in  Germany,  to  the  siege  of 

Jerusalem,    but    most   of    them    "ere    rut 

off  by  the  Persians.    Guelpho  was  noted 

for  his  broad  snoulders  and  ample 

— Tasso,  J  rusalem  Delivered,  iii.  (1675). 

Guon'riolen  (8  syl.)t  a  fairy  whose 
mother  was  a  human  being.  King  Arthur 
fell  in  love  with  her,  and  she  became  the 
mother  of  Gyneth.  When  Arthur  de- 
serted the  frail  fair  one,  she  offered  liim 
a  porting  cup  ;    but  as  he  took  it  in  his 


GUENEVRA. 

hand,  a  drop  of  the  liquor  foil  on  his 
and  burnt  it  so  severely  that  it 
'•  leapt  twenty  feet  high."  ran  mad,  and 
died.  Arthur  dashed  the  cup  on  the 
ground,  (Thereupon  it  set  lire  to  tin 
Bod  consumed  the  fairy  palace.  As  for 
Gnendolen,  she  was  never  seen  after- 
wards.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  Bridal  of 
Tricrmain,  i.  2  ("  Lyulph's  Tale,"  1313). 

GuendolOB'na,  wife  of  Locrin 
(eldest  son  of  Unite,  whom  he  suc- 
ceeded), and  daughter  of  Cori'neus  (3 
tul.).  Being  divorced,  she  retired  to 
Cornwall,  and  collected  an  army,  which 
marched  against  Locrin,  who 
killed  by  the  shot  of  an  arrow."  (iin  :i- 
dolcena  now  assumed  the  reins  of  govern- 
ment, and  her  first  act  was  to  throw 
Estrildis  (her  rival)  and  her  dan 
Sabre  into  the  Severn,  which  was  called 
Sabri'na  or  Sabren  from  that  day. — 
tey,  British  History,  ii.  1,  6  (1142). 

Guenever  or  Guinover,  a  corrupt 
form  of  Quanhuma'ra  (4  syl.),  daughtei 
of    king    Le  of    the   land   of 

Camelyard.    She  was  the  most  beautiful 

of  women,  was  the  wife  of  king  Arthur, 
but  entertained  a  criminal  attachment  to 
sir  Laoncelot  du  Lac.  Respecting  Ln« 
latter    part    of  the   queen's    history,    the 

greatest  diversity  occurs.    Thus,  vn 
says : 

Kini;  Arthur  mu  on  his  wny  In  Rome  .  .  .  when  newi 
was  brought  him  Unit  his  nephew  Modr*d.  to  whose  can 
he  had  entrusted  Britain,  lind  .  .  .  i<i  the  cruwu  ui--c 
•Hi  ;  ami  that  Uio  ijueen  Qtnnhamani  .  .  .  h.v) 
wicked]}  married  hiin.  .  .  .  When  Una.  Arthur  returnee' 
and  put  Modred  ami  his  army  to  flight  .  .  . 

.  Vork  to  tin-  City  of  Leglona  j  ,v,-ie  <<r:. 
W a/.-sl  whan  she  reeolTi  at*  lite  among  tin 

nuns  at  Julius  the  martyr. — tinttth  Uutory.  xL  1  (1141). 

Another  version  is,  that  Arthur. 
informed  of  the  adulterous  conduct  of 
Launcelot,  went  with  an  army   to    Beo- 
wick   (Brittany),   to    punish    him.     Thai 
Mordred  (his  son  by  his  own 
as  regent,  usurped  the  crown,  prOC 

'  iihur  was  dead,  and  tried  to  marry 
I  iiu  never  the  queen  ;  but  she  shut  herself 

up  in  the  Ton  er  of  London. 

die  rather  than  marry  the  usurper. 
When  she  heard  Of  the  death  of  Arthur, 
she  "stole  away"  to  Almesbnry, 

there  she  let  make  herself  n  nun,  atul 
wore  white  eloaths  and  black."    And  there 

lived  she  "  in  fasting,  prayers,  and  alms- 
deeds,  that  all  marvelled  at  her  virtuous 

life."  —  >ir   T.    Malory,    Hittory  of  l'rince 
r.  iii.  161-170  ("l  170). 
%*   rot    Tennyson's  account,  see  Gui- 
m.\  BBS. 

Gueno'vra   (3  syl.),   wife  of   Nee 


GUEKIN. 


412 


GUILLOTINE. 


uaba'nus  the  dwarf,  at  the  cell  of  the 
kermit  of  Engaddi. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Guer'in  or  Gueri'no,  son  of  Millon 
king  of  Alba'nia.  On  the  day  of  his 
birth  his  father  was  dethroned,  but  the 
child  was  rescued  by  a  Greek  slave,  who 
brought  it  up  and  sumamed  it  MescMno 
or  "The  Wretched."  When  grown  to 
man's  estate,  Guerin  fell  in  love  with 
the  princess  Elizena,  sister  of  the  Greek 
emperor,  who  held  his  court  at  Constan- 
tinople.— An  Italian  Romance. 

Guesclin'8  Dust  a  Talisman. 
Guesclin,  or  rather  Du  Guesclin,  constable 
of  France,  laid  siege  to  Chateauneuf-de- 
Randan,  in  Auvergne.  After  several 
assaults,  the  town  promised  to  surrender 
if  not  relieved  within  fifteen  days.  Du 
Guesclin  died  in  this  interval,  but  the 
governor  of  the  town  came  and  laid  the 
keys  of  the  city  on  the  dead  man's  body, 
Baying  he  resigned  the  place  to  the  hero's 
ashes  (1380). 

Franc*  . .  .  demands  his  bones  [.Vapoleon'$\ 
To  carry  onward,  in  the  battle's  ran. 
To  form,  like  Guesclin's  dust,  her  talisman. 

Byron,  Age  of  Bronze,  lv.  (1821). 

Gugner,  Odin's  spear,  which  never 
failed  to  hit.  It  was  made  by  the  dwarf 
Eitri. — The  Eddas. 

Guide'rius,  eldest  son  of  Cym'be- 
line  (3  syl.)  king  of  Britain,  and  brother 
of  Arvir'agus.  They  were  kidnapped  in 
infancy  by  Belarius,  out  of  revenge  for 
being  unjustly  banished,  and  were  brought 
up  by  him  in  a  cave.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  Belarius  introduced  them  to 
the  king,  and  told  their  story  ;  where- 
upon Cymbeline  received  them  as  his 
sons,  and  Guiderius  succeeded  him  on  the 
throne. — Shakespeare,  Cymlteline  (1605). 

Geoffrey  calls  Cymbeline  "Kymbe- 
linus  son  of  Tenuantius ;  "  says  that  he 
was  brought  up  by  Augustus  Caesar,  and 
adds:  "In  his  days  was  born  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ."  Kymbeline  reigned  ten 
years,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Guide- 
rius. The  historian  says  tbat  Kymbeline 
paid  the  tribute  to  the  Romans,  and  that 
it  was  Guiderius  who  refused  to  do  so, 
"  for  which  reason  Claudius  the  emperor 
marched  against  him,  and  he  was  killed 
by  Hamo." — British  History,  iv.  11,  12, 13 
(1142). 

Guido  "  the  Savage,"  Bon  of  Amon 
and  Constantia.  He  was  the  younger 
brother  of  Kinaldo.  Being  wrecked  on 
the  coast  of  the  Am'azons,  he  was  com- 


pelled to  fight  their  ten  male  champions, 
and,  having  slain  them  all,  to  marry  ten 
of  the  Amazons.  From  this  thraldom 
Guido  made  his  escape,  and  joined  the 
army  of  Charlemagne. — Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1516). 

Guido  [FranceschixiJ,  a  reduced 
nobleman,  who  tried  to  repair  his  fortune 
by  marrying  Pompilia,  the  putative  child 
of  Pietro  and  Violante.  When  the  mar- 
riage was  consummated,  and  the  money 
secure,  Guido  ill-treated  the  putative 
parents ;  and  Violante,  in  revenge,  de- 
clared that  Pompilia  was  not  their  child 
at  all,  but  the  offspring  of  a  Roman 
wanton.  Having  made  this  declaration, 
she  next  applied  to  the  law-courts  for 
the  recovery  of  the  money.  When 
Guido  heard  this  tale,  he  was  furious, 
and  so  ill-treated  his  child-wife  that  she 
ran  away,  under  the  protection  of  a  young 
canon.  Guido  pursued  the  fugitives, 
overtook  them,  and  had  them  arrested ; 
whereupon  the  canon  was  suspended  for 
three  years,  and  Pompilia  sent  to  a  con- 
vent. Here  her  health  gave  way,  and 
as  the  birth  of  a  child  was  expected,  she 
was  permitted  to  leave  the  convent  and 
live  with  her  putative  parents.  Guido, 
having  gained  admission,  murdered  all 
three,  and  was  himself  executed  for  the 
crime. — R.  Browning,  Tlw  Jiimj  and  the 
Book. 

Guil'denstern,  one  of  Hamlet's 
companions,  employed  by  the  king  and 
queen  to  divert  him,  if  possible,  from  his 
strange  and  wayward  ways. — Shake- 
speare, Hamlet  (1596). 

Rosenrrantz  and  Gulldenstem  are  favourable  sample* 
of  the  thorough-paced  time-serving  court  knave  .  .  . 
ticketed  and  to  be  hired  for  an/  hard  or  dirty  work. — 
Cowden  Clarke. 

Guillotiere  (4  syl.),  the  scum  of 
Lyons.  La  Guillotiere  is  the  low  quarter, 
where  the  bouches  inutiies  find  refuge. 

Guillotine  (3  syl.).  So  named  from 
Joseph  Ignace  Guillotin,  a  French  phy- 
sician, who  proposed  its  adoption,  to 
prevent  unnecessary  pain.  Dr.  Guillotin 
did  not  invent  the  guillotine,  but  he  im- 
proved the  Italian  machine  (1791).  In 
1792  Antoine  Louis  introduced  further 
improvements,  and  hence  the  instrument 
is  sometimes  called  Louisette  or  Lonison. 
The  original  Italian  machine  was  called 
mannaja  ;  it  was  a  clumsy  affair,  first 
emploved  to  decapitate  Beatrice  Cenci  in 
Rome,"  a.d.  1600. 

It  was  the  popular  theme  for  jests.  It  was  [called  La 
m&rc  Ottfllotinel  U,c  "  sharp  female,"  the  "  best  cure  fc* 
headache."     It  "inlallilly  prevented  the  hair  from  turn 


(.1  IN  ART. 


413 


GULBEYAZ. 


tag  pry ."  It  "  ling  art *>l  a  i«call»r  d.Ji'  »o  to  Ui-  aoa> 
:  Vxlun  "  It  viu  tlx  "uauonal  raaor"  vfalcta  tlwrad 
dote.  Thoaa  "who  kliued  lb* priUottni 
the  .HUc  window  and  tnreanl  Into  the  aacfc."  It  »«•«  IM 
•itlll  of  "  tlir  nviiemtioii  ..f  tho  liunuili  race."  It 
"miierwdded    the  rroaa. "     M-«lr       -  -  u    orna- 

mwtujJ.— c.  liitkoui,  .<  ru;<  a/  ;«- .  i  m...  in.  4  \\n»). 

Quinart  (•Boon*),  whose  tnic  name 
•«  -i~  I 'edro  Rocna(  ruinarda,  chief  of  ■  band 
nf  robben  who  levied  black  mail  in  the 

mountainous  districts  of  Catalonia.  He 
is  introduced  by  Cervantes  in  his  tale  of 
Dvn  Quixote. 

Guinea  {Adventures  of  a),  a  novel  t»y 
Charles  .Johnstone  (17fjl).     A  guinea,  as 

let  into  different  hands,  is  the  his- 
torian of  the  follies  and  vices  of  its 
master  for  the  time  being  ;  and  thus  a 
series  of  scenes  and  personages  arc  made 
to  i>ass  before  the  reader,  somewhat  in 
the  same  manner  as  in  The  Devil  uj>on 
Two  Sttcks  and  in  The  Chiiu.se  Jules. 

Guinea-hen,  a  file  de  jute,  a  word 
of  contempt  and  indignity  for.  ■  woman. 

Ere  I  wuuld  .  .  .  drown  miirlf  for  the  lo»e  of  a 
guinea-ken,  I  would  choice  in)  bumanltji  witli  a  baboon. 
— Sliakopeart!.  Qtaafle,  act  i.  tc.  i  [1811). 

Guinea-pip:  (^1),  a  gentleman  of 
sufficient    name    to    form    s    bait,   who 

allows  himself  to  he  pot  on  a.  din 

list  for  the  guinea  and   lunch  which  the 

board  provides. — I 

Guin'evore  (.'t  ay/.).  So  Tennyson 
■pells  the  name  of  Arthur's  queen  in  his 
lie  tells  us  of  the  Liaison  be- 
tween li'-r  and  l<  sir  Lancelot,"  and  says 
that  Uodred.  having  discovered  this 
familiarity,  "brought  his  creatures  to 
the  basement  of  the  ton  er  l'"r  testimony." 
Sir  Lancelot  tlun<,'  the  fellow  to  the 
ground,  and  instantly  took  to  horse ; 
while  Guinevere  fled  to  the  nunner)  at 
Almesbury.     Here  the  king  took  leave 

Of   her  ;    and    when    the   B>bbeSS   died,   the 

queen  was  appointed  her  successor,  and 
remained  beau  of  the  establishmi 
three  years,  when  she  also  dud. 
*0*    It  will   be  seen    thai     ren 

ta    from    the    British    History    by 

v,     and     the     H 
Arthur  as  edited  by  sir   1'.  .Malory. 
\  Kit.) 

Guiomur,  mother  of  the  vain- 
glorious Duarte.— Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher, The  Custom  of  tAt  Country    1647). 

Gut 

icred  kin„'  ..f    Salerno, 
unda,  ilie    Ling's    daughter,  lovi  d 

him,  and  clandestinely  married  him.   \\  lien 

Tancn  .  .  I  it,  he  ordered  the  young 


man  to  be  Waylaid  and  strangled.  Ha 
then    went     to    ii:- 

and  reproved  her  for  loving  a  ba  ■ 

unda   boldl; 
lor  choice,  t'ut  next  dai        -  urn  an 

a  a  golden  rasfcrt      U 

prophet    to   tell   her   what  lind  ba| 

and  she  drank  a  draught  of  |  oia<  •..      Hi  r 

father   entered    ju-l    in    tiu.e     ' 

dying  request  that  she  and  (Juiscardo 
might  l>e  luiried  in  the  same  tomb,  ihe 
royal  father 

Too  late  repented  of  Mi  rrw-1  deed. 

■  .mm  on  npnl  •— I  : 

Intombed  tlie  wretrhed  tiah*  In  royal  state. 
And  on  tlicir  monument  Lnacnbea  u.-  ir  fate 

.  .'ui.i  mmd  ffmtas  arga  from  Boccaccio). 

Guise    (//ertri   <lr    /  :  ;/•    de) 

commenced  the  afaas 

by  tlie  assassination  of  admiral   Coligny 

[Being  forbidden  to  enter 
aUis,    by    order    of     Henri    III.,    he   dis- 
obeyed   the    injunction,    and    was    mur- 

*f*   Henri  t.«  furnish 

subject  of  several  tragedies.     In   . 
we  li.c.  • 
by  John  W< 

.  by  Dryden  and  Lee.     In  FrmcA 
•  we   have    Etatt 

|,  by  Francois  Raynouard  ( I  - 

Guis'la  (8  >..■'.).  -  vo.  io 

ith   Nuin.e  ••  .she 

inherited  her  mother's  lepronS  taint." 
I  her  brothi  I 

Adosinda,    she    returned   t. 
"cursing  the   meddling  spirit   that    in- 
d  with  lor  most 

.. 
(1814 

Gui'zor  (2  si//.),  eroom  of 
l'ollcntr.      I  ire,  Utray- 

ing  his  state  of  bondage."  His  ofSi  c  «»« 
to  keep  the  bridge  on  PoUeatt 

and  to  allow  BO  one  to  |  BBS  "    I 

ing  ''  I 

ill    of   trap-dooi  -. 
.  n  a  ere  apt  to  Fall  i 

beloU  .       \\  hen    » lUJXOI    .  | 

.-ir  An.'vti,  the  knight  gave  hiss  a 
"  stunning  Mow .  • 

hire  ;  ■     villain    di 

dead.  —  S]  ■  v.     2 

n  conjectun 

■.did  for  the  due  md  his 

for    I   liar.es    1  \.    of 
■  .nous    both  :.   Bajfw, 

\ 

Gulbcy'az,    the    sult.an*.      Having 

Juan    SAOS  I    cm; Uvea, 


GULCHENRAZ. 


414 


GUXTHER. 


11  passing  on  his  way  to  sale,"  she  caused 
him  to  be  purchased,  and  introduced  into 
the  harem  in  female  attire.  On  discover- 
ing that  he  preferred  Dudii,  one  of  the 
attendant  beauties,  to  herself,  she  com- 
manded both  to  be  stitched  up  in  a  sack, 
and  cast  into  the  Bosphorus.  They  con- 
trived, however,  to  make  their  escape. — 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  (1824). 

Gul'chenraz,  surnamed  "  Gundog- 
di"  ("morning"),  daughter  of  Malek- 
al-salem  king  of  Georgia,  to  whom 
Fum-Hoam  the  mandarin  relates  his 
numerous  and  extraordinary  transforma- 
tions or  rather  metempsychoses. — T.  S. 
Gueulette,  Chinese  Tales  (1723). 

Gul'chenrouz,  son  of  Ali  Hassan 
(brother  of  the  emir'  F;>krcddin) ;  the 
"most  delicate  and  lovely  youth  in  the 
whole    world.'     He   could   "write    with 

{irecision,  paint  on  vellum,  sing  to  the 
ute,  write  poetry,  and  dance  to  perfec- 
tion ;  but  could  neither  hurl  the  lance 
nor  curb  the  steed."  Gulchenrouz  was 
betrothed  to  his  cousin  Nouron'ihar,  who 
loved  "  even  his  faults  ;  "  but  they  never 
married,  for  Nouronihar  became  the  wife 
of  the  caliph  Vathek. — \V.  Beckford,# 
Vat/ie*  (1784). 

Gu'listan  ("the  rose  garden"),  a 
collection  of  tales  and  apophthegms  in 
prose  and  verse  by  Saadi,  a  native  of 
Shiraz.  It  has  "been  translated  into 
English  by  Gladwin, 

Even  bcKBirs.  in  soliciting  alius,  will  give  utterance  to 
aonie  appropriate  pa.ss:i£e  from  the  (Julittan.—J.  J. 
Grondville. 

Gui'liver  (Lemuel),  first  a  surgeon, 
then  a  sea-captain  of  several  ships.  He 
gets  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Lilliput,  a 
country  of  pygmies.  Subsequently  he  is 
thrown  among  the  people  of  Brobdingnag, 
giants  of  tremendous  size.  In  his  next 
voyage  he  is  driven  to  Lapu'ta,  an  empire 
of  quack  pretenders  to  science  and  knavish 
projectors.  And  in  his  fourth  voyage  he 
visits  the  Houyhnhnms  [Whin'.nms], 
where  horses  were  the  dominant  powers. 
— Dean  Swift,  Travels  in  Several  Remote 
Nations.  .  .  by  Lemuel  Gulliver  (1726). 

Gulna'rS  (3  syl.),  daughter  of 
Faras'che  (3  syl.)  whose  husband  was 
king  of  an  under-sea  empire.  A  usurper 
drove  the  king  her  father  from  his  throne, 
and  Gulnare  sought  safety  in  the  Island 
of  the  Moon.  Here  she  was  captured, 
made  a  slave,  sold  to  the  king  of  Persia, 
and  became  his  favourite,  but  preserved 
a  most  obstinate  and  speechless  silenco 
for  twelve  months.     Then  the  king  made 


her  his  wife,  and  she  told  him  her  history. 
In  due  time  a  son  was  born,  whom  they 
called  Beder  ("  the  full  moon"). 

Gulnare  says  that  the  under-sea  folk  are 
never  wetted  by  the  water,  that  they  can 
see  as  well  as  we  can,  that  they  speak 
the  language  "  of  Solomon's  seal,"  and 
can  transport  themselves  instantaneously 
from  place  to  place. — Arabian  Nights 
("  Beder  and  Giauhare"). 

Gulnare  (2  syl.),  queen  of  the  harem, 
and  the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  slaves  of 
Seyd  [Seed],  Shewas  rescued  by  Conrad 
the  corsair  from  the  flames  of  the  palace  ; 
and,  when  Conrad  was  imprisoned,  she 
went  to  his  dungeon,  confessed  her  love, 
and  proposed  that  he  should  murder  the 
sultan  and  flee.  As  Conrad  refused  to 
assassinate  Seyd,  she  herself  did  it,  and 
then  fled  with  Conrad  to  the  "  Pirate's 
Isle."  The  rest  of  the  tale  is  continued 
in  Lara,  in  which  Gulnare  assumes  the 
name  of  Kaled,  and  appears  as  a  paga. 
—Byron,  T/ie  Corsair  (1814). 

Gulvi'gar  ("  vceujher  of  gold  "),  the 
Plutus  of  Scandinavian  mythology.  He 
introduced  among  men  the  love  of  gain. 

Gum'midge  (Mrs.),  the  widow  of 
Dan'el  Peggotty's  partner.  She  kept 
house  for  Dan'el,  who  was  a  bachelor. 
Old  Mrs.  Gummidge  had  a  craze  that  sho 
was  neglected  and  uncared  for,  a  waif  in 
the  wide  world,  of  no  use  to  any  one. 
She  was  always  talking  of  herself  as  the 
"  lone  lorn  cre'tur'."  When  about  to 
sail  for  Australia,  one  of  the  sailors 
asked  her  to  marry  him,  when  "  she  ups 
with  a  pail  of  water  and  flings  it  at  his 
head." — C.  Dickens,  David  Copperfield 
(1849). 

Gundof orus,  an  Indian  king  for 
whom  the  apostle  Thomas  built  a  palace 
of  sethym  wood,  the  roof  of  which  was 
ebony.  He  made  the  gates  of  the  horn 
of  the  "  horned  snake,"  that  no  one  with 
poison  might  be  able  to  pass  through. 

Gungnir  ,  Odin's  spear. — Scandi- 
navian Mythology. 

Gunpowder.  The  composition  of 
gunpowder  is  expressly  mentioned  by 
Roger  Bacon  in  his  treatise  De  Nullitate 
Hague,  published  1216. 

.  .  .  earth  and  air  were  sadly  shaken 
Br  thy  humane  di>covery,  friar  Bacon. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  viil.  S3  (1811). 

G  anther,  king  of  Burgundy  and 
brother  of  Kricmhild  (2  syl.).  Hts  re- 
solved to  wed  Brunhild,  the  martial  (jneeu 
of  Issland,  and  won  her  by  the  aid  of 
Siegfried ;   but    the    bride    behaved    M 


GUPPY. 


i.i  v  BABL  OP  WARWICK. 


obstreperously  Umt  the  bridegroom  had 
apiim  t«>  apply  t"  his  friend  ft 
Siegfried  contrived  to  get  possession  of 
her  ring  ami  tri r< I !<•,  after  which  she 
became  a  submissive  wife.  Gltnther, 
with  ha.:c  ingratitude,  was  privy  to  th*- 
mnrder  of  hii  friend,  aud  was"  himself 
•lain  in  t!ie  dungeon  of  Btzel  by  his 
sister  Kriemhild.  —  The  Nibehutgen  J.fl. 
***  In  history,  Gflnther  is  called 
'  Guntacher,"  ami  F.t/i  1  "  Attila." 

Qup'py  (J/'".)r  clerk  in  the  office  of 
Kenge  and  Carboy.  A  weak,  common- 
place youth,  wlio  h.is  the  conceit  to 
propose  to  Bather  Bammenon.  the  ward 
in  Chancery. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  lluuse 
(1868). 

Gurgus'tug,  according  to  Drayton, 

Bon   of   llchnus.     This    is    a    mistake,   as 

Gurjrustus,  or  rather  Gurgostins,  was  son 
of  Rivallo  ;  and  Uie  son  of  Bcunus  whs 
Gurgiunt  Brabtrnc.  Tin:  names  given  by 
Geoffrey,  in  his  British  History,  run  thus: 
Leir  (Zeur),  Cunedag  his  grandson,  Rirallo 
his  son,  Gurgustiua  liis  son,  Sisillius  his 
son,  Jago  nephew  of  Gurgustiua,  Kinmarc 
son  of  Sisillius,  then  <  rorbogud.  1 1 
line  is  broken,  and  the  new  dynasty 
begins  with  Molmutius  of  Cornwall, 
then  his  son  Belinus,  who  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  Gnrginnt  Brabtrnc,  whose  son 
and  successor  was  Gnithelin,  called  by 
Drayton  "Gnynteline." — Geoffrey, . 
1  ,,  ii.,  i'ii.  (1142). 

In  (P't'.nM!  nat  nirceoli  lk-IInm*  worthy  mn 
QoHutaa  who  *m.i>  un  what  hu  K'ff.'t  tUha  won 

To  Gu)i,lulino  hi.  h.ir. 

M.  Drayton.  Polpotblon.  riii.  (1013). 

Crurney  (Gilbert),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  Theodore  ilo..k.  This 
novel  is  a  spiced  autobiography  of  the 

author  himself  (1886). 

(homey  {Thuuuis),  shorthand  writer, 
and  author  of  a  work  on  the  subject, 
•ailed  Brachygrttpky  (170.>-177(i). 

If  you  would  like  to  mm  Uio  whole  prow*  ling*  .  .  . 
The  bo«t  1«  ihni  in  rtnrthand  ta'to  bj  I 
Who  to  ModrU  on  purpcM  nudf  a  joumnr. 

Byron.  Ihm  ;»m,  L  1SV  (1819). 

Gurth,  the  swine-herd  and  thrall 
of  Cedric  "I"  Botherwood. — Sir  W,  Scott, 
1     ■ .  ■■■  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Gurton  (Oammer),  the  heroine  of  an 

old     English     comedy.      '1  he     plot    turns 

upon  the  loss  of  a  needle  by  Gammer 
I  a,    and    its    subsequent     dis< 

•ticking   in    the  of    her   m  in 

B        .—Mr.  J.  s.  Master  of  An-*  | 

(Suae  Gibbie,  ■  halfwitted  lad  m 
th«  service  of  lady  Bellenden.  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mvrtaldy  (time,  Charles  11.). 


Gushintrton  the  nam  <k 

plu//id  of  lad] 

Gustavus  III.  used  to  pay  there  were 
two  thii  .  in  equal  abhorrence — 

ICCO. 

Gusta'vus  Vasa  ,  hav- 

ing   made    hi^  escape    from  l'umark, 
where  he  had  been  tn  .  carried 

captive,   worked   as  a  oomraon  La 
for  a  time  in  I 
carlia   [Dot Je.karl' .VO  i  ;   but  the  t; 

of  Christian  II.  of  Denmark  indue 
Dalecarliana  to  r.  . 
ehosen  their  leader.     I 

hrea  masters  of  Stockholm  ;  l 
tiau   abdicated,  and    Bweden  hen 
became  an    independent    kingdom. — II. 
Brooke,  Gustam  ,  Pass  (17$ 

Gus'ter,  the  Snagsbya1  maid-of-all- 
work.       A     poor,    OTerworki 

Subject   to   titS. C.     111.     .  .     JIuUSj 

Gusto  Picaresoo  -  >gue- 

:  • 

iards  especially  i 

Mondo  sa's  Lanarillo  d> 

Mate  ■   Aleman'a    Gasman    d'Al/araeke 

Guthrio   (John),  one  of  the    . 
of  the  Scottish  guard  in  tie 

Louis    XI.— Sir    \-  .  .  a.'..i   har- 

vard (time,  Edward  IV.. 

Gutter    Lane,   London,    a  comp- 
tion  of  Guthumn  Lane:  so  called  from  a 
Mr.   Guthurun  «v  Guthrum, 
■eased  the  chief  property  therein.''-  B     w, 
18). 

Gutter     Lyrist 
Williams  Buchanan  ;  so  calleil  from  his 
poems  on  the  lores  ■■!'  o  i  rs  and 

their  wenches  (1841-  ). 

Guy  (Thomas),  the  miser  and  philan- 
thropist. 11<  .  rtune 
in     [720    by  S    I 

st"ck,   and    gave    •  .1  and 

endow  1 1  ital  (1M ' 

Guy  earl  ofWarwiok,  an  English 
He  proposed  marri  .    ■ 

or   l'hillis,    «  to   his 

suit  till  he  had   d 

knightly  di  • 

rmany. 
t 

•    king 

■ 

Phelis  and  married  her.      In  forty  days  he 

returned    to    the    Holy    Land,    when   ha 


GUY  FAWKES. 


416 


GWTXEDD. 


redeemed  earl  Jonas  out  of  prison,  slew 
the  giant  Am'erant,  and  performed  many 
other  noble  exploits.  Again  he  returned 
to  England,  just  in  time  to  encounter  the 
Danish  giant  Colebrond  (2  syl.)  or  Col- 
brand,  which  combat  is  minutely  de- 
scribed by  Drayton,  in  his  Polyolbion,  xii. 
At  Windsor  he  slew  a  boar  "  of  passing 
might."  On  Dunsmore  Death  he  slew 
the  dun  cow  of  Dunsmore,  a  wild  and 
cruel  monster.  In  Northumberland  he 
Blew  a  winged  dragon,  "black  as  any 
cole,"  with  the  paws  of  a  lion,  and  a  hide 
which  no  sword  could  pierce  (Polyolbion, 
xiii.).  After  this  he  turned  hermit,  and 
went  daily  to  crave  bread  of  his  wife 
Phelis,  who  knew  him  not.  On  his  death- 
bed he  sent  her  a  ring,  and  she  closed  his 
dying  eyes  (K90-958). 

Guy  Fawkes,  the  conspirator,  went 
under  the  name  of  John  Johnstone,  and 
pretended  to  be  the  servant  of  Mr.  Percy 
(1577-1G0G). 

Guy  Mannering,  the  second  of 
Scott's  historical  novels ,  published  in 
1M15,  just  seven  months  after  Wcnerieu, 
The  interest  of  the  tale  is  well  sustained ; 
but  the  love  scenes,  female  characters, 
and  Guy  Mannering  himself  are  quite 
worthless.  Not  so  the  character  of 
Dandy  Dinmont,  the  shrewd  and  witty 
counsellor  Pleydell,  the  desperate  sea- 
beaten  villainy  of  Hattcraiek,  the  uncouth 
devotion  of  that  gentlest  of  all  pedants 
poor  Domine  Sampson,  and  the  savage 
crazed  superstition  of  the  gipsy-dweller 
in  Derncleugh  (time,  George  II.). 

Oti'j  Mannering  was  the  work  of  six  weeks  About 
Christmas  time,  and  marks  of  haste  are  visible  both  In  the 
plot  and  In  its  development. — Chambers,  Engtith  Litera- 
ture, 11.  5S6. 

Guyn'teline  or  Guith'elin,  ac- 
cording to  Geoffrey,  son  of  Gurgiunt 
Brabtruc  (British  History,  iii.  11,  12,  13); 
but,  according  to  Drayton,  son  of  Gur- 

gistus  an  early  British  king.  (See 
fJBGTJSTTJB.)  II is  queen  was  Martia, 
who  codified  what  are  called  the  Martian 
Laws,  translated  into  Anglo-Saxon  by 
king  Alfred.     (See  Maktian  Laws.) 

Gurgustus  .  .  .  left  what  his  great  father  won 
To  GuyMeline  his  hrir.  whoM  QHMB   ..   . 
To  wise  Muunuiiui  laws  her  Martian  Erst  dirt  frame. 
Drayton,  folyolttion.  viii.  (161U). 

Guyon  (&>),  the  personification  of 
"temperance."  The  victory  of  tem- 
perance over  intemperance  is  the  subject 
of  bk.  ii.  of  the  Faery  Queen.  Sir  Guyon 
tirst  lights  on  Amavia  (intemperance  of 
yriej"),  a  woman  who  kills  herself  <>ut 
of  grief  for  her  husband  ;  and  he  t:ikes 
hf*J    infant   boy    ami    commits  it   to   the 


care  of  Medi'na.  He  next  meets  Bra#- 
gadoccio  (intemperance  of  the  toivjue),  who 
is  stripped  bare  of  everything.  He  then 
encounters  Furor  (intemperance  of  anjer), 
and  delivers  Phaon  from  his  hands.  In- 
temperance of  desire  is  discomfited  in 
the  persons  of  Pyr'oclus  and  Cym"oclea; 
then  intemperance  of  pleasure,  or  wanton- 
ness, in  the  person  of  Phaedria.  After  hil 
victory  over  wantonness,  he  sees  Mam- 
mon (intemperance  of  worldly  wealth  and 
honour)  \  but  he  rejects  all  his  offers,  and 
Mammon  is  foiled.  His  last  and  great 
achievement  is  the  destruction  of  the 
"  Lower  of  Bliss,"  and  the  binding  in 
chains  of  adamant  the  enchantress 
Acrasia  (or  intemperance  generally). 
Thia  enchantress  was  fearless  against 
Force,  but  Wisdom  and  Temperance 
prevailed  against  her. — Spenser,  Faery 
,.  ii.  12  (1590). 

Guyot  (Jn'rtramf),  one  of  the  archers 
in  the  Scottish  guard  attached  to  Louis 
XI. — Sir  W.  Bcott,  Queiitin  Durtcard 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Guzman  d'Alfara'che  (4  syl.), 
hero  of  a  Spanish  romance  of  roguery. 
He  begins  by  being  a  dupe,  but  soon 
becomes,  a  knave  in  the  character  of 
stable-boy,  beggar,  swindler,  pander, 
student,  merchant,  and  so  on. — Mateo 
Aleman  (1589). 

*»*  Probably  The  Life  of  Guzman 
Alfarachi  suggested  to  Lesa^e  The  Life 
of  Oil  Bias,  It  is  certain  that  l 
borrowed  from  it  the  incident  of  the  paia- 
site  who  obtained  a  capital  supper  out  of 
the  greenhorn  by  terming  him  the  eighth 
wonder. 

Gwenhid'wy,  a  mermaid.  The 
white  foamy  waves  are  called  her  sheep, 
and  the  ninth  wave  her  ram. 

Take  shelter  when  you  see  Gweiihidwy  driving  her  flock 
Mfcure . —  lte/«n  I'rmerb. 

.  .  .  they  watched  the  great  sea  fall. 
Wave  after  wave,  each  mightier  ilian  the  last ; 
Till  Inst,  a  ninth  one.  lathering  half  the  deep. 
And  full  of  voices,  slcwly  rose  and  plunged. 
Koaring,  and  all  the  wave  was  In  a  flame. 

Ten n> son.  Tin  Holy  Oratk 

Gwent,  Monmouthshire. 

Not  a  brook  of  Morgany  [Glamorganshire]  nor  Gweat, 
M.  Drayton,  Pulyulbion,  lv.  (1612). 

Gwineth'ia  (4  ay**.),  North  Wales. 

Which  thro'  Gwinethla  be  so  famous  everywhere. 
Diajton,  l-utgulbion,  ix.  (1613k 

Gwynedd     or     Gwyhkth,     Nsrfb 

Wales.  Bhodri  Mawr,  in  NT.'J,  moved 
to  Aber'frow  the  seat  of  government,  pre- 
viously fixed  at  Dyganwy. 

Among  the  hills  Of  Gwyneth,  and  Its  wtlda 
And  muunuun  ^lens. 

Soutliey,  -"« dot,  I  IS  QMS 


GWTNNB. 

Gwynne  (Nell),  one  of  the  favourites 
of  Charles  II.     She  was  an  BCtreSB,   bat 

in  lier  palmy  days  was  aoted  for  her 
many  works  of  benevolence  and  kindness 
of  heart.  The  last  words  of  king  <  lharlea 
wtti,  "Don't  let  poor  Nelly  starve  !  " — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  il\e  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Gyas  and  Cloan'trms,  two  com- 
panions of  iEne'as,  generally  mentioned 
together  as  "fortis  Gyas  fortisque  Cloan- 
tlins."  The  phrase  has  become  prover- 
bial for  two  very  similar  characters. — 
Virgil,  JEncid. 

The  "stnuiK  Gyas  "and  the  "str.inz  r]nanthm"are  loss 
djetlngulihed  by  the  poet  than  the  itrone  P<  i 

the  ^tr..nt'  osb:iML>tgiioji  were  by  uuluuxd  a|)i*;.ir;iiice. — 
Bir  W.  Scott. 

Gyges  (2  syl.),  one  of  the  Tilnns. 
He  had  fifty  heads  and  a  hundred  hands. 

Oyges,  a  king  of  Lydia,  of  whom  Apollo 
said  he  deemed  the  pour  Arcadian  Ag'laos 
more  happy  than  the  king  Gyges,  who 
▼as  proverbial  for  his  wealth. 

Gyges  (2  syl.),  who  dethroned  Oan- 
daules  (3  syt.)  king  of  Lydia,  and  married 
Nysaia  the  young  widow.  Herodotoa 
"ays  that  Candaules  showed  Gyges  the 
queen  in  her  bath,  and  the  queen,  in- 
dignant at  tliis  impropriety,  induced 
Gyges  to  kill  the  king  and  marry  her 
(b'k.  i.  H).     He  reigned  B.O.  716-678. 

8  Ring  rendered  the  wearer  in- 
visible. Plato  says  thatGygea  found  the 
ring  in  the  llanks  of  a  brazen  horse,  and 
was  enabled  by  this  talisman  to  enter  the 
king's  chamber  unseen,  and  murder  him. 

Why  did  y.ni  think  thai  JOT  ,'"1  On*  r'"-'- 
or  the  herb  I  far*  «<•.•<*  |  that  gira  Invisibility! 

Beaumulltand  Fletcher,  fair  JJaia  .,/  "'<-'  I'm.  1.  1  (1W7). 

Gynec'ium,  the  apartment  in  which 
the  Anglo-Saxon  women  lived. — Fos- 
broke,  Antiquities,  ii.  570  (1824). 

Gyneth,  natural  daughter  of  Guen- 
dolcn  and  king  Arthur.  The  king 
promised  to  ^ive  her  in  marriage  to 
the  bravest  knight  in  a  tournament  in 
which  the  warder  was  given  to  her  to 
drop  when  she  pleased.  The  haughty 
beauty  saw  twenty  knights  fall,  among 
whom  was  Vanoc,  son  of  .'Merlin.  Im- 
mediately Vanoc  fell,  Merlin  rose,  put 
an  end  to  the  jousts,  and  caused  Gyneth 

to  fall  into  a  trance,  from  winch  she  "as 
ever  to  wake   till   her  hand  was  claimed 

.n  marriage  by  some  knight  as  brave  as 

those  who  had   fallen    in   the  tournament. 

Alter    the   lap^e   of    ,: years,    De    Yaux 

Undertook   to   break  the  spell,  ami   had    to 

■vareomsj  four  temptations,  Ha.,    tear, 


417  BADES. 


avarice,  pleasure,  and  ambition.    Having 
succeeded   m  these   encounl 

awoke    and    became    his    bride.— Si]     W, 

Bridal  of  L*H  rm  mi  |  I 

Gyp,  the  college  servant  of  Bin 
ton.  who  stole  his  tea  and  sugar,  candles, 
and  so  on.     After  BlushingtOD  came  into 
his    fortune,    he    made    Gyp    In-  • 

d estic  and  private  secretary. — W.  T. 

Moncrieff,  The  Bashful  Man. 

Gyptian  (Stint),  a  vagrant, 

Pcrr:Lv  [perotonof] ».  .nn-i  ini<-«  st  Qyptlanli  ri'irrjmT 

Iii.l  carle  mo  a  month  lye  •.  too 

To  brake  the  bowm  l  .  :«fl 

they  had  no  ball  lore, 

Q,  Haanolgna,  t>*  tiu.ua  »/  »ur«,  luu  (died  itsri. 


H.  B.,  the  initials  adopted  by  Mr. 
Doyle,  father  of  Richard  Doyle,  in  hia 
Reform  Caricatur 

H.  TJ.  (hard  xtj>),  an  II.  U.  membe. 
of  society. 

Hackburn  (SSmon  of),  a  friend  of 
Hobbie  Elliott,  Earmeral  the Heugh-foot. 

— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Hackum   (Captain),  a  thick-headed 

bully    of    Alsatia,    once    a    sergeant    in 
Flanders.       lie  deserted   his  colours,   tied 

to  England,  took  refuge  in  Alsatia,  and 

assumed  the  title  of  captain. — Shadwell, 
S-juire  of  A!  sat  at  (1683 

Had  I  a  Heart  for  Falsehood 
Framed!  —  Sheridan,  Tlie  Dmtma 
(1778). 

Hadad,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Mm  . 
the  East  led  by  the  guiding  star  :■ 

lie  let!  his  beloved  COnSOlt,  fairest  of  the 

daughters  of  Bethu'rim.    At  his  d< 

she    shed    no   ttar,  yet    was   her    lovi 

ceeding  thai  of  mortals. — Klftpstock,  1  td 

.  v.  (1771). 

11  ni'away  (Jack),  a  former  neigh- 
bour   Ol  Bwart     the    sum 

captain.  —  .Sir     \V.     Scott,     i. 

(tune,  George  111.). 

Ha'dea  (3  syl.),  the  god  of  the  un. 
seen  world  ;  also  applied  to  the  grave,  01 

the  abode  of  departed 

%•   In  the   ApostM  C'/(c(/,  the  phrase 


HADGI.  418 


"  descended  into  hell  "  is  equivalent  to 
"  descended  into  hades." 

Hadgi  (Abdullah  el),  the  soldan's 
envoy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Hadoway  (Mrs.),  Lovel's  landlady 
at  Fairport.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Hadramaut,  a  province  containing 
the  pit  where  the  souls  of  infidels  dwell 
after  death.  The  word  means  M  Cham- 
bers of  death." — Al  Koran. 

Hse'mony,  a  most  potent  counter- 
charm,  more  powerful  even  than  mo'ly 
('/■v.).  So  called  from  llamionia,  i.e. 
Thessaly,  the  land  of  magic. 

...  a  small,  unsightly  root. 
But.  of  divine  effect .  .  . 
The  leaf  ni  darkish  and  had  prickles  on  It ; 
But  in  another  country 

I'.ore  a  bright  golden  flower ;  but  not  In  this  soil. 
Unknown  and  like  esteemed.  and  the  dull  swuin 
Tieiids  on  It  daily  with  his  clouted  shoon  ; 
And  yet  mure  med'clnal  is  it  than  that  Moly 
That  Hermes  once  to  wise  Ulysses  gave, 
lie  \ihc  iheph*rd\  called  it  Hwnonjr,  and  gave  It  me. 
And  bade  me  keen  it,  as  of  sovereign  use 
'Oninst  all  enchantments,  mildew,  blast,  or  damp. 
Or  ghastly  furies'  apparition. 

Milton,  Comui  (1(01). 

Haemos,  in  Latin  II.  km  is,  a  chain 
of  mountains  forming  the  northern  boun- 
dary  of  Thrace.  Very  celebrated  by 
poets  as  "the  cool  Hajmus." 

And  Hxmus'  hills  with  snows  eternal  crowned. 

Pope,  Hind,  ii.  4U  (1715). 

Hafed,  a  gheber  or  fire-worshipper,  in 
love  with  Ilinda  the  emir's  daughter. 
He  was  the  leader  of  a  band  sworn  to 
free  their  country  or  die  in  the  attempt. 
His  rendezvous  was  betrayed,  but  when 
the  Moslem  came  to  arrest  him,  he  threw 
himself  into  the  sacred  fire  and  was 
burnt  to  death. — T.  Moore,  Lalla  Eookh 
("  The  Fire-Worshippers,"  1817). 

Haf'edal,  the  protector  of  travellers, 
one  of  the  four  gods  of  the  Adites 
(2  syl.). 

Hafiz,  the  nam  dc  plume  of  Mr.  Stott 
in  the  Morning  Press.  Byron  calls  him, 
"grovelling  Stott,"  and  adds,  "What 
would  be  the  sentiment  of  the  Persian 
Anacreon  ...  if  he  could  behold  his 
name  assumed  by  one  Stott  of  Dromore, 
the  most  impudent  and  execrable  of 
literary  poachers?" — Enjlish  Bards  and 
Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

Hafod.  As  bifj  a  fool  as  Jack  Hafod. 
Jack  Hafod  was  a  retainer  of  Mr. 
Bartlett  of  Castlemorton,  Worcestershire, 


HAIDEE. 

and  the  ultimus  scurrarum  of  Great 
Britain.  He  died  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Hagan,  son  of  a  mortal  and  a  sea- 
goblin,  the  Achilles  of  German  romance. 
He  stabbed  Siegfried  while  drinking  from 
a  brook,  and  laid  the  body  at  the  door  of 
Kriemhild,  that  she  might  suppose  he  had 
been  killed  by  assassins.  Hagan,  having 
killed  Siegfried,  then  seized  the  "  Nibe- 
ltmg  hoard,"  and  buried  it  in  the  Rhine, 
intending  to  appropriate  it.  Kriemhild, 
after  her  marriage  with  Etzel  king  of  the 
Huns,  invited  him  to  the  court  of  her 
husband,  and  cut  off  his  head.  He  is 
described  as  "  well  grown,  strongly  built, 
with  long  sinewy  legs,  deep  broad  chest, 
hair  slightly  grey,  of  terrible  visage,  and 
of  lordly  gait"  (stanza  1789). —  Tlte 
Nibelungen  Lied  (1210). 

Ha'garenes  (3  syl.),  the  descendants 
of  Hagar.  The  Arabj  and  the  Spanish, 
Moors  are  so  called. 

Often  he  [St.  James]  hath  been  seen  conquering  and 
destroying  the  Hagarenes.— Cervantes,  Don  i^uixutc,  11. 
iv.  6  Util5). 

Hagenbach  (Sir  Archibald  von), 
governor  of  La  Ferette. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Hague  (1  syl.).  This  word  means 
"  mi  ailow,"  and  is  called  in  the  Dutch, 
S'  (iravenhagen  ("  the  count's  hague  or 
meadow"). 

Haiatal'nefous  (5  syl.),  daughter 
and  only  child  of  Ar'manos  king  of  the 
"  Isle  of  Ebony."  She  and  Badoura 
were  the  two  wives  of  prince  Camaral'- 
zaman,  and  gave  birth  at  the  same  time 
to  two  princes.  Badoura  called  her  son 
Aingiad  ("  the  most  glorious  "),  and 
llaiaialnefous  called  her's  Assad  ("the 
most  happy  "). — Arabian  Nights  ("  Cama- 
ralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Haidee',  "the  beauty  of  the  Cy- 
clades,"  was  the  daughter  of  Lambro 
a  Greek  pirate,  living  in  one  of  tho 
Oyelades.  Her  mother  was  a  Moorish 
maiden  of  Fez,  who  died  when  Haidee 
was  a  mere  child.  Being  brought  up  in 
utter  loneliness,  she  was  wholly  Nature's 
child.  One  day,  don  Juan  was  cast  on 
the  shore,  the  only  one  saved  from  a 
shipwrecked  crew,  tossed  about  for  many 
days  in  the  long-boat.  Haidee  lighted 
on  the  lad,  and,  having  nursed,  him  in  a 
cave,  fell  in  love  with  him.  A  report 
being  heard  that  I>ambro  was  dead,  don 
Juan  gave  a  banquet,  but  in  the  midit  of 


BAIMON 

the  revelry,  the  bid  pirate  returned,  and 
ordered  don  .'nan  t<   be  Mixed  unci  told 
a*  ii  slave.     Haidee  i>ri»ki-  s  blood 
f  r«mi  grid  end  fright,  end, 
take  anv  nourishment,  died.—  Byi 
Juan,  ii".  118;  iii.,   iv.   (1819,  1821). 

Lord  Byron  appenn  t>  up  no  pArt  nf  Mi 

poNB  witii  to  mucli  beautv  and   I  >i  iui  Hint 

wlil.li  narrates  tiio  lores  u(  Juanalid    Hlld— 
tun  llrjdjjea. 

Don  Jujiii  U  dashed  on  the  shore  of  the  Cyetadea.  whers 

be  n  bond  by  ■•»  baaaUfu]  and  In anl  glrC  tbi 

of  an  old  Greek  i  r  kind  of 

l  n  ..f  il,i«  loddaot  :  til 

Lie— the  utter  lon.-lincM  of  tin-  m 

•  onditlon  ,.f  ii. 

•rarTtbinf  0OH  pire.  lu  rentier  II  u  true  rolnauco.  —  li.ack- 

vvxl'l   itajaiiii*. 

Haimon  {The  Four  Rms  of),  the 
title  of  ■  minnesong  in  the  degeneracy 
nf  that  poetie  school,  which  rose  in  <•■  r- 

niany  with  the  house  of  Ilohenstaufcn, 
ami  went  out  in  the  middle  of  the 
Miirtcenth  century. 

Hair.    Every  three  days,  when  Cor'- 

sina  combed  the  hair  of  Fair.-t.-tr  and  her 
two    brothers,     "a    great    many    valuable 

jewels  were  combed  out,  which  Bhl 

at  the  nearest  town." — ComteSSe]  >' Annoy, 

Fairy  Talcs  (•*  Princeu  Fairstar," 

"I   suspected,"   mid   Conin.i.  DO)   Um 

brotbar  of  Paifftar,  for  In*  dm  noltbara  sou*  nor  oolbw 

I    at'l  true," 
i  I  bar  husband;  "but  j-«.  ib  f.,ll  out  of  lm  hair,  as 

We'l  as  out  of  Iho  oUiere'." — I'rincrtt  FMnrtSf. 

Hair.     Mrs.   Astley,  an  actress  of    the 
lastcentury,  win  of  "Old  Astlcv, 
ttand    up   and   cover    her   feet  with    her 
tlaxen  hair. 

Rhe  had  mrh  luiurlant  Imlr  that  the  could  iitnnd  UUilgM 

and    It   <  >  ■  r  fret    like   n  \.  il.      S!        . 

■road  of  than  Baxan  locks;  and  a  .li^ht  accident  bj  lire 

»  .  loviiid  tab  Imn  I 

!  I   bar  loud,  and  i  hi  •■• 

Die  ruiiin.'i|uri .  .    ,ii  arfalcb  am 

' 

skull  d. «s  to  lU  Ud) .  —  Philip  Av  . 

Mdiie.  Boia  de  Chine,  exhibited  in 
London  in   L862  ;>,  had  a  moat   profuse 

head    of     hair,    and    al  black 

beard,  lar^'o  whiskers,  and  thick  hair  00 
her  arms  and  legs. 

Charlei  XII.  had  in  hia  army  a  woman 
whose  beard  was  ■  yard  and  ■  half 
She  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of 
Pultowa,  and   presented   to  the  c.ir   in 
1721. 

Johann  May.',  the  German  painter,  had 
a  beard  which  touched  the  ground  when 
l  op. 

I  rthe,  in    the 

rourt  of  [van  "1   ■     I  •  rnblc  "of  I. 
had  a  beard  five  feel  two  inches  long,     it 
k,  broad,  and  ol  u  \ .  Lion  ish  hue. 
— link  lint  , 


41»  HAKIM. 

H.iir  Cut   CM".     H  was  Mid  by  the 
l  ana  that  life  would  not 

i,uit  the  body  of  ■  i  ictim  till  a 

lock   Of  hair  had    : 

head  of  the  victim  and  given  t"  i 

. 
die  an  a  volo 
her  husband, 

of  her  hair  !  .  ninl«. 

When  Dido  immolsited  hem  i",  si  i 

not   die   till    Iris   had    C 
yellow  locks  for  the     amc  purpose. — Vir- 
gil, A'.n.  ./.].. 

IrU  cut  the  >ell  .«r  fuiir  of  unl 
ehann.— O.  W.  llulmc*.  Autornu  0/  IA«  .       . 

Hair  Sipni  of  Rank. 

'1  he  Parttuans  and   ancient  Per?: 
high  rank  wore  long  flowing  hair. 

Homer    b]  haired 

Creeks"  by  way  of  honourabli 
luently  the  Ath<  nian  i 
long  hiur,  and  all  Laced 
did  the  same. 
The  Gauls  c  long  hair  an 

honour,    for  whit  b 

!    them    to    cut  air    in 

token  of  submission. 

The  Franks  and  ancient  Germans  con- 
sidered longhair  a  mark  of  noble  birth. 

1  lodion  the  Frank  WSSCalle  . 
Lonu'-Haired,"     and     hi 
spoken  of  as  let  roil  e/Y*Di  .'•• 

The  Goths  look)  1  on  Ions  hafa 

mark  of  honour,  and  short  hair  ad  a  mark 
Of  thraldom. 

For    many   centuries   long   hair   H 
France  the  distinctive  mark  of  kincja  and 

Doblea. 

Halz'nza      -•/.),  the  hone  on  which 
the  archan  i 
a  squadron  i 
8 

dr. 

Hit!. 

1  \  amar. 

The  tir.-t  bakem  ••■  itimite 

caliph,  • 

to  be  incarnal 

who  ha 

God  and  man.      He  \\a-   -:..;:i  on   .. 

Mokattam,  m  ar  l 

- 

BoU..  at   l>ru**i.   L 

I  I  A  k 

• :  :      i  Ho    1 

i.  I  c-i  ur  de  \.\<n  in  ii<  '• 

him  a  medicine  in  which 

had     I  I  ,     and     tho    sick     k.:n^ 


HALCRO.  420 


recovered  from  his  fever. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Halcro  (Claud),  the  old  bard  of 
Magnus  Troil  the  udaller  of  Zetland. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William 

III.). 

%*  A  udaller  is  one  who  holds  his 
land  by  allodial  tenure. 

Halcyon  a  Weathercock.    It  is 

said  that  if  the  kingfisher  or  halcyon  is 
hung,  it  will  show  which  way  the  wind 
blows  by  veering  about. 

How  now  stands  the  wind  f 

Into  what  corner  peers  my  halcyon's  bill? 

Marlowe,  Jew  of  Malta  11586). 
Or  iu  a  halcyon  with  her  turning  brest. 
Demonstrates  wind  from  wind  and  east  from  weft. 
Stover,  Life  and  Death  of  Thorn.  Woliey.  Card.  (1 5yy). 

Halden  or  Halfdene  (2  syl.),  a 
Danish  king,  who  with  Basrig  or  Ba 
another  Scandinavian  king,  made  (in  871) 
a  descent  upon  Wessex,  and  in  that  one 
year  nine  pitched  battles  were  fought 
with  the  islanders.  The  first  was  Engle- 
field,  in  Berkshire,  in  which  the  Danes 
were  beaten  ;  the  second  was  Reading,  in 
which  the  Danes  were  victorious ;  the 
third  was  the  famous  battle  of  /Escesdun 
or  Ashdune,  in  which  the  Danes  were 
defeated  with  great  loss,  and  king  Bag- 
secg  was  slain.  In  909,  Halfdene  was 
slain  in  the  battle  of  Wodneslield  (Staf- 
fordshire). 

Rending  ye  regained  .  .  . 

Where  Basrig  ye  outbraved,  and  Halden  sword  to  sword. 
Drayton,  PotyoiMon,  xii.  (1618). 

Hal'dimund  (Sir  Eu-cs),  a  friend  of 
lord  Dalgarno. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortune* 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hales  (John),  called  "The  Ever- 
Memorable"  (1584-1656). 

The  works  of  John  Hales  were  pub- 
lished after  his  death,  in  1G59,  under  the 
title  of  The  Golden  Remains  of  the  Ever- 
Memorable  Mr.  John  Males  of  Eton 
College  (three  vols.). 

Halkit  (Mr.),  a  young  lawyer  in  the 
introduction  of  sir  W.  Scott's  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (1818). 

Hall  (Sir  Christopher),  an  officer  in 
the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Hallam's  Greek.  Henry  Hallam 
reviewed,  in  The  Edinburgh,  Payne 
Knight's  book  entitled  An  Analytical 
Inquiry  into  the  Principles  of  'Taste,  and 
lashed  most  unmercifully  some  Greek 
verses  therein.  It  was  not  discovered 
that  the  lines  were  Findak's  till  it  was 


HAMET. 

too  late   to  cancel  the '  critique. — Crabb 
Robinson,  Diary,  i.  277. 

Classic  Hallam,  much  renowned  for  Greek. 
Byron,  Engliih  Hards  and  Scotch  /tenewert  (1809). 

HaUer  (Mrs.).  At  the  age  of  16 
Adelaide  [Mrs.  HaUer]  married  the  count 
Waldbourg,  from  whom  she  eloped.  The 
count  then  led  a  roving  life,  and  was 
known  as  "  the  stranger."  The  countess, 
repenting  of  her  folly,  assumed  (for  three 
years)  the  name  of  Mrs.  Haller,  and  took 
service  under  the  countess  of  Wintersen, 
whose  affection  she  won  by  her  amiability 
and  sweetness  of  temper,  liaron  Stein- 
fort  fell  in  love  with  her,  but,  hearing 
her  tale,  interested  himself  in  bringing 
about  a  reconciliation  between  Mrs.  Haller 
and  "  the  stranger,"  who  happened,  at  the 
time,  to  be  living  in  the  same  neighbour- 
hood. They  met  and  bade  adieu,  but 
when  their  children  were  brought  forth 
they  relented,  and  rushed  into  each 
other's  arms. — Benj.  Thompson,  The 
Strauger(\19T).  Adaptcdfrom  Kotsebue. 

In  "  Ml*.  Haller.  "the  powers  of  Miss  0'  Nelll.  aided  by  her 
beauty,  shone  forth  in  the  highest  perfa  lion,  and  when 
she  m  Marad  in  that  character,  Willi  John  Kemble  as 
•'  The  Blrmnser,"  a  spectacle  was  exhibited  such  as  no  one 
ever  taw  before,  or  will  ever  see  again. — Sir  A.  Alison. 

Halliday  (Tom),  a  private  in  tne 
royal  army. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Hamarti'a,  Sin  personified,  offspring 
of  the  red  dragon  and  Eve.  "  A  foul,  de- 
formed "  monster,  "more  foul,  deformed, 
the  sun  yet  never  saw."  "  A  woman 
seemed  she  in  the  upper  part,"  but  "the 
rest  was  in  serpent  form,"  though  out  of 
sight.  Fullv  described  in  canto  xii.  of 
The  Purple'  Island  (1G33),  by  Fhineas 
Fletcher.     (Greek,  hamartia,  "sin.") 

Hamet,  son  of  Mandane  and  Zamti 
(a  Chinese  mandarin).  When  the  infant 
prince  Zaphimri,  called  "the  orphan  of 
China,"  was  committed  to  the  care  of 
Zamti,  Hamet  was  sent  to  Corea,  and 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Morat ;  but 
when  grown  to  manhood,  he  led  a  band  of 
insurgents  against  Ti'murkan'  the  Tartar, 
who  had  usurped  the  throne  of  China. 
He  was  seized  and  condemned  to  death, 
under  the  conviction  that  he  waa 
Zaphimri  the  prince.  Etan  (who  waa 
the  real  Zaphimri)  now  came  forward  to 
acknowledge  his  rank,  and  Timurkan, 
unable  to  ascertain  which  was  the  true 
prince,  ordered  them  both  to  execution. 
At  this  juncture  a  party  of  izsorgenta 
arrived,  Hamet  and  Zaphimri  were  set  at 
liberty,  Timurkan  was  slain,  and  Zaphimri 


BAMET. 


421 


HAMPDEN. 


was  raised  to  the  throne  of  his  forefather*. 

— Murphy,  T  ■  ■  I  ■  rp  . 

Ifiiiif  t,  one  of  the  black  slaves  of  sir 
Brian  de  Bois  Guilberl  preceptor  of  the 
Knights  Templars. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Tvcov- 
Uvc  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Hornet  (The  Cid)  or  The  Cid  Haxbt 
I'.i m  \(.ki.'i,  the  hypothetical  Moorish 
chronicler  who  is  fabled  by  Cervantes  to 
have  written  the  adventures  of  "don 
Quixote." 

O  Nature's  nolitiM  Rift,  my  pray  roow  quill  I  .  .  . 
Our  but  a,  ihall  Da  free. 

Bynin.  StafUaa  Bardi  rtrid  Soote*  Ktriewtn  (1809). 

Tile  tlinwil  i;  1   II  1:1  I 

Bays,  •" AikI  imw.  my  dander  quill,   vhethei     i 

nr  otki  rw)  ■■.  bi  re  from 

tlial:  tbou  peaceful!)  live  t..  li  tnnl  ttmi 

of  tome  null  blatorlan  disturb  1 1  ■  >  repoH  by  taking  tbaa 

SOWB     mil    prouuilai    Uice.'— Cantata*,  Don    t^uUuta 

lU>t  cliaj.  . 

Hamilton  [Lady  Em3y)t  sister  of 
lord  Evandale. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Jlur- 
tality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Hamiltrude  (8  sy/.),  a  poor  French- 
woman, the  tirst  of  <  barlemagne's  nine 
wives.     She  bore  him  Bevera]  children. 

Her    Bad  .  .   Hrr 

li.  k-  »cre  Ih.iiihI  abual  her  l<-in|.l<>  With  k'"''l  and  |ur]  le 

bamls.    Her  draai  tra*  loopad  up  with  mbj  i ' 

cur..i.fi  and  bei  purpla  robaa  gava  bat  an  iur  ul  ruriiaajlng 

niajeaty. — I.  Kj.u.<  « . .  u j . 

Hamlet,  prince  of  Denmark,  a  man 
of  mind  but  not  of  action;  nephew  of 
Claudius  the  reigning  kin^,  who  had 
married  the  widowed  queen.  Hamlet 
loved  Ophelia,  daughter  of  Polo'niusthe 
lord  chamberlain  ;  hut  feeling  it  to  he 
his  duty  to  revenge  his  fathers  murder, 
he  abandoned  the  idea  of  marriage,  and 
treated  Ophelia  so  strangely,   that   she 

mad,  and,  gathering  flowers  from 
a  brook,  fell  into  the  water  and  was 
drowned.  While  wasting  his  energy  in 
speculation,  llamlct  accepted  a  challenge 
from  Laertes  of  a  friendly  contesi  with 
foils;  but  Laertes  used  a  poisoned  rapier, 
with  which  he  stabbed  the  young  pnnce. 
A  6cutl!e  ensued,  in  which  the  combatants 

■  d  weapons,  and  Laertes  being 
stabbed,  both  died. — Shakespeare,  Hamlet 

"   I  he   whole    I  '  I  1,   "  is 

.   that  calculatii 
sideration  which  exhausts  .  .  .  the  i  owe! 
on."  Goethe  is  of  I  mion, 

-  that  "  Hamlet  is  a  noble  oature, 
without  the  strength  "i  nerve  whic 

1  le  links  t"  '■■  ttb  a  burden  w  bich 

>r.  and   cannot  [m  I  .<    uji  his 

da." 
\*  The  best  actors  of  "  Hamli  I  "  have 
been    Thomas     Betterton     (1 1710), 


Robert      'Wilks      (1670  1782),     Garrick 
(1716  177!'),     John     \  (1747- 

J.  P.  Kcmble  (1757  1823),  and  W. 
H.  Betty  (1< 
Kembli  M.  Tonng 

Edmund  K  .  Henry 

Irving  (1840- 

***    In  tin  ..nb  ts 

■  is  Calll  ■  1  " '  II    rvendille." 

Hammer  (The),  Jo  onsraa. 

surnau  "the    ha.. 

(b.o.  166  186). 
Charles  Martel  (689-741). 

I'on    lul  d'Mina    le  lumom  da    t/irtrt 
avail   Aenurf   comma   avci 

I    Windlllta    U'Al-dcrau.c.    ITtlanl 

aorahi  la  rraoca.— BooHlat, 

Hammer  and  Scourge  of  Eng- 
land, sir  William 

Hammer  of  Heretics. 
1.    I'll  im:    D'All  :  \ .  t  of  the 

council    which    condemned    John    Buss 

•_'.    St.    Atjgubtihk,    "the    pill 
truth    and    hammer  of    her.    • 
430).— Hakewell. 

:.     So  called   from  the 

title  of  one  of  his  work 
orum  (117o-l 

Hammer  of  Scotland,  Edward  1. 
His  son  inscribed  on  his  tomb:  "Edwardus 
Longus  Scotoma)  Malleus,  hie  <  I 
1272-1807). 

Hammerlein  (Cferua),  t!  • 

of  the  i: 

Qiuutin  Dwrward  (time,  Edward  IV.  . 

Hamond,  captain  of  the  raard  of 

Hollo  (•'  the  bloody  brother"  of  <  »tt 

duke  of  Normand]  |.     i  i  duke, 

and  Rollo  stabs  the  captain  ;  i 
kill  each  other. —  Beaumont  and  h  ■<. 
The  Bloody  ■ 

Hampden  was    bom    in 

London,  but  after  his  marriage  livi 

country   squire.       lie   was    in 
;  ■    house  f"r  i.l:. 

called   ship-money,  im;  Ul  the 

authority  of   parliament. 
tried  in  the  1  I  hamber,  in 

and  gh  «    him- 

self   heart     and     BOttl     into    the    I 

Parliament,  and  comn  i 

a  troop   m  i  arm} .     In 

1648  he  f>il  m  an  encounter  with  * 

i 

«>  a  |  at  riot,  and  thi 

of  the  people  (II  ■ 

.  >  1 1 1  il  —  eaSa 
I  . 

i»i. .  i  v  utj*.  L  (irsft 


HAMZU-BEN-AHMUD. 


422 


HANS. 


Some  village  Hampden,  that  with  dauntless  breast, 
The  UtUo  tyrant  of  his  fields  withstood. 

Gray,  Elegy  (1749). 

Hamzu-ben-Ahmud,  who,  on  the 
death  of  hakeem  15'amr-ellah  (called  the 
incarnate  deity  and  last  prophet),  was 
the  most  zealous  propagator  of  the  new 
faith,  out  of  which  the  semi-Moham- 
medan sect  called  Druses  subsequently 
arose. 

N.B. — They  were  not  called  "Druses" 
till  the  eleventh  century,  when  one  of  their 
"apostles,"  called  Durzi,  led  them  from 
Egypt  to  Syria,  and  the  sect  was  called 
ty  his  name. 

Handel's  Monument,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  is  by  Roubihac.  It  was 
the  last  work  executed  by  this  sculptor. 

Han  (Sons  of),  the  Chinese  ;  so  called 
from  Han,  the  village  in  which  Lieou- 
pang  was  chief.  Lieou-pang  conquered 
all  who  opposed  him,  seized  the  supreme 
power,  assumed  the  name  of  Kao-hoang- 
tee,  and  the  dynasty,  which  lasted  All 
years,  was  "the  fifth  imperial  dynasty, 
or  that  of  Han."  It  gave  thirty  emperors, 
and  the  seat  of  government  was  Yn. 
With  this  dynasty  the  modern  history  of 
China  begins  (b.c.  202  to  a.d.  220). 

Handsome  Englishman  (The). 
The  French  used  to  call  John  Churchill, 
duke  of  Marlborough,  Le  Bel  Anylais 
(1650-1722). 

Handsome  Swordsman  (The). 
Joachim  Murat  was  popularly  called  Le 
Beau  Sabreur  (1707-1815). 

Handy  (Sir  Abel),  a  great  contriver 
of  inventions  which  would  not  work,  and 
of  retrograde  improvements.  Thus  "his 
infallible  axletree "  gave  way  when  it 
was  used,  and  the  carriage  was  "  smashed 
to  pieces."  His  substitute  for  gunpowder 
exploded,  endangered  his  life,  and  set 
fire  to  the  castle.  His  "  extinguishing 
powder  "  might  have  reduced  the  flames, 
but  it  was  not  mixed,  nor  were  his  patent 
fire-engines  in  workable  order,  lie  said 
to  Farmer  Ashlield : 

"  I  have  obtained  patents  for  tweezers,  toothpicks,  and 
iinder-boxes  .  .  .  and  have  now  on  hand  two  inventions, 
•  .  .  one  for  converting  saw-dust  into  deal  boards,  and  Uie 
Otter  for  cleaning  rooms  by  steam-engines." — Act  i.  1. 

Lady  Nelly  Handy  (his  wife),  formerly 
a  servant  in  the  house  of  Farmer  Ashlield. 
She  was  full  of  affectations,  overbearing, 
and  dogmatical.  Lady  Nelly  tried  to 
"  forget  the  dunghill  whence  she  grew, 
and  thought  herself  the  Lord  knows  who." 
Per  extravagance  was  so  great  that  sir 
Abel  said  liis  "best  coal-pit  would  not 


find  her  in  white  muslin,  nor  his  India 
bonds  in  shawls  and  otto  of  roses."  It 
turned  out  that  her  first  husband  Gerald, 
who  had  been  absent  twenty  years,  re- 
appeared and  claimed  her.  Sir  Abel  will- 
ingly resigned  his  claim,  and  gave  Gerald 
£5000  to  take  her  off  his  hands. 

Robert  Handy  (always  called  Bob),  aon 
of  sir  Abel  by  his  first  wife.  He  fancied 
he  could  do  everything  better  than  any 
one  else.  He  taught  the  post-boy  to  drive, 
but  broke  the  horse's  knee».  He  taught 
Farmer  Ashlield  how  to  box,  but  got 
knocked  down  by  him  at  the  first  blow. 
He  told  Dame  Ashlield  he  had  learnt 
lace-making  at  Mechlin,  and  that  she  did 
not  make  it  in  the  right  way  ;  but  he 
spoilt  her  cushion  in  showing  her  how  to 
do  it.  He  told  lady  Handy  (his  father's 
bride)  she  did  not  know  how  to  use  the 
fan,  and  showed  her  ;  he  told  her  she  did 
not  know  how  to  curtsey,  and  showed 
her.  Being  pestered  by  this  popinjay 
beyond  endurance,  she  implored  her  hus- 
band to  protect  her  from  further  insults. 
Though  light-hearted,  Bob  was  "warm, 
steady,  and  sincere."  He  married  Susan, 
the  daughter  of  Farmer  Ashtield. — Th. 
Morton,  Speed  the  Plouyh  (17i)8). 

Hanging  Judge  (The),  sir  Francis 
Page  (1718-1741). 

The  earl  of  Norbury,  who  was  chief 
justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  Ireland 
from  1820  to  1827,  was  also  stigmatized 
with  the  same  unenviable  title. 

Hannah,  housekeeper  to  Mr.  Fairf  ord 
the  lawyer. — Sir  W.  Scott,  liedyauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Hanover  Eat.  The  Jacobites  used 
to  affirm  that  the  rat  was  brought  over  by 
the  Hanoverians  when  they  succeeded  to 
the  crown. 

Curse  me  the  British  vermin,  the  rat, — 
I  know  not  whether  he  came  in  the  Hanover  ship. 
Tennyson,  Maud,  II.  v.  C 

Hans,  a  simple-minded  boy  of  fire 
and  twenty,  in  love  with  Esther,  but  too 
shy  to  ask  her  in  marriage.  He  is  a 
"  Modus  "  in  a  lower  social  grade ;  and 
Esther  is  a  "cousin  Helen,"  who  laughs 
at  him,  loves  him,  and  teaches  him  how 
to  make  love  to  her  and  win  her. — S. 
Knowlcs,  Tlie  Maid  of  Mariendorpt 
(1838). 

Hans,  the  pious  ferryman  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rhine. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Hans    (Adrian),    a    Dutch    merchant, 


HANS  OF  ICELAND. 


423 


HABDCASTLE. 


killed  at  Boston.— Sir  w  otrSof 

tlu-  Peak  (time,  I  II.). 

Hans  of  Iceland,  a  novel  by 
Tictor  Hugd  (1824).  Bane  is  a  item. 
I  .    Northern   monster,  ghastly  una 

fascinating. 

Hans  von  Ripnach  [R>'r  pak),  i.e. 
Jack  of  Rippach.     Rippach  la  »  village 
aeai  Leipeic.     This  Hans  von   B 
i-  ■  ■•  Ifona.  Nong-tong-paa,"  thai  is,  a 
person  aaked  tor,  who  does  nol 
The   "juke"  is  t<>  ring  a  houae  "|>  at 
some   unaeaaonable  hoar,   and    ask    for 
11.  rr  Hans  vou  Rippach  or  lions, 
longpaa. 

Hanson    (.V  J),    a    soldier    in     the 
cast  1.-    of    Garde    Doloureuse. — Sir   W. 
.  The  Betrothed (time,  Henry  II.). 

Hanswurst,  the  "  Jack  Podding  '*  of 
old  German  comedy,  bnt  almost  anni- 
hilated by  Gottsched,in  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  He  was  clumsy, 
in  person,  an  immense  gourmand, 
and  fond  of  vulgar  practical  jukes. 

%*  The  French  ".lean  Potage/*  the 
Italian  "Macaroni,"  and  the  Dutch 
"  Pickel  Heninge,"  were  similar  charac- 
ters. 

ir.ipmouche  (2  si//.),  i.e.  "lly- 
eatcher,"  the  giant  who  first  hit  upon 
the  plan  of  smoking  pork  and  neate1 
tongues.— Rabelais,  rantagruel,  ii.  1. 

Happer  or  Hob,  the  miller  who 
supplies  St.  Mary's  Convent. 

the  miller's  daughter. 
Afterwards,  in  disguise,  she   acta 
I  -  whom  she 

:  r   \Y.  Sott,    Tlte  31   ■ 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

!  I    ■  ipuok,   a    ma  rician, 
I'lin  the  enchantress.    H<  waa  the 

rebellion,  and  intended  to  kill  the 
sultan  M  isnar  at  s  re\  i<  w,   bul 
had  given  orders  to  a  body  of  archers  to 

shoot    the    man    who    waa    lift     standing 

when  the  real  of  the  soldiers  fell  proa- 

ln  adoration.     M isnar  wenl   to  the 
review,  and  command*  d  the  arm]  I 
• 

all  fell  prostrati    i  I  ippuck,  who 

was    thus    detected,    and    instantly    dc- 
t  Sir  C  Mori 

oi   ("'Die    Enchanters 
■ 

'  tin    »n.t    H.it  ! 

■»»<l     11  . 

tear  !(>•  ,  .  . 


;.y  Valley  [The),  in  tin    | 
dom  of  Ami 

. 

and    v>.. 

under  a  ca\         I 

I  by  iron  gates. — Dr. 

Johnson,  L  ■ 

Har'aplia, a deacon  k  the. 

bon    in    prison,   bnt    d 
within      his      reach.  —  MiltdO, 
Agonistet  (1682). 

Har/bothel    (Jfa  ter    I 
'squire  of  sirAymi  cirW. 

Scott,  '  rout  (Lime,  Henry  I.). 

Hard  Times,  a  no-,  |  by  CD 

ler  the  titlo 

/•  the  Eari  i 
Boonderby,  ib,  raia<  d  I 

to  banker  and  cotton   prince.      ^ 

of  age,  he  proposed  man 

grind, 

Ec  ,..  J.  I 

the   hank  was  rob  ■  an<l  l'.oun- 

derby  believed  St«  ■■} 1  to  l-c 

the  thief,  because  be  had  dismissed  him, 
liein^   obnoxious  to  the  mill  hand-  ;    but 

the    culprit,    was    Tom    <  >m  Igrii 

hankers    lintli.  r-in-law,    who   lay 
for  a  while,  and  then  escaped  out  of  the 
country.     In  the  dran  •  n,  the 

bank    was    not    robbed   at    all,    bo 

merely  removed   the   money   to  another 
drawer  for  safe  custody, 

Hardcastle  ■        ■' 

but  hospitable  com,: rj  ol  the 

old  school.     He  i 

winded  about     prin  • 

ami  the  duke  .if  Marlborough.     H< 

"  1     love    everything    that's   old  —  old 

friends,     old     times,     old     D 

Old  wine  "  (act  i.  1),  and  h. 

h.i\  ■  added,  "  ol 

Mrs.     I!  ■ 
lady,  r 

mil  Tony  Lumpkin  her 

son    by    her   1 

- 

talk    of 
so   much   as    London   ami   t 
l    ■ 

!  id  for  a 

•  .  and  imploring  bim 

■t,    but    tO   spar.    th.  ii 

'•  1 1.  re,  leman,  wl 

I  c.  take   my    money,   my   . 


HARDIE. 


424 


HARMON. 


spare  my  child!"  is  infinitely  comic 
(act  iv.  1). 

The  princess,  like  Mrs.  Hardrastle,  was  jolted  to  a  jelly. 
—Lord  W.  P.  Lennox,  Celebrities,  i.  1. 

Miss  Hardcastle,  the  pretty,  bright- 
eyed,  lively  daughter  of  squire  Hard- 
castle. She  is  in  love  with  young 
Marlow,  and  "stoops"  to  a  pardonable 
deceit  "  to  conquer  "  his  bashfulness  and 
win  him. — Goldsmith,  S/&  Stoops  to 
Conquer  (1773). 

Har'die  {Mr.),  a  young  lawyer,  in 
the  introduction  of  sir  W.  Scott's  Heart 
of  Midlothian  (1818). 

Hardouin  (2  syl.).  Jean  Hardouin, 
the  Jesuit,  was  librarian  to  Louis  XIV. 
He  doubted  the  truth  of  all  received 
history  ;  denied  that  the  JEne'id  was  the 
work  of  Virgil,  or  the  Odes  of  Horace 
the  production  of  that  poet ;  placed  no 
credence  in  medals  and  coins ;  regarded 
all  councils  before  that  of  Trent  as 
chimerical ;  and  looked  on  all  Jansenists 
as  infidels  (1G4G-172H). 

Hardy  {Mr.),  father  of  Letitia.     A 

worthy  little  fellow  enough,  but  with  the 
unfortunate  gift  of  "  foreseeing  "  every- 
thing (act  v.  4). 

Letitia  Hardy,  his  daughter,  the  fianc<fe 
of  Dor'icourt.  A  girl  of  great  spirit  and 
ingenuity,  beautiful  and  clever.  Dori- 
court  dislikes  her  without  knowing  her, 
simply  because  he  has  been  betrothed  to 
her  by  his  parents  ;  but  she  wins  him  by 
stratagem.  She  first  assumes  the  airs 
and  manners  of  a  raw  country  hoyden, 
and  disgusts  the  fastidious  man  of 
fashion.  She  then  appears  at  a  masque- 
rade, and  wins  him  by  her  many  attrac- 
tions. The  marriage  is  performed  at 
midnight,  and,  till  the  ceremony  is  over, 
Doricourt  has  no  suspicion  that  the  fair 
masquerader  is  his  afliancedMiss  Hard}'. 
— Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Belle's  Stratagem 
(1780). 

Hare'dale  {Geoffrey),  brother  of 
Reuben  the  uncle  of  Emma  Haredale. 
He  was  a  papist,  and  incurred  the  malig- 
nant hatred  of  Gashford  (lord  George 
Gordon's  secretary)  by  exposing  him  in 
Westminster  Hall.  Geolfrey  Haredale 
killed  sir  John  Chester  in  a  duel,  but 
made  good  his  escape,  and  ended  his  days 
in  a  monastery. 

Reuben  Haredale  (2  syl.),  brother  of 
Geoffrey,  and  father  of  Emma  Haredale. 
He  was  murdered. 

Emma  Haredale,  daughter  of  Reuben, 
and   niece   of   Geoffrey  with  whom  she 


lived  at  "  The  Warren."  Edward  Chester 
entertained  a  tendre  for  Emma  Haredale. 
— C.  Dickens,  Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Harefoot  {Harold).  So  Harold  I. 
was  called,  because  he  was  swift  of  foot 
as  a  hare  (1035-1040). 

Hargrave,  a  man  of  fashion.  The 
hero  and  title  of  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Trol- 
lope  (1813). 

Harley,  "  the  man  of  feeling."  A 
man  of  the  finest  sensibilities  and  un- 
bounded benevolence,  but  bashful  as  a 
maiden. — Mackenzie,  The  Man  of  Feeling 
(1771). 

The  principal  object  of  Mackenzie  is  ...  to  reach 
and  sustain  a  tone  of  moral  pathos  l>y  representing  the 
effect  of  incidents  .  .  .  upon  the  human  mind,  .  .  . 
especial);  those  which  are  just,  honourable,  and  intel- 
ligent.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Harlot  {The  Infamous  Northern), 
Elizabeth  Petrowna  empress  of  Russia 
(170y-1761). 

HarTowe  {Clarissa),  a  young  lady, 
who,  to  avoid  a  marriage  to  which  her 
heart  cannot  consent,  but  to  which  she 
is  urged  by  her  parents,  casts  herself  on 
the  protection  of  a  lover,  who  most 
scandalously  abuses  the  confidence  re- 
posed in  him.  He  afterwards  proposes 
marriage  ;  but  she  rejects  his  proposal, 
and  retires  to  a  solitary  dwelling,  where 
she  pines  to  death  with  grief  and  shame. 
— S.  Richardson,  The  History  of  Clarissa 
Harlovoe  (1749). 

The  dignity  of  Clarissa  under  her  disgrace  ...  re- 
minds us  of  the  saying  of  the  ancient  poet,  that  a  good 
man  Struggling  with  the  tide  of  adversity  and  surmounting 

it,  is  a  si^lit  upon  which  the  i IQItal  gods  might  look 

down  with  pleasure. — Sir  W.  Scott 

The  moral  elevation  of  this  heroine,  the  saintly  purity 
which  she  preserves  IsnJdst  BCBQfll  «'t"  the  deepest  de- 
pravity and  the  most  seductive  gaiety,  and  the  never- 
failing  sweetness  and  benevolence  of  her  temper,  render 
Clarissa  one  of  the  brightest  triumphs  of  the  whole  range 
of  imaginative  literature. — Chambers,  Knglisli  Literature, 
U.16L 

Harl'weston  Fountains,  near  St. 
Neot's,  in  Huntingdon.  There  are  two, 
one  salt  and  the  other  fresh.  The  salt 
fountain  is  said  to  cure  dimness  of  sight, 
and  the  sweet  fountain  to  cure  the  itch 
and  leprosy.  Drayton  tells  the  legend 
of  these  two  fountains  at  the  beginning 
of  song  xxii.  of  his  Polyolbion  (1622). 

Harmon  {John),  alias  John  Roke- 
smith,  Mr.  Bofhn's  secretary.  He  lodged 
with  the  Wilfers,  and  ultimately  married 
Bella  Wilier.  He  is  described  as  "a 
dark  gentleman,  30  at  the  utmost,  with 
an  expressive,  one  might  say,  a  hand- 
some face."— -C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual 
Friend  (1864). 


HABMONIA'S  NECKLACE. 


425 


HARPi 


%•  For  explanation  of  the  mystery, 

»*e  vol.  I.  ii.  13. 

Harmo'nia's  Necklace,  an  un- 
lueky  ]  something  which  brings 

tn  il  i"  its  po  •  wor.  Hannonia  was  the 
daughter  of  Han  and  Venus.  <  m  the 
day  of  hex  marria  -<■  with  kin  j  Cadmos, 
she  received  ■  necklace  made  by  Vulcan 
■  sons.  This  unlucky  ornament 
afterwardi  paased  to  Sem'eld,  then  to 
Jocaata,  then  Eriphy'ld,  l.ut  was  equally 

fatal  in  even  .        -  Ovid, 

Metaph.,  iv.  6;  Statins,  Thrtnid,  ii. 

Harmonious  Blacksmith.  It  is 
paid  that  the  Bound  of  hammers  on  an 
anvil  suggested  to  Handel  the  "theme" 
of  the  musical  composition  to  which  he 

iven   this  name.— See  Schoi 
[Aft  of  Handel, 

A  Similar  tale  is  U>ld  of   l'\  thri: 
Intently  OOtulderilUJ  vhefha*    it  W..11M   Ixi  puuible  to 
Mritt  a  certain  taatrmnantaJ  aid  to  the 

l>iuaed   near  n  .lulu.    ,     ,  k  \,y  ti,„ 

MOKl     prod  H  I    I    :l.    Ibi 

"'  an\il.    ...    II  ,,,h,l,  u10 

the  dlapente.  and  the  il  iiiuiiy.  .  .  . 

(^.inx  then  im.i  the  ■Ulhy,  he  ■  (he  dif- 

I    an..e    tr..in   the  difli 
■amman,  nn. I  not  Irani  the  did  .  tnplored 

in  Erring  the  itrok .ir  >. 1  from  an)  dlfli  n 

nape  of  the  hammer)  ..  .From  thU  hint  he  o 

ii  jcale.  — liun'jlicllUN  Ut*  of  Pftkagow,  Utrt 

The  same  tale  is  also  told  of  Tubal- 
cain. 

Tuhall  hadde  (recti  l)krnRe  lo  here  tlie  Inimn  mime, 
an. I  In-   : 

ind  tu  In-  ii  ,■  i  ih,  in  morho  In  tlie 

■Outdl "•  '  dye,  b  it  be  wtu  not  fm.Lr  of  u.o  liulru- 

nieiiteeul  muqrkai — Hlgdan,  Polgcrmtam. 

(It  would  be  re  to  the  point,  per- 

hajoa,  if  the  tale  had  been  told  of  Jubal, 
"tin-  fynder  of  certain  [nstmmentea  of 

iniisyl. 

Harmony  (.1/V.),  a  general 
maker.  Winn  he  found  persons  at 
variance,  he  went  to  them  separately, 
ami  told  them  how  highly  the  ether 
and  thou  -lit  of  him  or  I  r.  [f 
man  and  wife,  he  would  tell  the 
wife  how  highly  her  husband  esteemed 
her,  and  would  apply  the  "oiled  feather" 

in  a  similar  way  to  the  hush  i    ■!.      ••  We 

all  have  our  faults,"  he  would   lay,  "ami 

:   BO    knows    it,    aJ  .it    |,,[, 

hrflrmityof  temper;  but  though  he  con- 
tends  with  you,  lie  praised  j  on  to  me  this 

in. .nun-  in   the   in  r>  Il   term-."      I 
:'  icceedcd  in  smoothing  many 

a  ruffled  mind.  -  Inchbald,  t 
Hit  Fault  (1794). 

neas    Prize,  a  prize  competed 
f-.r  triennially,   . 
subject.      The    |  rize    coubisI        ;    three 

■ 


nded  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Harm 

H.'l! 

id   the   Dane.     "  ll. 
on   ■   bucklt 

Ilamld    uuu  [      |     I 

win.  had  waited  on  him  as   i 
W.  Scott,  I 

Harold  (Child-),  a  man  of   g 1  birth, 

lofty  beann  • 

thausted  by  diasipation  the 
if  youth,  and  tra 
BcoH  calls  him  "  lord  Bj  r..n  in  a 

Portugal  .and  Spain  (18  ito  ii., 

Turkey  m  Euroj  • 

Belgium  and  -  a  canto 

ice,  Rome,  .and  I 

*+*   Lord   Byron  was  only  81  when  ho 

Harold,    i  ten  he 

finished  it. 

oun-al-Rasehicl,     eali 
the  rVbbas&ide   race,  oontemporai 
Charlemagne,  and,  like  him.  i  pa 
literature  and  the  art-.     1  he  court  >.f  this 
caliph  was  most  splendid,  ami  under  him 
the  caliphate  attained    . 
perity  (7615 
**•  Many  of  tlie  tales  in  the  A 
are    placed   in   the  cali] 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  as   the  hist  • 
'•Ain'im',"'-  >m. Il.ad  the  Sailor,"  "Aboul- 
hasson  and  Shemsi  Inihar,"  "  Noureddin," 
"  Codadad  and  his   Bi 

Awakened,"    and     u  I  ."      [n 

the    third    of    the.-e   tile   calij.li   is   a    [.rill- 

dpsJ  actor. 

1 1  ,    j 
Cleante  (2  .-,/.)  and  Eli 
Harpagon  and   his  ton  desire  t"  marry 
Mariana  <■'•  -;,!.)  ;  but  I 

casket  of  mom  ••  .  which 

he  prefers    his  caakt  I   or  W 

miser  prefers  the  mi  ■ 
marries  the  lady.     Hai 

that   every  ..tie  is   going   to   rob   I 

when  hi 

arm   in  the  fren&y  of  passion.     Hi 

■ 
to   an   old    man   named    Anselme,  1 

i    %\h.  il 

after  i  J  alli- 

ance,   the    miser    makes    but 

dot."     "  Ah,"  lays  Valet 

• 

tlier  time, 

ell   him  what 

:u in  ;    and    when    JacouM 


HARPAX. 


426 


HARROWBY. 


replies  he  cannot  do  so,  as  it  would  make 
trim  angry,  the  miser  answers,  "  Point 
de  tout,  au  contraire,  c'est  me  faire 
plaiser."  But  when  told  that  he  is  called 
a  miser  and  a  skinflint,  he  towers  with 
rage,  and  beats  Jacques  in  his  uncon- 
trolled passion. 

"Le  seigneur  Harpagon  estdetousleshumains  Ihumain 
le  moiiis  huniain,  le  mortel  de  tons  le-  niortels  le  plus  dur 
et  le  plus  serre"  (ii.  5).  Jacques  says  to  him,  "  Jamais  on 
ne  parle  de  vous  que  sous  les  noras  d'avare,  de  ladre.  da 
vilaiu,  et  de  fesse-Matthia;  "  (iii.  S). — Muliere,  L A  vara 
(lt>b7). 

Harpax,  centurion  of  the  "  Immortal 
Guard." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Pains  (time,  Rufus). 

HarpS  (2  syl.),  the  cutlass  with 
which  Mercury  killed  Argus,  and  with 
which  Perseus  (2  syl.)  subsequently  cut 
off  the  head  of  Medusa. 

Harper,  a  familiar  spirit  of  mediaeval 
demonology. 

Harper  cries,  "  TU  time,  'tis  time  I " 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act  iv.  sc.  1  (1606). 

Harpoc'rates  (4  syl.),  the  god  of 
silence.  Cupid  bribed  him  with  a  rose 
not  to  divulge  the  amours  of  Venus. 
Ilarpocrates  is  generally  represented  with 
his  second  finger  on  his  mouth. 

He  also  symbolized  the  sun  at  the  end 
of  winter,  and  is  represented  with  a 
cornucopia  in  one  hand  and  a  lotus  in 
the  other.  The  lotus  is  dedicated  to  the 
sun,  because  it  opens  at  sunrise  and 
closes  at  sunset. 

I  assured  my  mistress  she  might  make  herself  quite 
easy  on  that  score  1  i.e.  my  making  mention  of  what  was 
told  me),  for  I  was  the  Ilarpocrates  of  trusty  valets.— 

Lesage,  oil  mat,  iv.  2  (1724). 

Harriet,  the  elder  daughter  of  sir 
David  and  lady  Dunder,  of  Dunder  Hall. 
She  was  in  love  with  Scruple,  whom  she 
accidentally    met    at    Calais ;     but    her 

Eiarents  arranged  that  she  should  marry 
ord  Snolts,  a  stump}',  "gummy"  old 
nobleman  of  five  and  forty.  To  prevent 
this  hateful  marriage,  Harriet  consented 
to  elope  with  Scruple;  but  the  flight 
was  intercepted  by  sir  David,  who,  to 
prevent  a  scandal,  consented  to  the  mar- 
riage, and  discovered  that  Scruple,  both 
in  family  and  fortune,  was  a  suitable 
son-in-law. — G.  Column,  Ways  and  Means 
(1788). 

Harriet  [Mowbray],  the  daughter 
of  ed  Kiel  Mowbray,  an  orphan  without 
fortune,  without  friends,  without  a  pro- 
tector. She  marries  clandestinely  Charles 
Eustace. — J.  Poole,  The  Scapegoat. 

Harriot  [Russet],  the  simple, 
■^sophisticated  daughter  of  Mr.  Russet. 


She  loves  Mr.  Oakly,  and  marries  him, 
but  becomes  a  "jealous  wife,"  watching 
her  husband  like  a  lynx,  to  find  out  some 
proof  of  infidelity,  and  distorting  every 
casual  remark  as  evidence  thereof.  Her 
aunt,  lady  Freelove,  tries  to  make  her  a 
woman  of  fashion,  but  without  success. 
Ultimately,  she  is  cured  of  her  idiosyn- 
crasy.— George  Colman,  T/ie  Jealous  Wife 
(1761). 

Harris  (Mrs.),  a  purely  imaginary 
character,  existing  only  in  the  brain  of 
Mrs.  Sarah  Gamp,  and  brought  forth  on 
all  occasions  to  corroborate  the  opinions 
and  trumpet  the  praises  of  Mrs.  Gamp 
the  monthly  nurse. 

"  '  Mrs.  Harris,'  I  says  to  her,  .  .  .  '  if  I  could  afford  to 
buy  out  all  my  fellow-creeturs  for  nothink,  I  would  gladly 
do  it ;  rich  la  the  love  I  liears  'em.'"  Again  :  "  What  I 
said  Mrs.  Gamp.  "  you  b;u,e  crcetur  1  Have  I  know'd  Mrs. 
Harris  live  and  thirty  year,  to  he  told  at  last  that  there 
ant  no  sieh  a  person  livin'?  Have  I  stood  her  friend  in 
all  her  troubles,  great  and  small,  for  it  to  come  to  rich  a 
end  as  this,  with  her  own  sweet  picter  hanging  up  afore 
you  all  the  time,  to  shame  your  Bragian  words?  Go  along 
with  you  I  " — C.  Dickens.  Martin  ChuzUewit,  xlix.  (1843). 

Mrs.  Harris  is  the  "  Mde.  Benoiton  "  of  French  comedy. 
— The  Timet. 

%*  Mrs.  Gamp  and  Mrs.  Harris  have 
Parisian  sisters  in  Mde.  Pochet  and 
Mde.  Gibou,  by  Henri  Monnier. 

Harris.     (See  Slawken-Bergitjs.) 

Harrison  (-Dr.),  the  model  of 
benevolence,  who  nevertheless  takes  in 
execution  the  goods  and  person  of  his 
friend  Booth,  because  Booth,  while  plead- 
ing poverty,  was  buying  expensive  and 
needless  jewellery.  —  Fielding,  Amelia 
(1751). 

Har'rison  (Major-General),  one  of  the 
parliamentary  commissioners. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Harrison,  the  old  steward  of  lady 
Bellenden,  of  the  Tower  of  Tillietudlem, 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Har'rowby  (John),  of  Stocks  Green, 
a  homely,  kind-hearted,  honest  Kentish 
farmer,  with  whom  lieutenant  Worth- 
ington  and  his  daughter  Emily  take 
lodgings.  Though  most  desirous  of 
showing  his  lodger  kindness,  he  is  con- 
stantly wounding  his  susceptibilities 
from  blunt  honesty  and  want  of  tact. 

Lame  Harrowby,  wife  of  Farmer  Har- 
rowby. 

Stephen  Harrowby,  son  of  Farmei 
Harrowby,  who  has  a  mania  for  soldier- 
ing, and  calls  himself  "a  perspiring 
young  hero." 

Mary  Harrowby,  daughter  of  Farmer 
Harrowby. — G.  Colman,  The  Poor  Gen- 
tleman (1802). 


BARRY.  427 


Harry  (8  n  ant  "f  n  1 

who  assumed   tin-  airs  an!  title  "f  his 
ami  iru  ad 

ir  r    Harry."       1 1 »-   even   quotes   a   liit 

of  Latin  :  "  0  tempora 
Rev.  James    Townley,   lliyk  Life  Below 
l  (1769). 

/firry  (Ulind),  the  minstrel,  friend  of 
Henry  smith.  -  Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  J/jtJ 
of  Pmrtk  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

J  firry  (The    Great)   or  Henri  (trace  a 
i  man-of-war  built  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI 1. 

Toweral  the  iJrm*  IJarry,  crank  mil  tall. 

LoogftjUoV,  Ike  UuiUir.j  9/  V«  iMp. 

Harry  Paddington,  a  highway- 
man in  the  gang  of  captain  Ma 
Peaehum  calls  him  "a  | r,  petty-lar- 
ceny rascal,  without  t  mis;" 
and  says,  "  even  it  the  fellow  were  to  live 
six  months,  he  would  i  t"  t > i •  - 
callows  with  credit." — Gay,  The  B 
Optra  (17J7). 

Hart'houso   (2  syl.),  a  young  man 
who  begins  life  as  a  cornet  i>f  dr.. 
but,  being  bored  with  everything,  coaches 

himself    up    in    statistics,    and    comet    to 
1  wn   to   study  bote.     H<'   tails   in 

lore  with  Louisa  [ nrr  Gradgrind],  wife 
of  Josiah  Bounderoy,  banker  and  mi  11- 
ewner,  but,  failing  to  induce  the  young 
wife  to  elope  with  him,  he  lent 
place. — C.  Dickens,  Hard  j'uius  (1864). 

Hartley      (Adam),      afterwards     I  >r. 

Hartley.    Apprentice  to  l>r. 

he  Surgeon' t  Dau-jhu-r  (time, 
Q  II.). 

Hartwell  (Lad  },  a  widow,  i 
t'\    I     intain,  \  ■  lamore,  and  Harebrain. 

iniont  and    Fletcher,    Wit   i 
Mwy  (1639). 

Harut  and  Mnrftt.  two  sngels 
sent  by  Allah  to  adminster  justice  upon 
earth, 

men.     They  acU  d  well 

till  Zoha'ra,  a  beautiful  woman,  applied 

i,  and  then  they  both  fell  in  love 

with  her.      Bhc  I   I'd  them  to  toll  her  the 

d,  and  iiniiK  dia 

irne  upwards  into 

\  became    the    planet 

x  Is,  tiny  \m  re 

1  ft  Bab]  Ion. — 

a,  ii. 

AtUhhnd* 
Tfc»l  t«  .wtl. 

■       L 

lb«  (bono  miiUoo  a  hM~* 


HASSAN. 

:<«h  of  iwn  ...   At  > 
A  •  .-•  Ihrm  ;  U*       '» 

bmiU^j.  Tat*t+  IK*  Otmnfr.  l»   (lTiTl. 

calit.h     of     the     01 
■   . 
totality.     In  mtiful 

io  had 
• 
(2  syl.).    Leila  is  pot   to  death  by  the 

emir,    and    Hassan    i^    slain 

Ittfl    by    the    j,'ia>>ur    [Jjj\c'.er].— 

. 

m,  the  story-teller,  in  the  retinue 
of  the  Arabian  pi  Sii  '•'. 

tiitman  (tin  .  I.). 

me  Arahian  emir  at 
Persia,  father  <d  1 1  in  l:i.  He  won  the 
battle     of     <  •  .u*     became 

i.      I.     >: 
Bookh  ("Th 

■•i,  surnan  • 
maker",),  and  subsequently  I 

chant  ");    his    full 

Hassan  Alhabbal, 
Saad  ■• 
him.     S 

in  order  t"  see  if  it  e  ould  i  i 

extreme    poverty  Hassan 

t  in  his  turban  ;  but  a  kite 
pounced  on  his    turban   ami   earned   it 
away.    '1  he    two    friends, 
visited   I  and  him  in 

Ihe   BSII  •  rty  ;   and,  having 

heard  his  tale,  Saadi  gave  him  ■ 

800  pieces  of  gold,  u t  tea 

:    m  a  linen 

rag,  hid  it  in  a  jar  of  bran.    Win. 

ban  WSS  St  I  d  this 

jar  of  bran  for  i 

of  the  man 
by    the    gift.      Saad    n-  . 

maker  a  small   ;  1  this 

• 

■   ■ 
promised  to 

This  w  ■  snd  in  it  t 

found  ■ 
foi   1' 

- 
> 

■ 
with  him,  ai 

K 
I 

'I'll is  was   the  very  turban  which  t! 
bad  carried  off,  ai 

lining.    As  the]   re-.. 


HASSAN. 


428 


HATTEKAICK. 


city,  they  stopped  and  purchased  a  jar  of 
bran.  This  happened  to  be  the  very  jar 
which  the  wife  had  given  in  exchange, 
and  the  money  was  discovered  wrapped 
in  linen  at  the  bottom.  Hassan  was 
delighted,  and  gave  the  180  pieces  to  the 
poor. — Arabian  Nights  ("  Cogia  Hassan 
Alhabbal"). 

Hassan  (Abou),  the  son  of  a  rich  mer- 
chant of  Bagdad,  and  the  hero  of  the  tale 
called  "The  Sleeper  Awakened  "  (q.v.). — 
Arabian  Nights. 

Hassan  Aga,  an  infamous  renegade, 
who  reigned  in  Algiers,  and  was  the 
sovereign  there  when  Cervantes  (author 
of  Bon  Quixote)  was  taken  captive  by  a 
Barbary  corsair  in  1574.  Subsequently, 
Hassan  bought  the  captive  for  500  ducats, 
and  he  remained  a  slave  till  he  was  re- 
deemed by  a  friar  for  1000  ducats. 

Every  day  this  Hassan  Aga  was  hanging  one,  Impaling 
another,  cutting  oil"  the  ears  or  breaking  the  limbs  of  a 
third  .  .  .  out  of  mere  wantonness. — Cervantes  (1605). 

Hassan  ben  Sabah,  the  old  man 
of  the  mountain,  founder  of  the  sect 
called  the  Assassins. 

Dr.  Adam  Clark  has  supplemented 
Rymer's  Fcedera  with  two  letters  by  this 
sheik.  This  is  not  the  place  to  point  out 
the  want  of  judgment  in  these  addenda. 

Hastie  (Robin),  the  smuggler  and 
publican  at  Annan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  lied- 
yauntlet  (time,  George  111.). 

Hastings,  the  friend  of  young 
Marlow,  who  entered  with  him  the  house 
of  squire  Hardcastle,  which  they  mistook 
for  an  inn.  Here  the  two  young  men 
met  Miss  Hardcastle  and  Miss  Neville. 
Marlow  became  the  husband  of  the 
former,  and  Hastings,  by  the  aid  of  Tuny 
Lumpkin,  won  the  latter. — O.  Goldsmith, 
S/w  Stoops  to  Conquer  (177  o). 

Hastings,  one  of  the  court  of  king 
Edward  IV. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Haswell,  the  benevolent  physician 
who  visited  the  Indian  prisons,  and  for 
his  moderation,  benevolence,  and  judg- 
ment, received  the  sultan's  signet,  which 
gave  him  unlimited  power. — Mrs.  Inch- 
bald,  Such  Things  Are  (1786). 

Hat  (A  White)  used  to  be  a  mark  of 
radical  proclivities,  because  orator  Hunt, 
the  great  demagogue,  used  to  wear  a 
white  hat  during  the  Wellington  and 
Peel  administration. 

Hat  'worn  in  the  Royal  Pre- 
sence.    Lord    Kingsale    acquired    the 


right  of  wearing  his  hat  in  the  presence 
of  royalty  by  a  grant  from  king  John. 
Lord  Forester  is  possessed  of  the  same 
right,  from  a  grant  conlirmed  by  Henry 
VIII. 

Hats  and  Caps,  two  political 
factions  of  Sweden  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  The  "  Hats"  were  partizans  in 
the  French  interest,  and  were  so  called 
because  they  wore  French  chapeaux. 
The  "  Caps "  were  partizans  in  th« 
Russian  interest,  and  were  so  called  be- 
cause they  wore  the  Russian  caps  as  ■ 
badge  of  their  party. 

Hatchway  (Lieutenant  Jack),  m 
retired  naval  officer  on  half-pay,  living 
with  commodore  Trunnion  as  a  com- 
panion.—  Smollett,  The  Adventures  of 
Peregrine  Pickle  (1751). 

Who  can  read  the  calamities  of  Trunnion  and  Hatch- 
way, when  run  away  with  hy  their  mettled  ste.-ds  .  .  . 
without  a  good  heart/  burst  of  honest  laughter? — Sir  W. 
Scott 

Hatef  (i.e.  the  deadly),  one  of  Ma- 
homet's swords,  confiscated  from  the 
Jews  when  they  were  exiled  from 
Medi'na. 

Hater.  Dr.  Johnson  said,  "  Sir,  1 
like  a  good  hater."  This  is  not  alto- 
gether out  of  character  with  the  words : 
"  Thou  art  neither  cold  nor  hot :  I  would 
thou  wert  cold  or  hot"  (Itev.  iii.  If) 
(See  Candid  Friend.) 

Rough  Johnson,  the  great  moralist,  professed 
Right  honestly  he  "liked  an  honest  hater." 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiii.  7  (1821). 

Hatim  (Generous  as),  an  Arabian 
expression.  Hatim  was  a  Bedouin  chief, 
famous  for  his  warlike  deeds  and  bound- 
less generosity.  His  son  was  contem- 
porary with  Mahomet  the  prophet. 

Hatter.  Mad  as  a  hatter,  or  mad 
as  a  viper.  Atter  is  Anglo-Saxon  for 
"adder"  or  "viper,"  so  called  from  its 
venomous  character;  dter,  "poison;" 
attcr-drink  or  dttor-drink,  "a  poisonous 
drink;"  dttor-lic,  "snake-like." 

Hatteraick  (Dirk),  alias  Jans  Jan- 
son,  a  Dutch  smuggler-captain,  and 
accomplice  of  lawyer  Glossin  in  kid- 
napping Henry  Bertrand.  Meg  Merrilies 
conducts  young  Hazlewood  and  others  to 
the  smuggler's  cave,  when  Hatteraick 
shoots  her,  is  seized,  and  imprisoned. 
Lawyer  Glossin  visits  the  villain  in 
prison,  when  a  quarrel  ensues,  in  which 
Hatteraick  strangles  the  lawyer,  and  then 
hangs  himself. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Alan- 
no-inn  (tunc.  Gcortre  ILL 


H.w  ro. 


HA  VIM  I  AM. 


Hatto,  archbishop    of  stents,    w»n 

i                     mice  in  •  tower, 

I               in    a    lilt  and    in    the 

miil^t  of   tlio   Rhine,  mm  the  tows  "f 

:V    III-    WHS    .-  .' 

I        j  rathey,  in  bit  ballad  i 

Judgment    un    a  Bi$kopt    has 

adopted  the  latter  tradition. 

Tiiii   llst'o.  In   thr   tlm-   ,,f  Bm  nal  ' 


«■    I. 

I 


■  I  wli  ll     •  >■  r    .   .    .   Ii.l  God  ,    .    . 

rrlrratcl  to  A  t<>*rr  in  Ibc  I  llllit  ua  BU 

I 

>  bj  Uium  utlU  creature 

*#*  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  in  hit  Itine- 
rary,  xi.  2.  lays:   "the  uu 

ire  called  rati."     ["his  may  account 
for  the  substitution  of    ruts  for  D 
tin-  legend. 

The  legend  of  Hatto  ia  very  common, 
as  the  following  atones  will  prove  : — 

,    bishop  of  Straaborg 
was  devoured  by  mice  in  t  • 
\  sax  of  li i h  epiai 

It  the  convent  of   Beltzen  on  tiio 
Chine. 

p  Ad  If,  of  Colognei  was  devoured 

by  mice  or  ruts  in  1 1 12. 

ten  collected    the 
pooi  iii  a  great  bam.  and  burnt  them  to 

death,    mocking     thrir    erics     of 

He,  like   Hatto.  was  invaded  by  mice, 
■    ■■!   Guttin  •  ■!,   in   the 
lake  of  Constance,  whither  the 
punned  him,  ami   ate  him  alive.    The 

:  1  says  the  castle  .-auk  in  the 
.Hid    may  still  be  aeon.     Freiherr 
•  n  had  three  castles,  one  of 
which 

.'  Qraaf,  in  order  t"  enrich  him- 
aclf,  bought  up  all  the  com.     <  > 
a  aid  laiumc  prevailed,  an 
■  :     reap  a  rich  harvest  by  his 

■peculation;  but  an  army  ol 
by  hunger,  invaded  his  barns,  and,  swarm- 
ing  into   his   Rhine  tower,   fell  on  the 
iron,  worried  him  to  death,  and  then 
.rnl  him.  -   /. 

imilaz  storv  is  told  by  William  of 
Bonn's 

edit.). 

it  the 
ity  "  the  souls  of 
the  murdered  i  aople." 

11  ,••     m  '  ■    .      "  the 

dancu  r."      II. 

Mention  of  queen  Elizabeth  by  his 
cil  dancing  at  u  manque.     He  was 


r  knight  of 

■ 

•••  the 
in  which  he  dan 
quadi 

■\        .     .     ■  •   ■ 

tor*.—  fain ■■■!•    )    <i  kliuw.  I  Ua,  Tk» 

Critic.  II    1 

Hautlicw  i   the 

intn.di.  -     '■'•  .     ~ 

liJscrt  of  l'arxs  (time,  Rufus). 

I 

\V.  bcutt,  OattU  l'awjcr<jui  (I 

Havelok  (2  mf.l  or  Hablok.  the 
orphan 

mark,    ••  h    the 

ry    of    ins    guardians. 

drilled     tO     I  I      •■  DC    ■ 

wh<  re  it 

man,  who  reared  I  I  undlingaa 

q.     It    ha | 
twenty  years  later  o  ttain  1.: 
usurped   the   dominions    of    ai     ! 

-,  and,  to  |>r.  \ent  her  gainii 

•    by    a    nol:. 
1    t"     many     her    t"    a    ]«asant. 
Young     Havelok     was     -  II     the 

but  bavin  >  1  the 

story  of   his    birth,  he  applied    I 
father  Birkabegn   for  aid   in   recovering 
his  wif< 

him  the   aid   required,   and    the 
foundlii 

mark    ainl    king  of    that    i 

!  d  which  belonged  to  him  in  right 

... 

tr>  ir.  • 

1  I  :iv  lafa  *n  old    B| 

who  dressed    always    in    In  r   bridal 

w  ith  lace  v.il  from  hea  .  wlnt« 

bridal  Qowera  in  bar  white  h»ir, 

and     jewels     en     her     hands     and     nevk. 

Bhe  was  the  dan 

■ 
• 
from  which  !. 

fill  into  the    In 
du  d  from  the  shook. 

lb!   '  f 

possessed.      Pfp  loved    her.  and    |  r 

married 

l'ruminle,     wb 
I  i  a  )      ■      arid  iw,     liie  ulc  cads 

W  Itll  t 


HAVRE. 


430 


HEART  OF  MIDLOTHIAN. 


I  [Pip]  took  her  hand  In  mine,  and  we  went  out  of  the 
ruined  place.  As  the  morning  mists  had  risen  .  .  .  when 
I  first  left  the  forge,  so  the  evening  were  rising  now ;  and 
...  I  saw  no  shadow  of  another  parting  from  her.— C. 
Dickens,  Great  Kx/tclaciotu  (1860). 

Havre,  in  France,  is  a  contraction  of 
Le  havre  de  notre  dame  de  Grace. 

Haw'cabite  (3  syl.),  a  street  bully. 
After  the  Restoration,  we  had  a  succession 
of  these  disturbers  of  the  peace :  first 
came  the  Muns,  then  followed  the  Tityre 
Tus,  the  Hectors,  the  Scourers,  the 
Nickers,  the  Hawcabitcs,  and  after  them 
the  Mohawks,  the  most  dreaded  of  all. 

Hawk  (Sir  Mulberry),  the  bear- 
leader of  lord  Frederick  Vcrisopht.  He 
is  a  most  unprincipled  roue',  who  sponges 
on  his  lordship,  snubs  him,  and  despises 
him.  "  Sir  Mulberry  was  remarkable  for 
his  tact  in  ruining  young  gentlemen  of 
fortune." 

With  all  the  boldness  of  an  original  genius,  sir  Mul- 
berry had  struck  out  an  entirely  new  course  of  treatment, 
quite  opposed  to  the  usual  method,  his  custom  bail 
to  ke*-p  iluwn  those  he  took  in  hand,  and  to  give  them 
their  own  war.  .  .  .  Thus  he  made  them  his  hulls  in  a 
dnuhlc  sense,  for  he  emptied  them  with  good  addreaa,  and 
made  them  the  laughing-stocks  of  society. — C.  Ukkeus, 
Nicholas  McJcleby.  xix.  (1S3S). 

To  know  a  hawk  from  a  handsaw,  a 
corruption  of  "  from  a  hernshaw  "  (i.e. 
a  ha-on),  meaning  that  one  is  so  ignorant 
he  does  not  know  a  hawk  from  a  heron, 
the  bird  of  prey  from  the  game  flown  at. 
The  Latin  proverb  is,  Ljnorat  quid  distent 
ccra  lupinis  ("he  does  not  know  sterling 
money  from  counters").  Counters  used 
in  games  were  by  the  Romans  called 
"  lupins." 

Hawkins,  boatswain  of  the  pirate 
vessel. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Fir  ate  (time, 
William  III.). 

Hawthorn,  a  jolly,  generous  old 
fellow,  of  jovial  spirit,  and  ready  to  do 
any  one  a  kindness  ;  consequently,  every- 
body loves  him.  He  is  one  of  those  rare, 
unselfish  beings,  who  "loves  his  neigh- 
bour better  than  himself." — I.  liickerstaff, 
Love  in  a  Village. 

1  lignum  [1765-18271.  in  such  parts  ns"  Hawthorn."  waa 
aupcrior  to  every  actor  since  the  days  of  Lcard.— Diction- 
ary of  Musicians. 

Hay  (Colonel),  in  the  king's  army. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Hay  (John),  fisherman  near  Ellan- 
gowan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering 
(time,  George  II.). 

Haydn  could  never  compose  a  single 
bar  of  music  unless  he  could  see  on  his 
finger  the  diamond  ring  given  him  by 
Frederick  11. 


Hayston  (Frank),  laird  of  Bucklaw 
and  afterwards  of  Girnington.  In  order 
to  retrieve  a  broken  fortune,  a  marriage 
was  arranged  between  Hayston  and  Lucy 
Ashton.  Lucy,  being  told  that  her  plighted 
lover  ( Edgar  master  of  Ravenswood)  was 
unfaithful,  assented  to  the  family  arrange- 
ment, but  stabbed  her  husband  on  the 
wedding  night,  went  mad,  and  died. 
Frank  Hayston  recovered  from  his  wound 
and  went  abroad. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride 
of  Lamnicrmoor  (time,  William  III.). 

%*  In  Donizetti's  opera,  Hayston  is 
called  "  Arturio." 

Hazlewood  (-Sir  Robert),  the  old 
baronet  of  Hazlewood. 

Charles  Hazlewood,  son  of  sir  Robert. 
In  love  with  Lucy  Bertram,  whom  he 
marries. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering 
(time,  George  II.). 

Head'rigg  (Cuddie),  a  ploughman  in 
lady  Bellcndcn's  sen-ice.  (Cuddie= 
Cuthbert.)— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Headstone  (Bradley),  a  school- 
master, of  very  determinate  character 
and  violent  passion.  He  loves  Lizzie 
Hexam  with  an  irresistible  mad  love, 
and  tries  to  kill  Eugene  Wrayburn  out 
of  jealousy.  Grappling  with  Rogue 
Riderhood  on  Plashwater  Bridge,  Rider- 
hood  fell  backwards  into  the  smooth  pit, 
and  Headstone  over  him.  Both  of  them 
perished  in  the  grasp  of  a  death-struggle. 
— C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Heart  of  England  (The),  War- 
wickshire, the  middle  county. 

Tliat  shire  which  we  "  The  Heart  of  England"  calL 
Drayton,  Polyoltrion,  xiiL  (1613). 

Heart  of  Midlothian,  the  old  jail 
or  tolbooth  of  Edinburgh,  taken  down  in 
1817. 

Sir  Walter  Scott  has  a  novel  so  called 
(1818),  the  plot  of  which  is  as  follows : — 
Efne  Deans,  the  daughter  of  a  Scotch 
cow-feeder,  is  seduced  by  George  Staun- 
ton, son  of  the  rector  of  Willingham  ; 
and  Jeanie  is  cited  as  a  witness  on  the 
trial  which  ensues,  by  which  Effie  is 
sentenced  to  death  for  child  murder. 
Jeanie  promises  to  go  to  London  and  ask 
the  king  to  pardon  her  half-sister,  and, 
after  various  perils,  arrives  at  her  desti- 
nation. She  lays  her  case  before  the  duke 
of  Argyll,  who  takes  her  in  his  carriage  to 
Richmond,  and  obtains  for  her  an  inter- 
view with  the  queen,  who  promises  to 
intercede  with  his  majesty  (George  II.) 
on  her  sister's  behalf.     In  due  time  Uiu 


HEARTALL. 


431 


lli.<   . 


royal  pardon  is  Pont  to  Edinburgh,  KfTie 
is  released,  and  marriei  her  seducer,  cow 
air  George  Staunton;  but  soon  after  t!ie 
marriage  sir  George  is  shot  by  a  gipsy 
boy,  who  is  in  reality  his  illegitimate 
son.  On  the  death  of  her  husband,  lady 
Staunton  retirt  a  to  a  convent  on  i; 
t incut.  Jeanie  marries  Reuben  I 
the  presbyterian  minister.  The  novel 
opens  with  the  Porteona  riots. 

Heartall  (Governor),  an  old  bachelor, 
peppery  in  temper,  bul  with  a  generous 
heart  and  unbounded  benevolence,  lie 
is  as  simple-minded  as  a  child,  and  loves 
Lis  young  nephew  almost  to  adoration. 

Frank  aeartall,  the  governor's  m  phew ; 
impulsive,  free-handed,  and  free-hearted, 

benevolent  and   frank,      lie  falls   in    love 

with  the  Widow  Cheerly,  the  daughter  ox 
colonel  Woodley,  whom  he  sees  first  at 
the  opera.    Ferret,  a  calumniating  rascal, 

tries  to  do  mischief,  but  is  utterly   I 

— Cherry,  The  Soldier's  Jjawjhtcr  (lSU-1). 

Heartfree  (Jack),  a  railer  against 
women  and  against  marriage.  He  falls 
half  in  love  with  lady  Fanciful,  on  whom 
he  rails,  and  marries  Belinda. — Yun- 
brugh,  The  Provoked  Wife  (iG'Jli). 

Heartwell,  a  friend   of   Ma 

Who  falls  in  love  with  Flora,  a  niece  of 
old  Farmer  Freehold.  They  marry,  and 
arc  happy. — John  l'hilip  Keuilde,  The 
Tar>it-/tuuse. 

Heatherblutter  [John's,  gamekeeper 
of  the  baron  of  Bradwardine  (8  syl.)  at 
Tully    Veolan.— Sir  \V.  Scott,    Wa 
(tune,  George  11.). 

Heaven,  according  to  Pant,",  begins 
from  the  top  of  the  mountain  I'm. 
and  rises  upwards    through    the    seven 
iry  spheres,  the  Bnhere  of  thi 

htar<.  the  pmnutn  mobilfi,  and  terminates 
with  the  empyreum,  which  is  the 
God.     (Sci-  PaBADIBIn  )    Milton  pit 
the  same  divisions.     Be  says,  "theywho 
to  be  sure  of  paradise  dying  put  ou  the 
garb  of  monks  :  " 

.  .  .  pm  the  planet!  wrrn.  »nd  pi\M  the  "  Alt," 
And  that  i 
Ti.«  :rp|  .»L»li'iii   talked,  au.l   Hint  fir. I  moved  .  .  .  »nd 

n-.w 
At  fi..l  ..f  bejOTOD' 

I    T.'.t    V/ll 

■  lllu  U.»  d 

Milton.  /MroJu*  l.ott.  111.  4X1.  tic.  |1>VU). 

1 1  iLven-sont  Minister  (The)t 
William  Pitt  (1769    1  ^OG). 

Hobe  (2  »v'-),  goddess  of  youth,  and 

irer    of     the     immortals     bi  fore 

Osmij siiswlsj  tupersedad  her.    She  was  me 


■ut  UM7  li't  their  fort.  vIicm  to  I 
.  .  bluwi  lli.iu  .  .  .  awry 


wife  of  Ilercuh's,  and  had   the  power  of 
.   young   1        .       9« 

1  s.\.) 

■  ■■■  0.«7  to  band  aibbroiia.  ml* 
lactafi 

Tennjvn.  TK»  friitc*m.  IB. 

Hiib'ron,  in  the  first  part  of  A 
and    A  .  r 

Holland  ;    but  in 

and.      I'..  ' 
similarly  means  in  one  case  a  Hollander, 
and  in  the  other  a  Scotchman. 

Hec'ate    (-'  eyl.),  called    in  elassia 
mythology   Uecf.a.te    (.<  >>'.);   a  triple 
deity,  being  Luwi  in  heaven, 
earth,  and    Proserpine   (8  syi.)   in   hell 
Hecate  presid<  d  over  ma  ■  hant- 

ments,  and  was  generally  represented  as 

lia\  ing  the  In  ad  of   a  h  r  1  •  ar, 

sometimes  she  i  d  with 

bodies,   and    three    heads    i 
different  ways.     Shakespeare  inti  i 

hi  r  in  his   tragedy  of  lCt  iii. 

,  as  queen  of  the  witches;  but  the 
witches  of    bfAcbeth   have   I 
borrowed  from  a  drama 

by  Thorn.  Middleton  .    Tin* 

following  is  a  specimen  of  ihis  indebted- 
ness : — 

Jletxue.  W.ick  »plrltj  nnd  wliltc.  ml  M'!r!t»  an. I  prry, 

raa  ttial  nliMLal  ma*  . . 
]«r  nitcii    Herei  Um  blood  ol  .->  bat 
i  ut  in  n.ii. 
In  i  ii  .a*, 

y/icots.    l'ut  in  m;aiii.  etc.,  etc 

■n.  t»*  n  4ft*. 
And  fOBdat  pale-faced  Hecate  there,  the  muoa, 
Dvlli  (tfi 

llwin.  Kill.   1  he  SpmmUk    I  r jy.  Jy  |1307V 

Hector,  one   of    tlie    sons  of    Priam 
kin^'  of  Trov.    This  bravest  and 
of  all  the  '1  rojan  chiefs  ■ 

illied  arm.  .  in   the 

last   year  of  the  war  by  Achilles,  who, 

with   barbarous   fury,  i 

body  insultingly  thnce  round  the  I 

Patrocloa  and  the  wall- 
city. —  Homer,   I 

Hector  do  Mures  (1  .«•;/.)  or 
M.uys,  •  knight  of  the  Round  Table, 
bruLlur  of  sir  Launcelot  du  I-ac. 

•  . 

sir  S  ,  x  u  (inn 

Sector  of  G  ■  achia  n. 

I  :  14-1571). 

HeotOT    Of  the    Mist,  an    outlaw, 

I  1.). 

11  ot    th« 

.■  ion,  »  ei.  | 

street  braw lets,  as  the  Huns,  the  Titrra 


HEELTAP. 


432 


HELEN. 


Tub,  the  Hectors,  the  Scourers,  the 
Nickers,  the  Hawcabites,  and,  lastly,  the 
Mohawks,  worst  of  them  all. 

Heeltap  (Crispin),  a  cobbler,  and 
one  of  the  corporation  of  Garratt,  of 
which  Jerrv  Sneak  is  chosen  mayor. — 
S.  Foote,  The  Mayor  of  Garratt  (1763). 

Heep  (Urfah),  a  detestable  sneak, 
who  is  everlastingly  forcing  on  one's 
attention  that  he  is  so  'umble.  Uriah 
ie  Mr.  Wicktield's  clerk,  and,  with  all 
his  ostentatious  'umility,  is  most  design- 
ing, malignant,  and  intermeddling.  11  is 
infamy  is  dragged  to  light  by  Mr. 
Micawber. 

"  I  am  well  aware  that  I  am  the  'umblest  person  going, 
let  the  olhcr  be  who  he  may.  My  nmther  h  lil 
very  'limbic  person.  We  live  in  a  D'umble  abode,  Ma*'<-r 
Copperfield,  but  have  much  to  bo  thankful  f>>r  My 
fathers  former  calling  was  umhle— he  was  a  sexton." — 
C.  Dickens,  David  OofptrfitM,  xvi.  (184a). 

Heidelberg  (Mrs.),  the  widow  of  a 
wealthy  Dutch  merchant,  who  kept  her 
brother's  house  (Mr.  Sterling,  a  City 
merchant).  She  was  very  vulgar,  and, 
"  knowing  the  strength  of  her  purse, 
domineered  on  the  credit  of  it."  Mrs. 
Heidelberg  had  most  exalted  notions 
"of  the  qnalaty,"  and  a  '•  perfect  con- 
tempt for  everything  that  did  not  smack 
of  high  life."  Her  English  was  certainly 
faulty,  as  the  following  specimens  will 
show  : — farden,  vmUgar,  spurrit,  pertest, 
Swish,  kivers,  purliteness,  etc.  She 
epoke  of  a  pictwr  by  Iuiphacl-An/jelo,  a 
po-shay,dish-abillc,]><irfetnaturals[idiots], 
most  ijcnteclest,  ana  so  on.  When 
thwarted  in  her  overbearing  ways,  she 
threatened  to  leave  the  house  and  go  to 
Holland  to  live  with  her  husband's 
cousin,  Mr.  Vanderspracken.  —  Colman 
and  Garrick,  The  Clandestine  Marriage 
(1766). 

Heimdall  (2  syl.),  in  Celtic  mytho- 
logy, was  the  son  of  nine  virgin  sisters. 
He  dwelt  in  the  celestial  fort  Himins- 
biorg,  under  the  extremity  of  the  rain- 
bow. His  ear  was  so  acute  that  he  could 
hear  M  the  wool  grow  on  the  sheep's 
back,  and  the  grass  in  the  meadows." 
Heimdall  was  the  watch  or  sentinel  of 
Asgard  (Olympus),  and  even  in  his  sleep 
was  able  to  see  everything  that  tran- 
spired.    (See  Fine-ear,  p.  333.) 

J/tiindall's  Horn.  At  the  end  of  the 
world,  Heimdall  will  wake  the  gods  with 
his  horn,  when  they  will  be  attacked  by 
Muspell,  Loki,  the  wolf  Fenris,  and  the 
■erpent  Jormunsgandar. 

And  much  he  talked  of  .  .  . 
And  Heimdal's  hum  and  the  day  of  doom. 
*  "ow.  The  iVayide  Inn  (uitcrludo,  1863). 


Heinrich  (Poor),  or  "Poor  Hen.-y," 
the  hero  and  title  of  a  poem  by  liart- 
mann  von  der  Aue  [Our],  Heinrich 
was  a  rich  nobleman,  struck  with  leprosy, 
and  was  told  he  would  never  recover  till 
some  virgin  of  spotless  purity  volun- 
teered to  die  on  his  behalf.  As  Heinrich 
neither  hoped  nor  even  wished  for  such 
a  sacrifice,  he  gave  the  main  part  of  his 
possessions  to  the  poor,  and  went  to  live 
with  a  poor  tenant  farmer,  who  was  one 
of  his  vassals.  The  daughter  of  this 
farmer  heard  by  accident  on  what  the 
cure  of  the  leper  depended,  and  went  to 
Salerno  to  offer  herself  as  the  victim. 
No  sooner  was  the  offer  made  than  the 
lord  was  cured,  and  the  damsel  became 
his  wife  (twelfth  century). 

%*  This  tale  forms  the  subject  of 
Longfellow's  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Heir-at-Law.  Baron  Duberly  being 
dead,  his  "heir-at-law"  was  Henry  Mor- 
land,  supposed  to  be  drowned  at  sea,  and 
the  next  heir  was  Daniel  Dowlas,  a 
chandler  of  Gosport.  Scarcely  had 
Daniel  been  raised  to  his  new  dignity, 
when  Henry  Morland,  who  had  been 
cast  on  Cape  Breton,  made  his  appear- 
ance, and  the  whole  aspect  of  affairs  was 
changed.  That  Dowlas  might  still  live 
in  comfort,  suitable  to  his  limited  am- 
bition, the  heir  of  the  barony  settled  on 
him  a  small  life  annuity. — G.  Colman, 
ILir-at-Law  (17U7). 

Hel'a,  queen  of  the  dead.  She  is 
daughter  of  Loki  and  Angnrbo'da  (a 
giantess).  Her  abode,  called  Helbeim, 
was  a  vast  castle  in  Nillheim,in  the  midst 
of  eternal  snow  and  darkness. 

Down  the  yawning  steep  he  rode. 
That  leads  to  He  la's  drear  abode. 

Gray.  Jtctcent  0/  Odin  (1757) 

Helen,  wife  of  Menelaos  of  Sparta. 
She  eloped  with  Paris,  a  Trojan  prince, 
while  he  was  the  guest  of  the  Spartan 
king.  Menelaos,  to  avenge  this  wrong, 
induced  the  allied  armies  of  Greece  to 
invest  Troy ;  and  after  a  siege  of  ten, 
years,  the  city  was  taken  and  burnt  to' 
the  ground. 

%*  A  parallel  incident  occurred  in 
Ireland.  Dervorghal,  wife  of  Ticrnan 
O'Ruark,  an  Irish  chief  who  held  the 
county  of  Leitrim,  eloped  with  Dermod 
M'Murchad  prince  of  Leinster.  Dermod 
induced  O'Connor  king  of  Connanght  to 
avenge  this  wrong.  So  O'Connor  drove 
Dermod  from  his  throne.  Dermod  ap- 
plied to  Henry  II.  of  England,  and  this 
was  the  incident  which  brought  about  the 


HELEN. 

conquest  of  Ireland  (1172). — Leland,  //«- 
tvru  of  Ireland  (1773). 

Hel'en,  the  heroine  of  Miss  Edge- 
WOrth's  novel  of  the  same  name.  This 
m  Iht  last  ami  most  popular  tali-  (  1884) 

■i,  cousin  of  Modus  the  bookworm. 
She  loved  her  cousin,  ami  taught  him 
there  was  a  better  "art  of  love"  than 

that  written  by  Ovid. — S.  Knowles,  The 
EuHchbacA  (1831). 

Uhn  Tuylcir  was  the  orlrfnnl  "  Helen."  nnd   her  per- 

r.  u   v.-rs-iih  proi I  to  be  < 

uimbred  -i 
r  r.i>l..r  won  In  the  part. and  after  the 

piny  she  mil  It  hhn.  Tin-  poet,  in  reply,  lent  the  Luly  a 
IBB1  "f  versca. — Walter  Lucy. 

Helen  {Lady),  in  love  with  sir  Edward 
Mortimer.  Her  uncle  insulted  sir 
Edward  in  a  county  assembly]  strmk 
him  down,  and  trampled  on  him.  Sir 
Edward,  returning  home,  encountered  the 
drunken  ruffian  ami  murdered  him.  He 
was  tried  for  the  crime,  and  acquitted 
"without  a  stain  upon  his  character  ;"  hut 
the  knowledge  of  the  deed  preyed  upon 
•his  mind,  so  that  he  could  nol  marry  the 
niece  of  the  murdered  man.  After  lead- 
ing   a    life    of    utter    wretchedni 

Edward     told      Helen     that,     he      W8S     the 

murderer  of  her  ancle,  and  died. — G. 
Colman,  The  Iron  Chest  (17:'     . 

Helen  [Mowbray],  in  love  with  Wal- 
singham.    "Of  all  grace  t; 

person,  feature,  mind,  heart,  everything, 
as   nature  had  essayed   to   frame  a   work 

where  none  could  And  a  Saw."   Allured  by 

lord  Atliunree  to  a  house  of  ill-fame, 
under  pretence  of  doing  a  work  of  charity, 
rdic  was  seen  by  Walsingham  as  she  came 

out,  and    he  abandoned  her  as  a  wanton. 

She  then  assumed  male  attire,  with  the 
name  of  Eustace.  Walsingham  became 
her  friend,  was  told  that  Eustace  was 
Helen's  brother,  ami  finally  discovered 
that  Eustace  was  Helen  herself.  The 
mystery  being  cleared  up,  they  became 
man   ami   wife.  -s.    Snowies,  Woman's 

\\\t,  et<\  (1K.JS). 

Helen's    Fire    [ftm    fEel 

coma/ant,  called  "  St.  Helme's  "  or  "  St. 
Elmo'l  tire"  by  the  S|»aniards;  the  "  tins 

of  Si.   Peter  and  St.  Nicholas"   by  the 
Italians;  and   "Castor  and   Pollux"  by 
the  ancient  Romans.    This  electri 
will  sometimes  play  about  the  n 
ships.     If  only  one  appears,  foul  weather 

Bay  he  looked  for;  hut  if  two  or  more 
(lames  appear,  the   Worst  of  the  storm  is 

I 


433  HELENA. 


Whene'er  the  "en 
u  Uine»  < 

19 


of  i^.u  aVad 

i   |   ,,-     >•       .1       li.  A.I. 


The  itormwliid,  ce*»e.  ;'  ■  !•>  -ilW  ajaaf 
KalU  from  the  nxkn.  cloudj  pwa  «w»y, 

the  bneoin  nf  the  deep 
In  pace  the  angry  billows  I   - 

■Ml  OUt,  i.  11 

Helen  of  One's  Troy,  the  ambi- 
tion of  our  heart,  tl bject   for 

we  live  and  die.      The  allusion,  of  l 

is  to  that  Helen  who  eloped  with  I 

and    thus    brought    about    the 

destruction  of  Troy. 

K..r  which  nan  all  t-' 
Lord  Brooke,  TrwUU  of  Hum  in 

Hel'cna  [St.),  daughter  of  Coel  duke 
1  stex     and    afterwards     k; 

Britain.      She    married    Constant] 
Roman    senator,    who  "Old 

km_'  Cole";,  and  became  the  mother  of 

mtine  the  Great.     <  lonstantin 
at  York  |  \.i>.  806  I.     Helena  is  said' 

discovered   at   Jerusalem   to pulchre 

and     cross    of    Jesus    Christ. — <o 
British  History,  v.  6(1142). 

%*  This   legend    is    told 
chester  arms,  which  consist  of  a  a 
three  cmwns  (two  atop   and  one  at  the 
foot  of  ' 

A!  n  censMornMc  depth  heneaththe  «iirnve  of  I 
were  fouud  three  croam 

■  tin  which  was  the  true 

■ 

■     hut    the    th'.r  i 

mated  thebod>.— J.  Umity.  Ctajnti  BataaSaria 
Haraalf  In  paraon  went  to  seek  that  holycroai 

I  which  found.  »  it  wai  Bought  J 
rroin  Balam  unto  Bom* 

on,  Patfjltlmt,  rfll  u«l«. 

Hel'enn,    only    daughfa 
Narbon    the    physician.     Bhe    ws 
under    the    charge    of    the   counb 
Rousillon,  wl  '  fell  in 

love    with.      The    kin:;    sent   for    B 

to  the   palace,  ami  Helena,  hearing   the 

king   was   ill,   obtained   |     l 

countess  to  (rive  him  a  prescription  left 

by  her  late  father.  The  no  d 
the  kin:;,  and  the  kin;;,  in 
promised  to  make  her  the  wift 
<rf  his  courtiers   that    -he   ch    BO.       I 

selected  Bertram, and  tl  UTied; 

butthehaughty  count,  bating  the  al 

to  join  the  army   of  tie 

of  Flon  nee.     Hi 

on  a  pilgrimage  to  tl 
St.  Jac  |ues  le  <  Irand,  carryin  ■  n  itb  her  a 
tetter  from  her  husban  that  he 

would  •  re  "till  ib< 

ring  from  off  Ins  finger."    c 
rinc,  she  lodged  at   1 
with  a  widow,  the  mother  of  Diana,  with 
whom    I'.ertram     w  a-     wantonly    in    lova, 

Helena  was   pe,mitt.  d    I 

ive  his  vioit  -.  in  qm  el 
8  v 


HELENA. 


434 


HELL  KETTLES. 


which  they  exchanged  rings.  Both  soon 
after  this  returned  to  the  countess  de 
Kousillon,  where  the  king  was,  and  the 
king,  seeing  OH  Bertram's  linger  the  ring 
which  he  gave  to  Helena,  had  him 
arrested  on  suspicion  of  murder.  Helena 
now  explained  the  matter,  and  all  was 
well,  for  all  ended  well.— Shakespeare, 
Airs  Well  that  eruis  WeU  (1698). 

Helens  U  a  young  woman  seeking  s  man  In  marriage. 
Tin-  ordinal;  kiwi  >,l  eoortahrp  .ire  rarenad,  the  habttnal 
i  ire  violated  ;  ret  irtth  nek  axqi 

UI  subject  u  bandied,  th.it    Helena'i  (. 
I  ir.     Iielicacy  dispenses  with  her  Liw.  in 

I.,  r  I  mar.— C  Lamb. 

Ikl'ena,  a  young  Athenian  lady,  in  love 
With  Demetrius.  She  was  the  playmate 
of  ller'mia,  with  whom  she  grew  up,  as 
"two  cherries  on  one  .stalk. 
$yl.)t  the  father  of  Hermia,  promised  hll 
daughter  in  marriage  to  Demetrius:  but 
when    Demetrius  saw  that   Hermia   loved 

Lysander,  he  turned  to  Helena,  who  lored 
him  dearly,  and  married  her.-  Shake- 
speare, Midsummer  Night? »  Dream  (1692). 

Hel'ice  (3  s;/l.),  the  Great  Bear. 

•  on  tin-  earth  poured  darkness;  on  the  sea 
i  i . .  Orion's  atai 

And  Helld  turned  h* 

Apolluiilua  Hliudiiu,  7/w  A  r.jonautic  Expedition. 

Kel'icon,  a  mountain  of  liuo'tia, 
sacred  to  the  Muses. 

From  Helicon's  harmonious  springs 

A  thousand  rills  their  nuury  prom-ess  take 

Gray,  /'rojrress  o/  Potty  (17S7). 

Hel'inore  {Dame),  wife  of  Malbeceo, 
who  was  jealous  of  her,  and  not  without 
cause.  When  sir  Paridel,  sir  Bafyrane 
(8  si/L),  and  Britomart  (as  the  Squire  of 
Dames)  took  refuge  in  Malbeceo's  house, 
Dame  Helinore  and  sir  Paridel  had  many 
"false  belgardcs "  at  each  other,  and 
talked  love  with  glances  which  needed  no 
interpreter.  Helinore,  having  set  lire  to 
the  closet  where  malbeceo  kept  his 
treasures,  eloped  with  Paridel,  while  the 
old  miser  stopped  to  put  out  the  fire. 
Paridel  soon  tired  of  the  dame,  and  cast 
her  off,  leaving  her  to  roam  whither  she 
listed.  She  was  taken  up  by  the  satyrs, 
who  made  her  their  dairy-woman,  and 
crowned  her  queen  of  the  may. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iii.  t),  10  (1690). 

Heliotrope  renders  the  bearer  of  it 
hivisible,  Bocckocio  calls  it  a  stone,  but 
Bolinus  says  it  is  the  herb  so  called. 
(See  Invisibility). 

Amid  this  drend  exuberance  of  woe 
Ran  nuk.'.l  >i>inlj<.  winged  with  horrid  fear; 
Nor  bop*  had  than  of  crerios  where  to  hide. 
Or  heliotrope  U>  charm  than  out  of  riow. 

DantA.  Inferno,  mr.  (130'). 
Heliotrope  is  a  irori«  of  such  •straordlnary  rirtue  that 


the  bearer  of  it  is  effectually  concealed  from  the  sight  of 
all  present.— Boccaccio,  iMcameron  (day  riii  Si. 

Vlrldi  colore  est  gemma  beliotropion,  non  ita  amto  sad 
nubilo  magis   et    repress*,   stellis   puniceis   su|«  I 
f»u-j  iioniinis  de  effectu  lapldis  est  at  ["•te-tate. 
in  lubris  ttneis  radios  sous  inutat  s&iiguineo  rt-j- 

.Vris  ahjlcil  el  avertlL  Kilimi 
llludposar  dirilur.  ut  her ba  ejusdem  nominls  iiuita  ei  pra> 
cantatloalbai  legiUnils  consecrata.  euin.  a  quocunque 
gestahitur,  Bubtrahat  vtsibusobvioruux— -Sulinus,  Oeoj  .  \l 

Helisane  de  Crenne,  contem- 
porary with  l'aquier.  She  wrote  her  own 
Biography,  including  the  "history  of 
her  own  death." — Anjoisses  Dulvureutei 
(Lyons,  1646). 

Hel  Keplein,  a  mantle  of  invisi- 
bility, belonging  to  the  dwarf-king  I,aurin. 
lm  lainiLRT.) — The  lleldenbuch 
(thirteenth  century). 

Hell,  according  to  Mohammedan  belief, 

is  divided  into   -,  -,  aaj  compartnit  nts  :    (1) 

for  Mohammedans,  (2)  for  Jews,  (-i)  for 

Christians,     (1)     for     Babiana,     (I 

for  idolaters,  (7)   for  hypo- 
All  hut  idolaters  and  unliclicvera 
will  l>c  in  time  released  from  torment. 

J/rlt,  I>ant."  says,  is  a  vast  funnel, 
divided  into  t  ight  circles,  with  ledges  more 

1  ach  circle,  of  oral 
narrower  than  the  one  above,  and  the  la.-t 

foes  down  to  the  very  eetitre  of  the  earth. 
I  10 circles  begin,  there  is  a  neutral 
land   ami   a   limbo.      In   the   neutral  laud 
wander   those  not    bad  enough    for  hell 
1  enough  for  heaven  ;  in  the  limbo, 

who  knew  no  .sin  hut  were  not 
baptized  Christians.  Coming  then  to  hell 
proper,  circle  1,  he  sa 
by  the  river  Acheron,  and  in  this  division 
of  inferno  dwell  the  spirits  of  the  heathen 
philosophers.  Circle  2  is  presided  over 
by  Minos,  and  here  are  the  spirits  of  those 
guilty  of  carnal  and  sinful  love.  Circle 
o  is  guarded  by  Cerberus,  and  this  is  the 

i  set  apart  for  gluttons.  Circle  I, 
presided  over  by  Plutus,  is  the  realm 
of  the  avaricious.  Circle  ;>  contains  the 
Stygian  taike,  and  here  flounder  in  deep 
mud  those  who  in  life  put  no  restraint  on 
their  anger.  Circle  6  (in  the  city  of 
Dis)  is  for  those  who  did  violence  to  man 
by  force  or  fraud.  Circle  7  (in  the  city 
of  Dis)  is  for  suicides.  Circle  H  (also  in 
the  city  of  Dis)  is  for  blasphemers  and 
heretics.  After  the  eight  circles  come 
the    ten    pits    or    chasms  of    Malebolge 

.  |,  the  last  of  which  is  in  the  centre 
of  the  earth,  and  here,  be  says,  is  the 
frozen  river  of  Cocy'tue.     (See  I.nfkkno.) 

Hell  Kettles,  three  black  pits  of 
boiling  heat  and  sulphurous  vapour,  on  the 
banks  of  the  Skein,  iu  Northumberland. 


HELL  PAVED,  ETC. 


435 


IT  EX  NEB  ERG. 


. 


The  SVern  .  .  .  spleth  near  her  hank 

Three  black  and  horrid  pita,  which  for  their  sulpheroua  [tic] 

sweat 
"  Holl  KetUcs  "  rightly  called. 

Dayton,  Polyolbion,  xxlx.  (1622). 

*+*  One  of  the  caverns  is  1!)  feet  6 
inches  deep,  another  is  14  feet  deep,  and 
the  third  is  17  feet.  These  three  com- 
municate with  each  other.  There  is  a 
fourth  b\  feet  deep,  which  is  quite  separate 
from  the  other  three. 

Hell  Paved  -with  Good  Inten- 
tions.— A  Portuguese  Proverb. 

.  .  .  saying  "they  meant  well" 
"Tis  pity  "  tiiat  such  meanings  should  pave  hell." 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  viii.  -25  (1821). 

Hellebore  (3  syl.),  celebrated  in 
maniacal  cases. 

And  melancholy  cures  by  sovereign  hellebore. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xiii.  (1013), 

Hellespont.  Lcander  used  to  swim 
across  the  Hellespont  to  visit  Hero,  a 
priestess  of  Sestos.  Lord  Byron  and 
lieutenant  Ekenhead  repeated  the  feat, 
and  accomplished  it  in  seventy  minutes, 
the  distance  being  four  miles  (allowing 
for  drifting). 

He  could,  perhaps,  have  passed  the  Hellespont, 
As  once  (a  feat  on  which  ourselves  we  prided) 
Leander,  Mr., Ekenhead.  and  I  did. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  1L  10S  (1819). 

Hellica'nus,  the  able  and  honest 
minister  of  Per'icles,  to  whom  lie  left  the 
charge  of  Tyre  during  his  absence. 
Iteing  offered  the  crown,  Helliefinus  nobly 
declined  the  offer,  and  remained  faithful 
to  the  prince  throughout. — Shakespeare, 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1G08). 

Helmet  of  Invisibility.  The 
helmet  of  Perseus  (2  syl.)  rendered  the 
wearer  invisible.  This  was  in  reality  the 
"Helmet  of  Ha'des,"  and  after  Perseus 
had  slain  Medu'sa  he  restored  it,  together 
with  the  winged  sandals  and  magic 
wallet.  Tho  "  gorgon's  head"  he  pre- 
sented to  Minerva,  who  placed  it  in  the 
middle  of  lier  Bgis.      (See  INVISIBILITY.) 

*#*  Mambrlno's  helmet  had  the  same 
magical  power,  though  don  Quixote]  even 
in  his  midsummer  madnesS,  never  thought 
himself  invisible  when  he  donned  the 
barber's  basin. 

Heloise.  La  Nowoelle  Eilolae.  a  ro- 
mance by  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  (1761). 

Helvet'ia,  Switzerland,  modernized 
Latin  for  Ager  Helvetiorvm. 

England*!  glory  and  Helvetia's  charms. 

OampbeQ,  rimuumor  iiot-c,  I.  (1798). 

ITie  Helvetian  Mountains,  the  Swiss  Alps. 

■Twill  sunset.  :md  the  r.oi.--./.-;rw.  'i.-.t  w.i.  iun& 

And  llbjht*  w,  ie  ,.'.  r  lh'  II.  I.,  li  ui  M 

1W  Undid  Uiu  lake.,  like  moltol    «ol  I  hoi  in 

Campbell.  Tlfoduric. 


He'mera,  sister  of  prince  Memnon, 
mentioned  by  Dictys  Cretcnsis.  Milton, 
in  his  II  I'enscroso,  speaks  of  ''prime 
Memnon's  sister"  (lfi.;*). 

Hem'junah,  princess  of   Cassimir/, 
daughter    of     the    sultan     Zebeni 
betrothed  at  the  age  of  L3  to  the  prince 
of  Georgia,     As    Bemjunah    had    oevei 

seen  the  prince,  she  ran  away  to  avoid 
a  forced  marriage,  and  was  changed  by 
Ulin  the  enchanter  into  a  toad.  In  this 
form  she  became  acquainted  with  Misnar 
sultan  of  India,  who  had  likewise  been 
transformed  into  a  toad  by  Ulin.  Misnar 
was  disenchanted  by  a  dervise,  and  slew 
Ulin;  whereupon  the  princess  rei  " 
her  proper  shape,  and  returned  home.  A 
rebellion  broke  out  in  Cassimir,  but  the 
"angel  of  death"  destroyed  the  rebel 
army,  and  Zebcne/.er  was  restored  to  his 
throne.  His  surprise  was  unbounded 
when  he  found  that  the  prince  of  Georgia 
and  the  sultan  of  India  were  one  and  thu 
same  person;  and  Ilenijiinah  said,  "He 
assured,  0  sultan,  that  1  shall  not  refuse 
the  hand  of  the  prince  of  Georgia,  even  if 
my  father  commands  mj  ."' — Sir 

C.  Morel!  [J.  Ridley],  Tales 
("  Princess  of  Cassimir,"  vii.,  1751). 

Hemlock.      Socrates    the    Wise  and 
Phocion  the  Good  were  both  by  the  Athe- 
nians  condemned   to  death    by  hemlock 
juice,  Socrates  at  the  age  of  7<>  (b.< 
and  Phocion  at  the  age  of  *.">  (B.C.  317). 

HernpsTurke  (2  syl.),  a  captain 
serving  under  W'olfort  the  usurper  of  the 
earldom  of  Flanders.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Beggars'  Hush  (H')'_"_>). 

Hen  and    Chickens    {The),  the 

i  ..'.    Called  in  Basque  OUoat  » 

(same  meaning). — Miss  Frere,  Old  ■  I 
Days,  27. 

Henbane  makes  those  who  chance  to 
eat  of  it  "  bray  like  asses  or  neigh  like 
horses." 

Hen'derson     (Elias),    chaplain    at 
Lochleven   Castle.     v>r    \Y. 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Henneborg  (Count).  One  day  » 
beggar-woman  asked  count  Elenneberg's 
wile  for  alma.    The  countess  twitted  her 

for  carrying  twins,  whereupon  the  woman 

cursed  iier,  with  the  assurance  that  "her 
ladyship   should    be    the    mother 

children."     The  legend   says    that   the 

countess  bore  them  at  one  birth,  but 
none  "t"  them  lived  any  hngth  of  time. 
All  the  ^ iris  were  named   Elizabeth,  and 


HENRIETTA  MARIA. 


436 


HENRY. 


nil  the  boys  John.    They  are  buried,  we 
are  told,  at  the  Hague. 

Henrietta  Maria,  widow  of  king 
Charles  1.,  introduced  in  air  W.  Scott's 
neveril  of  the  Peak  (1823). 

Henrietta  Street,  Cavendish 
Square,  London,  is  so  called  in  compli- 
ment to  Henrietta  Cavendish,  daughter  of 
John  Holies  duke  of  Newcastle,  and  wife 
of  Edward  second  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer.  From  these  come  "Edward 
Street,"  "  Henrietta  Street,"  "  Cavendish 
Square,"  and  "  Holies  Street."  (See 
Portland  Place.) 

Henriette  (3  syl.),  daughter  of 
Chrysalc  (2  syl.)  and  Philaminte  (3  syl.). 
She  is  in  love  with  Clitandre,  and  ulti- 
mately becomes  his  wife.  Philaminte, 
who  is  a  blue-stocking,  wants  Henriette 
to  marry  Trissotin  a  bel  esprit ;  and 
Armande  the  sister,  also  a  pas  bleu, 
thinks  that  Henriette  ou^ht  to  devote 
her  life  to  science  and  philosophy ;  but 
Henriette  loves  woman's  work  far  better, 
and  thinks  that  her  natural  province  is 
domestic  life,  with  wifely  and  motherly 
duties.  Her  father  Chrysale  takes  the 
name  views  of  woman's  life  as  his 
daughter  Henriette,  but  he  is  quite  under 
the  thumb  of  his  strong-minded  wife. 
However,  love  at  last  prevails,  and 
Henriette  is  given  in  marriage  to  the 
man  of  her  choice.  The  French  call 
Henriette  "  the  type  of  a  perfect  woman," 
i.e.  a  thorough  woman.  —  Moliere,  Les 
Femmes  Savantes  (1672). 

Henrique  (Bon),  an  uxorious  lord, 
cruel  to  his  younger  brother  don  Jamie. 
Don  Henrique  is  the  father  of  Asca'nio, 
and  the  supposed  husband  of  Violan'te 
(4  syl.). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Henry,  a  soldier  engaged  to  Louisa. 
Some  rumours  of  gallantry  to  Henry's 
disadvantage  having  reached  the  village, 
he  is  told  that  Louisa  ifl  about  to  be 
married  to  another.  In  his  despair  he 
gives  himself  up  as  a  deserter,  and  is 
condemned  to  death.  Louisa  now  goes 
to  the  king,  explains  to  him  the  whole 
matter,  obtains  her  sweetheart's  pardon, 
and  reaches  the  jail  just  as  the  muffled 
drums  begin  to  beat  the  death  march. — 
Dibdin,  The  Deserter  (1770). 

Henry,  son  of  sir  Philip  Blandford'a 
brother.  Roth  the  brothers  loved  the 
same  lady,  but  the  younger  marrying  her, 
sir  Philip,  in  his  raj;e,  stabbed  him,  as 
it  was  thought,  mortally.     In  due  time, 


the  young  "widow"  had  a  son  (Henry),  a 
very  high-minded,  chivalrous  young  man, 
greatly  beloved  by  every  one.  After 
twenty  years,  his  father  re-appeared  utder 
the  name  of  Morrington,  and  Henry 
married  his  cousin  Emma  Blandford. — 
Thorn.  Morton,  Speed  the  Plough  (1798). 

Henry  (Poor),  prince  of  Hoheneck,  in 
Bavaria.  Being  struck  with  leprosy,  he 
quitted  his  lordly  castle,  gave  largely  to 
the  poor,  and  retired  to  live  with  a  small 
cottage  farmer  named  Gottlieb  [Got.leeb], 
one  of  his  vassals.  He  was  told  that  he 
would  never  be  cured  till  a  virgin,  chaste 
and  spotless,  offered  to  die  on  his  behalf. 
Elsie,  the  farmer's  daughter,  offered  her- 
self, and  after  great  resistance  the  prince 
accompanied  her  to  Salerno  to  complete 
the  sacrifice.  When  he  arrived  at  the 
city,  either  the  exercise,  the  excitement, 
or  the  charm  of  some  relic,  no  matter 
what,  had  effected  an  entire  cure,  and 
when  he  took  Elsie  into  the  cathedral, 
the  only  sacrifice  she  had  to  make  was 
that  of  her  maiden  name  for  lady  Alicia, 
wife  of  prince  Henry  of  Hoheneck. — 
Hartmann  von  der  Aue  (minnesinger), 
Poor  Henry  (twelfth  century). 

%*  This  tale  is  the  subject  of  Long- 
fellow's Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Henry  II.,  king  of  England,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  both  in  Tlie 
Betrothed  and  in  The  Talisman  (1825). 

Henry  V.,  Shakespeare's  drama, 
founded  on  The  Famous  Victories  of  Henry 
V. :  containing  the  Honourable  Battle  of 
Agincourt.  As  it  is  plaide  by  t/ie  Quecnes 
Majesties  players,  1598.  Shakespeare's 
play  appeared  in  print  in  1600  (quarto). 

Henry  VI.  Shakespeare's  dramas  of 
this  reign  arc  founded  on  The  First  Part 
of  the  Contention  betwixt  the  two  Famous 
houses  of  Turin  and  Lancaster,  with  the 
heath  of  the  Good  Duke  Humphrey,  etc. 
As  it  was  sundry  times  acted  by  the  liijht 
honourable  the  Earle  of  Pembroke  his  Ser- 
vants, 1600. 

Another.  The  True  TragedU  if  Richard 
Duke  of  Yorke,  and  the  Death  of  Good 
henrie  VI.,  etc.  As  it  was  sundry  timet 
acted  ...  (as  above). 

Henry  [Lee],  member  for  Virginia, 
on  whose  motion  (July  4,  1776)  the 
American  congress  published  their  decla- 
ration of  independence,  and  erected  the 
colonies  into  free  and  sovereign  states. 

H™ry,  the  forest-born  Demosthenes, 
Whose  thunder  shook    Uie   rhihn    of    the  »eu  [ffr«n< 
iiritain). 

Byron,  Age  of  droit*.  tUL  ( 


iimuoT. 


HERCULES. 


Un'orot,  the  magnificent  palace  built 
f  %  Hrothnr  king  of  Denmark,    II 

distributed  rin:;i  [(tmmm]  at  the  feast." 

Then  »»■  for  (hi-  loafl  <>f  th*  (..•*(<  .1  h.-n<-h  cleared   In 
-  i  .ill  ,    tlirrr   U>e    t»>ld   tlltlU    !;•■ 
W"nt   t..  nit.     Tti<i  thane  obwnred   hl«  ni>k.  •     ! 
Ills  hand  the  twlited  ale-cur  .  .     .  - 

drinein  lleomt ;   Uiere  wan  )ny  of  haluaa,  no  lltl 
of  I>ana  ami   ■*■!■  m      Klllllal'l  IraiuUUon,  Btoxcuif 
(Anglo-Salon  epic,  tilth  century). 

HeoaphoroB,  the  morning  star. 

O  mr  llirhtbearer  .  .  , 
Al.  al.  He.».-phoros. 
X.  &  browning.  A  Drama  ;f  RxiU  (1380) 

He'par,  the  Liver  personified,  the 
arch-city    in     The    PwvU    isAmd,    by 

i'hincas    Fletcher.      Fully    described    in 
canto  iii.  (1<>3;5). 

Hephees'toa,  the  Greek  name  for 
Vulcan.  The  Vulcanic  period  "f  geo- 
logy is  that  unknown  period  before  the 
creation  of  man,  when  the  molten  granite 
and  buried  metals  were  upheaved  by 
internal  heat,  througb  the  overlying 
strata,  sometimes  even  to  the  very  .sur- 
face of  the  earth. 

The  early  dawn  and  dujk  of  Time, 
The  nu'Ti  of  dnteleM  old  II. 'jilinstiu. 

Longfellow.  The  llolden  Uj-nd  (1851). 

Herbert   CsVr   William),   friend   of  sir 

Hugo  de  Lacy.— Sir  W.  Scott,   The  Be- 

t>         .1  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Her'culea  shot  Neasus  foi  otTerin^ 

Insult  to    his  wile    I  »i' i-a-ni-ra,   and   the 

dying  centaur  told  Diianira  that  if  she 
dipped  in  his  blood  her  husband's  t«lii rt, 
she  would  secure  his  love  for  ever.     Ber- 
enice, being  aboul  to  offer  Bacrifii 
Lichas  for  the  shirt;  but  -  was  it 

wanned   by  the  heal  of  his  body  than 
it  caused  such  excruciating  agony  that 

the   hero   went    mad,   and,  ■pining  Lichas, 

he  flung  him  into  the  sea. 
Her  ilie  subject  of  ■  Greek 

v   by    Eurip'id&s,  and  of  a  Latin 

A.  when  Alrtlr.  .   .   .  frit  the  rn,enoine.|  r..l*.  and  tore. 

■     ■ 
And  1  ip   .r  iKta    'i  "w.m    i    threw 

Into  the  1 

a,  /•■r.iJi*.  W,  II.  MS,  etc.  (lBSS). 

•.*   Diodorui    tayi   I  three 

Herculeses  ;  <  'i*  ei  (throe 

of  which  were  Greeks,  i  at  Egyptian,  one 

1,     and     one     Indian)  ;    Varr 
tticre  H  ree. 

a     Herculfis 

t«d  by 

and   Virtue,   snd 

a  hich  he  would  follow. 

ire  promised  him  all  camal  del 

but    Virtue   promised    him    immortality. 

Hercules  gave  bis  hand  to  the  latter,  and  | 


hence   led  a  life  1,   but   wag 

ultimately  ^t    the    im- 

"n. 
id  Id  has  b 

I     ha* 
substil  l  young  girL"  whsj 

inon  and    i 
wifery.     While  somewhat  in  doubt  which 
to    follow,    L 

and  immediatel}   '  -uch  a 

"  wan    and     ghastly    COUntl  -  thai 

she  turns  away   in  horror,  it- 
hand  to  the  more  ladies, 
—  Evenings  at  Home,  xix.  (17 

rven  him  by 
Adrastos.  It  had  the  gift  of  human 
speech,  and  its  feet  on  the  right  side  were 
those  of  a  man. 

Herculie'a   PStars,  Oslpfl  snd   Ab'yla, 
one  at  Gibraltar  and  the  other  al  I 
(:{  .•>■'//.).    They  were   torn 
Alcldfie  on  his  route  t..  I 

Herculift  J'crts  :  (\)  '■  lb  rculis  Corsani 
Port  us"    (now     called 
Etrnria) ;  (2)  "  Hercnlis  Liburni  Portos" 
(now  c  died    / 

"Hercnlis  Monceci  Portus"    (now  called 
Monaco,  near  Nice). 

•  us  (2  syl.), 
who  went  about,  like  Hercu 

ibers,  and  performing  mosl 

derful  exploits. 

/">  OreUm).    All  the 

Id. can    I  >act\  Is  « 

:  be  smelter"),  1  ramnamgnens  ("the 
hammer"),  and  Acmon  ("the anvil  ). 

Herculit  |  i  ris  (fl. 

n.r.  1600).     A  8  'in  or  I'hon, 

called    by    Pausaniaa,    Biaoeris    - 

Anion. 

.    I  \   ( 1  u  v    I 
Warwick  (890   B 

Warwick  .  .  .  thon  B) 

|SUh 

Hertmlit  \ 

work   of   Glykon. 

Lysip'] 

its  being  placed  It 

re  nt   one  til 
also  the  "  Toro  tii  I 

■  i    1'ir- 

'o"«rs 

lb  r- 

• 

toil,  leaning  on  his  club  ;  and  in  his  left 

,   on   his   back,  he  holds 

if  the  a|>|'b 

\  ;v     of     this     fa'. 

m  the  Tuillerus  -imb 


HERCULES. 


438 


HERMES. 


An  excellent  description  of  the  statue  is 
given  by  Thomson,  in  his  Liberty t  IT. 

Vercutea  (T/ie  Indian),  Dors&nes,  who 
married  Pandsea,  and  became  the  pro- 
genitor Of  tin:  Indian  kings,  lielus  is 
sometimes  willed  "The  Indian  Hercules." 

HtreulH  ( T/ie   Jewish),  Samson  (died 

B.C.   1113J. 

Hercules  (Tlte  liiisxLin),  Rustum. 

HeremlH  (T/ie  Sur<Its/i),  StarchateTu* 
(first  Christian  century;. 

Hercules  of  Music,  Christoph  von 

Gluck  (1714-1787). 

Hercules  Secundus.  CommSdus, 
the  Roman  emperor,  gave  himttlf  this 
title.  He  iraa  ■  gigantic  idiot,  who  lulled 
100  lions,  and  overthrew  l|M||i  gladiators 
in  the  amphitheatre  (161, 

Heren-8uge  ( The),  a  p> 
hydra  of    Basque  mythology,   like   Uie 

i  • 

Heretics  (Hammer  of),  Pierre  d'Ailly 
(IBM  1426). 

John  Fanes  is  also  called  "The  Hammer 
of  Heretics,"  from  the  title  of  one  of  bis 
works (*-l 

Heretict  (S-u-ntijic). 

Foargai  bishop  "f"  Baltxbnrg,  an  1  ri>h- 
man.  was  denounced  as  a  heretic  reassert- 
ing t!  of  antipodi 

Oalit  ronomer,  was  east  into 

prison  for  maintaining  the  "heretical 
opinion  "  that  the  earth  moved  round  the 
gun  (1664-  L642). 

iano  Brtmc  wan  burnt  alive  for 
maintaining  that  matter  is  the  mother  of 
all  things  (1660-1600). 

Her'eward  (3  «;/'•)»  one  of  the 
Varangian  guard  of  Alexius  Comnenna, 
emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W.  - 

rt  of  J'tris  (time,  Kufus). 

Hereward  the  "Wake  (or 
Am/),  lord  of  Horn,  in  Lincolnshire. 
He  plundered  and  burnt  the  abbey  of 
Peterborough  (1070):  established  bis 
••amp  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  where  he  was 
joined  by  earl  hforcar  (1071):  be  waa 
blockaded  forthree  months  by  William  I., 
but  made  Ins  escape  with  some  of  bis 
foil  >wert.  This  is  the  name  and  subject  of 
one  of  rLingsley*!  am 

Her'iot  .  goldsmith 

to  .lames  I.  ;  guardinn  of  lady  Henniond. 
— Sir  \V.  Scott,  fbrttme*  uf  Nigel  (lime, 
James  I.). 


Herman,   a    r"eaf    and    dumb    boy, 

Siler   of    the    dungeon    of    the    Giant's 
ount.    Mi  i,  he  tries  to  seize 

her,  when  a  flash  of  lightning  strikes  the 
<>n  which  he  stands,  and  Herman 
is   thrown   into  the  torrent. — E.  Stirling, 
. 

ffsrmSM  ( Sir),  of  Goodalricke,  one  of 

!are. — 

Sir  W.  .rd  I). 

Hermann,  the  hero  of  Goethe'* 
Herwtmm  mr  tails  us 

that  tin  this  p<>em  is  to  "show, 

as  in  a  mirror,  the  great  movements  and 

-.  .  - 

Hermaph'rodite  (4   syl.),  son  «f 
irv.       At    the    b, 
bathed    in   a   fountain    of 

B4  fountain  nymph,  fell 
in  lo.e  with  him,  and  pnyed  the  gods  to 
make   the    two    one   body.      Her   ; 
being  heard,  the  two  became  united  into 
one,  but  st;  .  the  double  sex. 

it  hr.ght  •|>rtii(  where  Uir  H*rma(ihru>lila 
Grew  luf  >  one  with  wanton  S«lniMU  .  .  . 
.  .  .  our  dare  c<  n,\*ur  with  thu. 

Ml  Kletcher.  Tk»  rur^t  ItlanJ.  r.  (l«n). 

Hermegild  or  Hermyngyld,  wife 
of     the    lord-constable    of    Northumber- 
land.    She  was  converted   b] 
but  wai  •  by  a  knight  whose  suit 

order  to  hrin;,'  her  into  trouble.  The 
villainy  beii  •   knight  ITM 

<  married  thi 
name    was    Alia.      Hermegild.    at 
Uie  bidding 
to  a  blind  Briton. 

(The    word    is    speU    "Castana 

staunce  "  17  times,  in  the  ta. 

Hermegild,    a    friend    of    Oswald,     in 
I  ild's  lister).     He 
was   a    man    in    the    middle   age  of  life, 
of     counsel     sage,    and    great     pro 

When   Hubert  (the  brother  of  Oswald) 

ami  Garths  wished  to  stir  up  a  civil  war 
to  avenge  the  death  of  Oswald,  who 
had  been  slain  in  single  combat  with 
prince  Gondibert,  Hermegild  wisely  de- 
terred them  from  the  ra-.h  atteu.pt,  and 
diverted  the  anger  of  the  camp  by  funeral 
obsequies  of  a  most  in  meter. 

The   tale  of   Gondibert   being   unlinished, 
inel  is  not   known.— Sir  W.  Dave- 
nant,  6 

Her'mes  (2  syl.),  son  of  Maia  ;  patron 
of  commerce.     Akenside  makej   Hermes 


HERMES. 


439 


HEKMIONE. 


Bay  to    the    Thames,    icferring    to    the 
merchant  ships  of  England  : 

By  you  [ships]  my  function  and  my  honoured  name 

Do  I  possess;    while  o'er  the  Bretic  vale, 

Or  thro'  the  towers  of  Memphis,  nr  the  palms 

By  sacred  Ganges  watered,  1  conduct 

The  English  merchant. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  the  Naiads  (1767). 

(The  Baetis  is  the  Guadalquiver,  and 
the  Baetic  vale  Granada  and  Andalucia.) 

Her' mis  (2  syl.),  the  same  as  Mercury, 
and  applied  both  to  the  god  and  to  the 
metal.  Milton  calls  quicksilver  "  volatil 
Hermes.' 

60  when  we  see  the  liquid  metal  fall, 

Which  chemists  by  the  name  of  Hermfis  call. 

Hoole's  A  riosto,  viU. 

Hermes  (St.),  same  as  St.  Elmo,  Suerpo 
Santo,  Castor  and  Pollux,  etc.  A  coma- 
zant  or  electric  light,  seen  occasionally  on 
ships'  masts. 

"  They  shall  see  the  fire  which  saylors  call  St.  Hermes, 
fly  uppon  their  shippe.  and  alight  upon  the  toppe  of  the 
mast." — De  Loier,  Treatise  of  Spectres,  67  (1605). 

Hermes  Trismegis'tus  ("  Hermes 
thrice-greatest"),  the  Egyptian  Thoth,  to 
whom  is  ascribed  a  host  of  inventions : 
as  the  art  of  writing  in  hieroglyhics,  the 
first  Egyptian  code  of  laws,  the  art  of 
harmony,  the  science  of  astrology,  the 
invention  of  the  lute  and  lyre,  magic, 
etc.  (twentieth  century  B.C.). 

The  school  of  Hermes  Trismegistus, 
Who  uttered  his  oracles  sublime 
Before  the  Olympiads. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Her'mesind  (3  syl.),  daughter  of 
Pelayo  and  Gaudio'sa.  She  was  plighted 
to  Alphonso,  son  of  lord  Pedro  of  Can- 
tabria.  Both  Alphonso  and  Hermesind 
at  death  were  buried  in  the  cave  of  St. 
Antony,  in  Covadonga. 

Beauty  and  grace  and  innocence  in  her 

In  heavenly  union  shone.     One  who  had  held 

The  faith  of  elder  Greece  would  sure  have  thought 

6he  was  some  glorious  njmph  of  seed  divine, 

Oread  or  Dryad  .  .  .  yea.  she  seemed 

Angel  or  soul  beatified,  from  realms 

Of  bliss  ...  to  earth  re-sent. 

Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xvl.  (1S14). 

Her'mia,  daughter  of  Ege'us  (3  syl.) 
of  Athens,  and  promised  by  him  in 
marriage  to  Demetrius.  As  Hermia  Loved 
Lysander,  and  refused  to  marry  De- 
metrius, her  father  summoned  her  before 
the  dnke,  and  requested  that  the  "  law  of 
the  land"  might  be  carried  out,  which 
was  death  or  perpetual  virginity.  The 
duke  gave  Ilennia  four  days  to  consider 
the  subject,  at  the  expiration  of  which 
time  she  was  either  to  obey  her  father  or 
lose  her  life.  She  now  fled  from  Alliens 
with  Lysander.  Demetrius  went  in  pur- 
suit of  her,  and  Helena,  who  doted  on 
Demetrius,  followed.     All  four  came  to  a 


wood,  and  falling  asleep  from  weariness, 
had  a  dream  about  the  fairies.  When  De- 
metrius woke  up,  he  came  to  his  senses, 
and  seeing  that  Ilennia  loved  another, 
consented  to  marry  Helena;  and  Egcufl 
gladly  gave  the  hand  of  his  daughter 
to  Lysander. — Shakespeare,  Midsui'nnujr 
Night's  Dream  (1592). 

Herm'ion,  the  young  wife  of  Damon 
"the  Pytbagore'an  "  and  senator  of  Syra- 
cuse.— J,  Banim,  Damon  and  Pythias 
(1825). 

Hermi'one  (4  syl.)t  only  daughter  of 

Menela'os  and  Helen.  She  became  the 
wife  of  Pyrrhos  or  Neoptol&nos,  son  of 
Achilles;  but  Orestes  assassinated  Pyrrht  s 
and  married  Hermione,  who  had  been 
already  betrothed  to  him. 

Hermi'one  (4  syl.)  or  Ilarmo'nia,  wife 
of  Cadmus.      Leaving  Thebes,   Cadmus 

and  his  wife  went  to  Iliyr'ia,  and  were 
both  changed  into  serpents  for  having 
killed  a  serpent  sacred  to  Mars. — Ovid, 
Metamorphoses,  iv.  590,  etc. 

Never  since  of  serpent-kind 
Lovelier,  not  those  that  in  Illyria  [were]  changed— 
Hermionfi  and  Cadmus. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  it  505.  etc.  (1665>. 

Hermi'one  (-1  syl.),  wife  of  LeontOs 
king  of  Sicily.  The  king,  being  jealous, 
sent  her  to  prison,  where  she  gave  birth 
to  a  daughter,  who,  at  the  king's  command, 
was  to  lie  placed  on  a  desert  shore  and 
left  to  perish.  The  child  was  driven  by 
a  storm  to  the  "coast"  of  Bohemia,  and 
brought  up  by  a  shepherd  who  called  her 
Per'dlta.  Florizel,  the  son  of  Polixenfis 
king  of  Bohemia,  fell  in  love  with  her, 
and  they  fled  to  Sicily  to  escape  the 
vengeance  of  the  angry  king.  Being 
introduced  to  LeontOs,  it  was  soon  dis- 
covered that  Perdita  was  his  lost  daugh- 
ter, and  Polixenes  gladly  consented  to 
the  union  he  had  before  objected  to. 
Pauli'na  (a  lady  about  the  court)  now 
asked  the  royal  party  to  her  house  to 
inspect  a  statue  of  Hermione,  which 
turned  out  to  lie  the  living  queen  herself. 
—Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (li  94). 

Hermfone  (1   syl.),  only  daughter  of 

Helen    and    Meneia'us    (-1    ml.)    king    of 

Sparta.  She  was  betrothed  to  OrestSa, 
but  after  the  all  of  Troy  was  promised 
by   her   father   in   marriage   to   Pyrrhus 

king  of  EpirUB.  Orestes  madly  loved  her, 
but  Hermione  as  madly  loved  l'yrrhus. 
When  l'yrrhus  fixed  his  affections  on 
Androin'aelni  (widow  of  Hector,  and 
his  captive),  uie  pride  and  jealousy  of 
Hermione  were  roused.     At  this  crisis, 


HEEMIONE. 


440 


HERO. 


an  embassy  led  by  Orestes  arrived  at  the 
court  of  Pyrrhus,  to  demand  the  death 
of  Asty'anax,  the  son  of  Andromache  and 
Hector,  lest  when  he  grew  to  manhood 
he  might  seek  to  avenge  his  father's 
death.  Pyrrhus  declined  to  give  up  the 
boy,  and  married  Andromache.  The 
passion  of  Herniione  was  now  goaded  to 
n.adness  ;  and  when  she  heard  that  the 
Greek  ambassadors  had  fallen  on  Pyrrhus 
and  murdered  him,  she  stabbed  herself 
and  died. — Ambrose  Philips,  The  Dis- 
tressed Mother  (1712). 

This  was  a  famous  part  with  Mrs. 
Porter  (*-17G2),  and  with  Miss  Young 
better  known  as  Mrs.  Pope  (1740-1797). 

Ilermi'one  (4  St//.),  daughter  of  Dan- 
nischemend  the  Persian  sorcerer,  men- 
tioned in  Donnerhugel's  narrative. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Ilermi'one  (The  lady)  or  lady  Er- 
min'ia  Pauletti,  privately  married  to  lord 
Dalgamo. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hermit,  the  pseudonym  of  the  poet 
Hayley,  the  friend  of  Cowper. 

Hermit  (The  Emjlish),  Roger  Crab, 
who  subsisted  on  three  farthings  a  week, 
his  food  being  bran,  herbs,  roots,  dock 
leaves,  and  mallows  (*-lC80). 

Hermit  (Peter  the),  the  instigator  of  the 
first  crusade  (1050-1115). 

Hermit  and  the  Youth  (The). 
A  hermit,  desirous  to  study  the  ways  of 
Providence,  met  with  a  youth,  who  became 
his  companion.  The  first  night,  they 
wore  most  hospitably  entertained  by  a 
nobleman,  but  at  parting  the  young  man 
stole  his  entertainer's  golden  goblet. 
Next  day,  they  obtained  with  difficulty  of 
a  miser  shelter  from  a  severe  storm,  and 
at  parting  the  youth  gave  him  the  golden 
goblet.  Next  night,  they  were  modestly 
but  freely  welcomed  by  one  of  the  middle 
class,  and  at  parting  the  youth  "crept 
to  the  cradle  where  an  infant  slept,  and 
wrung  its  neck  ; "  it  was  the  only  child 
of  their  kind  host.  Leaving  the  hospit- 
able roof,  they  lost  their  way,  and  were  set 
r  ght  by  a  guide,  whom  the  youth  pushed 
into  a  river,  and  he  was  drowned.  The 
hermit  began  to  curse  the  youth,  when 
lo  !  he  turned  into  an  angel,  who  thus 
explained  his  acts: 

"  I  stole  the  goblet  from  the  rich  lord  to  teach  him  not  to 
trust  in  uncertain  Hern's.  I  gave  the  goblet  to  the  miser 
to  teach  nim  chut  kindness  always  meets  its  reward.     I 

itranglcd  the  infant  because  the  man  loved  it  better  tluui 


he  loved  God.  I  pushed  the  guide  into  the  river  because 
he  intended  at  night-fall  to  cummit  a  robber)'"  The 
hern.it  bent  his  head  and  cried,  "The  ways  of  the  Lord 
are  past  Uniting  out !  but  He  doeth  all  things  well.  Teach 
me  to  say  with  faith,  '  Thy  will  be  done  I ' " — Parnell 
1167S-1717). 

In  the  Talmud  is  a  similar  and  better 
allegory.  Rabbi  Jachanan  accompanied 
Elijah  on  a  journey,  and  they  came  to  the 
house  of  a  poor  man,  whose  only  treasure 
was  a  cow.  The  man  and  his  wife  ran 
to  meet  and  welcome  the  strangers,  but 
next  morning  the  poor  man's  cow  died. 
Next  night,  they  were  coldly  received  by 
a  proud,  rich  man,  who  fed  them  only 
with  bread  and  water  ;  and  next  morning 
Elijah  sent  for  a  mason  to  repair  a  wall 
which  was  falling  down,  in  return  for  the 
hospitality  received.  Next  night,  they 
entered  a  synagogue,  and  asked,  "  Who 
will  give  a  night's  lodging  to  two  tra- 
vellers V  "  but  none  offered  to  do  so.  At 
parting  Elijah  said,  "  I  hope  you  will  all 
be  made  presidents."  The  following  night 
they  were  lodged  by  the  members  of 
another  synagogue  in  the  best  hotel  of 
the  place,  and  at  parting  Elijah  said, 
"May  the  Lord  appoint  over  you  but 
one  president."  The  rabbi,  unable  to 
keep  silence  any  longer,  begged  Elijah  to 
explain  the  meaning  of  his  dealings  with 
men  ;  and  Elijah  replied  : 

"  In  regard  to  the  poor  mail  who  received  us  so  hoe. 
pltably,  it  was  decreed  that  his  wife  was  to  die  that  night, 
bat  in  reward  of  bis  kindness,  God  took  the  cow  instead 
of  the  wife.  1  repaired  the  wall  of  the  rich  miser  because 
a  chest  of  gold  trai  con  peeled  new  the  place,  and  if  the 
miser  had  repaired  the  wall  he  would  have  discovered  the 
treasure.  I%aid  to  the  Inhospitable  synagogue  'M.iy 
each  niemlver  l>e  president,"  because  no  one  can  s*rve  twt» 
masters.  I  said  to  the  hospitahle  synagogue,  '  M.iy  juu 
have  but  one  president,'  because  with  one  head  there  can 
bo  no  divisions  of  counsel.  Say  not,  therefore,  to  the 
Lord.  '  What  doest  Thout'  but  say  in  thy  heart,  "Must 
not  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth  do  right?"— Th*  Talmud 
("  Trust  in  God  "). 

Hermite  (Tristan  P)  or  "Tristan  of 
the  Hospital,"  provost-marshal  of  France. 
He  was  the  main  instrument  in  carrying 
out  the  nefarious  schemes  of  Louis  XL, 
who  used  to  call  him  his  "  gossip." 
Tristan  was  a  stout,  middle-sized  man, 
with  a  hang-dog  visage  and  most  re- 
pidsive  smile. — Sir  \v.  Scott,  Quentin 
buncard  and  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  1Y.). 

Hero,  daughter  of  Leonato  governor 
of  Messi'na.  She  was  of  a  quiet,  serious 
disposition,  and  formed  a  good  contrast  to 
the  gay,  witty  rattle-pate,  called  Bea- 
trice, her  cousin.  Hero  was  about  to  be 
married  to  lord  Claudio,  when  don  John 
played  on  her  a  most  infamous  practical 
joke  out  of  malice.  He  bribed  Hero's 
waiting-woman  to  dress  in  Hero's  clothes, 
and  to  talk  with  him  by  mtonlight  from 


HERO. 


441 


HESPEETA. 


the  chamber  balcony  ;  he  then  induced 
CLaudio  to  hide  himself  in  the  garden,  to 
a  wli.it  was  said.  Claudio,  think- 
ing the  person  to  be  Hero,  was  furious, 
and  next  .lay  nt  the  altar  rejected  the 
bride  with  scorn.  The  priest,  convinced 
•>f  Hero's  Innocence,  gave  oat  that  she 
was  dead,  the  servant  confessed  the  trick, 
don  John  took  to  flight,  and  Hero  married 
Claudio  her  betrothed.  •  —  Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

Hero  [Sr i  ion],  niece  of  sir  William 
Sutton,  .iiul  beloved  by  >ir  Valentine  de 
Grey.  Hero  "whs  fair  as  no  eye  ever 
hirer  saw,  of  noble  stature,  head  of 
antique  mould,  magnificent  as  far  as  may 
consist  with  softness,  features  full  of 
thought  and  moods,  wishes  and  fancies, 
and  limbs  the  paragon  of  symmetry." 
Having  offended  her  lover  by  waltzing 
with  lord  Athunree,  she  assumed  the  garb 
of  a  Quakeress,  called  herself  ••Ruth,"  and 
got  introduced  to  sir  Valentine,  who 
proposed  marriage  to  her,  and  thi 

i  that  Hero  was  Ruth  and  Ruth 
was  Hero. — S.  knowles,  Woman'i  Wu\ 
*L:  (1*38). 

Hero  and  Loander  (8  tyl.). 
Hero,  a  priestess  of  Venus,  fell  in  love 
with  Leander,  who  swam  across  the 
Hellespont  every  night  to  visit  her.  <  Ine 
night  he  was  drowned  in  bo  doing,  and 
Hero  in  grief  threw  herself  into  the  same 
under  ■nnl  Hero. 

Hero  of  Fable  ( The),  the  due  de 
Guise.  Called  l>\-  the  French  VHero  ./<• 
id  FabU  (1614  1664). 

Hero  of  History  (The),  the  due 
d'Enghien  I  Darn.  r/foAnl.     tailed  by  the 
French   L'Hero  *t.    Fhistoire.     Thi 
Le  grand  Condi  (1681    U 

Hero  of  Modern  Italy,  (iari- 
hahli  (1807-         ). 

Herod'otos  of  Old  London,  J. 

Stow  (  i 

Her'on  (Sir  George),  of  Chip-chace, 

mi  officer  with  mt  Ji  ::i  I    iter.     Bir  W. 
■/  nattery  (time,  I 

Heros'tratos  or   EBoerRAToa.  the 

I  ■  t    tire  to   the   U  niplc   of 

□  won- 

■  :y  to  i iii in    I 

his  name.    The  Bphesiani  made  it  pi  ual 

•1  en  to  mention  hi-  name. 

H»Tf»tniUn  e>.ilt  pr  *  Smii. 

Uir.l  Bruuka,  ,  •. , 


HerTies  (Lord),  a  friend   of 

tland,  and  attending  on  hti 
at    Dundrennan.  —  Sir    \V. 

AUxjt  (time,  Elizal 

Herri  nu; 

Aru  i. cCi.tr  lUh,  i.   ■■ 

Herring    Pond    ( The),    the 

-    I'uliJi" 1- unit  ■/  IK*    /  r,*. 

eeu.  I. 

Herschel  [Sir  /'.    Wm.)   dia<  i 

the    eighth    planet,    at    hr~t    called   the 
i -.  in  honour  of  George  111. 
and   now  called    Saturn,     In   allusion  U» 
Unpbell  says  he 

Gave  Uie  l>r-  hrtag, 

ll"»l 

Herta,  now  called  St.   Kilda,  one  of 
the  Heb'ndds. 

Hertford  ( Th  in  the 

curt    ..:     i  har\ea    II.— Sit    w. 

Woodsi  ilth). 

Her     Trippa,     meant    for    Henry 
is   Agrippa  of    \  ,    phi". 

loeopher  and  physician.  "Her"  \-  h 
contraction  of  Hericus,  and  uTri|  i 

play  on  the  wordi  and  tripe. — 

Rabelais,  I  ;.'.;. 

Herwig,   king  of   Heligoland,    1>*- 
trothed    to    Gudrun,   daught 

llettel    (Attil'l).      B  irried  off    Ly 

Haitmuth    king    of    Norway,    and 

refused   to   marry   him,   was  put   to  the 

most  menial  work.      II.  rw  1.; 

army  into  Norway,  utterly  defeated  tlarv- 
muth,  liberated  Gudrun, and  married  her. 
—  Qudrun,  ■  Qerman  Epic  of  the  thir- 
teenth century. 

I  i  I       .'  iiinander-r  I 

of       tl.. 

The  h<   . 

Of    the   tribe,    hut    in    '  .r    mid 

■ 
■ 
called  a  "  h.  I  r  to  I 

and    tin 

"  pendragon  "  or  head  chief. 

■  (     the 
Gig  and 
Harrj   W  .  ■         it. 

rs   (tunc,    i 

I I  Italy  wan  «o  chV 

the  Gi  t  was  to  them  ibt, 


HESPERIDES. 


442 


HICKORY. 


"Western  Land."  The  Romans,  for  a 
limilar  reason,  transferred  the  name  to 
Spain. 

Hesper'ides  (4  syl.).  The  Hcspcr'ian 
Field.  Ihe  Hesperidcs  were  the  women 
who  guarded  the  golden  apples  which 
Earth  gave  to  Here  at  her  marriage  with 
Zeus  (Jove).  They  were  assisted  by  the 
dragon  Ladon.  The  Hesperian  Fields  are 
the  orchards  in  which  the  golden  apples 
grew.  The  island  is  one  of  the  Cape 
Verd  Isles,  in  the  Atlantic. 

Wilt  thou  By 
With  Laughing  Autumn  to  the  Atlantic  isles. 
And  range  with  him  th'  Hesperian  fields,  and  see 
Where'er  his  fingers  touch  the  fruitful  grove. 
The  branches  shoot  with  golUf 

Akeuside,  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  i.  { 174-4). 

Hesperus,  the  knight  called  by 
Tennyson  "  Evening  Star  ;  "  but  called 
in  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  "the 
Green  Knight"  or  sir  Pertolope  (3  syl.). 
One  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  of  Castle  Perilous. — Tennyson, 
idylls  ("Gareth  and  Lynette  ")  ;  sir  T. 
Malorv,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  127 
(1470). 

%*  It  is  a  manifest  blunder  to  call  the 
Green  Knight  "  Hesperus  the  Evening 
Star,"  and  the  Blue  Knight  the  "  Morn- 
ing Star."  The  old  romance  makes  the 
combat  with  the  "Green  Knight"  at  dawn, 
and  with  the  "  Blue  Knight"  at  sunset. 
The  error  has  arisen  from  not  bearing  in 
mind  that  our  forefathers  began  the  day 
with  the  preceding  eve,  and  ended  it  at 
sunset. 

Hettly  (-May),  an  old  servant  of 
Davie  Deans. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (.time,  George  II.). 

Heukbane  {Mrs.),  the  butcher's 
wife  at  Fairport,  and  a  friend  of  Mrs. 
Mailselter. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Hew,  son  of  lady  Helen  of  "  Merry- 
laud  town"  (Milan),  enticed  by  an  apple 
presented  to  him  by  a  Jewish  maiden, 
who  then  "  stabbed  him  with  a  penknife, 
relied  the  body  in  lead,  and  cast  it  into  a 
well."  Lady  Helen  went  in  search  of 
her  child,  and  its  ghost  cried  out  from 
the  bottom  of  the  well : 

The  lead  Is  wondrous  heaw.  mither  ; 

The  well  is  wondrous  deep  : 
A  keen  penknife  sticks  in  uiy  heart ; 

A  word  I  iluuuae  speik. 

Percy,  Jteliques,  L  3. 

Hewit  (Godfrey  Bertram),  natural 
eon  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.), 

Hiawa'tha,  the  prophet  teacher,  son 


of  Mudjekee'wis  (the  west  wind)  and 
Weno'nah  daughter  of  Noko'mis.  He 
represtnts  the  progress  of  civilization 
among  the  North  American  Indians. 
Hiawatha  first  wrestled  with  Monda'mia 
(maize),  and,  having  subdued  it,  gave  it 
to  man  for  food.  He  then  taught  man 
navigation ;  then  he  subdued  Mishe 
Nah'ma  (the  sturgeon),  and  taught  the 
Indians  how  to  make  oil  therefrom  for 
winter.  His  next  exploit  was  against 
the  magician  Megissog'non,  the  author 
of  disease  and  death  ;  having  slain  this 
monster,  he  taught  man  the  science  of 
medicine.  He  then  married  Minneha'ha 
(laughing  water),  and  taught  man  to  be 
the  husband  of  one  wife,  and  the  comforts 
of  domestic  peace.  Lastly,  he  taught 
man  picture-writing.  When  the  white 
men  came  with  the  gospel,  Hiawatha 
ascended  to  the  kingdom  of  Pone'mah, 
the  land  of  the  hereafter. — Longfellow, 
Hiawatha. 

HiawatluCs  Moc'casons.  When  Hiawa- 
tha put  on  his  moccasons,  he  could 
measure  a  mile  at  a  single  stride. 

He  had  moccasons  enchanted. 
Magic  moccasons  of  deer-skin  ; 
When  he  hound  them  round  his  ankles 
At  each  stride  a  miio  he  measured  ! 

Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  It. 

Hiawatha's  Great  Friends,  Chibia'bos 
(the  sweetest  of  all  musicians)  and 
Kwa'sind  (the  strongest  of  all  mortals). 
— Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  vi. 

Hibev'nia,  Ireland.  Feme  is  simply 
a  contraction  of  the  same  word.  Pliny 
says  that  "Irish  mothers  feed  their  in- 
fants with  swords  instead  of  spoons."        i 

Hie  Jacet,  an  epitaph,  a  funeral. 
The  first  words  on  old  tombstones  = 
Here  lies  .  .  .  etc. 

The  merit  of  service  is  seldom  attributed  to  the  true 
.  .  .  performer.  I  would  have  that  drum  ...  or  hie 
Jacet  [that  is,  die  in  my  attempt  to  get  it). — Sliake- 
•peare.  All's  Hell  tlutt  JinUs  Well  (15y8). 

Hiek'athrift  (Tom  or  Jack),  a  poor 
labourer  in  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  o* 
such  enormous  strength  that  he  killed, 
with  an  axletree  and  cartwheel,  a  huge 
giant,  who  lived  in  a  marsh  at  Tylney, 
in  Norfolk.  He  was  knighted,  and  made 
governor  of  Thanet.  Hickathrif  t  is  some- 
times called  Hickafric. 

When  a  man  sits  down  to  write  a  history,  though  it  be 
but  the  history  of  Jack  Kickatbrift,  ...  he  knows  no 
more  than  his  heels  what  lets  ...  he  is  to  meet  with  in 
his  way. — Sterne. 

Hick'ory  (Old),  general  Andrew 
Jackson.  He  was  first  called  "Toiif;h," 
then   "Tough  as  Hickory," and,  lastly, 

"Old   Hickory."     Another  story  is   thai 


Ill 


llli. 111. AND  MART. 


in  1818,  »  hen  I  in  war  « ith  the 

Indians,  befell  short  of  supplies, 
nnj  fed  his  men  on  hickory  nuts  (,1707 

%*    This   general     Andrew    J 
must  nut  be  confounded   with    , 
'I'll,  linns    Jackson,     better     known     a.s 
"  Stone-wall n  Jackson  (1826 

Hi'erocles  (4  ay/.),  the  first  ; 
who  compiled  jokee  and  ton  mote.    After 
a  life-long  labour,  lie  u'"t  together  I  i 
one,  which  he  left  to  the  world  us  his 
Hence    arose    the    phra  i 

,    no   legacy   at  nil,  a 
of  empty  promisee,  or  ■  1< 
no  worths 

<  inc  di'  his  anecdotes  is  that  "f  a  man 
who  wanted  i"  sail  ins  boose,  and  carried 

•  limit   a    brick    to    show    ad   a    Specimen 

(.f  it. 

!!••   tint    rrln   to   HI"      IT*^   Sli  ikixpcnre    bjr  mlrcl 
qmiUliiiiii,    wlil   wccccl  liWc   Uit   pedant  In   11 
wii.i.  wiim  haoflfcnd  tit<  liomo  fur  mi. 

III   lib   l-.'U-t  in  a  >|«cluu>n.—  I 


Hioron'imo,  the  chief  character  "f 
Thomas  ELyd's  drama  in  two  parts,  pt,  i. 
called  Hi.  ronimo.  and  pt,  i  , 
or    I/ieronimo   i 
A /'Mi.     In  the  latter  play,  Horatio,  only 
son  of   Hieronimo,  sitting  with    Belim- 
pe'ria  in  an  alcove,  is  murdered  by  bis 
rival   Ralthasar  ana  the   lady's  brother 
Lorenao.     The  murderers  bang  th< 
body  on  a  tree  In  the  garden,  and  Hie- 
ronimo,  aroused  by  the  screams  of  Efc  - 
limperia,  rushing  into  the  garden, 
the  dead  1"><I\  of  his  son,  and  goes  raving 
mail  (1 

Hidden  (Mrs.  Betty),  an  old  woman 
nearly  four  score,  very  |»'"r,  but  hating 
the   union-house   more  than  she 
death.     Beta    Higden   k.  p(    s   d 
and  "  mindi  bildren  "  at  four- 

i  week.     A    |    ..r  workhou 

py  helped  her  t"  turn   the 
Mrs.    Boffin   wished    t"    adopt 
Johnny,    Betty's   infant   grandchild,  but 
In-  died  in  the  Children's  Hospital. 

'■' 

I    .tint   of   an  II. .1  •  mmI  * 

III,   ».  an  .   am    -. 

■  -  \ 

ISM). 

•I    i  if    Sue',]. "    | 

.    I.    . 
II..  .  S  |     :  •  ■  ■ 

turnout  aii'. 


fac- 
i    Lilliput 

.  «t  Eriendh 

tmiMii  nf  the  empire,  but  l  r 

emploj 

.   ■ 
Swift,    Qultiver't     J'r  i 
1726). 

High  Litb  Below  8tuirs, 
by  the  Her.  Jami  •  .     ■  '■: 

.  thy  commoner, 
rants    nf    "wasting    b 
riotous  livi:: 
bis  country  seal    in  D 

smiles   the   ch.'ir.i   | 

kin    from    Essex,    and    pis 
under  the  cfa  ir  •■■  of   his    twn  I    I 

I.  mi 

si  rv.int.         As      the      D  away, 

Philip  (the  butler;    inv  party 

• 

I 
their   i 

other  as  "My  lord  duke,"  ••  nr  Harry, " 
••  My  lady  Charlotte,"  ■■  M 
etc.,  and  mimic  tho  s 
ployera.     In  the  midst  of  I  te 
I.iivei    appears    in    his    tru< 
breaks  n | .  the   party,  an.l  dil  -i 

household,  retaining  only  on 
named   Tom,  to  whom 
charge  of  I 

11.     .      •  ■       .    suburb    of    I. 
Drayl 

• .-  uisc  Bi 

pointed  it  f..r  s 

others  tell  as  thai  it  «  i  I  from 

London. 

1 1 1 : 1 !  1 . 1     Mi'.. 

■ 

I 
• 

although    sons    Un'ik 
Heaven  re- 

mt     in 

told,  was  the  juict's  USl 


HIGHWAYMEN. 


444 


HIITOI.YTA. 


Highwaymen  {Noted). 
Clauds  Duval  (*-1670).    Introduced 
in  White  Friars,  by  Miss  RobinBon. 
James  Whitney  (1660-1694),  aged  34. 

Jonathan  Wild  of  Wolverhampton 
(1682-1725),  aged  43.  Hero  and  title  of 
a  novel  by  Fielding  (1744). 

Jack  Shbppabd  of  Spitalfields  (1701— 
1724),  aged  24.  Hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  bv  Defoe  (1724)  ;  and  one  by  II. 
Ainsworth  (1839). 

Dick  TuBPIN,  executed  at  York 
(1711  1739).  Hero  of  a  novel  by  II. 
Ainsworth. 

Galloping  Dick,  executed  at  Ayles- 
bury in  1800. 

Captain  Grant,  the  Irish  highway- 
man, executed  at  Maryborough,  in  1816. 

Samukl  Greenwood,  executed  at  Old 
Bailey,  1822. 

William  Rea,  executed  at  Old  Bailey, 
1828. 

Hi'gre  (2  syl.),  a  roaring  of  the 
waters  when  the  tide  comes  up  the 
11  umber. 

For  when  my  Hlgre  comes  I  make  my  either  shore 
fen  tremble  with  the  sound  that  I  iJkrdo  semi. 

Drayton,  Poli/vlbion,  xxviiL  (1622). 

HilarillS  (Brother),  refectioner  at 
St.  Mary's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monas- 
tery (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hildebrand,  pope  Gregory  VII. 
(1013.    1073-1085).     He    demanded    for 

the  Church  the  right  of  "  investiture  "  or 
presentation  to  all  ecclesiastical  benefices, 
the  superiority  of  the  ecclesiastical  to  the 
temporal  authority,  enforced  the  celibacy 
of  all  clergymen,  resisted  simony,  and 
greatly  advanced  the  domination  of  the 
popes. 

Wc  need  another  Hildebrand  to  shake 
And  purify  us. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1S51). 

HU'debrand  (Meister),  the  Nestor  of 
German  romance,  a  magician  and  cham- 
pion. 

*„,*  Maugis,  among  the  paladins  of 
Charlemagne,  sustained  a  similar  twofold 
character. 

Hil'debrod  (Jacob  duke),  president 
of  the  Alsatian  Club. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Hil'desheim.  The  monk  of  Hilde- 
■hei  m,  doubting  how  a  thousand  years  with 
God  could  be  "only  one  day,"  listened 
to  the  melody  of  a  bird  in  a  green  wood, 
as  he  supposed,  for  only  three  minutes, 
bat  found  that  he  had  in  reality  been 
listening  to  it  for  a  hundred  years. 


Hill  (Dr.  John),  whose  pseudonym 
was  "  Mrs.  Glasee."  Garrick  6aid  of  him : 

For  plnsfa  and  farces, 
His  eqnal  therv  scarce  Is, 
For  his  farces  ara  iiliyaic,  «.ud  his  physic  a  farce  it. 

Hil'lary  (Tom),  apprentice  of  Mr. 
Lawford  the  town  clerk.  Afterwards 
captain  Hillary. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Surgeon's  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Uinch'up  (Dame),  a  peasant,  at  the 
execution  of  Meg  Murdochson. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Hin'da,  daughter  of  Al  Hassan  the 
Arabian  emir  of  Persia.  Her  lover  Hafed, 
a  gheher  or  lire-worshipper,  was  the 
sworn  enemy  of  the  emir.  Al  Hassan 
sent  Hinda  away,  but  she  was  taken 
captive  by  Hafed's  party.  Hafed,  being 
betrayed  to  Al  Hassan,  burnt ■  himself  to 
death  in  the  sacred  lire,  and  Hinda  cast 
herself  headlong  into  the  sea. — T.  Moore, 
Laila  Booth  ("The  Fire-Worshippers," 
1817). 

Hinges  (Harmonious).  The  doors  of 
the  harem  of  Fakreddin  turned  on  har- 
monious hinges. — W.  Beckford,  Vathek 
(1784). 

Hinzelmann,  the  most  famous 
house-spirit  or  kobold  of  German  legend. 
He  lived  four  years  in  the  old  castle  of 
Hudemtthlen,  and  then  disappeared  for 
ever  (1588). 

Hipcut  Hill,  famous  for  cowslips. 
The  rendezvous  of  I'igwiggen  and  qnees 
Mali  was  a  cowslip  on  Hipcut  Hill.— M. 
Drayton,  Nymphidia  (15G3-1631). 

Hip'pocrene  (3  syl.),  the  fountaiu 
of  the  Muses.  Longfellow  calls  poetic 
inspiration  "  a  maddening  draught  of 
Hippocrene." — Goblet  of  Life. 

Hippol'ito.  So  Browning  spells  the 
name  of  the  son  of  Theseus  (2  syl.)  and 
An'tiopo.  llippolito  tied  all  intercourse 
with  woman.  Phaedra,  his  mother-in-law, 
tried  to  seduce  him,  and  when  he  resisted 
her  solicitations,  accused  him  to  her 
husband  of  attempting  to  dishonour  her. 
After  death  he  was  restored  to  life  under 
the  name  of  Virbius  (vir-bis,  "  twice  a 
man").     (See  Hippoi.ytos.) 

Hyppolito,  a  youth  who  never  knew  a  woman. 

Browning. 

Hippol'yta,  queen  of  the  Am'azons, 
and  daughter  of  Mars.  She  was  famous 
for  a  girdle  given  her  by  the  war-god, 
which  Hercules  had  to  obtain  possession 
of,  as  one  of  his  twelve  labours. 


L'INV'LYTA. 


•I  15 


Hob. 


*„*  Shakespeare  has  introduced  H i j>- 
polyta  in  his  Midsummer  titighfft  Dream, 
ana  betroths  her  to  Theseoa  (2  syl.) 
duke  of  Athena  ;  bat  according  to  '-lassie 
fable,  it  was  her  Hister  An'tio|«i  (4  syl.) 
who  maixied  Theseus. 

Btppofyta,  a  rich  lady  wantonly  in  love 
with  Amoldo.  By  t ho  cross  purposes  of 
the  plot,  Leopold  a  sea-captain  is  on- 
aiuoured  of  nippolyta,  Amoldo  is  con- 
tracted to  tlio  chaste  Zeno'cia,  and 
Zenocia  is  dishonourably  pnrsned  by  the 
governor  count  Clo'dio. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  TJie  Custutn  of  the  Country 
(1647). 

Hippolytos  (in  Latin,  Ilijijioli/ttis), 
son  or  Theseus.  He  provoked  the  anjrer 
of  Venus  by  disregarding  her  love,  and 
Venus,  in  revenge,  made  Piuedra  (his 
mother-in-law)  fall  in  love  with  him,  and 
when  Hippolytos  repulsed  her  advances, 
she  accused  him  to  her  husband  of 
seeking  to  dishonour  her.  Theseoa 
prayed  Neptune  to  punish  the  young 
man,  and  the  Bea-god,  while  the  young 
man  was  driving   in  his  chariot,   Beared 

the   horses   with    sea-calves.      HippolytOS 

was  thrown  from  the  chariot  and  killed, 
hut  Diana  restored  him  to  life  again.  (See 
HlPPOLRO.) 

fflppoh/tai  liimvlf  would  lenve  Diana 

To  follow  tucti  a  Venua. 
ManliiKer,  A   Vm§  Way  to  Pag  n'.d  Ma,  111.  1  (1028). 

Hippom'enes  («  syi.)t  a  Grecian 
prince  who  outstripped  Atalanta  in  a 
foot-race,   by     dropping     three    golden 

apples,  which    she     Btopped    to    pick     up. 

By    this  conquest  he  won  Ataianta   to 

wife. 

E'en  here.  In  tMi  rcir1  -.  of  woodari,  I  Ami 
Tliai  light-footed  Pane]  leavoi  rnitli  hr  behind] 

or.  .ai  mi »,  like  Hlppomani  ,  [univi- 
By  the  kuUlcii  lUuiioiu  liu  llm^s  In  htr  «U 

T.  Moors. 

Hippopot'aniUS,  nymliol  of  impiety 
and  ingratitude.  Lear  says  that  "in- 
eratitude  in  %  child  is  more  hideous  than 

the  sea  monster." 

Tlio  hlppopotemua  klll<-th  liU  lire,  and  mrtjluth  hU 
diuu.  — .-  IttlS). 

Hippot'ados  (1  syl.),  Bolus  the 
wind-god,  son  oj  Hip| 

V'TV    p|-' 

ntiify  : 

Anil  navr  Hll'|H»tailtVi  their    u 
That  in. I  a  IU  t  »  ■  nh 

Milton, 

■li,  a  it  rum  pet  Prom  P<  ale's  play 

.«  t  r.n.i  II  (T\  n  .'  ■ 

.    1684). 

In  Italian  cnltal  a  raiirfmn  •  In  Spa 
In  t'raari.  .^  tn»u.li  ...... 


"Tli.  TO    I*    ..rrlil    In    the    Ira      '   •  w    - 

. 

r'-ni .   ~*  lLatncp»,  courtetthlant.  In  fUjn  K-.^luu. 
harl.'U.  ■*  I  a*  I  " — Adam*.   .^y*r%.~ 

Hiroux  (/son),  the  French  "Hill 
Bikes,"    with   aU    the    tragic    ah 

eliminated. 

/Vei.   Whan  dayou  lire?    Jtan.   Ha.en  t  e>:  aiir. 
/V.-j.  Wharf  .       41  i*alafd. 

Prm.  Where  UUutl    Je-in.  At  <iaiard. 

Prtt.  ant!     J'-an.  (jalard. 

Henri  Itounlcr,  P  •    ;     i*n  trirk 

Hiftlop  (John),  the  old  carrier  at  Old 
St.   ki'H.ui's.  —  Sir    W.    Sett.  St,    ..     ■     ■  s 

W(  .  (time,  rge  III. J. 

Hispa'nia,  Spain. 

Histor'icus,   the    -. 
the  Him.  I'..  Vernon  Harcourt,  for  many 

years     the     most     slashing   writer    i:i   lliw 
Saturday     fii         ,    and    a    writer   in    the 

History  Herod'otoa.  the 

Greek  historian,  is   so  called  bj    l 
(b.0.  484   ;  -  . 

I/ist<'>-'/     ( Fai/u  r    of 
Polygnotos  of  Thaos  (fl.   B.C.  468  435). 
The  Venerable  Bede  is  so  culled  some- 
times (672  • 

History  [father  of  French),  Andre 
Duchesne  (1584  1640). 

Histrio-mostix,  a  tirade  against 
theatrical  exhibitions,  by  William  Prynne 
(1682). 

Ho'amon,  an  Indian  tribe  settled  on 
a  south  branch  of  the  Missouri,  having 
A/'tlan  for  their  imperial  city.  '1  he 
A/.'tecas  conquered  the  tribe,  d< 
the  queen,  and  Mixed  their  territory  bj 
right  of  conquest.     When  M  i 

On  the  American  shore,  hr  took  the  part  of 

the  Hoamen,  and  I  in  restoring 

them  to   their  rigl 
ted  to  Mexn 

Southey,  M  ■  ■ 

Hoare 

London.     The    golden 

over  the  fanlight 

Hoare,  a  cooper,  who    founded  the  hank. 

The  It  Dtains  the  li 

bot)  le  or  purse  of  Jamt  -  1 1    i 

v  ith   which    be    started    hu.-i- 

■  ■ 

l.T   .  f    1  wyfi.nl,  an  msur- 
Scott,     •  i 

(time,  Henry  II. ). 

11     b        '     11  .ippcr,    miller     at     M. 


HOBBES'S  VOYAGE. 


446 


HOBSON. 


Mysie  Hopper,  the  miller's  daughter. 
Bhe  marries  sir  l'iercie  Shafton. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Muivistery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hobbes's  Voyage,  a  leap  in  the 
dark.  Thomas  Hobl>es,  on  the  point  of 
death,  said,  "Now  I  am  about  to  take  my 
iast  vovage,  a  great  leap  in  the  dark " 
(1588-1679). 

Tis  enough.  I'll  not  fail.  So  now  I  am  In  for 
Hobbes's  voyage— a  great  leap  in  the  dark  [thit  leap  vat 
iruitrimuny\.  —  Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked  Wife,  v.  3 
<16»7). 

Hob'bididance  (4  syl.),  the  prince 
of  dumbness,  and  one  of  the  five  fiends 
that  possessed  "  poor  Tom." — Shake- 
speare, King  Lear,  act  iv.  sc.  1  (1605). 

%*  This  name  is  taken  from  Harsnett's 
Declaration  of  Eyreyious  Popish  Impos- 
tures (1561-1631). 

Hobbie  O'Sorbie'trees,  one  of  the 
huntsmen  near  Charlie's  Hope  farm. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  Guy  Manncriny  (time,  George 
II.). 

HobTbima  {The  Enylish),  John 
Crome  of- Norwich,  whose  last  words  were : 
"0  Hobbima,  Hobbima,  how  I  do  love 
thee !  "  (1769-1821). 

Hob'bima  {The  Scotch),  P.  Nasmvth 
(1831-         ). 

%*  Minderhout  Hobbima,  a  famous 
landscape  painter  of  Amsterdam  (1638- 
1709). 

Hobbinol.    (See  Hobinol.) 

Hobbler  or  Clopinei.,  Jehan  de 
Meung,  the  French  poet,  who  was  lame 
(1260-1320).  Meung  was  called  by  his 
contemporaries  Pert  </<•  P Eloquence. 

*i*  Tyrtaeus,  the  Greek  elegiac  poet, 
was  called  "  Hobbler  "because  he  intro- 
duced the  alternate  pentameter  verse, 
which  is  one  foot  shorter  than  the  old 
heroic  metre. 

Hobbler  {The  Rev.  Dr.),  at  Ellieslaw 
Castle,  one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators 
with  the  laird  of  Ellieslaw. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
The  Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Hobby -de-Hoy,  a  lad  from  14  to 
21. 

1-7.  The  first  seven  years,  bring  up  as  a  child ; 
7-14.  The  next  to  learning,  for  waxing  too  wild  ; 
14-21.  The  next,  to  keep  under  sir  Hobbard  de  Hot  ; 
H-S8.  The  next,  a  man.  and  no  longer  ■  boy. 

T.  Tusser.  /'ire  Bvmdmd  Puintt  of  Good 
Itiuihindry,  1.  11557). 

Hobby-horse,  in  the  morris-dance, 
•  pasteboard  horse  which  a  man  carries 
and  dances  about  in,  displaying  tricks  of 
legerdemain,  such  as  threading  a  needle, 
running  daggers  through  his  cheeks,  etc. 
1'he  horse  had  a  ladle  in  its  mouth  for 


the  collection  of  half-pence.  The  colour 
of  the  hobby-hone  was  a  reddish  white, 
and  the  man  inside  wore  a  doublet,  red 
on  one  side  and  yellow  on  the  other.  (See 
Morris-Dance.) 

Clo.  They  should  be  morris-dancers  by  their  gingle,  but 
they  bare  no  napkins. 

Coc.  No,  nor  a  hobby-horse. — Ben  Jonson,  The  itcUx- 
morphoted  Giptiet. 

Hobby-horse,  a  favourite  pursuit,  a  cor- 
ruption of  hobby-hause  ("  hawk-tossing  "), 
a  favourite  diversion  in  the  days  of  fal- 
conry. The  term  has  become  confounded 
with  the  wicker  hobby-horse,  in  which 
some  one,  being  placed,  was  made  to  take 
part  in  a  morris-dance. 

Why  can't  you  ride  your  hobby-horse  without  desiring 
to  place  me  on  a  pillion  behind  you  t— Sheridan,  The 
Critic,  i.  1  (177H). 

Hobby-horse  {The),  one  of  the  masquers 
at  Kennaquhair  Abbey. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hobinol  or  Hobbinol  is  Gabriel 
Harvey,  physician,  I.L.D.,  a  friend  and 
college  chum  of  Edmund  Spenser  the 
poet.  Spenser,  in  his  eel.  iv.,  makes 
Thenot  inquire,  "  What  gars  thee  to 
weep?  "  and  Hobinol  replies  it  is  because 
his  friend  Colin,  having  been  flouted  by 
Rosalind  (eel.  i.),  has  broken  his  pipe 
and  seems  heart-broken  with  grief. 
Thenot  then  begs  Hobinol  to  sing  to  him 
one  of  Colin's  own  songs,  and  Hobinol 
sings  the  lay  of  "  Elisa  queen  of  the 
shepherds"  (queen  Elizabeth),  daughter 
of  Syrinx  and  Pan  (Anne  Boleyn  and 
Henry  VIII.).  He  says  Phoebus  thrust 
out  his  golden  head  to  gaze  on  her,  and 
was  amazed  to  see  a  sun  on  earth  brighter 
and  more  dazzling  than  his  own.  The 
Graces  requested  she  might  make  a  fourth 
grace,  and  she  was  received  amongst 
them  and  reigned  with  them  in  heaven. 
The  shepherds  then  strewed  flowers  to 
the  queen,  and  Elisa  dismissed  them,  say- 
ing that  at  the  proper  season  she  would 
reward  them  with  ripe  damsons  (eel.  iv.). 
Eel.  ix.  is  a  dialogue  between  Hobinol  and 
Diggon  Davie,  upon  Popish  abuses.  (See 
Dioooh  Davie.) — Spenser,  Shephearde's 
Calendar  (1572). 

Hobnel'ia,  a  shepherdess,  in  love  with 
Lubberkin,  who  disregarded  her.  She 
tried  by  spells  to  win  his  love,  and  after 
every  spell  she  said  : 

With  my  sharp  heel  I  three  times  mark  the  ground. 
And  turn  me  thrice 'around,  around,  around. 

Gay.  Pattoral,  It.  (17141. 

(An  imitation  of  Virgil's  Eel.,  viii. 
"  rhannaceutria.") 

Hob'son  (Tobias),  a  carrier  who  lived 


H0CHSPK1NGEN. 


HI 


HOLDENOUGH. 


at  Cambridge  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
ept  a  livery  stable,  but  obliged  the 

university  students  to  take  his  hacks  in 
rotation.      Hence     the     term     It 
,  came  to  signify  "this  <>r  nun.-." 

Milton    (in   1660)   wrote  two  humorous 

poems  on  the  death  of  the  old  currier. 

Hochspring'en    ( Tht   yem 
of),  introduced  in  DonnerhugeTe  narra- 
tive.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Anne  of  Qeierstein 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Hocus  (Humphry),  "the  attorney" 
into  whose  hands  John  Boil  and  his 
friends  put  the  law-suit  they  carried  on 

against    Lewis    Ba1 n    (Louis    XIV.), 

arse,    Humphry    Hocus    is    John 
Churchill,    duke    of  'Marlborough,   who 
commanded  the  army  employed  against 
and  Monai 

Hii-iii  wiu  mi  olil  ciiniiini;  att.irn- y  ;  ami  tlm-inh  tl.is 
n.,  tin-  ti  »in  ba  vai  erei  angaged  In,  ha 

.  ilniaalf  suit-rlor  In  add  row  '"  must  °'  '•■ 

Son.     lli-  atwan  kapl  good  darka     Ha  Uwad  m iy,  araa 

da,  unci  luldum 
tamiiar.  .  .  .  Haprorloed  plandfullj  f»r  iit»  family  :  but 
i  bbnaalf  better  than  tham  alL    The  nelgnboun 

raiwrtod  that  ba  «raa  baa  packed,  abb  hwaalmi 
turli  a  mlld-aylrited  aroraan  aa  bli  artle  iraa[*ii 

a  [•  I.  ruuiyuii/j.— Dr.  Arbulluiut,  JJuXvry  ,./Juhn 

Bull.  ».  PJUJi 

Hodei'rah  (8  ml.),  husband  of  Zei'- 
aab  2  tyl.  i  and  father  of  Thalaba.  He 
died  while  Thalaba  was  a  mere  lad.— 
Bouthey,  TkalabatheD  1797). 

Hodcken  {%.«.  little  hat),  a  German 
kobold  or  domestic  fairy,  noted  tor  his 
little  felt  hat 

Ho'der,    tlie    Bcandinavian    god    of 

darkness,  typical  of  night     He  is  called 

the  blind  old  god.     Balder  is  the  god  of 

light  typical  of  day.   According  to  fable, 

-  killed    Balder  with  an  arrow  made 

,  but  the  gods  restored  him  to 
life  again. 

II    -|.-r.  lb,-  1-lin. I  .-:  I 

Hodge,  Gammer  Gurton's  roodman, 
who-.  he  was  repairing  when 

She    lost   her    needle.      Mr.    >.    M 
ur  (jar ton' 
%•  Mr.  8.  is  said  to  be  J.  5 
wards  bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  hut  in 
.  only  eight  years  old. 

B  'iiRea   (John),  one  of   '■ 

(time, 

(.  11.). 

todlord  of  I'"  rtnun,  by 
the    I  Ui  rwyn     Hull.-  Mr    \S  . 

rge  II.). 

JI    dgo'son  (Qaffer),*  puritan.— Sir 


.  .    -  Icvcrii    of    the    I'e<ik   (time, 

Charles  11.). 

Hool  (-  -'v'.),  kin;;  of  the  Am. 

Arthur. 

ent  an  army  oi  nan   to 

le  against  I 
-.  being  driven  from  his  kr 

but  in  613  lie  recovered  his  throne,  and 
died  in 

[.4  rt'iur],  calling  to  lili  aid 
Ills  kliunmli  Hiiarcl.  Iiruutftil  (r,,in  Ilrlttany  tt.p  la*-. 

Tiiuir  armlnalhaj  unite  .  .  .  [and  aaaagaaar  ia«  »«««  ji 
Umoein\ 

Drayton.  I'otyMion.  It.  (151^1. 

,  son  of  prince  Hoe]  and  Llalan. 
Prince  Hoel  was  slain  in  battle  by  his 
half-brother  David  king  of  North  '■ 

and    Llaian,   with  '  illowed   the 

fortuni  •',  w  ho  n 

to    North  Amerii 
kidnapped  by  Ocell'opan,  an  k 
carried    to     A/.'tlan    for    u     , 
sacrifice  to 

confined  in  a  cavern  without   food;  but 

k  pity 
on  him,  visited  him,  supplied  nil 
food,  and  assisted  M  -  t  him 

— Southey,  Modoc  (18( 

Hcornescar,    a    German    a  ' 

punishment  a  hich  cor 

d  the  shoulders  for  a  certain  D 

of  miles. 


!  ,n  cornice  acouN  de  main-ration .  de  la  r*lne 

•  »  mr    lc*  1 1  . 
ooadamna.— P.  S 

Ho'garth    |  H 
Juvenal  of  Painters  "  (II 

.),  David 

(17  11   1796). 

Hogarth    of    Noveli.-'    . 
Fielding  (1" 

Hog    LaJie,  ndon  ; 

tiled  "  Pel  .'*  and 

now  "  Middi. 

11 

U,  and 

tin-  French  undi  r  Moreati. 

- 


|uil|iit   bv    n   military  Sir    ^  . 

moawealth). 


HOLIDAY. 


448 


HOLY  MAID  OF  KENT. 


Holiday.  When  Anaxag'oras  was 
dying,  and  was  asked  what  honour 
should  be  conferred  on  him,  he  replied, 
"Give  the  boys  a  holiday  "  (b.c.  500-428). 

Holiday  (Erasmus),  schoolmaster  in 
the  Vale  of  Whitehorse.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Holiday  Phrases,  set  speeches, 
high-flown  phrases.  So  holiday  manners, 
holiday  clothes,  meaning  the  "best"  or 
those  put  on  to  make  the  best  appear- 
ance. Hotspur,  speaking  of  a  fop  sent  to 
demand  his  prisoners,  says  to  the  king : 

In  many  holiday  and  lady  terms 
He  quesUonod  me. 

1  Uenry  IV.  act  I.  sc.  3  (1597). 

Holipher'nes  (4  syl.),  called 
"  English  Henry,"  one  of  the  Christian 
knights  in  the  aliied  army  of  Godfrey,  in 
the  first  crusade.  He  was  slain  by 
Dragu'tcs(3  syl.).  (See  Holophkknes.) 
— Tassc,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  ix.  (1575). 

Holland.  Voltaire  took  leave  of 
this  country  of  paradoxes  in  the  allite- 
ration following  : — "  Adieu  !  canaux, 
canards,  canaille"  (Adieu!  dykes,  ducks, 
and  drunkards).     Lord  Byron  calls  it : 

The  waterland  of  Dutchmen  and  of  ditches. 

Whoso  juniper  expresses  its  h?~st  juice. 
The  poor  man's  sparkling  substitute  for  riches. 

Don  Juan,  v  «J(1821). 

Holland,  one  of  the  three  districts  of  Lin- 
colnshire. Where  Boston  stands  used  to 
be  called  "High  Holland."  The  other  two 
districts  are,  Lindsey,  the  highest  land  ; 
and  Kcsteven,  the  western  part,  famous 
for  its  heaths.  Holland,  the  fen-lands  in 
the  south-east. 

And   for  that  part  of  me  [Lincoln!.]  which  me  "  High 

Holland  "  call, 
Where  Boston  seated  is,  by  plenteous  Wytham's  fall  .  .  . 
No  other  tract  of  land  doth  like  abundance  yield. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion.  xxv.  (1622). 

Hol'les  Street  (London).  So  called 
from  John  Holies  duke  of  Newcastle, 
father  of  Henrietta  Cavendish  countess 
of  Oxford  and  Mortimer.  (See  Hen- 
rietta Street.) 

Holman  (Lieutenant  James),  the 
Dlind  tiaveller  (1787-1857). 

Hol'opherne  (Thubal),  the  great 
sophister,  who,  in  the  course  of  five  years 
and  three  months,  taught  Gargantua  to 
say  his  ABC  backwards. — Rabelais, 
Gargantua,  i.  14  (1533). 

Holopher'nes  (4  syl.),  a  pedantic 
schoolmaster,  who  speaks  like  a  dic- 
tionary. The  character  is  meant  for  John 
Florio,  a  teacher  of  Italian  in  London,  who 


published,  in  1598,  a  dictionary  called 
A  World  of  Words.  He  provoked  the 
retort  by  condemning  wholesale  the 
English  dramas,  which,  he  said,  were 
"  neither  right  comedies,  nor  riu'ht 
tragedies,  but  perverted  histories  without 
decorum."  The  following  sentence  is  a 
specimen  of  the  style  in  which  he  talked  . 

The  deer  was  .  .  In  tanguit  (blood),  ripe  as  a  pome- 
water  who  now  hangeth  like  a  Jewel  in  the  ear  of  oato 
(the  sky.  the  welkin,  the  heaven) ;  and  anon  falleth  likea 
crib  on  the  face  of  terra  (the  soil,  the  land,  the  earth).— 
Shakespeare,  Love'i  Labour  '»  Lot,  act  ir.  sc  2  (15V4). 

%*  Holophernes  is  an  imperfect  ana- 
gram of  "Joh'nes  Florio,"  the  first  and 
last  letters  being  omitted. 

Holy  Bottle  (The  Oracle  of  the), 
the  object  of  Pantag'ruel's  search.  He 
visited  various  lands  with  his  friend 
Panurge  (2  syl.),  the  last  place  being 
the  island  of  Lantern-land,  where  the 
"  bottle  "  was  kept  in  an  alabaster  fount 
in  a  magnificent  temple.  When  the 
party  arrived  at  the  sacred  spot,  the 
priestess  threw  something  into  the  fount ; 
whereupon  the  water  began  to  bubble, 
and  the  word  "  Drink"  issued  from  the 
"  bottle."  So  the  whole  party  set  to 
drinking  Falernian  wine,  and,  being 
inspired  with  drunkenness,  raved  with 
prophetic  madness  ;  and  so  the  romance 
ends. — Rabelais,  Pantayruel  (1545). 

Like  Pantaimiel  and  his  companions  in  quest  of  the 
'•  Oracle  of  the  Bottle." — Sterne. 

Holy  Brotherhood  (The),  in 
Spain  called  Santa  Hermandad,  was  an 
association  for  the  suppression  of  high- 
way robbery. 

The  thieves,  .  .  .  believing  the  Holy  Brotherhood  was 
coming,  .  .  .  got  up  in  a  hurry,  and  alarmed  their  com- 
panions.— Lesage,  Oil  Blot,  i.  6  (1715). 

Holy  Island,  Lindisfarne,  in  the 
German  Sea,  about  eight  miles  from 
Berwick-upon-Tweed.  It  was  once  the 
see  of  the  famous  St.  Cuthbert,  but  now 
the  bishopric  is  that  of  Durham.  The 
ruins  of  the  old  cathedral  are  still 
visible. 

Ireland  used  to  be  so  called,  on  account 
of  its  numerous  saints. 

Guernsey  was  so  called  in  the  tenth 
century,  on  account  of  the  great  number 
of  monks  residing  there. 

Rilgen  was  so  called  by  the  Slavonic 
Varini. 

Holy  Maid  of  Kent,  Elizabeth 
Barton,  who  incited  the  Roman  Catholics 
to  resist  the  progress  of  the  Reformation, 
and  pretended  to  act  under  divine  in- 
spiration. She  was  executed  in  1534 
for  "predicting"  that  the  king  (Henry 


HOLY  MOTHER OP THE  RUSSIANS.  419 


1 1 '  •  M  1 .  >  I '  1   S. 


VIIF.)  would  die  a  redden  death  if  he 
divunvd  queen  Katharine  and  married 
Anne    Boleyn.     Af  te   was 

thought  to  be  inspired  with  a  prophetic 
gift,  mil  even  the   lord   cb 
Thomas  Morai  was  inclined  to  think  >■■. 

Holy  Mother  of  the  Russians. 
Beacon  is  so  called* 

Holywell  Street,  London.  Bo 
called  from  s  spring  of  water  "most 
!< wr«i,  salubrious,  and  clear,  whose  runnels 
murmur  oyer  the  shining  stoi 

•*•  other  similar  wells  in  tr ;  suburbs 
it  London  were  Clerkenwell  and  St. 
(  lemi  nt's  Well. 

Home,  Sweet  Home.    The  words 
of  this  popular  song  are  by  John  Howard 
Payne,   tn   American.     Ii   is   introduced 
in  his  melodrams   call) 
Maid  of    Milan,     The   music   is   by   sir 


'•■nry 


Bishoi 


Homer  (7V  British),    Milton 
called    on  Gray's  monument    in    W<  t- 
minster  A'bbey. 

BJir  I 

A  I'n.durt  rapturo  In  i: 

Homer    <  The    Cat  '■■  t).  an    edil 

Homer    corrected     by    Aristotle,    which 

ider  the  'in-nt  carried  about  with 

him,  and    placed    in   the  goldi  a   i 

richly  Btudded  with  gems,  found  in  the 

t    Darius,     Alexander  said   there 

t  one  thing  in  the  world  worthy  to 

be  k.  pt  in  so  precious  a  casket,  and  that 
ristotle's  // 

,    Ossian,    son    of 

!  '  d    r\  .  n. 

B  !  erdusi.     tho 
poet,  W  I; 

or  history  of  the  Persian  Km.;-.     It  con- 

um-.  1 20, the  n  ork  of 

thirty  • 

r  (  The    I '  Hi  nry    Fielding 

the  novelist   i^  called   by    Byron  "The 

I  r  of   Human   Nal 

n  ilkie, 

author  of  The 

ii  it  Drama! 

Drj  .• 

WlAk»|lC«»    in    Uw     • 

I  ■  • 

I  lovv  M..»»r.,.  . 

11 


died  by    rsaso,  4 

. 

of    tho    Franks 

ert  was  so  called    l<v  > 

(died  - 

Homer  of  thfl  ii    Drama 

■ 
mt  waiter  £ 

Homer  of  Philosophers 
Plato  (B.O.  •!-".">   • 

Homer  tho   Younger,  PI 
andria,    in   the  time    of    I'l 

delph 

Homer  a   Cure    for  Ague.      It 

is  .'in  ;ioii   that   ; 

I k  of  the  t 

Of  a  patient  Buffering  from 
it  will  cure  him     . 

monicui 

|iti_\  sii 

MjboiiUb  llutdo*  quutum  ujj  [«m  Umrati. 

J-rm.  ML 

Homeric  Characters. 

A'.  AMI    M  \ 

Achilj  i  el  bnu  e.  impel 
and  relenti*  m  :  I  >iomi  d,  br  i 

.lent  to  SUthoril ) 

.    fool-hardy, 
■it,  and  c  >in'i  itt  i  :    N  i 

old  man,  garruli 

youthful   OS 

and    arrogant ;     1'ai  ri 

friend  ;    lini.-i  i 

Hi  • 

intry,  a  bra 
ate   husband,  a   s 

model    prince  ;    S  \lil-r  DOS 
Of      tin 

,  a  gallant  and 
"  the    prince  of    chiralrj  ;"   Pau 
broken 

. 
and   fond  >■'■  up    ;, 

fond  j 

Homespun 

, 

I  I     quit* 

t 

I  - 


HOMINY. 


450 


HONEYCOMB];. 


trothed  to  Dick  Dowlas  (for  a  short 
time  the  Hon.  Dick  Dowlas).  When 
Cicely  went  to  London  with  her  brother, 
Bhe  took  a  situation  with  Caroline  Dor- 
mer. Miss  Dormer  married  "  the  heir- 
at-law  "  of  baron  Dnberly,  and  Cicely 
married  Dick  Dowlas. — O.  Column,  The 
Ileir-at-Law  (1797). 

Hominy  (Mrs.),  pniiosopher  and 
authoress,  wife  of  major  Hominy,  and 
"  mother  of  the  modern  Gracchi,"  u  she 
called  her  daughter,  who  lived  at  New 
Thermopylae,  three  days  this  side  of 
"  Eden,  in  America.  Mrs.  Hominy  was 
considered  by  her  countrymen  a  "very 
choice  spirit." — C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuz- 
zlewit  (1844). 

Homo,  man.  Said  to  be  a  corruption 
of  OMO  |  the  two  O'e  represent  the  two 

eyes,  and  the  M  the  rest  of  the  human 
face.  Dante  says  the  gaunt  face  of  a 
starved  man  resembles  the  letter  "  m." 

Who  reads  the  name 
For  "i. m  upon  his  forehead,  there  the  H 
Had  traced  most  plainly. 

Dante,  furgatory,  xxiil.  (1308). 

%*  The  two  downstrokea  represent 
the  contour,  and  the  V  of  the  letter  re- 
presents the  nose.  Hence  the  human 
face  is  l°V°|. 

Honest  George.  General  George 
Monk,  duke  of  Albemarle,  was  so  called 
by  the  Cromwellites  (1608-1670). 

Honest  Man.  Diogenes,  being  asked 

one  day  what  he  was  searching  for  so 
diligently  that  he  needed  the  light  of  a 
lantern  in  broad  day,  replied,  "  An  honest 
man." 

Searched  with  lantern-light  to  find  an  honest  man. 

Soiithey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xxi.  (1S14). 
Still  will  he  hold  his  lantern  up  to  scan 
The  face  of  monarchs  for  an  honest  man. 

lSyron.  d0*  uf  tirutuc,  r.  (1821). 

Honest  Thieves  {The).  The 
"thieves"  are  Ruth  and  Arabella,  two 
heiresses,  brought  up  by  justice  Day, 
trustee  of  the  estates  of  Ruth  and  guar- 
dian of  Arabella.  The  two  girls  wish 
to  marry  colonel  Careless  and  captain 
Manly,  but  do  not  know  how  to  get 
possession  of  their  property,  which  is  in 
the  hands  of  justice  Day.  It  so  happens 
that  Day  goes  to  pay  a  visit,  and  the  two 
girls,  finding  the  key  of  his  strong  box, 
help  themselves  to  the  deeds,  etc.,  to 
which  they  are  respectively  entitled. 
Mrs.  Day,  on  her  return,  accuses  them 
of  robbery;  but  Manly  says,  "Madam, 
the>  have  taken  nothing  but  what  is 
their  own.  They  are  honest  thieves,  I 
assure  you." — T.  Knight  (a  farce). 


%*  This  is  a  mere  rifacimento  of  Tht 
Committee  (1670),  by  the  Hon.  sir  R. 
Howard.  Most  of  the  names  are  identical, 
but  "  captain  Manly"  is  substituted  for 
colonel  blunt. 

Honesty.  Timour  used  to  boast  that 
during  his  reign  a  child  might  carry  a 
purse  of  gold  from  furthest  east  to 
furthest  west  of  his  vast  empire  without 
fear  of  being  robbed  or  molested. — Gib- 
bon, Decline  and  Fall,  etc.  (1776-88). 

A  similar  state  of  things  existed  in 
Ireland,  brought  about  by  the  adminis- 
tration of  king  Uricn.  A  young  lady 
of  great  beauty,  adorned  with  jewels, 
undertook  a  journey  alone  from  one  end 
of  the  kingdom  to  the  other  ;  but  no  at- 
tempt was  made  upon  her  honour,  nor 
was  she  robbed  of  her  jewels. — Warner, 
of  Ireland,  i.  10. 

%*  Thomas  Moore  has  made  this  the 
subject  of  one  of  his  Irish  Melodies,  i. 
("  Rich  and  Rare  were  the  Gems  she 
Wore,"  1814). 

Honey.  Glaucus,  son  of  Minos,  was 
smothered  in  a  cask  of  honey. 

Honeycomb  (  U  u7),  a  fine  gentle- 
man, the  great  authority  on  the  fashions 
of  the  day.  He  was  one  ^f  the  members 
of  the  imaginary  club  from  which  the 
Spectator  issued. —  The  Sjixtatur  (1711- 
1713). 

Sir  Roger  de  Covcrley.  a  country  gentleman,  to  whom 
r.-f. ■rsno*  was  made  when  matters  connected  wiUi  rural 
affairs  were  in  question  ;  Will  Honeycomb  gsve  law  on 
all  thing!  concerning  tho  gay  world;  captain  Bsntij 
stood  up  for  tboanny;  and  nr  Andrew  Pieepott  repre- 
MOtad  the  commercial  interest — Chambers,  h'ny^uh 
Literature,  L  «03. 

Honey  combe  (Mr.),  the  uxorious 
husband  of  Mrs.  lloneycombe,  and  father 
of  l'olly.  Self-willed,  passionate,  and 
tyrannical.  He  thinks  to  bully  Polly 
out  of  her  love-nonsense,  and  by  locking 
her  in  her  chamber  to  keep  her  safe, 
forgetting  that  "love  laughs  at  Lock- 
smiths/'and  "where  there's  a  will  there's 
a  way." 

Mrs,  lloneycombe,  the  dram-drinking, 
maudling,  foolish  wife  of  Mr.  lloney- 
combe, always  Ogling  him,  calling  him 
"  lovey,"  "sweeting,'  or  "dearie,"  but 
generally  muzzy,  and  obfuscated  witk 
cordials  or  other  messes. 

Tolly  Honeycombe,  the  daughter  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  lloneycombe ;  educated  by 
novels,  and  as  full  of  romance  as  don 
Quixote.  Mr.  Ledger,  a  stock-broker, 
pays  his  addresses  to  her;  but  she  hates 
him,  and  determines  to  elope  with  Mr. 
Scribble,  an  attorney's  clerk,  and  nephew 


HONEYMAN. 


451 


HOOD. 


of  her  nurse.  This  folly,  however,  is 
happily  interrupted.  —  G.  Colman  the 
older,  Polly  Honeycombs  (1760). 

Honeyman  (Charles),  a  free-and- 
easy  clergyman,  of  social  habits  and 
iltient  speech. — Thackeray,  The  Neiocomet 

(1855). 

Honeymoon  (The),  a  comedy  by 
J.  Tobin  (1804).  The  general  scheme 
resembles  that  of  the  Tanung  of  tit,;  Shrew, 
vi/..,  breaking-in  aa  onruly  colt  of  high 
mettle  to  the  harness  of  wifely  life.  The 
duke  of  Aranaa  marries  the  jiroud,  over- 
bearing, but  beautiful  Juliana,  eldest 
daughter  of  Balthazar.  After  marriage, 
he  takes  her  to  a  mean  hut,  and  pretends 
he  is  only  a  peasant,  who  must  work  for 
his  daily  bread,  and  that  his  wife  must 
do  the  household  drudgery.  He  acts 
with  great  gentleness  and  affection  ;  and 
by  the  end  of  the  month,  Juliana,  being 
thoroughly  reformed,  is  introduced  to 
the  castle,"  where  she  finds  that  her  hus- 
band after  all  is  the  duke,  and  that  she  is 
the  duchess  of  Aranza.  It  is  an  excellent 
and  well-written  comedy. 

Honeywood,  "  the  good-natured 
man,"  whose  property  is  made  the  prey 
of  swindlers.  His  uncle,  sir  William 
Honeywood,  in  order  to  rescue  him  from 
sharpers,  causes  him  to  be  seized  for  a 
bill  to  which  he  has  lent  his  name  "to  a 
friend    who   absconded."     By   this  arrest 

the  young  man  is  taught  to  discriminate 

between  real  friends  and  designing 
knaves.  Honeywood  dotes  on  Miss  Rich- 
land, but  fancies  she  loves  Mr.  Lofty, 
ami  therefore  forbears  to  avow  his  love  ; 
eventually,  however,  all  comes  right. 
Honeywood  promises  to  "  reserve  his  pity 
for  real  distress,  and  his  friendship  for 
true  merit." 

b  tnellnad  t.>  Ihi  right.  ['"■]  ii id  nol  wwrm  to 

i    the  wroiiK.     |  Bit]  I  b  I  Inju  lUce  ; 

[jUtlbanoTaUnoa  l>ut  weakness;  uiullAoi  tn<':. 
cmlulitjr. — Act  1. 

Sir   William  Honeywood,  uncle  of  Mr. 

Honeyw 1   "  the    good-natured   man." 

Mr  William  sees  with  regrel  the  faults 
of  his  nephew,  and  tries  t.i  correal  them. 
He  is  a  dignified  and  high-minded  gen- 
tleman.— Goldsmith,  Tht  Oood-naturtd 
Mm  (1767). 

Hono'ra,  daughter  of  genera]  archas 
"the  loyal  subject  "  of  the  great-duke  of 

lioSCOTia,    and    sister    of     Viola. 

and   Fletcher,    Tht   !■■  ,  •■■ 
(1618). 

Hono'ria.  a  fair  btit  haughty  dame. 


greatly  loved  by  Theodore  of  Ravenna; 
But  the  lady  '"•  hated  bun  alone,"  and 
"the  more  he  loved  the  more  she  dis- 
dained." One  day,  she  saw  the 
of  Guido  Cavalcanti  bunting  with  two 
mastiiis  a  damsel  who  despised  his  lore 
and  who  was  do  imed  to  suffer  ■  year  for 
every  month  she  had  tormented  him. 
Her  torture  was  to  be  hunted  by 
torn   to    pieces,   diseml  tnd   re- 

stored to  life  again  every  Friday.  This 
vision  so  acted  on  the  mind  of  Honoria, 
that  she  no  longer  resisted  the  I 
Theodore,  but,  "with  the  full  consent  of 
all,  she  changed  her  state." — Dryden, 
Theodore  and  Honoria  (a  poem). 

*+*  This  tale  is  from  Boccaccio,  De- 
cameron (day  v.  8). 

Honour  (Mrs.),  the  waiting  gentle- 
woman of    Sophia    Western. — Fielding, 
net  (1749). 

TliU  U  wane  than  S..r>hy  Western  and  Mm.  II uiums 
about  Tom  Jones's  broken  arm.  —  i'rol.  J.  WiUon. 

Honour  and  Glory  Griffiths. 
Captain  Griffiths,  in  the  reign  of  William 
IV.,  was  s.i  called,  because  he  need  to 

address  his  letters  to  the  Admiralty,  to 
"Their  Honours  and  Glories  at  the 
Admiralty." 

Honour  of  the  Spear,  a  touma- 

Jient. 

He  came  to  Banal  echoing  hallv  ami  «oucht  the  honour 
of  Uie  spear. — Ossmn,  1'ht  War  of  InuThaiui. 

Honours  (Crushed  by  His  or  Her). 

Tarpeia  (8  tyl.),  daughter  of  Tarpeiui 
(governor  of  the  citadel  of  Rom<   , 
mised  to  open  the  gates  to  Tatius,  if  his 
soldiers  would   give  her  the  ornaments 

they  wore  on  their  arms.      As  the  B 
entered  the  gate,  they  threw  on   her  their 
shields,  and  crushed  her  to  d<  i 
"These   are    the    ornaments   we    Sabinee 

wear  on  our  arms." 

Draco,   the    Athenian    legi 
crushed  to  death  in  the  tin  aire  .it' 
by    the    number    of    caps  ■ 

showered  on  him  by  the  audience,  m  » 
mark  of  honour. 

I  il.'alus,  thr  Roman  emperor,  in- 
vited the  leading  nun  of  Rome  to  a 
banquet,  and,  undi  r  pn 

them  honour,  rained  roses  upon  them  till 
Uie\    Wen  smothered  tO  death. 

HOOd  a   famous  English  out- 

law .  es  him  in  the  n  ign   i  f 

Richard    1.,  but  others   make   li i in    ii~e  Ht 

periods  between  Coeur  de  Lior.  and 

Ld« ar.l  II.     His  chid  baa 

m '  Forest,  in  Nottinghamiairo.  Aacient 


HOOK EM. 


452  HOPKINS. 


ballads  abound  with  anecdotes  of  his  per- 
sonal courage,  his  skill  in  archery,  his 
generosity,  and  great  popularity.  It  is 
Baid  that  he  robbed  the  rich,  but  gave 
largely  to  the  poor,  and  protected  women 
and  children  with  chivalrous  magna- 
nimity. According  to  tradition,  he  was 
treacherously  bled  to  death  by  a  nun,  at 
the  command  of  his  kinsman,  the  prior 
of  Kirkless,  in  Notts. 

Stukeley  asserts  that  Robin  Hood  was 
Robert  Fitzooth,  earl  of  Huntingdon  ; 
and  it  is  probable  that  his  name  hood, 
like  capet  given  to  the  French  kin^ 
Hugues,  refers  to  the  cape  or  hood  which 
he  usually  wore. 

*>*  The  chief  incidents  of  his  life  are 
recorded  by  Stow.  Ritson  has  collected 
a  volume  of  songR,  ballads,  and  anecdotes 
called  Robin  Ho<d  .  .  .  that  Celebrated 
English  Outlaw  (1795).  Sir  W.  Scott  lias 
introduced  him  in  his  novel  called  The 
Talisman,  which  makes  the  outlaw  con- 
temporary with  ("our  de  Lion. 

Robin  hood's  Alen.  The  most  noted  of 
his  followers  were  Little  John,  whose 
surname  wits  Nailor  ;  his  chaplain  friar 
Tuck  ;  William  Scarlet,  Scathelooke  (2 
syl.),  or  Scadlock,  sometimes  called  two 
brothers  ;  Will  Stutly  or  Stukely  ;  Mutch 
the  miller's  son  ;  and  the  maid  Marian. 

C'tiic  f.  beside  the  butts,  thore  stand 

Bold  Robin  Hood  ami  all  bfa  bund  : 

Knar  Tuck  with  staff  and  cowl, 

i  lid  Scathelooke  [1 1*7.)  with  his  surly  scowl, 

Maid  Marian  fair  as  Ivory  bone, 

Scarlet,  and  Mutch,  and  Little  John. 

Sir  W.  Scott 

Hookem  {Mr.),  partner  of  lawyer 
Clippurse  at  Waverley  Honour. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Hop  {Robin),  the  hop  plant. 

Get  Into  thv  bop-yaid,  for  now  It  Is  time 

To  teach  Bobln  Hop  an  his  p..i,-  huw  to  climb. 

T.  Tusser,  Are  Hundred  Points  of  Good 
JlusbinUry.  ill.  17  (1607). 

Hope.  The  name  of  the  first  woman, 
according  to  Grecian  mythology,  waa 
Panddra,  made  by  HephfBstos  (  Vulcan) 

out  of  earth.  She  was  called  Pandora 
("all-gifted")  because  all  the  deities  con- 
tributed something  to  her  charms.  She 
married  Epime'theus  (4  syl.),  in  whose 
house  was  a  box  which  no  mortal  might 
open.  Curiosity  induced  Pandora  to  peep 
into  it,  when  out  (lew  all  the  ills  of 
humanity,  and  she  had  just  time  to  close 
the  lid  to  prevent  the  escape  of  Hope 
also. 

When  man  and  nature  mourned  their  first  decay  .  .  . 
AU,  all  fwrsook  the  friendless,  guilt;  mind, 
fiat  Hoit — the  charmer  lingered  »till  behind. 

Campbell,  i'ieaturti  of  hope,  i.  (1799). 


Hope  {TJxe  Bard  of),  Thomas  Camp- 
bell, who  wrote  The  Pleasures  of  Hope,  in 
two  parts  (1777-1844). 

Hope  {The  Cape  of  Good),  originally 
called  "  The  Cape  of  Storms." 

Similarly,  the  Euxine  {i.e.  "hos- 
pitable ")  Sea  was  originally  called  by 
the  Greeks  the  Axine  {i.e.  "the  in- 
hospitable ")  Sea. 

%*  For  the  "Spirit  of  the  Cape,"  see 
Adamastor. 

Hope  the  Motive  Power  of 
All. 

The  ambitious  prince  doth  hope  to  conquer  all ; 

The  dukes,  earl.*,  lords,  and  knight!  hope  to  be  king*! 
The  prelates  hope  to  push  for  popish  pall ; 

The  laww.-r-  hope  t"  INEftSflaa  wondrous  things; 

The  nercbajiti  hope  tor  no  laaa  rackonliigi ; 
The  i  «.i-iiiit  hope,  to  get  a  ferine  [/owws]  at  lostttl  ; 
All  men  are  gDGatS  when-  Hope  iloth  hold  tbfl 

i.i kuoafgna,  1  he  tYuitct  a/  Harre.  S8  idied  1577V 

Hope    Diamond    {The),    a    blue 

brilliant,  weighing  4  I J  carats. 

It  is  supposed  that  this  diamond  is  the 
same  as  the  blue  diamond  bought  by 
Louis  XIV.  in  1668,  of  Tavcrnier.  It 
weighed  in  the  rough  IV2\  carats,  and 
after,  being  cut  67|  carats.  In  17!i'J  it 
was  lost.  In  L880|  Mr.  Daniel  Eliasou 
came  into  possession  of  a  blue  diamond 
without  any  antecedent  history  ;  this 
was  bought  by  Mr.  Henry  Thomas  Hope, 
and  is  called  "  The  Hope  Diamond." 

Hope  of  Troy  {The),  Hector. 

[lie]  stood  against  them,  as  the  Hope  of  Troy 
Against  the  tlrceks. 

Shakespeare,  3  Henry  VI.  act  II.  sc  1  (1593). 

Hopeful,  a  companion  of  Christian 
after  the  death  of  Faithful  at  Vanity 
Fair. — Bunyan,  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,  l. 

(1G78). 

Hope-on-High  Bomby,  a  puri- 
tanical character,  drawn  by  Bcauuioot 
and  Fletcher. 

"  Well,"  said  Wlldrake,  "  I  think  I  can  make  a  Hope- 
OU-Hlgh  Bombf  as  well  as  thou  canst." — Sir  W.  Scot  I 
MooditOi-k,  vii. 

Hopkins  {Matthew),  of  Manningtree, 
in  Essex,  the  witch-finder.  In  one  year 
he  caused  sixty  persons  to  be  hanged  as 
reputed  witches. 

Between  three  and  four  thousand  persons  suffered  death 
for  witchcraft  between  1643  and  1661.— Dr.  Z.  Urey. 

Hopkins  {Nicholas),  a  Chartreux  friar, 
who  prophesied  "that  neither  the  king 
[Henry  J'///.]  nor  his  heirs  should 
prosper,  but  that  the  duke  of  Buckingham 
should  govern  England." 

lit  Omit.  That  devil  -monk.  Hopkins,  hath  made  this  raia 

chief. 
2nd  Gent    That  was  he  that  fed  him  with  his  prophecies 
Shakespeare,  u^nry  rill,  act  U.  sc  1  llflol). 


IIOP-n-MY-TIUMi:. 


468 


imu.vTirs. 


Hop-o'-my-Thurab,  a  character  in 
several  nursery  tales.    Tom  Thumb  and 
Hop-o'-my-thumb    are    cot    the 
although  they  are  often  confound* 
each  ot ln-r.    'rein  Thumb  was  t In-  son  ol 
peasants,  knighted  by  kin:,'  Arthur,  and 
was  killed  by  a  spider  ;  but  Hop-o-my- 
thumb  was  a  nix,  the  same  as  the  <  iennan 
daumlmg,  the  French  i 
the1  Scotch    i-'tn  ■t-lin  i >r  Tamlane.     tie 
was   not   a   human  dwarf,   but  a  fay  of 
usual  fairy  proportions. 

You  Sunup  i  Hop-o'-my-thumb, 

vour  busband  must  from  l.illi 

Kant  u  Hai  i,  Midat  (1778). 

Horace,  son  of  Oronte  (2  tyl.)  and 
iov<  r  of  Agnes.  He  first  sees  Agnes  in  a 
balcony,  and  takes  off  his  hat  in  passing. 
Agnes  returns  his  salute,  "  pour  ne  point 

manquer  a  la  civilite*."     He  again  takes 

oft  his  hat,  and  she  again  returns  the 
compliment.  He  DOWS  B  third  time,  an. I 
■he  returns  his  "politeness"  a  third  time. 
"  11  passe,  vient,  repasse,  et  toujours  tne 
fait  a  chaque  fois  reverence,  et  moi 
nouvelle  reverence  aussi  je  lui  rendois." 
An  intimacy  is  soon  established,  which 
ripens  into  love.  Oronte  tells  his  Bon  he 
intends  him  to  marry  the  daughter  of 
Enrique  (2  ay/.),  which  he  refuses  to  do; 
but  it  turns  out  that  Agnes  is  m  tad 
Enrique's  daughter,  so  that  love  and 
obedience  are  easily  reconciled. — Bloliere, 
L\  ale  <J*..i  Femmea  (1662). 

Horace  (The  English),     Ben  Jonson  is 

so  called  by  Dekker  the  dramatist  (1574 
1687). 
Cowley  was  preposterously  called  by 
■  duke  of  Buckingham"  The  Pindar, 
Horace,  and  Virgil  ot  England"  (IG18- 
i 

Horace  (The  French),  .lean  Macrinua  or 
Salmon  (1490-1667). 
Piem  Jean  de  Beranger  is  called  "The 

Horace  of  France,"  and  "The  French 
Burns"  (1780-1867). 

/{■nice  (The  Porttijucsc),  A.  I'erreira 
(152H-16G9). 

Hon  ,  inisfi).    Both  Lnperdo 

Argen'sola  and  Ins  brother  Bartolomc  are 

bo  called. 

Horace  de  Brionno  (2  tyl.),  en- 
io  Diana  de  Lascours;  bu(  after  the 

discovery     ot      Ogaii'ts  Martha, 

Diana's  sister],  he  Calls  in  love  with  her, 
and    marries  her    w  ill;    | 

of  his  former  ch I  .    Btirlil 

. 

Horutiu.  daughtei  oi   lloiatiu*  "the 


Roman  father."  She  was  engaged  to 
Cains    Curiatiua,    whom    her    surviving 

brother  slew    in    the  well-known   . 

of  the  three  Romans  and  three  Albans. 
For  tin  I  being  kill,  d,  she  in- 

sulte.l  her  brother  Publius  in  his  triumph, 
and  spoke  disdainfully  of  his  "  patriotic 
which  he  preferred  to  Dual  and 
brotherly  affection.  In  his  anger  be 
Btabbed  his  sister  with  his  iword.— 
Whitehead,  The  Roman  Father  i  1741). 

Hora'tio,  the  intimate  friend  of  prince 
Hamlet. — Shakespeare, 

• 

Hora'tio,  the  friend  and  brother-in-law 
of    lord    Al'tamont,   who    discovers    by 

accident    that    Calista,   lord    Altamonts 
bride,  has  been  seduced  by  Lothai 
informs    lord    Altamont   of   it.     A    duel 
ensues  between   the  bridegroom   and  the 
libertine,  in  which  Lothario  is  killed  ;  nnd 
Calista  stabs  herself. — N.  Ron 
U  (1708). 
Horatius,     "the    Roman     fat 

lie     is     the    lather    Of    the    three     H'Tatli 

chosen  by  the  Roman  •  mouse 

the  cans.'  of  Rome  against  the    V 
He  glories  in  the  g  his 

country  to  his  offspring,     Hi 
Horatia,   was    espoused  to 

Curiatii,  and  was  slain  by  her  surviving 
brother  for  taunting  him  with  murder 
andei  the  aame  of  patriotism.     I 

man  now  renounced  his  son,  and  would 
have  given  him  up  to  justice,  but  king 
BJld   people  interposed  m  his  I .. 

as    Horatius,    the    survivii 

of   "the    Roman    father."      He   pr. 
tliu'ht,  and   a^  the    Curiatii  pursued,  "  but 

not  with  equal  speed,"  •  a  one 

by    one    as    they   came    up. — Whitehead, 

The  Roman  Father  (1741). 

Horatius  [Codes',  captain  of  the 
I  tie  Tioer. 
sena  brought  his  host  I 

On    the     throne,    the    march   on   t:  • 

was  so  sudden   and  rapid,   that  the  consul 

paid,    "  1  he  foe    will   I  • 

we  can  cut  down  the   bridge."      Horatius 

exclaimed,  "It  two  men  will  join  me,  I 
will  underta 

till    the     bii  -~ jMirius 

Laitius  and  Hi  rnnnius  volunteered  ti  join 
him  in  this  bold  • 

I    them   and   were    cut 

Three  others  met  the 

tin'  lord  of  Luna  came  with  his  brand 
"  w  Inch  Done  but  hu  culd  w  i.  Id,"  I 

Tuscan  ,  atched.     11  » 


HOREHOUND. 


454 


HORSE. 


then  ordered  his  two  companions  to  make 
good  their  escape,  and  they  just  crossed 
the  bridge  as  it  fell  in  with  a  crash.  The 
bridge  being  down,  Horatius  threw  him- 
self into  the  Tiber  and  Bwam  safe  to 
shore,  amidst  the  applauding  shouts  of 
both  armies. — Lord  Macaulay,  Lays  of 
Ancient  Home  ("  Iloratius,"  1842). 

Horehound  (2  syl.)  or  Marru'bium 
tmigari  ("white  horehound"),  used  in 
coughs  and  pulmonary  disorders,  eitherin 
tin-  form  of  tea  or  solid  candy.  Black 
horehound  or  liallota  nigra  is  recom- 
mended in  hysteria. 

For  comforting  the  ipleen  and  lirer,  get  for  juice 
Polo  horehound. 

Drayton,  Polyolblon,  xiiL  (1613). 

Horn  (The  Cape).  So  named  by 
Bchonten,  a  Dutch  mariner,  who  first 
rounded  it.  He  was  liorn  at  lloorn,  in 
North  Holland,  and  named  the  cape  after 
his  own  native  town. 

Horn  (Kin/),  hero  of  a  French  metrical 
romance,  the  original  of  our  Cluldc  Horn* 
or  Tlie  Qette  of  Kyng  Horn.  The  French 
romance  is  ascribed  to  Mestre  Th< 
and  Dr.  Percy  thinks  the  English  romance 
is  of  the  twelfth  century,  but  this  is  pro- 
bably at  least  a  century  too  early. 

Horn  of  Chastity  and  Fidelity. 

Morgan  la  Paye  sent  king  Arthur  a 
drinking-horn,  from  which  no  lady  could 
drink  who  was  not  true  to  her  husband, 
and  no  knight  who  was  not  feal  to  his 
liege  lord.  Sir  Lamorake  sent  this  horn 
as  a  taunt  to  sir  Mark  king  of  Cornwall. — 
Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 
ii.  34  (1470). 

Ariosto's  enchanted  cup. 

The  cuckold's  drinking-horn,  from  which 
no  "cuckold  could  drink  without  Bpil- 
Ling  the  liquor."   (See  Cabadoc,  p.  160.) 

La  covpc  enchantife  of  Lafontaine.  (See 
Chastity.) 

Horne,  in  the  proverb  Til  chance  it, 
as  old  Horne  did  his  neck,  refers  to  Horne, 
a  clergyman  in  Nottinghamshire,  who 
committed  murder,  but  escaped  to  the 
Continent.  After  several  years,  he  de- 
termined to  return  to  England,  and  when 
told  of  the  danger  of  so  doing,  replied, 
"I'll  chance  it."  He  did  chance  it;  but 
being  apprehended,  was  tiied,  condemned, 
and  executed. —  The  Xeicgatc  Catendeor, 

Horner  {Jack),  the  little  boy  who  sat 
in  a  cornel  to  eat  his  Christmas  pie,  and 
thought   himself  wondrously   clever    be- 


cause he  contrived  to  pull   out  a   plum 
with  his  thumb. 

Little  Jack  Horner  aat  In  a  corner, 

Rating  lib  Christmas  pie; 
He  nut  in  lib  thumb,  and  pulled  out  a  plum. 

Saying,  "  What  a  good  boy  am  1 1 " 

.Vu Ttrry  Rhyme. 

In  Notes  and  Queries,  xvi.  156,  several 
explanations  are  offered,  ascribing  a 
political  meaning  to  the  words  quoted — 
Jack  Horner  being  elevated  to  a  king's 
messenger  or  king's  steward,  and  the 
"  plum  "  pulled  out  so  cleverly  being  a 
valuable  deed  which  the  messenger 
abstracted. 

Horse.  The  first  to  ride  and  tame  a 
horse  for  the  use  of  man  was  Melizyus 
king  of  Thessaly.     (See  Mklizyus.) 

Hone  (The  Blaoki,  the  7th  Dragoon 
Guards  (not  the  7th  Dragoons).  They 
have  black  velvet  facings,  and  their 
plume  is  black  and  white.  At  one  time 
they  rode  black  horses. 

Horse   ('Die   Green),  the   5th   Dragoon 
Guards,    (These  are  called  "  The  l'r 
Charlotte  of  Wales'  .  .  .  ")   Facings  dark 
green  velvet,  but  the  plume  is  red  and 
white. 

t  ( The  White),  the  3rd  Dragoon 
Guards.  (These  are  called  "  The  Princo 
of  Wales'  .  .  .") 

%*  All  the  Dragoon  Guards  have 
velvet  facings,  except  the  6th  (or  "Cara- 
biniers"),  which  have  white  cloth  facings. 
By  "  facings  "  are  meant  the  collar  and 
culfs. 

N.B. — "The  white  horse  within  the 
Garter  "  is  not  the  heraldic  insignia  of  the 
White  Horse  Regiment  or  3rd  Dragoon 
Guards,  but  ai  the  3rd  Hussars  (or  "The 
King's  Own"),  who  have  also  a  white 
plume.  This  regiment  used  to  be  called 
"  The  3rd  Light  Dragoons." 

Horse  { TJie  Royal),  the  Blues. 

Horse  (The  Wooden),  a  huge  horse 
constructed  by  Ulysses  and  Diomed,  for 
secreting  soldiers.  The  Trojans  were 
told  by  Sinon  it  was  an  offering  made 
by  the  Greeks  to  the  sea-god,  to  ensure 
a  safe  home-voyage,  adding  that  the 
blessing  would  pass  from  the  Greeks  to 
the  Trojans  if  the  horse  were  placed 
within  the  city  walls.  The  credulous 
Trojans  drew  the  monster  into  the  city  ; 
but  at  night  Sinon  released  the  soldiers 
from  the  horse  and  opened  the  gates  to 
the  Greek  army.  The  sentinels  were 
slain,  the  city  fired  in  several  places,  and 
the  inhabitants  put  to  the  sword.     Th« 


HORSE. 


455 


HORTENSE. 


tale  of  the  "Wooden  1 1  one  "forms  no  part 
of  H"m;.  r'-  /  hi,  but  Is  told  by  Virgil  ill 
his  ./.'.;'./.  Virgil  borrowed  the  tale  fri>m 
Arctlnos  of  Miletus,  one  of  the  Cyclic 
poets,  who  related  the  story  of  the 
"Wooden  Horse"  and  the  "burning  of 
Troy." 

***  A  very  similar  stratagem  was  em- 
ployed in  the  seventh  century  a.d.  by 
Aim  Obeidah  in  the  siege  of  Arrestan,  in 
Syria.  Be  obtained  leave  of  the  governor 
i  to  deposit  in  the  citadel  some  old  Lumber 
which  impeded  his  march.  Twenty  boxes 
(tilled  with  soldiers)  were  accordingly 
placed  there,  and  Abu,  like  the  Greeks, 
pretended  to  march  homewards.  At  night 
the  soldiers  removed  the  sliding  bottoms 
of  the  boxes,  killed  the  sentries,  opened 
the  city  gates,  and  took  the  town. — 
Ockley,  History  of  the  Saracens,  i.  L8S. 

The  capture  of  Sark  was  effected  by  a 
similar  trick.  A  gentleman  of  the  Nether- 
lands, with  one  ship,  asked  permission  of 
the  French  to  bury  one  of  his  crew  in  the 
chapel.  The  request  was  granted,  but 
the  coffin  was  full  of  arms.  The  pre- 
tended mourners,  being  well  provided 
with  arms,  fell  on  the  guards  and  took 
the  island  by  surprise. — Percy,  Anecdotes, 
249. 

Horse  (Merlin's  Wooden),  Clavilcno. 
This  was  the  horse  on  which  don  Quixote 
effected  the  disenchantment  of  the  infanta 
Antonomasia  and  others.  (See  Ci.avi- 
lkno,  p  194.) 

Horse  (Jlie  Enchanted),  a  wooden 
horse  with  two  pegs.  By  turning  one  the 
horse  rose  into  the  air,  and  by  turning 
I  he  other  it  descended  where  and  when 
the  rider  listed.  It  was  given  by  an 
Indian  to  the  shah  of  Persia,  as  a  New- 
year's  gift.  (See  FlROUZ  S.  hah.)  - 
Arabian  Nights  ("  The  Enchanted  Horse"). 

Horse  ( The  fifteen  points  of  a  good). 

A  good  lion*  iholilr  have  Uiree  prop)Tte«  ef  A  man, 
ttirro  of  a  womAD,  IhrM  of  i»  fnxt\  three  of  a  haaro.  aii<1 
threeof  an  ax-*.      Of  A  twin,  holilc.  prowile,  and  liarl 
A  i/M.rvMt.  f.nrv-lm  .\  t.tl.  f.tirr  of  DOOra,  :u,'l  .  ..»  r 

Of  A  foit,  A  fAlr  tA>llr,  si 

a  K.iur".  A  (trale  <•)».  A  ilrj  hra.1.  And  wvU  ranD/ntO.  of 
ar.  oue.  a  DJfSfi  chjnn.  ■  Out  leggo,  m»I  «  nu.»l  liuof.— 
Hvn*jm  ii«  ward*  (lino). 

Horse-hair     broods     Animals. 

According  to  legend,  if  tin1  hail  Of  a  horse 

is  dropped  into  corrupted  water,  it  will 
turn  to  an  animal. 

A  hnrae-halr  laid  In  a  pulp-full  of  turhl  I  int.  r,  will  In  a 
ahort  liine  utir,  ami  I»ti.ii»- a  tiring  creature.  — llolinihaa, 
0rJari;«4on  of  Enj!and.  V.'l. 

Horse  Neighing.    On  the  death  of 

Bmerdis,  the  several  competitors  for  the 

■i  crown    agreed    thai    he    whose 


horse  neighed  first  should  be  appointed 
king.  The  hone  "f  Darius  neighed  first, 
and  Darius  was  made  king.     Lord  Brooke 

calls  him  a  Scythian;  he  was  son  of 
Hystaspds  the  satrap. 

Tbt  brara  s.  ytlilan 
Who  '  „• 

Tliim   ill  Hi'-  Ph 

Horsa    Painted.    Apelles    of    Cos 

painted  Alexander's  hone  BO  wonderfully 

well  that  a  r 

neiu'b  at  it.  supposing  it  t"  lie  alive. 

Myro  the  statuary  made  a  COW  BO  true 
to  life   that  several  bulls   were  di  i 

by  it. 

Velasquez  painted  a  Spanish  admiral 
so  true  to  life  that  Felipe  IV.,  mi-taking 
it  for  the  man,   reproved  the  su]  '. 

officer  sharply  for  wasting  his  time  in  a 
painter's  studio,  when  he  ought  to  be  with 
his  lb  •  t. 

Zenzis  painted  Borne  grapes  so  admir- 
ably that  birds  tlew  at  them,  thinking 
them  real  fruit. 

Parrhasios  of  Ephesns  painted  a 
curtain  so  inimitably  that  Zeuxis  thought 
it  to  be  B  real  curtain,  and  bs  I 

draw  it  aside  that  he  might  see  the 
painting  behind. 

Quintan  Ifatsys  of  Antwerp  painted  a 
bee  on  the  outstretched  leg  oi  a  fallen 
angel  so  naturally  tliat  when  old  Mandyn, 
the  artist,  returned  t"  his  studio,  lie  tried 
to  frighten  it  away  with  his  pocket-hand- 
kerchief. 

Horse    of    Brass    {The),  ■  i 
from    the  king  of    Araby    and    ind    to 
CambuBcan'  king  of  Tartary,     A  person 

whispered  in   its  ear  where   he   wished   to 

1   having   mounted,   turned  a   pin, 

whereupon  the  brazen  in  the 

air    as    high     as    the     rider     wished,    and 

within  twenty-four  hours  landed  him  si 

the  end  of  bis  journey. 

TliU  steel  of  t'ram.  thAt  easl!) 

Cm.  in  Utl  ci.ral,  .  .  . 

• 
To  »  I  va. 

Chaucer.  Canterbury  !■■■  •  Taie."  13MSV. 

Horst  f    'be     in- 

[ward  IV.). 

Hortonso'  (-  >v'A,  the  rinlictive 
French  maid-eervanl  of  lady  Dedloek. 
In  revenge  for  the  partiality  shown  by 
lady  Dedloek  to  Ron  the  ri 

I  Mr.  Tulkingbom,  and 
tried  to  thr.'W  the  BUS]  i  8  crime 

on     lad)     1 '•  kens,    Bleak 

■)■ 


HORTENSIO. 


456        HOUSE  THAT  JACK  BUILT. 


Horten'sio,  a  suitor  to  Bianca  the 
younger  sister  of  Katharina  "  the  Shrew." 
Katharina  and  Bianca  are  the  daughters 
of  Baptista. — Shakespeare,  Taming  of  the 
Shrew  (1594). 

Hortensio,  noted  for  his  chivalrous  love 
and  valour. — Massinger,  The  Bashful 
\Lover  (1G36). 

Horwendillus,  the  court  at  which 
Hamlet  lived. 

Tliis  la  that  Hamlet .  .  .  who  lived  at  the  court  of 
Horwendillus,  BOO  years  before  we  were  born.— Hazlitt. 

Hosier's  Ghost  (Admiral),  a  ballad 
by  Richard  Glover (1739).  Admiral  Hosier 
was  sent  with  tventy  sail  to  the  Spanish 
West  Indies,  to  block  up  the  galleons  of 
that  country.  He  arrived  at  the  Basti- 
mentos,  near  Portobello,  but  had  strict 
orders  not  to  attack  the  foe.  His  men 
perished  by  disease  but  not  in  fight,  and 
the  admiral  himself  died  of  a  broken 
heart.  After  Vernon's  victory,  Hosier 
and  his  3000  men  rose,  "  all  in  dreary 
hummocks  shrouded,  which  for  winding- 
sheetn  they  wore,"  and  lamented  the 
■cruel  orders  that  forbade  them  to  attack 
the  foe,  for  "  with  twenty  ships  he  surely 
could  have  achieved  what  Vernon  did 
•with  only  six." 

Hospital  of  Compassion,  the 
house  of  correction. 

A  troop  of  alguazels  carried  me  to  the  hospital  of 
compassion.—  Lesage,  nil  Bleu,  vii.  7  (1735). 

Hotspur.  So  Harry  Percy  was  called 
from  his  fiery  temper,  over  which  he  had 
no  control. — Shakespeare,  1  JJenry  IV. 
(1597). 

William  Bcnslcy  [1738-1817]  had  the  true  poetic  en- 
thusiasm. .  .  .  None  that  1  remember  possessed  even  a 
portion  of  that  tint-  madness  which  he  threw  out  in 
Hotspur's  fine  rant  about  glory.  His  voice  had  the  dis- 
sonance and  at  times  the  inspiring  efTect  of  the  trumpet. 
— C.  Lamb. 

Hotspur  of  Debate  (The),  lord 
Derby,  called  bv  Macaulay  "  The  Kupert 
of  Debate"  (1799-1869). 

Houd  (1  s;/ 1.),  a  prophet  sent  to 
preach  repentance  to  the  Adites  (2  syl.), 
and  to  reprove  their  king  Shedad  for  his 
pride.  As  the  Adites  and  their  king 
refused  to  hear  the  prophet,  God  sent  on 
the  kingdom  first  a  drought  of  three 
years'  duration,  and  then  the  Sarsar  or 
icy  wind  for  seven  days,  so  that  all  the 
people  perished.  Houd  is  written  "llud" 
li  Sale  s  Koran,  i. 

Then  stood  the  prophet  Houd  and  cried, 
"  Woe  !  woe  to  Irein  I  woe  to  Ad  ! 
Death  is  gone  up  into  her  palaces! 
Woe  I  woe  I  a  day  of  guilt  and  punishment  I 
A  day  of  desolation  ' " 
Bouthey,    Talaba  f/ie   lJcttroy?r,  I.   41   (1787). 


Hough'ton  (Serqeant),  in  Waverley'a 
regiment. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Hounslow,  3ne  of  a  gang  of  thieves 
that  conspire  to  break  into  lady  Bounti- 
ful'shouse. — Farquhar,  T/te  Beaux'  Strata- 
gem (1705). 

Houri,  plu.  Houris,  the  rirgins  of 
paradise  ;  so  called  from  their  large  black 
eyes  (hur  at  oi/un).  According  to  Mo- 
hammedan faith,  an  intercourse  with  these 
lovely  women  is  to  constitute  the  chief 
delight  of  the  faithful  in  the  "world  to 
come." — Al  Koran. 

House  judged  by  a  Brick.  Hie- 
rficles,  the  compiler  of  a  book  of  jests, 
tells  us  of  a  pedant  who  carried  about  a 
brick  as  a  specimen  of  the  house  which 
he  wished  to  sell. 

He  that  tries  to  recommend  Shakespeare  by  select 
•  i 1 1  ■  t . 1 1 1 . . 1 1 s .  will  succeed  like  the  pedant  in  Ilierocles, 
who,  when  he  offered  his  house  to  sale,  carried  a  brick  iu 
his  pocket  as  a  specimen. — Dr.  Johnson,  J'n/ncc  to 
Shakesjtare. 

House  of  Fame,  a  magnificent 
palace  erected  on  a  lofty  mountain  of  ice, 
and  supported  by  rows  of  pillars  on  which 
are  inscribed  the  names  of  illustrious 
poets.  Here  the  goddess  of  fame  sits 
on  a  throne,  and  dispenses  her  capricious 
judgments  to  the  crowd  below  who  come 
to  seek  her  favours. — Chaucer,  House  of 
Fame. 

House  that  Jack  Built  (The),  a 
cumulative  nursery  story,  in  which  every 
preceding  statement  is  repeated  after  the 
introduction  of  a  new  one  ;  thus  : 

1.  \Thu  111  the  house  that  Jack  built 
•J.  |  DWl  is]  the  malt  that  lay  in  .  .  . 
3.  17/iu  i*|  the  r;it  tint  eat  .  .  . 
i.  |  i/ih  l<1  the  cat  that  killed  .  .  . 
6.  I  This  is  J  Uie  dog  that  worried  .  .  . 

6.  [J'hit    ii J  the    cow    with    the  crumpled    born,    that 

tossed  .  .  . 

7.  [  7  hit  it]  the  maiden  all  forlorn,  that  milked  .  .  . 

8.  [Ihis  is\  the  man  all  Uttered  and  torn,  that  kissed  .  .  . 
8.  Tliis  is  the  priest  all  shaven  and  shorn,  that  married  .  .  . 

A  similar  accumulation  occurs  in 
another  nursery  tale,  with  this  difference 
— the  several  clauses  are  repeated  twice : 
once  by  entreaty  of  the  old  woman  to 
perform  some  sen-ice  to  get  her  pig  to 
cross  over  a  bridge  that  she  may  get 
home  ;  and  then  the  reverse  way,  when 
each  begins  the  task  requested  of  them. 
It  begins  with  a  statement  that  an  old 
woman  went  to  market  to  buy  a  pig ; 
theyr  came  to  a  bridge,  which  the  pig 
would  not  go  over,  so  the  old  woman 
called  to  a  stick,  and  said  : 

1.  [Stick,  Hick,  bent  fig,  for]  pig  won't  go  over  the  brldfs, 

and  1  shan't  ^et  home  to-night 

2.  [J  ire,  /i>ej  burn  stick,  sUck  won't  beat  pig  .     • 


HOI'SSAIN. 


467 


1IIM.M1  AXI. 


I     n~<gt*T,  waur)  qoancfa  fire  lira  won't  .  .  . 

4.     <ix.  arl  drink  w.il.r.  »  IUI  Won  1   .   .   . 

i  c.t.  ..i  »    n'l   .   .   . 

I  won't  .   .  . 
t  .  .  . 
;  rut.  rut  w.m't  .   .   . 
Thru  the  rat  bagBn  V'  kill  llio  rat.  and  tho  rat  tx"cmi 
In  tfnaw  the  r.«|H-.  and   I  .   .  etc.,  and  the 

"  hnd„-e.  and  to  tin'  old  woman  gut  homo 
that  night. 

I  •  r.  I>oran  gave  the  following  Hebrew 
"parable"  in  Notes  and  Queries i — 

1.  [7Vifj  it,  the-  kid  tint  iuy  father  bought  for  two  luzlra 

L-4*.J 

9.  \T\v>  u]  thecal  that  rat  .  .  . 
I  (Tail  i  t  .  .  . 

4  |  7>.i.  u   Hi.-  Mick  that  bait  .  .  . 

a  \TKu  It]  tho  lir.-  th.it  hiirnt   .   .   . 

C  \Thu  u\  the  water  that  quenched  .  .  . 

T.  [TkU  ul  the  in  that  drank  .  .   . 

a  (rati  it]  the  butcbar  that  killed  .  .  . 

a  Thu  Is  the  angel,  the  angel  ..f  death,  tliat  slew  .  .  . 

%•  While  correcting  these  proofs,  a 
native  of  South  Africa  informs  me  that 

lie   has  often  heard  the  Kal'us  tell  their 
children  the  same  story. 

Ilous'sain  {Prince),  the  elder  brother 
of  prince  Ahmed.  He  possessed  a  carpet 
of  such  wonderful  powers  that  if  an/ one 
sat  upon  it  it  would  transport  him  in  a 
moment  to  any  place  he  liked.  Prince 
tin  bought  this  carpel  'it  Bisnagar, 
in  India. — Arabian  Nights  ("  Ahmed  and 
Paribanoa  "). 

Tie  wliti  of  the  penman  llto  lilin  tike  prince  Hoimalm 
U|«tr>  In  the  Eastern  fable.— Sir  W    9 

%*  Solomon's  carpet  [q.v. 
me  Locomoth  >■  power. 

Houyhnhnma  [Whm'.inu],  a  race 
of  horses  endowed  with  human  reason, 

irin^  rule  over  the  race  of  man. — 
Swift,  Ovuiver'a  Travels  (1726). 

"Tme.  true.  «v.  i<ki  true,'  rapllad  the  limine,  his 

h.nijhni.'  n|  int. i  an  bjmtarkaj  ki^le. — .sir 

■  <,uy  Uammtrint  ilttlA). 

Howard,  in  the  couri  of  Edward  IV. 
•■'< .  Scott,  Anne  of  Qeierstein  (time, 
ird  iv. j. 

How'atson  (Luckie),  midwife  at 
aOlangowaa. — Sir  W.  Scott,  o'i<y  Mou- 
rn ring  (time,  Geoi  i  II.). 

Howdon    (Mrs.),    saleswoman. — Sir 
■tt,    Heart  of   Midlothian   (lima, 

>  II.). 

Howe  .  the  friend 

Harlowe,  to  whom  she  i  n  jenta  a  strung 

3  le  has  mon  «  orldly  « 
«  ■  ract  | no.  i;  le.     In  |u< 

of  doul  i  e  «  "ill  1 

.  il    solution,    w liiir    » 'larisy  i     «  ^ 

mooning  about  hypothetical  ci 

.ij'.  and    sound   commi 
Hich.i  ,   (1749). 

2\) 


Howcl  or  Hoel,  kin;;  of  Hm  W»*t 

. 
"the  Good."    He  is  ■  very  famoa 

illy  for  his 
oot  the   Howe!  oi    Hoel    of    Arthurian 
romance,  who  was  duke  of  .\ 
the  sixth  century. 

or  Martian.  «■-.   • 

■ 
Ordained  to  r    ■ 

.  /WrofMon.  I  ■ 

Howie 
Bradwardine  (3  syl.)  i 

Sir    W.    Scott,     H';     /•.    . 

Howlag^lass  (Ma 
Friend  of 
Scott,  Peveril  of  the  1  narks 

Howle'glas  (Hdher),  the  ah 
Unreason,  in  th<    i 

quhair  Jir  W.  Scott 

v 1 1 1 in-,  ElizaJ 

Howlegdass  (2  *yl. 
<  I  from  the  herool 
•ok,  popular  in  1 

Kliz;i 

Hoyden 
romping,   country  girl. — Vanbrugh,   1* 

*«,*    This    was    Mr-.  |    ^reat 

character. 

Lftas),  daughter  of  sir 
belly    Clumsy,    a    green,    Ul-edo   i 
country  girl,    living  ni 

I  remised  in  marriage  t    '.■  i  . 
pington,  hut  as  his  lordship  i- 
ally  known  either  by  the  k: 
daughtt  r.  Tom  I  .  ;  .  ■  . 
younger   brother,  paeeea   bin 
lord    1  "i  pington,   is   admittt 
family,   and  man  it 
dan,  .1   /'■  ij 

of  vanbrugh  t 1697),  abridged,  recast,  aud 
hat  modern 

riant  who  '  -i 

■  ■t    the    \\  .  r'.d.  t.i   deVOUT   the 

shape  is  that  of 

:it   of 

his  VI  i 

The  UKiu».:  ' 

£aUa  •/  aawwuaMl  itij  An  Cotlkt). 

::!'ix'l.  I    ■  fnmi 

whose  bit  fail  tin  rime  dmpe  that  • 


HROTHGAR. 


458 


HUBERT. 


morning  bedew  the  earth. — Scandinavian 
Mythology. 

Hrothgar,  king  of  Denmark,  whom 
Beowulf  delivered  from  the  monster 
Grendel.  Hrothgar  built  Heorot,  a  mag- 
nificent palace,  and  here  he  distributed 
rings  (treasure),  and  held  his  feasts  ;  but 
the  monster  Grendel,  envious  of  his  hap- 
piness, stole  into  the  hall  after  a  feast, 
and  put  thirty  of  the  thanes  to  death  in 
their  sleep.  The  same  ravages  were 
repeated  night  after  night,  till  Beowulf, 
at  the  head  of  a  mixed  band  of  soldiers, 
went  against  him  and  slew  him. — Beo- 
vmlf  (an  Anglo-Saxon  epic  poem,  sixth 
century). 

Hry'mer,  pilot  of  the  ship  Nagelfar 
(made  of  the  "nails  of  the  dead"). — Scan- 
dinavian Mythology. 

Hubba  and  Ingwar,  two  Danish 
chiefs,  who,  in  870,  conquered  East  Anglia 
and  wintered  at  Thetford,  in  Norfolk. 
King  Edmund  fought  against  them,  but 
was  beaten  and  taken  prisoner.  The 
Danish  chiefs  offered  him  his  life  and 
kingdom  if  he  would  renounce  Chris- 
tianity and  pay  them  tribute;  but  as  he 
refused  to  do  so,  they  tied  him  to  a  tree, 
shot  at  him  with  arrows,  and  then  cut  off 
his  head.  Edmund  was  therefore  called 
"  St.  Edmund."  Alu'red  fought  seven 
battles  with  Ilubba,  and  slew  him  at 
Abingdon,  in  Berkshire. 

Alured  .  .  . 

In  seven  hrare  foughten  fields  their  champion  Hubba 

cbaaed. 
And  slew  him  In  the  end  at  Abington  [tie]. 

Drayton,  I'olyoWion,  xlL  (1613). 

Hubbard  (Mother).  Mother  Hubbard's 
Tale,  by  Edmund  Spenser,  is  a  satirical 
fable  in  the  style  of  Chaucer,  supposed 
to  be  told  by  an  old  woman  (Mother 
Hubbard)  to  relieve  the  weariness  of  the 
poet  during  a  time  of  sickness.  The  tale 
is  this  :  An  ape  and  a  fox  went  into 
partnership  to  seek  their  fortunes.  They 
resolved  to  begin  their  adventures  as 
eggars,  so  Master  Ape  dressed  himself 
as  a  broken  soldier,  and  Reynard  pre- 
tended to  be  his  dog.  After  a  time  they 
came  to  a  farmer,  who  employed  the  ape 
as  shepherd,  but  when  the  rascals  had 
so  reduced  the  flock  that  detection  was 
certain,  they  decamped.  Next  they  tried 
the  Church,  under  advice  of  a  priest ; 
Reynard  was  appointed  rector  to  a  living, 
and  the  ape  was  his  parish  clerk.  From 
this  living  they  were  obliged  also  to  re- 
move. Next  they  went  to  court  as  foreign 
potentates,  and  drove  a  splendid  business, 
oat  came  to  grief  ere  long.     Iiaetly,  they 


saw  king  Lion  asleep,  his  skin  was  lying 
beside  him,  with  his  crown  and  sceptre. 
Master  Ape  stole  the  regalia,  dressed 
himself  as  king  Lion,  usurped  the  royal 
palace,  made  Reynard  his  chief  minister, 
and  collected  round  him  a  band  of 
monsters,  chiefly  amphibious,  as  his 
guard  and  court.  In  time,  Jupiter  sent 
Mercury  to  rouse  king  Lion  from  his 
lethargy  ;  so  he  awoke  from  sleep,  broke 
into  his  palace,  and  bit  off  the  ape's  tail, 
with  a  part  of  its  ear. 

Since  which,  all  apes  hut  half  their  ears  hare  left. 
And  of  their  tails  are  utterly  bereft. 

As  for  Reynard,  he  ran  away  at  the 
first  alarm,  and  tried  to  curry  favour  with 
king  Lion  ;  but  the  king  only  exposed 
him  and  let  him  go  (1591). 

Hubbard  (Old  Mother)  went  to  her 
cupboard  to  get  a  bone  for  her  dog, 
but,  not  finding  one,  trotted  hither  and 
thither  to  fetch  sundry  articles  for  his 
behoof.  Every  time  she  returned  she 
found  Master  Doggie  performing  some 
extraordinary  feat,  and  at  last,  having 
finished  all  her  errands,  she  made  a  grand 
curtsey  to  Master  Doggie.  The  dog,  not 
to  be  outdone  in  politeness,  made  his 
mistress  a  profound  bow ;  upon  which 
the  dame  said,  "  Your  servant !  "  and  the 
dog  replied,  "  Bow,  wow  J  "  —  Nursery 
Tale. 

Hubble  (Mr.),  wheelwright;  a  tough, 
high-shouldered,  stooping  old  man,  of  a 
sawdusty  fragrance,  with  his  legs  extra- 
ordinarily wide  apart. 

Mrs.  JhMle,  a  little  curly,  sharjr- 
edged  person,  who  held  a  conventionally 
juvenile  position,  because  she  had  married 
Mr.  Hubble  when  she  was  much  younger 
than  he. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Expectation* 
(18G0). 

Hubert,  "the  keeper"  of  young 
prince  Arthur.  King  John  conspired 
with  him  to  murder  the  young  prince, 
and  Hubert  actually  employed  twe 
ruffians  to  burn  out  both  the  boy's  e3'es 
with  red-hot  irons.  Arthur  pleaded  so 
lovingly  with  Hubert  to  spare  his  eyes, 
that  he  relented  ;  however,  the  lad  waf 
found  dead  soon  afterwards,  either  by 
accident  or  foul  play.  —  Shakespeare, 
King  John  (1596). 

%*  This  "Hubert"  was  Hubert  d* 
Burgh,  justice  of  England  and  earl  ol 
Kent. 

One  would  think,  had  it  been  possible,  that  Shake- 
speare, when  ho  made  king  John  excuse  his  intention  of 
perpetrating  the  u*-tlh  of  Arthur  by  his  &  .anient  or 
Hubert'!  bee,  by  which  he  buw  Uio  n«.«-mi  t_  hJe  mind 


BUBERT. 


4,r/J 


HUGH  OF  LIN(.<>[.\. 


had  San.tf"nl  In  Idea,  for  he  ni  rattirr  ili-fr.rmc.1.  and 
I  f.irMddlng  countenance.— C.  Dlbdlo,  llitury 

rt,  an  honest  lord,  in  love  with 

JaVulin  daughter  of  Gerrsrd  king  of  the 

-.  —  Beaumont   and   Fletcher,   The 

:rs'  Uunh  (1622). 

Hubert,  brother  of  prince  Oswald, 
-.  wounded  by  count  Hurgonel  in 
abat  provoked  by  <  ►swald  a 
Gondibert.  his  rival  for  the  loi 
Bhodalind  the  heiress  of  Aribert  king  "f 
Lombardy. — Sir  \V.  Davenant,  Qondtbert 
(died  1668). 

Hubert,  an  archer  in  the  service  of  sir 
Philip    do    lialroisin.  —  Sir    \V.    Scott, 
••  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Hubert  {St.),  patron  Baint  of  huntsmen. 

lie  was  son  of  Bertrand due d'Acqnitaine, 

and  cousin  of  king  Pepin. 

Hucldibras  (Sir),  a  man  "  more 
huge  in  strength  than  wiso  in  works," 
the  suitor  of  lVrissa  (extravagance). — 
Bpenser,  Fairy  Queen,  ii.  2  ('. 

Hudibras,  tho  hero  and  title  of  a 
rhyming  political  satire,  by  B.  Butler.  Sir 
Hudibras  is  a  Presbj  terian  justice  in  the 
Commonwealth,  who  sets  out  with  his 
'squire  ttalph  (an  independent)  to  reform 
abuses,  ana  enforce  the  observance  of  the 
ir  the  suppression  of  popular  sports 
and  amusements  (1663,  1664,  1678  • 

%•  The   0  '  Journal    (1781) 

maintains  that  the  academy  figure  I  I 
Hudibras  was  colonel  Rolle  of  Devon- 
shire, with  whom  the  jm ..-t  lodged  for 
some  time,  and  adds  that  the  name  is 
derived  fr.mi  Hugh  de  Bras,  the  patron 
saint  of  the  county.     Others  say   that 

.:nuel    Luke    was   the   original,    and 
cite  the  following  distich  in   prool 
of:— 

Tli  aunit.  there'i  a  valiant  Hmmalnha, 
In  inrcljn  lands  ,cleued     *     *     [Bit 

Hudiadgo,  a  shah  of  Persia,  suffered 
much  t'roin  sleeplessness,  and  commanded 

!.  his  porter  and  gardener,  to  t'  11 
li  t  in  tahs  to  while  away  the  weary  hours. 

I  declared  himself  wholly  unable  to 
Comply   with    tlii  "I  hell  find 

mmbm  one  w  ho  can,"  -  lid  1  (udjad 

miller  death  fordi  ."On  reach- 

ing home,  greatly  dejected,  be  told  his 

'•' 
motherless,   and   only    II    yean   old,    the 
•hall's     command,     and     she      undertook 

■I  the  stories 
ssaUad  i  dch  not  only 

auiuKo-l    him,     but    cured    him,    und     ho 


married  her. — Conite  de  Caylus,  V 
1713). 

Hudson  (Sir  Oeoffrey),  the   f 
dwarf,  formerly  p  ■    ■  rictta 

Maria,     sir  G  Is  Julian  I 

how  t1  i  i  had  him  enclosed  in  a 

pie  and  brought  to  table.—  Sir  W. 

II.. 

%*    Vandyke    has     immoi 
I  ,■        -  y  by   bis   brush  ;  and   s"iuc   of  his 

-  arc  said  to  be  presu  r\  ed  r 

Dloane'e  museum. 

Hudson   i  Tarn  l,  garni  -      9ta  W. 

ell.). 

Hugh,    blacksmith    at    Ringlebum  ; 
a  friend  of  Hobbie  Elliott,  I 

foot    tanner. — Sir   YV.    - 
(time,  Anne). 

rvant    at     the     Maypole    inn. 
1  iant   in    stature   and    r 

the  "  NO  Po]  'Ty  r 

of  sir  John  Chester  ai  He 

loved  Dolly  Varden,  and  was  very  kind 
t.i  Barnaby  Bud  witted   lad. 

Hugh  was  executed  for  his   | 

in    the    "Gordon    riots.'* — (  .    1 
Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Hugh  count  of  Verxnandoia,  a 
crusader. — sir  \\  . 
Paris  (time,  Bui  d    . 

Hugh  de  Brass  (Mr.),  in  A  } 
Fur,  by  .1.  M.  Morton. 

Hugh  of  Lincoln,  a  bv 
old,  said  to  havi  rtured 

aiul  crucified  by  Jews  in  1255.     1 
of  the  wealthiest  Jews  of  Linen. 

■   !  for  taking  part  i:i  ti. 
the  boy  was  buried  in 

*#*  There  are  m\ era]   d 

Kvuie! 

tory  is  told   in  I 

■  n  Paris.      It  is  the  subject   "f  tin 

Prioress* I  Tale  in  Chaucer,  and  \ 
worth      has     a     modi:  I 

Chaucer's  talc. 

\  told  of  Will 

Norwich,  said    tO    have   been   eruc. 
the  .It    ■ 

Percy,    in     his  hut    ■ 

.  about  a  boy  nam<  a  Hew, 

r    »  i^   "1  id}    IP  '  .  land  " 

l  le  wa  d  bj  an  apple 

him    by    ■  1,    who 

bed    hi  in    with    a 
him  in  lead,  and  ca*t  him  into  ■  well." 

■MtlM  r    b.\    -aid    lo    havt 
ratified    by    the  Jews.     Tho  plac#j 
of  tins  alleged  murdur  wu  l'.achaxach. 


HUGO. 


4G0 


HUMPHREY. 


Hugo,  count  of  Vermandois,  brother 
of  Philippe  I.  of  France,  and  leader  of 
the  Franks  in  the  first  crusade.  Hugo 
died  before  Godfrey  was  appointed 
gcneral-in-chief  of  the  allied  armies  (bk. 
i.),  but  his  spirit  appeared  to  Godfrey 
when  the  army  went  against  the  Holy 
Oitv  (bk.  xviii.). — Tasso,  Jerusalem  De- 
livered (1575). 

Hugo,  brother  of  Arnold ;  very  small 
of  stature,  but  brave  as  a  lion.  He  was 
slain   in  the  faction  fight   stirred  up  by 

Erince  Oswald  against  duke  Gondibert, 
is  rival  in  the  love  of  Rhodalind 
daughter  and  only  child  of  Aribert  king 
of  Lombardy. 

Of  stature  small,  but  was  all  orer  heart, 
Ai  i.l  tliu'  unhappy,  all  t )  ■  a  I  heart  wiib  love. 

Sir  w.  Dwanaat,  OomdUtrt,  L  l  (.lic-a  1G68). 

Hugo,  natural  son  of  Azo  chief  of  the 
house  of  Este  (2  syl.)  and  IJianca,  who 
died  of  a  broken  heart,  because,  although 
a  mother,  she  was  never  wed.  Hugo 
was  betrothed  to  Parisina,  bnt  his  father, 
not  knowing  it,  made  Panama  Ins  own 
bride.  One  night  Azo  heard  Parisina 
in  her  sleep  confess  her  love  foi  Hngo, 
and  the  angry  marquis  ordered  his  son  to 
be  beheaded.  What  became  of  Panama 
"none  knew,  and  none  can  ever  know." 
— Byron,  1'arisinn  (I81ti). 

Hugo  Hugonet,  minstrel  of  the 
earl  of  Douglas. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Hugon  (King),  the  great  nursery 
ogre  of  France. 

Huguenot  Pope  (The).  Philippe 
rle  Mr  may,  the  great  supporter  of  the 
French  huguenots,  is  called  Le  Pope  des 
Huguenots  (1649-1623). 

*#*  Of  course,  Philippe  de  Momay 
\rw  not  one  of  the  "  popes  of  Pome." 

Huguenots  (Les),  an  opera  by 
Meyerbeer  (183ti).  The  subject  of  this 
opera  is  the  massacre  of  the  French 
huguenots  or  protestants,  planned  by 
Catherine  de  Medicis  on  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's Day  (August  '24,  1572),  during 
the  wedding  festivities  of  her  daughter 
Marghcrita  (Marguerite)  and  Henri  le 
Bearnais  (afterwards  Henri  IV.  of 
France). 

Hul'sean  Lectures,  certain  ser- 
mons preached  at  Great  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Cambridge,  and  paid  for  by  a 
fuud,  the  gift  of  the  Rev.  John  Hulse, 
of  Cheshire,  in  1777. 

».*  Till  the  year   18G0,  the  Hulsean 


Lecturer  was  called  "  The  Christian  Ad- 
vocate." 

Humber  or  Humbert,  mythical 
kin.;  of  the  Huns,  who  invaded  Kngland 
during  the  reign  of  Locrin,  some  1000 
years  n.C.  In  his  llight,  he  was  drowned 
in  the  river  Alms,  which  has  ever  since 
been  called  the  Humber. —  Geoffrey, 
British  History,  ii.  2  ;  Milton,  History  of 
Kngland. 

The  ancient  Britons  yet  a  sceptred  king  obeyed 

Three   hundred  years   before   Koine's  great    foundation 

Aii'l  bad  n  thousand  years  an  empire  strongly  stood 

1  tu  her  shores  lure  rt  I       I  I  J  the  circling  flood  ; 
Ami  tons  Itforc  borne  arms  ti^aii^t  the  tiarliarous  liun, 
Here  landing  with  intent  the  lAe  to  overrun ; 
And,  following  them   in  flight,  their  general  Humbe.rd 

drowned. 
In  that  ureal  arm  of  sea  by  his  great  name  renowned. 
Dot/too,  I'vl^vMion,  tin.  (1611) ;  see  also  uruX 

Humgud'geon  (Grace-be-here),  a 
corporal   m   Cromwell's   troop. — Sir   W. 

Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Humm  (Anthony),  chairman  of  the 
11  Brick  Lane  Branch  of  the  United  Grand 
Junction  Ebenesex  Temperance  Associa- 
tion."— C.  Dickens,  The  1'ickwick  Papers 
(1886). 

Humma,  a  fabulous  bird,  of  which 
it  was  said  that  "  the  head  over  which 
the  shadow  of  its  wings  passes  will 
assuredly  wear  a  crown." — Wilkes,  South 
of  India,  v.  488. 

Ivlike  he  thinks 
The  humma'.-  happy  wings  have  shadowed  him. 
And,  Uierefore,  Kate  wiih  rovaity  must  crowu 
His  chosen  html. 

boutbev.  Roderick,  etc..  xxlli.  (1814). 

Humorous  Lieutenant  {The),  the 
chief  character  and  title  of  •  comedy  by 
Beaumont   and    Fletcher    (1647).     The 

lieutenant  has  no  name. 

Humpback  [The).    Andrea  Bola'ri, 

the  Italian  painter,  was  called  Del  GoObo 
(1470-1527). 

Qeron'imo  Amelun^hi  was  also  oalled 

II  Gobbo  di  Pita  (sixteenth  century). 

Humphrey    (Master),    the    h\  po- 

thetical     compiler    of    the    tale    entitled 
"  Barnabv  Pudge  "  in  Master  Humphrey's 

Clock,  by" Charles  Dickens  (1840). 

Humphrey  (Old),  pseudonym  of  George 
Mogriage. 

*«,*  George  Mogridge  has  also  issued 
several  books  under  the  popular  name  of 
"  Peter  Parley,"  which  was  first  assumed 
by  B.  G.  Goodrich,  in  1828.  Several 
publishers  of  high  standing  have  con- 
descended to  palm  books  on  the  public 
under  this  noin  de  plume,  some  written  by 


HUMPHREY. 


401 


IHNT'kED-HAXDED. 


William  Martin,  and  others  by  persons 
wholly  unknown 

Humphrey  (The good  duke),  Humphrey 
Plantagenet,  duke  of  Gloucester,  youngest 
son  of  Henry  IV.,  murdered  in  11 16. 

Humphrey  (To  dine  with  duke),  to  go 
without  dinner.  To  stay  behind  in  St. 
Paul's  aisles,  under  pretence  of  finding 
out  the  monument  of  duke  Humphrey, 
while  others  more  fortunate  go  home  to 
dinner. 

%*  It  was  really  the  monument  of  John 
Beauchamp  that  the  "  dinnerless  "  hung 
about,  and  not  that  of  duke  Humphrey. 
John  Beauchamp  died  in  1359,  and  duke 
Humphrey  in  1446. 

A  similar  phrase  is,  "To  be  the  guest 
of  the  cross-legged  knights,"  meaning 
the  stone  effigii-s  in  the  Round  Church 
(London).  Lawyers  at  one  time  made 
this  church  the  rendezvous  of  their 
clients,  and  here  a  host  of  dinnerless 
vagabonds   used   to  loiter  about,    in    the 

?,ope  of  picking  up  a  job  which  would 
urnish  them  with  the  means  of  getting  a 
dinner. 

"To  dine  or  sup  with  sir  Thomas 
Gresham  "  means  the  same  tiling,  the 
Koyal  Exchange  being  at  (me  time  the 
gre.at,  lounge  of  idlers. 

Tim'  little  coin  tliy  panelesa  packet!  line, 

Fet  with  great  compaiij  thou  art  taken  op; 
i\ir  often  wnli  duke  Humphrey  thou  daet  dine. 
Ami  often  with  Mr  Thomas  Graham  nip. 
H.i>n::in.  IjiUdlibat  (epigram  on  .1 1  Afar,  1C2S). 

Huncamunca  (Princess),  daughter 
of  king  Arthur  and  queen  Dollallolla, 
beloved  by  lord  Grizzle  ami  Tom  Thumb. 
The  king  promises  her  in  marriage  t"  the 
11  pigmy    giant-queUer."      Huncamunca 

kills  Prizaletta  "  tor  killing  her  mamma." 

But  Frizaletta  killed  the  queen  lor  killing 
her  sweetheart  Noodle,  and  the  queen 
killed  Noodle  because  he  was  the  messen- 
ger of  ill  news. — Tom  Z7iumo,  by  Fielding 

the  novelist  (1730),  altered  by  O'llara, 
Author  of  Midas  (177s). 

Hunchback   (The),      Master   Walter 

hunchback"  was  the  guardian  of 

Julia,  and  brought  her  up  in  the  country, 

braining  her  most  strictly  in  knov 
and  goodness.  When  grown  to  woman- 
hood, she  was  introduced  to  sir  Thomas 
Clifford,  and  they  plighted  their  troth  to 
tach  other.  Then  came  a  change.  <  llifford 
is  title  in  id  estates,  while  Julia  went 
to  London,  became  a  votary  of  fashion 
and   pleasure,   abandoned    Clifford,   and 

tiomued   marriage   to    Wilford    earl   of 
de.     I  he  day  of  espousals  came. 
Tbfl    love  of   Julia  for  Clifford    " 


and  she  implored  her  guardian  to  break 
Off     the      obnoxious     ii,  ;  Ifeartqw 

Walter  now   showed   himself  to  be  the 

earl  of  Rochdale,  and  the  father  of  Julia; 
the  marriage  with  Wilford  fell  through, 
and  Julia  became  tie-  wife  of  *\r  Thomas 
Clifford.— S.  Know 

%*   Similarly,  Maria  "the  maid 
Oaks"  was  brought  up  by  Oldworth  hj 
his  ward,  but  was   in   reality   bis   mother- 
less child. — J.  Burgoyne,  The  Maid  of  tU* 
Oaks. 

Hunchback  (Ttie  Little),  the  buffoon  of 
the  sultan  of  Casgar.  Supping  with  a 
tailor,  the  little  fellow  was  killed  by  a 
hone  sticking  in  his  throat.  The  tailor, 
out  of  fear,  carried  the  body  to  the  house 
of  a  physician,  and  the  physician,  stum- 
bling againBt  it,  knocked  it  downstairs. 
Thinking  he  had  killed  the  man,  he  let 
the  body  down  a  chimney  into  the 

room  of  his  neighbour,  who  was  a  pur- 
veyor, 'lhe  purveyor,  supposing  it  to  be 
a  thief,  belaboured  it  soundly  ;  and  then, 

thinking  he  had    killed    the   little  hump- 
back, carried  the  body  into  !!■• 
set  it  against  a  wall.     A  Christian   Mer- 
chant, reeling  home,  Btumbled  against  the 
body,  and  gave   it  a   blow    with    his    tist. 

Just  then  the  patrol  cameup,  and  arrested 

the  merchant  tor  murder.     He  wat 

demned  to  death  ;  hut  the  purveyor  came 
forward  and  accused  himself  of  iieiug  the 
real    offender.       The     merchant    v. . 

cordingly    released,    and    the    put 

condemned   to  death  ;   but    then   !::• 
siciau   appeared,    and    .-aid    he    had 

the   man   by  accident,   having    knocked 

him     downstairs.       When    the     purveyor 

was  released,  and  the  physician  led  awaj 

to    execution,  the   tailor    Stepped    up,  and 

told  his  tale.     All  were  then  taken 

the  sultan,  and  acquitted  ;  and  the  sultan 

ordered   the  case  to  he  enrolled  in  the 

archives    of    his    kingdom    amongst    the 
.    ft  ('•  The 

Lit!  le  Hunchback  "). 

11  nndebert,  tb  ward  to   Cedrie   of 

:  u I.—  Sir  W.  Scott,  (vamkoe. 

Hundred  Fights    //•    ■  o   a  .  Conn, 

son  of  Cor  mac  km.;  of   Inland.      failed 

in  I rish  ■•  t  onn  bteadcahagh." 
Arthur  Wellesley  lord  Wellington! 

Por  ik 

ii,   ■ 

■  iisn. 

Admiral   Horatio  lot 

Hundred-Handed    FJ       B  i 

(I  «yl.)   or  JSgason,   with    his    brothers 


HUNDWOLF. 


462 


HUON  DE  BORDEAUX. 


Gyges  and   Kottos,   were    all    hundred- 
handed  giants. 

Homer  makes  Briareos  4  syl.  ;  but 
Shakespeare  writes  it  in  the  Latin  form, 
*'  Briareus,"  and  makes  it  3  syl. 

Then,  called  by  tliec,  the  monster  Titan  came, 
Whom  gods  Briareos,  men  A'.w? m  name. 

Pope,  Iliad,  1  (1715). 

He  la  a  gouty  Briareus.     Many  hands. 
And  of  no  use. 
Shakesoearo,  Troilut  and  Oretrlda,  act  I.  sc  2  (1602). 

Hundwolf,  steward  to  the  old  lady 
©f  Baldringhain.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
tietrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Hungarian  (An),  one  half-starved, 
one  suffering  from  hunger. 

He  Is  bide-hound  ;  ho  Is  aii  Hungarian.— Howell,  Bng- 
Uth  Proverbt  (1660). 

Hunia'des  (4  syl.),  called  by  the 
Turks  "The  Devil."  He  was  surnamed 
'*  Corvinus,"  and  the  family  crest  was  a 
crow  (1400-1456). 

The  Turks  employed  the  name  of  Hunladcs  to  frighten 
their  perverse  children.  He  was  corruptly  called  "  Jiwicus 
Lain."— Gibbon,  Decline  and  fall,  etc.,  xll.  166  (1776-8S). 

Hunsdon  (Lord),  cousin  of  queen 
Elizabeth.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Hunter  (Mr,  and  Mrs.  Leo),  persons 
who  court  the  society  of  any  celebrity, 
and  consequently  invite  Mr.  Pickwick 
and  his  three  friends  to  an  entertainment 
in  their  house.  Mrs.  Leo  Hunter  wrote 
an  "  Ode  to  an  Expiring  Frog,"  con- 
sidered by  her  friends  a  most  masterly 
?;rformance. — C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick 
apers  (1836). 

Can  I  view  thee  panting,  lying 
On  thy  sUmuich.  without  sighing; 
Can  1  un'inovcd  see  thee  djmg 
On  a  log,  expiring  frog ! 

Say,  have  fiends  In  shape  of  boys, 
Willi  wild  halloo,  ami  brutal  noise. 
Hunted  thee  from  marshy  joys. 
With  a  dog,  expiring  frog  I 

Ch.  xr. 

Hunter  ( The  Mighty),  Nimrod ;  so  called 
in  Gen.  x.  9. 

Proud  Nimrod  first,  the  bloody  chase  [tear]  began, 
A  mighty  hunter,  and  his  prey  was  man. 

Pope,  Windtar  Furett  (1713). 

Huntingdon  (Robert  earl  of),  gene- 
rally called  "Robin  Hood."  In  1601 
Anthony  Munday  and  Henry  Chettle 
produced  a  drama  entitled  The  Downfall 
of  Hubert  Earl  of  Huntingdon  (attributed 
often  to  T.  Hey  wood).  Ben  Jonson 
began  a  beautiful  pastoral  drama  on  the 
Bubjectof  Robin  Hood  (  The  Sad  Shepherd 
or  A  Talc  of  Robin  Hood),  but  left  only 
two  acts  of  it  when  he  died  (lt>37).  We 
have  also  Hob  in  Hood  and  i/w  Crew  of 


Souldiers,  a  comedy  acted  at  Nottingham, 
and  printed  1661  ;  Rubin  Hood,  an  opera 
(1730).  J.  Ritson  edited,  in  1795,  Robin 
Hood:  a  Collection  of  Poems,  Songs,  and 
Ballads  relative  to  that  Celebrated  English 
Outlaw. 

Huntin/jdon  (The  earl  of),  in  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenil- 
worth (time,  Elizabeth). 

Huntingdon  (David  earl  of),  prince 
royal  of  Scotland.  He  appears  first  as 
sir  Kenneth  knight  of  the  Leopard,  and 
afterwards  as  Zohauk  the  Nubian  slave. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (tim«, 
Richard  I.). 

Huntingdon  Sturgeon  and  God- 
manchester  Hogs. 

During  a  very  high  flood  In  the  meadows  betweet 
HunUugdon  and  Godmanchester,  something  was  seen 
floating,  which  the  Godmanchester  people  thought  was  a 
black  hog,  and  the  Huntingdon  folk  declared  was  > 
sturgeon.  When  rescued  from  the  waters,  it  proved  to  be 
a  young  donkey.— Lord  Braybrooke  IPepys,  Diary,  May 
■a,  VMS. 

Huntinglen  (The  earl  of),  an  old 
Scotch  nobleman. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 

of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Huntly  ( The  marquis  of),  a  royalist. 
— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Huon,  a  serf,  secretary  and  tutor  of 
the  countess  Catherine,  with  whom  he 
falls  in  love.  He  reads  with  music  in 
his  voice,  talks  enchantingly,  writes 
admirably,  translates  "  dark  languages," 
is  "  wise  in  rare  philosophy,"  is  master 
of  the  hautboy,  lute,  and  viol,  "  proper  in 
trunk  and  limb  and  feature;"  but  the 
proud  countess,  though  she  loves  him, 
revolts  from  the  idea  of  marrying  a  serf. 
At  length  it  comes  to  the  ears  of  the  duke 
that  his  daughter  loves  Huon,  and  the 
duke  commands  him,  on  pain  of  death, 
to  marry  Catherine,  a  freed  serf.  He 
refuses,  till  the  countess  interferes ;  he 
then  marries,  and  rushes  to  the  wars. 
Here  he  greatly  distinguishes  himself, 
and  is  created  a  prince,  when  he  learns 
that  the  Catherine  he  has  wed  is  not 
Catherine  the  freed  serf,  but  Catherine  the 
countess. — S.  Knowles,  Love  (1840). 

Huon  de  Bordeaux  (Sir),  who 
married  Esclairmond,  and,  when  Oberon 
went  to  paradise,  succeeded  him  as  "king 
of  all  Faery." 

In  the  second  part,  Huon  visits  the 
terrestrial  paradise,  and  encounters  Cain, 
the  first  murderer,  in  performance  of  his 
penance. — Huon  de  Bordeaux. 

***  An  abstract  of  this  romance  if  in 


HUK  AL  OYUN. 


468   HVl'l.i:  AI.I  KUAN  BSHAUDEB. 


Dunlop's  Hist  in/   of   I  Bee  also 

Keightlev's  Fairy  Mythology.  It  is  also 
the  subject  <>f  wieland's  Oberon,  which 
has  been  translated  by  Sotheby. 

Hur  al  Oyun,  the  black-eyed 
daughters  nf  paradise,  created  <>(  pare 
musk.  They  arc  tree  from  all  bodily 
weakness,   and   arc  ever  young.      Every 

believer  will  liave  seventy-two  of  these 
girls    as    his  household   companions    in 

jiaradi.se,  and  those  who  desire  children 
vill  see  them  grow  to  maturity  in  an 
hour. — Al  Koran,  Sale's  notes. 

Hurgonel  (Count),  the  betrothed  of 
Orna  sister  of  duke  Gondibert. — Sir  Win. 
Davenant,  QoMJHbert,  iii.  1  (died  1668). 

Hurlo-Thrumbo,  a  burlesque  which 
had  an  extraordinary  run  at  the  llaymar- 
ket  Theatre. — Samuel  Johnson  [not  Dr. 
S.  Johnson),  JIurlo-Thrw/Jx>  or  The 
Supernatural  (1730).  • 

l-  n-i'lir.  tlien,  before,  like  Hurlo-Tlininilio. 

You  aim  >.mr  dull  at  any  cxead  on  earth. 

That,  by  the  simple  accident  of  birth, 
You  uiajlil  have  been  liujli  pdatt  ly  MlHllbo-Jlllnbo. 

Huwi. 

Hurry,  sen-ant  of  Oldworth  of  ( )ld- 

worth  Oaks.     He  is  always  out.  of  breath, 

wholly  unable  to   keep  quiet   or    stand 

still,  and  proves  the  truth  oi  the  proverb. 
"The  more  haste  the  worse  speed."  lie, 
fancies  everything  must  go  wrong  if  he  is 
not  bustling  about,  and  he  is  a  constant 
fidget. — J.    Uurgoyne,    The  Maid  of  the 

Poor  Weston  I    "Hunr'ni  putt,  and 

ii  from  n-.il  Ufa,     i   need   u  <  tail   U 
r  thin  Keiiuiuo   representor  of  nnturu.  tlutt  In 
be  three   tbe  analeui  -if  mirth 

without  niuacle of  bia  (uaturue  I17S 

nia*. 

Hurtali,  a  giant  who  reigned  in  the 
time  of  the  flood. 

Bm  Maawwati  affirm  that  llurtall.  baUuj  too 
Int..  til.-  irk,  al  utride iii-.ii  it.  m children stride ■  wuudcu 
ijrucl.  n.  L 

(Hinage  says  that  the  rabbins  assert 

that    it    «a^    Og,    DOt     llurtall,    who    thus 

outrode  the  l'l 1. — See  Le  lvilctier,  chap. 

xxv.  of  his  Noah'i 

Hush   . .  .),  in  Dryden's  satire 

phel,  is  Hyde  earl 

i .    As   Hushai   was    I  lavid's 

friend    and  arise    C  OH  as    11  \  .le 

the  friend  and  arise  COUUSI  Uor  of   Charles 

II.     As  the  oounsel  of  Hushai  r.  . 
abortive  that  of  Achitophel,  and  caused 
the  plot  of  Absalom  to  miscarry,  so  tbe 

:  Ij  .le  rendered  abortivi 
of  lord  Shaftesbury,  ami  caused  the  plot 
oi  Uonim  irry. 


Hu-h»:  •  Hatnwi 

In  uubl  fiilli—  - 

Ami  Joined  >i|<:i.  d  troth. 

...   ,Jfl.  L  (16811. 

Uut'choon,    tho    uuld    domestic    in 
rm-  Willi 

III.). 
Hufcheon,  one  of  Julian 

tainers.— Sir    W.    Seott,     Th 

(tune,  Elizabeth). 
Hutin  (/.•),  Louis  X.  of  1  rai 

called  from  his  expedition  against  the 
Hutins,  a  seditious  people  oi  Navarre  and 
Lyonj  (1289,  1814-1816). 

Hy'acinth,  son  of  Amyclas  the 
Spartan  king.  He  was  playing  quoita 
with  Apollo,  when  the  wind  drove  the 
quoit  of  the  bud 

head,  and   killed  him  on  the  I 
the  blood  grew  the  flower  called  h\  B 
which  I  .  ••  ai  : 

ai  !  "  ("alas !  alas  | "). — Grecian  . 

Hyacinthe  (\\  ay/.),  the  daug] 
■ 
Tarentum   under  I 
Pandolphe   (2  syl.  .      W 
Tarentum,  In-  left  behind  him  his  a 
<  r    Hyacinthe.      •  rctave   (2 
son  of  :  *<//.)  fell  in  lo\- 

Hyacinthe  (supposing  her  ramami 
i  .  and  » rctave's^father  ■■• 

him  to  marry  the   daughter  of  his  friend 

Beigneur  Ueronte.    The  young  man 

imt  Listen  to  his  father.  ■■   1  thai 

Hyacinthe,  and    Hyacinthe  alone,  - 

be  ins  wife,     it  was  then  i 

him   that   Hyacinthe   Pandolj 
same    peTSOO   U    Hyacinthe   UerODtC 
that  the  choice  of   father  aim 
exact  accord.      MolieR,    I 

• 
(in    . 

sion   of  this  play,   Hyacintl  > 

- 
( rctave  is  Anglicized  Into  "  < 

i 
celebrated     pulpit    orator 

). 

11  v    Hrasail,  tiu    i  Liid  of 

■ 
That  l 

■. 

by   Harry  u. 

llytUr  All  Khan  BehaWdi 
nawaa 


HYDRA. 


464 


HYRCAN  TIGER. 


the  sheik  Hal:.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Sur- 
geon's Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Hydra  or  Dragon  of  the  Hesperian 
grove.  The  golden  apples  of  the  Hes- 
perian field  were  guarded  by  women  called 
the  Hesperides,  assisted  by  the  hydra  or 
dragon  named  Ladon. 

Her  flowery  store 
To  thco  nor  Temp*  shall  refuse,  nor  watch 
Of  winged  hydra  guard  Hesperian  fruit* 
From  thy  free  spoil. 
Ak.  aside,  Pleataret  of  Imagination,  I.  (1744). 

Hy'dromel  properly  means  a  mix- 
ture of  honey  and  water;  but  Mrs. 
Browning,  in  her  Drama  of  Exile,  speaks 
of  a  "mystic  hydromel,"  which  cor- 
responds to  the  classic  nectar  or  drink  of 
the  immortals.  This  "mystic  hydromel" 
was  given  to  Adam  and  Eve,  and  held 
them  "immortal"  as  long  as  they  lived 
in  Eden,  but  when  they  fell  it  was 
poured  out  upon  the  earth. 

Mnd]  now  our  riulit  hand  bath  no  cup  remaining  .  .  . 
[/'orj  the  mystic  Imlromel  Is  split. 

E.  B.  Browning.  A  Drama  of  ExiU  (1850). 

Hydropsy,  personified  by  Thomson  : 

On  limbs  enormous,  but  withal  unsound. 
8oft-8woln  ami  who.  hare  lay  pale  Hydropsy,— 
Unwieldy  man  ;  with  belly  munstrous  round. 
Forever  led  with  watery  supply, 
For  still  he  drank,  and  yet  was  ever  dry. 

Cattle  of  Indolence.  L  75  (174S). 

Hymbercourt  (Baron  tf),  one  of 
the  duke  of  Burgundy's  officers. — Sir  W, 
Scott,  Qitentin  Durward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Hymen,  god  of  marriage ;  the  per- 
sonification of  the  bridal  song  ;  marriage. 

Till  Hymen  brought  his  lore-delighted  hour, 
There  dwelt  no  Joy  In  Bden'i  rosy  l>ower  .  .  . 
The  world  was  sad,  the  garden  was  a  wild, 
And  man,  the  hermit,  ngbad — till  woman  smiled. 
Campbell,  J'leaturet  of  llo/e,  1L  (17M9). 

Hymettus,  a  mountain  in  Attica, 
noted  for  honey. 

And  the  brown  bees  of  Hymettus 
Make  their  honey  not  so  sweet. 

Mrs.  Browning,  II  in*  ofCypntt,  7. 

Hyndman  (Master),  usher  to  the 
council-chamber  at  Ilolyrood. — Sir  W, 
Scott,  The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Hyperi'on,  the  sun.  His  parents 
were  Caelum  and  Teilus  (heaven  and  earth). 
Strictly  speaking,  he  was  the  father  of 
the  sun,  but  Homer  uses  the  word  for  the 
sun  itself. 

When  the  might 
Of  Hyperion  from  his  noon-tide  throne 
Unbends  their  languid  pinions  (I.e.  of  the  tcimiiX 

Akenside,  llymn  to  the  Naiad*  (1767). 

(Shakespeare    incorrectly    throws    the 

accent  on  the  second  syllable:  "Hyper'ion 

to  a  satyr"  (Hamlet,  act  i.  sc.  2).    In  this 

lmobt  all  English  poets  have  erred  with 


Shakespeare  ;  but  Akenside  accents  tha 
word  correctly,  and  in  Fuimus  Troes  w« 
have : 

Blow,  gentle  Africus, 
Flay  on  our  poops,  when  Hyperion's  son 
Shall  couch  in  west.  (1633). 

Placat  equo  Persi*  radlis  Hyperione  cinctum. 

Ovid,  r'oiti,  L  385.) 

*+*  Keats  has  left  the  fragment  of  a 
poem  entitled  Hyperion,  of  which  Byron 
says :  "  It  seems  inspired  by  the  Titans, 
and  is  as  sublime  as  ^Eschylus." 

Hypnos,  god  of  sleep,  brother  of 
Oneiros  (dreams)  and  Thanatos  (death). 

In  every  creature  that  breathes,  from  the  conqueror 
resting  on  a  field  of  blood,  to  the  nest-bird  i-radled  In  it! 
bod  of  leaves,  Hypnos  holds  a  sovereignty  which  nothing 
mortal  can  long  resist. — Ouida,  foUe-farine,  iii.ll. 

Hypochondria,  personified  by 
Thomson : 

And  mo|>lng  here,  did  Hypochondria  lit. 
Mother  of  spleen,  In  robes  of  various  dye  .  •  . 
And  some  her  frantic  deemed,  no. I  some  her  deemed  a  wrt. 
Cattle  of  Indolence,  L  75  (1748). 

Hypocrisy  is  the  homage  which  vica 
renders  to  virtue. 

L'hypocrisie  est  un  liommngeque  le  vice  rend  a  lavertn. 

— Kocricfoucauld. 

Hyp'ocrite  (The),  Dr.  Cantwell  in 
the  English  comedy  by  Isaac  Bickerstaff, 
and  TartulFe  in  the  French  comedy  by 
Moliere.  He  pretends  to  great  sanctity, 
but  makes  his  "  religion "  a  mere  trade 
for  getting  money,  advancing  his  worldly 
prospects,  and  for  the  better  indulgence 
of  his  sensual  pleasures.  Dr.  Cantwell  is 
made  the  guest  of  sir  John  Lambert  (in 
French,  "  Urgon"),  who  looks  on  him  as  a 
saint,  and  promises  him  his  daughter  in 
marriage  ;  but  his  mercenary  views  and 
his  love-making  to  lady  Ijimbert  being 
at  length  exposed,  sir  John  forbids  him 
to  remain  in  the  house,  and  a  tipstaff 
arrests  him  for  a  felonious  fraud  (lTGtf). 

Hyp'ocrites  (The).  Abdallah  ibn 
Obba  and  his  partisans  were  so  called  by 
Mahomet. 

Hyp'ocrites  (The  prince  of),  Tiberiua 
Caesar  (h.c.  42,  14  to  a.d.  37). 

Hyppolito.    (See  Hiitolytus.) 

Hyrcan  Tiger.  Hyrcania  is  in  Asia 
Minor,  south-east  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Bouillet  says :  "  Ce  pays  e'tait  tout  entourd 
de  montagnes  remplies  de  tigres." 

Restore  thy  fierce  and  cr.  el  mind 
To  Hlrcan  tigres  and  to  ruthless  bears. 

Daniel.  SonneU  (UM). 
Approach  thou  like  the  Russian  bear, 
The  armed  rhinoceros,  or  the  Hyrejin  tiger  ;' 
r.ike  »i>>  form  hot  that,  and  my  firm  nerve* 
Eha)    uev.r  tremble. 

Slukesputre,  ilaclxth.  act  ill.  sc  6  11606). 


IACHIMO. 


4G5 


I  DEN. 


Iachimo  \Yak'  .i.mo],  an  Italian  liber- 
tine. When  Posthu'mus,  the  husband  of 
Imogen,  was  banished  f>>r  marrying  the 
kings  daughter,  he  wont  to  Komi 
in  the  bouse  <>f  Philario  the  conversation 
f.  11  on  the  fidelity  of  wives.  Posthumu* 
bet  a  diamond  ring  that  nothing  could 
change  the  fidelity  of  [mogen,  and 
Iachimo  accepted  the  wager.  The  liber- 
tine contrived  to  get  into  a  chest  in 
Imogen's  chamber,  made  himself  mister 
of  certain  details,  and  took  away  with 
him  a  bracelet  belonging  to  Imogen. 
With  these  vouchers,  Iachimo  easily  |  n  r- 
luaded  Posthumus  that  he  had  won  the 
b«t,  and  Posthumus  banded  over  to  bim 
the  ring.  A  battle  subsequently  ensued, 
in  which  Iachimo  and  other  Romans, 
with  Imogen  disguised  as  a  page,  were 
made  prisoners,  and  brought  before  kin^ 
Cymbeline.  [mogen  was  set  free,  and 
told  to  ask  a  boon,  she  asked  that 
iachimo  might  be  compelled  to  say  how- 
he  came  by  the  ring  which  he  had  on  his 
finger,  and  the  whole  villainy  was  brought 
to  Light.  PoSthumnS  was  pardoned,  and 
all  ended  happily. — Shakespeare,  Cjjmbe- 
L605). 

%*  The  talc  of  Cymbeline  is  from  the 
Decameron  of  Boccaccio  (day   ii.   '.'),  in 

which     Iachimo    is     called     "Ambrose," 

Imogen  is  "  Zineura,"  her  husband  Ber- 
nard "  Lomellin,"  and  Cymbeline  is  the 

"sultan."  The  assumed  name  of  Imo- 
gen is  "  Fideld,"  but  in  Boccaccio  it  is 
"  Sicurano  da  Finale." 

Ia'go  (2  or  :5  si/l.),  ancient  of  Othello 
commander  of  the  Venetian  army,  and 
husband  of  Emilia,     la:;.'  bated  I  ' 
both  because  Casaio  (a    Florentine)  was 

promoted  to  the  lieutenancy  over  his  head, 
ami  also  from  a  suspicion  that  the  Moor 
bad  tampered  with  his  wife  ;  but  he  Con- 
cealed  hlS  hatred  so  artfully  that  Othello 

onfldent  of  his  "  love  and  honesty." 

ether    such  a  mass  of 

circumstantial   c.  ideiioo   1:1  proof   'I     D< 

di  mona's  l<  at  th<   M     1 

killed    her   out     of    jealousy.      One    mam 

argument  was  that  1  lesdenn 

■     the     very     hundkerchief     which 
o  had  given  her  a^  a  lo\  c  gifl  ;  bul 

had      induced     bis     wife 

Emilia  to  purloin  the  handkerchief. 
When  this  villainy  was  r  rough!  to  Light, 
■  ahellu   stabbed    [ago;    but    Ids   a  to  I 


death   is   no   incident   of  the  tragedy. — 
,  Ot/u-ltu  (101  lj. 

nt  In  hl»  r*- 

■ 

■        «.        -TBI 

■kill  In  human  nature  »•  It  wuuU  be  >.un  to  acck  tu  an» 
modern  »r.t/r.— Dr,  Johnaoa. 

%*  Byron,  speaking  of  John  I".  Kem- 
ble,  says:  "Was  ret  his  •  [as 
— particularly  the  but  Look  V 

to  him,  and  I  never  saw  an  English  coun- 
tenance half  so  e  i 

Iambic  Verse  [The  Father  of), 
Achil'ochos  of  Paros  (u.u.  714-676). 

Ianthe    (8  *'/'•),    in    The    Siege   of 

.  by  sir  William  l>avcnant. 
Mr*.  Belief tou  m  called  "Ian  the"  bj  I'-pv.  in  hU 

i.  frmt 
I  i.nOjed 

ber   "  >w  —  W.   0. 

Kussell,  H<-pre*cntativc  .: 

Ian' the  (3  tyL),  to  whom  lord  Byroa 

dedicated     hit  '.     was     lady 

Charlotte    llarlov,  who    Was    only    eleven 

years  old  at  the  time 

Ibe'ria'B    Pilot,    Chrisi 
Iambus.     Spain  is  called  "Iberia  I 

the   Spaniards  the  "  Ibe'ri."    The         r 
is  a  corrupt  form  of  the  Latin  word 
Ibe'rus. 

Launched  wit!  sm  the  Bleep, 

To  voridj  unknown,  en  I 
Campbell.  r« 

Iblis  ("dsspasr"),  called  A/a'/il  before 
he  was  cast  out  of  heaven.     He  l 
to  pay  homage  to  Adam,  and  was  i 
by  God.  —At  Kordn, 

"  We  Created  y-.ni.  unit  ftftrrw.ir.t.  [..mirM  )."'■  lO'l  «M 

worsbipp  !':"  I'tm 

'■  wii.it  hindered  vi  '■■        -  I 

commanded  it?  : 
than  be,     l!i    n  '    . 

. 
.;  )v  one  of  the  i 

Ib'rahim  or    L'lllust  n'    Basso, 
an  heroic  romanc* 
(1641). 

Ico'ni  (8  sy/.),  the  people  of  Suffolk, 
Norfolk,  Cambridgeshire,  and  Hunting- 
donshire.    Their  metr 

rd      of 

Cirence 

IrtepaMI 

Til-ili:i.     Venus  Le  1      from 

/  town  in  Cypi  he  was) 

. 

Iden    (.1  ire  of 

rho  slew  .lack  Cade  tlic  rebel,  and 
•  the  bead  to  kin.;  Hi  nry  VI., 
wh:.  g  said  to  him  : 

2    FT 


IDENSTEIN. 


466 


I.  H.  S. 


Iden,  kneel  down.     Rise  up  a  knight. 
We  give  thee  for  reward  a  thousand  marks ; 
And  will  that  thou  henceforth  attend  on  us. 
Shakespeare,  2  JJ'  nry  VI.  act  v.  sc  1  (1591). 

Idenstein  {Baron),  nephew  of  gene- 
ral Kleiner  governor  of  Prague.  He 
marries  Adolpha,  who  turns  out  to  be  the 
Bister  of  Meeta  called  "  The  Maid  of 
Mariendorpt." — S.  Knowles,  The  Maid  of 
Mariendorpt  (1838). 

Idiot  (The  Inspired),  Oliver  Gold- 
smith. So  called  by  Horace  Walpole 
(1728-1774). 

Idle  Lake,  the  lake  on  which 
Phaedria  (wantonness)  cruised  in  her 
gondola.     One  had  to  cross  this  lake  to 

fet    to     Wandering    Island.  —  Spenser, 
"aery  Queen,  ii.  (1590). 

Idleness  (The  lake  of).  Whoever 
drank  thereof  grew  instantly  "  faint  and 
weary."  The  lied  Cross  Knight  drank  of 
it,  and  was  readily  made  captive  by 
Orgoglio.  —  Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i. 
(1690). 

Idoni'eneus  [I.dom'.e.nuce~\,  king 
of  Crete.  He  made  a  vow  when  he  left 
Troy,  if  the  gods  would  vouchsafe  him  a 
Bafe  voyage,  to  sacrifice  to  them  the  first 
living  being  that  he  encountered  in  his 
own  kingdom.  The  first  living  object  he 
■net  was  his  own  son,  and  when  the 
father  fulfilled  his  vow,  he  was  banished 
from  his  country  as  a  murderer. 

%*  The  reader  will  instantly  call  to 
mind  Jephthah's  rash  vow. — Judyes  xi. 

Agamemnon  vowed  to  Diana  to  offer 
up  in  sacrifice  to  her  the  most  beautiful 
tiling  that  came  into  his  possession  within 
the  next  twelve  months.  This  was  an 
infant  daughter ;  but  Agamemnon  de- 
ferred the  offering  till  Iphigeni'a  (his 
daughter)  was  full  grown.  The  fleet,  on 
its  way  to  Troy,  being  wind-bound  at 
Aulis,  the  prophet  KalcEas  told  Agamem- 
non it  was  because  the  vow  had  not  been 
fulfilled  ;  accordingly  Iphigenia  was  laid 
on  the  altar  for  sacrifice,  but  Diana  inter- 
posed, carried  the  victim  to  Tauris,  and 
substituted  a  hind   in  her   place.     Iphi- 

fenia  in    Tauris  became  a  priestess  of 
)iana. 
%*  Abraham,  being  about  to  sacrifice 
his   son   to   Jehovah,    was   stayed    by   a 
voice  from  heaven,  and  a  ram  was  sub- 
stituted for  the  lad  Isaac. — Gen.  xxii. 

Idwal,  king  of  North  Wales,  and  son 
of  Roderick  the  Great.     (See  LuinvAi..) 

Idy'a,  the  pastoral  name  of  Britannia, 
v  the.  most  beauteous  of  all  the  darlings 


of  Oceanus." — Wm.  Browne,  Britannia'* 
Pastorals  (1613). 

Ier'ne  (3  syl.),  Ireland.  Pytheas 
(contemporary  with  Aristotle)  was  the 
first  to  call  the  island  by  this  name. 

The  green  Ieme's  shore. 
Campbell.  PLeaturet  of  Hope.  1L  (1799). 

Iger'na,  Igeme  (3  syl.},  or 
Igrayne  (3  syL),  wife  of  Gorlois  duke 
of  Tintag'il,  in  Cornwall.  Igema  married 
Uther  the  pendragon  of  the  Briton?,  and 
thus  became  the  mother  of  prince  Arthur. 
The  second  marriage  took  place  a  few 
hours  after  the  duke  s  death,  but  was  not 
made  public  till  thirteen  days  afterwards. 
— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur  (1470). 

Igna'ro,  foster-father  of  Orgoglio. 
The  old  dotard  walked  one  way  and 
looked  another.  To  every  question  put 
to  him,  his  invariable  answer  was,  "  I 
cannot  tell." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i. 
(1590). 

%*  Lord  Flint,  chief  minister  of  state 
to  one  of  the  sultans  of  India,  used  to 
reply  to  every  disagreeable  question, 
"My  people  know,  no  doubt;  bat  I 
cannot  recollect." — Mrs.  Inchbald,  Such 
Things  Are  (1786). 

The  Italian  witnesses  summoned  on 
the  trial  of  queen  Charlotte,  answered  to 
almost  every  question,  "  Non  mi  ricordo." 

%*  The"  "  Know-Nothings"  of  the 
United  States  replied  to  every  question 
about  their  secret  society,  "  I  know 
nothing  about  it." 

Igna'tius  (Brother),  Joseph  Ley- 
cester  Lyne,  monk  of  the  order  of  St. 
Benedict. 

Jyna'tius  (Father),  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
George  Spencer,  superior  of  the  order  of 
Passionists  (1799-1864). 

Ig'noge  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Pan'- 
drasus  of  Greece,  given  as  wife  to  Brute 
mythical  king  of  Britain.  Spenser  calls 
her  "Inogene"  (3  syl.),  and  Drayton 
"Innogen." — Geoffrey,  British  History,  i. 
11  (1142). 

I.  H.  S.  In  Gorman,  ITesus],  Hol- 
land], S[eligmacher],  i.e.  Jesus,  & 
Sanctijier.  In  Greek,  I[n<xoi/r],  'H[m«- 
Te/jo?]  2[«»Ttnj](  i.e.  Jesus,  Our  Sa ■•  ur. 
In  Latin,  I[esus],  H[ominum]  S[al- 
vator],  i.e.  Jesus,  Men's  Baviowr.  Those 
who  would  like  an  English  equivalent  may 
adopt  J[esus],  H[eavenly]   S[aviour]. 

The  Latin  equivalent  is.  attributed  t« 
St.  Lcrnardine  of  Sienna  (1347). 


ILDERTON. 


467 


II.IAK. 


Ilderton  [Miu  Lucy  And  I 
cousins    to    I 

'lack  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Il'iad  (■'<  sy/.),  the  '-ale  "I"  t lie  sip^e  of 
Troy,  an  epic  poem  in  twenty-four  books, 
by    Homer.    Menel&os.  king  of  Sputa, 

•  d  a-  :i  guest    I'aris,  a  si>n  of   Priam 

king  of  Troy.  Puis  eloped  witfa  Helen, 
lii>  host's  wife,  end  Ifenelaoe  induced  the 
Greeks  to  lay  siege  bo  Troy,  to  avenge  the 
perfidy.  The  sie^e  lasted  ten  years,  when 
1  roy  wu  taken  snd  burnt  to  tin-  ground, 
r'a  poem  is  confined  t<  >  the  last  year 
ot  the 

Book  I.  opens  with  a  pestilence  in  the 
Grecian  camp,  sent  by  the  sun-god  to 
avenge  his  priest  Chrysds.  The  cum-  is 
this:  Chryseu  wished  to  ransom  his 
daughter,  whom  Agamemnon,  the  '. Sieek 
commander-in-chief,  kept  as  a  concu- 
bine, l>ut  Agamemnon  recused  to  give  her 

up;  so  the  priest  prayed  to  Apollo  for 
vengeance,  ami  the  god  sent  s  pestilence. 
A  council  being  called,  Achilles  up- 
braids Agamemnon    as    the  cause  of  the 

divine  wrath,  and  Agamemnon  replies  lie 
will  give  up  the  priest's  daughter,  but 
shall  take  instead  AchilhVs  concubine. 
On  hearing  this,  Achilles  declares  he 
will  no  longer  fight  for  such  an  ex- 
tortionate Kin:;,  and  accordingly  retires 
to  his  tent  and  sulks  there. 

II.  Jupiter,  being  induced  to  take  the 
part  of  Achilles,  now  sends  to  Agamem- 
non a  lying  dream,  which  induces  him  to 
believe  that  he  shall  take  the  city  .-,; 

hut  in  order  to  see  how   the  soldiers   are 

afreet cd  l>y  the  retirement  of  Acini 

king  calls  them  to  a  council  of  war,  asks 

them  if  it  will  not  he  better  to  give  up 

the    siege  and   return    home.      He    thinks 

the  soldiers  will  shout  "no"  with  one 

I  but   they    rush   to  their  sin; 

would  set  sail  at  once  if   they   were  not 
i iii-d  by  those  i  riyy  to  the  plot. 

III.  The  soidnrs,  being  brought  back, 
are  then  arrayed  for  battle.     Paris  pro- 

to     decide      the     Conti  gt      bj 

combat,  and  Blenelaos  accepts  the  chal- 

l'ans,  being  overthrown,  is  carried 

off  by  Venus,  and  Agamemnon  demands 

that  the  Trojans   should   give   up  Troy   in 

fulfilment  ol  the  compact. 

IV.  While  Agamemnon  is  speaking, 
Pandlrus  draws  Ins  bon  at  M<  neli 

*  ftmdS     him,     and    the    battle     b. 
il. 

v.  Pandarue,    who   had    violated  the 

Is  killed  by  Diomed. 
Yi.  lb etor,  tin   gem  ral  i  t  th<  Trolan 

•Hied  arnu.  ends  that  the    1  m- 


jan  women   in  a  body  should  supplicate 

larua, 
and  in  the  mean  t  •  make 

a  sally  from  the  city  . 

VII.  Hector  fights  « ith  Ajax  i- 

combat,  but   ' 

the  heralds,    who    declare   it   a   drawn 

battle  ;    BO  t] 
turn  to  their   •■ 

V I I I . 

fited,   retreats;   and   li 
■ssan  I  imp. 

IX.  A  deputation  is  to 

but  the  sulky  hero  remains  obdurate. 
\ .  A  night  atts 

jam  by  I  >i ed  and  1   1 

XI.  And  the  three  Grecian  chiefs 
(Agamemnon,  Diomed,  and  I 

all  wounded. 

XII.  The    Trojans   force  the    gal 
the  I  irecian  ramj 

XIII.  A  tremendous  battle  en- 
which  many  on  both  sidl 

XI\'.    While  .lupiti  r 

tune  int.  rf.  n  |  in  the  quarrel  in  Whalf  of 
the  Greeks  ; 
X\'.  But   Jupiter    rebukes    him,    and 

Apollo,    taking  the  sio  >jans, 

puts   the  Grecians  to  a  con 
The  Trojans,  exulting  in    then 

prepare  to  set  fin    •  ian  camp. 

XVI.  In  this  extremity,  Pat  * 
arrays  himself  in  Achilles's  armour,  anil 
bads  the  Myrmidons  to  the  I 

is  slain  by  Hector. 

XVII.  "Achilles  is  told  ith  of 
his  friend  ; 

XVIII.  1;  return    to    the 

buttle  ; 

SIX.  And  is  r  ■  nnnn. 

\  \ .    \  genera]  battle  .  -,\ hich 

permitted  to  take  part. 
\  \  I.  The  battle  ra  jea  *  it! 
the  slaughter  is  frightful ;  I 

jaus,  |„  m.    : 

■ 

\  \  1 1.  Achilles 

is  able  to  enter  thl  I 

is  at  an  end.     Nothing  now  remains  but 

\  \  I  1 1.   To  burn  the  ! 
and  celebrate  the  funer.nl  ga 

XXI  ' 

Achilla    . 

Hector  ;     Achilla  • 

Deludes  with  the  fiu 

the  1 1 

this 

- 

and  burnt,    and   then  continues  with  the 

advent  from 

the  burning  city,  makes  his  way  to  Itaiv, 


ILIAD. 


468       IMMORTAL  FOUR  OF  ITALY. 


marries  the  king's  daughter,  and  succeeds 
to  the  throne.     (See  /Enkid.) 

Iliad  (Tlie    French),    The    Romance  of 
the  Hose  (q.v.). 


The    Nibelungen 


Iliad  (The   German), 
Lied  (q.v.). 

Iliad  (The  Portuguese),  The  Lusiad 
(q.v.). 

Iliad  (TJie  Scotch),  The  Epigoniad,  by 
William  Wilkie  (q.v.). 

Iliad  in  a  Nutshell  (The).  Pliny 
tells  us  that  the  Iliad  was  once  copied  in 
so  small  a  hand  that  the  whole  of  the 
twenty-four  books  wore  shut  up  in  a  nut- 
shell.— Hist.,  vii.  21. 

Iluet,  bishopof  Avranches,  demonstrated 
the  possibility  of  this  being  the  case  by 
writing  eighty  lines  of  the  Iliad  on  the 
space  occupied  by  one  line  of  this  dic- 
tionary, so  that  the  whole  Hind  might  be 
got  into  about  two-thirds  of  a  single 
page. 

In  No.  530  of  the  Ilarlcian  MSS.  is  an 
account  of  a  similar  performance  by  Peter 
Bales,  a  Chancery  clerk  in  the  reign  of 

aueen  Elizabeth.  He  wrote  out,  in  1590, 
ie  whole  Iiible,  and  enclosed  his  MS.  in 
a  walnut-shell.  Bales's  MS.  contained 
as  many  leaves  as  an  ordinary  Bible,  bat 
the  size  of  the  leaves  was  reduced,  and 
the  paper  was  as  thin  as  possible. 

I  have  myself  Been  the  Ten  Command- 
ments, the  Lord's  Prayer,  the  Apostles' 
Creed,  and  "God  save  the  King!"  all 
written  on  a  space  not  larger  than  a 
silver  threepence  ;  and  who  has  not  seen 
a  sheet  of  the  Times  newspaper  reduced  to 
the  size  of  a  locket  ? 

The  Iliad  in  a  nutshell  is  quite  outdone 
by  the  web  given  to  a  prince  by  the 
White  Cat.  It  was  wrapped  in  a  millet 
seed,  and  was  400  yards  long.  What  was 
more  wonderful  was  this :  there  were 
painted  on  it  all  sorts  of  birds,  beasts, 
and  fishes;  fruits,  trees,  and  plants; 
rocks  and  sea-shells;  the  sun,  moon,  stars, 
and  planets  ;  the  likenesses  of  all  the 
kings  and  princes  of  the  world,  with  their 
wives,  mistresses,  and  children,  all  dressed 
in  their  proper  costume. 

The  prince  took  out  of  a  l.ox,  covered  with  rubles,  a 
Wftlnut,  which  be  cracked,  ami  saw  inside  It  a  small  hazel 
nut,  which  he  cracked  also,  and  round  Inside  a  kernel  "f 
wax.  He  i«-<'i''<i  the  kernel,  and  dlceoTered  a  corn  of 
wheat,  and  ipi  the  wheat-corn  wai  a  grain  of  millet,  which 
contained  a  v.ct>  400  rarda  In  length. — Couitesse  D'Aunoy, 
fuir>  lales  I'  The  White  fat,"  His:)). 

Iliad  of  Old  English  Litera- 
ture, "The  Knight's  Tale"  of  Pal&mon 


and  Arcite  (2  syl.)  in  Chaucer's  Canter- 
bury Tales  (1388). 

Iliad  of  Woes  (Latin,  Bias  malo'rum), 
a  world  of  disasters  (Cicero.  Attic.,  viii. 
11).  Homer's  Iliad  is  an  epic  of  "  woe" 
from  beginning  to  end. 

let  others  boast  of  blood,  and  spoils  of  foes. 
Fierce  rapine*.  murders,  Iliad*  of  woes. 

W.  Drummund,  Death  of  MalkuUt  (1613). 

Ilis'sus,  one  of  the  rivers  on  wnich 
Athens  was  situated.  Plato  lays  tfte 
scene  of  many  of  the  best  conversations 
of  Socratus  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 

.  .  .   the  thyniy  vale. 
Where  oft.  enchanted  with  Socratlc  sounds, 
tUan  pun  devolved  his  tuneful  stream 
In  gentler  murmurs. 
Akenside,  I'tcaturct  of  Imagination,  1.  (1,44). 

HI  Luck  always  attended  those  who 
led    the    gold   of    Nibelungen,  the 
gold  of  Toboso,  the  sword  of  Kol  called 
(iraystcel,  llannonia's  necklace,  etc. 

Ill  Wind.  'Tis  an  ill  wind  that  blowt 
nobody  any  good. 

Except  wind  stands,  as  never  It  stooo. 
It  Is  an  III  wind  turns  none  to  good. 

T.  Tusser.  fire  l/un,lr.4  I'ointt  of  Oo—t 
Husbandry,  xlil.  (1557). 

Illuminated  Doctor  (The),  Ray- 
mond Lolly  (1286-1815). 

John  Tauler,  the  (Jerman  mystic,  is  so 
called  also  (1294-1861). 

Ima'us  (3  syl.),  the  Himalaya  ot 
snow-hills. 

The  huge  Incumbrance  of  horrific  woods 
From  A*uin  Taurus,  from  [aMIM  stretched 
Athwart  the  roving  Tartar*!  Milieu  botmdk 

Thomson,  The  Seasons  ('*  Autumn."  1~:m». 

Imis,  the  daughter  and  only  child  of 
an  island  king.     She  was  enamoured  of 

her  consul  Philax.  A  fay  named  Pagan 
loved  her,  and,  seeing  she  rejected  hi9 
suit,  shut  up  Imis  and  Philax  in  the 
"  Palace  of  Revenge."  This  palace  was 
of  crystal,  and  contained  everything  the 
heart  could  desire  except  the  power  of 
leaving  it.  For  a  time,  Imis  and  Philax 
were  happy  enough,  but  after  a  few  years 
they  longed  as  much  for  a  separation  as 
they  had  once  wished  to  be  united. — 
Comtesse  D' Annoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Palace 
of  Revenge,"  1G82). 

Imlac  of  G-oiama,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Nile  ;  the  son  of  a  rich  merchant. 
Imlac  was  a  great  traveller  and  a  poet, 
who  accompanied  Rasselas  in  his  rambles, 
and  returned  with  him  to  the  "happy 
valley." — Dr.  Johnson,  Ilassclas  (1759). 

Immortal  Four  of  Italy  ( The)  • 
Dante  (1266-1821),  Petrarch  (1804-1874V, 


IMOGEN. 


4  GO 


IMPOSTORS. 


Ariosto   (1474-1533),  and    Tasso    (1544- 
1595). 

The  poets  rend  he  o'er  and  o'er, 
And  must  or  all  Uie  IminurLil  Four 
Of  Hal). 

Longfellow,  The  Waytide  Inn  (prelude). 

Imogen,  daughter  of  Cym'beline 
(3  ay/.)  king  of  Britain,  married  clan- 
destinely Posthumus  Leoniitus;  and  Post- 
humus,  being  banished  for  the  offence, 
retired  to  Rome.  One  day,  in  the  luuisu 
of  Philario,  the  conversation  turned  on 
the  merits  of  wives,  and  Posthumus  bit 
his  diamond  ring  that  nothing  could 
tempt  the  fidelity  of  Imogen.  lachimo 
accopted  the  wager,  laid  his  plans,  and 
after  due  time  induced  Posthumus  to 
believe  that  Imogen  had  played  false, 
showing,  by  way  of  proof,  a  bracelet, 
which  he  affirmed  she  had  given  him  ; 
so  Posthumus  handed  over  to  him  the 
ring  given  him  by  Imogen  at  parting. 
Posthumus  now  ordered  his  servant 
Pisanio  to  inveigle  Imogen  to  Milford 
Haven,  under  pretence  of  seeing  her  hus- 
band, and  to  murder  her  on  the  road  ; 
but  Pisanio  told  Imogen  his  instructions, 
advised  hor  to  enter  the  service  of 
Lucius,  the  Roman  general  in  Britain, 
as  a  page,  and  promised  that  he  would 
make  Posthumus  believe  that  she  was 
dead.  This  was  done ;  and  not  long 
afterwards  a  battle  ensued,  in  which  the 
Romans  were  defeated,  and  Lucius, 
lachimo,  and  Imogen  were  taken  pri- 
soners. Posthumus  also  took  part  in 
the  battle,  and  obtained  for  his  services 
the  royal  pardon.  The  captives  being 
brought  before  Cymbeline,  Lucius  en- 
treated the  king  to  Liberate  Imogen. 
The  petition  was  not  otily  granted,  but 
Imogen  was  permitted,  at  the  same  time, 
to  usk  a  bo,.ii  of  the  British  king.  Bhe 
only  begged  that  lachimo  should  inform 
the  court  how  he  came  by  the  ring  he 
was  wearing  On  his  linger.  'Die  whole 
villainy  was  thus  revealed,  a  concilia- 
tion took  place,  ami  all  ended  happily. 
(See  Zi.nklka.) — bhake.-pe.u 
(IGUo). 

"Juliet.""  Knuallnd."  "  the  Udy  Oonitanea,"  "  Portia." 
"My  Marheili.'  niul  therihlim  "Imof 

'  »'l  ipi ui 

Uirs*   clmractera    Is  to     li.ee  irorld   Ol 

poetry  revealed.— Dul>:in  I  nivertily  II 

Iin'ogino  ('/'/'«•  Fair),  the  holy  be- 
trothed to  Alons  ••  "i  ie  \ira,y  e,"  and  who 
skid  to  him,  when  he  wont  to  the  wars;  "If 

e\rr  I   marry   another,  may   thy   .-host  he 

present  at  the  bridal  feast,  and  bear  me 

o:l   to  the  grave."     AlonXO   fell  in  battle  ; 
lninginc    married    another;    and,    at    the 


marriage  feast,  Alonzo'fl  ghost,  claiming 
the  fulfilment  of  tho  compact,  carried 
away    the    bride. — M.    <!.    Lewis,    A     '» SO 

the  Ol  ■  ... 

Im'ogine  (  The  lady),  w  Aldo- 

brand.     Before    her   marriagi  * 

courted   by  count   Bertram,  but  ' 
tachment  fell  through,  because  Bertram 
was  outlawed  and  became  the  leader  of 
a  gang  of  thieves.     It  so  ha: 
day  that  Bertram,  being  shipwrecked  off 
the  coast  of  Sicily,  was  conveyed  to  the 
castle  of  lady  Imogine,  and  the  old  at- 
tachment revived  on  both  sides.  Bertram 
murdered  St.  Aldobrand ;  Imoj 
mad,  expired  in  the  arms  <->f  Bertram  ;  and 
Bertram     killed    himself. — C.    Maturin, 
Bertram  (1816). 

Imoin'da  (3  s>/l.),  daughter  of  a 
white  man,  who  went  to  the  court  of 
Angola,  changed  his  religion,  and  grew 
great  as  commander  of  the  forces.  His 
daughter  was  married  to  prince  <  troonoko. 
Soon  afterwards  the  young  prince  was 
trapanned  by  captain  I 'river,  tal 
Surinam,  and  Bold  for  a  slave.  Here  he 
met  his  young  wife,  whom  the  lieutenant- 
governor  wanted  to  make  his  mi 
andOroonoko  headed  arising  of  the  Blaves. 

The  end  of  the  story  is  that  Imoinda 
slew  herself;  and  Oroonoko,  having 
Btabbed  the  lieutenant-governor,  put  an 

end  to  his  own  life. — Thomas  Southern, 
.    .<<  ( 1696). 

Impertinent     (The    Ouriotu),    nv 

Italian,  who,  to  make  trial  of  his  wife's 
fidelity,  persuades  his  friend  to  try  and 
seduce  her.  The  friend  succeeds  in  win- 
ning the  lady's  love,  and  the  impertinent 
curiosity  id'  the  husband  is  punished  by 
the  loss  of  his  friend  ami  wife 
Cervantes.  Don  QwixotV,  I.  IV. 
episode,  1605). 

Impostors  (  I 

1.  Bi  rtrah  |  Dr.  (  '.  pro- 

ahagen.    1 ! 

out  that  he  had  discovered,  in  1717,  in  the 

library  of  that  city,  a  book  sntil 

-inlus  Cor.- 
He  published  this  with  two  other  tn 
(one  by  Gildas  Badon'icns,  and  the 
by  Nennius  Banchorenais)  in  17o7.     The 
was  i  e posed  by  •'.  E.  Mayor,  in 
n  face    to    /.'■■  arm   dt    C.t\  ■■ 
. 

2.  Chattkrtoh   (Thomas)  pnolished, 
in    1777.  a  volume   of    poems,   which   he 

be  from  the  pi  n  of  Thomas 
Rowley,  ■  monk   >f  the  fifteenth  century. 


IMPOSTORS. 


470 


IMPROVISATORS. 


The  forgery  was  exposed  by  Mason  and 
Gray. 

3.  Ireland  (Samuel  William  Henry) 
published,  in  1796,  a  series  of  papers 
which  he  affirmed  to  be  by  Shakes  pea  re, 
together  with  the  tragedy  of  Lear  and 
a  part  of  Hamlet.  Dr.  Parr,  Dr.  Valpy, 
James  Boswell,  Herbert  Croft,  and  I've 
the  poet-laureate,  signed  a  document  cer- 
tifying their  conviction  that  the  collection 
wag  genuine;  but  Ireland  subsequently 
confessed  the  forgery.  He  also  wrote  a 
play  entitled  Vortujern  and  Iiowena, 
which  he  asserted  was  by  Shakespeare ; 
but  Malone  exposed  the  imposition. 

4.  Lauder  (  William)  published,  in  1751, 
false  quotations  from  Masenius  a  Jesuit 
of  Cologne,  Taubmann  a  German,  Sta- 
phorstius  a  learned  Dutchman,  and 
others,  to  "  prove  Milton  a  gross  plagi- 
arist." Dr.  Douglas  demonstrated  that 
the  citations  were  incorrect,  and  that 
often  several  lines  had  been  foisted  in  to 
make  the  parallels.  Lauder  confessed 
the  fact  afterwards  (1754). 

5.  Mentz,  who  lived  in  the  ninth  cen- 
tury, published  fifty-nine  decretals,  which 
he  ascribed  to  Isidore  of  Seville,  who 
died  in  the  sixth  century.  The  object 
of  these  letters  was  either  to  exalt  the 
papacy,  or  to  enforce  some  law  assuming 
such  exaltation.  Among  them  is  die 
decretal  of  St.  Fabian,  instituting  the 
rite  of  the  chrism,  with  the  decretals 
of  St.  Anacletus,  St.  Alexander,  St. 
Athanasius,  and  so  on.  They  have  all 
been  proved  to  be  barefaced  forgeries. 

6.  Pereira  (Colonel),  a  Portuguese, 
professed  to  have  discovered  in  the  con- 
vent of  St.  Maria  de  Merinhao,  nine 
books  of  Sanehoni'athon,  which  he  pub- 
lished in  1837.  It  was  found  that  the 
paper  of  the  MS.  bore  the  water-mark  of 
the  Osmibriick  paper-mills. 

7.  Psalmanazar  (George),  who  pre- 
tended to  be  a  Japanese,  published,  in 
1704,  an  Historical  and  Geographical  De- 
scription of  Funwjsa,  an  Island  belonging 
to  the  Empire  of  Japan.  He  was  an 
Englishman,  born  in  London,  name  un- 
known (died  1763). 

8.  Smith  (Joseph)  professed  that  his 
Book  of  Mormon,  published  in  1830,  was 
ft  direct  revelation  to  him  by  the  angel 
Mormon  ;  but  it  was  really  the  work  of 
a  Rev.  Solomon  Spalding.  Smith  was 
murdered  in  Carthage  jail  in  1844. 

9.  Suktkks  (Robert)  sent  sir  Walter 
Scott  several  ballads,  which  were  inserted 
in  good  faith  in  the  Border  Minstrelsy, 
bnt  were  in  fact  forgeries.    For  example, 


a  ballad  on  A  Feud  between  tlie  Bidley$ 
and  the  Featherstones,  said  to  be  taken 
down  from  the  mouth  of  an  old  woman 
on  Alston  Moor  (1806);  Lord  Ewrw, 
said  to  be  taken  down  from  the  mouth  of 
Rosa  Smith  of  Bishop  Middleham,  set.  91 
(1807)  ;  and  Barthram's  Dirge  (1809). 

The  Koran  was  said  by  Mahomet  to 
be  revealed  to  him  by  the  angel  Gabriel, 
but  it  was  in  reality  the  work  of  a  Persian 
Jew,  a  Jacobite  and  a  Nestorian.  The 
detached  parts  of  the  Koran  were  col- 
lected into  a  volume  by  Abu  Bekr  in  634. 
Mahomet  died  in  632. 

Improvisators. 

Accolti  (Bernardo),  of  Aiezzo,  called 
the  Unico  Areti'no  (1465-1535). 

Aquilano  (Serafino),  born  at  Aquila 
(1466-1500). 

Bandettini  (Teresa),  (1756-*).  M» 
rone,  Quercio,  and  Silvio  Antoniano 
(eighteenth  century). 

Beronicius  (P.  J.),  who  could  con- 
vert extempore  into  Latin  or  Greek  verse, 
a  Dutch  newspaper  or  anything  else 
which  he  heard  (died  1676). 

CoBILLA  (Mana  Mdgdaiena),  of  Pistoia. 
Mde.  de  Stael  has  borrowed  her  Cornnne 
from  this  improvisatrix.  Crowned  at 
Rome  in  1776  (1740-1800). 

Gianni  (Fnincis),  an  Italian,  made 
imperial  poet  by  Napoleon,  whose  victories 
he  celebrated  in  verse  (1759-1823). 

JehXn    (Niir),  of  Bengal,  during  the 

sultanship    of    Jehanger.     She    waa   the 

inventor  of  the  otto  of  roses  (died  1645) . 

Kakscii  (Anna  Louisa),  of  Germany. 

Mazzei    (Signora),  the  most  talented 

of  all  improvisators. 

Metastasio  (P.  A.  D.  B.),  of  Assisi, 
who  developed  at  the  age  of  ten  a 
wonderful  talent  for  extemporizing  in 
verse  (1698-1782). 

Perketti  (Bernardino),  of  Sienna,  who 
received  a  laurel  crown  in  the  capitol,  an 
honour  conferred  only  on  Petrarch  and 
Tasso  (1681-1747). 

Petrarch  (Francesco),  who  introduced 
the  amusement  of  improvisation   (1304- 
1374). 
Rossi,  beheaded  at  Naples  in  1799. 
Serafino    d'Aquila.      (See    above, 
"  Aquilano.'') 

Serio,  beheaded  at  Naples  in  1799. 
S<;ricci       (Tommaso),     of      Tuscany 
(1788-1832).     His   Death  of   Charles  1., 
Death  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  and  Fall  of 
Missolonqhi  are  very  celebrated. 
Taddei  (Rosa),  (1801-        ). 
Zuoco    (Marc    Antonio),    of    Veron* 
(*-1764). 


IM  l!<  AIT.   K".  K. 


471 


1NI7.   I'll  (ASTRO. 


T<>  these  add  <  Vconi,  Bindocci,  Bestini  ; 
the  br.  I  of  Holland,  Wolf  of 

Alt.'.iKi,     Langenschwari     oi     Germany, 

,1    our 
swn  Thomas  1 1«><"1  (1798  184©). 
Inchcape  Rock  (The),  east  oi  the 
May,  twel'  •  na  all  land. 

German  Sea.     Here  ■  wamingbell 
on  a  buoy  by  the  forethought 
abbot  of  Aherbrothok.      Southey 
my  a  that  Ralph  the  Rover,  in  amischievous 
j  nt  the  bell  from  the  buoy,  and  it 

f,.|l  U:-  i  .it  «m  bis  return  -, 

his  boat  ran  on  the  rock,  and  Ralph  ra 
drowned. 

1„  .,1.1  thmi  u|»n  Hit  mi.le  rock  tlure  wn»  *  hell  bad 
nber,  whirl.  imn«  i-onl 
than,  glrlni  notice  to  avian  ot  tha  d 

„,  put  ll,  ■    Hi*  i'1'1"'1  '■' 

a/euro 

r  |„. pariahad  upon  Uie  »anie  n>tk,-.  wu 

.   judgamant  u(  God.— fcuxWart. 
/  .  >>n  Scotland. 

A  Bimilar  story  is  told  of  St  Coven's 

bell,  in  Pembrokeshire.    The  silver  bell 

•  ilen  one  night  from  the  chapel  by 

pirates;  but  no  Booner  bad  their  boat  put 

an  nil  the  crew  were  w  i 

ilver  bell  was  carried  by  sea-nymphs 

.v. 11,  ami  whenever  the  stone  of  that 

veil  is  struck  the  bell  is  heard  to  moan. 

Inconstant  {The),  a  comedy  by  G. 
Parquhar  (1702).  "the  inconstant  is 
young  Mirabel,  who  shilly-shallies  with 
Oria'na  till  she  saves  him  from  being 
murdered  by  f<>ur  bravoes  in  the  b 
Lamorce  (2  syl.). 

comedy  is  a  rdehauffi  of  th< 

,  by   Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
[lfl      . 
Incorruptible   (The).    Maxirailien 
picrrc  was  so  called  by  his  friends 
e  Revolution  (1756  175M  i. 
"  William  Shippen,"  says  Horace  Wal- 
•is  the  only   man   proof  against  a 
Drib 

•,♦  Pabricius,  the  Roman  hero,  could 
not  be  corrupted  by  bribes,  nor  influenced 
by  threats.     Pyrrhua declared  it  wouldbe 
in  from  its  course 
ibriciua  from  the  path  of  duty.— 
. 
In'oubtLB,  *  spirit  half   human  and 
ingelic,   living   in  mid-aii 
the  moon  and  our  earl 
t 

The 
on   an 
attack.  '  ■     one.       I 

!  carefully  steps  in  tl 
.  and  the   1  I 


obliterates     the    foot-prial  Ml 

-  their  direction  and  number  are  not 

i ....  \na,r  In  Indian  Rte  -Cupula 
.  On  JJorttb^eJt  through  A  tux  Minor  iUC7' 

Indru,  god   of   the   element*. 

(..•ili  in    Tht 

Curat  of  Kthomo,  vii.  I 

Inesilla  do  Cantarilla,  dai 
iah  lute-maker.     ! 
anusuaJ  power  of  charn 
during  the  who! 

lolized  by  the  n< 
men  of  the  old  court,  she  saw  bei 
mil. red  by  those  of  the  • 

h,r  had   a   noble   air,  an   ■ 

e!i.'iu;m_'  wit,  and  gi 

•   w 

I'noz  of  Cadi/,    addressed   in  • 
,   i.    (nfter  Btaii,  I 
known  of  her. 

(Donna),    mother   of   d..n    Juan. 
She    trained    hi  r    SOU    accordil 

.    rules  With  ' 
and  designed  to  make  him  a  u 

1 1,  r     husband     WSS    don 

whom  she  worried  to  death  bj 

and   want    of   sympathy.      Donna 

the     sciences,    her     favourite 

"the  mathematical."    she  ■ 
Buropean  l  >  1"l!''  '-1' 

,k."      In   B   WOl 

ia    perfect 
standard  of  Miss  Edcew<  rtl  .  I 
nor,   and   Hannah    more,    but  had      a 

pinion  of  b<  r  own  g I  ,•• 

Oka  Tennj  "'."  lhi^  1  • 

oi  women  was,  to  those  who  did  i 

faultily  faultless,    icily 
■ididlv    null."-  I 

In.  z  do  Castro,  a  n  • 

after    her    death. 

Pedro, 

privately  married,  in  184 

and  ni  1861  bad 

,  shunned  an 

hr\* 

■ 

.    ■ 
i  and  Guirand  anothas 

in  1-  -1-) 


INEZ  DE  CASTRO. 


472 


INFERNO. 


Inez  de  Castro,  the  bride  of  prince 
Pedro  of  Portugal,  to  whom  she  was 
clandestinely  married.  The  king  Alfonso 
and  his  minister  Gonzalez,  not  knowing 
of  this  marriage,  arranged  a  marriage  for 
the  young  prince  with  a  Spanish  princess, 
and  when  the  prince  refused  his  consent, 
Gonzalez  ferreted  out  the  cause,  and 
induced  Inez  to  drink  poison.     He  then 

Eut  the  young  prince  under  arrest,  but  as 
e  was  being  led  away,  the  announce- 
ment came  that  Alfonso  was  dead  and 
fdon  Pedro  was  his  successor.  The  tables 
were  now  turned,  for  Pedro  was  instantly 
released,  and  Gonzalez  led  to  execution. 
—Robs  Neil,  Inez  de  Castro  or  The  Bride 
of  Portugal.     (See  previous  art.) 

Infant  Endowed  with  Speech. 
The  imam  Ah/.enderoud  excited  the 
envy  of  his  confraternity  by  his  superior 
virtue  and  piety,  so  they  suborned  a 
woman  to  father  a  child  upon  him.  The 
imam  prayed  to  Mahomet  to  reveal  the 
truth,  whereupon  the  new-born  infant 
told  in  good  Arabic  who  his  father  was, 
%nd  Abzenderoud  wa9  acquitted  with 
Honour. — T.  S.  Gueulette,  Chinese  Tales 
("  Imam  Abzenderoud,"  172;}). 

Infant  of  Lubeck,  Christian  Henry 
Heinccken.  At  one  year  old  he  knew  the 
chief  events  of  the  Pentateuch  !  !  at  thir- 
teen months  he  knew  the  history  of  the 
Old  Testament !  !  at  fourteen  months  he 
knew  the  history  of  the  New  Testament ! ! 
at  two  and  a  half  years  lie  could  answer 
any  ordinary  question  of  history  or  geo- 
graphy !  !  and  at  three  years  old  he 
kuew  German,  French,  and  Latin  !  ! 

Inferno  (The),  in  thirty-four  cantos, 
by  Dante"  [Alighieri]  (1300).  While  wan- 
dering through  a  wood  (this  life),  the 
Eoet  conies  to  a  mountain  (fame),  and 
egins  to  climb  it,  but  li rest  a  panther 
(pleasure),  then  a  lion  (ambition),  and 
then  a  she-wolf  (avarice)  stand  in  his 
path  to  stay  him.  The  appearance  of 
Virgil  (human  wisdom),  however,  en- 
courages him  (canto  i.),  and  the  Mantnan 
tells  him  he  is  sent  by  three  ladies 
[Beatrice  (faith),  Lucia  (grace),  and 
Mercy]  to  conduct  him  through  the 
realms  of  hell  (canto  ii.).  On  they  pro- 
ceed together  till  they  come  to  a  portal 
bearing  this  inscription:  Ai.r.  iiopk 
ABANDON  YK  WHO  ENTER  HERE  ;  they 
pass  through,  and  come  to  that  neutral 
realm,  where  dwell  the  spirits  of  those 
not  good  enough  for  heaven  nor  bad 
enough  fcr  hell,  "  the  praiseless  and  the 
blameless  dead."     Passing  through   this 


border-land,  they  command  old  Charon 
to  ferry  them  across  the  Acheron  to 
Limbo  (canto  iii.),  and  here  they  behold 
the  ghosts  of  the  unbaptized,  "blameless 
of  sm  "  but  not  members  of  the  Christian 
Church.  Homer  is  here,  Horace,  Ovid, 
and  Lucan,  who  enroll  Dante  "  sixth  of 
the  sacred  band."  On  leaving  Limbo,  our 
adventurer  follows  his  guide  through  the 
seven  gates  which  lead  to  the  inferno,  an 
enormous  funnel-shaped  pit,  divided  into 
stages.  The  outer,  or  first  "  circle,"  is 
a  vast  meadow,  in  which  roam  Plectra 
(mother  of  Dardanus  the  founder  of 
Troy),  Hector,  /Ene'as,  and  Julius  Csesar; 
Camilla  and  Penthesile'a ;  Latinus  and 
.Junius  BrutUBJ  Lucretia,  Marcia  (Cato'a 
wife),  Julia  (Pompey's  wife),  and  Cor- 
nelia; and  here  ''apart  retired,"  they 
see  Saladin,  the  rival  of  Richard  the 
Lion-heart.  Linos  is  here  and  Orpheus; 
Aristotle,  Socrates,  and  Plato ;  Demo- 
critos  who  ascribed  creation  to  blind 
chance,  DiogenCs  the  cynic,  Heraelltoft, 
Emped'ocles,  Anaxag'oras,  Thalea,  Dios- 
cor'ides,  and  Zeno  ;  Cicero  and  Seneca, 
Euclid  and  Ptolemy,  Hippocrates  and 
Galen,  Avioen,  and  A  vermes  the  Arabian 
translator  and  commentator  of  Aristotle 
(canto  iv.).  From  the  first  stage  they 
descend  to  the  second,  where  Minos  sits 
in  judgment  on  the  ghosts  brought  before 
him.  He  indicates  what  circle  a  ghost  is 
to  occupy  by  twisting  his  tail  round  his 
body  :  two  twists  signify  that  the  ghost 
is  to  be  banished  to  the  second  circle; 
three  twists,  that  it  is  to  be  consigned  to 
the  third  circle,  and  so  on.  Here,  Bays 
the  poet,  "light  was  silent  all,"  but 
shrieks  and  groans  and  blasphemies 
were  terrible  to  hear.  This  circle  is 
the  hell  of  carnal  and  sinful  lore,  "here 
Dante  recognizes  Semiramis,  Dido,  Cleo- 
patra, and  Helen;  Achilles  and  Paris; 
Tristan,  the  lover  of  his  uncle's  wile 
Isolde;  Lancelot,  the  lover  of  queen  Guin- 
evcr ;  and  F'rancesca,  the  lover  id'  Paolo 
her  brother-in-law  (canto  v.).  The  third 
circle  is  a  place  of  deeper  woe.  Here 
fall  in  ceaseless  showers,  hail,  black  rain, 
and  sleety  flaw  ;  the  air  is  cold  and  dun  ; 
and  a  foul  stench  rises  from  the  soil. 
Cerberus  keeps  watch  here,  and  this  part 
of  the  inferno  is  set  apart  for  gluttons, 
like  Ciacco  (2  syl.).  From  this  stage  the 
two  poets  pass  on  to  the  "  fourth  steep 
ledge,"  presided  over  by  Plutus  (canto  vi.), 
a  realm  which  "  hems  in  all  the  woe  of 
all  the  universe."  Here  are  gathered  the 
souls  of  the  avaricious,  who  wasted  their 
hdeuts,  and  made  no  right  use  of  their 


INFERNO. 

wealth.  Craning  this  region,  they  come 
to  the  "  fifth  steep,"  and  .see  the  Stygian 
Lake  of  inky  hue.  This  circle  is  a  huge 
bog  in  which  ''the  miry  t n I m-  Sounder, 
ami  "gulp  the  muddy  lees."  It,  is  the 
abode  <>f  those  who  nut  oo  restraint  upon 
Iheii  anger  (canto  vii.).  Next  comes  the 
city  of  I  lis,  where  the  souls  of  heretics 
nre  "  interred  in  vaults ''  (cantos  viii.,  ix.). 
Here  Dantfj  recornizes  Farina'ta  (a  leader 
of  the  Ghibelline  faction),  and  is  in- 
formed that  the  emperor  Frederick  II. 
and  cardinal  Ubaldini  are  amongst  the 
Dumber  (canto  x.).  The  city  of  l)is  con- 
tains the  next  three  circles  (canto  xi.), 
through  which  Nessus  conducts  them  ; 
and  here  they  see  the  Minotaur  and  the 
Centaurs,  as  Chiron  who  nursed  Achilles 
and  Pholus  the  passionate.  The  first 
circle  of  Dis  (the  sixth)  is  for  those  who 
by  force  or  fraud  have  clone  violence 
to  man,  as  Alexander  the  Great,  Dio- 
nysius  of  Syracuse,  Attila,  Sextus,  and 
l'yrrhus  (canto  xii.).  The  next  (the 
seventh  circle)  is  for  those  who  have  done 
violence  to  themselves,  as  suicides  ;  lore 
are  the  Harpies,  and  here  the  souls  are 
transformed  to  trees  (canto  xiii.).  The 
eighth  circle  is  for  the  souls  of  those 
who  have  done  violence  to  '/  ''.  B 
phemers  and  heretics  ;  it  is  a  hell  of  burn- 
mg,  where  it  snows  flakes  of  tire.  Here 
is  Cap'aneus  (8  syl.)  (canto  xiv.),  and 
hen  Dantd  held  converse  with  Bro 
his  old  schoolmaster  (canto  xv.).  Hav- 
ing reached  the  confines  of  the  realm 
of  His,  (ier'yon  carries  Dantfl  Into  the 
region  of  Malebolge*  (4  syl.),  a  horrible 
hell,  containing  ten  pits  or  chasma 

xvii.)  :    In  the   lirst,   is  Jason  ;   the  Second 

is   for  harlots  (Canto  xviii.)  ;   in  the  third 

.   "  who  prostituted  the 
things  of  God  for  gold;     in  the  fourth, 

pope  Nicholas  I  I  1.  1. -auto  xi\.);  in  the 
fifth,  the  ghosts  had  their  loads  "  re- 
;  at  the  neck-hone,"  and  here  are 
Amphiar&OB,  TirGsias  who  was  first  a 
woman  and  then  a  man,  .Michael  Scott 
the  magician,  with  all  witches  and 
diviners  (canto  xx.)  ;  in  the  sixth, 
ohas  and  Annas  his  father-in-law 

xxiii.)  ;     in      the      seventh,     robh 
churches,  asVanni  Fucci,  who  robbed  the 
ty  "t    St.   Jam.  s'g,  m   Pistoia,  and 
sd  Yanni  della  Nona  with  the  crime, 

fol     which     she      sullen. 1     death 

xxiv.)  :   in  the  n.  hth,   1  d   l»io- 

nied,  win.  were  punished  for  the  strata- 
gam  of  the  Wooden  Horse  icantos  wvi., 
xxvii.)  ;  in  the  ninth,  Mahomet  and  Ali, 
"hornlily    mangled  "  .canto   xxvni.)  :   111 


473  INT. 


the     tenth,     alch<  ato    xxix.), 

coiners  and  forgers,  I'otiphar's  wife, 
Sinon  ,sh,,  deluded  the  Tro- 

jans  (canto    xxx.),    Nimrod,    Epl 
and   Anteus,    with    other   gi  . 
xxxi.).     Ant 

the   nethermost   gulf,     ■•■ 

and  I .u.ii •  r  ^r.-  confined.  It  is  a 
region  of  thick-ribbed  ice.  and  here  they 

see    the    frozen     r: 

xxxii.).  The  last  persons  the  poet  sees 
are  Brutus  and  CassiUB,  the  murderer-  of 
Julius  Caesar  (canto  xxxiv.).  DantA 
and  his  conductor  Yir„-ii  then  make 
their  exit  on  the  "  southern  hemi- 
sphere," where  once  was  Eden,  and  where 
the  '•  moon  rises  when  here  evening  sets." 
This    is    done    that    the     poet    ma. 

Purgatory,  which  is  situate  in  mid 
somewhere  near  the  antipodes  of  Judea. 
%*  Canto  xvi.  opens  with  a  description 

of   Fraud,  canto   x\:.iii.  COnt  uns  ' 

oli'no,    and    canto  xxxiv.    the  de- 
scription of  Lucifer. 

Illgelram  [Abbt  t),  formerly  s    1  1 

of  St.    Mary's  Convent. — Sir  W. 
•  11  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Inglewood  ( 

Isbalcustone   Hall. — sir  W. 
i  <y  (time,  George  I.). 

Inglis  (Corporal),  in  the  royal  army 
under  the  leadership  of  the  duke  ol 
mouth. — Sir    \V. 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Ingoldsby     (Thomas),     the      Rev. 

Richard    Harris    Barham,    author 
(jotdsby  Legends  (1788  I 

Ini,  Ine,  or  In;i.  king  of  Wi  ; 

his  wife  was  .V.thelhurh  .  of  tlm 

royal  line  of  Cat  Lfter  a  grand  ban- 

quet  kin.:  Ini   set  forth  t..  sojourn   in 

another    of     his    palaces,    and    his    queen 

privately  instructed  in-  steward  to  "till 

the  house  they  quitted  with  ruhbish  and 
Offal,  to   put   a   sow  and    litter  of   ;  \ 

the  royal  l»-«r,  and  entirely  dismantle  the 
room."      \\  hen   the    ki:  q   had 

gone  about    a    mile  .  r   I 
treated  lor  h  US  band  to  return  I 

they    had  quitted,    and  ts    his 

astonishment     to     behold     I 

.Uhelliurh    then     said,    "l 

vanity  .  [g  ^\\  earthl) 

Win-re  n..w  are   the   good  the. 
lure  I. in  a  few  ho 

-  •  'Jill 
it  he  witli  you,  unless  you  have  earthly 
things  for  heavenly."  S,,  th«  king  xhdi- 
cated  his  kingdom,    went  to    Koine,  Hn.J 


INIS-THONA. 


474 


I XYTLNER  ABILITY. 


dwelt  there  as  a  pilgrim  for  the  rest  of 
his  life, 

...  In  fame  Brent  Ina  might  pretend 
With  any  king  since  first  the  Saxons  came  to  shnre. 
Drayton.  Polyolbion,  xl.  (1613). 

Inis-Thona,  an  island  of  Scandi- 
navia.— Ossian. 

In'istore,  the  Orkney  Islands. 

Let  no  vessel  of  the  kingdom  of  snow  [NorwayX  bound 
on  the  dark-rolling  waves  of  Inistore. — Ossian,  Fingal,  i. 

Inkle  and  Yar'ico,  hero  and 
heroine  of  a  story  by  sir  Richard  Steele, 
in  the  Spectator  (No.  11).  Inkle  is  a 
young  Englishman  who  is  lost  in  the 
Spanish  main.  He  falls  in  love  with 
Yarico,  an  Indian  maiden,  with  whom  he 
consorts  ;  but  no  sooner  does  a  vessel 
arrive  to  take  him  to  Barbadoes  than  he 
sells  Yarico  as  a  slave. 

George  Colman  has  dramatized  this 
tale  (1787). 

Innisfail  or  Inisfail,  an  ancient 
name  of  Ireland  (isle  of  destiny). 

Oh,  once  the  harp  of  InnljTail 

Was  strung  full  high  to  notes  of  gladness ; 
But  yet  it  often  told  a  tale 
Of  more  prevailing  sadness. 

OampbeO,  O'Connor"*  Child,  L 
I  raised  my  sails,  and  rushing  into  the  hay  of  Croma, 
into  Croma's  sounding  hay  in  lovely  Inisfail.  —  Ossian, 
CrfflMi 

Innocents  (The),  the  babes  of 
Bethlehem  cut  off  by  Ilcrod  the  Gnat. 

*+*  John  Baptist  Marino,  an  Italian 
poet,  has  a  poem  on  The  Massacre  of  the 
Innocents  (1569-1625). 

Innogen  or  Inookne  (3  syl.),  wife 
of  Brute  (1  s;/l.)  mythical  king  of 
Britain.  She  was  daughter  of  Pan'- 
drasos  of  Greece. 

Tlius  liruto  this  realm*  unto  his  rule  suhdewd.    .  . 
And  left  three  sons,  his  famous  progeny, 
torn  ot  fayre  Inogene  of  ItAly. 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  11.  10  (1590). 
And  for  a  lasting  league  of  amity  and  peace, 
Bright  Innogen,  his  child,  for  wife  to  Iirutus  gave. 
M.  Drayton,  falyoibion,  i.  (161-*). 

Insane  Root  (The),  hemlock.  It  is 
said  that  those  who  eat  hemlock  can  see 
objects  otherwise  invisible.  Thus  when 
Banquo  had  encountered  the  witches,  who 
vanished  as  mysteriously  as  they  ap- 
peared, he  says  to  Macbeth,  "  Were  such 
things  [really!  here  ...  or  have  we 
eaten  [hemlock]  the  insane  root,  that 
takes  the  reason  prisoner,"  so  that  our 
eyes  see  things  that  are  not? — Macbeth, 
acti.  sc.  3  (1606). 

InsuHbri,  the  district  of  Lombardy, 
which  contained  Milan,  Como,  Pa'via, 
Lodi,  Nova'ra,  and  Vcrcelli. 

•  Interpreter     (Mr.),    in     Bunyan's 


Pili/rim'o  Progress,  means  the  Holy 
Ghost  as  it  operates  on  the  heart  of  a 
believer.  He  is  lord  of  a  house  a  little 
beyond  the  Wicket  Gate.— Pt.  i.  (1678). 

Inveraschalloeh,  one  of  the  High- 
landers at  the  Clachan  of  Aberfoyle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Hoy  (time,  George  I.) 

Invin'cible Doctor  (The),  William 
of  Occam  ;  also  called  Doctor  Singularis 
(1270-1347). 

Invisible  Knight  (The),  sir  Gar- 
Ion,  brother  of  king  Pellam  (nigh  of  kin 
to  Joseph  of  Arimathy). 

"He  is  sir  Garlon,"  said  the  knight,  "he  with  tb» 
black  face,  he  is  the  marvellest  knight  living,  for  he  goetfe 
invisilile. "— Or  T.  Malory.  History  of  Princ*  A.thur,  I 
39  (1470). 

Invisibility  is  obtained  by  amulets, 
dress,  herbs,  rings,  and  stones. 

Amulets :  as  the  capon-stone  called 
"Alectoria,"  which  rendered  those  in- 
visible who  carried  it  about  their  person. 
— Mirror  of  Stones. 

IhiKs :  as  Alberich's  cloak  called 
"Tarnkappe''(2*///.)  which  Siegfried  got 
possession  of  (The  Nibelumjen  Lied)  ; 
the  mantle  of  Hel  Keplein  (q.v.)  ;  and 
Jack  the  Giant-killer  had  a  cloak  of  in- 
visibility as  well  as  a  cap  of  knowledge. 
The  helmet  of  Perseus  or  Hades  (Greek 
Fable)  and  Mambrino's  helmet  rendered 
the  wearers  invisible.  The  moros  mus- 
phonon  was  a  girdle  of  invisibility  (Mrs. 
Centlivre,  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wife). 

Herbs  :  as  fern  seed,  mentioned  by 
Shakespeare,  and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Rings :  as  Gyges's  ring,  taken  from  the 
flanks  of  a  brazen  horse.  When  the 
stone  was  turned  inwards,  the  wearer  m 
invisible  (Plato).  The  ring  of  Otait 
king  of  Lombardy,  according  to  The 
Jleldcnbuch,  possessed  a  similar  virtue. 
Keynard's  wonderful  ring  had  three 
colours,  one  of  which  (the  green)  caused 
the  wearer  to  be  invisible  (Beynard  the 
Pox,  ]4i'8)  ;  this  was  the  gem  called 
heliotrope. 

Stones :  as  heliotrope,  mentioned  by 
Boccaccio  in  his  Decameron  (day  viii.  3). 
It  is  of  a  green  hue.  Solinus  attri- 
butes this  power  to  the  herb  heliotrope : 
"  Herba  ejusdem  nominis  .  .  .  eum,  a 
quocumque  gestabitur,  subtrahit  visibus 
obviorum." — Geoy.,  xl. 

Invulnerability.  Stones  taken 
from  the  cassan  plant,  which  grows  in 
Panten,  will  render  the  possessor  invul- 
nerable.— Odoricus  In  Haklwjt. 

A  dip  in  the  river  Styx  rendered 
Achilles  invulnerable. 


ION. 

Medea  rendered    Jason    proof    I 
wounds  and  lire  by  anointing  him  with 
the  Promethe'an  ungui  at 

fried  was  rendered  inrnlnerable  by 
bathing  his  body  in  dragon's  blood. — 
An  I"  lungen  Lit  <l. 

Ion,  the  title  ami  hero  of  a  tragedy  by 
T.  N.  Talfourd  (l*:;.r..i.  The  oracle  of 
Delphi  had  declared  that  the  pestilence 
which  raged  in  Argot  nt  seat  by  way  of 
punishment  for  the  misrule  of  the  race 
of  Argos,  and  that  the  vengeance  of  the 
gods  could  be  averted  only  by  the  extir- 
pition  of  the  guilty  nice.  Ion,  the  smi 
of  the  kint,',  offered  himself  a  willing 
sacrifice,  and  as  he  was  dying,  Irus  entered 
and  announced  that  "  the  pestilence  was 
abating." 

Io'na,  an  island  of  Scotland  south  of 
Statfa,  aoted  for  its  Culdee  institutions, 
established  by  St.  Colnmb  in  563.  It  is 
&OW  called  "  Icolm-kill," and  in  .1/ 
act  ii.  sc  4,  "  Colmes-kill "  {lull  means 
"  borying-gronnd"). 

Unscathed  they  left  lona'a  strnnil 

When  tho  opj  nion.  I  ■  sky. 

CainnheU,  lUtMura. 

Io'na's  Saint,  St.  Colnmb,  seen  on 
the  top  of  the  church  spires,  on  certain 
evening3  every  year,  counting  the  sur- 
rounding  islands,  to  set  that  ooneof  them 
have  been  sunk  by  the  power  of  witchcraft. 

Aj  Ionn's  saint,  n  gtunt  f>>nn, 
Throrn-d  oo  In-  town eoDTandncwttti  Ihortonn  .  .  . 

i  .-..  Him  mi  boar 

From  KIM.i  to  Um  creei'  Ktiic's  shore  |/rom  fie  UebrUiet 
tolrelundl 

BOD,  TA«  ritaturet  of  llu/*,  Ii 

I-pal-ne-mo'-ani  (i.e.  He  by  whom 
tre  tne).  nn  epithet  of  God  used  by  the 
ancient  Mexicans. 

'•  Wt  know  him,"  they  reply. 
The  RTOAt  'Forever-One,'  Uie  G^J  ul  c«U. 
Italncmuanl." 

BouUiey.  J/orfoc,  L  8  (1803). 

Iphigoni'a,   daughter  of   Agamem- 
non  king  of  Argos.     Agamemnon  v. mid 
i  t  np  to  A rtemis  the  I"   ■ 

Hiat    came     into    his    hands    daring     the 

snsning  twelve  months.  This  happened 
to  be  an  infant  daughter,  to  whom  he 
gave  the  name  of  [phigenla,  but  he  for- 
bore to  fulfil  his  vow.  When  he  went  on 
his  royage  to  Troy,  the  wind- 

bound  at  Aulis,  and  Kalchas  the  priest 
Bind  it  was  because  Agamemnon  had  not 
earned  out  his  tow  ;  so  I  phi  renia,  then 

in  the  pride  of  womanh l,  was  bound 

t"  the  altar.     Artemi  >,    I"  . 

the    maiden    oil     to     lauris    where 

.  and  substituted  a 
hind  to  her  | 


•17.".  IRELAND. 


Por  parallel   instances,   such    as   Abra- 
ham and  Isaac,  Jephthah  and  his  ds 
Id mens  and  his  son,  etc.,  sea   too 

Ml   M  I 

When,  a  dot  Iphlfns*.  she  went  to  Tauria. 

■     ■  (1851). 

Gary,    in    his    translation    of 
accents   the  name  incorrectly  on  the  third 
syllable. 

Whence,  on  the  altar  Iphltfe'nla  mouruad 
llur  Tirgin  beauty. 

DantC,  ParadUt,  t.  ( 

Iphis,  the  woman   who    v. 
to    a   man.      The   tale   is    this  :    [nil 

the  daughter  of  Lygdus  and  Telethusa 
of  Crete.     Lygdus  gave  orders  tha: 

child  about  t"  be    burn  was  a  L,'irl,  it  »:n 

tu  be  put  to  death.  It  happened  to  be  a 
girl  ;  but  the  mother,  to  sa\  e  it,  brought  it 
up  as  a   boy.     In   due  time,  the  father 

d  [phis  tn  lanthe,  and  the  n 
in  terror,  prayed  help.     B<  1 

prayer  was  heard,  for  Isis  changed  [phis 
into  a  man  on  the  day  "f  • 
Ovid,  Metaph.,   i\.    12  ;"  xi. . 

***  '  f  the 

female   sex,    but    Neptune    changed   h.-r 

changed  back  again. 

Tireaias,  the  Theban  prophet,  was  con- 
vert!,1  into  a  girl  for  striking  two  ser- 
pents, and  married.  He  afterward! 
recovered   his  sex,  and  declared    tl 

pleasures  of  s  woman  «erc  tenfold  . 

than  those  of  a  man. 
I'ran,  the  empire  of  I\  i 
Irns,  a  female  attendant  on  Cleopatra. 

When  Cleopatra  had  arrayed  heret . 

md    crown,    prior  to    applj  il 
asps,  she  said  to  her  two  female  attend- 
ants, "  Come,  take  the  uuri  warmtl 
lips.  Farewell,  kind  1 3>armiai 

"  And  having  kissed  them,  h 

down  dead,  eitlier  brokl 

bi  cause  she  had  already  appl 

i,  as    ('harm. an'  did  a   little   later. 
— Shaki  i 

- 
George  III.). 

I    H.  //.),  n  literary  I 
Papers 

R  IS     the 

pr     ue'  .  .,  h  be  tri.  d 


IRELAND.  476 


to  palm  off  as  Shakespeare's.  It  was 
called  Vortujern  and  Rowena,  and  was 
actually  represented  at  Drury  Lane 
Theatre  in  1706. 

Weeps  o'er  false  BhtkcqMrtan  lore 
Which  iprana  frxm  IfaJataRe  Ireland's  store, 

\\  ! .  i  i   j  r ,  1 1  ■  i  e  rod 

For  having  aped  the  Muse's 

CUalcographomanla. 

Ireland  (1'fie  Fair  Maid  of),  the  ignis 
fatuus. 

He  had  read  .  .  .  of  .  .  .  the  itnli  fatutu.  .  .  .  bjr 
some  called  "  Will-with-thewhlsp."  or  "  Jack-withthe- 
hntern,"  and  likewise.  .  .  "The  Fata  Maid  of  Ireland." 
— B  Johnson,  ThtSewen  Chamfiwtua/  Chrutttuloin,  1.7. 
(1617). 

Ireland's  Scholarships  (Dean), 
four  scholarships  of  i.'"'1'  a  _\ear,  in  t lie 
University  of  Oxford,  founded  by  l'r. 
Ireland,  dean  of  Westminster,  in  I 

Ireland's    Three    Saints.     The 

three  great  paints  of  Ireland  are  St. 
Patrick,  St.  Columb,  and  St.  l?ri>; 

Ireland's  Three  Tragedies:  (1) 
The   Death    <>f  t  :   •mm  ; 

I     thof  the  CI  I  r  ;  and 

(3)  77,,'  Death  of  the  Children  of  D 
— O'Flanagan,  Tranaactiont  of  the  Gaelic 
Society  of  Dublin,  i. 

Irem  {The  Garden  of),  mentioned  in 
the    Koran,     lxxxix.      It    was    the    DQOSt 

beautiful  of  all  earthly  paradises,  laid  cut 
for  Shedad'  king  of  Ad  ;  hut  no 
was  it  finished,  than   it  was  struck  with 
the    lightning-wand    «'f  the  death-angel, 
and  was  never  after  visible  to  the  • 
man. 

The  paradise  of  Irem  this  .  .  . 
A  garden  more  surpassing  fair 
Thar  thai  before  whose  gate 
The  lighting  of  the  cherub's  fiery  sword 
Waves  »lli'.  io  Icir  access, 
Southey,  Taluba  th*  iHttroytr.  1.  2"3  (1797). 

Ire'na,  Ireland  personified.  Her  in- 
heritance was  withheld  by  Grantorto 
(rebellion),  and  sir  Artegal  was  sent  by 
the  (|ueen  of  Faery-land  to  succour  her. 
Grantorto  being  slain,  Irena  was  restored, 
in  1580,  to  her  inheritance. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  v.  (1696). 

Ire'ne  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Horush 
BarbaroBsa  the  Greek  renegade  and  cor- 
sair-king of  Algiers.  She  was  rescued  in 
the  siege  of  Algiers  by  Selim,  son  of  the 
Moorish  king,  who  fell  in  love  with  her. 
When  she  heard  of  the  conspiracy  to  kill 
Barbarossa,  shewamed  her  lather;  bnt  it 
was  too  late:  the  insurgents  succeeded, 
BarbarosBa  was  slain  by  Othman,  and 
Selim  married  Irene. — J.  Prown,  Bar- 
barossa  (1742). 

Ire'ne  (3  syl.),  wife   of  Alexius  Coni- 


IHOLDO. 

ne'nas  emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W.  Scstt, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Kufus). 

Ire'nus,  Peaceableness  personified. 
(Greek,  eirene,  "peace.") — Phineas  Flet- 
cher, The  Purple  Island,  x.  (1633). 

I'ris,  a  messenger,  a  go-between.  Iris 
was  the  messenger  of  Juno. 

Whenever  thou  art  in  this  world's  globe, 
I'll  have  an  Iris  that  shall  find  Uiee  out. 

Shakespeare,  2  Henry  17.  act  T.  sc  S  |15W). 

Iris  and  the  Dying.  One  of  the 
duties  of  Iris  was  to  cut  oft  ft  lock  of  hair 
(claimed  by  Proserpine)  from  thosf 
devoted  to  death,  and   till  this  was  done, 

Death  refused  to  accept  the  victim.  Thus, 
when  Dido  mounted  the  funeral  pile,  she 

i  in  sintering  till  Iris  was  sent  by 
Juno  to  cut  otY  a  lock  of  her  hair  as  an 
offering  to  the  black  queen,  but  immedi- 
ately this  was  done  her  spirit  left  the 
body.     Than'atos  did  the  same  office  to 

-  \\  hen  she  gave  her  life  for  that  of 
her  husband.  In  all  sacrifices,  a  forelock 
Mas  first  cut  from  the  head  of  the  victim 
as  an  offering  to  Proserpine.— See  Ku- 
ripidi  -.  .■  Virgil,  JEneid,  it. 

"  Hone  ego  Dltl 
Sacrum  jussa  fero.  teque  htocorpore  suIto." 
Sic  alt.  et  •  I  extra  crinein  treat  .  .  .  atque  In  rentos  Tita 
recess!  t. 

Virgil,  Jintid,  It.  7<W-704 

Irish  "Whiskey  Drinker  (The), 
John  Sheehan,  a  barrister,  who,  with 
"  Everard  (live  of  Tipperary  Hall,"  wrote 
a  series  of  pasquinades  in  verse,  which 
were  published  in  Bent  tny,  in 

L8  16,  and  attracted  considerable  attention. 

Iri8h  "Widow  (The),  a  fane  by 
Garrick  ( 1 7.">7 ) .  Martha  Brady,  a  bloom- 
ing young  widow  of  38,  is  in  love  with 
William  Whittle,  the  nephew  of  old 
Thomas  Whittle,  a  man  63  years  of 
aj;c.  It  so  happens  that  William  cannot 
touch  his  property  without  his  uncle's 
consent,  so  the  lovers  scheme  together  to 
obtain  it.  The  widow  pretends  to  be  in 
love  with  the  old  man,  who  prop 
her  and  is  accepted;  but  she  now  comes 
out  in  a  new  character,  as  a  loud,  vulgar, 
rollicking,  extravagant  low  Irishwoman. 
old  Whittle  is  thoroughly  frightened,  and 
not  only  f;ets  his  nephew  to  take  the  lady 
off  his  hands,  but  give9  him  £5000  for 
doing  so. 

Irol'do,  the  friend  of  Prasildo  of 
Babylon.     Prasildo    fa' Is  in    love    with 

Tisbi'na,  his  friend's  wife,  and,  to  escape 
infamy,  [roldo  and  Ti-bina  take  "i  oison." 
Praaildo,  hearing    from    the    apothecary 


IROLITA. 


477 


IRREFRAGABLE  DOCTOR. 


that  the  supposed  poison  is  innocuous, 
goes  and  tells  them  so,  whereupon  Iroldo 
is  bo  struck  with  liis  friend's  generosity, 
that  lie  quits  Babylon,  leaving  Tisbina  to 
Prasildo.  Subsequently  Lroldo's  life  is 
in  peril,  and  I'rasildo  saves  his  friend  at 
the  hazard  of  his  own  life. — Bojardo, 
Orlando  Innamorato  (1495). 

Irolit'a,  a  princess  in  love  with  princo 
Parcinus,  her  cousin.  The  fairy  Dan'amo 
wanted  Parcinus  to  marry  her  daughter 
Az'ira,  and  therefore  used  all  her  endea- 
vours to  marry  Irolita  to  Brutus  ;  hut  all 
her  plans  were  thwarted,  for  Parcinus 
married  Irolita,  and  Brutus  married 
Azira. 

The  beauty  of  Irolita  was  worthy  the  world's  admira- 
tion.   She  was  about  1 4  years  old ,  her  hair  m  brown, 

her  complexion  blooming ai  the  iprlng,  her  i nh  dell- 

cate,  her  teeth  white  and  even,  her  smile  bewitching,  bar 
eyes  a  hazel  colour  and  very  piercing,  and  bar  looke  were 
darti  of  love. — Cointesse  D  Annoy,  fttiry  Talc*  ("Perfect 
Love,"  163::). 

Iron  Arm.  Captain  Francois  de 
Lanoue,  a  huguenot,  was  called  Bras  de 
Fer.  He  died  at  the  siege  of  Lamballe 
(1531-1591). 

Iron  Chest  {The),  a  drama  by  0. 
Colman,  based  on  \Y.  Godwin's  novel  of 
Caleb  Williams.  Sir  Edward  Mortimer 
kept  in  an  iron  chest  certain  documents 
relating  to  a  murder  for  which  he  had 
been  tried  and  honourably  acquitted.  His 
secretary  Wilford,  out  of  curiosity,  was 
prying  into  this  box,  when  sir  Edward 
entered  and  threatened  to  shoot  him ; 
but  on  reflection  he  spared  the  young 
man's  life,  told  him  all  about  the  murder, 
and  swore  him  to  secrecy.  Wilford, 
unable  to  endure  the  watchful  and  sus- 
picious eye  of  his  master,  ran  away  ; 
but  sir  Edward  dogged  him  like  a  blood- 
hound, and  at  length  accused  him  of 
robbery.  The  charge  could  not  be  sub- 
stantiated, so  Wilford  was  acquitted. 
Sir  Edward  confessed  himself  a  murderer, 
and  died  (1796). 

Iron  Duke  {The),  the  duke  of  Wel- 
lington (1769-1862). 

Iron  Emperor  (The),  Nicholas  of 
Russia  (1796,  1826  1866). 

Iron  Gates  or  Demkr  Kara,  a  cele- 
brated pass  of  the  Teijthras,  through 
which  all  caravans  between  .Smyrna  and 
lirus.i  must  needs  pass. 

Iron  Hand,  Goeti  vonBerlichi 
who  replaced  his  right  hand,  which   he 
of  Landshut,  by  an  iron 
cue  (sixteenth  century). 


%*  Goethe  has  made  this  the  subject  ef 
an  historical  drama. 

Iron  Mask  ( The  Man  in  the).    Thin 

mysterious  m;tn  went  by  the  name  of 
-,  but  who  lie  was  is  as  much  in 
•is  the  author  of  the 
Junius.  The  mosl  general  opinion  is  that 
he  was  count  Er'colo  Antonio  Matthioli, 
a  senator  of  Mantua  and  private  Bgent  of 
Ferdinand  Charles  duke  of  Mantua  ;  and 
that  his  long  imprisonment  of  twenty-four 
years  was  for  having  deceived  Louis  X  I  V. 
in  a  secret  treaty  for  the  purchase  of  th* 
fortross  of  Casale.  M.  Loiseleur  utterly 
denies  this  solution  of  the  mystery. — See 
Temple  Bar,  182-4,  May,  1872. 

%*  The  tragedies  of  Zschokke  in 
German  |  1795  I,  and  Fonrnierin  French,  are 
based  on  the  supposition  that  the  man  in 
the  mask  was  marechal  Richelieu,  a  twin- 
brother  of  the Qrand  Monarque,  andthis 
is  the  solution  given  by  the  abb  •  Soulavie. 

Ironside  {Sir),  called  "The  Red 
Knight  of  the  Bed  Lan  S      Gareth, 

after  fighting  with  him  from  dawn  to 
dewy  eve,  subdued  him.  Tennyson  calls 
birr.  Death,  and  says  thai  Gareth  won  tho 
victory  with  a  single  stroke.  Sir  Ironside 
was  the  knight  who  kept  the  lady  Lionesi 
(called  by  Tennyson  "  Lyonon")  captive  in 
Castle  Perilous.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  184-187  (147 

%*  Tennyson    seems    very    greatly  to 
have  misconceived  the  exipi 
of  Gareth  and  Linet.     (See  GABETH,  pp. 
3G4-5.) 

Ironside.  Edmund  II.  kin^  of  tho 
Anglo-Saxons  was  so  called  from  his 
iron  armour  (989,  1016-1017). 

Sir    Bieiiar.l    Steele    Bigned    b 

"  Nestor     Ironside"     in     ti.'  • 

(1671-1729). 

Ironsides.     So  wore  the  sold  I 

Cromwell  called,  especially  after  the 
battle  of  Ifarston  Moor,  where  they  dis- 
played their  iron  resolution  (1644). 

Ironsides  (Captain),   uncle  of  Belfleld 

.    and  an  old  friend  of  sir  Ben- 
jamin I  >ove.       lit 

and  a  line  spei  imen  ot  an  English  naval 
officer. 

lli'i  Inio  Kngllih  oak  to  tho  h«\rt  of  him.  and  a  flue 
old  »aii>au-hko  Ojfuro  ho  U.— Cumberland.  Th'  UrvtSrrt, 

I    I 

Iron  Tooth.  Frederick  II.  elector  of 
Brandenburg  {I'cnt  de  Fer),  (u;j7,  1688-- 
1718). 

Irrolracable  Doctor  {The),  Alex- 


IRTISH. 


478 


ISABELLA. 


■Oder  Hales,  founder  of  the  Scholastic 
ftaology  (*-1245). 

Irtish  (To  cross  the  ferry  of  the),  to 
be  "  laid  on  the  shelf."  The  ferry  of  the 
Irtish  is  crossed  by  those  who  are  exiled 
tn  Siberia*  It  is  regarded  in  Russia  as 
the  ferry  of  political  death. 

True,  the  beggar  of  Ithloa,  who  ran 
errands  for  Penelope's  suitors.  When 
i  i    returned     Dome    dressed    as   a 

begpar,  Irus  withstood  him,  and  riysst's 
broke  his  jaw  with  ■  blow.  Bo  poor  was 
Irus.  that  he  gave  birth  to  the  proverbs, 

'•  A-    I r    as    Irus,"    and    "  Poorer    tlian 

Irus  "  (in  French,  Phu  pernors  qti  Irus). 

Without  rejnejcj  esteeming  equally 

King  I  r  '   Irus'  |»>vertle. 

ickirllle.   .1    Mirrnur  for  illjiltraytrl 

[Indoatfaa,  1S87). 
Inn  grows  rlrh,  mid  Cresus  must  win 

Laid  Brook*,  Treatii  of  \\  arret  usw-isss). 

Irwin  (Mr. ),  the  bnsband  of  lady 
Eleanor  daughter  of  lord  Norland.     His 

lordship     discarded     her     fur      marrying 

against  his  will,  and    Irwin   * 

to  the  Verge  of   starvation.      In    h 

Deration  Irwin  robbed  his  father-in-law 
on  the  high  road,  bnt  relented  and  re- 
turned the  money.  W  -;h  the  iron 
heart  of  lord  Norland  «  I.  and 

he  relieved  the  DO  I   bil  son-in- 

law. 

nor  /'•■  in.  w  ift  nf  Mr.  Irwin. 
She  retains  hex  love  for  lord  Norland, 
even  throngh  all  his  releotlessnesa,  and 
when  she  hears  that  be  has  adopted  a 
son,  exclaims,  "May  the  young  man 
deserve  his  lore  better  than  I  have  done  ! 

May    he    he   a    comfort   to   his   declining 

years,  and  never  disobey  him!" — Inch- 
bald,  Every  Chukot  Hialbult  (17M). 

Inrin  (Hannah),  former  oonfidamtt  of 
Clara     Mowbray.— -Sir    W.     Scott,    St. 

fionan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Isaac  [Mondoza],ariih  Portuguese 
Jew,  sh'>rt  in  stature,  with  a  snul 
swarthy  skin,  and  huge  heard  :   \erv  con- 
ceited, priding  himself  opon  his  canning, 

loving  to  dope  others,  bnt  woefully  doped 
himself.     Be  chuckles  to  himself,  "  I'm 

canning,   I  fancy;  a  very  cunning 
ain't    I?    a    sly   little  villain,    eh!    a    bit 
roguish;  he  must   be  very  wide  awake 
who  can  take  Isaac  in."    This  conceited 
piece  of  goods  is  always  doped  by 
one  he  encounters.     He    meets    I 
whom  he  intends  to  make  his  wife,  but 
she  makes  him  believe  she  is  Clara  Qua-   i 
man.     He  meets  his  rival  Antonio,  whom 
he    sends    to    the    supposed    Clara,    anu    | 


he  marries  her.  ne  mistakes  Louisa's 
duenna  for  Louisa,  and  elopes  with  her. 
So  all  his  wit  is  outwitted. — Sheridan, 
The  Duenna  (1775). 

Qulck'i  great  parti  were  "  Isaac  *  "Tony  T.-impkln" 
[She  Stoop*  fi  Corurutr,  Goldsmith  I  "  Spado  "  [Cattle  of 
Andalusia,  CfKee'el  and  "  fir  Christopher  Curry,"  In 
/title  and  Tarieo.  by  Colman  [174S-1831J.— Rtcordt  of  m 
Staae  Veteran. 

Isaac  of  York,  the  father  of  Re- 
When  imprisoned  in  tlie  dangeofj 
of  Front  de  BssenVl  cattle,  Front  de  BsjSJBJ 
comes  to  extort  money  from  him,  and 
I  to  chain  him  to  the 
ban  of  a  slow  lire,  hut  the  party  is  dis- 
turbed  by  the  sound  of  ■  bugta.  I'lti- 
mately,   both   the  .lew  and    his  daughter 

I  upland  and  po  to  live  air 
.Sir  W.  time,  Richard  1.). 

Isabel,     called     the     "She-wolf     of 

France, n  the  adulb  n  of  Edward 

1 1..  wi«  danghtor  of  Philippe  I V. 

of    Pn  rding  to  "tie  tradition, 

miirdt  red  her  royal  husband  by 
thrusting  a  hot  iron  into  his  bowels,  and 
tearing  them  from  his  body. 

•    :f  of  France,  with  unrelenting  fang*. 
That  tear'it  the  U.»< :  I  mile. 

Grey,  The  Bard  1175>». 

I8ab«ll,   sister    of    lady    Ilnrtwell,    in 

■ucdy  (if    WU  without   Money,  by 

■noiit  and  Fletcher  (lt>39). 

Isabella  or  Isabello,  a  pale  brown 

colour  or  huff,  similar  to  that  of  a  hare. 

•  ailed  from  the  princess  Isabella 

of  Austria,  daughter  of  Philip   II.     The 

I,  the 
princess  took  an  oath  that  she  would  not 

ehange  her  body-linen  before  the  town 

.  ki  n.      The   mi  tre,    h"v  • 
three  years,  and  her  linen  was  so  stained 
that  it  pave  name  to  the  colour  rd 

to  (It',' 

The  same  story  is  related  of  Isabella  c4 
Castile  at  the  siege  of  Grena'da  (1  I 

The  horn  that  Rrightsun  wu  mounted  on  was  as  black 

it  of  FrIU  was  grey.  Cher/s  was  as  white    as 

milk,   and  that  of  the  princes*   Fainter  an   Isabella. — 

Cvniteese    l>Auiu->.    tairy    TaUt  ("  Frlncesa  Falrttar," 

mo, 

.'<i,  daughter  of  the  king  of  Ga- 
licia,  in  love  with  Zcrhi'no,  but  /erbino 
could  DOt  marry  her  because  she  was  a 
pagan.  Her  lament  at  the  death  of  /.er- 
bino is  one  of  the  best  parts  of  the  whole 
poem  (bk.  xii.).  lsalnlla  retires  to  a 
chapel  to  bury  her  lover,  and  is  there 
slain  bv  Rodomont.*— Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1618). 

'la,  sister  of  Claudio,  insulted  by 
the   ba-i  a'gelo   deputy  of 

Vienna  in  the  absence  of  duke  Vuieseutie. 


ISABELLA. 


479 


ISABINDA. 


Isabella  is  delivered  by  the  duke  himself, 
and  the  deputy  is  made  to  marry  Mariana, 
to  whom  he  was  already  betrothed. — 
Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Measure 
(1603). 

Isabella,  wife  of  Hieronimo,  in  The 
Spanish  Tragedy,  by  Thomas  Kyd  (1588). 

Isabella,  mother  of  Ludov'ico  Sforza 
duke  of  Milan. — Massinger,  The  Duke  of 
Milan  (1622). 

Isabella,  a  Dun  who  marries  Biron 
eldest  son  of  count  Baldwin,  who  disin- 
herits him  for  this  marriage.  Biron 
enters  the  army,  and  is  sent  to  the 
siege  of  Candy,  where  ho  falls,  and  (it  is 
Bupposed)  dies.  For  seven  years  Isabella 
meums  her  loss,  and  is  then  reduced 
to  the  utmost  want.  In  her  distress  she 
begs  assistance  of  her  father-in-law,  but 
he  drives  her  from  the  house  as  a  dog. 
Villeroy  (2  syl.)  offers  her  marriage,  and 
ihe  accepts  him  ;  but  the  day  after  her 
espousals  Biron  returns.  Carlos,  hearing 
of  his  brother's  return,  employs  ruffians 
to  murder  him,  and  then  charges  Villeroy 
with  the  crime ;  but  one  of  the  ruffians 
impeaches,  and  Carlos  is  apprehended. 
Isabella  goes  mad,  and  murders  herself 
in  her  distraction. — Thomas  Southern, 
The  Fatal  Marriage  (1692). 

The  part  of  "  Isabella  "  affords  scope  for  a  tragic  actress 
Scarcely  inferior  in  pathos  to  "  Belvidera." — K.  Chambers, 
Enjlith  Literature,  i.  688. 

(Mrs.  E.  Barry,  says  T.  Campbell,  was 
unrivalled  in  this  part,  1682-1733.) 

%*  Wm.  Hamilton  painted  Mrs. 
Siddons  as  "Isabella,"  and  the  picture 
belongs  to  the  nation. 

Isabella,  the  coadjutor  of  Zanga  in  his 
scheme  of  revenge  against  don  Alonzo. — 
Young,  The  Bevenge  (1721). 

Isabella,  princess  of  Sicily,  in  love 
with  Roberto  il  Diavolo,  but  promised  in 
marriage  to  the  prince  of  Grana'da,  who 
challenges  Roberto  to  mortal  combat, 
from  which  he  is  allured  by  Bertram  his 
fiend-father.  Alice  tells  him  that  Isabella 
is  waiting  for  him  at  the  altar,  when  a 
Struggle  ensues  between  Bertram  and 
Alice,  one  trying  to  drag  him  into  hell, 
and  the  other  trying  to  reclaim  him  to 
the  ways  of  virtue.  Alice  at  Length  pre- 
vails, but  we  are  not  told  whether  Roberto 
marries  the  princess. — Meverbeer,  Robt  rto 
U  Diavolo  (1881). 

Isabella  (Donna),  daughter  of  don  Pedro 
a  Portuguese  nobleman,  who  designed  to 
marry  her  to  don  Guzman,  a  geatle- 
ma"    of   large   fortune.      To   avoid   this 


hateful  marriage,  she  jumps  from  a 
window,  with  a  view  of  escaping  from 
the  house,  and  is  caught  by  a  colonel 
Briton,  an  English  officer,  who  conducts 

her  to  the  house  of  her  friend  donna 
Violante.  Here  the  colonel  calls  upon 
her,  and  don  Felix,  supposing  Violante 
to  be  the  object  of  his  visits,  becomes 
furiously  jealous.  After  a  considerable 
embrogfio,  the  mystery  is  cleared  np,  and 
a  double  marriage  takes  place. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The   Wonder  (1714). 

Middle-sized,  a  lovely  brown,  a  fine  pouting  lip.  ere* 
that  roll  and  [anguish,  and  seem  to  speak  the  RHqilfalfr 
pleasure  she  could  give, — Act  v.  1. 

Isabella  (The  countess),  wife  of  Roberto. 
After  a  long  series  of  crimes  of  infidelity 
to  her  husband,  and  of  murder,  she  is 
brought  to  execution. — John  Marston, 
The  Wonder  of  Women  or  SophunUba 
(1605). 

Isabella  (The  lad;/),  a  beautiful  young 
girl,  who  accompanied  her  father  on  a 
chase.  Her  step-mother  requested  her 
to  return,  and  tell  the  cook  to  prepare  the 
milk-white  doe  for  dinner.  Lady  Isabella 
did  as  she  was  told,  and  the  cook  replied, 
"  Thou  art  the  doe  that  I  must  dress." 
The  scullion-boy  exclaimed,  "Oh  save  the 
lady's  life,  and"  make  thy  pies  of  me  !  " 
But  the  cook  heeded  him  not.  When  the 
lord  returned  and  asked  for  his  daughter, 
the  scullion-boy  made  answer,  "If  my 
lord  would  see  his  daughter,  let  him  cut 
the  pasty  before  him."  The  father, 
horrified  at  the  whole  affair,  adjudged 
the  step-mother  to  be  burnt  alive,  and 
the  cook  to  stand  in  boiling  lead,  but  the 
scullion-boy  he  made  his  heir. — Percy, 
Retiques,  iii.  2. 

Isabella,  sister  of  Le'onor,  an  orphan  ; 
brought  up  by  Sganarelle  according  to 
his  own  notions  of  training  a  girl  to  make 
him  a  good  wife.  She  was  to  dre.s  in 
serge,  to  keep  to  the  house,  to  occupy 
herself  in  domestic  affairs,  to  sew,  knit, 
and  look  after  the  linen,  to  hear  no 
flattery,  attend  no  places  of  public 
amusement,  never  to  be  left  to  her  own 
devices,  but  to  run  in  harness  like  a 
mill-horse.  The  result  was  that  she 
duped  Sganarelle  and  married  Valire. 
(See  Lbohob.)  —  Moliexe,  L'ecoU  <Ls 
Maria  (1661). 

Isabinda,  daughter  of  sir  Jealous 
Traffics;  a  merchant.  Her  father  is  re* 
solved  she  shall  marry  don  Diego  Har- 
binetto,  but  she  is  in  love  sith  Charles 
Gripe:  and  Charles,  in  t.l  dress  of  *V 
Spam. ud,    passing    himse       off    as    th« 


ISENRRAS. 


4«0 


ISLE  OF  LANTERNS. 


Spanish  don,  marries  her.— Mn.  Cent- 
line,  The  Busy  Body  (1709). 

Iaenbras  (Sir),  a  hero  of  mediaeval 
romance.  Sir  Isenbraswas  at  first  proud 
and  presumptuous,  but  adversity  made 
him  humble  and  penitent.  In  this  stage 
ho  carried  two  children  of  a  poor  wood- 
outter  across  a  foril  on  his  horse. 

%*  Millais  has  taken  sir  Isenbras  carry- 
ing the  children  across  the  ferry,  as  the 
subject  of  one  of  his  pictures. 

I  warne  you  first  at  the  beffynnlntfe 

Tliat  1  will  make  ii"  vain  rarplnge  [prate]  .  .  . 

Of  Octorlane  and  lsembrase. 

William  of  Kautnjton. 

I'sengrin  (Sir)  or  Sin  Iskm.kim, 
the  wolf,  afterwards  created  earl  "f 
Pitwood.  in  the  beast-epic  of  Reynard  the 
rin  typifies  the  faron*. 
and  Reynard  the  Church,  The  gi>t  of 
the  tale  ii  to  show  how  Reynard  over- 
reaches his  uncle  Wolf  (1  ! 

Ishall,  the  name  of  Eve  before  the 
Fall;  bo  called  because  en  out 

of  wA,  i.e.  "man"  ((Ten,  ii.  88):  bul 
after  the  expulsion  from  paradise  Adam 
called  his  wife  Eve  or  Havah,  »'.«.  uthe 
mother  of  all  living"  (OY/i.  iii, 

Ishban,  meant  for  sir  Roheri  Clayton. 
There  is  no  such  name  in  the  Bible  as 
Ishban  ;  but  Tut*'  Bpeaks  of  "  extorting 
Ishban  pursued  by  "bankrupt  heirs. 
He  Bays  he  had  occupied  himself  long  in 
cheating,  but  then  undertook  to  "reform 
the  state." 

Ishbnn  of  conscience  flitted  to  Ills  trade, 
i  Hint  .in  uatirer  a'ar  rnadi  .  .  . 
Could  David  .  .  ■  Randal  •>ith  his  name  .  .  . 

Hc'U  tin  turn  loyal  to  be  made 

Tata,  .ii4ifi<niaii<i  Achitoyhtl,  II.  (1682). 

Ishtosheth,  in  Dryden's  satii 
Abaalom  and  Achitophei,  is  meant  for 
Richard  Cromwell,  whose  father  Oliver 
is  called  "  Saul."  As  Ishboahetfa  was 
the  only  surviving  son  of  Saul,  so  Richard 
was  the  only  surviving  son  of  CromwelL 
As  Ishbosheth  was  accepted  king  on  the 
death  of  his  father  by  all  except  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  so  Richard  was  acknowledged 
"protector"  by  all  except  the  royalists. 
As  Ishbosheth  reigned  only  a  few  months, 
so  Richard,  after  a  few  months,  retired 
into  private  life. 

Than  who,  whan  Saul  was  dead,  without  a  blow 
Made  fooHah  Eahboabath  thaorown  ' 

Drrdan,  Aitatom  ami  aoMtojAel,  I.  (1681). 

iBh'nionie  (:>  sy/.),  the  petrified  city 
in  U|ii>cr  Egypt,  full  of  inhabitants  all 
turned  to  stone. — Firry,  Fins  of  tlic  Le- 
vant. 


%*  Captain  Marryatt  has  borrowed 
this  idea  in  his  Pacha  of  Many  1'alcs. 

I'sidore  (3  sy!.),  a  Greek  slave,  the 
concubine  of  don  !'•  ■  i r--  a  Sicilian  noble- 
man. This  slave  is  beloved  by  Adnata 
(■_'  >v/.)a  French  gentleman,  who  plots  tc 
allure  her  away.  He  lir>t  get!  introduced 
as  a  portrait-painter,  and  revealshis  love. 
Li. i..re  listens  with  pleasure,  and  pn 

to  elope  with  him.'    He  then  sends  bis 

slave  Zalde  to  complain  to  dmi  1'edre  of 
ill-treatment,    and    to    crave    protection. 

Don  Pedre  promises  to  stand  her  friend, 

and  at  this  moment  Adnata  appears  and 
demands  that  she  be  given  np  to  the 
punishment  6he  deserves,     Pedre  inter- 

Adnata  seems  to  relent  ;  and  the 
Sicilian  calls  to  the  young  slave  to 
ai  pear.    Instead  of  /aide,  Isidore  comes 

forth  in  /.aide's  veil.  "There,"  says 
Pedre,  "1  have  arranged  everything. 
Take   her,    and    use    her  well."      "  1    will 

-  the  Frenchman,  and  leads 
off  the  Greek  ii  ive.  -  lioliere,  L$  -v 
ire  (1G67). 

Isis,  the  moon.     The  sun  is  Osi'ris. — 

They  |f»«  prirtu]  wore  rich  mitre*  shaped  like  the  moon 

ith  the  BBOoa  |>orteiid. 
Like  as  Osiris  t>. 

Siwnser.  Fairy  Queen,  T.  7  (IBM). 

Iskander  Beg=A/criint/tr  the  droit, 
George Caatriot  (14M-1467).    (See  Scan- 

111.  Kill  l..) 

Iskander  -with  the  Two  Horns, 
Alexander  the  <  treat. 

Tlili  Friday  h  the  lsth  day  of  the  moon  of  Rafar.  In  the 
i  :'..-  hrgira.  vr  A.D.  TJiS]  since  tlie  retreat 

of  tha  graal  propbal  from  Maosato  Madna;  and  in  tl.o 
of  the  epoch  of  i.r  with  the  two 

horns.— A  rtbi.it,  ,\ijl,u  ("  The  Tailor  s  Story  "). 

Island  of  the   Seven  Cities,  a 

kind  of  Oixie's  land,  where  seven  bishops, 
who  quitted  Spain  during  the  dominion  of 
the  Moors,  founded  seven  cities.  The 
le  'end  says  that  many  hare  visited  the 
island,  but  no  one  has  ever  quitted  it. 

Islands  of  the  Blest,  called  by  the 
Creeks    "Happy    Islands,"    and    by    the 
Latins  "Fortunate   Islands;"  imaginary 
islands  somewhere  in  the  West,  where  the 
favourites    of  the  gods    are  conveyed    at 
death,  and  dwell  in  everlasting  joy. 
Their  place  of  birth  alone  Is  mute 
To  sound*  that  tvho  further  west 
Than  your  sire's  Islands  of  the  Blest. 

Isle  of  Lanterns,  an  imaginary 
country,  inhabited  bj  pretenden  to  know- 
ledge, called  "  Lanf  i  niois." — ltalniam, 
PantaifruM,  v.  82,  o'6  1 1645). 


ISLE  OF  MIST. 


481 


ISOND. 


%*  Lucian  has  a  similar  conceit,  called 
The  Citi/  of  Lanterns  ;  and  dean  Swift,  in 

his  Gulliver's  Travels,  makes  his  hero  visit 
Laputu,  which  is  an  empire  of  quacks, 
false  projectors,  and  pretenders  to  science. 

Isle  of  Mist,  the  Isle  of  Sky,  whose 
high  hills  are  almost  always  shrouded  in 
mist. 

Nor  sleep  thy  hand  by  thy  side,  chief  of  the  Isle  of  Mist. 
— Ossian,  >'</<:/ U,  L 

Islington  ( The  marquis  of),  one  of 
the  companions  of  Billy  Barlow  the  noted 
archer.  Henry  VIII.  jocosely  created 
Barlow  "duke  of  Shoreditch,"  and  his 
two  companions  "earl  of  l'ancras  "  and 
"  marquis  of  Islington." 

Ismael  "the  Infidel,"  one  of  the 
Immortal  Guard. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Isme'ne  and.  Isme'nias,  a  love 
story  inGreekbyEustatliius,in  the  twelfth 
century.  It  is  puerile  in  its  delineation 
of  character,  and  full  of  plagiarisms  ;  but 
many  of  its  details  have  been  copied 
by  D'Urfe,  Montemayor,  and  others. 
Ismene  is  the  "  dear  and  near  and  true  " 
lady  of  Isme'nias. 

%*  Through  the  translation  by  God- 
frey of  Viterbo,  the  talc  of  Fsmeni  and 
Isiucnias  forms  the  basis  of  Gower'a 
Confessio  Amantis,  and  Shakespeare's 
Peru-Acs  Prince  of  Tyre. 

Isme'no,  a  magician,  once  a  Christian, 
but  afterwards  a  renegade  to  Islam.     He 

was  killed  by  a  stone  hurled  from  an 
engine. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  xviii. 
(1575). 

Isoc'rates  {The  French),  Esprit 
Flechier,  bishop  of  Nisnies  ( h;;>l>  171U). 

Isoline  (8  syl.)t  the  high-minded  and 
heroic  daughter  of  the  French  governor  of 
Ifessi'na,  and  bride  of  Fernando  (son  of 
John  of  Proelda).  Isoline  was  true  to 
her  husband,  and  true  to  her  rather,  who 
had  opposite  interests  in  Sicily.  Both 
Cell  victims  to  the  butchery  called  the 
"Sicilian  Vespers"  (March  80,  L282),and 
Isoline  died  of  a  broken  heart. — S. 
Knowlea,  Johnof  Procida  (1840). 

Isolt.  There  are  two  ladies  connected 
with  Arthurian  romance  of  this  name: 
one,  Isolt  "tlie  Fair,"  daughter  of  Anguish 
king  of  Ireland  ;  and  the  other  Isolt  "of 
the  White  Hands,"  daughter  of  Howell 
king  of  Brittany.  Isolt  tru  Fair  was  the 
«ife  of  sir  Mark  kinu'  of  Cornwall,  but 
Isolt  of  the  White  Hands  vras  the  wife  of 
*ir   Tr- train.      Sir    Tristram    loved    Isolt 

a; 


tlie  Fair  ;  and  Isolt  hated  sir  Mark,  her 
husband,  with  the  same  measure  thut  she 
loved  sir  Tristram,  her  nephew-in-law. 
Tennyson's  tale  of  thz  death  of  sir  Tris- 
tram is  so  at  variance  with  the  romaoce, 

that  it  must  be  given  separately.  Be 
says     that    fir    '1  i  is    one    day 

dallying  with  Isolt  the  Fur,  and  put  a 
ruby  carcanet  round  her  neck.  Then, 
as  he  kissed  her  throat : 

Out  of  the  dark.  Just  as  the  lips  had  touched, 
Behlndhlin  ■  mid  a  shriek — 

"Mark's  way  !  "  said  M:irk.  Hid  d  .»•■  him  thro'  the  bralu. 
Tennyson,  1/m  La*t  Toumammt.     i»ue  Ia<MU>.) 

Isond,  called  La  Bcale Isond,  i.e.  La 
Belle  Jsond,  daughter  of  Anguish  king  uf 
Ireland.  When  sir  Tristram  vanquished 
sir  Marhaus,  he  went  to  Ireland  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds.  La  Beale  Isond 
■was  his  leech,  and  fell  in  love  with  him  ; 
but  she  married  sir  Mark  the  dastard 
king  of  Cornwall.  This  marriage  was 
very  unhappy,  for  Isond  hated  Mark  as 
much  as  she  loved  sir  Tristram,  with 
whom  she  eloped  and  lived  in  JoyOQS 
Guard  Castle,  but  was  in  time  restored  to 
her  husband,  and  Tristram  married  Isond 
the  Fair-handed.  In  the  process  of  time, 
Tristram,  being  severely  wounded,  BC 
La  Beale  Isond,  who  alone  could  cure  him, 
and  if  the  lady  consented  to  come  the 
vessel  was  to  hoist  a  white  flair.  The 
ship  hove  in  sight,  and  Trist  i an 
of  jealousy,  told  him  it  carried  a  W 
at  the  mast-head.  On  hearing  this,  sir 
Tristram  fell  back  on  his  bed,  and  died. 
When  La  Beale  Isond  landed,  and  heard 
that  sir  Tristram  was  dead,  she  thing 
herself  on  the  body,  and  died  also.  The 
two  were  buried  in  one  grave,  on  which 
a  rose  and  vine  were  planted,  which  grew 
up  and  so  intermingled  their  brai 
that  no  man  could  separate  them.-  SirT, 
Malory,    History   of    1  w,  ii. 

(1470). 

***  Sir    PalimedeS    the    Saracen    {i.e. 
unbapti/.ed)  nUo  loved    La  Beale  isond, 
but  met    with  *no    enconragemi  i 
Kay  1  ledius  died  for  love  of  her. — History 
of  rr  ",  ii.  1 7 "_' . 

hand  U  daughter    of 

Howell  kin;;  of  Britain  (i.e.  Brittany). 
Sir  Tristram  fell  in  hue  With  her  for  her 
name's  sake;  but,  though  he  married  her, 
his  love  for  La  Beale  Isond,  wife  of  lus 
ancle  Mark,  new  stronger  and  stronger. 
When  sir  Tristram  «:>>  dying  ai 
i !i ii  his  uncle's  w  lie,  it  was  Isond  /<  Blanch 

Mams  who  told  him  the  ship  was  in  si^'ht, 
but  earned  S  fct    the   liia.-t-head, 

On  hearing  winch  sir  Tristram  bowed  h's 
2  I 


ISRAEL. 

head  and  died.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  35,  etc.  (1170). 

Is'rael,    in    Dryden'e    Absalom    and 

Achit"/i/«l,  meant  England.  As  David 
was  king  <>f  Israel,  so  Charles  II.  was 
king  of  England.  Of  his  son,  the  duke 
of  Monmouth,  the  poet  says  : 

Early  In  foreljrn  fields  he  won  renown 

Willi  Mr.'    mil  states  allied  to  Israel's  crown. 

Dlftfcn,  Atnulo'n  mid  Achitophtl.  L  (1681). 

Is'raolites  (3  syl.),  Jewish  money- 
leaders. 

...  nil  the  Israelites  are  fit  to  mnti  its 
Ntxt  owner,  lor  their  .  .  .  post  oMt». 

l.W'ii.  lion  Juan.  I.  123(1819). 

Is'rafil,    tlie   anfrel  who    will  sound 
the  "  Resurrection  blast."    Then  Gabriel 
and  Michael  will  cull  together  t' 
bones  "  to  judgment.     When  Israfil  puts 
the  trumpet  to  his  month,  the  souls  ox  tlie 
dead  will   be  east  into  the  trim 
when  he  blows,  out  will  they  By  lil 
and  fill  the  whole  space  between  earth  and 
heaven.       Then     will     they      inter     their 

respective  bodies,  Ifahotnet  Leading  the 
way.— Sale,  Kor&m  (l'reliminary  dis- 
course, iv.). 

*m*    Israfil,    the     angel     of   melody    in 

paradise.  It  is  said  that  his  ravishing 
songs,  accompanied  by  the  daoghteis  of 
paradise  and  the  rlnnging  of  bella,  will 
give  delight  to  the  faithful. 

Is'sachar,  in  I  >ry  den's  Absalom  and 

Achitophel,  is  meant  for  Thomas  Thymic 
ot  Longleats  Hall,  a  friend  to  the  duke  of 
Monmouth.  There  seems  to  be  B  \ery 
Blight  analog)'  between  Thomas  Thymic 
and  Is9fichar  son  of  Jacob.  If  the  (nV 
(compared  to  an  ass  overburdened)  is 
alluded  to,  the  poet  could  hardly  have 
■ailed  the  rich  commoi  •  u-har." 

Mr.    Thynne  and  count  Koningsmark 
Loth  wished  to  marry  the  widow  of  Henry 
mlish    earl    of    Ogle.     Her    friends 
contracted  her  to  tlie  rich  commoner,  but 
before  the  marriage  was  consummated,  be 

was  murdered.  Three  manths  afterwards, 
the  willow  married  the  duke  of  Somerset. 

Hospitable  t rents  did  most  commend 

t-oachar.  his  wealUijr  western  friend. 
Drjrdcn,  Abtaiom  and  Achitojhtl.  1.  (1881). 

lsFtland,  the  kingdom  of  Brunhild. — 
The  A'ibeluw/cn  Lied. 

Istakhar,  in  Fars  (Persia),  upon  a 
rock.  (The  word  means  "the  throne  of 
Jemshid.")  It  is  also  called  ' •  * "h i  1  '— 
Mmar',"  or  the  forty  pillan.  The  Greeks 
culled  it    Persep'olis.     Istakhar  was  the 

cemetery    of     the    Persian   kings,   and  a 

'oviil  treasury. 


482  ITU  1/ KIEL. 


She  was  fired  with  Impatience  to  behold  the  super* 
tomta  rf  Istakhar,  uid  the  palace  of  fort)  columns. — W 
Beckford.  faVusk  (1786). 

Isumbras  {.Sir)  or  Yeumbras.    (So* 

IsENHKAS.j 

Itadach  (Cvlman),  surnamed  "The 
Thirsty."     In    consequence  of    his  rigid 

obw  rvanee  r>f  the  rule  of  St.  Patrick,  he 
refused  to  drink  one  single  drop  of  water  , 
hut  his  thirst  in  the  harvest-time  was  fn> 
gXfjat  that  it  caused  bJS  death. 

Item,    a    money-l>roker.     He   was  a 

thorough    villain,     who     could     "  bally. 

cajole,    curse,   fawn,    llatter,    and    filch." 

Mr.  Item  always  advised  his  clients  not 

away    their   money,    hut    at   the 

ro  them  the  imperative 

•y  of  so  doing.    "I  would  advise 

rongly  not  to  pot  your  hand  to  that 

though    Heaven   knows    BOD 

you  can    satisfy    these  duns   and  escape 

imprisonment.  — Holeroft,    '  •' 

:tcr  (altered  into  The  Steward). 

Ith'acan  Suitors.  Dnriag  the 
absence  of    Ulysses  king  of   Uhaea   is) 

the   Trojan   war, 

I   by  oamerons  suitors,  who  as- 
sumed that  l'l>  sses,  from  his  long  si 
mu>t  be  dead.     Penelope*   pot  them  otT 
by    saying   she  would    finish  a  certain 

robe  which   she  was  making   for  I..- 

lor  father-in-law.  i  gave  her 

final    answer    to    any    of    them  ;     hut   at 
night    she  undid    all    the    work    she    had 
during    the    day.      At     length, 
I  -  r.  turned,  and  relieved  her  of  her 

perplexity. 

All  the  ladles,  each  at  each. 
like  the  Ithacenslan  suitors  In  old  Ums, 
Blared  with  great  ejres  and  laughed  with  alien  Ilpa 
Teunrauo.  Tk4  I'rmctu,  I*. 

Ith'OClo8       (3     5!/..),      m      l"v0      w'tn 

Calantha  princess    of    Bparta,     [thoclea 

in. hues  his  sistei  lVnthe.n  to  break  the 
matter  to  the  ;>rineess,  and  in  time  she 
not  only  Incomes  reconciled  to  his  love 
hut  also  requites  it,  and  her  father  con- 
sents to  the  marriage.  During  a  court 
festival.  Calantha  is  informed  by  a  mes- 
senger that  her  father  has  suddenly  died, 
by  a  second  that  Penthea  has  starved 
herself  to  death,  and  by  a  third  that 
IthoelSa  has  been  murdered.  The  mur- 
derer was  <  'r'gi'us,  who  killed  him  out  of 
e. — lohn  Ford,  The  Brvhen  Heart 

Ithu'riel  (4  syl.),  a  cherub  sent  by 
Gabriel  to  find  out  Satin.  He  finds  him 
squatting  like  a  to;id  beside  Vv  as  she 
lay  asleep,  and  brings  him  before  Gabriels 


ITHURIEL. 


483 


IVY  LANE. 


J  The  word  means  "  God's  discover.-. ") — 
filton,  Paradise  Lost,  iv.  788  (10G5). 

Ith  unci's  Spear,  the  spear  of  the  angel 
Ithuriel,  whose  slightest  touch  exposed 
deceit.  Hence,  when  Satan  squatted  like 
a  toad  "  close  to  the  ear  of  Eve," 
Ithuriel  only  touched  the  creature  with 
his  spear,  and  it  resumed  the  form  of 
Satan. 

...  for  no  falsehood  can  endure 
Touch  of  celestial  temper,  but  returns 
Of  force  to  its  own  likeness. 

Milton,  J'aradite  Lott,  iv.  (1665). 

Ithu'ricl,  the  guardian  angel  of  -hulas 
Iscariot.  After  Satan  entered  into  the 
heart  of  the  traitor,  Ithuriel  was  given  to 
Simon  Peter  as  his  second  angel. — Klop- 
stock,  The  Messiah,  iii.  and  iv.  (1748, 
1771). 

Ivan  the  Terrible,  Ivan  IV.  of 
Russia,  a  man  of  great  energy,  but  in- 
famous for  his  cruelties.  It  was  he  who 
first  adopted  the  title  of  czar  (1521), 
1533-1584). 

I'vanhoe  (3  syl.),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (1820).  The  most  brilliant  and 
splendid  of  romances  in  any  language. 
Kebecca,  the  Jewess,  was  Scott's  favourite 
character.  The  scene  is  laid  in  England 
in  the  reign  of  Richard  I.,  and  we  are 
introduced  to  Robin  Hood  in  Sherwood 
Forest,  banquets  in  Saxon  halls,  tourna- 
ments, and  all  the  pomp  of  anciett 
chivalry.  Rowena,  the  heroine,  is  quite 
thrown  into  the  shade  by  the  gentle, 
meek,  yet  high-souled  Rebecca. 

Ivanhoe  (Sir  Wilfred  knight  of),  the 
favourite  of  Richard  I.,  and  the  disin- 
herited son  of  Cedric  of  Rotherwood. 
Disguised  as  a  palmer,  he  goes  to  Rother- 
wood, and  meets  there  Rowe'nahis  lather's 
ward,  with  whom  he  falls  in  love  ;  but 
we  hear  little  more  of  him  except  as  the 
friend  of  Rebecca  and  her  father  Isaac  of 
York,  to  both  of  whom  he  shows  repeated 
acts  of  kindness,  and  completely  wins 
the  affections  of  the  beautiful  Jewess. 
In  the  grand  tournament,  Ivanhoe 
[I'.  van.hv]  appears  as  the  "Desdichado  " 
or  the  "  Disinherited  Knight,"  and  over- 
throws all  comers.  King  Richard  ['leads 
for  him  tn  Cedric,  reconciles  the  father  to 
his  son,  and  the  young  knight  marries 
Rowena. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Ivan'ovitch  (son  of  Ivan  or  John), 
the  popular  name  of  a  Russian.  Similar 
in  construction  to  our  "John-son,"  the 
1  lanish  "  Jan-sen,"  and  the  Scotch  "  Muc- 
in*." 


%*  The  popular  name  of  the  English* 
as  a  people  is  John  Hull ;  of  the  Germans, 
Cousin  Michael  ;  of  the  French,  Joar* 
Crapand  ;  of  the  Chinese,  John  China- 
man ;  of  the  Americans,  Brother  Jon- 
athan ;  of  the  Welsh,  Taffy;  of the  £ 
Bandy;  of  the  Swiss,  Colin  Tamp 
the  Russians,  Ivanovitoh,  etc. 

Iverach  (Allan),  or  steward  of  Invera- 
schalloch  with  Gallraith,  at  the  Claehan 
of  Aberfoyle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Ives  (St.),  originally  called  Slepe. 
Its  name  was  changed  in  honour  of  St. 
Ive,  a  Persian  missionary. 

From  Persia,  led  by  zeal.  St.  Ive  tills  islnnd  sought. 
And  near  our  cistern  fens  a  fit  place  finding,  U:i.:!.t 
The  faith  ;  which  place  from  him  alone  the  name  derive*. 
And  of  that  Minted  man  has  since  been  nailed  St.  Ive-;. 
Drayton,  1'oiyoibion,  xxtv.  (lij'ja). 

Ivory  Gate  of  Dreams,  Dreams 
which  delude  pass  through  the  ivory  gate, 
but  those  which  come  true  through  the 
horn  gate.  This  whim  depends  upon  two 
puns :  Ivory,  in  Greek,  is  cicphas,  and  the 
verb  elephairo  means  "  to  cheat ; "  horn, 
in  Greek,  is  hcras,  and  the  verb  karattfft 
means  "to  accomplish." 

Bunt  geminso  somni  portre,  quanim  altera  fertur 
Cornea,  quaveri.  facftii  datur  exltui  iimbria  ; 
Altera  candentl  perfecta  nltwu  elephanto, 
Sed  falsa  ad  ctBlnm  mittunl  Insomnia  Mam's. 

Vir.,,1.  /Eneid,  vi.  BW-e". 

From  gate  of  horn  or  ivory,  dreams  are  sent ; 

These  to  deceive,  and  those  for  warning 

Ivory  Shoulder.  Demeter  ate  the 
shoulder  of  Pelops,  served  up  by  Tan'- 
talos  ;  so  when  the  gods  restored  the 
body  to  life,  Dcmeter  supplied  the  lark- 
ing shoulder  by  one  made  of  ivory. 

Pythag'oras  had  a  golden  thigh,  which 
he  showed  to  Ab'aris  the  Hyperlior.'au 
priest. 

Not  Pelops'  shoulder  whiter  than  her  handa, 
Nor  snowy  swans  that  Jet  on  1--  i-  >ands. 
Wm.  Browne,  BrUantlia'l   PoHoraU,  li.  i  (1813). 

Ivory  Tube  of  prince  Ali,  a 
sort  of  telescope,  which  showed  the  per- 
son who  looked  through  it  whatever  he 
wished  most  to  see. — Arabian  Xijhts 
("Ahmed  and  Pari-Banou"). 

Ivry,  in  France,  famous  for  the  battle 
won  by  Henry  of  Navarre  over  the 
League  (l.V.m). 

Hurrah  !  hurrah  !  a  single  field 
Hath  turned  the  clniux'  of  war. 

Hurrah  !  hurrah  1   (or  lirj, 
And  Hriiry  *•'.    Navarre, 

Lord  M.naulay,  l,iyt  ("  lrry,"  1S12L 

Ivy  Lane,  London  ;  so  called  from 
the  houses  of  the  prebendaries  of  St. 
l'anl,  overgrown  with  ivy,  which  onoa 
stood  then. 


IWEIN. 


484 


JACK  AMEND-ALL. 


I'wein,  a  knight  of  the  Round  Table. 
He  slays  the  pnnncinsor  of  an  enchanted 
fountain,  and  marries  the  widow,  whom 
name  is  Laudine.  Gaw'ein  or  Gawain 
urges  him  to  new  exploits,  bo  he  quits 
his  wife  for  a  year  in  quest  of  adventures, 
and  as  lie  does  not  return  at  the  stated 
time,  Laudine  loses  all  love  for  bini.  On 
his  return,  he  pics  mad,  and  wanders  in 
the  woods,  where  he  is  cured  by  three 
sorcerers.  He  now  helps  a  lion  fighting 
against  a  dragon,  and  the  lion  becomes  his 
faithful  companion.  He  goes  to  the 
enchanted  fountain,  and  there  finds 
Lunet'  prisoner.  While  struggling  with 
the  enchanted  fountain,  Linn  t  aids  him 
with  bear  ring,  and  he  in  turn  saves  her 
life.  By  the  help  of  his  lion,  Iwein  kills 
several  giants,  delivers  three  hundred 
virgins,  ami,  on  his  return  to  king 
Arthur's  court,  marries  I.unet. — llartmann 

von  der  Aue  (thirteenth  century). 

Ixi'on,  king  of  the  Lap'ithte,  at- 
tempted to  win  the  love  of  |  l,rr  (Juno)  ; 
hut  /ens  substituted  a  cloud  for  the 
goddess,  and  a  centaur  was  born. 

%*  K.  Browning  calls  the  name  in- 
correctly  Ix'ion,  as  : 

Jovi  prove  fff  II  IT  ill ; 

Mix  nrr  tlie  n ural  Ixtons. 
ltobert  Browning.  Dranuuic  Lyrics  ("Tlie  Glove"). 


J. 


J.  (in  Punch),  the  signature  of  Douglas 
iTerrold,  who  first  contributed  to  No.  9  of 
the  serial  (1 803-1858). 

Jaafer,  who  carried  the  sacred  banner 
of  the  prophet  at  tb*  battle  of  Muta. 
When  one  nana  was  lopped  off,  he 
clutched  the  banner  with  tlie  other;  this 
hand  being  also  lost,  he  held  it  with  his 
two  stumps.  When,  at  length,  his  bead 
was  cleft  from  his  body,  he  contrived  so 
to  fall  as  to  detain  the  banner  till  it  was 
seized  by  Abdallah,  and  handed  to  Kha- 
led. 

Ctn^egkros,  in  the  battle  of  Mara- 
thon, seized  one  of  the  Persian  ships  with 
bis  right  hand.  When  this  was  lopped  off, 
)>c  hud  hold  of  it  With  his  left  ;  and  when 
t'lis  was  also  cut  off,  lie  seized  it  with 
his  teeth,  and  held  on  till  he  lost  bit 
head. 


Admikai.  Bbjjuow,  in  an  engagement 
with  the  French  near  St.  Martha,  in  1701, 
was  carried  on  deck  on  a  wooden  frame 
after  both  his  legs  and  thighs  were 
shivered  into  splinters  by  chain-shot. 

Ai.mkyi>a,  the  Portuguese  governor  of 
India,  had  himself  prop|*d  against  the 
mainmast  after  both  his  legs  were  shot 
off. 

Jabos  (Jock),  postilion  at  the  Golden 
Anns   inn,  Kippletringan,  of  which  Mrs. 
M't'andlish  was  landlady. — Sir  W.  5 
(ju'j  Mannermj  (time,  George  II.). 

Ja'chin,  the  parish  clerk,  who  pur- 
loined the  sacramental  money,  and  died 
disgraced. — (,'rabbe,  Bvrvu-jh  (1810). 

Jacinta,  a  first-rate  cook,  "who  de- 

to  be  housekeeper  to  the  patriarch 

of  the   Indie  I  only  cook  to  the 

licentiate  Bedlllo  of  Valladolid. — Qh.fi.  1. 

Tlie  nx>k,  who  wis  no  lea  dexterous  than  Paine 
Jarlnta.  was  Restated  by  the  coachman  In  dressing  Uie 
victuals.— Uaxe.  Oil  Blot,  lit.  10  (1715). 

Jacin'tha,   the    supposed    wife    of 

10,  and  formerly  contracted  to  don 

Henrique  (2  syl.)  an   uxorious   Spanish 

nobleman.  —  l'.eaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 

i  Curate  (1622). 

Jacinth*,  the  wealthy  ward  of  Mr. 
Strickland ;  in  love  with  Bellamy,    .'a- 

cintha  is  staid  but  resolute,  .and  though 
"she  elopes  down  a  ladder  of  ropes"  in 
boy's  costume,  has  plenty  of  good  sense 
and  female  modesty. — Dr.  Iloadly,  Tin 
Suspicions  Husband  (1747). 

Jack  (Colonel),   the   hero   of   Defoe's 
novel   entitled    The   History  of  th 
RemarhabU  Life  and  ExtraontHar 

ventures  <f  the  truly  I/on,  Colonel  J 
vulgarly  called  Coluncl  Jack.  The  c 
(born  a  gentleman  and  bred  a  pick- 
pocket) goes  to  Virginia,  and  passes 
through  all  the  stages  of  colonial  life, 
from  that  of  "  slavte "  to  that  of  an 
owner  of  slaves  and  plantations. 

Tlie  transition  from  their  refined  Omn'datAe  and 
Stati  nu  to  the  society  of  captain  [tic]  Jack  ami  Moll 
Flanders  ...  Is  (to  use  a  phrase  of  Sterne)  like  turning 
from  Alexander  the  Great  to  Alexander  the  coppersmith. 
— tncye.  Hrit.,  Art.  "  Koniaiico  " 

Jack  Amend-all,  a  nickname  given 
to  Jack  Cade  tlie  rebel,  who  promised  to 
remedy  all  abuses  C*-1450).     As  a 
men  of  his  reforms,  take  the  following 
examples: — 

I  roar  captain,  am  brave,  and  vow  reformation.  There 
shall  be  in  Kntiland  seven  liali  penny  loaves  sold  for  a 
pannj  ;  the  threw  hooped  pot  >i..i:i  have  laa  lumps;  and  I 
will  make  it  Man  to  ilnnk  small  lieer.  .  .  .  When  I  aiv 
kiaSi  there  sh.il;  i  .,11  sliaU  eat  and  drink  on 

Hi)    core |  and  I  will  apparel  s\D  In  "he  livery. - 
i-l-Mtrr.  I  llntry  I  I.  ail  Iv.  sc.  I  IISVl). 


JACK  AND  JILL. 


485 


JACK-WITII-A-LANTERN. 


Jack  and  Jill,  said  to  be  the  Saxon 
and  Norman  stocks  united. 

Jack  ami  Jill  went  up  the  Mil, 

To  fetch  a  pail  of  water ; 
Jack  felt  down  antl  iti  k>-d   \U  crown. 

And  J  ill  came  tumbling  at  t  er. 

Kvrwry  Rfrnm*. 

Or  thus  : 

Twas  not  on  Alpine  Ice  or  snow. 

But  homely  English  soil ; 
'"  bcekdot  1  "  lln'ir  motto  was  ; 

Tlicy  spared  nor  time  nor  toil ; 
They  did  not  go  for  fame  or  wealth. 

Hut  went  at  duty',  i  ill ; 
Ami  Uio'  united  In  their  aim, 

Were  severed  In  their  falL 

Jack  and  the  Bean-Stalk.  Jack 
was  a  very  poor  lad,  sent  by  his  mother 
to  sell  a  cow,  which  he  parted  with  to  a 
butcher  for  a  few  beans.  His  mother,  in 
her  rage,  threw  the  beans  away  ;  but  one 
of  them  grew  during  the  night  as  high 
as  the  heavens.  Jack  climbed  the  stulk, 
and,  by  the  direction  of  a  fairy,  came  to 
a  giant's  castle,  where  he  begged  food  and 
rest.  This  he  did  thrice,  and  in  his  three 
visits  stole  the  giant's  red  hen  which  laid 
golden  eggs,  his  money-bags,  and  his 
harp.  As  he  ran  oil'  with  the  last  trea- 
sure, the  harp  cried  out,  "  Master ! 
master!"  which  woke  the  giant,  who 
ran  after  Jack  ;  but  the  nimble  lad  cut 
the  bean-stalk  with  an  axe,  and  the  giant 
was  killed  in  his  fall. 

%*  This  is  said  to  be  an  allegory  of 
the  Teutonic  Al-fader:  the  "red  hen" 
representing  the  all-producing  sun,  the 
"money-bags"  the  fertilizing  rain,  and 
the  "  harp  "  the  winds. 

Jack-in-the-Green,    one    of    the 

May-day  mummers. 

%*  Dr.  Owen  Pugh  says  that  Jaek-in- 
the-Green  represents  Mclvas  king  of 
Somersetshire,  disguised  in  green  boughs 

and  lying  in  ambush  for  queen  (iuenever 
the  wife  of  king  Arthur,  as  she  was 
returning  from  a  hunting  expedition. 

Jack-o'-Lent,  a  kind  of  aunt  Sally 
set  up  during  Lent  to  be  pitched  at;  hence 

a  puppet,  a  sheepish  booby,  a   boj 

u  scarecrow.     Mrs.  1'age  says  to  Robin, 

PalstafTi  page : 

You  little  Jack-a-Lent.  hare  you  loon  truo  to  us?— 
B)>Akua|>eare,  Merry  II  iku  of  Mindtor.  act.  in.  » .  3 
(1S0S). 

Jack  of  Newbury,  John  Winch- 
comb,  the  greatest  clothier  of  the  world 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.     He  kept  a 

hundred  looms  in  his  own  house  at  New- 
bury, and  equipped  al  his  own  expense 
a  hundred  of  ins  men  to  aid  the  kins 
•gainst  the  Scotch  in  bTodden  Field 
11*18). 


Jack     Robinson.      This     famous 
comic  son^'   is    by    Hudson,   tobac' 
.  Shoe  Lane,  London,  in  the 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century.     '1 1 
line  is,  "And  he  was  oil  before  you  could 
say  'Jack  Robinson. ,M   'lie-  tune  to  which 
the  words  are  sung  is  the  Seniors'  II<>rn- 
pipe,      Halliwi  II   quotes    these    two    lines 
from  an  "  old  play  i  " 

A  w:irk'j  it  ys  as  caslo  to  be  doone 
As  ' tys  to  saye,  Jack)  I  rolyt  on. 

Archaic  Dictionary. 

Jack  Sprat,  of  nursery  rhymes. 

Jack  Sprit  rouM  rat  no  f.-.t. 
His  wife  could  eat  no  lean  ; 

And  so  betwixt  'em  both. 
They  licked  the  platter  clean. 

Jack  the  Giant- Killer,  a  series  of 
nursery  talcs  to  show  the  mastery  of  skill 
and  wit  over  brute  strength.  Jack  en- 
counters various  giants,  but  outwits  them 
all.  The  following  would  illustrate  tin? 
sort  of  combat:  Suppose  they  came  to  a 
thick  iron  door,  the  giant  would  belabour 
it  with  his  club  hour  after  hour  without 
effect  ;  but  Jack  would  apply  a  delicate 
key,  and  the  door  would  open  at  once. 
This  is  not  one  of  the  stories,  but  will 
serve  to  illustrate  the  sundry  coi 
.lack  was  a  "valiant  Cornishman,"  and 
his  first  exploit  was  to  kill  tiie  giant 
Oonnoran,  by  digging  a  deep  nit  which 
he  filmed  over  with  grass,  etc.  The  giant 
fell  into  the  pit,  and  Jack  knocked  him 
on  the  head  with  a  hatchet.  Jack  after- 
wards obtained  a  coat  of  invisibility.  ;l 
cap  of  knowledge,  a  resistless  sword,  and 
shoes,  of  swiftness;  and,  thus  armed,  he 
almost  rid  Wales  of  its  giants. 

Our  Jack  the  Giant-killer  Is  clearly    the   Inst  modern 
ti,m  mutation  >>f  ti»'  old  BrUtan  legend  b  id  bj 
of  Monmouth,   "i  Cortneoi  the  Trajan,   the  oo 
of  tin'  Trojan  Brutui  when  he  first  settled  In  Britain.— 
Massoiu 

Jack-with-a-Lantern.  This  me- 
teoric   phenomenon,   when   seen  on  the 

ground   or   a   little   above   it,  is   called   by 

sundry  names,  as  Brerming-drake,  Burn- 
ing  candle,    Corpse   candles,    Hank   Will, 

Death  lircs,  Dick-a-Tuesday,  Elf -fire,  the 

Fair    maid    of    Ireland,     Friar's     lantern, 

Gillion-a-burnt-tail,  Gj  1  Burnt-tail,  Ignis 
fat  u us.  Jack-o'-lantern.  Jack-with ■»■  Bin- 

tem,      K  il-o'-the-canM  iek,       kitty-wi'-a- 

wi~|>,  Mad  Crisp,    Peg-erJantem,    Puck* 

Robin  Goodfellow,  Shot  stars.   Spittle  of 

rs,   Star  jelly,  a   Sylham   lamp,  a 

Walking  tire,  Wandering  tires,  Wandering 

wild -lire,    Will-w  ith-a-wisp. 

Those  led  astray  bj  these  "fool-fires" 
are  said  to  bo  Klf-led,  Mab-led,  or  I'uck- 
IcrL 


JACK'S. 

When  Been  on  the  tips  of  the  fingers,  the 
hair  of  the  head,  mast-tops,  and  so  on, 
the  phenomenon  is  called  Castor  and 
Pollux  (if  double),  Cuerpo  Santo 
(Spanish),  Corpusanse,  Dipsas,  St.  Elmo 
or  Fires  of  St.  Elmo  (Spanish),  St. 
Ermyn,  Feu  d'He'lene  (French),  Fire- 
drakes,  Fuole  or  Looke  Fuole,  Haggs, 
Helen  (if  single),  St.  Hel'ena,  St.  Helme's 
fires,  Leda's  twins,  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Nicholas  (Italian)  or  Fires  of  St.  Peter 
and  St.  Nicholas. 

The  superstitions  connected  with  these 
"fool-fires"  are:  That  they  are  souls 
broken  out  from  purgatory,  come  to  earth 
to  obtain  prayers  and  masses  for  their  de- 
liverance ;  that  they  are  the  mucus  sneezed 
from  the  nostrils  of  rheumatic  planets ; 
that  they  are  ominous  of  death  ;  that 
they  indicate  hid  treasures. 

Jack's,  a  noted  coffee-house,  where 
London  and  country  millers  used  to 
assemble  to  examine  their  purchases 
after  the  market  was  closed.  It  stood 
in  the  rear  of  old  'Change,  London. 

Jacks  (The  Two  Genial),  Jack  Munden 
and  Jack  Dowton.  Blanche- 6&ys:  "They 
were  never  called  anything  else."  The 
former  was  Joseph  Munden  (1758-1882), 
and  the  latter,  William  Dowton  (1764- 
1851). — Planche,  Recollections,  etc.,  i.  28. 

Jacob  the  Scourge  of  Gram- 
mar, Giles  Jacob,  master  of  Romsey,  in 
Soutbamptonshire,  brought  up  for  an 
attorney.     Author  of  a  Law  Dictionary, 

Lives  and   Characters  of  English   I'oets, 
etc.  (1686-1744). 

Jacob's  Ladder,  a  meteoric  appear- 
ance resembling  broad  beams  of  light 
from  heaven  to  earth.  A  somewhat 
similar  phenomenon  may  be  seen  when 
the  6un  shines  through  the  chink  or  hole 
of  a  closed  shutter.  The  allusion  is,  of 
course,  to  the  ladder  which  Jacob  dreamt 
about  (Gen.  xxviii.  12). 

Jacob's  Staff,  a  mathematical  in- 
strument for  taking  heights  and  distances. 

Reach,  then,  n  soaringqulll.  that  I  may  write 
As  with  a  Jacob'*  Staff  to  take  her  height. 
Cleveland,   The  Hecatomb  to  Hi*  JJittrest  (1&41). 

Jac'omo,  an  irascible  captain  and  a 
woman-hater.  Frank  (the  sister  of  Fre- 
derick) is  in  love  with  him. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Captain  (1613). 

Jacques  (1  syl.),  one  of  the  iomestic 
men-servants  of  the  duke  of  Aranza. 
The  duke,  in  order  to  tame  down  the 
overbearing  spirit  of  his  bride,  pretends 

to  be  a  peasant,  and  deputes  Jacques  to 


486  JAGGERS. 

represent  the  duke  for  the  nonee. 
Juliana,  the  duke's  bride,  lays  her 
grievance  before  "  duke "  Jacques,  but 
of  course  receives  no  redress,  although 
she  learns  that  if  a  Jacques  is  "duke," 
the  "  peasant"  Aranza  is  the  better  man. 
—J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon  (1804). 

Jacques  (Pauvre),  the  absent  bweet- 
heart  of  a  love-lorn  maiden.  Mane 
Antoinette  sent  to  Switzerland  for  a  lass 
to  attend  the  dairy  of  her  "  Swiss  village  " 
in  miniature,  which  she  arranged  in  the 
Little  Trianon  (Paris).  The  lass  was 
heard  sighing  for  pauvre  Jacques,  and  this 
was  made  a  capital  sentimental  amnse- 
ment  for  the  court  idlers.  The  swain  was 
sent  for,  and  the  marriage  consummated. 

Pauvre  Jacques,  quand  j'etals  prea  de  lol 

Je  ne  sentais  pas  ma  misere  ; 
Mais  a  present  que  tu  vis  loin  de  mol 

Je  manque  de  tout  sur  la  terre. 

Miirqube  de  Travanet,  Pauvrt  Jaaoutt 

Jacques.    (See  Jaques.) 

Jac'ulin,  daughter  of  Garrard  kfng 
of  the  f-eggars,  beloved  by  lord  Hubert. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Bcigars 
Bush  (1622). 

Jaffier,  a  young  man  befriended  by 
Priuli,  a  proud  Venetian  senator.  Jafiior 
rescued  the  senator's  daughter  Belvidera 
from  shipwreck,  and  afterwards  married 
her  clandestinely.  The  old  man  now 
discaidcd  both,  and  Pierre  induced  Jaffier 
to  join  a  junto  for  the  murder  of  the 
senators.  Jaffier  revealed  the  conspiracy 
to  his  wife,  and  Belvidera,  in  order  to 
save  her  father,  induced  her  husband  to 
disclose  it  to  Priuli,  under  promise  of  free 
pardon  to  the  conspirators.  The  pardon, 
however,  was  limited  to  Jaffier,  and  the 
rest  were  ordered  to  torture  and  death. 
Jaffier  now  sought  out  his  friend  Pierre, 
and,  as  he  was  led  to  execution,  stabbed 
him  to  prevent  his  being  broken  on  the 
wheel,  and  then  killed  himself.  Belvi- 
dera went  mad  and  died. — T.  Otway, 
Venice  Preserved  (1682). 

T.  Betterton  (1686-1710),  Robert  Wilks 
(1670-1732),  Spranger  Barry  (1710-1777), 
C.  M.  Young  (1777-1856),  and  W.  C. 
Macready  (1793-1873),  are  celebrated  for 
this  character. 

Jaga-naut,  the  seven-headed  idol  of 
the  Hindus,  described  by  Southey  in  the 
Curse  of  Kehama,  xiv.  (1809). 

Jaggers,  a  lawyer  of  Little  Britain, 
London.  He  was  a  burly  man,  of  an  ex- 
ceedingly dark  complexion,  with  a  large 
head  ana  large  hand.  He  had  bushy  black 
eyebrows  that  stood  up  bristling,  shary 


JAIBUS'S  DAUGHTER. 

Buspicioua  eyes  set  very  deep  in  his  head, 
and  strong  black  dots  where  his  beard 
and  whiskers  would  have  been  if  he  had 
let  them.  His  hands  smelt  strongly  of 
scented  soap,  he  wore  a  very  large  watch- 
chain,  was  in  the  constant  habit  of  biting 
his  fore-finger,  and  when  he  spoke  t"  any 
one,  he  threw  his  fore-finger  at  him 
pointedly.  A  hard,  logical  man  was  Mr. 
.'aggers,  who  required  an  answer  to  be 
•■  ves  "  or  "  no,"  allowed  no  one  t"  express 
an  opinion,  but  only  to  state  facts  in  the 
fewest  possible  words.  Magwitch  ap- 
pointed him  Pip's  guardian,  and  lie  was 
Miss  Havishani's  man  of  business. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (I860). 

Jairus's  Daughter,  restored  to 
life  by  Jesus,  is  called  by  KJopstock  Cidli. 
— Klopstock,   Z7i«  Messiah,  iv.  (1771). 

Jalut,  the  Arabic  name  foi  Goliath. — 
Sale,  Al  Koran,  xvii. 

Jailies  (Prince),  youngest  son  of  king 

Robert  Ill.of Scotland, introduced  by  Mr, 

W.  Scott  in  The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth 
(1828). 

James  I.  of  England,  introduced  by 
sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel 
(1822). 

Ja'mie  (Don),  younger  brother  of  don 
Henrique  (-  syl.),  by  whom  he  is  cruelly 
treated. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  'The 
Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Jamie  Duffs.  Weepers  are  so  called, 
from  a  noted  Scotchman  of  the  eighteenth 

century,  whose  Craze  was  to  follow  funerals 

in  deep  mourning  costume. — Kay,  Ori- 
ginal Portraits,  i.  7  ;  ii.  9,  17,  95. 

Ja'mieson  (Bet),  nurse  at  l>r.  Gray's, 

n    at     Middlcnias. — Sir    W.   Scott, 

/ '.     Sin-: /eon's   Daughter  (time,   George 

11.). 

Jamshid,  kin*,'  of  the  genii,  famous 
for  a  golden  cup  Oiled  with  the  elixir  of 
lite.      The  cup  was   hidden  by  the   genii, 

but  found  when  digging  the  foundations 
of  Pertep'olis. 

I  know,  ton,  where  the  genii  likl 
The  jewelled  cup  "f  il.eir  king  Jaimhlil. 
With  We  •  elixir  tpertUnf  high. 
T.  Moore,  Lalla  A'uoJta  f  I'anuluw  and  the  IVrl."  1817). 

.I.uio  Eyro,  heroine  of  a  novel  so 
called  by  Currer  Bell. 

J.'in'ot,  the  Scotch  laundress  of  David 

Ramsay  the  watchmaker.—  Sir  W.  Scott, 

ne,  .lames  [.). 

Jan'et  of  Tomahourioh  i  Wuhme), 
sunt  ol  Robin  0     H'Combich  a  Highland 


a-;  jaqi  i  8. 

drover.  -Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Two  Drovcrt 
(time,  George  III.). 

Jannekin     (Little),    apprentice     of 
Henry     Smith     thi  -Sir     W. 

Henry 

IV.). 

Jarmie  DufT",  with  her  litth 
and  brother,   wi  re 
and  were   lost  in   the  hush    (Aush 
The    parents   called    in    the   aid    of    the 

native     blacks    to     find     them,    and     on 
the    ninth    day    they     were     disc  ■ 

"Father,"  pried  the  little  buy,    "why 

didn't  you  c-  me  before?  We  cooed  quite 
loud,  but  you  never  came.*1  Thi 
only  said,  "Cold  !"  and  sank  in  »tupor. 
Jannie  had  stripped  herself  to  cover  little 
Frank,  and  had  spread  her  frock  over  Iht 
sister  to  keep  her  warm,  and  t: 
three  were  found  almost  dead,  lying 
under  a  bush. 

Janot  [<Zi4a.no],  a  simpleton,  "ne  who 

exercises    silly    ingenuity    or  -ays  vapid 
and  silly  things. 

Without  being  a  J.imit.  who  hai  not  ninttlmn  In  onn- 
ronuiuuii  commuted  u  Jmottwnt— Owtjf,  /rem. 

January  and  May.    Januai 
old  Lombard  baron,  BOD 
who   marries    B    u'irl     nam   d 
young     wife     loves      I'amyan,     a 
squire.      <  hie  day,   the    old     baron    found 
them  in  (dose  embrace  ;  but  May  per 

her  husband  thai  his  ey<  s  were  so  dim  he 

had   made  a  mistake,  and   the  old   baron, 

too  willing  to  believe,  allowed  hi:.. 

give  credit  to  the  tale.  —  Chaucer,   ' 

bury  Tales  ("  The  Merchant's  Tale,"  1888). 
%•  Modernised  by  Ogle  (1741). 

Jaquemart,  the  automata  of  a 
consisting  of   a  man   and    woman    who 

Strike    the     hours    on   a    belL       So   called 

from  .Kan  Jaquemarl  of  Dijon,  a  • 

.  «  ho  devised  thi*  piece  <>(  n 

ism.       Menu  uly    dem  l 

word    from  ' 

mail"),  "because  watchmen  watched  the 

clock  of  Dijon  fitted  with  a  jaquemart." 

Jncivu'iu't  ta.  a  country  wench  c 
by   don     Adriano    de  Armado.— Shake- 
speare, 

Jnqnes  (1  tyl.),  one  of  the  lot 
tendant  on  the  banished  duke  in  the 
forest  of  Ardi-n.  A  philosophic  idler, 
cynical,  sullen,  contemplative,  and  mo- 
ralizing. He  could  "suck  melancholy 
out  of  t  w«  aael  suck.-  i 

Jaques    resents    i  rrlando's    : 

id,  ami  quits  the  duke  as  soon  as 


JAQUES. 


488 


JASPER  PACKLEMERTON. 


he  is  restored  to  his  dukedom. — Shake- 
apeare,  As  You  Like  It  (1598). 

Sometimes  Shakespef.re  makes  one 
syllable  and  sometimes  two  syllables  of 
the  vord.  Sir  W.  Scott  make's  one  syl- 
lable of  it,  but  Charles  Lamb  two.  For 
example  : 

Whom  humorous  Jaquea  with  envy  viewed  fl  »»'.). 
8ir  W.  Scott 

(Vhere  Joqucs  fed  his  solitary  vein  (2  tyl)— C.  Lamb. 

The"Jai|Uc.i"of  [Ctuirlct  M.  fming,  1777-18581.  Is  In- 
dfiil  ma)  mudcal,  nm.i  melancholy,  attuned  to  the  >ery 
toed. walks  among  which  he  muses.—  Setc  Monthly 
Miiyuiru:  (US*), 

Jaquea  (I  syL),  the  miser  in  a  comedy 
bv  Ben  JouBon,  entitled  The  Case  is 
Altered  (1674-1667), 

Jaquea  (1  syl.),  sen-ant  to  Sulpit'ia  a 
bawd.  (See  Jacques.) — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Custom  of  the  Country 
(1647). 

Jarley  (Mrs.),  a  kind-hearted  woman, 
mistress  of  a  travelling  wmx-work  ex- 
hibition, containing  "one  hundred  figures 
the  size  of  life;"  t.'.c  "only  stupendous 
collection  of  rejtl  wax-work  in  the 
world  ;  "  "  the  delight  of  the  nobility  and 

f entry,  th<  royal  family,  ami  erowned 
cads  of  Europe."  Mrs.  Jarley  wai  kind 
to  little  Nell,  and  employed  her  as  a 
decoy-duck  to  "  Jarley's  unrivalled  col- 
lection." 

If  I  knowM  a  donkey  wot  wouldn't  go 

Do  you  think  I'd  acknowledge  him  7    Oh,  no,  ao  I 

Than  run  to  Jarley. 
C.  Dickens.  Th*  Old  Curiosity  Shop,  xxvli.  (1840). 

Jarnac  (Coup  de),  a  cut  which  severe 
the  ham-string.  So  called  from  a  cut 
given  by  Jarnac  to  La  Chateigneraie  in 

a  duel  fought  in  the  presence  of  Henri  11., 
in  1647. 

Jarn'dyce  »\  Jarn'dyce  (2  •»//.), 
a  Chancery  suit  "never  ending,  still  lie- 
ginning,"  which  had  dragged  its  slow 
length  along  over  so  many  years  that  it 
had  blighted  the  prospects  and  ruined 
the  health  of  all  persona  interested  in  its 
settlement. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Jlouse 
(1853). 

Jarn'dyee  (Mr.),  client  in  the  great 
Chancery  suit  of  "Jarndroe  r.  Jarndyce," 
and  guardian  of  Esther  Summerson.  Me 
led  the  tenderest  heart  under  a 
flimsy  churlishness  of  demeanour,  and 
could  never  endure  to  be  thanked  for 
any  of  his  numberless  acts  of  kindness 
mid  charity.  If  anything  went  wrong 
with  him,  or  his  heart  was  moved  to 
aelting,  he  would  say,  "I  am  sure  the 


wind  is  in  the  east." — C.  Dickens,  Bleak 
House  (1853). 

Jarvie  (Bailie  Nicol),  a  magistrate 
at  (ilasgow,  and  kinsman  of  Rod  Boy. 
He  is  petulant,  conceited,  purse-proud, 
without  tact,  and  intensely  prejudiced, 
but  kind-hearted  and  sincere.  Jarvie 
marries  his  maid.  The  novel  of  Bob  Boy 
has  been  dramatized  by  J.  Pocock,  and 
Charles  Mackay  was  the  first  to  apj>ear 
in  the  character  of  "  Bailie  Nicol  Jarvie." 
Talfourd  says  (18291  :  "Other  actors  ar* 
sophisticate,  but  Mackav  is  the  thing 
itself." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy  (time, 
George.  I.). 

The  character  of  Bailie  Kleol  Jarvie  Is  one  nf  the 
author's  happiest  conceptions,  and  the  Idea  of  carrying 
him  to  the  wild  rugKed  mountain'*,  among  outlaws  nnd 
desperadoes — at  the  same  time  that  he  retained  a  keen 
relish  of  the  euuiteU  of  the  Sallmarkrt  of  GhMguw,  and 
a  due  sense  of  his  dignity  as  a  magistrate—  c.  h  , 

effect    of    the    picture. —Cham hers,     . 
I.ttrriture.  11.  587. 

.Tarvis,  a  faithful  old  servant,  who 
tries  to  pave  his  master,  Beverley,  from 
his  fatal  passion  of  gambling. — Edward 
Moure,  Tm  Gamester  1 1  i 

Jaspar  WU  poor,  lieartless,  and 
Wicked  ;  he  lived  by  highway  robbery, 
and  robbery  led  t«  murder.  <  inc  day,  he 
induced  ■  pool  neighbour  to  waylay  his 
landlord  ;  but  the  neighbour  relented, 
and  said,  "Though  dark  the  night,  there 
above  who  sees  in  darkness." 
"  Never  fear  !  "  said  Jaspar  ;  "  for  no  eye 
above  or  below  can  pierce  this  darkness." 
As  he  spoke,  an  unnatural  light  gleamed 
on  him,  and  he  became  a  confirmed 
maniac. — R.  Bonthey,  Jaspar  (a  ballad). 

Jasper  (Old),  a  ploughman  at  Glen- 
dearg  Tower.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  Mo- 
nastsry  (time,  Kli/.nbeth). 

Jasper  (Or),  father  of  Charlotte.  He 
wants  her  to  marry  a  Mr.  Dapper;  but 
she  loves  I.eander,  and,  to  avoid  a  mar- 
riage she  dislikes,  protends  to  be  dumb. 
A  mock  doctor  is  called  in,  who  discovers 
the  facts  of  the  case,  and  employs  beamier 
as  his  apothecary.  Leander  soon  cures 
the  lady  with  "  pills  matrimoniac."  In 
Molierea  Le  Meaecm  Molars'  Lui  (from 
which  this  play  is  taken),  sir  Jasper  is 
called  "tieronte"  (2  syl.). — H.  Fielding, 
•k  Doctor. 

Jasper  Packlemerton,  of  atro- 
cious memory,  one  of  the  chief  figures  it 
Mrs.  Jarley's  wax-work  exhibition. 

"J.vper  courted  and  married  fourteen  wives,  and  de- 
Btroyed  than  all  hy  tlcklim;  the  soles  of  their  feet  when 
thaj  mre  ulaep.  On  being  brougbl  to  Uie  scaffold  and 
■iksd  If  he  was  sorry  for  what  lie  liad  done,  he  replii.l  he 

orrj  for  having  let  them  off  to  easy.   !■ 
taid  Mrs.  Jarley,  "  he  a  warning  to  all  young  ladles  to  ha 


JAUP. 


4-9 


JEDBURGH  JUSTICE. 


particular  In    the  character  of  the  aaatiemtn 
cti"L'f      Ofa  erve,   bla  tinkers  are  curled,  ii*  it   ii 
>f  tickling,  and  there  b  a  wnik  in  bli  c)i=,."— C.  ■ 
Tltr  Old  Curiosity  SI.-jj:  DrUt  (1840). 

Jaup    (Alteon),    an    old    woman    at 
Middlemas  Tillage. — Sir  W.   Scott,    The 
■n's  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Jaup  (Saunders),  a  farmer  at  Old  St. 
Ronan's. — Sir  \Y.  Scott,  St.  Jionan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Javan  lost  his  father  on  the  day  of  his 
birth,  and  was  brought  up  in  the  "  patri- 
arch's glen  "  by  his  mother,  till  she  also 
died.  He  then  sojourned  for  ten  yean 
with  the  race  of  Cain,  and  became  the 
disciple  of  Jubal  the  great  musician. 
He  then  returned  to  the  glen,  and  fell  in 
love  with  Zillah  ;  but  the  glen  being 
invaded  by  giants,  Zillah  and  Javan, 
with  many  others,  were  taken  captives. 
Enoch  reproved  the  giants ;  and,  as  he 
ascendwl  up  to  heaven,  his  mantle  fell 
on  Javan,  who  released  the  captives,  and 
conducted  them  back  to  the  glen.  The 
giants  were  panic-struck  by  a  tempest, 
and  their  king  was  killed  by  some  un- 
known hand.— James  Montgomery,  The 
World  before  the  Flood  (1812). 

Ja'van'8  Issue,  the  Ionians  and 
Wrecks  generally  (Gen.  x.  2).  .Milton 
n<rs  the  expression  in  Paradise  Lost,  i. 
608. 

%*  In  Isaiah  Ixvi.  19,  and  in  Ezek. 
xxvii.  13,  the  word  is  used  for  Greeks 
collectively. 

Javert,  an  officer  of  police,  the  im- 
personation of  inexorable  law. —  Victor 
Hugo,  Les  Hiscrables. 

Ja'zer,  a  city  of  Gad,  personified  by 
Isaiah.  "  Moab  shall  howl  for  Ifoab, 
every  one  shall  howl.  ...  I  will  be- 
wail, with  the  weeping  of  Jazer,  the  vine 
of  Sibmah;  I  will  water  thee  with  my 
tears,  O  Heshbon." — Isaiah  xvi.  7-9. 

It  did  not  content  tlic  congregation  H>  weep  aO  of 

then  ;   InU   thty   howled  «ith  a   loud  Voice,  Weeping  wtlll 

tin:  weeping  of  iaau.—SUtton,  loo. 

Jealous  Traffick  (flBr),  a  rich  mer- 
chant, who  fancies  everything  Spanish  is 

better  than  English,  and  intends  his 
daughter  [sabinda  to  marry  don  Diego 
Barbinetto,  who  is  expected  t<>  arrive 
forthwith.  [sabinda  is  in  love  with 
Charles  [Gripe],  who  dreBBes  in  a  Spanish 
r  tame,  pas  i  i  himself  off  as  don  Diego 
Barbinetto,  and  is  married  to  [sabinda. 
Sir  Jealous  is  irritable,  headstrong,  pre- 
judiced, and   wise    in   his   own   CO 

Mrs.  Centlivte.  The  Busy  Body  (l. 

Jealous  Wifo  ( The),  a  comedy  by 


•    Col  man   (17*' I).      Harriot   Russet 

marries     Mr.   Oakly,    and   I omes   "tl.a 

jealous  wife;"  but  is  ultimately  cured 
by  the  interposition  of  major  U.-akly,  her 
brother-in-law, 

*m*  This  comedy  is  founded  on  Field- 
ing's 2*0111  Jones. 

Jeames  de  la  Plucho,  a  flunky. 
Jeames  means  the  same  thing. — Thacke- 
ray, Jeames' s  Diary  (1849). 

Jean  des  Vignes,  a  French  expres- 
sion for  a  drunken  blockhead,  a 
for-nothing.  Tho  name  Jean  is  often 
used  in  Franco  aa  synonymous  with 
clown  or  fool,  and  etre  dans  !•«  viguee  is 
a,  popular  euphuism  meaning  "  to  ho 
drunk."  A  more  fanciful  explanation  of 
the  term  refers  its  origin  to  the  battle  of 
Poictiers,  fought  by  king  John  among 
thevines.  UnmariagedeJeandet  Vignee 
means  an  illicit  marriage,  or,  in  the  Bug. 
lish  equivalent,  "  a  hedge  marriage." 

Jean  Folle  Farine,  a  merry  An- 
drew, a  poor  fool,  a  Ton.  Noodle.  So 
called  because  he  comes  on  t' 
a  great  loutish  boy,  dressed  all  in  white, 
with  his  face,  hair,  and  hands  thickly 
covered  with  Hour.  Scaramouch  is  a 
sort  of  Jean  Folio  Farine. 

Ouida  has  a  novel  called  Folle  : 
but  she  uses  the  phrase  in  quite  a 
sense. 

Jean  Jacques.    So  J.  J.  Kousseao 

is  often  called  (1712-1778). 

That  is  almost  tho  enljr  maxim  of  Jean  Jacques  to 
Wbli  ii  I  Can  .  .  .  subscribe.— Lord  Lyllon. 

Jean  Paul.    J.  1'.  Friedrich  bUchte* 

is  generally  so  called  (17tio-182o). 

Jeanne  of  Alsace,  a  u'iil  mined  by 
Dubosc  the  highwayman.    She  gives  him 

up  to  justice,  in  order  to  do  a  g 1  turu 

to  Julie  Lesurques  (2  tyl.),  who  h  i 

friended   her.  — E.  Stir. 
of  Lyons  ( 1 8 

Jedburgh,  Joddart.  or  Jed  wood 

Justico,  hang  first  and  try  afterwards. 
The  CUBtOm  rose  from   the  summary  way 

of  dealing  with  border  marauders. 

*#*   .leddart    and    Jedwood    are    im  r.  '.  V 

corruptions  of  Jedburgh. 

the  same  thing. 

Ihurgh 
Justice."  In  the  Commonwealth,  major- 
general  Brown,  of  Abingdon,  first  hanged 
h.>  prisoners  and  then  tried  th<  m. 

b  lav, .     So  called  from 
Lynch  •(  Piedmont,  in  Virginia. 


JEDDLER. 


490 


JENKIN. 


It  18  a  summary  way  of  dealing  with  ma- 
rauders, etc.  Called  in  Scotland,  Burlaw 
or  Byrlaw. 

Jeddler  (Dr.),  "a  great  philosopher." 
The  heart  and  mystery  of  his  philosophy 
was  to  look  upon  the  world  as  a  gigantic 

E  radical  joke  ;  something  too  absurd  to 
e  considered  seriously  by  any  rational 
man.  A  kind  and  generous  man  by  nature 
was  Dr.  Jeddler,  and  though  he  had  taught 
himself  the  art  of  turning  good  t * >  dross 
and  sunshine  into  shade,  he  bad  not 
taught  himself  to  forget  his  warm  bene- 
volence and  active  love.  He  wore  a 
pigtail,  and  had  a  streaked  face  like 
a  winter  pippin,  wilh  here  and  there  a 
dimple  "to  express  the  packings  of  the 
birds;"  but  the  pippin  was  a  tempting 
apple,  a  rosy,  healthy  apple  after  all. 

Grace  and  Marion  Jeddler,  daughters  of 
the  doctor,  beautiful,  graceful,  and  affec- 
tionate. Thev  both  fell  in  love  with 
Alfred  Heathfield  ;  but  Alfred  loved  the 
younger  daughter.  Marion,  knowing 
the  love  of  Grace,  left  her  home  clandes- 
tinely one  Christmas  Day,  and  all  sup- 
posed she  had  eloped  with  Michael 
Warden.  In  due  time,  Alfred  married 
Grace,  and  then  Marion  made  it  known 
to  her  sister  that  she  had  given  up  Alfred 
out  of  love  to  her,  and  had  been  living 
in  concealment  with  her  annt  Martha. 
Report  says  she  subsequently  married 
Michael  Warden,  and  became  the  pride 
and  honour  of  his  countrv  mansion. — C 
Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Life  (1846). 

Jed'ida  and  Benjamin,  two    of 

the  children  that  Jesus  took  into  His  arms 
and  blessed. 

"Well  I  remember,"  said  Benjamin,  "when  we  were 
on  earth,  with  what  loving  fondness  He  fol ■'.,  .1  us  in  His 
arms;  how  tenderly  Ho  praaM  I  in  to  His  bawl  A  tear 
was  on  His  cheek,  and  I  band  it  away.  I  tea  it  still,  and 
bli.ill  ritr  see  it."  "And  I,  too."  answered  Jedida,  ••re- 
member when  His  arms  were  clasped  around  me,  how 
He  said  to  our  mothers,  '  Unless  ye  become  as  little 
children,  ye  cannot  enter  the  kingdom  of  beaten.'" — 
Klopstock.  The  Meuiah,  1.  (1748). 

Jehoi'achim,  the  servant  of  Joshua 
Geddes  the  quaker. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bed- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Je'hu,  a  coachman,  one  who  drives  at 
a  rattling  pace. 

The  driving  Is  like  the  driving  of  Jehu  the  son  of 
Hiaiabi  ;  for  he  drlveth  furiously.—  i  Kings  ut.  In. 

Jehu  (Companions  of).  The  "Chouans  " 
were  so  called,  from  a  fanciful  analogy 
between  their  .-elf-imposed  task  and  that 
appointed  to  Jehu  on  his  being  set  over 
the  kingdom  of  Israel.  As  Jehu  was  to 
cut  off  Ahab  and  Jezebel,  with  all  their 
house;  *o  the  Chouans  were  to  cut  off 


Louis  XVI.,  Marie  Antoinette,  and  all  the 
Bourbons. 

JelTicot  (Old  Goody),  servant  at  the 
under-keeper's  hut,  Woodstock  Forest. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Jel'lyby  (Mrs.),  a  sham  philan- 
thropist, who  spends  her  time,  money, 
and  energy  on  foreign  missions,  to  the 
neglect  of  her  family  and  home  dirties. 
Untidy  in  dress,  living  in  a  perfect  litter, 
she  has  a  habit  of  looking  "a  long  way 
off,"  as  if  she  could  see  nothing  nearer  to 
her  than  Africa.  Mrs.  Jellyby  is  quite 
overwhelmed  with  business  corn 
dence  relative  to  the  affairs  of  Borrioboola 
Gha. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House,  iv. 
(1852). 

Jemlikha,  the  favourite  Greek  slave 
of  D.ikianos  of  Ephesus.  Nature  had 
endowed  him  with  even,-  charm,  "his 
words  were  sweeter  than  the  honey  of 
Arabia,  and  his  wit  sparkled  like  a  dia- 
mond." One  day,  D.ikianos  was  greatly 
annoyed  by  a  fly,  which  persisted  in  tor- 
menting the  king,  whereupon  Jemlikha 
said  to  himself,  "If  Dakianos  cannot  rule 
a  rly,  how  can  he  be  the  creator  of  heaven 
and  earth?"  This  doubt  he  communicated 
to  his  fellow-slaves,  and  they  all  resolved 
to  quit  Ephesus,  and  seek  some  power 
superior  to  that  of  the  arrogator  of  divine 
honours. — t '.into  Caylns,  Oriental  Tales 
("D.ikianos  and  the  Seven  Sleepers," 
1748). 

Jemmie  Duffs,  weepers.  (See  Jam  ik 
Duffs.) 

Jemmies,  sheops'  heads,  and  also  a 
h on Be- breaker's  instrument. 

Mr  -ikes  made  many  pleasant  witticisms  on  "Jemmies," 
a  cant  name  for  shee|m'  heads,  and  also  for  an  ll 
implement    modi    used   in   his  profession.— C.    Dickens, 
S/ir.-i-  rwM   1S37). 

Jemmy.  This  name,  found  on  en- 
gravings of  the  eighteenth  century,  means 
James  Wondale  (died  1767). 

Jemmy  Twitcher,  a  cunning  and 
treacherous  highwayman. — Gay,  The  Bey- 
gar's  Ojiera  (1727). 

%*  Lord  Sandwich,  member  of  the 
Kit-Kat  Club,  was  called  "Jemmv 
Twitcher"  (17G5). 

Jenkin,  the  sen-ant  of  Georgc-a- 
Green.  He  says  a  fellow  ordered  him  to 
hold  his  horse,  and  see  that  it  took  no 
cold.  "  No,  no,"  quoth  Jenkin,  "  I'll  lay 
my  cloak  under  him."  He  did  so,  but 
"mark  you,"  he  adds,  "I  cut  four  holes  in 
my  cloak  first,  and  uiade  his  horse  stand 


JENKIN. 


491 


JEPHTHAH'8  LAn.HTI.B. 


on   the    bare    ground." — Robert   (Irecne, 
-<i-Ureen,   the  J'inner  of    Wakefield 
(1584). 

J.nkin,  one  of  the  retainers  of  Julian 
Avencl  (8  tvl.)  of  Avenel  Castle. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Jenkins  (Mrs.  Winifred),  Miss 
Tabitha  Hramble's  maid,  noted  for  her 
bad  spelling,  misapplication  of  words, 
and  ludicrous  misnomers.  Mrs.  Winifred 
Jerkins  is  the  original  of  Mrs.  Irfalaprop. 
-Smollett,  The  Expedition  of  Humphry 
Viinker  (1771). 

Jenkins,  a  vulgar  lick-spittle  of  the 
aristocracy,  who  retails  their  praises  and 
witticisms,  records  their  movements  and 
deeds,  gives  flaming  accounts  of  their 
dresses  and  parties,  either  viva  voce  or  in 
iper  paragraphs:  "Lord  and  lady 
1  lash  attended  divine  service  last  Sunday, 
and  were  very  attentive  to  the  sermon" 
(wonderful !).  "  Lord  and  lady  Lash  took 
a  drive  or  walk  last  Monday  in  their 
magnificent  park  of  Snobdoodleham. 
Lady  Dash  wore  a  mantle  of  rich  silk, 
a  bonnet  with  ostrich  feathers,  and  shoes 
with  rosettes."  The  name  is  said  to 
have  been  first  given  by  Punch  to  a 
writer  in   the  Morning  Poet, 

Jenkinson  [Ephraim),  a  green  old 
■windier,  whom  I>r.  Primrose  met  in  a 
public  tavern.  Imposed  on  by  his  vener- 
able appearance,  apparent  devontness, 
learned  talk  about  "cosmogony,"  and 
still  more  so  by  his  flattery  of  the  doctor's 
work  on  the  subject  of  monogamy,  l>r. 
Primrose    sold    the     swindler    his    none, 

<  »ld  Blackberry,  for  a  draft  upon  Farmer 

PlamborOOgh.  When  the  draft  was  pre- 
sented for  payment,  the  farmer  told  the 
vicar  thai  rtphraim  Jenkinson  "was  the 

neatest  rascal  under  heaven,"  and  that 
he    was    the    very    rogue    who    had    sold 

Primrose  the  .--p.-etai-lcs.  Subse- 
quently the  vicar  found  him  in  the  county 
jail,  where  he  showed  the  vicargreat  kin.l- 

lid  him  valuable  servo, •,  became  a 

reformed  character,  and  probably  married 

one   of    the    daughters    Of    farmer  Klam- 
borough.— Goldsmith,   Vicar  of  \\ 
(176 

r  own  jmrt,  wo  niii-t  n.!m It  tli.it  ».  Ii.ire  never 
i   U>   Ui« 

-  mi   In  our  mind 
llnllhnl  oouilutoli)  ul  .'       I  ..  .if.  HrU.. 

Aii 

Jennie,  housekeeper  to  the  <dd  laird 
of  Dumbiedikes.     Sir  w  .  v         H 
J/ idiot  hi  in  (tin  i  11.). 


Jenny  [Divsb].    Captain  M:icheath 
says,  "  What,  my  [  r.tr  \-  Jenny  !  as  prim 
and  demure  as  ever?    There's  not  a  prude, 
though  ever  so  high  bred,  I 
sanctified  look,  with  a  moi 

heart."      She  pretends  to   love  Ifacheath, 
but  craftily  secures  one  of  hit 
his  other  "  pais  "  may  the  more  easily  be- 
tray him  into  the  hands  of  the  const 
(act    ii.  1). — 'J.  Gay,  1  . 
(1727). 

Jenny  l'Ouvriere,  the  type  of  a 
hard-working  Parisian  needlewoman. 
She  is  contented  with  a  few  window- 
Bowera  which  she  tenns  "her  garden,"  a 
caged  bird  which  she  calls  "hi  f 
and  when  she  gives  the  fragments  of  her 
food  to  BOme  one  poorer  than  herself,  she 
calls  it  "her  delight." 

EntcndciTous  un  olfeau  fiunlller  f 
C'est  lc  clmuteur  do  J. 

Au  in  utanl  do  i*u 

Hie  iwirnit  cire  n 

Co  qui  rteut  d 

Emlle  Carauau  (1S47L 

Jeph'thah's  Daughter.  When 
Jephthah  went  forth  against  the  Am- 
monites, he  vowed  that  if  he  returned 

victorious  he  would  sacrifice,  as  a  burnt 
offering,  whatever  lirst  met  him  on  his 
entrance  into  his  native  city.      He  . 

endid    victory,  and    at   the   newa 

thereof    his    only    daughter    came    forth 
dancing    to    give    him    welcome.      The 
miserable  father  rent  his  clothee  in  i 
but  the  noble-spirited  maiden  would  not 

hear    of    his     Violating     the     VOW. 

demanded  a  short  respite,  to  bewail  apt  :i 

the  mountains  her  blighted  hope  of  be- 
coming a  mother,  and  then  submitted  to 
her  fate. — Judge*  \i. 

An   almost    identical    tale   is    • 
Idom'eneua  king  of  Cn  be.     <  >n  his  return 
from  the   Trojan  war,  he  made  a  VOW  in  a 
tempest  that,  if  he  c.-eaped,  he  WOD 

to  Neptune  the  Ural  living  creatui 
ted  itself  t"  his  aj >•  on  thi  i 
shore.    His  n«  n  son  « 

him  home,  and  Idoiuei.  .:m  up 

a  sacrifice  to  I 

vow.    Fenelon  has  introduced  this  1 

in  his  J[  ,i  ma  ,-. 

to   Diana,   if   he 
i  ith  a  child,  thai  hi 
sacrifice  t"  her  the  dearest  of  all  I 

la,  !us  infant  dau 
was, 

but  he  refused  t"  sacrifice  her,  and  thus 
incurred  tin-  wrath  of  the  goddess,  which 

resulted    in    the    .. 

fleet  at  rVulis.    [phigei  ffered  in 

pded  deity  v. 


JEPSON. 


and  interposed  at  the  critical  moment,  by    I 
carrying  the  princess  to  Tauris  and  sub- 
stituting a  stag  in  her  stead. 

The  latter  part  of  this  tale  cannot  fail 
to  call  to  mind  the  offering  of  Abraham. 
As  he  was  about  to  take  the  life  of  Isaac, 
Jehovah  interposed,  and  a  ram  was  sub- 
stituted for  the  human  victim. — Gen.  xxii. 

[Be]  not  bent  as  Jcphthah  once. 
Blindly  to  execute  a  rash  resolve ; 
Whom  bettor  it  bail  suited  to  exclaim, 
"  I  liavo  done  ill  1 "  than  to  redeem  his  pledge 
By  doing  worse.     Not  unliko  to  him 
In  folly  that  treat  leader  of  the  Greeks— 
Whence,  on  the  altar  Ipbigenia  mourned 
Her  virgin  beauty. 

DanW,  Paradiu.  r.  (1311). 

%*  Iphigenia,  in  Greek  liptyevtta,  is 
accented  incorrectly  in  this  translation  by 
Cary. 

%*  Jephthah's  daughter  has  often  been 
dramatized.  Thus  we  have  in  English 
Jephtha  his  Daughter,  by  Plessie  Morney  ; 
Jephtha  (154G),  by  Christopherson ; 
Jephtha,  by  Buchanan  ;  and  Jephthah  (an 
opera,  1752),  by  Handel. 

Jepson  (Old),  a  smuggler. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  liedjauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Jeremi'ah  (The  British),  Gildas, 
author  of  De  Exidio  Britannia,  a  book  of 
lamentations  over  the  destruction  of 
Britain.  He  is  so  called  by  Gibbon  (516- 
570). 

Jer'emy  (Master),  head  domestic  of 
lord  Saville. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Jeremy  Diddler,  an  adept  at  rais- 
ing money  on  false  pretences. — Kenney, 
Maising  the  Wind. 

Jericho,  the  manor  of  Blackmore, 
near  Chelmsford.  Here  Henry  VI 11.  had 
one  of  his  houses  of  pleasure,  and  when 
he  was  absent  on  some  affair  of  gallantry, 
the  expression  in  vogue  was,  "lie's  gone 
to  Jericho." 

Jerningham  (Master  Thomas),  the 
duke  of  Buckingham's  gentleman. — Sir 
YV.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Jerome  (Don),  father  of  don  Fer- 
dinand and  Louisa ;  pig-headed,  pas- 
sionate, and  mercenary,  but  very  fond  of 
his  daughter.  He  insists  on  her  marrying 
'  Isaac  Mendoza,  a  rich  Portuguese  Jew  ; 
but  Louisa,  being  in  love  with  don  An- 
tonio, positively  refuses  to  do  so.  She  is 
turned  out  of  the  house  by  mistake,  and 
her  duenna  is  locked  up,  under  the  belief 
tuat  she  is  Louisa.  Isaac,  being  intro- 
duced to  the  duenna,  elopes  with  her,  sup- 


492  JERUSALEM  DELIVERED. 

posing  her  to  be  don  Jerome's  daughter ; 
and  Louisa,  taking  refuge  in  a  convent, 
gets  married  to  don  Antonio.  Ferdinand, 
at  the  same  time,  marries  Clara  the 
daughter  of  don  Guzman.  The  old  man 
is  well  content,  and  promises  to  be  the 
friend  of  his  children,  who,  he  acknow- 
ledges, have  chosen  better  for  themselves 
than  he  had  done  for  them. — Sheridan, 
The  Duenna  (1775). 

Jerome  (Father),  abbot  at  St.  Bride's 
Convent. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Castle  Dangerout 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

Jeron'imo,  the  principal  character  in 
The  Spanish  Tragedy,  by  Thomas  Kyd 
(1597).  On  finding  his  application  to  the 
kins  ill-timed,  he  says  to  himself,  "Co 
by  I  Jeronimo ;  "  which  so  tickled  the 
fancy  of  the  audience  that  it  becarr.e  a 
common  street  jest. 

Jerry,  manager  of  a  troupe  of  dancing 
dogs.  He  was  a  tall,  black-whiskered 
man,  in  a  velveteen  coat. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Old  Curiosity  Shop,  xviii.  (1840). 

Jerry  Sneak,  a  hen-pecked  husband. 
— Foote,  Mayor  of  Garrat  (17ti,i). 

Jerrymandering,  bo  dividing  a 
state  or  local  district  as  to  give  one  part 
of  it  a  political  advantage  over  the  other. 
The  word  is  a  corruption  of  "Gerryman- 
dering;*1 so  called  from  Elbridgelierry, 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  member  of 
congress  from  1776  to  1784,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States  in  1812. 
Elbridge  Gerry  died  in  1814. 

Jeru'salem,  in  Dryden's  Absalom  and 
Achitophel,  means  London  ;  "David"  is 
Charles  II.,  and  "Absalom"  the  duke  <>f 
Monmouth,  etc. 

Jerusalem.  Henry  IV.  was  told  "ha 
should  not  die  but  in  Jerusalem."  Being 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  he  inquired  what 
the  chapter-house  was  called,  and  when 
lie  was  told  it  was  called  the  ''Jerusalem 
Chamber,"  he  felt  sure  that  he  would  die 
there  "  according  to  the  prophecy,"  and 
so  he  did. 

Pope  Sylvkstek  II.  was  told  the  same 
thing,  and  died  as  he  was  saying  mass  in 
a  church  so  called  at  Rome. — Brown, 
Fasciculus. 

Cambys£s,  son  of  Cyrus,  was  told  thai 
he  should  die  in  Ecbarana,  which  lie  sup- 
posed meant  the  capital  <'f  Media  ;  but  he 
died  of  his  wounds  in  a  place  so  called  in 
Syria. 

Jerusalem    Dolivered,    an    eDin 


JERVIS. 


493 


JEW. 


poem  in  twenty  books,  bv  Torquato  Tasso 
[1676). 

The  crusaders,  having  encamped  on  the 
plains  of  Torto'sa,  choose  Godft 

their  chief.  The  overtures  of  Ai 
being  declined,  war  is  declared  by  him  in 
the  name  of  the  king  of  Egypt.  The 
Christian  army  reaches  Jerusalem,  but  it 
is  found  that  the  city  cannot  be  taken 
without  the  aid  of  Rinaldo,  who  had  with- 
drawn from  the  army  because  <n>dfrey 
had  cited  him  for  the  death  of  Girnando, 
whom  he  had  slain  in  a  duel.  Godfrey 
sends  to  the  enchanted  island  of  Anni'da 
to  invite  the  hero  back,  and  on  his  return 
Jerusalem  is  assailed  in  a  night  attack. 
The  poem  concludes  with  the  triumphant 
entry  of  the  Christiana  into  the  Holy 
*  'it  y,  and  their  ad  oration  at  the  Redeemer's 
tomb. 

The  two  chief  episodes  are  the  loves  of 
Olindo  and  Sophronia,  and  of  Tanered 
and  Corinda. 

Jervis  (Mrs.),  the  virtuous  house- 
keeper of  young  si|uire  15.     Mrs.  Jervis 

protects  Pam'ela  when   her  young  master 

timniln  her.  —  Kiehardsou,  J'liuujla  or 
Virtue  Rewarded  (174U). 

Jessamy,  the  son  of  colonel  Oldboy. 
He  changed  his  name  in  compliment  to 
lord  Jessamy,  who  adopted  him  and  left 
him  his  heir.  Jessamy  is  an  affected, 
conceited  prig,  who  dresses  as  a  fop, 
carries  a  man  to  keep  his  hands  warm, 

and   likes  old   China  better  than  8    pretty 

girl.  This  popinjay  proposes  to  Clarissa 
Plowerdale  ;  bat  she  despises  him,  much 
to  his  indignation  and  astonishment.  — 
Bickerstaff,  Lionel  and  Clarissa  (1785- 
1790). 

Ile'i  a  riiifoiiili,  a  f.ip.  a  dainty  —nfc— Pi 
Who  am  lu-  j  ajid  dinned  front  bottom  to  top. 

And  liKikfl  like  i.l-ll  (rum  11  n.lliu.cr'-.  mop  .   .   . 
Ho  ihruK*  ai»tt  lakes  miuir,  nml  CATtlea  a  imiir, 
A  nlaionn,  ni.icknui,  r'rem-u  powdti 

Act  I.  1. 

Jessamy  Brido  (  y>u' i,  Miry  Hor- 
:  with  whom  Goldsmith  fell  in  love 

in  1, 

Jes'sica,  daughter  of  Shylock  the 
Jaw.     Bhe  elopes  with  Lorenzo.     Shake- 

h|  eare,  .1/  n  hanl  of   '  ■  nAot  1 1697). 

Jcadca  ouin.it  lie  r.illf*!  I  ikl  I 
her. —  Mr*.  J&iuooii. 

Jesters.    (Soe  Pools.) 

Jests  (J 
Miller,  an    English  comic  scl  r,    whose 
nam*  has  become  a  household  word  for  a 
stale    joke    (1684   L738).     ths    book    of 


jests  which  goes  by  his  name  wh- 

pil.-d      by     Mr.     Mottley    t:  • 

(1789).     Joe  .Miller  him-elf  never  uttered 

a  jeel  in  his 

to  father  them  on  such  a  taciturn. 

commonplace  dullard. 

Jesus  Christ  and  the  Cloy 
Bird.  The  Koran  says:  "0°  Jesus,  son 
of  Mary,  remember  .  .  .  whenthi  ; 

create  of  clay  the  figure  of  a  bird  .  .  . 

and  did  breathe  thereon,  and  i 

bird  !  "— Ch.  v. 

The  allusion  is  to  a  legend  that  Je«u.«  wis 
playing  with  other  children  who  ■ 
themselves   with  making  clay  birds,   but 
when  the  child  Jesus  breathed  on  tl 
He    hail  made,   it  instantly  received  life 
and  Sew  away.  —Hone,  u  .V  ■ 

Testament  (1820). 

Jew    {The),  a  comedy  by  EL  Cumber- 
land    (177t'i),     written    to    disabuse    the 
public  mind  of  unjust  prejud 
■  i pie  who  have  bi  • 

and    peeled.''      Mi  ■  i.     who 

was  rescued   at  Cadi/,  from   an     n<: 
by  don  Carlos,  and  from   a   bowling  Lon- 
don mob  by  the  son  ,,f  i\,,u  i 

Charles  Uatclitl'e.     Hiswh.de  life  i- 

in  unostentatious   benevolence,    but    his 
modesty   is   e  |ual    to    liis  philanthropy. 
lie  rives  610,000  as  a  marriage  portion 
to   Batcliffe'B  sister,    who    marries 
derick  Bertram,  and  he  makes  Char les  tin 

heir  of  all  his  property, 
Jew  (The). 

Ttilj  U  ttip  J.w 
1  li.it  .-l..iki-.i«Mns  ilrcw. 

This  couplet  was  \>n:'  ■■.  and 

to    the    ••  Shylock "    of   I 
Macklin  (1690  I* 

ling). 

1.  Of  '"'  •■     Ams'i 

ntinucd   tO   appear    and    di-*- 
appeSJT  alternately    f..r     . 

and  «lio  visited  all  the  mythical  • 
of  the  earth. 

Tradition 

■ 

the  judgment  hall   in  tl 
tin.-  1'iiate,  struck  our  1  i  linn 

forth, 
\\  Inr. 

"  I  am  going  ;   but  tarry  thou  till  1  coma 
. 
'  lan,  and  \\  \-ianioj 

under  ;  ph.     Ev<  ry   ht;n- 

: 

- 

.  Jew  is  in  th  I 


JEW. 

of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Alban's,  copied  and 
continued  by  Matthew  Paris  (1228).  In 
1242  Philip  Mouskes,  afterwards  bishop 
of  Tournay,  wrote  the  "rhymed 
chronicle." 

Anothor  legend  is  that  Jesus,  pressed 
down  by  the  weight  of  His  cross,  stopped 
to  rest  at  the  door  of  a  cobbler,  named 
AhaSUB'buS,  who  pushed  Him  away, 
saying,  M  Get  off !  Away  with  yon  ! 
away!"  Our  Lord  replied,  "Truly,  I 
go  away,  and  that  quickly;  but  tarry 
thou  till  I  come." 

%*  This  is  the  legend  given  by  Pan] 
von  Fitzen,  bishop  of  Sehleswig,  in  1547. 
— Grcve,  Memoirs  of  l'aul  ton  Eitzm 
(1744). 

A  third  legend  says  that  it  was  the 
cobbler  Ahasue'rus  who  haled  Jesus  to 
the  judgment  seat ;  and  that  aa  the  Man 
of  Sorrows  stayed  to  rest  awhile  on  a 
stone,  he  pushed  Him,  saying,  "  Get  on, 
Jesus  !  Here  you  shall  not  stay  !  "  Jesus 
replied,  "  I  truly  go  away,  and  go  to 
rest ;  but  thou  shalt  go  away  and  never 
rest  till  I  come." 

3.  In  German  legend,  the  Wandering 
Jew  is  associated  with  John  BuTTADAIUS, 
seen  at  Antwerp  in  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, again  in  the  fifteenth,  and  again  in 
the  sixteenth  centuries.  His  last  ap- 
pearance was  in  177 1,  at  Brussels. 

%*  Leonard  Doldius,  of  Niimberg,  in 
his  Praxis  Alchymia  (1604),  says  that 
the  Jew  Ahasue'rus  is  sometimes  called 
"  Unttadams." 

Signor  Gr.vi.m,  who  had  been  dead  130 
years,  appeared  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  had  his  likeness 
taken  by  Titian.  One  day  he  disap- 
peared aa  mysteriously  as  he  had  come. — 
Turkish  Spy,  ii.  (1682). 

4.  The  French  legend.  The  French  call 
the  Wandering  Jew  Isaac  Lakb'dioh  or 
Laquedem. — Mitternacht,  lUssertatio  in 
Jvhan.,  xxi.  19. 

5.  Of  Dr.  Croly's  novel.  The  name 
given  to  the  Wandering  Jew  by  Dr. 
Orolv  is  SALATHIBL  BEN  Sadi,  who  ap- 
peared and  disappeared  towards  the  close 
of  the  sixteenth  century  at  Venice,  in  so 
sudden  a  manner  as  to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  all  Furope. 

%*  Dr.  Croly,  in  his  novel  called 
Salathiel  (1827),  traces  the  course  of  the 
Wandering  Jew ;  so  does  Eugene  Sue,  in 
Le  J uif  Errant  (1845)  ;  but  in  these  novels 
the  Jew  makes  no  figure  of  importance. 

G.  Don*,  in  1861,  illustrated  the  legend 
of  the  Wandering  Jew  in  folio  wood 
engravings. 


494  JINGO. 


6.  It  is  said  in  legend  that  Gipsies  are 
doomed  to  be  everlasting  wanderers,  be- 
cause they  refused  the  Virgin  and  Child 
hospitality  in  their  (light  into  Egypt. — 
A ve n ti n us,  A tuuilium  Boiorum,  libri $eptem, 
vii.  (1554). 

The  legend  of  the  Wild  Huntsman, 
called  by  Shakespeare  "Herne  the 
Hunter,"  and  by  Father  Matthieu  "  St. 
Hubert,"  is  said  to  be  a  Jew  who  would 
not  suffer  Jesus  to  drink  from  a  horse- 
trough,  but  pointed  out  to  Him  some 
water  in  a  hoof-print,  and  bade  Hisi  go 
there  and  drink. — Kuhn  von  Schwarz, 
Nordd.  Sayen,  499. 

Jews  (The),  in  Dryden's  Absalom  ana 
Achituphel,  means  those  English  wh(. 
were  loyal  to  Charles  II.  called  "David"' 
in  the  satire  (1681-8). 

Jewkes  ( Mm.),  a  detestable  character 
in  Richardson's  Pamela  (1740). 

Jez'ebel  (-4  Painted),  a  flaunting 
•woman,  of  brazen  face  but  loose  morals. 
So  called  from  Jezebel,  the  wife  of  Ahao 
king  of  Israel. 

Jim,  the  boy  of  Reginald  Lowestoffe 
the  young  Templar. — Sir  W.  Scott,  For- 
tunes of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Jim  "Crow,  the  name  of  a  popular 
comic  Digger  song,  brought  out  in  l*oi'>  at 
the  Adelpnj  Theatre,  and  popularized  by 
T.  D.  Rice.     The  burden  of  the  song  is: 

Wht-.-l  ■boot;  and  turn  nbout,  and  do  Just  «o : 
And  every  time  you  wheul  about,  jump  Jun  Criw. 

Jin  Vin,  Le.  Jenkin  Vincent,  one  of 
Ramsay's  apprentices,  in  love  with  Mar- 
garet Ramsay. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Jin'gle  (Alfred),  a  strolling  actor, 
who,  by  his  powers  of  amusing  and  sharp- 
wittedness,  imposes  for  a  time  on  the 
members  of  the  Pickwick  Club,  and  is 
admitted  to  their  intimacy  ;  but  being 
found  to  be  an  impostor,  he  is  dropped  by 
them.  The  generosity  of  Mr.  Pickwick 
in  rescuing  Jingle  from  the  Fleet,  re- 
claims him,  and  he  quits  England.  Alfred 
Jingle  talks  most  rapidly  and  flippantly, 
but  not  without  much  native  shrewdne.-s  ; 
and  he  knows  a  M  hawk  from  a  hand- 
saw."— C.  Dickens,  1'he  Pickwick  Papert 
(1836). 

Jingo,  a  corruption  of  Jainko,  the 
Basque  Supreme  Being.  "By  Jingo!" 
or  "  By  the  living  Jingo  !"  is  an  appeal 
to  deity.  Edward  I.  had  Basque  moun- 
taineers conveyed   to  England    to   tak« 


JINGOES. 


496 


JOBLING. 


part  in   his   Welsh   wars,   and  the  Plan- 
ts hold   the   Basque   provinces   in 
lion.    This  Basque  oath  is  ■  land- 
mark of  these  facts. 

Jingoes  (Tlie),  the  anti-Russians  in 
the  war  between  Russia  and  Turkey ; 
hence  tin-  English  war  party.  The  term 
arose  (1878)  from  a  popular  music-hall 
mnj;,  beginning  thus : 

We  don't  want  to  fit^ttt  ;  but  by  Jingo  If  wo  do. 
We've  got  the,  abipj,  wo've  got  tlio  men,   we'vo  got  the 
money  too. 

(This  song  has  also  furnished  the 
words  jingoism  (bragging  war  spirit, 
Bobadilism)  and  the  adjective  jingo. ) 

Jiniwin  (Mrs.),  a  widow,  the  mother 
of  Mrs.  Quilp.  A  shrewd,  ill-tempered 
old  woman,  who  lived  with  her  son-in- 
law  in  Tower  Street. — C.  Dickens,  Hie 
Old  Curiosity  Stop  (1840). 

•Tinker  (Lieutenant  Jamie),  horse- 
dealer  at  Doune. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Jinn,  plu.  of  Jinnee,  a  sort  of  fairy 
in  Arabian  mythology,  the  offspring  of 
fire.  The  jinn  propagate  their  species  like 
human  beings,  and  are  governed  by  kings 
called  suleymans.  Their  chief  abode  is 
the  mountain  Faf,  and  they  appeal  to 
men  under  the  forms  of  serpents,  dogs. 
cats,  etc.,  which  become  invisible  at 
pleasure.  Evil  jinn  are  hideously  ugly, 
out  good  jinn  are  exquisitely  beautiful. 

%*  Jinnistan  means  the  country  of 
the  jinn.  The  connection  of  Solomon 
with  the  jinn  is  a  mere  blunder,  arising 
from  the  similarity  of  suleyman  and 
Solomon. 

J.  J.,  in  Hogarth's  "Gin  Line." 
written  on  a  gibbet,  is  sir  Joseph  Jekyll, 
obnoxious  for  his  bill  for  increasing  the 
duly  00  gin. 

***  Jean  Jacques  [Rousseau]  was 
often  referred  to  by  these  initials  in  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Jo,  a  poor  little  outcast,  living  in  one 
of  the  back  slums  of  London,  called 
"Tom   All-alone's."     The  little  human 

m  ail  is  hounded  about  from  place  to  place. 

kill  he  dies  of  want.— c.  Dickens,  !■■  m 

E 

Joan.  Cromwell's  wife  was  always 
called  Joan  by  the  cavalurs,  although 
her  real  nam.  beth. 

Joan,  princess  of  France,  affianced  to 
the   dnkr   of   Orleans.— Sir  W.    Scott, 
rwaro* (time,  Edward  IV.). 


Joan  of  Arc,  sumamed  Li  PueeUe* 

bom    m   a   village    upon    the    mar  ' 

Barre,  called  Domremy,  nearVaucouleurs. 

Her    fathei   was   dames   of    Arc,    s 

. '■•'■A,    poor  country-folk,    who 
brought  up  their    child    to 

cattle.     Joan   professed   to   be  inspired  to 

liberate   France   from   the    English 
actually  raised  the  siege  of  Orleans,  after 
which    Charles    II.   was    crowned 
1431). 

A  young  wench  of  (in  elghteene  jmn  old  ;  of  firourwai 
■ha counted llkeaome,  "f  ; 
of  courage  great.  h»r.h 

i  iknoe  "f  ciuutltie  both  ,,f  u>iy  and  t 
— Holiiubod,  ChronieUu,  t»)  |10,*7). 

.  .  .  there  wna  no  bloom  of  youth 
Upon  her  cheek  ■  yet  h.i.i  the  lnvolie>t  hue* 
Of  health.  wiui  laser  foadnatlon,  flxod 

The  g.u.r',  .-..■ ;  f  ,r  ran  ttu  niul.-n  wo*. 
Of  alntljl  :■  denea,  and  there  scrmed  to  dwell. 
'"  ,:i  'lliteluuice. 

Something  that  was  not  earthly. 

BouUiey.  Jo-tn  of  An  (17S6). 

%*  Schiller  has  a  tragedy  on  the  sub- 
ject, Jungfrau  ton  Orlcms  (1801);  Soumet. 
another.  | 

Soiithey's  epic,  we   have  one   by  1 
Czaneaux;  another  by  Chapelain, 
La  PuoeUe  (1656),  on"  which  Le  laboured 
for    thirty    years.      Cassimil     . 
has   an     admirable   elegy     OU     Tht  I 

(1816),  and  Voltaire  a  burlesque. 

Joanna,  the  "deserted  daughter"  of 

.Mr.  Mordent.  Her  father  abandoned  lor 
in  order  to  marry  lady  Anne,  and  his 
money-broker  placed  'her  under  the 
charge  of  Mrs.  Enfield,  who  kept  ■  house 
Of    intrigue.      Clieveril    fell    in    love   with 

Joanna,   and    described    her    as    having 

"  blue  eyes,   auburn    hair,    aquiline   DOSe, 

ivory   teeth,  carnation  lips,   a  ravishing 
mouth,   enchanting  neck,   a  form  d 
and  the  face  of  an  angel." — Holcrofl 

Deserted    Daughter    (altered    into 
■  ■•'/). 

Job  and  Elspnt,  father  and   D 

of   sergeant    Houghton.     Six   W.    - 

Waveri  II.). 

Job's  Witt-.  B  me  call  her  Rahmat, 
daughter  of  Ephraim  son  of  Joseph;  and 

others  call   her  Makhir,  daugl 

..e,  Koran,  \w.  • 

Joblillies  (  / 
of  a  village,  the  i 
Panjandrum. 

There  »  IMrnlnnlc  and  the  Johlilllr*, 

I   eg.ui.lruin  blnuo.:.— 
.  Tht  <JnarUrly  AW..  . 

Jobling,  medical  officer  to  the  "Anglo- 
1  Mr.  Jobling   • 

portentous   and  most  carefully  a 


JOBSON.  496 


gentleman,  fond  of  a  pood  dinner,  and 
said  by  all  to  be  "full  of  anecdote."  lie 
was  far  too  shrewd  to  be  concerned  with 
the  Anglo-Bengalee  bubble  company, 
except  as  a  paid  functionary.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzleicit  (1844). 

Jobson  (Joseph),  clerk  to  squire 
Inglewood  the  magistrate.  —  Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Hob  Hoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Jobson  (Zekel),  a  very  masterful  cobbler, 
who  ruled  his  wife  with  a  rod  of  iron. 

Neil  Jobson,  wife  of  Zekel,  a  patient, 
meek,  sweet-tempered  woman. — C.Coffey, 
The  Devil  to  Pay  (died  1745). 

Jock  o'  Dawston  Cleu^h,  the 
quarrelsome  neighbour  of  Dundie  Diu- 
mont,  of  Charlie's  Hope. 

Jock  Jabo8,  postilion  to  Mrs.  IfCand- 
lisli  the  landlady  ^f  the  Golden  Arms 
inn,  Kippletringan. 

Sloiuujinj  Jock,  one  of  the  men  of 
M'Guffog  the  jailer. — Sir  W.  Scott,  </".</ 
Momnermg  (time,  George  11.). 

Jock  o'  Hazeldean,  the  young 
man  beloved  by  a  "  ladyefair."  The  lady's 
father  wanted  hex  to  marry  Frank,  "  the 
chief  of  ESrrington  and  laird  of  Lang- 
ley  Dale,"  rich,  brave,  and  gallant:  bat 
"aye  she  let  the  tears  down  fa'  for 
Jock  of  Hazeldean. "  At  length  the  wed- 
ding mom  arrived,  the  kirk  was  gaily 
decked,  tlie  priest  and  bridegroom,  with 
dame  and  knight  were  duly  assembled  ; 
but  no  bride  could  be  seen :  she  had  crossed 
the  border  and  given  her  hand  to  Jock  of 
Hazeldean. 

This  ballad,  by  sir  W.  Scott,  is  a 
modernised  version  of  an  ancient  ballad 
entitled  Jocko1  llazelyrcm. 

Jockey  of  Norfolk,  sir  John 
Howard,  a  firm  adherent  of  Richard  III. 
On  the  night  before  the  battle  of  1ms- 
wortb  Field,  he  found  in  his  tent  this 
warning  couplet : 

Jocko  of  Norfolk,  bo  not  too  l»ld, 

Pot  Ou  knii,  tli)'  master,  is  bought  luid  sold. 

Jcdelet,   valet    of    Du    Croisy.      In 

order  to  reform  two  silly  girls,  whose 
heads    have    been  turned    by  novels,   Du 

Croisy  and  bis  friend  La  Grange  i,rct  their 

lackeys  int  induced  to  them,  as  the  "  vis- 
Count  of  Jodelel  "  and  the  "  marquis  of 
Masearille."  1  lie  trirls  are  delighted  with 
tl:eir  "  arisiocratic  visitors;"  but  when 
the  game  ha*  gone  far  enough,  the 
masters  step  in  and  onmask  the  trick. 
l'ne  two  girl=  arc  taught  a  most  usoful 
lesson,    but   are   saved    from    serious    ill 


JOHN. 

consequences. — Moliere,  Les  Pre'cieusci 
Ridicules  (1059). 

Joe,  "  the  fat  boy,"  page  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Wardle.  He  has  an  un- 
limited capacity  for  eating  and  sleeping. 
— C.  Dickens,  'TJte  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Joe  Gargery,  a  smith.  He  was  a  fair 
man,  with  curls  of  flaxen  hair  on  each 
side  of  his  smooth  face,  and  with  eyes  of 
"such  very  undecided  blue,  that  they 
seemed  to  have  got  mixed  with  their  own 
whites.  He  was  a  mild,  good-natured, 
tempered,  easy-going^  foolish,  dear 
fellow.  A  Hercules  in  strength,  and  in 
weakness  also."  He  lived  in  terror  of  his 
wife:  but  loved  Pip,  whom  he  brought 
up.    Hii  Real  word  was  "  meanteroay." 

Thus:    "What  1  meanursay,  if  you  come 

a-badgering  me,  boom  out.  Which  1 
raeantersay  as  seen,  if  you're  a  man,  come 
on.  Which  I  meanteroay  that  what  I  say  I 
tiuantersay  and  stand  to  it"  (ch.  xviii.). 
His  lirst  wife  whs  a  shrew;  but  soon 
after  her  death  he  married  Biddy,  a  young 
Woman  wholly  suited  to  him. 

Mrs.  Joe  G  smith's  first  wife  ; 

a  " rampageous  woman,*1  always  "on 
the  ram-nage."  By  no  means  good-look- 
ing  was.Mts.  doe,  with  her  black  hair, 
and  tierce  eyes,  and  prevailing  rc»:i •■ 
6kin,  looking  as  if  "  she  si-nililied 
with  a  nutmeg-grater  instead  of  soap  and 
flannel."  .She  "was  tall  and  bony,  i.r.d 
i  coarse  apron  fastened  over  her 
figure  behind  with  two  loops,  and  having 
a  square  bib  in  front,  stuck  full  of 
needles  and  pins."  She  brought  up  Tip, 
but   made   his   home   as  wretched    as  she 

could,  always  keeping  a  rod  called  "Tick- 
le*" ready  for  immediate  nMV  Mrs. 
Joe  was  a  very  clean  woman,  and  cleanli- 
ness is  next  to  godliness  ■  but  Mrs.  ,b  e 
had  the  art  of  making  her  cleanliness  as 
disagreeable  to  every  one  as  many  people 
do  their  godliness.  She  died  after  a  long 
illness. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Expectations 
(I860). 

John,  a  proverbially  unhappy  name 
for  royalty.— See  Dictionary  of  Phrase 
ami  Fa'hU;  461. 

We  Khali  nee.  however,  that  this  poor  king(/.\>Vrf  //.] 
rematnad  j*~*  ■BfbrtUMta  as  if  bii  bum  dm  still  been 

John  [ //(•  efcomglj  it  /mm  John  to  Kobcrtl. — i?:r  W. 
Scott,  TaJet  oj  a  UrandfatKtr,  i.  17. 

John,  a  Franciscan  friar. — Shakespeare, 
lionuo  aiul  Juliet  ( I 

John,  the  bastard  brother  of  don  Pedro. 
— Shakespeare  Much  Ado  abvut  Xot.'unj 
(IbOO). 


JOHN.  497 

John,  the  driver  of  the  Queen's  Ferry 
diligence. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

John  (Don),  brother  of  Leonato  governor 
of  Messina,  whom  he  hates.  In  order 
to  torment  the  governor,  don  John  tries 
to  mar  the  happiness  of  his  daughter 
Hero,  who  ia  about  to  be  married  to 
lord  Claudio.  Don  John  tells  Claudio 
that  his  Jiancde  has  promised  him  a  ren- 
dezvous by  moonlight,  and  if  Claudio 
will  hide  in  the  garden  he  may  witness  it. 
The  villain  had  bribed  the  waiting-woman 
of  Hero  to  dress  up  in  her  mistress's 
clothes  and  to  give  him  this  interview. 
Claudio  believes  the  woman  to  be  Hero, 
and  when  the  bride  appears  at  the  altar 
next  morning  he  rejects  her  with  scorn. 
The  truth,  however,  comes  to  light;  don 
John  takes  himself  to  tli^ht  ;  and  Hero 
is  married  to  lord  Claudio,  the  man  of  her 
choice. — Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  (1G00). 

I  bare  seen  the  great  Henderwm  [1747-173-5].  .  .  .  His 
"d..n  John"*  is  a  comic  "Cato,"  ami  hi*  "Hamlet" 
a  mixture  of  tr;u^dy,  comedy,  pastoral,  farce,  and  doo- 
ms.— David  Garrick  (1770). 

John  (Friar),  a  tall,  lean,  wide-mouthed, 
long-nosed  friar  of  Seville,  who  despatched 
his  matins  and  vigils  quicker  than  any  of 
his  fraternity.  He  swore  like  a  trooper, 
and  fought  like  a  Trojan.  When  the 
army  from  I  .erne  pillaged  the  convent 
vineyard,  friar  John  seized  the  staff  of  a 
cross  and  pummelled  the  rogues  without 
mercy,  beating  out  brains,  smashing 
limbs,  cracking  ribs,  gashing  bees, 
breaking  jaws,  dislocating  joints,  in  the 
most  approved  Christian  fashion,  and 
never  was  corn  so  mauled  by  the  flail  as 
were  these  pillagers  by  "  the  baton  of  t he 
-Rabelais,  Gargantva,  i.  27  (1533). 

%*  Of  course,  this  is  a  satire  of  what 
are  called  Christian  or  religious  wars. 

John  (Xing),  a  tragedy  by  Shakespeare 

il508).     This   drama  is   founded   on    The 
'irst  and  Second  Parti  of  the   IS 
tome  Raigns  of  John  King  of  I  'n  ;  'and,  <  to. 
Am  they  were  sundry  times  pubt&kly  mated 
(>;/  the  Queenet  M>  lyers  in  the 

Sonourabte  Citie  of  London  (1591). 

In  "Macbeth,"  "Hamlet."  "Wotsajr,"  "  Corlolanus," 
and  "Mni  John."  ha  ( Umand  Sean.  1787-1833J  nerei 

aivnmi-iitii  within  any  measurable  distance  of  the  learned. 
l>bl!<ao|iliical.  and  inujeillc  Kumble. — (/uartvr/y  AVikw 

W     0,    M.irr. -i.lv     ',':-(  IS7JJ   In   the  scene  where  he 
u.  "  Hubert "   tho    immler  ol    "Arthur,"     was 
a»t*rly.  and  l.l>  representation  of  death  by  poison  was 
roe,  forcible,  and  [emtic  — Talfourd. 

*m*  hyn<je  Johan,  a  drama  of  the 
transition  stale  between  the  moralitii 


JOHN. 


tragedy.     <>f  the  historical  persons  intro- 
w  have  kin^  ,i(,hn,  pope  Innocent) 
cardinal   Pandulphos,  Stephen  La 
etc. :  and  of  allegorical  personages  we have 
Widowed   Britannia,    Imperial    Majesty, 
Nobility,  Clergy,  Civil  Order,  '!•■ 
Verity,   and    Sedition.     This    play    wan 
published  in  1838  by  the  Oamdi 
under   the   care   of    Mr.    Collier     (about 
1550). 

John  (Little),  one  of  the  companions  of 
Robin  Hood.— Sir  W.  Scott,  J/«j  Tala- 
man  (time,  Richard  I.). 

John  (Prester).  According  to  Mandiv. 
ville,  Prester  John  was  a  lineal  descendant 
ofOgierthc  Dane.  This  Ogiev  penetrafa  1 
into  the  north  of  India  with  li  ft  een  barons  of 
his  own  country,  among  whom  he  divided 
the  land.  John  was  made  sovereign  of 
Teneduc,  and  was  called  Prester  because 
he  converted  the  nath 

Another  tradition  says  he  had  seventy 
kin-_:s  for  his  vassals, and  was  seen  by  his 
subjects  only  three  times  a  year. 

Marco  Polo  says  that  Prester  John  was 
the  khan  Ung,  who  was  slain  in  battle  by 
Jenghiz Khan, in  1202.     Hew  . 
by  the  NestorianB,  and  his  baptismal  name 

was  John.    Gregory  Bar-Hebmus, 
that   God     forsook  him    because  he   had 
taken   to  himself   a  wife  of  the    Zinisli 
nation,  called  Quarakhate. 

Otto  of  Preisingen  is  the  first  author 
who  makes  mention  of  Presto  r  John. 
His  chronicle  is  brought  down  to  the 
year  1156,  and  in  it  we  are  assured  that 
this  most  mysterious  personage  was  of 
the  family  of  the  Biagi,  and  ruled  over  tho 

country  of  these  w  iBe  Men.  "  ll<-  need" 
(according  to  Otto]  "a  sceptre  made  of 
emerali 

Bishop  Jordanus,  in  his  description  ol 
the  world,  Beta  down  Abyssinia  as  the 
kingdom  of  Prester  John.  At  one  tunc 
Abyssinia  went  by  the  name  of  Middle 

India. 

Maimonidfls    mentions    Prester    John, 

and  calls  him  Presto-Cuan.      1  he  .. 
Maimonidds  is  1 185  L20 1. 

•„•    Before  1241  a  Utter  was  add  I 

by    l'rester  John    to    Manuel    Cmnne'niH, 

emperor  of  Constantinople.  It  is  to  ie 
found  in  the  I  Albericue  [rinse 

Pentium,  who  gives  the  date  at  1166. 

In    Ariosl  .    wii., 

Prester  John  is  called  Bens/pas  k  I 

Ethiopia.     He   was   blind.    Though  the 

richest    monarch   of   the    world,  he    pined 

'•in  plenty  with  endless  famine, "  because 

his  food  whenever  the 
2  & 


JOHN. 


4W 


JOHNNY  CKAPAUD. 


table  was  spread  ;  but  this  plague  was  to 
cease  "when  a  stranger  came  to  his 
kingdom  on  a  flying  horse."  Astolpho 
came  on  a  flying  griflin,  and  with  his 
magic  horn  chased  the  harpies  into 
Cocy'tus. 

John  (Prince),  son  of  Henrv  II.,  intro- 
duced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  T/le  Betrothed 
(1825). 

John  (Prince),  brother  of  Richard  I., 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The 
Talisman  (1825). 

John  and  the  abbot  of  Canter- 
bury. King  John,  being  jealous  of  the 
state  kept  by  the  abbot  of  Canterbury, 
declared  he  should  be  put  to  death  unless 
he  answered  these  three  questions:  (1) 
"  How  much  am  I  worth?  (2)  how  long 
would  it  take  me  to  ride  round  the  world  ? 
and  (3)  what  are  my  thoughts?"  The 
king  gave  the  abbot  three  weeks  for  his 
answers.  A  shepherd  undertook  to  dis- 
guise himself  as  the  abbot,  and  to  answer 
the  questions.  To  the  first  he  said,  "  The 
king's  worth  is  twenty-nine  pence,  for 
the  Saviour  Himself  was  sold  for  thirty 
pence,  and  his  majesty  is  mayhap  a 
penny  worse  than  He."  To  the  second 
question  he  answered,  "  If  you  rise  with 
the  sun  and  riile  with  the  sun,  you  will 
get  round  the  world  in  twenty-four 
hours."  To  the  third  question  lie  re- 
plied, "  Your  majesty  thinks  me  to  be 
the  abbot,  but  1  am  only  his  servant." 
— Percy,  Reliquea,  II.  iii.  6. 

John  Blunt,  a  person  who  prides 
himself  on  his  brusqueness,  and  in  speak- 
ing unpleasant  truths  in  the  rudest  manner 
possible.  He  not  only  calls  a  spade  a 
spade,  but  he  does  it  in  an  offensive  tone 
and  manner. 

John  Bull,  the  national  name  for 
an  Englishman.     (See  Bli.i..) 

John  Chinaman,  a  Chinese. 

John  Company,  the  old  East  India 
Company. 

In  old  linuM.  John  Company  employed  nearly  4000  mon 
In  warehouse*. — Old  and  Xew  London,  li.  IN) 

John  Grueby,  the  honest,  faithful 
servant  of  lord  George  Gordon,  who 
wished  "  the  blessed  old  creetur,  named 
Bloody  Mary,  had  never  been  born."  He 
had  the  habit  of  looking  "a  long  way 
off."  John  loved  his  master,  but  hated 
his  religious  craze. 

"  UctweOB  I'.Icvm.!v  Marys,  and  blue  cockades,  and  glo- 
rious ipie*Mi  Bmmb,  and  uo  poponi,  ami  protastant  asso- 
ciations.'' aid  Grueby  to  nlmitlf.  "I  beller*  niy  lord'* 
half  off  till  head."— Dickens,  Uarnaby  Kwlge.  xxxvL 


John  of  Bruges  (1  syl.),  John  van 
Eyck,  the  Flemish  painter  (1370-1441). 

John  o'  G-roat,  a  Dutchman,  who 
settled  in  the  most  northerly  part  of 
Scotland  in  the  reign  of  James  IV.  He 
is  immortalized  by  the  way  he  settled  an 
open  dispute  among  his  nine  sons  re- 
specting precedency.  He  had  nine  doors 
made  to  his  cottage,  one  for  each  son, 
and  they  sat  at  a  round  table. 

From  John  <>  droat's  house  to  the  Land's 
End,  from  furthest  north  to  furthest  south 
of  the  island,  i.e.  through  its  entire 
length. 

John  of  Hexham,  Johannes  Hagus- 
taldensis,  a  chronicler  (twelfth  century). 

John  of  Leyden,  John  Bockhold  or 
Boccold,  a  fanatic  (1510-1536). 

In  the  opera,  he  is  called  "  the  prophet." 
Being  about  to  marry  Bertha,  three 
anabaptists  meet  him,  and  observe  in 
him  a  strong  likeness  to  a  picture  of 
David  -in  Minister  Cathedral.  Hiring 
induced  him  to  join  the  reikis,  they  take 
Minister,  and  crown  hi'ii  "  Kuler  of 
Westphalia."  His  mother  meets  him 
while  he  is  going  in  procession,  but  he 
disowns  her;  subsequently,  however,  he 
visits  her  in  prison,  and  is  forgiven. 
When  the  emperor  arrives,  the  ana- 
baptists fall  off,  and  John,  setting  fire  to 
llie  banquet-room  of  the  palace,  perishes 
with  his  mother  in  the  flames. — Mever- 
bcer,  Le  fmapkHe  (184 

John  with  the  Leaden  Sword. 
The  duke  of  Bedford,  who  acted  as  regent 
for  Henry  VI.  in  France,  was  so  called 
by  earl  Douglas  (surnamed  Tine-man). 

Johnny,  the  infant  son  of  Mrs.  Betty 
Higden's  "daughter's  daughter."  Mrs. 
Boffin  wished  to  adopt  the  child,  and  to 
call  him  John  Harmon,  but  it  died. 
During  its  illness,  Bella  Wilfer  went  to 
see  it,  and  the  child  murmured,  "  Who  is 
the  hoofer  lady  ?  "  The  sick  child  was 
placed  in  the  Children's  Hospital,  and, 
just  at  the  moment  of  death,  gave  his 
toys  to  a  little  boy  with  a  broken  leg  in 
an  adjoining  bed,  and  sent  "a  kiss  to  the 
hooter  lady." — C.  Dickens,  Our  Alutwil 
Frund  (1864). 

Johnny  Crapaud.  A  Frenchman 
was  so  called  by  English  sailors  in  the 
time  of  Napoleon  I.  The  Flemings 
called  the  French  "Crapaud  Franchos." 
The  allusion  is  to  the  toads  borne  in  lh« 
ancient  arms  of  France. 


JOHNSON. 


499 


JORDAN'. 


Johnson  (Dr.  Samuel),  lexico- 
grapher, essayist,  and  poet  (1709-17?*4). 

I  own  I  like  uot  Johnson'*  turpi!  style, 
That  gives  an  Inch  th'  Importance  of  .1  mile  : 
Cast*  of  manure  a  wiuownload  around. 
To  raise  a  simple  daisy  from  the  t-r..ijn.l  | 
Uplifts  the  club  of  Hercules— for  what  t 
To  crush  a  butterfly  or  brain  a  gnat ; 
Creates  a  whirlwind  from  the  earth,  to  draw 
A  goose's  feather  or  exalt  n  straw  ; 
Bids  ocean  labour  with  tremendous  roar, 
To  heave  a  cockle-shell  upon  the  iboifl, 
Alike  In  every  theme  his  pompom  art, 
Ileaven's  awful  thunder  or  a  rumhline.  carl 

Peter  Pindar  [Dr.  John  Wolcot]  (1816). 

Johnstone  (Auld  Willie),  an  old 
fisherman,  father  to  Peggy  the  laundry- 
maid  at  Woodburne. 

Young  Johnstore,  his  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannerim)  (time,  George  II.). 

Johnstone's  Tippet  (St.),  a  halter. 

Jolifie  (2  syl.),  footman  to  lady  Pen- 
feather. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Jionan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Joliffs  (Joceline),  undcr-kceper  of 
Woodstock  Forest. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stuck  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Joliquet  (Bibo),  the  garcon  of  the 
White  Lion  inn,  held  by  Jerome  Le- 
surques  (2  syl.), — Edward  Stirling,  The 
Courier  of  Lyons  (1852). 

Jollup  (Sir  Jacob),  father  of  Mrs. 
Jerry  Sneak  and  Mrs.  Bruin.  Jollup 
is  the  vulgar  pomposo  landlord  of  Gar- 
ratt,  who  insists  on  being  always  ad- 
dressed as  "  sir  Jacob." 

Keg.  Auan,  sir. 

sir  J.  "  Sir  1 "  sirrah  t  and  why  not  "  sir  Jacob,"  jrou 
[|  th.it  all  your  manners?  Has  his  majesty 
dubbed  me  knight,  for  you  to  make  me  a  mister  K — S. 
Foote,  Th*  Mayor  of  Oarratt,  1.  1  (1763). 

Jolter.  In  the  agony  of  terror,  on 
hearing  the  direction  given  to  put  on  the 
head-lights  in  a  storm  olf  Calais,  Smol- 
lett tells  na  that  Jolter  went  through  the 
steps  of  a  mathematical  proposition  with 
great  fervour  instead  of  a  prayer. 

Jonas,  the  name  '_ri\  en,  in  .1  bealotn  and 
Aehitophel,  to  sir  William  Jones,  jndge 
of  the  Irish  oourt  of  Common  Pleas  under 
James  I.  [t  is  a  pnn  on  the  name.-  Dry- 
tan,  Abtalom  ami  Achitopht  I,  i.  (1681). 
Jonathan,  a  sleek  old  widower.  He 
j>iirisli  orphan,  whom  sir  Benjamin 
Dove  apprenticed,  and  then  took  into  his 
family.  When  Jonathan  married,  the 
knight  gave  him  a  farm  rent,  free  mid 
well  stocked.    On  the  death  of  his  wife, 

■  <•  up  the  farm,  and  entered  the 
knight's  service  as  butler.  Under  the 
evil  influence  of  lady  Dove,  this  i>M 
servant  was  inclined  to  neglect  bis  kind 

■  ;  but  sir  Benjamin  soon  showed 
him  that,  although  the   lady  was  allowed 


to  ] k  him,  the  servants  were  not. — R 

Cumberland,  1'he  Brothers  (1709). 

Jon'athan,  one  of  the  servants  of 
general  Samson.— Sir  W.Scott,  W  i- 
stock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Jon'athan,  an  attendant  on  lord  Saville. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  J'cveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Jonathan  (Brother),  a  national  nick- 
name for  an  American  of  the  United 
States.  In  the  Revolutionary  war, 
Washington  used  to  consult  his  friend 
Jonathan  Trumbull,  governor  of  Con- 
necticut, in  all  his  difficulties.  "  We 
must  ask  brother  Jonathan,"  was  BO 
on  his  lips,  that  the  phrase  became  bv- 
nonymous  with  the  good  genius  of  the 
States,  and  was  subsequently  applied  to 
the  North  Americans  generally. 

Jonathan's,  a  noted  coffee-hi 
'Change   Alley,  described  in    The   Taller 
as  the  "general  mart  for  stock-jobbers." 
What  is  now  termed  "The  Royal  S 
Exchange  "    was    at    one     time    called 
"  Jonathan's." 

Yesterday  tho  brokers  and  others  .  .  .  came  to  a  reso- 
lution   that    [the   ntw  huihlinjl  instevl   of  being  called 

"Hew  Jonathan'!."  should  ba  called  "The  Bt 
changa."    The  brokers  then  collr.  ■  <  u-h,  and 

christened  the  house. — Xetcijxi/jcr  parajmph  lJuly  IS. 
1773). 

Jones  (Tom),  the  hero  of  a  novel  by 
Fielding,  called  The  History  of  TbmJona^ 
a  Foundling  (17-Ui).  Tom  Jones  is  a 
model  of  generosity,  openness,  and  manly 
spirit,  mingled  with  thoughtless  dissipa- 
tion. With  all  this,  he  is  noi  to  be 
admired  ;  his  reputation  is  flawed,  he 
Bponges  for  a  guinea,  ho  cannot  pay  his 
landlady,  and  he  lets  out  his  honour  to 
hire. 

The  romance  of  Tom  Jonei,  that  eiqulslte  pi  ' 

human  manners,  will  outlive  the  palace  of  the  Kecurbtl 

and  the  Imperial  eatfle  of  Austria. — elibUm. 

To  Tom  Jours  |a  added  Uie  charm   of  a  plot  of  un- 

Un,  In  wnleh  the  complex  threads,  of  interact 

rmight  tit  hear  nrmn  tint  ra taifrir|rhi  In  a  i     >      I 

e>|U:il!y      Unexpected     and      simple.  —  Arwyc.    lirit..   Art. 
"  Koniaiuo." 

Jones  (Ifrs.),  the  waiting-won 
lady    Penfeather. — Sir    W.    Scott, 
Roncm's  Weil  (time,  George  111.). 

Jonson   (/>'''«),  the  poet,  introdno  1 
by   sir  Walter  Scott    in  Ins    W 
Shakespeare  is  introduced  in  the  same 
novel. 

Jopsoil  (JaOOO),  farmer  at  tin   \ 
mar  Clifton. 

racob'a  daughter,     S  • 

marries    Ned    Williams.      >ir    W.     3 

Waverley  (time,  George  11.). 
Jordan  (Mrs.),  the  actress,  who  lived 


JORKINS. 

with  the  duke  of  Clarence,  was  Mistl 
Dorothea  Bland.  She  called  herself 
l>ma,  first  appeared  in  York  as  Miss 
Francis,  and  changed  her  name  at  the 
request  of  an  aunt  who  left  her  a  little 
property.  When  the  change  of  name 
was  debated  between  her  and  the  man- 
ager, Tate  suggested  "Mrs.  Jordan)" 
and  gave  this  very  pertinent  reason : 

"  You  have  crossed  Uie  water,"  nald  Tate,  "  so  111  call 
you  'Jordan.'" 

Jorkins,  the  partner  of  Mr.  Spenlow, 
in  Doctors'  Commons.  Mr.  Jorkinfl  is 
really  a  retiring,  soft-hearted  man,  but 
to  clients  he  is  referred  to  by  Spenlow 
as  the  stern  martinet,  whose  consent 
will  be  moat  difficult  to  obtain. — C. 
Dickens,  David  Gopperfield  (1649). 

Jorwortk  -  ap  -  Jevan,  envoy  of 
Gwenwyn  prince  of  Powys-land. — sir  \V. 

Scott,   The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Josaphat,  a  young  Indian  prince,  of 
whom  it  bad  been  predicted  that  be 
would  embrace  Christianity  and  become 

a  devotee.  His  father  tried  to  seclude 
him  from  all  knowledge  of  misery  and 
evil,  and  to  attach  him  only  to  pleasur- 
able pursuits.  At  length  the  young 
prince  took  three  drives,  in  one  of  which 
he  saw  Old  Age,  in  another  Sickness, 
and  in  the  third  Death.  Thi3  had  such 
an  effect  upon  him  that  he  became  a 
hermit,  and  at  death  was  canonized  both 
by  the  Eastern  and  Western  Churches. — 
Johannes  Damasccnus,  Balaam  and  Josa- 
pkat  (eighth  century). 

Josceline  (Sir),  an  English  knight 
and  crusader  in  the  army  of  Richard  I. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Talisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Jos6  {Don),  father  of  don  Juan, 
and  husband  of  donna  Inez.  Fie  was 
hen-pecked  and  worried  to  death  by 
his  wife's  "  proprieties."  To  the  world 
they  were  "models  of  respectability," 
but  at  home  they  were  "cat  and  dog." 
Donna  Inez  tried  to  prove  him  mad,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  divorce,  and  "  kept  a 
journal  where  all  his  faults  were  noted." 
"  She  witnessed  his-  agonies  with  great 
magnanimity ;"  but,  while  seeking  a 
divorce,  don  Jose'  died. — Byron,  Don 
(turn,  i.  26,  33  (1819). 

Joseph,  the  old  gardener  at  Shaw's 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonan's  Weil 
(kime,  George  III.). 

Joseph,  a  Jew  of  the  noblest  type ; 
with  unbounded  benevolence  and  most 
excellent  charity.     He  sets    a  splendid 


500  JOSSE. 


example  of  "Christian  ethics  "  to  those 
who  despised  him  for  not  believing  the 
"Christian  creed."  Joseph  the  Jew  war 
the  good  friend  of  the  Christian  minister 
of  Mariendorpt. — S.  Knowles,  The  Maid 
of  Mariendorpt  (1838). 

i  h  (A),  a  young  man  not  to  t>e 
seduced  from  his  continency  by  any 
temptation.  The  reference  is  to  Joseph 
in  1'otiphar's  house  ('Jen.  xxxix.). 

Joseph  (St.)  of  Arimathe'a,  said  to 
have  brought  to  Glastonbury  in  a  mystic 
vessel  some  of  the  blood  which  trickled 
from  the  wounds  of  Christ  at  the  Cruci- 
fixion, and  some  of  the  wine  left  at  the 
Last  Supper.  This  vessel  plays  a  very 
prominent  part  in  the  Arthurian  legends. 

Next  holy  Joseph  came  .  .  . 

.:iiikmd  In  sopu!i-lir«  lh.it  bid  ; 
Thut  t.i  the  I'.ritons  was  tli'  apostle.     In  la.  ;i  I 
Si    Dorian,  aud  with  hiin  St.  Fu#an,  boUi  which  were 
lib  scholars. 

Drayton,  Pol^oibton,  xiiv.  |16sEI). 

*„*  He  also  brought  with  him  the 
spear  of  I.onginus,  the  Roman  soldier 
who  pierced  the  side  of  Jesus.  —Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prime*  Arthur,  i.  40 
(1-170)'. 

*»*  The  "  mystic  vessel  "  brought  by 
Joseph  is  sometimes  called  the  San  Graal ; 
but  by  referring  to  the  word  (JitAAL,  it 
will  lie  seen  that  the  usual  meaning  of 
the  term  in  Arthurian  romance  ia  very 
different. 

Jos'epliine  (3  tyl.).  wife  of  Werner, 
and  mother  of  1'lrie.  Josephine  was  the 
daughter  of  a  decayed  1  Lilian  exile  of 
noble  blood. — Byron,  Werner  (1822). 

Jos'ian,  daughter  of  the  king  of  Ar- 
menia, and  wife  of  sir  Bevis  of  South- 
ampton. It  was  Josian  who  gave  the 
hero  his  sword  "  Morglay  "  and  his  steed 
"  Arundel." — Drayton,  Polyolbiun,  ii. 
(1612). 

Joese  (1  si//.),  a  jeweller.  Lucinde 
(2  si//.),  the  daughter  of  Sganarelle,  pined 
and  fell  away,  and  the  anxious  father 
asked  his  neighbours  what  they  would 
advise  him  to  do.     Mon.  Josse  replied  : 

"  Pour  iiinl,  je  tlens  quo  la  hrarerie,  que  1'ajusUr.ient 
art  la  choaa  Qui  rejoult  le  plus  lea  fllles  ;  et  si  j'ctoit  que 
de  vous,  je  lul  achlterois  des  atijourd'  hul  tine  belle  gar- 
niture de  dlamants,  ou  de  rubls,  ou  d'euieraudee." 

Sgnarelle  made  answer: 

"  Vous  etes  orforTe,  Monsieur  Josse ;  et  Totre  cornel! 
sent  BOD  hnmme  qui  a  envie  de  se  defaire  de  sa  marcli&n- 
dise."— Molkre,  LWnmur  Mi<Ucin.  I.  1  (1665). 

Vous  etes  orfevre,  Mon.  Josse  ("  You 
are  a  jeweller,  Mon.  Josse,  and  are  not 
disinterested  in  your  advice").  (Sea 
above.) 


JOTHAM. 


601 


JUAN. 


Jo'tham,  the  person  who  uttered  the 
parable  <>f  "  TheTreet  choosing  a  King," 
when  the  men  of  Shechem  made  Abime- 
lech  king.  In  Dryden'a  Absalom  and 
AxskUophn,  it  stands  for  George  Saville, 
marquis  of  Uulifux. 

Jutham  of  iilrrrini!  wit  and  jireirnnnt  thoutjht. 
Enilui'-I  by  nature,  and  by  kmrning  taught 
To  MOM  A-w-inbli.'-  .  .  .  turned  the  balance  too; 
60  much  the  weight  of  one  brave  man  can  do. 

Dryden,  Altai- *n  and  Aenitophel,  I.  (1681). 

Jour  des  Morts  (All  Svuts'  Day).  A 
I  deppoise  legend  explains  thephxaae  thus: 

I*  gneit'ur  ie  la  Jab  a  roll  no  milic.i  de  l\  unit  arrlrer 

.  K  la  hale,  il  I'emprew  dc  Inl  Jeter  la  greUn; 

m.iL<  ik  n-  moment  mcinc  la  bateau  dbpajnft;  on  antaod 

I  [aloUbqnl  font  frlasonm-r.  car  011  les  recommit 

I    r  ilo.<  marlns  i'ii  ont  ntuTrega  dam  1  . 

Chapua,  Ditppt  «f  »<j  AtHrtnu  (USB). 


Jour  king  of  Mambrant,  the 
person  wlio  carried  off  Jos'ian  the  wife  of 
sir  Uevis  of  Southampton,  his  sword 
"Morglay,"  and  his  steed  " Ar'undel." 
Sir  Bevia,  disguised  as  a  pilgrim,  re- 
covered all  three. — Dravton,  1'olyolbion, 
ii.  (1012). 

Jonrdain  (.Axons.),  an  elderly  trades- 
man, who  lias  Fuddenly  fallen  into  a  large 
fortune,  and  wishes  to  educate  himself  up 
to  his   new  position  in  society.      He  em- 

filoys  masters  of  dancing,  fencing,  philo- 
Ogy,  and  so  on;  and  the  fun  of  the 
drama  turns  on  the  ridiculous  remarks 
that  he  makes,  and  the  awkward  figure 
he  cuts  as  the  pupil  of  these  professon. 
One  remark  is  especially  noted  :  he  says 
he  had  been  talking  prose  all  his  life,  and 
never  knew  it  till  his  professor  told  him. 
— Molierc,  I.e  Bourgeois  Qmtilhomme 
(1670). 
Journalists.    Napoleon  I.  said  : 

A  jnumnllit  l.i  a  grumbler,  a  censnrer,  a  glrcr  of  adrlce. 
a  NBSBt  of  lorereiKni,  a  tutor  of  nation*.  Kour  hostile 
news|<a|iers  aru  more  formidable  than  a  thousand 
bayoneta. 

Jovian,  emperor  of  Rome,  was  bath- 
ing one  day,  when  a  person  sttde  his 
clothes  am!  passed  himself  off  as  the 
emperor.  Jovian,  naked  and  ashamed, 
went  to  a  knight,  said    be    was  emperor, 

and  begged  the  loan  of  a  few  garments 

for  the  nonce  ;  hut  the  knight  called  him 
an  Impostor,  ami  had  him  BCOUrged  from 
th»!  gate.  He  next  went  to  a  duke,  who 
was  his  chief  minister  ;  hut    the  duke  had 

him  confined,  and  fed  on  bread  and  water 
as  a  vagrant  and  a  madman,  He  then 
applied  at  the  palace,  but  no  one  recog- 
nised him  there.    Lastly,  he  went  to  his 

Confessor,  and  humbled  himself,  e, 

in:'  ins  tins.    'I  ha  priest  took  him  to  the 

palace,  and  the  than)  emperor  proved  to 
be  an  nngel  sent  to  reform  the  proud 
luoiiareh.      The    st'.ry     Bl \  |     lli.it    ,lo>ian 


forth  reigned  with  mercy  and  jus- 
tice, tin  he  died. — Evemmgt  urith  the  Old 
Story-tellers. 

Joyeuse     (2    .«•;'•),     Cfcarlerm 
sword,  which  bore  the  Inscription  :   . 
prxBoapt  rum    ■  ■<  :  •■    Garifhs.       '. 
buried   with   the    king,    as   Tiso'l 
Cid's  sword)  was  buried  with  the  ' 

Joyeuse-Garde    or     Garde-Jo- 
yeuse,  the  estate  given  by  king  ' 
to  sir  Launcelot  du   Lac  for   defending 
the   queen's   honour    against    sir  U 
Here  sir  Launcelot  was  buri 

Joyous  Isle,  the  place  to  which  sir 
Launcelot  retired  during  his  lit  of  inud- 
ni  88,  which  lasted  two  years. 

Juan  (Don),  a  hero  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  a  natural  .-on  of  Charles-quint, 
horn  at  Ratiabonne,  in  1646.  He  con- 
quered  the  Moon  of  Grana'da,  won  a 
great  naval  victory  over  the  Turks  at 
Lepanto,  made  himself  master  of  Tunis, 
and  put  down  the  insurgents  of  the 
Netherlands  |  1646  -16* 

This  is  the  don  Juan  of  C.  Dcla 
drama  entitled  Dun  Juan  a" A 
(1835). 

Juan  (Doti),  son  of  don  Louis  Tenorio, 
of  Sicily,  a  heartless  roue*.  His  valet 
says  of  nun  : 

"  Tu  roji  en  don  Juan  le  plus  grar.d  «celernt  muc  la  terra 
nit  Janurii  ports,  un  enrwe,  uii  chi»*n.  uri  dieaoa,  an 
Turc,  un  hereUqaa  QUI  Be  c.->>it  nl  ciel.  ol  enfer,  ni  (liable 
lie,  un  pourceau 
a'Kplcure,  un  naj  Sardana|  ale;  qui  farm 
lei  remootnnoai  no'  on  lui  peat  f.virr.  et  tnlM 
vetoes  tout  ce  que  noiu  croyona" — Moliere,  Uvn  Juan, 
I.10SH). 

Juan  (Don),  a  native  of  Seville,  son  of 
don  Jose  and   donna    Ines  (a    blue 

ing).     When  Juan  «as  16  yean  old,  he 
got  into  trouble  with  donna  Jul  i 

was  sent   by  his   mother  (then  a  widow) 
on  his  travels.      His  adventures   f(  r:n  thg 

story  of  a  | m  so  called  :   bul  the  tale  is 

left  incomplete. — Lord  I  •   Ju-in 

(1819  -Jl). 

Jwm  (Don),  or  don  Giovanni,  the  prince 

of    libertine*.      Trie   original 

meter  w.i^  don  Juan  T<  Seville, 

who    attempted    the    aednd 

governor's     daughter;     and    the     father, 

■  the  libertine  to  a  duel,  feu,     A 

statue  of  the  murdered  father  I 
in  the  family  vault  ;  and  one  day,  when 
don  Juan  forced  his  way  inl 
he  invited  the  statue  to  a  banquet.  The 
statu. >  accordingly  placed  itself  at  tho 
to  the  amaxemenl  of  the  host,  and, 
Uing  the   libertine   t<>  follow,  de- 


JUAN  FERNANDEZ. 


502 


JUEL. 


livered  him  over  to  devils,  who  carried 
him  off  triumphant. 

Dramatized  first  by  Gabriel  Tellez 
(16"26).  Moliere  (1666)  and  Thomas 
CorneiU.e,  in  Le  Festin  de  Pierre,  both 
imitated  from  the  Spanish  (1678),  have 
made  it  the  subject  of  French  comedies  ; 
Goldoni  (1765),  of  an  Italian  comedy  ; 
Glilck.  of  a  musical  ballet  (1765) ;  Mozart, 
of  an  opera  called  Don  Giovanni  (1787),  a 
princely  work. 

Juan  Fernandez,  a  rocky  island  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coast  of 
Chili.  Here  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  buc- 
caneer, resided  in  solitude  for  four  years. 
Defoe  is  supposed  to  have  based  his  tale 
of  Robinson  Cncsoe  on  the  history  of 
Alexander  Selkirk. 

%*  Defoe  places  the  island  of  his  hero 
"  on  the  east  coast  of  South  America," 
somewhere  near  Dutch  Guiana. 

Juba,  prince  of  Numidia,  warmly 
attached  to  Cato  while  he  lived  at  Utica 
(in  Africa),  and  passionately  in  love  with 
Marcia,  Cato's  daughter.  Sempro'nius, 
having  disguised  himself  as  Juba,  was 
mistaken  for  the  Numidian  prince  by 
Marcia  ;  and  being  slain,  she  gave  free 
vent  to  her  grief,  thus  betraying  the  slate 
of  her  affection.  Juba  overheard  her,  and 
as  it  would  have  been  mere  prudery  to 
deny  her  love  after  this  display,  she 
freely  confessed  it,  and  Juba  took  her  as 
his  betrothed  and  future  wife. — J.  Addi- 
eon,  Cato  (1713). 

Jubal,  son  of  Lamech  and  Adah. 
The  inventor  of  the  lvre  and  flute. — 
Gen.  iv.  19-21. 

Then  when  he  [Javari]  heard  the  voice  of  Jubal's  lyre. 
Instinctive  genius  caught  the  ethereal  fire. 
J.  Montgomery,  The  World  be/ore  the  flood,  1.  (18i2). 

Judas,  in  pt.  ii.  of  Absalom  and  Achi- 
tophel,  most  of  which  was  written  by  Tate, 
is  meant  fur  Mr.  Furgueson,  a  noncon- 
formist, who  joined  the  duke  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  afterwards  betrayed  him. 

Shall  Uiat  false  Hebronite  escape  our  curse — 
Judas,  that  keeps  the  rebels'  pension-purse ; 
Judas,  that  pais  the  treason-writers  lee  ; 
Judas,  that  well  deserves  his  namesake's  treef 

A  btalom  and  Achitophel,  Ii.  (1682). 

Judas  Colour.  In  the  old  mys- 
tery-plays, Judas  had  hair  and  beard  of  a 
fiery  rod  colour. 

let  the'r  beards  be  Judas's  own  colour. 

TV  mas  K}d,  The  Xpjnith  Tragedy  (1597). 

Judas  Iseanot.  Klopstock  sayB 
that  Judas  Iscariot  had  a  heart  formed 
for  ever"  virtue,  and  was  in  youth  un- 
polluted by  crime,    insomuch    that    the 


Messiah  thought  him  worthy  of  being 
one  of  the  twelve.  He,  however,  was 
jealous  of  John,  because  Jesus  loved  him 
more  than  He  loved  the  rest  of  the 
apostles ;  and  this  hatred  towards  the 
beloved  disciple  made  him  hate  the  lover 
of  "  the  beloved."  Judas  also  feared 
(says  Klopstock)  that  John  would  have 
a  higher  post  than  himself  in  the  king- 
dom, and  perhaps  be  made  treasurer. 
The  poet  tells  us  that  Judas  betrayed 
Jesus  under  the  expectation  that  it  would 
drive  Him  to  establish  His  kingdom  at 
once,  and  rouse  Him  into  action. — Klop- 
stock, The  Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Judas  Tree,  a  gallows. 

%•  The  garden  shrub  called  the  Judaa 
tree  is  a  mere  blunder  for  kuamos  tree, 
i.e.  the  bean  tree  ;  but  the  corrupt  name 
has  given  rise  to  the  legend  that  Judas 
hanged  himself  on  one  of  these  trees. 

Judi  (Al),  the  mountain  on  which 
the  ark  rested.  The  word  is  a  corruption 
of  At  Kurdu,  so  called  because  it  wai 
inhabited  by  the  Kurds.  The  (irecks 
corrupted  the  name  into  Gordym,  and 
the  mountain  was  often  called  the  Gor- 
rljwinn 

The  ark  rested  on  the  mountain  Al  Judi — Al  Kordit, 
xi. 

Judith,  a  beautiful  Jewess  of  P>cthn'- 
lia,  who  assassinated  Holofernes,  the 
general  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  to  save  her 
native  town.  When  Judith  showed  the 
head  of  the  general  to  her  countrymen, 
they  rushed  on  the  invading  army,  and 
put  it  to  a  complete  rout.— Judith  vii., 
x.-xv. 

Judith  (Aunt),  sister  to  Master  George 
Heriot  the  king's  goldsmith.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Judy,  the  wife  of  Punch.  Master 
Punch,  annoyed  by  the  cries  of  the  baby, 
gives  it  a  knock,  which  kills  it,  and,  to 
conceal  his  crime  from  his  wife,  throws 
the  dead  body  out  of  the  window.  Judy 
comes  to  inquire  about  the  child,  and, 
hearing  of  its  death,  upbraids  her  lord 
stoutly,  and  tries  on  him  the  "  reproof  of 
blows."  This  leads  to  a  quarrel,  in  which 
Judy  is  killed.  The  officers  of  justice, 
coming  to  arrest  the  domestic  tyrant, 
meet  the  same  fate  as  his  child  and  wife  ; 
but  at  last  the  devil  outwits  him,  he  it 
hanged,  and  carried  off  to  the  place  of  all 
evil-doers. 

Juel  (Nils),  a  celebrated  Danish 
admiral,  who  received  his  training  under 


JULETTA. 

Tr"inp  and  De  Ruyter.  He  defeated  the 
Rwedea  in  1677  in  several  engagements. 

Nil.  .'(!■  I  ni\r  l«r.-.|  t.»  i ho  tempest '•  roar  .  •  . 
'•  i  if  Danmark'i  Juel  who  can  defy 

Longfellow.  King  ChrUtian[r.\ 

Julct'ta,  the  witty,  sprightly  attend- 
ant of  Alinda. —  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Pilgrim  (1621). 

Julia,  a  lady  beloved  by  Protheus. 
llfr  waiting-woman  is  Lucetta. — Shake- 
speare, /'"  OenUemenof  Verona  (1694). 

Julia,  the  "ward"  of  Master  Walter 
"the  hunchback."  She  was  brought  np 
by  him  most  carefully  in  the  country, 
ami  at  a  marriageable  age  was  betrothed 
to  sir  Thomas  Clifford.  Being  brought  to 
London,  she  was  carried  away  in  the 
vortex  of  fashion,  and  became  the  votary 
of  pleasure  and  dissipation,  abandoned 
Clifford,  and  promised  to  marry  the  earl 
of  Rochdale.  As  the  wedding  day  drew 
nigh,  her  love  for  Clifford  returned,  and 
she  implored  her  guardian  to  break  off 
her  promise  of  marriage  to  the  earl. 
Walter  now  showed  himself  to  be  the 
real  earl  of  Rochdale,  and  father  of  Julia. 
Her  nuptials  with  the  supposed  earl  fell 
to  the  ground,  and  she  became  the  wife  of 
sir  Thomas  Clifford. — S.  Snowies,  The 
Hunchback  (1831). 

Ju'lia  (Donna),  a  lady  of  Sov'ille, 
of    Moorish    origin,  a  married    woman, 

"charming,  chaste,  and  twenty-three." 
Her  eye  was  lar^e  and  dark,  her  hair 
glossy,  her  brow  smooth,  her  cheek  "all 
purple    With    the    beam    of     youth,"    her 

busband  50,  and  his  name  Alfonso.  I  tonna 
Julia  loved  a  lad  of  l'*>,  named  don  Juan, 
"  not  wisely  but  too  well,"  for  which  she 
wu  confined  in  a  convent. — Byron,  Don 
/ho*,  i.  69-188  (1819). 

Tonder  and  ImpavliMind.  hut  pove.wlng  neither  lnfor- 
mMinn  to  occupy  Iter  mind,  not  |00a  principle*  to 
regulate  her  conduct,  donna  Jnli.t  o  an  1 11  u-.tr.it i  n ,  of  the 
ol  Seville.  "  who'ti  minds  have  but  one  idoa.  And 
»li'«  life  balneal  is  Intrigue."  1  ■ 
Impulse  .  .  .  kIip  now  prostrate,  hertrtf  before  the  altat  of 
the    Virgin.    making     Iha    DObl  nOOOOjr, 

pride,  rrlulon.  virtue'.  ..-ike."  and  than.  "  in  the  full 
•rrurltv  -it  inn. k  in' r, '  aha  aakj  t.  n  tiiti.-u.  . -viul  ftndj 
retreat  liuiKMBihle. — Klndon,  llyron  SaowaJaa 

JllliaMolvillo,  av;ardofsir  Anthony 

Absolute;  in  love  with  Faulkland,  who 

saved  her  life  when  she  was  thrown  into 

the  water  by  the  upset:  in  t  of  a  boat. — 

Sheridan,  T/u;  Rivals  (17" 

Julian   (Count),  a   powerful   lor.l   of 

panish  <  roths.     When  his  rj  ■ 

Florinda  was  violated  by  king  Roderick, 

nut    was    s,i    indignant    that    he 

invited  over  the  Moor-  to  come  and  push 

i(  k    from    the    throne,    and    even 


JULIE. 


turned   renegade  the  better  to  erfect  hit 
If  OOl  :,    but 

count    Julian   to   'bat.  . 
punish  treachery,  and   ; 
Jc'ian,  before  he  ilied,  sent  for  "  father 
Maccain  e,"  and  laid  : 

.    h  wherein  mv   ' 
I  f"  l  that  I  hata  rtnnad,  and  fr..ni  o  . 
Kcnounce  the  ImpoatOf'l  Call       -  .  kju! 

No  place  obtained. 

Souther.  Hodtrick,  etc..  nb 

Julian    (St.),   patron    saint   of  1 
ality.     An  epicure,  a  man  of  hospil 
An  noaaahaldat  aad  thai  ,i  gret  wa»  he ; 
■  Julian  he  w.ii  in  in.  oountrd. 
Chaucer.  Introdmelion  to  Canterbury  Talrt  (1388). 

Julian  St.  Pierre,  the  brother  of 

Mariana  ('/.f.). — S.  Knowles,  The  Wife 
(1833). 

Juliana,    el. lest    daughter    of    Bal- 
tha/.a.     A  proud,  arrogant,  overl  • 

"  Katharine,"   who  marries  the   duke   of 

Aranza,  and  intends   to  be  lady 

mount.     The   duke  takes  her  to    | 
hut,  which    be   calls   his   hon  I 

the  household    d  rform,  ami 

pretends     to     be     B    day   labourer. 

chafes   for  t:  time  ;   but  his   man 
affection,  and  Grmi 

ami  when  he  sees  that  she  loves  him  for 
himself,  he  announces  the  fact  that  after 
nil  he  is  the  duke  and  she  the  duel  ' 

Aranza. — J.Tobin,  The  Honeymoon 

Ju'lianco,  a  giant— Sir  T.  Malory, 
JJistury  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  98  (1470). 

Julie  ('2  Sy/.),  the  heroine  of  Moli.re's 

comedy  entitled  Jlons.  dc  Povrotamgnac 
(1669). 

Ju'lie  (2  3t/l.),  the  heroine  of  J,  J. 
■iu's  novel  entitled  Julie  on  la 
1 1760).  The  \  i 
was  the  comtesse  d'Houdetot.  Julie  had 
a  pale  complexion,  a  graceful  Qgure,  a 
profusion  of  light  brown  hair,  and  her 
near-si  ghtedl     -J  .ruling 

mixture   of      XUchcrie  and  grace." 
scan    went  '  t   her, 

that  lie  might  receive  from  Iter  that  single 
kiss  with   « hich   I  liute  a 

friend.    One  day,  eau  told  hex 

that    "he    might    innocently    love 

■  her  husband,  sh< 
".'e   pourrais  done    aimez    d  i 

,i n n."    l.ord  Byron  lias  mads  bar 
familiar  to  Knglish  rc.i 

•a  wai  |«ail'>n'i  t.im  .  .  . 
Till.  I  tliU 

-  -.1, 
•  k  w 

I  .-rr»t 

■  dd  meal, 

lt»r..  HL  TV  (IBIS*. 


JULIE  DE  MORTEMAR. 


504 


JUST. 


Julie  de  Mortemar,  an  orphan, 
ward  of  Richelieu,  and  loved  by  king  Louis 
XIII.,  count  Baradas,  and  Adrien  de 
Mauprat,  the  last  of  whom  she  married. 
After  many  hair-bieadth  escapes  and 
many  a  heart-ache,  the  king  allowed  the 
union  and  blessed  the  happy  pair. — Lord 
Lytton,  Bicfielieu  (1839). 

Ju'liet,  daughter  of  lady  Cap'ulet  of 
Verona,  in  love  with  Ro'meo  son  of 
Mon'tagoe  (3  s>/L),  a  rival  house.  As 
the  parents  could  not  be  brought  to 
sanction  thealliance,  thewhole  intercourse 
wis  clandestine.  In  order  that  Juliet 
might  get  from  the  house  and  meet 
Romeo  at  the  cell  of  friar  Laurence,  she 
took  a  sleeping  draught,  and  was  carried 
to  the  family  vault.  The  intention  was 
that  on  waking  she  should  repair  to  the 
cell  and  get  married  ;  but  Borneo,  seeing 
her  in  the  vault,  killed  himself  from 
grief  ;  and  when  Juliet  woke  Rod  found 
Romeo  dead,  she  killed  herself  also. — 
{Shakespeare,  Rumeo  and  Juliet  (1596). 

C.  H.  Wilson  says  of  Mrs.  Baddeley 
(1742-1780)  that  her  "'Juliet'  was  neve"r 
surpassed."  W.  Donaldson,  in  his  /,'<,,,/- 
lections,  says  that  "  .Miss  <  iN.iil  made  her 
first  appearance  in  Covent  Garden  Theatre 
in  1815  as  •  Juliet,'  and  never  was  such 
nn  impression  made  before  by  any  actress 
whatsoever."  Miss  Fanny  Kemble  and 
Miss  Helen  Faucit  were  both  excellent  in 
the  same  character.  The  youngest  Juliet 
was  Miss  Rosa  K\nney  (under  18),  who 
made  her  dtfmt  in  this  character  at  Drury 
Lane  in  1879. 

The  doatlng  fondness  and  gllljr  peevishness  of  the  nurse 
tends  [sic]  to  relieve  the  soft  and  affectionate  character  of 
"Juliet,"  and  to  place  her  before  the  audience  in  a  point 
of  view  which  those  who  have  seen  Miss  O'Neill  perform 
"Juliet"  know  how  to  appreciate. — Sir  W.  6cott,  The 
Drama. 

Juliet,  the  lady  beloved  by  Claudio 
brother  of  Isabella. — Shakespeare,  Mea- 
sure for  Measure  (1603). 

Ju'lio,  a  noble  gentleman,  in  love  with 
Lclia  a  wanton  widow. — Beaumont  and 
Fletchor,  T/ie  Captain  (1(513). 

Julio  of  Harancour,  "the  deaf 
and  dumb "  boy,  ward  of  Parlemont, 
who  gets  possession  of  Julio's  inherit- 
ance, and  abandons  him  in  the  streets  of 
Paris.  Julio  is  rescued  by  the  abbe  De 
l'Epe'e,  who  brings  him  up,  and  gives  him 
the  name  of  Theodore.  Julio  grows  up 
a  noble-minded  and  intelligent  young 
man,  is  recognized  by  the  Franval 
family,  and  Darlemont  confesses  that 
"the  deaf  and  dumb"  boy  is  the  count 
of  Harancour.— Th.  Holcroft,  TU  Deaf 
owl  Dtmh  (17Ho). 


Julius  (St.),  a  British  martyT  oi 
Caerleon  or  the  City  of  Legions  (Xcwport, 
in  South  Wales).  He  was  torn  limb 
from  limb  by  Maximia'nus  Hereulius, 
general  of  the  army  of  Diocle'tian  in 
Britain.  Two  churches  were  founded  in 
the  City  of  Legions,  one  in  honour  of  St. 
Julius,  and  one  in  honour  of  St.  Aaron 
his  fellow-martyr. 

.  . .  two  other  .  .  .  sealed  their  doctrine  with  their  blood ; 
8t  Julius,  and  with  him  St.  Aaron,  have  their  room 
At  Gideon,  suffering  death  by  Diocletian's  doom. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  uciv.  (1622) 

Jumps  (Jemmy),  in  The  Farmer. 
One  of  the  famous  parts  of  Jos.  S.  Mun- 
den  (1758-1S3J). 

June  (  The  Glorious  First  of)  was  June, 
1794,  when  lord  Howe  gained  a  great 
'vi.-tory  over  the  French. 

Junkerthum,  German  squirearchy. 
(From  junker,  "a  young  nobleman  j"  our 

younkcr.) 

Juno's  Birds.  Juno  is  represented 
in  works  of  art  as  drawn  through  fields 
of  air  by  ■  pair  of  peacocks  harnessed  to 
her  chariot. 

Jupe  (Siijnor),  clown  in  Slcary's 
circus,  passionately  attached  to  his  daugh- 
ter Cecilia.  Signor  Jupe  leaves  the  circus 
suddenly,  because  he  is  hissed,  and  is 
never  h?.ard  of  more. 

Cecilia  Jupe,  daughter  of  the  clown. 
After  the  mysterious  disappearance  of 
her  father,  she  is  adopted  and  educated 
by  Thomas  Gradgrind,  Esq.,  M.P. — C. 
Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1854). 

Just  (The). 

Akisti'i>£.s,  the  Athenian  (died  m.o. 
4G8). 

La'iiaram,  called  Shah  endeb  ("the 
just  king").  He  was  the  fifth  of  thi 
Sassan'ides  (876-296). 

Cassimik  II.  of  Poland  (1117,  1177- 
1194). 

Ferdinand  I.  of  Aragon  (1373,  1412- 
1410). 

Hakoun-al-Raschid  ("the just"),  the 
greatest  of  the  Abbasside  caliphs  (765, 
786-808). 

James  II.  of  Aragon  (1261,  1285- 
1827). 

KirosRU  or  Chosroes  I.,  called  by  the 
Ara!^  Molktd  Add  ("the  just  king").  He 
was  the  twentv-rirst  of  the  Sassanidfle 
(    .  :...!   579). 

Mokan,  counsellor  of  Feredach  an 
carlv  king  of  Ireland. 

l'i.DRO  I.  of  Portugal  (1320,  1367- 
1367). 


JUSTINIAN. 


605 


HALED. 


Justin'ian  (Tlie  English),  Edward  I. 
1272  1307). 

Ju'venal  (The  English),  John  Old- 
ham (1668-1688). 

Ju'rcwtl  (  The  Tinmg).  [I'r.]  Thomas 
Lodge  ia  bo  called  by  Robert  Green  (1555  - 
1625).— if  Groat'moorth  of  Wit,  bought 
with  a  Million  of  Repentance. 

Ju'venal  of  Painters  (The), 
William  Hogarth  (1697-1794). 

J'y  suis  et  j'y  reste  ("Here  am 
I  placed,  and  here  I  mean  to  remain"). 
This  was  said  by  marshal  de  MacMahon, 
and  shows  the  character  of  the  marshal- 
president  of  the  French  better  than  a 
volume  (1877).     But  he  resigned  in  1S79. 


Kadr  (4/),  the  night  on  which  the 
Koran  was  sent  down  to  Mahomet.  Al 
Kadi  is  supposed  to  be  the  seventh  of  the 
last  ten  nights  of  Ramadan,  or  the  night 

between  the  23rd  and  24th  days  of  the 
month. 

Verily  w»  sent  down  the  Koran  on  the  nljtht  of  Al 
Kailr  ;  and  what  fan  makt!  that  eOflipnhand  how  ex- 
cnlliMit  tin-  IiiKtU  nf  Ai  Klldr  Ut— Al  A'ur.iii,  ICTtL 

Kaf  (Mount),  a  mountain  encircling 
the  whole  earth,  said  to  be  >  huge  table- 
land which  walls  in  the  earth  as  a  ring 
encirclea  one's  finger.  It  is  the  home  ox 
giants  and  fairies,  jinn,  peris,  and  deevs, 
mid  rests  en  the  sacred  stone  called  8akh- 
rat.  It  is  fully  described  in  the  romance 
nf  J/iitim  Tat,  the  hero  of  which  often 
visited  the  region.  The  romance  lias 
been  translated  into  English  by  Duncan 
1  wins. — Mohammt dan  Mythology. 

The  mountain  of  KAf  iurr.nin.t-.  th.'  vbolfl  WOfM.     It  la 

iM 1    It   llirrr  are 

:.  different  to  tin- .  each  ..f  the 

-•'lOtc*. 

I  ipi  From 

ffbrtnga  of  the  raoa  of  man  ;  the  i.    there,  has  no 
■  I    ui.l  the  Inhabitant!  n. 

ait  coaxing  the  i 
(m  noantain  KH  li  placed  l<  tween  Uti   b 
I 

I  hJa  hunt  part*  Uh    - 

iroa  could  not  ba  tr.n.  -    rear*. — 

lc    Oi>Iim,    Oriental    1.l!'I    I"  H 

The  mountain  of  KM  mar  act  hound,  to  "..-  world,  hot 
i 

l.U). 

t  •  Kaf,  fr.  in  one  extremity 
« f  the  earth  to  tht  l  be  son  was 

M 


supposed  to  rise  bom  one  of  its  eminences 
and  to  set  on  the  opposite. 

nay  tnsabla,  tut  the  ; 

'.  aini'th    (ut  (or  ercr  »nJ  orcr.  — W.  Bedford, 

YaOttk  (I7MI. 

K&f,  a  fountain,  the  waters  of  which 
confer  Immortality  en  the  drii 

Bora  bia  Spa 

H  ur  drunk  of  K*f"a  dark  fountain,  and  he  come* 
Strung  in  bU  bnmofl 

Houthry.  Roderick.  •*:..  m   H-iU 

Kail,  a  prince  of  Ad.  ca  to 

pray   t"r    rain.     Three   clouds    ap; 
a  white  ■   ■    I  one,  and  a  black  one, 

and  Kail  was  bidden  to  make 
He  chose  the  last,  bat  when  the  ■ 
burst,  instead  of  rain  it  cast  out  lightning, 
which  killed  him. — Sale,  At  A'vnin,  vn. 
note. 

Kail'yal  (2  syl.).  the  lovely  and  holy 
daughter    of    I.adur'lad,    per 
lentTessly  by  Ar'valan;  but  virtue  and 
chastity,  in  "the  person  of  Kailyal,  always 
triumphed    over    sin    and     1 
Arvalan    "in    the    tlesh "    attempl 
dishonour  Kailyal,  he  was  slain  by  Iji- 
diirlad;  but  he  then  continued  his  al 
" ont  of  the  flesh."    Thus,  when  Kailyal 
was  taken  to  the  Bov  i  i  by  a 

benevolent  spirit,  Arvalan  borrowed  the 
dragon-car  of   tht 

to  drag  him  thence ;  the  drs 
however,  unable  to  mount  l 
landed  him  in  s  region  of  thick-ribbed 
ice.    Again,    Kailyal,   being 

3uit  the  Bower,  was  made  the  bn 
Bga-nant,   and    when   Arvalan   j»r- 

himself  before  hi  r  again,  she  set  fire 
to  the  pagoda,  and  was  carried  fr..in  the 
Barnes  by  her  father,  who  wai 

from  lire  as  well  BS  water.  Lastly,  while 
waiting  for  her  father's  return  from  tht. 

submerged   city,   whither  he    had 

to  release    I'.reen'i  i  ones 

more  appeared,  bol 

the  governor  of  hell,  and  cast  into  th« 

bottomless  pit.    Ha 

Kailyal  quaffed  tl 

and  was   taken    by   I  -r.  ■  nia   to    bi«    I 

of  Bliss,  to  dwell  with  him  for  ever  in 

. 

Kaimr-K    2 

rtntict  (tin.  .  i.  i. 

rtnooi 
ted  by  the  saltan 

Alll't. : 

■jl.)  dilgoii 


KALEMBERG. 


506 


KATMIR. 


a  page,  in  the  service  of  I^ara.  After 
Lara  is  shot,  she  haunts  the  spot  of  his 
death  as  a  crazed  woman,  and  dies  at 
length  of  a  broken  heart. 

Light  wan  hU  form,  and  darkly  delicate 
That  brow  whereon  hit  native  sun  hail  sate  .  .  . 
And  the  wild  sparkle  of  hit  eye  seemed  caught 
From  high,  and  lightened  witli  electric  thought ; 
Tho'  its  blark  orb  than  long  low  bube*1  fringe 
Had  tempered  with  a  melancholy  tinge. 

Byron,  lara  (1814). 

Kalemberg  ( The  curd  of),  a  recucil 
of  facetiae.  The  escapades  of  a  young 
student  made  a  chaplain  in  the  Austrian 
court.  He  sets  at  defiance  and  torments 
every  one  he  encounters,  and  ends  in 
being  court  fool  to  Otho  the  Gay,  grand- 
son of  Rudolf  of  llapsburg.— German 
Poem  (fifteenth  century). 

Kalyb,  "the  Lady  of  the  Woods," 

who  stole  St.  George  from  his  mine, 
brought  hiin  up  as  her  own  child,  and 
endowed  him  with  gifts.  St.  George 
enclosed  her  in  a  rock,  where  she  WM 
torn  to  pieces  by  spirits. — ,Io!ms<in. 
Champions  of  Christendom,  i.  (1617). 

Ka'ma,  the  Hundu  god  of  love,  lie 
rides  on  a  sparrow,  the  symbol  of  lust ; 
holds  in  his  hand  a  bow  of  sugar-cane 
strung  with  bees  ;  and  has  five  arrows, 
one  for  each  of  the  five  senses. 

KarfAn,  son  of  Yeshar  or  Izhar,  uncle 
of  Moses,  the  in-. st  beautiful  and  wealthy 
of  all  the  Israelites. 

Riches  of  Karun,  an  Arabic  and  Jewish 
proverb.  The  Jews  say  that  Karun  had 
a  large  palace,  the  doors  of  which  were  of 
solid  gold. — Sale's  Koran,  xxviii. 

*„*  This  Karun  is  the  Korah  of  the 
pentatcuch. 

Kashan  (Scorpions  of).  Kashan,  in 
Peraia,  is  noted  for  its  scorpions,  which 
are  both  large  and  venomous.  A  common 
curse  in  Persia  is,  May  you  be  stung  by  a 
scorpion  of  Kashan  1 

Kate  [Plowdkn],  niece  of  colonel 
Howard  of  New  York,  in  love  with 
lieutenant  Barnstable  of  the  British 
navy,  but  promised  by  the  colonel  in 
marriage  to  captain  Boroughcliff,  a 
Vulgar,  conceited  Yankee.  Ultimately, 
it  is  discovered  that  Barnstable  is  the 
colonel's  son,  and  the  marriage  is 
arranged  amicably  between  Barnstable 
and  Kate.— E.  Fitzhall,   The  Pilot, 

Kathari'na,  the  elder  daughter  of 
Baptists  of  Padua.  She  was  of  such  an 
ungovernable  spirit  and  fiery  temper, 
'.hat  bhe  was  nicknamed"  The  Shrew."  As 


it  was  very  unlikely  any  gentleman  would 
select  such  a  spitfire  for  his  wife,  Baptist* 
made  a  vow  that  his  younger  daughter 
Bianca  should  not  be  allowed  to  marry 
before  her  sister.  Petruchio  married 
Katharina  and  tamed  her  into  a  most 
submissive  wife,  insomuch  that  when 
she  visited  her  father  a  bet  was  made  by 
Petruchio  and  two  other  bridegrooms  on 
their  three  brides.  First  Lucentio  sent  a 
servant  to  Bianca  to  desire  her  to  come 
into  the  room  ;  but  Bianca  sent  word  fiat 
she  was  busy,  llortcnsio  next  sent  the 
servant  "  to  entreat  "  his  bride  to  come  to 
him  ;  but  she  replied  that  Hortensio  had 
better  come  to  her  if  he  wanted  her. 
Petruchio  said  to  the  servant,  "  Tell  your 
mistress  I  command  her  to  come  to  me 
at  once  ;  "  she  came  at  once,  and  Petru- 
chio won  the  bet. — Shakespeare,  Taming 
of  the  Shrew  (1594). 

Katharine  a  lady  in  attendance  on 
the  princess  of  France.  Dumain,  a  young 
lord  in  the  suite  of  Ferdinand  king  of 
Navarre,  asks  her  hand  in  marriage,  aud 
she  replies : 

A  twelvemonth  and  a  day 
I'll  mark  no  words  that  smooth-faced  wooers  say. 
«'.  .mo  then  .  .  . 
And  If  I  have  much  lore.  111  give  you  some. 

Shakespeare,  Aom'j  Uibour't  Lo$t  (1594). 

Katharine  (Queen),  the  divorced  wife 
of  Henry  VI II. — Shakespeare,  Henry 
VIII.  (1601). 

The  following  actresses  are  celebrated 
for  their  impersonations  of  this  character: 
—Mrs.  Pritchard  (1711-17G8)  ;  Margaret 
[Peg]  Wellington  (1718-1760);  Mrs. 
Siddons  (1755-1831)  ;  Mrs.  Barley  (1785- 
1850). 

Katherine  de  Medici  of  China, 
Voo-chee,  widow  of  king  Tae-tsong. 
She  was  most  imperious  and  cruel,  but 
her  energy  waa  irresistible  (684-705). 

Katin'ka,  a  Georgian,  "white  and 
red,  with  great  blue  eyes,  a  lovely  hand 
and  arm,  and  feet  so  small  they  scarce 
seemed  made  to  tread,  but  rather  skim 
the  earth."  She  was  one  of  the  threo 
beauties  of  the  harem,  into  which  don 
Juan  was  admitted  in  female  disguise. 
The  other  two  were  Lnlah  and  1  Hidii. — 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  40,  41  (1824). 

Katmir',  the  dog  of  the  seven 
sleepers.  It  spoke  with  a  human  voice, 
and  said  to  the  young  men  who  wanted 
to  drive  it  out  of  the  cave,  "  I  love  those 
who  love  God.  Go  to  sleep,  masters,  and 
I  will  keep  guard."  The  dog  kept  gnard 
over   them    for   MO   years,    and    neither 


KAY.  607 


slept  nor  ate.  At  death  it  was  taken  up 
into  paradise. — Sale,  At  Koran,  xviii. 
notes. 

%*  Katmir,  in  the  Oriental  Talcs,  is 
called  "  (Jatnier." 

■  pherd  had  a  little  dog  named  C«tnler  \lUl  tli.it 
followed  them.     They  threw  a  .stone  at  him   to  drlTO  bim 

•  rtonc  broke  his  left  log,  hut  tin'  dog  mill  fol- 
lowed them,  limping.  Tbq  then  threw  another  stone  at 
the  dog.  nnd  broke  his  right  fore  leg.  It  now  followed 
than  tin  iu  two  hind  legs,  nnd  a  third  stone  having 
broken  on  of  these,  the  poor  creature  could  no  longer 
stand.  God  now  gave  It  the  gift  of  speech.  .  .  .  at  whirh 
o  ittonlihad  that  tin-y  earned  it  with  them  by 
i  I  ointe  da  Cnvlus.  Oriental  Tales  ("  Dakunos  and 

Ihe  Seven  Sleepers,"  1743). 

He  wouldn't  give  a  bone  to  A'atmir,  or 
He  wouldn't  throw  a  bone  to  the  dog  of  the 
mm  sleepers,  an  Arabic  proverb,  applied 
to  a  very  niggardly  man. 

Kay  (Sir),  son  of  sir  Ector,  and  foster- 
brother  of  prince  Arthur,  who  made  him 
his  seneschal  or  steward.  Sir  Kay  was 
ill-tempered,  mean-spirited,  boastful,  and 
overbearing.  He  had  not  strength  of 
mind  enough  to  be  a  villain  like  Bagen, 
nor  strength  of  passion  enough  to  be  a 
traitor  like  Ganelon  and  Mordrcd  ;  but  he 
could  detract  and  calumniate,  could  be 
envious  and  spiteful,  could  annoy  and 
irritate.  His  wit  consisted  in  giving 
nicknames  :  Thus  he  called  young  Gareth 
"  Hig  Hands  "  (Beaumains),  "  becansehis 
hands  were  the  largest  that  ever  any  one 
had  seen."  He  called  sir  Brewnor  "The 
Shocking  Bad  ( !oat "  ( Ln  ( bte  Male-tailtf), 
because  his  doublet  fitted  him  so  badly, 
and  was  full  of  sword-cuts. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  3,  4, 
120,  etc.  (1470).     (See  Kky.) 

Kayward,  the  name-  of  the  hare  in 
the  beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Koblah,  the  point  towards  which 
Mohammedans  turn  their  faces  in  prayer. 

Kecksoy,  a  wheezy  old  wittol,  who 

da  tn  like  a  termagant  wife  who 

can  tlirt  with  other  men — ugh,  agh  ! — he 

lnves  high  spirits — Ugh,  ugh  ! — and 

his  wife — ugh,  agh ! — happy  and  Bcamper- 
»ng  about — agh,  agh!— to  theatres  and 
ugh,  ngh  !  he  likes  to  heat  her 
agh,  ugh  ! — and  enjoy  herself — 
ngh,  ugh  1  Ohl  this  troublesome  cough  I 
— ngh,  ugh  ! — Garrick,  Tlw  Irish  I 
(1767). 

KeMerli,  the  St.  George  of  rVfoham« 
medan  mythology.  Like  St.  George,  he 
•lew  a  monstrous  dragon  to  save  a  damsel 

■  l  to  its  fur\ ,  and,  having  drunk  of 
the  water  of  life,  rode  through  the  world 

tO  aid  thoac  who  ivirr  oi  pre  Bed. 


KENGB. 

Kcelavino  (Mr.),  painter  at  the  Spa 
hotel.— Sir  W.  Scott,  8t,  Rcmm't    Well 

(time,  George  III.). 

Keene  (Atel),  a  village  school:: 
afterwards  a  merchant's  clerk. 

astray,    he     lost    his    place    and     I 

himself. — Crabbe,  Borough,  xxi.  (! 

Keepers,  of  Piers  Plowman's  v 
the  Malvern  Hills.     Tiers    P 
or  R.   Langland,  18621  sup;  ' 

fallen  asleep  "it  the  Malvern  Hills,  and 
in  his  dream  he  sees  various  visions  of 
an  allegorical  character  pass  before  him. 
These  "visions"  he  put  into 
whole  containing  15,000  vetse-.,  dividi  d 
into  twenty  parts,  each  part  being  called 
a  passus  or  separate  vision. 

Keepers  of  Tiers  Plowman's  rkion,  thro'  the  sunshine  and 
the  snow. 

Mrs.  Browning.  Th*  Latt  /tower. 

Koha'ma,  the    almighty    rajah    of 

earth,     and     all-powerful    in    Swerga    or 
heaven.      After  a  long   tyranny,  he    went 
to    Pan'dalon    (hell)   to   claim   domination 
there  also.     Kehama  demanded  why  the 
throne  of  Vamen  (or  I'luto)  was  BU] 
by  only  three  pers  ras,  and  w  is  I  ild  that 
he  himself  must  be  the  fourth.      II 
no  heed  to  this  prophecy,  but  comn 
the  amreeta-cup  or  draught  of  immortality 
to  I"'  brought  to  him,  that  he  mighl 
it  and  reign  for  ever.      Now  there  are  tWO 
immortalities:    the  immortality  of  life  for 
the  good,  and    the  immortality    of   death 

for  the  wicked.    When   Kehama  drank 

the   amreeta,  he   drank    immortal    d 
and   was  forced  to   bend  his  proud  neck 
b  the  throne  of   Yamen,  to  ! 

the  fourth  supporter. — Southey,  Ourrn  oj 
Kehama  (1809). 
*+*  Ladurlad  was  the  person  buI 

to  the    "curse   of   Kehama,"    and    under 

that  name  the  story  will  be  f  >tmd. 
Kela,  now  railed  Calabar. 

Sailing  with  a  fair  wind,  we  rrsrhe.1  Krla  h  \ 

and  Lei.h-1  It.  r.-  u ,-  found  ■ 
canes,  and  aKOaUent  camphor. - 
bad."  fourth  t. 

Keltic  (Old),  Innkeeper  at  Kit- 
Sir  W.  A 
beth). 

Kempfer-Hanaen,  Robert  i 
Gillies,  one  of  the  speakers  in  the  "  N 
AmbrosiaruB." —  I 

Kendall,    an    Arabian     tribe,   which 
used  to  bury  alive  their  female  children 

as   BOOS   as   they   were    bom.      The  A'cr.jn 
refan  to  them  in  ch.  vi. 

.),  Of  the  linn  of    Iver.ge 


KKNELM.  508 


end  Carboy,     Lincoln's     Inn,    fjenerally 
called    "Conversation  loving 

ftbOTC  all  things  to  hear  "  tlie  dulcet 
tones  of  his  own  voice."  The  firm  is 
Mr.  Jarndyce  in 
tlie  gnat  Chancery  suit  of  ".Urn 
J arndyce." — C.  bickens,  Bleak  JIuuxe 
(1858). 

Kenelm   [9k,)    was    inniiVaeil     at 
Clente-iD-Cowbage,   near  Winchelcamb, 
in  Gloucestershire  ;  bat  the  mardei 
miraculously  notified  at  Borne  by  ■  white 

dove,"  which  alighted  on  the  allar  of    St. 

'  ring  in  its  beak  ■  scroll  with 

rds : 

Bl  row-p:ntur«,  ucjcx  a  (hom. 
Of  head  bereft.  Ilea  Km 
Itogrr  .!••  Wc.xlover,  Chnnictet  ('1  ■•>!  1.TC). 

Konilworth,   a    novel   by   sir    \V. 
This  is  very  raperiot  t" 

I     it    rumen    next    to    /'  tnhoe,    and 

the   portrait  of  qt 

like  and   correct.     T! 

i«  given  in  Th*  A  ■  ore!  is  full 

of  courtly  gaietiei  and  splendour,  bat 

oontaini  the  unhappy  ta  mtiful 

j\<\  •   1 : .  ■  t  -  - :  i  rt .  which  cannot  fail  t.  • 

our  sympathy  and  pity. 

Kcnna,  daaghtex  of    ku 
who  fell  in  1<>\«-  with  Albion  con  of  the 
Island  kin;;.     <  rberon 
from  bis  empire,  and  when  Albion  made 
war    or.     the    fairy   kin,:,    he    wai    slain. 

Kenna  then   ponied   the  juice  of  maly 
ovei  him,  and  the  dead  body  wai 
verted   int<>  a  mowdrop.    Accoi 
this  f i  ii  Gardens 

corruption    of     Kenna's-town-garden. — 
Ticket!,  A',  n 

Kennnhtwhar("  I 
the    capital    of    NoinanVland,   I'l"  north 
hit.   |  - 

A  clir-mlclrr  of  KrnnAhtwhar  of  literary  myiltry, 
TK*  Contfurtt  o '  ■ 

TKt  V"*»«  ("  Double  Arr>»Iu 

%•  This  chronicler  was  "Fray  Antonio 
Agapida,"  the  hypothetical  author 

iti^'ton 
[rring. 

Kenna-quhair    (Scotch,    "  / 

"i,  an  hypothetical  locality. 


Kennedy  (Frank),  an  excise  officer, 
who  show-.  Mr.  < i.  Godfrey  Bertram  the 
laird    of    RUangowan    (magistral 

S  war  sloop. 

Th  •  mi.u    rlers  afterward*  mnrdei  him. 


UENT. 

— Sir  W.   Scott,    Guy  Afanncrinj   (time, 

Qeoxge  II.). 

Kenneth  (Sir),  "Knight  of  th» 
Leopard,"  a  disguise  assumed  by  I)avid 
earl   of    Huntingdon,    prince    royal    of 

hansosi 

(time,  Richard  I.). 

Konrick     (Fslix),    the    old    foster- 
father   of    Carol;  His    wife 
Judith    was    her     nurse.       Kenrick,    an 
Irishman,  clings  to  ) 
her  n                              - 

ittached,  dii  .  and  faithful 

old    servant. — G.  Colman,    Tftc   11 
■ 

Kensington,  according  to  TickelTl 
fable,  from  the  fairy  I. 

daugnti 

Ubion  was  stolen  by  Milkah, 

.,  bt  fell  iii  loi 

at  this 
.  that  he  drove  Albion  I 

.    and    cm  na    to 

cl,    a    fairy    from     Holland 

l'ark.     Albion  laid  his  complaint  before 

io    sent    <  Iriel    with    ■ 
army    a^'ar  In    this    battle 

AlblOO     was     slain,     and     Neptu:  i 

whole 
••    fairies, 

as  to  the  hills  and 
the   caves  and    mines.      Kenna 

■  I    the    herb    m> 

:   Albion,  and  the  unhappy  prince 
■  a    snowdrop. — 

. 

Kent.    A  it  is  so 

called    from    Can'ute,    one    of    the    0OBB- 

1  rojan    Wf 
who,    according    to     Geoffrey's 

Land,  and  bonded 
a  dynasty  of  kings.    Canute   bad 
part  of  the  L  to  bia  which 

died    Qanutium,    contracted    into 
Can'tium,  and  again  into  Cant  or  Kent. 

But  Canute  had  lib  |-.rr  I <>n  from  the  rert. 
Tie  wliicli  he  rail.  J  CaiiuUum.  f..r  hl>  him. 
M    •  Caiittuni.  which  Kent  n  oamii<  ,     — 

Spatucr.  /u«r»  ywm,  II.  I.  12  (UwO) 

Kent  (Karl  of),  under  the  assumed 
name  ol  ■  nded  upon  the  old  king 

when    his    two   elder  daughtl 
B    him    with    nil 
He  afterwanls  took  him  to  D 
When  the  old  kin;,'  was  dying,  he  could 
not  be  made  to  understand  now  Cams  and 
Kent  could  be  the  anas  |t-isou. — Shake- 
speare, Km  J  Liar  (IGOJ). 


KENT. 


609 


KEYS  OF  KNOWLEDGE. 


Keid  (Tlie  Fair  Maid  of),  Joan,  only 
daughter  of  Edmund  Plantagenet  carl  of 
Kent.  She  married  thru  e  :  (1)  William 
de  Montacute  earl  of  Salisbury,  from 
whom  she  was  divorced  ;  (2)  sir  Thomas 
Holland ;  and  (3)  her  second  cousin, 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  by  whom  she 
became  the  mother  of  Richard  II. 

KenwigS  (Mr.),  a  turner  in  ivory, 
and  "a  monstrous  genteel  man."  He 
toadies  Mr.  Lillyvick,  his  wife's  uncle, 
from  whom  he  has  "expectations." 

Mrs.  Kenwigs,  wife  of  the  above,  con- 
sidered "  quite  a  lady,"  as  she  has  an 
uncle  who  collects  the  water-rates,  and 
sends  her  daughter  Moleena  to  a  day 
school. 

The  Misses  Kenwigs,  pupils  of  Nicholas 
Nickleby,  remarkable  for  wearing  their 
hair  in  long  braided  tails  down  their 
backs,  the  ends  being  tied  with  bright 
ribbons.— C.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby 
(1838). 

Kera  Khan,  a  gallant  and  generous 
Tartar  chief  in  a  war  between  the  Poles 
and  the  Tartars.— J.  P.  Kemble,  Lodoiska 
(a  melodrame). 

Kerns,  light-armed  Irish  foot-soldiers. 
The  word  (Kighcyren)  means  "a  hell 
shower ; "  so  called  because  they  were  hell- 
rakes  or  the  "  devil's  black-guard."  (See 
Gallowglassks.)— Stanihurst,  Descrip- 
tion of  Ireland,  viii.  28. 

Kesche'tiouch,  the  shepherd  who 
joined  the  six  Greek  slaves  of  Ephesus, 
and  was  one  of  the  "  seven  sleepers." 

Keschetiouch's  Dog,  Catnier,  called  by 
Sale,  in  his  notes  to  the  Kordn,  "  K.vt- 
mir." — Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales 
("History  of  Dakianos,"  1748). 

Kes'teven.  Lincolnshire  is  divided 
into  Lindsey,  the  highest  lands;  Kesteven, 
the  heaths  (west) ;  and  Holland,  the  fens. 

Quoth  Keeteven  .  .  .  how  I  hat» 
Thua  of  her  foggy  fens  to  hear  rude  Holland  prate  1 
Drayton,  Poli/ulbion,  xxv.  (1839). 

Kettle  of  Pish  (A  Pretty),  a  pretty 
muddle,  a  bad  job.  A  corruption  of 
Kiddle  of  fish.  A  kiddle  is  a  basket  set 
in  the  opening  of  a  wear  for  catching  fish. 
(French,  ijuuleau.) 

Kettle-drum,  a  corruption  of  Kiddle- 
Arum,  a  drum  in  the  shape  of  a  kiddle  or 
basket  employed  for  catching  fish.  (See 
above.) 

Kettledruinmle  (Gabriel),  a  cove- 
nanter preacher.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charle3  II.). 


Keuser,  one  of  the  rivers  of  Ma- 
homet's paradise,  the  waters  whereof  are 
sweeter  than  new  milk. 

He  who  has  seen  the  garden  of  thy  beauty,  0  adorable 
princess,  would  not  change  his  ravishment  for  a  draught 
of  the  water  of  Keuser.— Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Talm 
("The  Basket."  1743). 

Kevin  (St.),  a  young  man  who  went 
to  live  on  a  solitary  rock  at  Glendalough, 
in  Wicklow.  This  he  did  to  flee  from 
Kath'leen,  who  loved  him,  and  whose  eyes 
he  feared  his  heart  would  not  be  able  to 
resist.  Kathleen  tracked  him,  and 
while  he  slept  "bent  over  him;"  butj 
starting  from  his  sleep,  the  "  holy  man 
cast  the  girl  from  the  rock  into  the  sea, 
which  her  ghost  haunted  amidst  the 
sounds  of  sweet  music— T.  Moore,  Irish 
Melodies,  W.("  By  that  Lake.  .  ."1814). 

Key  (Sir),  son  of  sir  Ector  the 
foster-father  of  prince  Arthur.  He  was 
Arthur's  seneschal,  and  is  represented  as 
rude  and  boastful.  Sir  Gaw'ain  is  the 
type  of  courtesy,  sir  Launcelot  of  chivalry, 
sir  Mordred  of  treachery,  sir  Galahad  of 
chastity,  sir  Mark  of  cowardice.  (See 
Kay.) 

Key  and  Bible,  used  for  the  detec- 
tion of  thieves.  A  key  is  placed  over  an 
open  Bible  at  the  words,  "Whither  thou 
goest,  I  will  go"  (Ruth  i.  16)  ;  and,  the 
fingers  of  the  person  being  held  so  as  to 
form  a  cross,  the  text  is  repeated.  The 
names  of  suspected  persons  are  then  pro- 
nounced in  succession,  and  when  the  name 
of  the  thief  is  uttered,  the  key  jumps  and 
dances  about.  An  instance  of  this  method 
of  thief-finding  was  brought  before  the 
magistrates  at  the  borough  petty  sessions 
at  Ludlow,  in  January,  187y. 

A  married  woman,  named  Mary  Arm  Collier,  wai 
charged  with  using  abusive  and  Insulting  language  to  her 
neighbour,  Eliza  Oliver ;  and  the  complainant,  in  her 
statement  to  the  magistrates,  said  that  mi  December  V 
she  was  engaged  in  carrying  water,  when  Mrs.  filler 
stopped  her.  and  stated  that  another  neighbour  had  had 
a  sheet  stolen,  and  had  "turned  the  key  on  the  1  m.o 
near  several  non  as;  that  when  it  came  to  ner(OllTertJ 
house,  the  key  moved  ol  Itself,  and  thai  when  com- 
i.lainant's  name  was  mentioned  the  key  and  the  I --'Ic 
turned  completely  round,  and  fell  out  of  their  hands. 
site  also  stated  that  the  owner  of  the  sheet  then  Inquired 
from  the  kej  and  the  Book  whetto  r  the  theft  was  com- 
m. tied  at  dark  or  daylight,  and  the  replj  was  '  ds 

,i   then  called  complainant  "A  d.y.igiit 

thief,"  and  charged  her  with  dealing  Uie  neat— Jfmt»- 
pa/w  ;«rnyrn;'/i  (January.  1879). 

Key  of  Russia,  Smolensk,  on  the 
Dnieper.  Famous  for  its  resistance  to 
Napoleon  I.  in  1812. 

Key  of  the  Mediterranean,  the 
fortress  of  Gibraltar,  which  commands 
the  entrance  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Keys  of  Knowledge.    Five  things 


KEYNE. 


>10 


KILDARE. 


sre  known  to  God  alone :  (1)  The  time  erf 
the  day  of  judgment;  (2)  the  time  of 
rain  ;  (3)  the  Bex  of  an  animal  before 
birth  ;  (4)  what  will  happen  on  the 
morrow  ;  (5)  where  any  one  will  die. 
These  the  Arabs  call  tlte  five  keys  of  secret 
knowled-ie. — Sale,  Al  Koran,  xxxi.  note. 
%*  The  five  senses  are  called  "  The 
five  doors  of  knowledge." 

Keyne  [Keen]  or  St.  Kkyna,  daughter 
of  Braga'nus  prince  of  Garthuiatrin  or 
Brecon,  called  "  Keyna  the  Virgin." 
Her  sister  Melaria  was  the  mother  Ox  St. 
David.  Many  nobles  sought  her  in 
marriage,  but  she  refused  them  all,  being 
resolved  to  live  and  die  a  virgin.  She 
retired  to  a  spot  near  the  Severn,  which 
abounded  with  serpents,  but  at  her  ; 
they  were  all  turned  into  Ammonites, 
and  "abide  to  this  day."  Subsequently 
she  removed  to  Mount  St.  Michael,  and 
by  iter  prayer  a  spring  of  bailing 
burst  out  of  the  earth,  and  whoever 
drinks  first  of  this  water  after  marriage 
will  become  the  dominant  house-power. 
"Now,"  says  Southey,  "a  Cornishnian 
took  his  bride  to  church,  and  the  moment 
the  ring  was  on  ran  up  the  mount  to 
drink  of  the  mystic  water.  Down  he 
came  in  full  glee  to  tell  hie  bride;  but  the 
bride  said,  '  My  good  man,  I  brought  a 
bottle  of  the  water  to  church  with  me, 
and  drank  of  it  before  you  started.'" — 
Southey,  The  Wet  I  of  SL  Keyne  (1798). 

Khadijah,  daughter  of  Khowailed  ; 

Mahomet's  first  wife,  and  one  of  the  four 
perfect  women.  The  other  three  are 
Kutinia,  the  prophet's  daughter  ;  Mary, 
daughter  of  Imran  ;  and  Asia,  w 
the  l'haraoh  who  was  drowned  in  the  Red 
Sea. 

Khawla,  one  of  the  sorceresses  in 
the  caves  of  Dom-Paniel,  "  under  the 
roots  of  the  ocean."  She  is  called  "the 
woman-fiend,"  "  fiercest  of  the  enchanter 
brood. "  She  had  heard  that  one  of  the 
race  of  Hodei'rafa  (:(  syl.)  would  be  their 
destruction,  so  Okba  was  sent  forth  to 
cut  off  the  whole  race.  He  succeeded  in 
killing  eight,  but  one  named  Thal'aba 
escaped.  Abdaldar  was  chosen  to  hunt 
him  up  and  kill  him.  He  found  the  boy 
in  an  Arab's  tent,  and  raised  the  dagger, 
but  ere  the  blow  fell,  the  murderer  him- 
self was  killed  bv  the  death-angel. — 
Southey,  77,  ,,-r  (1797). 

Khid'ir  or  ChiddBR,  the  tutelary  god 
of  voyagers;  his  brother  Eliaa  is  the  tute- 
lary god  of  travellers.     The  two  brothers 


meet  once  a  year  at  Mina,  near  Mecca. — 
afiouradgea  d  Ohsson.  History  of  the  Otto- 
man Empire  (1821). 

Khorassan  ( The  Veiled  Prophet  of), 
Mokanna,  a  prophet-chief,  who  wore  n 
veil  under  pretence  of  shading  tlio 
dazzling  light  of  his  countenance.  Iho 
truth  is,  he  had  lost  an  eye,  and  his  face 
was  otherwise  disfigured  in  battle.  Mo- 
kanna assumed  to  be  a  god,  and  main- 
tained that  he  had  been  Adam,  Nosh, 
and  other  representative  men.  When  the 
sultan  Mahadi  environed  him  so  that 
escape  was  impossible,  the  prophet  poi- 
soned all  his  followers  at  a  banquet,  and 
then  threw  himself  into  a  burning  acid, 
which  wholly  consumed  his  bodv. — T. 
LaUa  Kookh  ("  The  Veiled 
I'ruphet,  etc.,"  1817). 

Kidney.  A  man  of  another  kul>wit, 
a  man  of   a  ditTerent  sort  of   char 

■  reeks,  Romans,  Jews,  etc.,  sup- 
posed the  kidneys  to  be  the  seat  of  tie 
atTections,  and  therefore  to  determine  the 
character. 

Kifri,   a    giant    and    enchanter,    the 

impersonation  of  atheism  and  blasphemy. 

rightful  blasphemies,  he  hurls 

into  the  air  a  huge  rook,  which  falls  on 

himself  and  kills  him,  "for  self-murderers 

oerally  infidels  or  atheists. "—Sir 

■  II  [.f.  Ridley],  Tain  of  the  Ucnii 

("  The  Enchanter's  'lale,"  vi.,  1751) 

Kil,  in  the  names  of  places,  means  a 
"cell,  cloister,  or  chapel." 

Kilbarchan     (Scotland),     Kit-bar 
the  kill  <>n  the  hill-top. 

Kilcnn  (Ireland),  the  little  kil. 

Kildare  is  KU-dara,  the  "kil  of  the 
oak."  St.  Bridget  built  her  first  cell 
under  a  large  oak. 

Kilham  (Yorkshire),  the  chapel  close. 

Kilkenny,  the  kill  or  cloister  of  St. 
Kenny  or  (  anice. 

Kilniore  (Ireland),  the  big  kil. 

Kilsyth  (Ireland),  the  great  kil 
("  sythe,"  great). 

Icolmkill    (Scotland),  is    I-columb-kil, 
i.e.  the   "island  of   St.   Columb's   cell." 
The  Culdee    institutions   of  St.    Columb 
were  established  in  568,  for  the  purj 
converting  the  I'icls  t<>  Christianity. 

Kildare  (2  syl.),  famous  for  the  fire 
of  St.  Bridget,  which  was  never  allowed 
to  go  out.  St.  Bridget  returns  srery 
twentieth  year  to  tend  to  the  fire  herse'f. 
Part  of  the  chapel  of  St.  Bridget  st'll 
remains,  and  is  called  "The  Fire-house  '' 


KILDERKIN. 


511 


KING. 


Like  the  brlcht  lamp  that  shone  In  Kildarc'a  holy  fano. 
And  burned  through  lonft  ages  of  darkiie*-  and  y'onn. 

T.  Moore.  Iriili  Melodiet,  ill.  ("Erin.  O  Erin  I  "  1314). 
Apud  Kildariam  occurrit  Ignis  Snnctrc   Brurldm  quern 

Inextinguehileiu  vacant. — Giraldus  Cunbrenils,  Blbrrnta, 

11.  M<11S7). 

Kilderkin  {Ned),  keeper  of  an 
eating-house  at  Greenwich.  —  Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Kilian  {St.),  an  Irish  missionary  who 
Buffered  martyrdom  at  Wiir/.hurg,  in  689. 
A  cathedral  was  erected  to  his  memory  in 
the  eighth  century. 

Kilian  of  Kersberg,  the  'squire  of 
sir  Archibald  von  Hagenbach. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Anne  of  Geicrstein  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Killed  by  Kindness.  It  is  said 
that  the  ape  not  unfrequently  strangles 
its  young  ones  by  hugging  them  too  hard. 

The  Athenians,  wishing  to  show  honour 
to  Draco  the  law-giver,  showered  on  him 
their  caps  and  cloaks,  and  he  was 
smothered  to  death  by  the  pile  thus 
heaped  upon  him. 

Killing  no  Murder.  Carpcntier 
dc  Marignv,  the  enemy  of  Mazarin, 
issued,  in  1(>58,  a  tract  entitled  Tver  un 
Tt/ran  n'est  par  un  Crime. 

Sexby  wrote  a  tract,  entitled  Killing  no 
Murder,  generally  thought  to  have  been 
the  production  of  William  Allan,  '.('he 
object  of  the  book  was  to  show  that  it 
would  be  no  crime  to  murder  Cromwell. 

Kilmansegg  {Miss),  an  heiress  with 
great  expectations,  and  an  artificial  leg 
of  solid  gold. — Thomas  Hood,  A  Golden 
Legend  (1828). 

King,  a  title  of  sovereignty  or 
honour  At  one  time,  crown  tenants  were 
called  kings  or  dukes,  at  the  option  of  the 
sovereign ;  thus,  Frederick  liarbarossj 
made  one  of  his  brothers  a  king-vassal, 
and  another  a  duke-vassal,  simply  by  the 
investiture  of  a  sword.  In  English  his- 
tory, the  lord  of  Man  was  style. 1  "  kin;; ;  " 
so  was  the  lord  of  the  Isle  of  Wight]  and 
the  lord  of  Connaught,  as  clearly  appears 
in  the  grants  of  John  and  Henry  111. 
Several  examples  might  be  quoted  of 
earls  conferring  the  title  of"  king  "on  their 
vassals. — See  Selden's  Titles  of  Honour, 
iii.  (1614). 

King  {Like  a).  When  Poms,  the 
Indian  prince,  was  taken  prisoner,  Alex- 
ander asked  him  how  he  expected  to  be 
treated.  "  Like  a  kin^,"  lie  replied  ;  and 
Alexander  made  him  hm  friend. 

King  {Tlu;  Factory),  Richard  Oaatler 


of  Bradford,  the  successful  advocate  oi 
the  "Ten  Hours  Bill"  (178D-18U1). 

King  {The  BaUway),  George  Hudson; 
so  called  by  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith 
(1800-1871). 

King  {The  Red)  tho  king  of  Persia, 
so  called  from  his  rod  turban. 

Credo  ut  Persam  nunc  propter  rabM  tegument*  rsplUi 
Rubeum  Cuj'iit  vocant,  Ita  rvges  Moscorue.  propter  alt* 
teguments  Albot  Zeyet  apiiellari.— Siguouund. 

Kiwj  {The  Snow),  Gustavus  Adolphui 
of  Sweden,  killed  in  the  "  Thirty  Yearn' 
War"  at  the  battle  of  Liitzen,  1G32. 

At  Vienna  he  *  j  called  "The  Snow  King  "In  detlslon. 
Like  a  snowball,  ..c  was  kept  together  by  the  cold 
he  approached  a  wanner  loU  ho  melted  away  ami  di  .ap- 
peared.—Dr.  Crichton,  Scandinavia,  U.  61  US38). 

%*  Sweden  and  Norway  are  each 
called  "  The  Snow  Kingdom." 

Let  no  vessel  of  the  kingdom  of  snowif.Voruvjj/).  bound 
on  the  dark  rolling  waves  of  luistore  [tho  Orkney^ — 
Ossian,  Finytl,  1. 

King  {The  White).  The  ancient  kings 
of  Muscovy  were  so  called  from  the  white 
robe  which  they  used  to  wear.  Solomon 
wore  a  white  robe ;  hence  our  Lord,  speak- 
ing of  the  lilies  of  the  field,  says  that 
"Solomon  in  all  his  glory  waa  not 
arrayed  like  one  of  these  "  {Luke  xii.  27). 

I'rincipem  Moscovia)  Album  fieycin   nuncupatit.  .  .  . 
Credo  nt  I'ersam  nunc  propter  mixta  tegumen 
Rubeum  Caput  vocant,  ita  reget  UoscOTllB,  pi    | 
teguments  Albos  Regm  appellari. — Siguniuud. 

*+*  Another  explanation  may  be  sug- 
gested :  Muscovy  was  called  "White 
Russia,"  as  Poland  was  called  ''  Black 
Russia." 

Kin<j  {Tom),  "the  choice  spirit  of  the 
day  for  a  quiz,  a  hoax,  a  joke,  a  ji^t,  h 
BOng,  a  dance,  a  race,  or  a  row.  A  jolly 
dog,  8  rare  blood,  prime  buck,  rum  soul, 
and  funny  fellow."  He  drives  M.  Mor- 
bleu,   a    French    barber,    living    in  the 

Seven    Dials,    London,   almost   out  of  his 

Benses  by  inquiring  over  .and  ovei 
for  Mr.  Thompson.  —  Bfoncrieff, 
Tonaon. 

(There  is  a  Mon.  TbfUOfl  by  Taylor, 
17G7.) 

King  (surname,1.  ;  '  ',),  Charles 
VIII.  of  France  (1470,  1  183    L498). 

Km  i  (anmamed  the  Amorous),  Philippe 

I.  of  France  (1062,   L060    11 

King   (anmamed    Augu  (us),    Philippe 

II.  Of   Prance.       So  called    because  he  \s:ih 
born  in  AugUSl   (1166.   L180    1 

Sigismund  II.  of  Poland;  born  in  the 
month  of  August  (1620,  L648-1672). 

King  (anmamed  the  Avenger),  Alphonao 


KING. 


612 


KIXG. 


XI.   of  Leon  and   Castile   (1310,    1327- 
1350). 

King  (surnamed  the  Bad),  Charles  II. 
of  Navarre  (1332,  1849-1 

William  I.  of  the  Two  Sicilies 
(*,  1154-1166). 

King  (surnamed  the  Bald),  Charles  I. 
lo  Chauve  of  France  (823,  876-877), 

King  (surnamed  Barbarossa  or  Red 
Board),  Frederick  II.  of  Germany  (1121, 
1152-111)0). 

Kin.)  (surnamed  the  Battler),  Alphonso 

I.  of  Aragon  (»,  1104-1186). 

King  (surnamed  the  Bearded),  Baldwin 
IV.  earl  of  Flanders,  T/ie  Handsome 
Beard  (1160-1186). 

Constantine  IV.,  Pogtmitat,  emperor 
of  Koine  (648,  668-685). 

King  (surnamed  Beauclerk),  Ilcnrv  I. 
of  England  (1068,  1100-1185). 

Kiw]   (surnamed    the    Bellicose),    Henri 

II.  le  Betliqucux  (1619,  1647-1 

King  (surnamed   the  Black),    Heinrich 

III.  of  Germany  (1017,  104G-Io."»i.;. 

Khi']  (surnamed  the  Bold),  Boleslaua 
II.  of  Poland  (1042,  1058-1090). 

King  (surnamed  Bomba),  Ferdinand 
11.  of  the  Two  Sicilies  (1761,  1769-1826). 

Francis  II.  Bumbalinu  (1860). 

King  (surnamed  the  Brave),  Alphonso 
VI.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1030,  1065- 
1109). 

Alphonso  IV.  of  Portugal  (1290,  1324- 
1867). 

King  (surnamed  the  Catholic),  Alphonso 

I.  of  Anurias  (698,  7.i;»-7.r>7). 
Ferdinand  11.  of  Aragon  (1452,   1171- 

1616). 

Isabella  queen  of  Castile  (1450,  1171- 
L6C*). 

King  (surnamed  the  Ceremonious), 
Peter  IV.  of  Aragon  (1317,  1336-1387). 

King  (surnamed  the  Chaste),  Alphonso 

II.  of  Leon,  etc.  (758,  791-842). 

King  (surnamed  the  Confessor),  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor,  of  England  (1004, 
L042-1066). 

King  (surnamed  the  Conqueror),  Alex- 
ander the  Great,  Conqueror  of  the  World 
(B.C.  356,  836-828). 

AlfonBO  of  Portugal  (1094,  1137-1185). 


Aumngzebe  the  Great,  Aleimjir,  thai 
Great  Mogul  (1618,  1659-1707). 

Francisco  Pizarro  Conquistador,  of  Pern 
(1475-1541). 

James  1.  of  Aragon  (1206,  1213-1276). 

Othman  or  Osman  I.  of  Turkey  (1259, 
1299-1826). 

William  I.  of  England  (.1027,  1066- 
1087). 

King  (surnamed  the  Cruel),  Pedro  of 
Castile  (1884,  1860-181 

Pedro  of  Portugal  (1320,  1357-1367). 

Kin]  (surnamed  the  Desired),  Louii 
XV1I1.  of  France  (1766,  1814-1S24). 

King  (surnamed  the  Fair),  Charles  IV. 
(1294,  1822-1828). 

Philippe  IV.  le  Bel,  of  France  (1268, 
1285-13H). 

Kin/  (surnamed  the  Fat),  Alphonso  II. 

rtugal  dl.s."..  1212  1228). 
Charlei  III.  of  France  (882,  884 
Louie   VI.   le   (Iros,   of    France  (1078, 
1108  1187). 
Olaus  11.  of  Norway  (992,  1000-1030). 

King  (surnamed  the  Father  of  Letter?), 
.s  I.  of  France  (1484,  1616-1647). 

■    (surname!     the    Father    of    Hit 
i  .    Louk    XII.    of    France    (lir.J, 

Christian  III.  of  Denmark  (1601, 
1684-1669). 

Kini  (surnamed  the  Fearless),  John 
duke  of  Burgundy,  Bamepewr  (Ki71  -1419). 

Richard  I.,  Santpewr,  duke  of  Nor* 
mandv  986). 

King  (surnamed  the  Fierce),  Alexander 
[.of  Scotland  (*,  1107-llJi). 

King  (surnamed  the  Gallant),  in  Italian 
fi<  <;  .  mtu  ato,  Victor  Emmanuel  of 
Italy  (1820,  1849-1878). 

Kin]  (surnamed  the  Good),  Alphonse 
VIII.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1155,  1158- 
1214). 

John  II.  of  France,  le  Bon  (13'9, 
1350-1364). 

John  III.  drJte  of  Brittany  (1286, 
1312-1311). 

John  V.  duke  of  Brittany  (1389,  1399- 
1442). 

Philippe  III.  le  Bon,  duko  of  Bur- 
gundy (1896,  1419,  1467). 

Bend  titular  king  of  Naples  (1409- 
1462). 

Richard  II.  duke  of  Ntrmandv 
(*,  996-1026). 


KING. 


513 


KING. 


William     II.     of     the    Two     Sicilies 
(*,  1166-1189). 

Amy  (surnamed  the  Great),  Abba3  I. 
of  Persia  (1557,  1585-1628). 

Alexander  of  Macedon  (b.c.  35G,  3 10- 
323). 

Alfred  of  England  (849,  871-901). 

Alphonso  III.  of  Asturias,  etc.   (848, 
8G6-912). 

Alphonso  V.   count   of    Savoy  (1249, 
1285-1323). 

Boleslaua  I.  of  Poland  (*,  992-1025). 

Canute  of  England  (995,  1014-1035). 

Casimir   III.   of    Poland  (1309,    1333- 
137(1). 

Charlemagne  (742,  7G8-814). 

Charles   III.  duke  of  Lorraine  (1543, 
1547-1608). 

Charles   Emmanuel   I.  duke  of  Savoy 
(1562,  1580-1630). 

Constantine  I.  emperor  of  Rome  (272, 
806-337). 

Cosmo  de'  Medici  grand-duke  of  Tus- 
cany (1519,  1537-1574). 

Ferdinand  I.  of  Castile,  etc.  (*,  1034- 
1065). 

Frederick  II.  of  Prussia  (1712,   1740- 
1786). 

Frederick  William  the   Great  Elector 
(1620,  1640-1688). 

Gregory  I.  pope  (544,  590-604). 

Henri  IV.  of  France  (1553,  1589-1610). 

Herod  I.  of  the  Jews  (b.c.  73,  47-4). 

Herod      Agrippa     I.      the      tetrarch 
(*,  *-44). 

Iliao-wen-tee  of  China  (b.c.  206,  179- 
157). 

John    II.    of    Portugal    (1455,    14S1- 
1495). 

Justinian  I.  emperor  of  the  East  (483, 
5-27 -565). 

Khosrou    or    Chosroes    I.    of     Persia 
(*.  5:;  1-579). 

Leo  I.  pope  (390,  440-461). 

Louis   XIV.   of    France   (1638,    1643- 
1715)- 

Ludwig  of  Hungary  (1826,  1842  1881). 

Mahomet  11.  of  Turkey  (1480,  1451- 
1481). 

Sfatteo  Visconti  lord  of  Milan  (1250, 
322). 

Maximilian  duke    of    Bavaria   (1573- 
1661). 

Napoleon    I.   of   France  (1769,    1804- 
lH!t.  died  1821). 

Nicholas  I.  pope  (*,  858-867). 

otto  1.  of  Germany  (912,  :•:;''>  978). 

Pedro    111.    of    Aragon   (1289,    1276- 
1286). 
PeteT  I.  of  Russia  (1672,  1689  17J.'>). 

Saoor  II.  of  Persia  (310,  308  R80) 


Sigismund  I.  of   Poland  (1466,  1506- 

Theoderic  of  the  Ostrogoths  (454, 
17.".  526). 

Theodosius  I.  emperor  (346,  378-395). 

Vladimir  grand-duko  of  Russia 
(*,   973-1014). 

Waldemar  I.  of  Denmark  (1131,  1157- 
1181). 

King  (surnamed  the  Illustrious),  Albert 
V.  emperorof  Austria  (1398,  1  I'M    1  t39). 

Jam-sheid  of  Persia  (b.c.  840-800). 

Kien-long  of  China  (1736-1796). 

Nicomedos  II.,  Epiphanes,  of  Bithvnia 
(*,  149-191). 

Ptolemy  V.,  Epiphanes,  of  Egvpt 
(b.c.  210,  205-181). 

King  (surnamed  the  Infant),  Ludwig 
IV.  of  Germany  (893,  900-911). 

Otto  III.  of  Germany  (980,  983-1002). 

Kin  i  (surnamed  Ironside),  Edmund  II. 
of  England  (989,  1016-1017). 

Frederick  II.   elector  of  Brandenburg 
was    called    "  Iron  Tooth"  (1657, 
1713). 

Nicholas  of  Russia  was  called  "  The 
Iron  Emperor"  (1796,  1826-1852). 

King  (surnamed  the  Just),  Baharum  of 
Persia  (276-296). 

Casimir  II.  of  Poland  (1117,  1177- 
1194). 

Ferdinand  I.  of  Aragon  (1373,  1412- 
1416). 

Ilaroun-al-Raschid  (765,  786-808). 

James  II.  of  Aragon  (1261,  1285- 
1327). 

Khosrou  or  Chosroes  I.  of  Persia 
(*,  5;i  1-579). 

Louis  XIII.  of  France  (1601,  1610- 
1643). 

lVdro  I.  of  Portugal  (1320,  1857- 
1367). 

Kin !     (surnamed    the     Lam     .     A  .-■  U 

3parta  (b.o.  M  ■ 
Albert  II.  of  Austria  (1289, 

duke  of  Austria. 

Charles  II.  of  Naples  ( 1  2  IS,  128  I 

Heinrich    11.  of  Germany  (972, 
1024). 

r  (surnamed  the   Lion),  Alep  Ars- 
rogrnl  Beg, 
the    Perso-Turkiah    monarch    (*,    lot>— 
1072). 

Arioch,   railed    "The   Lion    King    of 
Aasj  in"  (n.0.  1927-1897). 
Damelowiea    prima'    of    Haliea,    who 
I  Lemberg  ("  the  lion  city  *)  in 
L259. 

2  L 


KING. 


Gustavus  Adolphus,  called  "  The  Lion 
of  the  North"  (1594,  1611-1632). 

Heinrich  duke  of  Bavaria  and  Saxony 
(1129-119o). 

Louis  VIII.  of  France  (1187,  1228- 
1226). 

Richard  I.  of  England,  Occur  de  Lion 
(1167,  1189-1199). 

William  of  Scotland  ;  so  called  be- 
cauie  he  chose  for  his  cognizance  a  red 
livr.  rampant  (*,  1105-1214). 

King  (surnamed  the  Little),  Charles 
III.  of  Naples  (1345,  1381-1386). 

King  (surnamed  the  Long-legged),  Ed- 
ward [.,  Longs/ian/is,  of  England  (1269, 
1272-1807). 

Philippe  V.  le  Long,  of  France  (1294, 
1817-1822). 

King  (surnamed  the  Magnanimous), 
Alphonso  V.  of  Aragoo  ami  Naples  (1886, 
1416  1468). 

Khosrou    or  ('hosroes   of   Persia, 
shtruan  (*,  531-579). 

King  (surnamed  the  M  .  Soli- 

man  1.  sultan  (1493,  1520-1560). 

King  (surnamed  the  Martyr),  Charles 
I.  ni  England  (1600,  1625  1649). 

Edward  the  Martyr,  of  Fngland  (9G1, 
975-979). 

Louis  XVI.  of  France  (1754,  1771- 
17'./;;). 

Martin  I.  pope  (*,  649  666). 

King     (surnamed    the   Minion),    Henri 

III.  of  France  (1551,  U 

King  (surnamed  the  Noble),  Alphonso 
VIII.' of  Leon  and  Castile  (1155,  1158- 
1214). 

(  harlee  III.  of  Navarre  (*,  1887-1425). 

Soliman,  called  irkish  prince 

at  Adrianople  (died  1110). 

King  (surnamed  the  Pacific),  Amadena 
VIII.  count  of  Savoy  (1883,  1891-1449). 

Frederick  111.  of  Germany  (1115,  1440- 
1493). 
Ulaus  III.  of  Norway  (*,  1030-1093). 

King    (surnamed    the  Patient),  Albert 

IV.  duke  of  Austria  (1377,  1895-1404). 

King  (surnamed  the  Philosopher),  Fre- 
derick the  Great,  called  "The  Philosopher 
of  SansSouei"  (1712,  1740-1786). 

Leo  VI.  emperor  of  the  East  (866,  886- 
911). 

Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  of  Lome 
(121,  161-180). 

King  (surnamed  the  Pious),  Edward  VI. 
\t  England  (1537,  1517-1553). 


KING. 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1155-1161). 

Ernst  I.  founder  of  the  house  of  Gotha 
(1601-1674). 

Bobext  le  Pieux,  of  France  (971,  996- 
1031). 

King  (surnamed  the  Prodigal),  Albert 

VI.  of  Austria  (1418,  1439-1463). 

Kiwi  (surnamed  the  Hash),  Charles  le 
Temeraire,oi  Burgundy  (1433, 1467-1477), 
duke. 

Kin>;  (surnamed    the   Red),    Amadeus 

VII.  count  of  Savov  (I860,   L888   1891). 

( >tt<>  II.  of  Germany  (955,  973-9H3). 
William  II.,  liujus,  of  England  (1057, 
1087-1100). 

Kiwi  (surnamed  lied  Beard),  Frederick 
I.  kaiser  of  Germany,  called  Barbarussa 
(1121,  1152-119H). 

Horuah  <>r  Bone  sultan  of  Algiers 
(1474,  1616  1618). 

Khair  Eddin  sultan  of  Algiers 
(*,  1518-1546). 

Kiwi  (surnamed  the  Saint),  Boniface  I. 

Boniface  IV.  pope  (*,  607-615). 
•  -tine  I.  pope  (*,  422-* 
■  rtine  V.  pope  (1216,  1294-1296). 

Charles  the  Good,  count  of  Flanders 
(*,  1119-1127). 

David  of  Scotland  (*,  1124-1153). 

Erie  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1156-1160). 

Ethelred  I.  of  Wessex  (*,  866-871). 
enius  I.  pope  (*,  654  6.".7). 

Felix  1.  pope  (*,  269-274). 

Ferdinand  III.  of  Castile  and  Leon 
(1200,  1217-1252). 

Heinrich  II.  of  Germany  (972,  1002- 
1024). 

Juiius  I.  pope  (*,  337-352). 

King-he  of  China  (*,  1661-1722). 

Udislaus  I.  of  Hungary  (1041,  1077- 
1095). 

Leo  IX.  pope  (1002,  1049-1054). 

Louis  IX.  of  France  (1215,  1226-1270). 

Martin  I.  pope  | " 

Olaus  II.  of  Norway  (992,  1000-1030). 

Stephen  I.  of  Hungary  (979,  997-1038). 

Km ;  (surnamed  the  Silic),  Conrad  II. 
of  Germany  (*,  1024-1039). 

King  (surnamed  the  Severe),  PcW  I, 
of  Portugal  (1320,  1357-1367). 

Kiwg  (surnamed  the  Silent),  Annsta- 
sius  1.  emperor  of  the  East  (430,  491- 
618). 

William  I.  Stadtholder  (1533,  1544- 
1584). 


KING. 


615 


KING  AND  THE  LOCUSTS. 


SxtV]  (surnamed  the  Simple),  Charles 
III.  of  France  (879,  898-829). 

King  (surnamed  the  Stammerer),  Louis 
II.  le  Segue,  of  France  (846,  877-879). 

Michael  II.  emperor  of  the  East 
(*,  820-829). 

King  (Bumamed  the  Terrible),  Ivan  II. 
of  Russia  (1529,  1533-1584). 

King  (surnamed  the  Thunderbolt),  Pto- 
lemy  king  of  Macedon,  eldest  son  of 
Ptolemy  Soter  I.,  was  bo  called  from  his 
great  impetuosity  (h.c.  *,  285-279). 

King  (surnamed  the  I'hunderer), 
Stephen  11.  of  Hungary  (1100,  1114- 
1131). 

King  (surnamed  the  Unready),  Ethelred 
II.  of 'England  (*,  978-101G).  Unready, 
in  tins  case,  does  not  mean  unprepared, 
but  unwise,  lacking  rede  ("  wisdom  or 
counsel"). 

King  (surnamed  the  Valiant),  John  IV. 
duke  of  Brittany  (1338,  1304-1399). 

Kim;  (surnamed  the  Victorious), 
Charles  VII.  of  France  (1403,  1422-1461). 

King     (surnamed     the     Well-beloved), 

Charles  VI.  of  France  (1368,  1380   1422). 

Louis  XV.  of  France  (1710,  1715-1774). 

King  (surnamed  the  Wise),  Albert  II. 
duke  of  Austria  (1289,  1330-1358L 

Alphonso  X.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1203, 
1262-1284). 

Charles  V.  of  France,  le  Sage  (1337, 
13G4-1380). 

Che-Tsou  of  China  (*,  1278-1295). 

Frederick  elector  of  Saxony  (14G3, 
15-11    i 

James  I.,  Solomon,  of  England  (15GG, 
1608-1625). 

John  V.  duke  of  lirittany  (1389,  1399- 
1442). 

Kin;)  (surnamed  the  Wonder  of  the 
World),  Frederick  II.  of  Germany  (1194, 
1215-1250). 

Otto  III.  of  Germany  (980,  988-1002). 

King  (surnamed  the  Young),  Dagobert 
II.  oi  i 

Leo  II.  pope  i  170,  474-474). 

Louis  VII.  le  Jeune,  of  Trance  (1120, 
1137-1  lso). 

Lndwig  il.  of  Germai 

Bomanu|  11.  emperor  of  the  East 
•69  0 

King  Franoo'ni,  Joachim  liura  ;  so 
■Ucdbeeauaehis  drei  sua.-,  bo  exceedingly 


showy  that  he  reminded  one  of  the  fine 
dresses  of  Franconi  the  mountebank 
(1767-1816). 

King  Log,  uroi  faineant,  an  allusion 
to  jEsop's  fable  of  the  Frog*  cukingfora 
King.    Jupiter  threw  a  log  into  thi 

for  their  first  king,  and  a  stork  for  their 
second.  The  one  was  too  passive,  the 
other  was  a  "  dovourer  of  his  peo] 

King  Maker  ( The),  Bichard  Neville, 
earl  of  Warwick,  who  fell  in  the  bat 
liarnet  (1420-1471).  So  called  \« 
when  he  espoused  the  Yorkists,  Edward 
IV.  was  set  up  king ;  and  when  he 
espoused  the  Lancastrian  side,  Henry  VI. 
was  restored. 

Thus  fortune  to  hU  end  the  nii«hty  Warwick  bring* 
Tim  puUsant  sctter-up  aud  plucksr-down  oi  kuiu>. 

I>r:i> ton.  /'ol</ulbi:.n.  nil.  EMU). 

King  Petaud,  a  king  whose  subjects 
are  all  his  equals.  Thecourt  of  kin  /  Petaud 
is  a  board  where  no  one  pays  any  attention 

to  the  chairman  ;  a  meeting  of  all  talkers 
and  no  hearers.     The  king  of  the  h 
is  called  king  l'e'taud,  from  the  Laid] 
"  I  beg." 

King  Stork,  a  tyrant  who  devours 
his  subjects  and  makes  them  Bubmissivo 
from  fear.  Tho  allusion  is  to  2Esop 
of  the  Frog*  aekingfor  a  King.  Jupiter 
first  sent  them  a  log,  but  they  despised 
the  passive  thing  ;  he  then  sent  them  a 
stork,  who  devoured  them. 

King  and  the  Locusts.  A  kin- 
made  a  proclamation  that,  if  any  man 
would  tell  him  a  story  which  Bhou 

for  ever,  he  would  make  bun  his  heir  and 

son-in-law  ;  but  if  any  one  underl 

do  so  and  failed,  he  should  lose  his  bead. 

After  many  failures,  came   one,  and  said, 
M  A  certain   king  seized  all   the  corn   01 

his  kingdom,  and  Btored  it  in  a  huge 

granary  ;  but  a  swarm  of  locusts  came, 
and  a  small  cranny  \\:m  descried,  through 
which  one  locust  could  contri 
So  one  Locust  went  in,  and  can 
one  grain  of  corn  ;  and  then  another 
locust  went  in,  and  carried  oil'  another 
grain  Of  COrn  ;  and  then  another  locust 
.  ;   and   M   the  man  went  on, 

day  after  day,  and  week  after  week,  "and 

so  another  locust  »i  'it  in,  and  earned  otf 

another  grain  of  corn.''   A  month  | 

a  year  passed.     In  ei\  mont 

king  said,  "  How  much  longer  will  tho 

locusts  be  .'  "      "  < >h,  your  n  . 

the  story-teller,  "they  have  cleared  at 

I  only  ■  cubit,  and  there  are  many 


KING  AND  THE  BEGGAR. 


516    KING  SnOTTLD  DIE  STANDING. 


thousand  cubits  in  the  granary."  "  Man, 
man  !  "  cried  the  king  ;  "  you  will  drive 
me  mad.  Take  my  daughter,  take  my 
kingdom,  take  everything  I  have  ;  only 
let  me  hear  no  more  of  these  intolerable 
locusts ! " — Letters  from  an  Officer  in  India 
(edited  by  the  Rev.  S.  A.  Pears). 

King  and  the  Beggar.  It  is  said 
that  king  Copethua  or  Cophetua  of  Africa 
fell  in  love  with  a  beggar-girl,  and 
married  her.  The  girl's  name  was  1'enel'- 
ophon ;  called  by  Shakespeare  Zenel'- 
ophon  (Love's  Labour's  Lost,  act  iv.  sc.  1, 
16!M). 

King  and  the  Cobbler.  The 
interview  between  Henry  VIII.  and  a 
merry  London  cobbler  is  the  subject  of 
one  of  the  many  popular  tales  in  which 
Bluff  Hal  is  represented  as  visiting  an 
humble  subject  in  disguise. 

King  of  Bark,  Christopher  III.  of 
Denmark,  Norway,  and  Swedi  n.  So 
called  because,  in  a  time  of  scarcity,  lie 
had  the  bark  of  birchwood  mixed  with 
meal  for  food  (died  1448). 

King  of  Bath,  Bean  Nash,  who  was 
for  fifteen  years  master  of  the  ceremonies 
of  the  bath-rooms  in  that  city,  and  con- 
duct! .1  the  halls  with  great  splendour  and 
judgment  (li;74-17Gl). 

King  of  England.  This  title  waa 
first  assumed  by  Egbert  in  828. 

King  of  Exeter  'Change,  Thomas 
Clark,  friend  of  the  famous  Abraham 
Newland  (1737-1817). 

King  of  France.  Thi3  title  was 
first  assumed  by  Louis  VII.  (1171).  It 
was  chunged  into  "  king  of  the  French" 
by  I  h<-  National  Assembly  in  1789. 
Louis  XVIII.  resumed  the  title  "kin^c  of 
France"  in  1814;  and  Louis  Philippe 
again  resumed  the  more  republican  title, 
"  king  of  the  French"  (1830). 

King  of  France.  Edward  III.  of  Eng- 
land assumed  the  title  in  1337  ;  but  in 
1801  it  was  relinquished  by  proclamation 
(time,  George  III.). 

King  of  Ireland.  This  title  was 
first  assumed  by  Henry  VIII.  in  1542. 
The  title  previously  assumed  by  the  kings 
of  England  was  "  lord  of  Ireland." 

King  of  Painters,  a  title  assumed 
by  ParrnasioB.  Plutarch  says  he  wore  a 
purple  robe  and  a  golden  crown  (fl.  b.c. 
<U0). 


King  of  Preachers,  Louis  Bour- 
daloue,  a  French  clergyman  (1G32-1704). 

King  of  Rome,  a  title  conferred  by 
Napoleon  I.  on  his  son  the  very  day  he 
was  born  ;  but  he  was  generally  called  the 
duke  of  Reichstadt. 

It  is  thought  that  this  title  was  given 
in  imitation  of  Charlemagne,  If  so,  it 
was  a  blunder  ;  Charlemagne  was  never 
"kin;  of  Rome,"  but  he  was  "patrician 
of  Koine."  In  the  German  empire,  tl  e 
heir-apparent  was  "  king  of  the  Romans," 
Dot  "king  of  Rome."  This  latter  title 
was  expressly  conferred  on  the  German 
kin^s,  and  sometimes  on  their  heirs,  by 
a  coronation  at  Milan.  The  German  title 
equivalent  to  "dauphin,"  or  "prince  of 
Wales,"  was  "  king  of  the.  Romans." 

King    of    Ships,    Carausius,   who 

assumed    the  purple    in   a.d.    287,   and, 

seizing  on  Britain,  defeated  the  emperor 

Maximian    Herculius    in    several    naval 

i  aunts  (260,  887-298). 

King  of  Yvetot  [Er-to~\y  a  king  of 
name  only  ;  a  mockery  king  ;  one  who 
sesames  mighty  honours  without  the 
wherewithal  to  support  them.  Yvetot, 
near  Rouen,  was  a  seigneurie,  on  the 
■or  of  which  Clotaire  I.  conferred 
the  title  of  kin^  in  684,  and  the  title 
continued  till  the  fourteenth  century. 

II  etalt  un  rol  <TYvrt.it, 
Peu  connu  dan?  1'hi  t"ire  ; 
Se  levant  tanl,  «•  coucnant  tAt, 
Dormant  fort  blon  sain  glolre. 

Be  ranger. 

King  of  the  Beggars,  Bampfylde 
Moore  Carew  (1698-1770).  He  succeeded 
Clause  Patch,  who  died  1730,  and  was 
therefore  kini;  of  the  beggars  for  forty 
years  (1730-1770). 

King  of  the  World,  the  Roman 
emperor. 

King  Sat  on  the  Rocky  Brow 

(A).     The  reference  is  to  Xerxes  viewing 
the   battle  of  Salamis  from    one  of  tha 

declivities  of  mount  .Kgill'eos. 

A  kiiiR  snt  on  the  rocky  brow 

Which  liH.ki  o'er  sea- horn  Salamis; 
Anil  >hi[vs,  b\  th  ■uvaml.-t,  lay  below. 
Byron.  Don  Juan.  ill.  (•The  Ults  of  Greece,"  1800k 

("Ships  by  thousands"  is  a  gross 
exaggeration.  The  original  fleet  was 
only  1200  sail,  and  400  were  wrecked  off 
the  coast  of  Sepias  before  the  ana  fljrlit  of 
Salamis  commenced,  thus  reducing  th» 
number  to  800  at  most.) 

King  should  Die  Standing  (A). 
Vespasian  said  so,  and  Lcuis  XVII I.  of 


KING'S  CAVE. 


517 


RINGS  OF  ENGLAND. 


France  repeated  the  same  conceit.     Both 
died  standing. 

King's  Cave  (The),  opposite  to 
Campbeltown  (Argyllshire);  bo  called 
because  king  Robert  Bruce  with  his 
retinue  lodged  in  it. — Statistical  Account 
of  Scotland,  v.  167. 

King's  Chair,  the  hands  of  two 
persons  so  crossed  as  to  form  a  seat.  On 
Candlemas  Day  (February  2),  it  was  at  one 
time  customary  for  Scotch  children  to 
carry  offerings  to  their  schoolmaster,  and 
the  boy  and  girl  who  brought  the  richest 
gift  were  elected  king  and  queen  for  the 
nonce.  When  school  was  dismissed,  each 
of  these  two  children  was  carried  in  a 
king's  chair,  by  way  of  triumph. 

Kings.  Many  lines  of  kin^s  have 
taken  the  name  of  some  famous  forefather 
or  some  founder  of  a  dynasty  as  a  titular 
name. — Sec  Seldcn,  Titles  of  JIunuur,  v. 

Alban  kings,  called  Silvius. 

Amalekite  kings,  .1 

Bithynian  kings,  Nicomides. 

Constantinopofitan  kings,  Constantine. 

Egyptian  kings  (ancient),  Pharaoh. 
„  „     (medieval),  Ptolemy. 

Indian  kings,  called  1'alibothri  (from  the 
city  of  1'alibothra). 

Parthian  kings,  Ar'saces. 

Roman  emperors,  Casar. 

Servian  kings,  Lazar,  i.e.  Eleazar  Bulk 
or  Bvlh-ogar,  sons  of  Bulk. 

Upsala  kings,  called  Drott. 

Boy  ii patronymics, — Athenian,  Cecrop'- 
idaa,  from  C 

Danish,  Skiold-ungs,  from  Skiold. 

Persian,  Achmen'-idss,  from  Achmenis. 

Thessalian,  Aleva-dw,  from  Almas; 
etc.,  etc. 

Kings  of  Cologne  (Tlie  Three), 
the  three  Magi  who  came  from  the  East  to 
oiler  gifts  to  the  infant  Jesns.  Their  names 
are  Jfelchior,  Gaspar,  and  Balthazar. 
The  first  offered  gold,  symbolie  of  king- 
ship; the  second,  franmtcense,  Bymbohc 
of  divinity  ;  the  third,  myrrh,  symbolic  of 
death,  myrrh  being  used  in  embalming 
the  dead.     (See  CoLOGHa,  p.  204.) 

Kings  of  England.  Sin.-.'  the 
Conquest,  not  more  man  three  successive 
sovereigns  have  reigned  without  a  crisis; 

William  I.,  William  II.,  Henry  I. 

Stcplifn  inu-tr. 

Henry  II.,  Richard  I.,  John. 

Tl.e  popo  gtres  tb«  crown  to  the  dauphin. 

Henry  III.,  Edward  I.,  Edward  II. 

Edward  II.  muni.  red. 


Edward  III.,  Richard  II. 

Klchanl  II.  deponed. 

Henry  IV.,  V.,  VI. 

.  tcr  changed  to  York. 

Edward  IV..  V.,  Richard  III. 

Dynasty  chanted. 

Henry  VII.,  VIII.,  Edward  VI. 

Lady  Jane  Grey, 

Mary,  Elizabeth. 

Dynasty  changed. 
James  I.,  Charles  I. 

Charles  I.  beheaded. 

Charles  II.,  James  II. 

James  II.  dethroned. 

William  III.,  Anne. 

Dynasty  changed. 

George  I.,  IE,  III. 

Bagency. 

George  IV.,  William  IV.,  Vietoru 
(indirect  successions). 

Kings  of  'England.     Except  in  one  in, 

stance  (that  of  John),  we  have  never  had 
a    great-grandchild   sovereign    in 

•.  The  exception  is  not  creditable, 
for  in  John's  rci^n  the  kingdom  was 
given  away  twice;  his  son  Henry  III. 
was  imprisoned  by  Leicester;  and  his 
great-grandson  Edward  II.  was  mnr- 
dercd.  In  two  other  instances  a 
child  has  succeeded,  via.,  Henry  VI.. 
whose  reign  wus  a  continued  civil  war; 
and    Edward   VI.,  the  sickly  son  of  Jane 

Seymour.    Stephen  was  a  grandchild  of 

William    [.,  but  a   usurper;    Richard    11 
was   a  grandchild  of  Edward   III.,  and 
George  III.  was  grandson  of  George   II.  ; 
but  their  fathers  did  not  succeed  to  the 
throne. 

William  I.;  his  sons,  William  IE, 
Henry  I. 

Stephen  (a  nsnx] 

Henry  IE;  his  sons,  Richard  L,Joha 
(discrowned). 

From  John,  in  regular  sue 
have  Henry    III.  (imprisoned),  Edward 
[.,  Edward'lE  (murdered),  Edward  III. 

Richard  IE,  son  of  the  Black  Prince, 
and  without  offspring. 

Henry  IV.,  Henry  V.,  Henry  VI. 
(civil  s 

Edward  IV.,  Edward  V. 

Richard  1 1 1  r'"x)- 

Henry  VIE,  Henry  V11E,  Edward  VE 

Mary,  Elizabeth  (daughters  of  Henry 
VIII.). 

James  E.  <  'bar 

Cromwell  (culled  lord  proti       -  . 

Charh  -  IE,  James  II.  (two  brothers). 

u  illiam  HE 


KINGS  OF  ENGLAND. 


518 


KINGSALE. 


Anne. 

George  I.,  George  II. 

George  111.  (trreat-grandson  of  George 
I.,  but  not  in  direct  descent),  Geor^ 

William  IV.  (brother  of  George  IV.). 

Victoria  (the  niece  of  William  IV.  and 
George  IV.). 

Khua  of  England.  Three  seems  to  he 
a  kind  of  ruling  number  in  our  English 
sovereigns.  Besides  the  coinci, 
mentioned  above  connected  with  the 
Dumber,  may  be  added  the  following  :  — 
(1)  That  of  the  four  kings  who  married 
French  princesses,  three  of  them  Buffered 
violent  deaths,  viz.,  Edward  II.,  Richard 
II.,  ami  Charles  I.     (2)  The  three  longed 

reigns  have  been  three  threes,  vi/.,  Henry 

111.,  Edward  III.,  and  George  111 
We  have  no  instance,  as  in  Fran. 
three  brothers  succeeding  each  other. 

Bangs  of  France.  The  I 
have  been  singularly  unfortunate  in  their 
choice  of  royal  surnames,  when  d>  - 
to  express  anything  except  some  persona] 
quality,  as  handsome,  fat,  of  which  we 
cannot  judge  the  truth.  Thus,  Louis 
VI II.,  a  very  feeble  man  in  mind  and 
body,  was   surnamed   the   tAtM  ;    Philippe 

11.,  whose  whole  conduct  was  over- 
reaching and  selfish,  was  the  Magnani- 
mous; Philippe  HI.,  the  tool  of  Lai 
was  the  Donna;  Philippe  VI.,  the  moat 
unfortunate  01  all  the  kings  of  France, 
was  surnamed  the  Luokjf  ;  .lean,  one  of 
the  worst  of  all  the  kings,  w:,s  called 
the  Ooodj  Charles  VI.  an  idiot,  and 
Louis  XV.  a  scandalous  debauchee,  were 
surnamed  the  Well-beloved;  Henri  II.,  a 
man  of  pleasure,  wholly  under  the  thumb 
of  Diane  de  Poitiers,  was  called  the 
Warlike;  Louis  XI II.,  most  unjust  in 
domestic  life,  where  alone  he  had  any 
freedom  Of  aetion,  was  called  the  Just; 
Louis  XIV.,  a  man  of  mere  ceremony 
and  posture,  who  lost  battle  after  battle, 
and  brought  the  nation  to  absolute 
bankruptcy,  was  surnamed  the 
King.  (He  was  little  in  stature,  little  in 
mind,  little  in  all  moral  and  physical 
faculties  ;  and  great  only    in  such   little- 

i  as  posturing,  dressing,  ceremony, 

and  gormandizing.)    And  Louis  XVIII., 
forced  on  the  nation  by  conquerors  quite 

against  the  general   will,  was  called  the 
■  d. 

Kiwis  of  France.  The  succession  of 
three  brothers  has  been  singularly  fatal 
in  French  monarchism.  The  Capetian 
dynasty  terminated  with  three  brothers, 


sons  of  Philippe  le  Bel  (viz.,  Louis  X., 
Philippe  V.,  and  Charles  IV.).  The 
Valois  dynasty  came  to  an  end  by  the 
don  of  the  three  brothers,  sons  of 
Henri  II.  (viz.,  Francois  1L,  Charles  IX., 
anil  Henri  III.).  The  next  or  Bourbon 
dynasty  terminated  in  the  same  manner 
(Louis  XVL,  Louis  XVIIL,  and  Charles 
X.). 

After  Charles  IV.  (the  third  brother  of 
the  ferrntisn  dynasty),  came  Philips  de 
Valois,  a  collateral  descendant  ;  after 
Henri  III.  (the  third  brother  of  th« 
Valois  dynasty),  came  Henry  de  Bour- 
bon, a  collateral  descendant  ;  and  after 
Charles  X.  (the  third  brother  of  the 
Bourbon  dynasty),  came  Louis  Philippe, 
a  collateral  descendant.  With  the  third 
of  the  third  the  monarchy  ended. 

Kings  Playing  with  their 
Children. 

line  painting  of  Bonington  repre- 
:     1\  .     .>f  France)  carrying  hi* 
children  pickaback,  to  the  herror  of  the 
.Span,  I'.r. 

Plutarch  tells  us  that  Agrsiliios  was 
one  day  discovered  riding  cock-horse  on 
a  walking  stick,  to  please  and  amuse  his 
childn  n. 

111.  was  on  one  occasion  dis- 

1    on    all    fours,    with    one    of    his 

children   riding  astride   his   back.      He   is 

also  well  remembered  by  the  painting  of 
"George  III.  Playing  at  Ball  with  the 

Princess  Amelia." 

Kingdom  of  Snow,  Norway. 
Bweden  also  is  so  called.  When  these 
kingdoms  had  each  a  separate  kin:,', 
either  of  them  was  called  "The  Snow 
King."      (See  Kim.,  BVOW.) 

L.  I  M  ve.-a.-l  of  the  kingdom  of  mow,  hound  on  the 
dark. rolling  wmvM  of     Inuturo  [ih4   Orkneys^— Ualu. 

Kingsalo  (Is/rd),  allowed  to  wear 
his  hat  in  the  presence  of  royalty.  In 
1203,  Hugh  de  Lacie  treacherously  seized 
sir  John  de  Courcy  lord  of  Kingsale,  and 
king  John  condemned  him  to  perpetual 
imprisonment  in  the  Tower.  When  he 
had  been  there  about  a  vear,  king  John 
and  Philippe  Aw/ustc  of  France  agreed  to 
determine  certain  claims  by  combat.  It 
was  then  that  John  applied  to  De  Courcy 
to  be  his  champion  ;  and  as  soon  as  the 
giant  knight  entered  the  lists,  the  French 
champion  ran  away  panic-struck.  John 
now  asked  his  champion  what  reward  he 
could  give  him  for  his  service.  "Titles 
and  estates  1  have  enow,"  said  De  Cour<>  ; 
and  then  requested  that,  after  having  paid 


KINGSHIP. 


519 


KITE. 


obeisance,  he  and  his  heirs  might  stand 
covered  in  the  presence  of  the  king  and 
his  successors. 

Lord  Forester  had  the  same  right 
confirmed  to  him  by  Henry  VIII. 

John  Pakington,  ancestor  of  lord 
Hampton,  bad  a  grant  made  him  in  the 
20th  Henry  VIII.  "of  full  liberty  during 
his  life  to  wear  his  hat  in  the  royal 
presence." 

Kingship  (Disqualifications  for).  Any 
personal  blemish  disqualified  a  person 
from  being  king  during  the  semi-bar- 
barous stage  of  society  ;  thus  putting  out 
the  eyes  of  a  prince,  to  disqualify  him 
from  "reigning,  was  by  no  means  uncom- 
mon. It  will  be  remembered  that  Hubert 
designed  to  put  out  the  eyes  of  prince 
Arthur,  with  this  object.  Witi'za  the 
Visigoth  put  out  the  eyes  of  Theodo- 
fred,  "inhabilitandole  para  la  monarchia," 
Bays  Ferraras.  When  Alboquerque  took 
possession  of  Ormuz,  he  deposed  fifteen 
kings  of  Portugal,  and,  instead  of  killing 
them,  put  out  their  eyes. 

Yorwerth,  son  of  Owen  Gwynedh,  wa3 
set  aside  from  the  Welsh  throne  because 
he  had  a  broken  nose. 

Count  Olfba  of  Barcelona  was  set  aside 
because  he  could  not  speak  till  he  had 
stamped  thrice  with  his  foot,  like  a  goat. 
The  son  of  Henry  V.  was  to  be  received 
as  king  of  France,  only  on  condition  that 
his  body  was  without  defect,  and  was  not 
stunted.  — Monstrelet,  Chroniques,  v.  190 
(1612). 

Un  Conile  de  Galllcla  qua  fuera  raliado, 
Pelayo  avlo  nombro.  omo  fo  desforzado, 
I'crdio  la  vision,  andaba  embanpulo. 
Co  ome  que  noil  Tede,  noil  debie  BOW  nado. 
Gonzalez  de  Bercoo,  a  Dom.,  38S  (died  1266). 

Kiumont  WiUie,  William  Arm- 
strong of  Kinmonth.  This  notorious 
freebooter,  who  lived  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  is  the  hero  of  a 
famous  Scotch  ballad. 

Kinoce'tus,  a  precious  stone,  which 
will  enable  the  possessor  to  cast  out 
devils. — Mirror  of  Stones. 

Kirk  (Mr.  John),  foreman  of  the  jury 
on  Ktlie  Deans's  trial.— Sir  \V.  Scott, 
Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Kirkcaldy  (Scotland),  a  corruption 
of  Kirk-fuldcc,  one  of  the  churches 
founded  in  668  by  St.  Columb  and  hu 
twelve  brethren,  when  they  established 
■  nl, lee  institutions.  The  doctrines, 
discipline,  and  government  of  theCuldeea 
resembled  prcsb\  tcrianisin. 

Kirkrapino  (8  «yJ.)i  a  Bturdy  iiixc{' 


"  wont  to  rob  churches  of  their  ornaments 
and  poor  men's  boxes."  All  he  could 
lay  hands  on  he  brought  to  the  hut  of 
Abessa,  daughter  of  (Jorce'ca.  \\  hile 
Una  was  in  the  hut,  Kirkrapine  knocked 
at  the  door,  and  as  it  was  not  immediately 
opened,  knocked  it  down;  whereupon 
the  lion  sprang  on  him,  "  under  his 
lordly  foot  did  him  suppress,"  and  then 
"  rent  him  in  thousand  pieces  small." 

The  meaning  is  that  popery  was  re- 
formed bv  the  British  lion,  which  slew 
Kirkrapine,  or  put  a  stop  to  the  traffic  in 
spiritual  matters.  Una  represents  truth 
or  the  Reformed  Church.— Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  i.  3  (1590). 

Kiss  the  Scavenger's  Daughter 
(7b),  to  be  put  to  the  torture.  Strictly 
speaking,  "the  scavenger's  daughter 
was  an  instrument  of  torture  invented 
by  William  Skevington,  lieutenant  of  the 
Tower  in  the  reign  of  Henry  \111. 
Skevington  became  corrupted  int. 
venger,  and  the  invention  was  termed  /<•* 
daughter  or  offspring. 

Kit  [Nubbles],  the  lad  employed  to 
wait  on  little  Nell,  and  do  all  BOrta  rf 
odd  jobs  at  the  "curiosity  shop"  for  her 
grandfather.  Hegenerally  begins  h 
fences  with  "Why  then."  Thus,  "'Twns 
a  h.ng  way,  wasn't  it,  Kit  (  '  "™bJ 
then,  it  was  a  goodiah  Btretch,"  returned 
Kit.  "Did  vnii  find  the  house  easily  ?  ' 
"Why  then,"  not  over  and  above,"  said 
Kit.  "Of  course  you  have  come  back 
hungry?"  "  Why  then,  1  do  think  1  am 
rather  so."  When  the  "  curiosity  - 
was  broken  up  by  Quilp,  Kit  took  service 
under  Mr.  Garland,  Abel  Cottage,  i inch- 
ley. 

Kit  was  a  shock-headed.  Bhambllng.  awkward  lad  with 
an  uncommon!]  wMe  mouth,  vert  red  ehi  iota,  a  turned- 

aort  at  the  door  on  awl 
bJjhandan  old  round  ha*  withe  '■»'•  "«*; 

lag,  and  now  on  the  other    and 

utoUiur.  with  ■  m 

the  "I,  ha   TH,  Old 

Curiosity  ti hup.  1.  (1S40). 

Kite     (Strgeant),     the     "recruiting 

officer."     He  describes  his  own  character 
thus  : 

••  I  nu  born  a  gtpiy.  and  brod  among  that  crew  till  J 
w^,  I0  «,  I   learnt  otxtinj  and 

wan  bought  from  nt>    mother  bv  a  certain  nobleman  I* 

1 
ImvJL  im  and  pimping      Baing  lum 

.1  turned 
I  learnt  bullying  and  n 

drtnUng. 

pimping,  bully.  Inking,  and  a  taUM 

—O.  Farquhar,  Th*  B  '■  Ut  1  U-<*>- 

■  an  ordinal   picture  of  low  life  and 
humour,  rarely  iurpa**d.-Jl.  Cluuubei*.  Ln.jlU\  LU«r+ 

lure.  i.  am. 


KITELY.  520 


The  original  "sergeant  Kite "  was  R. 
Eastcourt  (1668-1718). 

Kitely  (2  syl.)%  a  rich  City  merchant, 
extremely  jealous  of  his  wife. — Hen  .Ion- 
son,  Every  Man  in  His  Humour  (1598). 

Kit-Kat  Club,  held  in  Shire  Lane, 
now  called  Lower  Serle's  Place  (London). 
The  members  wen  whig  "  patriots, "  who, 
at  the  end  of  William  III.'s  reign,  met  to 
secure  the  protcstant  succession.  Joseph 
Addison,  Steele,  Congreve,  (iarth,  Yan- 
brugh,  Mainwaring,  Walpole,  Pultency, 

etc.,  were  meml  ■ 

Kit-Kat  Pictures,  forty-two  por- 
traits,   painted    by    sir    Godfrey    Kneller, 

three-quarter  sine,  to  suit  the  walls  of 
Tonson's  villa  at  Ham  Elms,  where,  in 
its   latter    days,    the    Kit-Kat   Club    was 

held. 

•*•  "  Kit-Kat  "derives  its  name  from 
Christopher    Katt,    a  pastry-cook,   who 

served  the  cluli  with  mutton  pics. 

Kitt    Henshnw,    boatman    of    sir 
Patrick   Charteris  of   Kinfauns,  i 
•>f  Perth. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Kittlccourt  (Sir  Thomas),  M.P., 
neighbour  of  the  laird  of  Ellangowan. — 

Sir.    \Y.    Scott,     Guy    Maiuurtwj    (time, 

George  II.). 

Kitty,  one  of  the  sen-ants  of  Mr. 
Peregrine  LoveL  She  spoke  French 
like  a  native,  because  she  was  once  "a 
half-boarder  at  Chelsea."      Being  asked 

if  she  had  read  Shakespeare:  "Shikspur, 
Skik>spur!"  she  replied.  "Who  wrote  it  V 
No,  I  never  read  that  book  ;  hut  1  promise 
to  re  ad  it  over  one  afternoon  or  other." — 
Rev.  James  Townley,  Hiyk  Life  Jietuic 
Stairs  (1759). 

Kitty,  younger  daughter  of  sir  David 
and  lady  I  Minder  of  Dander  Hall,  near 
Dovi  r.  She  is  young,  wild,  and  of  ex- 
uberant spirits,  "her  mind  full  of  fun, 
her  eyes  full  of  tire,  her  head  full  of 
novels,  and  her  heart  full  of  love." 
Kitty  fell  in  love  with  Random  at  Calais, 
and  agreed  to  elope  with  him.  but  the 
fugitives  were  detected  by  sir  David 
during  their  preparations  for  flight,  ami, 
to  (invent  scandal,  the  marriage  was 
sanctioned  by  the  parents,  and  duly 
solemnized  at  I  Hinder  Hall. — G.  Column, 

Ways  and  Meant  ;i788). 

Kitty  Pry,  the  waiting-maid  of 
Melissa.  Very  Impertinent,  very  in- 
quinitive,  and  very  free  in   her  tongue. 


KLAUS. 

She  has  a  partiality  to  limothv  Sharp 
"  the  lving  valet." — Garrick,  The  Lying 
Valet  (1741). 

Kitty  "Willis,  a  "  soiled  dove,"  em- 
ployed by  Saville  to  attend  a  masquerade 
in  the  same  costume  as  lady  Francis,  in 
order  to  dupe  CourtalL — Mrs.  Cowlev, 
The  Belle's  Stratagem  (1780). 

Klabot'ermann,  a  ship-kobold  of 
the  Haltie,  sometimes  heard,  but  rarely 
seen.  Those  who  have  seen  him  aay  he 
gits  on  the  bowsprit  of  a  phantom  ship 
called  Carinilhan,  dressed  in  yellow,  wear- 
ing a  night-cap,  and  smoking  a  cutty  pipe. 

Klas  (Kaiser),  a  nickname  given  to 
Napoleon  I.  (17J  i,  1811). 

ll.irt  mil  lu.l.  en  hltgen  itllJ, 
II. .rt  w*t  Ick  rcrUllen  will, 
V.m  den  grocao  kaiMi  I 

I'll  »  ir  in.il  .  ii  tin 

•  ik»  her  t«n 
Wall  Je  welt  uud  rechl  In  will  n. 

•  •  • 

.    Ir  Jilinf.  r  l< 

Nu  (In  lirut.  tin  l'urn.lli; 
Klx«  c  ••  Jagd 

knrti  un  SchUcht, 
I'ii  l.i-t  lie  mil  LaBS  »il 
Scl.Kit  lie  l.ol  I.  ii  At  mil  n  BU. 

Salter  A'.'.u 

Klaus  [Doctor),  hero  and  title  of  a 
comedy  by  llerr  Adolpfa  I'Aironge 

I»r.  Klaus  is  a  KTuff,  but  noble-minded 
and  kind-hearted  man,  whose  niece  (a 
rich    jeweller's   daughter)   has    married   a 

poor    nobleman    of    such    extravagant 

notions  that   the  wife's   property    II 

dissipated  ;  but  the  young  spendthrift  is 

reformed.     The  d  I    coachman, 

who  invades  his  master's  province,  and 
undertakes  to  cure  a  sick  peasant. 

■-•  {Peter),  the  prototype  of   Kip 

van  Winkle.  Klaus  [Klines]  is  a  goat- 
herd Of  Sittondorf,  who  was  one  day 
accosted   by  a  young  man,  who  beckoned 

him  to  follow.     Peter  obeyed,  and  was 

led  into  a  deep  dell,  where  he  found  twelve 
knights  playing  skittles,  no  one  of  whom 
uttered  a  word.  (lazing  around,  lie 
noticed  a  can  of  wine,  and,  drinking  sonic 

of  its  contents,  was  overpowered   with 

sleep.  When  he  awoke,  he  was  amazed 
at  the  height  of  the  grass,  and  when  he 
entered  the  village  everything    - 

strange  to  him.  One  or  two  companions 
encountered  him,  but  those  whom  he 
knew  as  boys  were  grown  middle-aged 
men,  and  those  whom  he  knew  as  middle- 
Sged  were,  grey  '-beards.  After  much 
perplexity,  he  discovered  he  had  been 
lor  twenty  years.    (See  Si  i  i  H  nO 

Your   Eplmeniilfe,  fOD  :..inni>lciit   Peter 
iiai.ml  "  Kip  ran  Winkle."— T.  f*rlyl«. 


KLEINER. 


521 


KNIGHT  OF  THE  SWAN. 


Kleiner  (General),  governor  of 
Prague,  brave  as  a  lion,  but  tender- 
hearted as  a  girl.  It  was  Kleiner  who 
rescued  the  infant  daughter  of  Mahldenau 
at  the  siege  of  Magdeburg.  A  soldier 
seized  the  infant's  nurse,  but  Kleiner 
smote  him  down,  saved  the  child,  and 
brought  it  up  as  his  own  daughter. 
Mahldenau  being  imprisoned  in  Prague 
as  a  spy,  Moeta  his  daughter  came  to 
Vrague  to  beg  for  his  pardon,  and  it  then 
came  to  light  that  the  governor's  adopted 
daughter  was  Meeta's  sister. — S.  Knowles, 
The  Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (1838). 

Knag  (Miss),  forewoman  of  Mde. 
Mantaliiri,  milliner,  near  Cavendish 
Square,  London.  After  doting  on  Kate 
Nickleby  for  three  whole  days,  this  spite- 
ful creature  makes  up  her  mind  to  hate 
her  for  ever. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas 
Nickleby,  xriii.  (1838). 

Knickerbocker  (Dicdrich),  nom  de 
phone    of    Washington    Irving,    in    his 

History  of  New  York  (1809). 

Knight  of  Arts  and.  Industry, 
the  hero  of  Thomson's  Castle  of  Indolence 
(canto  ii.  7-13,  1748). 

Knight  of  La  Mancha,  don 
Quixote  de  la  Mancha,  the  hero  of 
Cervantes's  novel  called  Don  Quixote, 
etc.  (1C05,  1615). 

Knight  of  the  Blade,  a  bully  ;  so 
called  because  when  swords  were  worn,  a 
bully  was  for  ever  asserting  his  opinions 
by  an  appeal  to  his  sword. 

Knight  of  the  Ebon  Spear,  Bri- 
truiKirt.  In  the  great  tournament  she 
"•ends  sir  Artegal  over  his  horse's  tail," 
then  disposes  of  Cambel,  Tri'amond, 
Blan'damour,  and  several  others  in  tho 
same  summary  way,  for  "  no  man  could 
bide  her  enchanted  spear." — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iv.  4  (1596). 

Knight  of  the  Fatal  Sword, 
BmedOrus  of  Grana'da.  Known  for  his 
love  to  the  incomparable  Alzaj  Ma. 

'•81r,"«»lcl  the  lady,  "toot  nam*  l»  so  nkbnM  In  the 
wcirM.  thai  I  am  penuaded  nothing  li  ImpoariMa  i"r  jrooi 
»rin  toaaeuto."-  Gorataaaa  D'Aunuy,  /'uiry  J'aUt  {'"lue 
Knl«ht»- Errant,"  16*1). 

Knightofthe Invincible  Sword. 
So  Am'adis  iln  Gaul  styled  himself. — 
Vasco  de  Lobeira,  Anuidis  de  Haul  (four- 
teenth century). 

Knight  of  the  Leopard.  David 
*arl  of  Huntingdon,  prince  royal  of  Scot- 

Unil,  H5suiiied  the  name  and  disguise  of 


sir  Kenneth,  "  Knight  of  the  Leopard," 
in  the  crusade. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Tlic  Talis- 
man (time,  Kichard  I.). 

Knight  of  the  Lions,  the  appella- 
tion assumed  by  don  Quixote  after  his 
attack  upon  the  van  containing  two  lion* 
sent  by  the  general  of  Oran 
to  the  king  of  Spain. — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  i.  17  (1615). 

Knight  of  tho  Pestle,  an  apothe- 
cary or  druggist. 

Knight  of  the  Post,  one  who 
haunted  the  purlieus  of  the  courts,  read* 
to  be  hired  to  swear  anything.  So  called 
because  these  mercenaries  hung  about  the 
posts  to  which  the  sheriffs  allixed  their 
announcements. 

I'll  be  no  knlKlit  of  the  post,  to  sell  my  soul  for  a  bribe ; 
Tho'  all  my  fortunes  be  crowed,  yet  1  scorn  Uie  clinUr'i 
tribe. 

Ragged  and  Torn  and  True  (a  ballad). 

Also  a  man  in  the  pillory,  or  one  that 
has  been  publicly  tied  to  a  post  and 
whipped. 

Knight  of  the  Rainbow,  a  foot- 
man ;  so  called  from  his  gorgeous  rai- 
ment. 

Knight  of  the  Roads,  a  foot-pad 
or  highwayman  ;  bo  termed  by  a  pun  on 
the  military  order  entitled  "The  Knights 
of  Rhodes." 

Knight  of  the  Rueful  Counten- 
ance. Don  Quixote  de  la  Maneha,  the 
hero  of  Cervantes's  novel,  is  so  called  by 
Sancho  l'anza  his  'sipuire. 

Knight  of  the  Shears,  a  tailor. 
Shires  (counties),  pronounced  shears,  gives 
birth  to  the  pun. 

Knight  of  the  Sun,  AJmanxor 
prince  of  Tunis.  So  called  because  the 
sun  was  the  device  he  bore  on  his  shield. 
— Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Zb&a(" Prin- 
cess Zamea,"  L682). 

Knight  of  the  Swan,  Lohengrin, 
son  ct'    Parzival.     lie  \\ . ■  n t    to    Brabant 

in   a    ship   drawn    by    a    swan.      Here   lie 

liberated  the  princess  1  lsen,  who  was  a 

captive,  and  then  inarri.'.l  her,  hut  de- 
clined to  tell  his  name.      After  a  time,  he 

joined  an  expedition  against  the  Hun- 
garians, and  alter  performing  miracles  of 

valour,  returned   to  Brabanl  covered  with 

glory.     Some  ,,f  Rlsen's friends  laughed 

at  her  far  not  knowing  her  husband's 
name,  so  she  implored  him  to  tell  her  of 
his  family  ;  but  no  sooner  was  the  ques- 
tion asked    than    the    white  swan  ro-ap- 

pcared    and    conveyed    him    away. — 


KNIGHT  OF  THE  TOMB. 


522     KNIGHTS  OF  OUR  LADY,  ETC. 


Wolfram  von  Eschenbach  (a  minnesinger), 
Lohemjrin  (thirteenth  century).  (See 
Knights  of  the  Swan.) 

Knight  of  the  Tomb  {The),  sir 
James  Douglas,  usually  called  "  The 
Black  Douglas." — Sir  YV.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Knight  of  the  Whip,  a  coach- 
man. 

Knight  of  the  White  Moon, 
the  title  assumed  by  Samson  Carrasco, 
when  he  tilted  with  don  Quixote,  on  the 
condition  that  if  the  don  were  worsted  in 
the  encounter  he  should  quit  knight- 
errantry  and  live  peaceably  at  home  lor 
twelve  months. — Cervantes,  Don  QuLcote, 
II.  iv.  12-14  (1615). 

Knight  of  the  Woeful  Coun- 
tenance, don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha. 

Knight  with  Two  Swords, 
sir  Baliri  le  her  of  sir  Balan. 

< — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prmot 
Arthur,  i.  27,  88(1470). 

Knights.  The  three  bravest  of 
king  Arthur**  knigbta  were  sir  Launcelot 
du  Lac,  sir  Tristram  de  Liones  or 
I.vom'",  and   sir   Lamoraks   lie  Galie  (i.e. 

Wales).— Sir    T.    Malory,    Mstury    of 

Art  <>ir,  i.   182  (M7H). 

%*  Ihe  complement  "f  the  knights  of 

the  Round  Table  was  160  (ditto,  i.  120). 
But  in  Lancelot  if  the  hake,  ii.  HI,  they 
are  said  to  have  amounted  to  250. 

Knightt  (']'raiti<r)t  a  secret  society 
established  to  avenge  the  wrongB  of  ap- 
prentices on  their  "tyrant  masters."  Mr. 
Sim  Tnppertit  was  captain  of  this  '•  noble 
association,"  and  their  meetings  were  held 
in  a  cellar  in  Stagg's  house,  in  the  Bar- 
bican. The  name  was  afterwards  changed 
into  "The  United  Bull-dogs,"  and  the 
members  joined  the  anti-popery  rout  of 
lord  iieorge  Gordon. — C.  Dickens,  Barn>iby 
Budge,  viii.  (18-11). 

Knights  of  Alcan'tara,  a  mili- 
tary order  of  Spain,  which  took  its  name 
from  the  city  of  Alcantara,  in  Estrema- 
dura.  These  knights  were  previously 
called  "Knights  of  the  Pear  Tree,"  and 
subsequently  "  Knights  of  St.  Julian." 
The  order  was  founded  in  1156  for  the 
defence  of  Kstremadura  against  the 
Moors.  In  1197  pope  Celestine  111. 
raised  it  to  the  rank  of  a  religious  order 
of  knighthood. 

Knights  of  Calatra'va,  a  mili- 
tary order  of  Spain,  instituted  by  Saucho 


III.  of  Castile.  "When  Sancho  took  th« 
strong  fort  of  Calatrava  from  the  Moors, 
he  gave  it  to  the  Knights  Templars,  who, 
wanting  courage  to  defend  it,  returned  it 
to  the  kin^  again.  Then  don  Reymond 
of  the  Cistercian  order,  with  several 
cavelleros  of  quality,  volunteered  to 
defend  the  fort,  whereupon  the  king 
constituted  them  "  Knights  of  Cala- 
trava." 

Knights  of  Christian  Charity, 
instituted  by  Henri  JH.  of  France,  for 
the  benefit  of  poor  military  officers  and 
maimed  soldiers.  This  order  was  founded 
at  the  6ame  time  as  that  of  the  "  Holy 
Ghost,"  which  was  meant  for  princes  and 
men  of  distinction.  The  order  was  com- 
pleted bv  Henri  IV.,  and  resembled  our 
"  Poor  Knights  of  Windsor,"  now  called 
"The  Military  Knights  of  Windsor." 

Knights  of  Malta,  otherwise  called 
"  Hospitallers  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem," 
a  religious  military  order,  whose  residence 
was  in  the  island  of  Malta.  Some  time 
before  the  journey  of  Godfrey  of  Bouil- 
lon into  the  Holy  Ijtnd,  some  Neapolitan 
merchants  built  a  house  for  those  of  their 
countrymen  who  came  thither  on  pil- 
grimage. Afterwards  they  built  a 
church  to  St.  John,  and  an  hospital  for 
they  took  the  name  of 
"Hospitallers."  In  1 104  the  order  became 
military,  and  changed  the  term  "  Hos- 
pitallers" into  that  of  "Knights  Hos- 
pitallers." In  1810 they  took  Rhodes,  and 
the  order  was  then  called  "The  Knights 
of  Rhodes."  In  1528  they  were  expelled 
from  Rhodes  by  the  Turks,  and  took  up 
their  residence  in  Malta. 

Knights  of  Montesa,  a  Spanish 
order  of  knighthood,  instituted  by  James 
II.  of  Aragon  in  1317. 

Knights  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
West  Indies,  created  by  James  I.  of 
Great  Britain.  These  knights  wore  a 
ribbon  of  an  orange  tawny  colour. 

Knights  of  Our  Ladv  of 
Mount  Carmel  (Chevaliers  de  TOrdre 
de  Notre  Dame  d>i  3!<mt  Carmel).  insti- 
tuted by  Henri  IV.  of  France  i&  H>o7, 
and  consisting  of  a  hundred  French 
gentlemen. 

N.B. — These  knights  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  Carmelites  or  L'Urdr* 
de$  Camus,  founded  by  Bertholde  count 
ol  Limoges  in  1156:  said  by  legend  to  have 
been  founded  by  the  prophet  Elijah,  and 
to  have  been  revived  by  the  Virgin  Man'. 


KNIGHTS  OF  RHODES.  623    KNIGHTS  OF  THE  BROOM,  MIC 


The  religious  house  of  Camel  was  founded 

in  400  bv  John  patriarch  of  Jerusalem, 
in  honour  of  Elijah,  and  this  gave  rise  to 
the  legend. 

Knights  of  Rhodes.  The  "  Knights 
of  Malta"  were  so  called  between  1310 
and  1523.    (Sec  KjflOHTfl  ok  Malta.) 

Knights  of  St.  Andrew,  insti- 
tuted by  Peter  the  Great  of  Moscovy,  in 
1698.  Their  badge  is  a  gold  medal, 
having  St.  Andrew's  cross  on  one  side, 
with  these  words,  Cazar  Pierre  monarque 
de  tout  le  Jiussie. 

Knights  of  St.  Genette  (Cheva- 
liers deTOrdre  de  St.  Qenetti  ,  the  most 
ancient  order  of  knighthood  in  France, 
instituted  by  Charles  Martel,  after  his 
victory  over  the  Saracens  in  782,  where  a 
vast  number  of  (jennets,  like  Spanish  cats 
(civet  cats),  were  found  in  the  enemy's 
camp. 

Knights  of  St.  George.  There 
are  several  orders  so  called  : 

1.  St.  George  of  Alfama,  founded  by 
the  kings  of  Aragon. 

2.  St.  George  of  Austria  and  Corinthia, 
instituted  by  the  emperor  Frederick  111. 
first  archduke  of  Austria. 

3.  Another  founded  by  the  same  em- 
peror in  1470,  to  guard  the  frontiers  of 
Bohemia  and  Hungary  against  the 
Turks. 

4.  St.  George,  generally  called  "  Knights 
of  the  Garter  "  (q.v.). 

5.  An  order  in  the  old  republic  of 
Genoa. 

6.  The  Teutonic  knights  were  originally 
called  "  Knights  of  St.  George." 

Knights  of  St.  Jago,  a  Bpanish 
order,  instituted  under  pope  Alexander 
111.,  the  grand-master  of  which  is  next 
in  rank  to  the  sovereign.  St.  Jago  or 
James  (the  Greater)  is  the  patron  saint 
of  Spain. 

Knights  of  St.  John  at  Jeru- 
salem, instituted  in  1120.  This  order 
to"k  its  name  from  John  patriarch  of 
Alexandria,  and  from  the  place  of  their 
■bode  [Jerusalem).  These  knights  sub- 
sequently resided  at  Rhodes  (between 
1810  and'  1628).  Being  driven  out  by  the 
Turks  in  1523,  they  took  up  their  nln.de 
llta,   and  were  called  "  Knights  of 

Malta." 
Knights  of  St.  Lazarc  (2  By/.), 

a  religion*  and  military  order  of   Knights 

iblished   in   the   twelfth 

rent  wry,   and   cuulirmed    by   the   pope   in 


1255.  Their  special  mission  was  to  taks 
care  of  lepers.  The  name  is  derived 
from  Lazarus  the  beggar  who  lay  at  the 
gate  of  Divfis.  The  order  was  intro- 
duced into  France  under  Loma  VII.,  and 
was  abolished  in  the  tir.-t  Revolution. 

Knights  of  St.  Magdalene  (3 
s;jL),  a  French  order,  instituted  by  St. 
Louis  (IX.),  to  suppress  duels. 

Knights  of  St.  Maria  de  Mer- 
cede  (3  syl.),  a  Spanish  order,  for  th« 
redemption  of  captives. 

Knights  of  St.  Michael  the 
Archangel  (Chevaliers  de  rOrdre  d  8t. 
Michel),  a  French  order,  instituted  by 
Louis  XL  in  14(39.  The  king  was  at  the 
head  of  the  order.  M.  Bouillet  bays: 
'•St.  Michel  est  regarde  commc  le  pro- 
tecteur  et  l'ange  tutelaire  do  la  France." 

Knights  of  St.  Patrick,  instituted 
in  1783.  The  ruling  Bovereigo  of  <ire.it 
Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  lord-lieu- 
tenant of  Ireland,  arc  ex-otficio  members 
of  this  order.  The  order  is  named  after 
St.  Patrick,  the  patron  saint  of  Ireland. 

Knights  of  St.  Salvador,  in 
Aragon,  instituted  by  Alphonso  1.  in 
1118. 

Knights  of  Windsor,  formerly 
called  "Poor  Knights  of  Windsor,"  but 
now  entitled  "The  Military  Knig 
Windsor,"  a  body  of  military  pensioners, 
who  have  their  residence  within  the  pre- 
cincts of  Windsor  Castle. 

Knights  of  the  Bath,  an  order  ol 
knighthood  derived  from  the  ancient 
Franks,  and  BO  termed  because  the  mem- 
bers originally  "bathed"  before  they 
performed  their  vigils.  The  last  knights 
created  in  this  ancient  form  were  at  the 
coronation  of  Charles  11.  in  1661. 

ti.t'.H.  stands  for  Grand  ' 
2fatA(thefin 

Commander    of    the  Bath 
class)  ;  and  C.B.  for  Companiom  vj    the 
Bath  (the  third  class). 

Knights  of  tho  Blood  of  Our 
Saviour,  an   order  of  knighthood    in 

Mantua,     instituted      by     duke     Vincent 

.    on    his    marriage.      It 

Consisted  of  twenty  Mantuan  duk. 

name  originated  in  tho   belief   that  i"   St. 

Andrew's  Church,  Mantua,   certain   drops 

Of  our  Saviour's  blood  are  preserved  as  8 

relic. 

Knights  of  the  Broom  Flower 

It  i'Ordredc  fa  Genette),  insti- 


KNIGHTS  OF  THE  CARPET.        524    KNIGHTS  OF  THE  PORCUPINE. 


tated  by  St.  Louis  (IX.)  of  France  on 
his  marriage.  The  collar  was  decorated 
with  broom  flowers,  intermixed  with 
fieurs  <Ie  lya  in  gold.  The  motto  was 
Exaltat  humllis. 

Knights  of  the  Carpet  or  Cakpet 
Knk;iit8,  i.e.  non-military  or  civil 
knights,  such  as  mayors,  lawyers,  authors, 
artists,  physicians,  and  so  on,  who  receive 
iheir  knighthood  kneeling  on  &  carpet, 
and  not  in  the  tented  field. 

Knights  of  the  Chamber  or 
ChAMBBB  Knkjiith,  knights  bachelors 
made  in  times  of  peace  in  the  presence 
chamber,  and  not  in  the  cum  p.  These  are 
always  military  men.  and  Hurt  fore  differ 
from  "  Carpet  Knights,"  who  are  always 
civilians. 

Knights  of  the  Cock  and  Dog, 
founded  by  Philippe  I.,  Aujuste,  of 
France. 

Knights  of  the  Crescent,  a  mili- 
tary order,  instituted  by  Reaatns  01  Anion, 

king  of  Sicily,  etc.,  in  I  !!-. 
from  the  badge,  which  is  a  crcs 
gold  enamelled.  What  gave  rise  to  this 
institution  was  that  Renattu  took  for  his 
device  a  crescent,  with  the  word  l<>z 
("  praise  "),  which,  in  the  style  of  rebus, 
maker*  loz  in  crescent,  i.e.  "  by  advancing 
in  virtue  one  merits  praise." 

Knights  of  tho  Dove,  a  Spanish 
order,  instituted  in  1379  by  John  I.  of 
Castile. 

Knights  of  the  Dragon,  created 
by  the  emperor  Sigismond  in  1417,  upon 
the  condemnation  of  lluss  and  Jerome  of 
Prague  "  the  heretics."        » 

Knights  of  the  Ermine  (Cheva- 
liers de CUrdre de I' Epic),  instituted  in  1 460 
by  Francois  I.  due  de  Pretagne.  The 
collar  was  of  gold,  composed  of  ears  of 
corn  in  saltier,  at  the  end  of  which  hung 
an  ermiw,  with  the  legend  it  ma  tie.  The 
order  expired  when  the  dukedom  was 
annexed  to  the  crown  of  France. 

Knights  of  the  Garter,  insti- 
tuted by  Edward  111.  of  England  in  1314. 
According  to  Selden,  "  it  exceeds  in 
majesty,  honour,  and  fame,  all  chivalrous 
orders  in  the  world."  The  story  is  that 
Joan  countess  of  Salisbury,  while  danc- 
ing with  the  king,  let  fail  her  garter,  and 
the  gallant  Edward,  perceiving  a  smile 
on  the  face  of  the  conrtien,  picked  it  up, 
bound  it  round  his  own  knee,  and  ex- 
claimed,  "  lloni  suit  qui  mal  y  pense." 


The  blue  garter  and  the  motto  of  the  order 
are  thus  accounted  for. 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Fleece, 
a  military  order  of  knighthood,  insti- 
tuted by  Philippe  le  Bon  of  Burgundy 
in  L429.  It  took  its  name  from  a  repre- 
sentation of  the  golden  fleece  on  the 
collar  of  the  order.  The  king  of  Spain 
is  grand-master,  and  ^he  motto  is  Ante 
fcrct  'jwun  jt'imma  micet. 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Shield, 
an  order  instituted  by  Louis  II.  of  France, 
lor  the  defence  of  the  country.  The 
motto  is  Allons  (i.e.  "  Let  us  go  in  defence 
of  our  country  "). 

Knights  of  the  Hare,  an  order  at 
twelve  knights,  inati tated  by  Edward  III. 
while  he  was  in  France.  The  French 
.  a  tremendous  shout,  and  Edward 
thought  it  was  the  cry  of  battle,  but  it 
was  occasioned  by  a  hare  running  be- 
tween the  two  armies.  From  this  in- 
cident the  knights  created  on  the  field 
alter  this  battle  were  termed  "  Kni.  ' 

the.  <  irder  of  the  Hare." 

Knights  of  the  Holy  Ghost 
(Chevaltert de  T Ordrt  'In  SstnJ  Etprit),  in- 
stituted by  Henri  III.  of  France  on  his 
return  from  Poland.  Henri  Hi.  was  both 
born  and  crowned  on  Whit-Sunday,  and 
hence  the  origin  of  the  order. 

Knights  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre, 

an   order   of  knighthood   founded  by    St. 

Hcl'ena,   when  she  rieited  Jerusalem  at 

the  age  of  so,  and  found  (as  it  is  said) 
the  cross  on  which  Christ  was  crucified  in 
a  cavern  under  the  temple  of  Yen;, 

828.  This  order  was  confirmed  by  pope 
Pascal  II.  in  1111. 

Knights  of  the  Lily,  an  order  of 
knighthood  in  Navarre,  founded  by 
Garcia  in  luliS. 

Knights  of  tho  Order  of  Fools, 
nrrtahlinhfd  November,  1881,  and  con- 
tinued to  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  The  insignia  was  a  jester  or 
Cool  embroidered  on  the  left  side  of  their 
mantles,  cap  and  bells,  yellow  stockings, 
a  cup  of  fruit  in  the  right  hand,  and  a 
gold  key  in  the  left.  It  resembled  the 
"  Oddfellows  "  of  more  modem  times. 

Knights  of  the  Porcupine 
men  de  COrdrr  thi  PorcA 
French  order  of  knighthood.  ln«  ori- 
ginal motto  was  UMMSMM  et  emimis, 
changed  by  Louis  XI 1.  into  Ultus  avot 
Trojce. 


KNIGHTS  OF  THE  RED  STAFF.    525 


KOH-I-NOOR. 


Knights  of  the  Red  Staff,  an 
order  instituted  by  Alfonso  XI.  of  Cas- 
tile and  Leon  in  1330. 

Knights  of  the  Round  Table. 
King  Arthur's  knights  were  so  called, 
because  they  sat  with  him  at  a  round 
table  made  by  Merlin  for  king  Leode- 
graunce.  This  king  gave  it  to  Arthur  on 
his  marriage  with  Guinever,  his  daughter. 
It  contained  seats  for  150  knights,  100  of 
which  king  Leodegraunce  furnished  when 
he  sent  the  table. 

Knights  of  the  Shell.  The  argo- 
nauts of  St.  Nicholas  were  so  called  from 
the  shells  worked  on  the  collar  of  the 
order. 

Knights  of  the  Ship,  an  order  of 
knighthood  founded  by  St.  Louis  (IX.) 
of  France  in  his  expedition  to  Egypt. 

Knights  of  the  Star  {Chevaliers 
de  rOrare  de  VEtoile),  an  ancient  order  of 
knighthood  in  France.  The  motto  of  the 
order  was  Monstrant  regions  astro,  viam. 

Knights  of  the  Swan  {Chevaliers 
de  rOrare  du  Oygne),  an  order  of  knight- 
hood founded  in  1443  by  the  elector 
Frederick  II.  of  Brandenburg,  and  re- 
stored in  1848  by  Frederick  William  IV. 
of  Prussia.  Its  object  is  the  relief  of  dis- 
tress generally.  The  king  of  Prussia  is 
grand-master.  The  motto  is  Gott  mit 
uns  ("  God  be  with  you  ")  ;  and  the  collar 
is  of  gold.  The  white  swan  is  the  badge 
of  the  house  of  Cleves  (Westphalia). 

Lord  Berners  has  a  novel  called  The 
Knight  of  the  Swan  (sixteenth  century). 

Knights  of  the  Thistle,  said  to 
he  founded  by  Archaicus  king  of  the  Scots 
in  809;  revived  in  1540  by  .lames  V.  of 
Scotland  ;  again  in  1(>o7  by  James  II.  of 
Great  Britain  ;  and  again  by  queen  Anne, 
who  placed  the  order  on  a  permanent 
footing.  The  decoration  consists  of  a 
collar  of  enamelled  gold,  composed  oi 
sixteen  thistles  interlaced  with  sprigs  of 
rue,  and  a  small  golden  image  of  St. 
Andrew  within  a  circle.  The  motto  is 
Nemo  me  imjiunc  lacessit.  The  members 
are  sometimes  called  "Knights  of  St. 
Andrew." 

The  rue  mixed  with  the  thistles  is 
a  pun  on  the  word  "  Andrew,"  thistles 
Athd-nw. 

%*  There  was  at  one  time  a  French 
"  Order  of  the  Thistle"  in  the  house  of 
Bourbon,  with  the  same  decoration  and 
motto. 

Knights  of  the  Virgin's  Look- 


ing-glass, an  order  instituted  in  1410 
by  Ferdinand  of  ( !a 

Knights  Teutonic,  originally  called 
"  Knights  of  St.  ( leorge,  then  "  Knights 
of  the  Virgin  Mary,"  and  lastly  "Teutonic 
Knights  of  the  Hospital  r.f  St.  Mary  the 
Virgin."  This  order  was  instituted  by 
Henry  king  of  Jerusalem,  in  compliment 
to  the  German  volunteers  who  accom- 
panied Frederick  Barbarossa  <>n  his  >-ru- 
sade.  The  knights  were  soon  afterwards 
placed  under  the  tutelage  of  the  Virgin, 
to  whom   a  hospital  ha  Licated 

for  the  relief  of  German  pilgrims  ;  and 
in  1191  pope  Celestine  III.  confirmed  the 
privileges,  and  changed  the  name  of  the- 
order  into  the  "Teutonic  Knights,"  etc. 
Abolished  by  Napoleon  in  1809. 

Knighton,  groom  of  the  duke  of 
Buckingham. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Knockwinnock  (Sybil),  wife  of  sir 
Richard  of  the  Redhand,  and  mother  of 
Malcolm  Mishegot. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Know.  Not  to  know  me  argues  your- 
selves unknown.  The  words  of  Satan  to 
Zephon  and  Ithu'riel,  when  they  dis- 
covered him  lurking  in  the  garden  of 
Eden. — Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  iv.  830 
(1665). 

Kochla'ni,  a  race  of  Arabian  horses, 
whose  genealogy  for  2000  years  has  been 
most  strictly  preserved.  They  are  derived 
\  rum  Solomon's  studs.  This  race  of  horses 
can  bear  tin  greatest  fatigue,  can  pass  days 
without  food,   show   undaunted  courage 

in  battle,  and  when  their  riders  are  .-lain 
will  carry  them  from  the  field  to  a  place 
of  safety. — Xiebuhr. 

(The  Kadischi  is  another  celebrated  race 
of  horses,  but  not  equal  to  the  Kochlani.) 

Koh-i-noor  ("mountain  of  light"),  a 

diamond  once  called"  I  lie  Great  .Mogul." 

Held  in  the  fourteenth  century  by  the 
rajah    of    .Malwa.      Later   it    fell    into    the 

hands  of  the  sultans  of  Delhi,  after  their 
conquest  of  Malwa.     It  belonged  in  the 

seventeenth  century  to  Aurungxebe  the 
(ireat.  The  schah  Jihan  sent  it  to 
Hortensio  Borgio  to  be  cut,  but  the 
in  lapidary  reduced  it  from  798| 
carats  to  !8o,  and  left  it  dull  ami  lustre- 
less. It  next  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Aurung/ebe's  great-grandson.  Who  hid  it 
in  his  turban.  Nadir  Seliali  invited  the 
possessor  to  a  feast,  and  insisted  on 
changing  turbans,  "  to  cement  thai*  love," 


KOIILHAAS. 


526 


KUDRUN 


and  thus  it  fell  into  Nadir's  hands,  who 
gave  it  the  name  of  "  Koh-i-noor."  Itncxt 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Ahmed  Shah, 
founder  of  the  Cabfll  dynasty  j  was  ex- 
torted from  shah  Shuja  by  Uunjet  Singh, 
who  wore  it  set  in  a  bracelet.  After  the 
murder  of  Shu  Singh,  it  was  deposited  in 
the  Lahore  treasury,  and  after  the  annex- 
ation of  the  Punjaub  was  presented  to 
queen  Victoria  in  I860.  It  has  been  re- 
cut,  and,  though  reduced  to  I1"'-  carats,  is 
supposed  t<>  be  worth  £1)0,000. 

%*  There  is  another  diamond  of  the 
same  namo  belonging  to  the  shah  of 
Persia. 

Kohlhaas  (Michael),  an  excellent 
historical  novel  of  the  Lutheran  period, 
by  Henry  Kleist,  a  German  (177ii  1811). 

Kolao,  the  wild  man  of  Misamichis. 
He  had  a  soli  who  died  in  early  youth,  and 
he  went  to  Pat-Koot-Peroul  to  crave  his 
son's  restoration  to  life.  l'at-Koot-1'arout 
put  the  soul  of  the  dead  body  in  a  Leather 
bag,  which  he  fastened  with  packthread, 
and  hung  round  the  neck  of  Kolao,  telling 
him  to  lay  the  body  in  a  new  hut,  put  the 

bag  near  the  mouth,  and  so  let  the  soul 
return  to  it,  hut  on  no  account  to  open 
the  bag  before   everything  ni    ready. 

Kolao  placed  the  bag  in  his  wile's  hands 
while  he  built  the  hut,  strictly  enjoining 
her  not  to  open  it;  but  curiosity  led  lor 
to   open   the   bag,  and  out  tlew  the  SOU]  to 

the  country  of  Pat-Koot-Parout  again. — 

T.  S.  Gueulette,  Chinese  Talcs  ("Kolao, 

the  Wild  Man,"  1728). 

***  Orpheus,  having  lost  his  wife 
Euiydlcfi  by  the  bite  of  a  serpent, 
obtained  permission  of  Pluto  for  her 
restoration,  provided  he  looked  not  back 

till  he  reached  the  upper  world.  He  had 
cot  to  the  end  of  his  journey  when  he 
turned  round  to  see  if  Pluto  had  kept 
his  word.  As  he  turned  he  just  caught 
sight  of  Eurydicfi,  who  was  instantly 
taught  back  again  to  the  infernal  regions. 

Koppenberg,  the  mountain  of  West- 
phalia to  which  the  pied  piper  (Bunting) 
led  the  children,  when  the  people  of 
Hamelin  refused  to  pay  him  for  killing 
their  rats. 

%•  The  Old  Wan  of  the  Mountain  led 
the  children  >f  Lorch  into  the 'lannenberg, 
for  a  similar  offence. 

Korigans  or  K/rriaans,  nine  fays  of 
Brittany,  who  can  predict  future  events, 
assume  any  shape,  i.nd  move  from  place 
to  place  as  quick  as  thought.  They  do 
not  vxceed   two  feet  iu  height,  sing  like 


syrens,  and  comb  their  long  hair  like 
mermaids.  They  haunt  fountains,  flee 
at  the  sound  of  bells,  and  their  breath  i> 
deadly. — Breton  Mythology. 

Kosciusko  {Thaddams),  the  Polish 
general,  who  contended  against  the  allied 
army  of  Russia  under  the  command  of 
Suwarrow,  in  1794.  He  was  taken 
prisoner  and  sent  to  Russia,  but  in  1796 
was  set  at  liberty  by  the  czar. 

Bon  for  a  muon  hade  Uie  world  farewrn. 
And  Freedom  shrieked — as  Koacblutko  (ell. 

GfeBspbsjD.  J'iuiuw  of  Hope,  L  (lTISt 

Krakamal,  the  Danish  death-song. 

Kriemhild  [Krccm.hild],  daughter  of 
Dancrat,  and  sister  of  GttnUVW  king  of 
Burgundy.  She  first  married  Siegfried 
king  of  the  Netherlander,  who  was  mur- 
dered  by  Hawaii.  Thirteen  yean  after- 
wards, she  married  Steel  [Anita)  king  of 
the  Huns.  Some  time  after  her  man 
she  invited  Gunther,  Began,  and  nthei«  to 
visit  her,  and  Hagan  slew  Ktzel's  young 
son.  Kriemhild  now  became  a  perfect 
fury,  and  cut  off  the  head  of  both  Gllnthe/' 
and  Hagan  with  her  own  hand,  but  was 
:  slain  by  Hildebrand.  Till  thi 
death  of  .Siegfried,  Kriemhild  was  gentle, 
■.  and  lovable,  but  afterwards  slit 
became  vindictive,  bold,  and  hateful.— ■ 
I  ,  /  (by  the  German 
minnesingers,   I-  !!>)• 

Krook,  proprietor  of  a  rag  and  bone 
warehouse,  where  everything  seems  to  be 
bought  and  nothing  sold.  He  is  a 
grasping  drunkard,  who  eventually  dies 
of    spontaneous   combustion.    Kro..k  is 

always  attended  by  a  large  cat,  which  he 
calls  "  Lady  .lane,"  as  uncanny  as  her 
master. — C.  Dick'  BoKM  (1852). 

Kruitz'ner,  or  the  "  German's  Tale," 
in  Miss  11.  Lee's  Canterbury  Talcs.  Lord 
Byron  founded  his  tragedy  of  Werner  on 
this  tale. 

The  drum*  [of   Werner]  U  taken   entirely  from   th« 
"  German's  Tale  "  [  Kruitzner\  published  In  L«V 
bury  Tales,  written  by  two  sisters  ...  I   l«ve  adopted 
the  characters,  plan,  and  eren  tbi  I nny  parti 

of  Uie  story.— Lord  Byron.  Preface  to  Werner  U«!)- 

Kubla  Khan.  Coleridge  says  that 
he  composed  the  poem  in  a  dream  im- 
mediately after  reading  in  Purchas's 
Pilgrimage  a  description  of  the  Khan 

Ku lila's  palace,  and  lie  wrote  it  down  on 

awakingin  its  present  fragmentary  states 

Kudrun,  called  the  German  Odyssey 

(thirteenth  century)  ;  divided   int*i  three 

parts  called  Hagen,  Hilda  (2  qri.),  and 

Kiiilrun — same  as  limlrmt  (,</.  c.) 


KWASIND.  527 


Ifagen  is  the  Bon  of  Siegebrand  king  of 
Irland,  and  is  carried  off  by  a  griffin  to 
a  distant  island,  where  three  princesses 
take  charge  of  him.  In  due  time  a  ship 
touches  on  the  island,  takes  all  the  four 
to  Irland,  and  Hageo  marries  Hilda,  tho 
youngest  of  the  three  sisters. 

Hilda.  In  due  time  Hilda  has  a 
daughter,  who  is  called  by  the  same  name, 
and  at  a  marriageable  age  she  becomes 
the.  wife  of  Hedel  king  of  Friesland. 

Kudrun.  Hilda  has  two  children, 
Otwcia  \Ot.vinc\  a  son,  and  Kudrun  a 
daughter.  Kudrun  i3  affianced  to  Her- 
wig,  but,  while  preparing  the  wedding 
dresses,  is  carried  off  by  llartmut,  son  of 
Ludwig  king  of  Normandy.     Her  father 

goes  in  pursuit,  but  is  slain  by  Ludwig. 
in  reaching  Normandy,  Gerlindc  (.'i  *<//.), 
the  queen-mother,  treats  Kudrun  with  the 
greatest  cruelty,  and  puts  her  to  the  most 
menial  work,  because  she  refuses  to  marry 
her  son.  At  length,  succour  is  at  hand. 
Her  lover  and  brother  arrive  and  slay 
Ludwig.  Gerlinde  is  just  about  to  put 
Kudrun  to  death,  when  Watt  Long-beard 
rushes  in.  slays  the  queen,  and  rescues 
Kudrun,  who  is  forthwith  married  to 
Ilerwig  her  affianced  lover. — Author 
unknown  (some  of  the  minnesingers). 

Kwa'sind,  the  strongest  man  that 
ever  lived,  the  Hercules  of  the  North 
American  Indians.  He  could  poll  up 
cedars  and  pines  by  the  roots,  and  toss 
huge  rocks  about  like  playthings.  His 
wondrous  strength  was  "seated  in  his 
crown,"  and  there  of  course  lay  his  point 
of  weakness,  but  the  only  weapon  which 
could  injure  him  was  the  "blue  cone  of 
the  tir  tree,"  a  secret  known  only  to  the 
pygmies  or  Little-folk.  This  mischievous 
race,  out  of  jealousy,  determined  to  kill 
the  strong  man,  and  one  day,  finding  him 
asleep  in  a  boat,  pelted  him  with  lir 
cones  till  he  died  ;  and  now,  whenever  the 
tempest  rages  through  the  forests,  and  the 
branches  of  the  trees  creak  and  groan  and 
•  plit,  they  say  "  Kwasind  is  gathering  in 
his  lire-wood." 

I'i- ir,  too,  unto  Hiawatha 

Waa  (bo  very  strong  man  Kwasind  ; 

lit)  tho  strongest  of  all  mortals. 

Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  rl.  and  xrlll. 

Kyrie  Elyson  de  Montalban 
(Don)  or  "don  (^uirieleyson  de  Mon- 
talvan,"  brother  of  Thomas  de  LVfontalban, 
in  the  romance  called  Tirante  lc  JiUmc, 

author  unknown. 

%*    !»r.  \Yarburton,  in  his  essay  on  the 

old  romances,  falls  into  the  Btrange  error 

•f*     calling    this    character     an     "  e*rly 


LACKITT. 

romance  of  chivalry."  As  well  might  he 
call  Claudius  king  of  Denmark  a  play  of 
Shakespeare's,  instead  of  a  character  in 
the  tragedy  of  Hamlet. 

A  large  quarto  dropped  at  the  harber's  feet  ...  It 
WBI  tin-  history  of  tli.it  famou.  knight  lir.inl.-  Ir  Wane 
"  i'ray  let  me  look  at  tliat  book."  Bid  the  ;r 
shall  find  in  it  a  fund  of  amusement.  Hens  shall  we  find 
the  famous  knight  don  Kyrie  BJyaon  of  MontalbaB,  and 
his   brother  Thomas.   .   .    .  This  is  km  "f    I  | 

lunmlng  books  erer  wrltteu."— Cervantes,  Hon  </"""«« 
I.  i.  6  iltiojj. 


L. 

Iiab'arum,  the  imperial  standard 
carried  before  the  Roman  emperors  in 
war.  Constantine,  having  seen  aluminous 
cross  in  the  sky  the  night  before  the 
battle  of  Saxa  Rubra,  added  the  sacred 
monogram  XP  (Christvs).—  Gibbon, Z>cc7i>kj 
ami  tall,  etc.,  xx.  note  (1788). 

H.  Browning  erroneously  calls  the  word 
laba  'rum. 

.  .  .  stars  would  write  lib  will  in  heaven. 
As  once  when  a  labSrom  wa.  n.>t 

loo  much  for  tho  old  founder  of  these  walls  [Constanti- 
nople], 

K.  Browning,  Paraccltut,  11. 

Labe  (2  si/l.),  the  sorceress-queen  of 
the  Island  of  Enchantments.  She  tried 
to  change  Bodcr,  the  young  king  of  Per- 
sia, into  a  halting,  one-eyed  hack  ;  but 
Bederwas  forewarned,  and  changed  I.ahd 
herself  into  a  marc. — Arabian  Night$ 
("  Beder  and  Giauharfi  "). 

Labe'rius,  a  Roman  writer  of  panto* 
mimes,  contemporary  with  Julius  Cesar. 

Uiherius  would  be  always  sure  of  m. re  f. [lowers  tuaa 
Bophotlda. — J.  HaepbartOD,  Itittertation  on  Ltuiin. 

La  Creevy  (Miss),  a  little  talka- 
tive, bustling,  cheery  miniature-painter. 
Simple-minded,  kind-hearted,  and  bright 
as. -i  lark.  She  marries  Tim  Linkinwater, 
the  old  clerk  of  the  brothers  Cheervble. — 
C.  Dickens,  A     .     .    A  1888). 

Lackitt  (  Widow),  the  widow  of  an 
Indian  planter.      This  rich  vulvar  widow 

falls  in  love  with  Charlotte  Weldon,  who 

assumes  the  dress  of  ■  young  man   and 

calls    herself     Mr.     Weldon.       Charlotte 

even  marries  the  widow,  but  then  inform* 
her  tint  she  i-  .i  girl  in  male  apparel, 

engaged    to    Mr.  St.-minore.     The   widow 

consul.  \  marrying  Jack  .M.an- 

more. — Thomas  Southern,      Oroono/to 
(1696). 


LACY. 


628 


LADY  OF  LYONS. 


Lacy  (Sir  JIwjo  de),  constable  of 
Chester,  a  crusader. 

Sir  tkcmkm  de  Lacy,  nephew  of  sir 
Hugo.     He  marries  lady  Eveline. 

Randal  de  Lacy,  sir  Hugo's  cousin, 
•ntroduced  in  several  disguises,  as  a 
merchant,  a  hawk-seller,  and  a  robber- 
captain.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed 
^time,  Henry  II.). 

La'das,  Alexander's  messenger,  noted 
for  his  swiftness  of  foot. 

Ladislaus,  a  cynic,  whose  humour  is 
hf.althv  and  amusing. — Massingcr,  The 
Picture  (1629). 

Ladon,  the  dragon  or  hydra  that 
asssisted  the  Hesperidfis  in  keeping 
watcli  over  the  golden  apples  of  the 
Hesperian  grove. 

Bo  oft  th'  unainialile  drnzon  hath  tlrpt. 

Thai  the  gardcn'i  Imperfactlj  w»!clit-l  nftrr  all. 

T    M.xjre.  I  rat  MthMio  1 18141. 

Ladrone  Islands,  i.e.  "thieves' 
islands  ;  "  so  called  by  Magellan  in  151i», 
from  the  thieviah  disposition  of  the 
natives. 

Ladur'lad,  the  father  of  Kail'yal  (2 
syl.).  He  killed  Ar'vuhm  for  attempting 
to  dishonourhis  daughter,  and  thereby  in- 
curred the  "curse  of  Keha'ma  "(Arvalan'a 
father).  The  curse  was  that  water  should 
not  wet  him  nor  lire  consume  him,  that 
sleep  should  not  visit  him  nor  death 
release  him,  etc.  After  enduring  a  time 
of  agony,  these  curses  turned  to  Met 
Thus,  when  his  daughter  was  exposed  to 
the  lire  of  the  burning  pagoda,  he  was 
enabled  to   rescue  her,  because  hi    was 

"charmed  from  tire."  When  her  lover 
was  carrie, 1  !>y  the  witch  Lorrimite  (3 
lyl.)  to  the  city  of  Baly  under  the 
.  he  was  able  to  deliver  the  captive, 
because  he  was  "charmed  from  water, 
the  serpent's  tooth,  and  all  beasts  of 
blood."      He   could  even   descend   to   the 

infernal  regions  to  crave  vengeance 
against  Kehama,  because  "he  \wis 
charmed  sgainsl  death."    When  Kehama 

drank  the  cup  of  "immortal  death," 
I.adurlad  was  taken  to  paradise. — 
Southey,  The  Our*  of  Eehama  (1809). 

Lady  (A),  authoress  of  A  New  Sys- 
t>  in  «./'  Domestic  Cookery  (1808),  is  Mrs. 
Ruudell. 

Lady  (A),  authoress  of  The  Diary  of 
an  Ennw/e'e  (1826),  is  Mrs.  Anna  Jame- 
son. 

Several  other  authoresses  have  adopted 
the  same  signature,  a.s  Miss  Gunn  of 
Christchurch,    Conversations    un    Church 


Polity  (1833)  ;  Mrs.  Palmer,  A  Dialogm 
in  the  Devonshire  J  ■    .  )  ;  Miss  S. 

Fenimore   Cooper,    Bund  Hoars  (1854)  ; 
Julia  Ward,   Passion- flowers,  etc.  (1854); 
Miss  E.  M.  Sewell,  Amy  Herbert  i  ' 
etc. 

Lady  Bountiful  (-4).  The  benevo- 
lent lady  of  a  village  is  so  called,  from 
"lady  Bountiful"  in  the  BeaUS?  Stritvjem, 
by  Farquhar.     (Sec  BOVMTIPUL,  p.  125.) 

Lady  Freemason,  the  Hon.  Miss 
Elizabeth  St.  Leger,  daughter  of  lord 
Doneraile.  The  tale  is  that,  in  order  to 
i  dings  of  a  Freemason's 
lodge,  she  hid  herself  in  an  empty  clock- 
case  when  the  lodge  was  held  in  her 
father's  house  ;  but,  being  discovered,  she 
was  compelled  to  submit  to  initiation  as 
a  member  of  the  exalt. 

Lady  Magistrate,  lady  Berkley, 
made  justice  of  the  |  'iicester- 

shirc  by  queen  Miry.  She  sat  on  the 
bench  at  assizes  and  sessions  girt  with  a 
sword. 

Lady  Margaret,  mother  of  Henry 
VII.  bhe  founded  a  professorship  of 
divinity  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
1502;  and  a  preachership  in  both  uni- 
versities. 

Lady  in  the  Sacque.    The  nppa- 
ritioo  of  this  hag  forms  the  story  of  the 
tried  Chaanoi  r,  by  >ir  \V.  Bcott. 

Lady  of  England,  Maud,  daughter 
of  Henry  I.  The  title  of  Domin  <  Anglo- 
rum  was  conferred  upon  her  by  the 
council  of  Winchester,  held  April  7, 
1141. — See  Bymer'a  F<cJern,  i.  (1703). 

Lady  of  Lyons  ( The),  Pauline 
Deschappclles.   daughter   of   a  Lyon 

merchant.  She  rejected  the  suits  of 
Beauseant,  Clavis,  and  Claude  Melnotte, 
who  therefore  combined  on  vengean 
To  this  end,  Claude,  who  m  a  gar- 
dener's son,  aided  by  the  other  two, 
passed  himself  off  as  prince  Como, 
married  Paulina,  and  brought  her  home 
to  his  mother's  cottage.  The  proud 
beauty  was  very  indignant,  and  Claude 
left  her  to  join  the  French  army.  In 
two  years  and  a  half  he  became  a  colonel, 
and  returned  to  Lyons.  He  found  hia 
father-in-law  on  the  eve  of  bankruptcy, 
and  that  Beauseant  had  promised  to 
satisfy  the  creditors  if  Pauline  would  con- 
sent to  marry  him.  Pauline  was  heart- 
broken ;  Claude  revealed  himself,  paid 
the    money   required,  and   carried    home 


LADY  OF  MERCY 


529 


LADIES'  ROCK 


Pauline  as  his  loving  and  true-heart < id 
wife. — Lord  L.  13.  Lytton,  Lady  of  Lyons 
(1838). 

Lady  of  Mercy  (Our),  an  order  of 
knighthood  in  Spain,  instituted  in  1218 
bv  James  I.  of  Aragnn,  for  the  deliver- 
ance of  Christian  captives  amongst  the 
Moors.  As  many  as  400  captives  were 
rescued  in  six  j'ears  by  these  knights. 

Lady  of  Shalott,  a  maiden  who 
died  for  love  of  sir  Lancelot  of  the  Lake. 
Tennyson  has  a  poem  so  entitled. 

%*  The  story  of  Elaine,  "the  lily 
maiii  of  Astolat,"  in  Tennyson's  Idylls 
of  the  Kiny,  is  substantially  the  same. 

Lady  of  the  Bleeding   Heart, 

Ellen  Douglas.  The  cognizance  of  the 
Douglas  family  is  a  "bleeding  heart." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of  the  Lake  (1810). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (A),  a  harlot. 
(Anglo-Saxon,  lac,  "  a  present.")  A 
"  guinea-fowl "  or  "guinea-hen"  is  a 
similar  term. 

But  for  the  difference  marri.iKn  makes 
'TwUt  wives  and  "ladies  of  tin1  lake." 

S.  Butler,  Uudibrat.  iii.  1  (1678). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (The),  Nimue  [sic], 
one  of  the  damsels  of  the  lake,  that  king 
Pellinore  took  to  his  court.  Merlin,  in 
his  dotage,  fell  in  love  with  her,  when 
she  wheedled  him  out  of  all  his  secrets, 
and  enclosed  him  in  a  rock,  where  he 
died  (pt.  i.  60).  Subsequently.  Nimue 
married  sir  Pellets  (pt.  i.  81,  82).  (See 
next  art.) 

Re  upon  a  time  It  happened  that  Merlin  shewed 
Nimue  In  a  rock  whereas  was  a  >;rcat  wonder,  and 
wrouKlit  by  enchantment,  which  »mil  under  n  stone. 
Bo.  by  her  subtle  craft  and  working,  she  made  Merlin 
k<>  under  that  stone  .  .  .  and  so  wrought  thai  he  never 
came  out  again.  So  she  departed,  ami  left  Merlin. — Sir 
T.  Malory.  History  of  I'rince  Arthur,  L  60  (W70). 

%*  Tennyson,  in  his  Idylls  of  the  Km  / 
("  Merlin  and  Vivien"),  makes  Vivien 
Die  enchantress  who  wheedled  old  Merlin 
out  of  his  secrets;  and  then,  "in  a  hollow 
oak,"  she  shut  him  fast,  and  there  "he 
lav  as  dead,  and  lust  to  life,  and  use,  and 
Dame,  and  tame." 

This  stems  to  lie  an  error.  At  any  rate, 
it  ia  not  in  accordance  with  the  Mori 
d Arthur  of  ('ax  ton  renown. 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (Tin-),  Nimve.  It  is 
not  evident  from  the  narrative  whether 
Nineve  is  not  the  same  person  as  Nimue, 
stiil  that  one  of  the  two  (probably  the 

latter)  is  not  a  typographical  error. 

'',.■  Lad)  ,.r  U  i  i  ...■-.  to  il  »  i 
u"'..  klni   Irthur.  understood  bj   bar  nibtla  a 
I        v  I  .  and  there- 

lore  I  hi    I  at]  ..I  the  i->kr,  thai  blgbl  Nls*f», 

23 


the  forest  to  sock  sir  Launeelot  du  Lake.— Sir  T.  Malory. 
SMory  <■/  PrtMOt  Arthur.  11.  07  0*70). 

The  feasts  that  underground  the  faery  did  him  [A  rthttr] 

make, 
And  Uiere  how  he  enjoyed  the  Lady  of  the  Lake. 

Drayton,  l'olyolbion.  Iv.  (161JL 

Lady  of  the  Lai  Vivienne  (3 

syl.)  is  called  La  Uamt  da  Lie,  and 
dwelt  an  la  marche  de  I  i  iaigne. 

She  stole   Lancelot   in  his  u 
plunged   with   him    into  her   home  lake  ; 
hence  was  Lancelot  called  du  1.  VS.    Wlien 
her  prote'ye  was  grown  to  manhood,  she 
presented  him  to  king  Arthur. 

Lady  of  the  Lake  (The),  Ellen  Douglas, 
once  a  favourite  of  king  James ;  but 
when  her  father  fell  into  disgrace,  she 
retired  with  him  into  the  vicinity  of 
Loch  Katrine. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of 
the  Lake  (1810). 

Lady  of  the  Lake  and  Arthur's 
Sword.  The  Lady  of  the  Lake  gave  to 
king  Arthur  the  sword  "  Lxcalibur." 
"  Well,"  said  she,  "go  into  yonder  barge 
and  row  yourself  to  the  sword,  and  take 
it."  So  Arthur  and  Merlin  cami 
sword  that  a  hand  held  up,  and  took  it 
by  the  handles,  and  the  arm  and  hand 
went  under  the  lake  again  (pt.  i.  2o). 

This  Lady  of  the  Lake  asked  in  re- 
compense the  head  of  sir  Balin,  1 
he  had  slain  her  brother  ;  but  the  king 
refused  the  request.  Then  said  Balin, 
"  Evil  be  ye  found  !  Ye  would  have  my 
head  ;  therefore  ye  shall  lose  thine  own." 
So  saying,  with  his  sword  he  sm. 
her  head  in  the  presence  of  king  Arthur. 
— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Priaot 
Arthur,  i.  28  (1470). 

Lady  of  the  Mercians, 

or  El'llida.  daughter  of  king  Alfred. 
She  married  .Kthelrcd  chief  of  that  por- 
tion of  Mercia  not  claimed  by  the  i 

Lady  of  the  Sun,  Alice  Perrere 
(or  Pierce),  a  mistress  of  Edward  111.  of 

England.      She    was    a    married    woman, 

and    had   been    lady   of    the    hcd-chauihcr 

to  queen  PMlippa.     Edward  lavial 

her    both    lichefl   and   honours  ;   bul 
the  king  was  dying,  she  stole   his  ; 

and  even  the  rings  from  his  Hi 

Lady  with  a  Lamp,  Florence 
Nightingale  (1820-        ). 

On  England's  annals  .  .  . 

a  Lady  with  a  Lamp  .bail  stand  .  .  . 

Heroic  wuiii.ti. 

Longfollow,  Santa  /Venfim 

Ladies'  Rock,  Stirling  (Scotland) 
in  the  oa  Ik  hlD  i  •  I 

i  i.iuraar 
i>  edj  inin»  .  .  .  L.  a  small  lotky  .  .  . 
2    M 


LAERTES. 


530 


LAKE  POET3. 


mount  called  "  The  Ladies'  Hill."  where  the  fair  ones  of 
the  court  took  their  station  to  behold  these  feats.— 
Niinmu,  History  of  Stirlingthire,  282. 

Laer'tes  (3  syl.),  son  of  Polonius 
lord  chamberlain  of  Denmark,  and 
brother  of  Ophelia.  He  is  induced  by 
the  king  to  challenge  Hamlet  to  a 
•'friendly"  duel,  but  poisons  his  own 
rapier.  He  wounds  Hamlet ;  and  in  the 
ecuftie  which  ensues,  the  combatants 
change  SWOrdS,  and  Hamlet  wounds 
B,  so  that  both  die. — Shakespeare, 
et  (1596). 

Laer'tes  (3  syl.),  a  Dane,  whose  life 
Gustavus  Yasa  had  spared  in  battle.  He 
becomes  the  trusty  attendant  of  Chris- 
ti'na,  daughter  of  the  king  of  Sweden, 
and  never  proves  ungrateful  to  the  noble 
Swede.  —  II.  Brooke,  Gustavus  Yasa 
(1730). 

Laer'tes's  Son,  Ulysses. 

But  when  his  string  with  mournful  magic  tell 
What  din-  llhllllll  Lai  rtfcf  son  ttfi-ll. 
Tlic  streams,  meandering  thro'  the  maze  of  woe. 
Bid  sacred  sympathy  tbe  h> •  irt  o'wftow, 

Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  ill.  1  (1756). 

Lafou,  an  old  French  lord,  Bent  to 
conduct  Bertram   count  of    Rousillon   to 

the  king  of  France,  by  whom  he  was 
invited  to  the  royal  court. — Shakespeare, 
All's  Well  that  Ends  Well  (USB). 

Lafontaine  ( The  Danish),  Hans 
Christian  Andersen  (1806-1875). 

Lafontaine  of  the  Vaudeville. 
So  C.  F.  I'anard  is  called  (1691-1766). 

Lag'ado,  capital  of  Balnibarbi,  cele- 
brated for  its  grand  school  of  projectors, 
where  the  scholars  have  a  technical  edu- 
cation, being  taught  to  make  pincushions 
from  softened  granite,  to  extract  from 
cucumbers  the  sunbeams  which  ripened 
them,  and  to  convert  ice  into  gunpowder. 
— Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  (''Voyage  to 
Lapu'ta,"  1726). 

La  Grange  and  his  .friend  Du 
Croisy  pay  their  addresses  to  two  young 
ladies  whose  heads  have  been  turned 
by  novels.  The  girls  think  their  man- 
ners too  natural  to  be  aristocratic,  so  the 
gentlemen  send  to  them  their  lackeys,  as 
"the  marquis  of  Maacarille"  and  "the 
viscount  of  Jodelet."  The  girls  are  de- 
lighted with  their  "aristocratic  visitors  ;  " 
but  when  the  game  has  been  played  far 
enough,  the  masters  enter  and  unmask 
the  whole  trick.  By  this  means  the  girls 
axe  taught  a  most,  useful  lesson,  without 
Buffering  any  BeriouB  ill  consequences. — 
Moliere,  Lcs  Prtctcuses  Ridicules  (1669). 


Laider  (Donald),  one  of  the  prisoners 
at  Portanferry.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Man- 
nerinj  (time,  George  II.). 

Laila  (2  syl.),  a  Moorish  maiden,  of 
great  beauty  and  purity,  who  loved 
Manuel,  a  youth  worthy  of  her.  The 
father  disapproved  of  the  match  ;  and 
they  eloped,  were  pursued,  and  overtaken 
near  a  precipice  on  the  Gutfdalhorce  (4 
syl.).  They  climbed  to  the  top  of  the 
precipice,  and  the  father  hade  his  fol- 
lowers discharge  their  arrows  at  them. 
Laila  and  Manuel,  seeing  death  to  bt 
inevitable,  threw  themselves  from  the 
precipice,  ud  perished  in  the  fall.  It  is 
from  this  incident  that  the  rock  was 
called  "  The  Lotos'  Leap." 

And  (Ton  M "Ti-li  mnid  ran  tell 

well ; 
Ami  eu  n  >.iuth  who  pMMi  there, 

f..|    M:iliil(')\>  >"iil  :i  Dg  . 

BoutlM  t  la  tull.iil    17»8,  taken  from 

Marina,  lie  Id  l'<~,tt  de  In  t.nimorado*. 

Laila,  daughter  of  Okba  the  sorcerer.  It 
screed  that  either  Laila  or  Talaba 
must  die.  Talaba  refused  to  redeem 
his  own  life  by  killing  Laila;  and  Okba 
exultingly  cried,  "As  thou  hast  disobeyed 
the  voice  of  Allah,  God  hath  abandoned 
,d  this  hour  is  mine."  So  saying, 
he  rushed  on  the  youth  ;  but  Laila,  inter- 
vening to  protect  him,  received  the  blow, 
and  was  killed.  Talaba  lived  on,  and 
the  spirit  of  Laila,  in  the  form  of  I 
bird,  conducted  him  to  the  rimorg 
which  he  sought,  thathe  might  be  direct,  d 
u-I>aniel,  the  cavern  "under  the 
roots  of  the  ocean."- Southey,  Thalabathe 
Destroyer,  x.  (1797). 

La'is  (2  syl.),  a  generic  name  for  a 
courtezan.  Lais  was  a  Greek  hetaera, 
who  sold  her  favours  for  £200  English 
money.  "When  Demosthenes  was  told 
the  amount  of  the  fee,  he  said  he  had 
"no  mind  to  buy  repentance  at  such  a 

Erice."     One  of  her  great  admirers  was 
•iog'enC'S  the  cynic. 

Tills  Is  the  cause 

That  Lais  leads  a  lady's  life  aloft. 
G.  Gaacuigno,  The  Steele  Qla*  (died  1577) 

Lake  Poets  (The),  Wordsworth, 
Southey,  and  Coleridge,  who  lived  about 
the  lakes  of  Cumberland.  According  tn 
Mr.  Jeffrey,  the  conductor  of  the  Edin- 
burgh Renew,  they  combined  the  senti- 
mentality of  Rousseau  with  the  simplicity 
of  Kot/.ebue  and  the  homeliness  of  Cow- 
per.  Of  the  same  school  were  Lamb. 
Lloyd,  and  Wilson.  Also  called  "Lakers"' 
and  ('  LakistB." 


LA  K  EDI  ON. 


531 


LAMIRA. 


Laked'ion  (Tisaac),  the  name  given 
in  France  to  the  Wandering  Jew  (q.v.). 

Lalla  Rookh,  the  supposed  daughter 
of  Aurungzebe  emperor  of  Delhi.      She 

was  betrothed  to  Alms  sultan  of  Lesser 
Bucharia.  On  her  journey  from  Delhi 
to  Cashmere,  she  was  entertained  by 
Fer/amorz,  a  young  Persian  poet,  with 
whom  she  fell  in  love,  and  unbounded 
was  her  delight  when  she  discovered  that 
the  young  poet  was  the  sultan  to  whom 
she  was  betrothed. — T.  Moore,  Lalla 
Jiookh  (1817). 

Lambert  (General),  parliamentary 
leader. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

Lambert  (Sir  John),  the  dupe  of  Dr. 
CantweU  "the  hypocrite."  He  entertains 
him  as  his  guest,  settles  on  him  £400  a 
year,  and  tries  to  make  his  daughter 
Charlotte  marry  him,  although  lie  is  59 
and  she  is  under  20.  His  eyes  are  opened 
at  length  by  the  mercenary  and  licentious 
conduct  of  the  doctor.  Lady  Lambert 
assists  in  exposing  him,  but  old  lady 
Lambert  remains  to  the  last  a  believer 
in  the  "saint."  In  Moliere's  comedy, 
"Orgon"  takes  the  place  of  Lambert, 
"Mde,  Parnelle"  of  the  old  ladv,  and 
"Tartufre"  of  Dr.  Cantwell. 

Lady  Lambert,  the  gentle,  loving  wife 
of  air  John.  By  a  stratagem,  she  convinces 
her  husband  of  Dr.  Cantwell's  true  cha- 
racter. 

ncl  Lambert,  son  of  sir  John  and 
Lady  Lambert.  He  assists  in  unmasking 
"  the  hypocrite." 

Charlotte  Lambert,  daughter  of  sir  John 
bad  lady  Lambert.  A  pretty,  bright  girl, 
somewhat  giddy  and  fond  of  teasing  her 
sweetheart  Damley  (see  act  i.  1). — I. 
liickerstalf,  The  Hypocrite  (17C9). 

Lambourne  (Michael),  a  retainer  of 
the  earl  of  Leicester. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lambro,  a  Greek  pirate,  father  of 
Haidee  (q.v.). — Byron,  Don  J\um,  iii.  26, 
ate.  (1820). 

nfnw  that  our  >rnij«\ttiy  Is  most  excluM  1>7  the 
rolf-llke  suffering  of  Laiukro,  when  he  ai 

hh  own  doot  with  ■  it  ■  welcome," 
•hi  tin. l*  "the  Innocence  ol  that  sweet  child"  ihjIIuU-J.— 

Kin. leu,  Hyron  BtOUttU. 

%•  The  original  of  this  character  was 
major  Lambro,  who  was  captain  (1791) 
nt  a  Russian  piratical  squadron,  which 
plundered  the  islands  of  the  Greek 
Archipelago,  and  did  great  damage.  When 
Ins  aqoadjnn  was  attacked  by  even 
AJgerine    corsairs,    major    Lambro    was 


wounded,  but  escaped.  The  incidents 
referred  to  in  canto  vi.,  etc.,  are  historical. 

Lamderg  and  Gelchossa.  Gel- 
choBsa  was  beloved  by  I^amderg  and 
Dllin  son  of  Cairbar.  The  rivals  fought, 
and  Ulliu  fell.  Lamderg,  all  bleeding 
with  wounds,  just  reached  Gelchot 
announce  the  death  of  his  rival,  and  ex- 
pired also.  "Three  days  Geli  >• 
mourned,  and  then  the  hunters  found  lo-r 
cold,"  and  all  three  were  buried  in  one 
grave. — Ossian,  Fmgal,  ii. 

Lame  ( The). 

Jehan   de    Meung,    called    "Clopinri, 
because  he  was  lame  and  hobbled. 

Tyrta-us.  the  Greek  ['"ft,  was  called  the 
lame  or  hobbling  poet,  because  he  intro- 
duced   the   pentameter  verse  alternately 

with  the  hexameter.  Thus  his  distich 
consisted  of  one  line  with  six  feet  and 
one  line  with  only  five. 

The  .fume  King,  Charles  II.  of  Naples, 
Boiteux  (1248,  L289-1809). 

Lamech's  Song.  "  Ye  wives  of 
Lamech,  hearken  unto  my  speech  :  for  I 
have  slain  a  man  to  my  wounding,  and  » 
young  man  to  my  hurt  !  If  Cain  shall  be 
avenged  sevenfold,  truly  Lamech  - 
and  sevenfold." — Qen.  iv.  23,  24. 

As  Leniech  crew  otd,  his  eves  lu.*cnnie  dim.  nnd  finally 

«as  taken  from  them,  end  Tuhel-mln 
icil  him  by  ttie  hand  when  he  walked   inroad.    And  it 
came  to  pass  .  .  .  that  he  led  hi    Father  Into  tl  • 
hunt,  and  said  to  his  father  :  "  Lol  fonder  iu        .       I 
prey;  shoot  thine  arrow  In  that  direction."    lamech  did 
as  his  son  had  s|Kiken.  and  the  arrow  struck  Inn    Who 

dng  af.ir  i. if,  and  killed  hlnv  - 
Lamech  .  .  .  niw  [tu\   thai    ha   bad   Wil  d   I 
trembled  ezeeedlngfar,  .  -  blind,  i.e  viw  not 

his  no,  i  nt  struck  the  la.ls  bead  botwei 

m.  .  .  .  And  he  cried  to  bit  ■ 
Zill.ih,  "Listen  I  .....  I 

n  a  man  ta  mj  liurt.  and  a  child  to  mjr  wound- 
ingi"— 77i«  Talmud.  L 

Lamin'ak,     Basque     fairies,     little 

folk,  who  live  tinder  ground,  and 
times  come  into  houses  down  the  chimney, 
in  order  to  change  a  fairy  child  for  a 
human  one.  They  bring  good  luck  with 
them,  but  insist  on  great  cleanliness,  and 
always    give    their    orders    in   words    the 

very  opposite  of  their  intention.  They 
hate  church  tx  lis.  Every  Basque  fjtminak 
is  named  Guillen  (William).     (8e<    vw 

AND  Mi.an.  I 

Iinminsrjon.  a  follower  of  sir  G< 
PeveriL-  SirW.  Scott,  Pevtritoftht  f'ca* 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Ti.'iiiii'r:i.  wife  of  ("hamnerntl,  and 
daughter  of  Vertaigne'  (2  tyl.)  a  noble- 
man and  a  judge       Heaumont  and   Klet- 

.   .  txrtyer  ( HV47). 


LAMKIN.  532 


Larrikin  [Mrt.  Alice),  companion  to 
Mrs.  Bethune  Baliol.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Highland  Widow  (time,  George  II.). 

Lammas.  A  t  latter  Lamnvis,  never ; 
equivalent  to  Suetonius' s  "Greek  kalends." 

Lammikin,  a  blood-thirsty  builder, 
who  built  and  baptised  his  castle  with 
blood.  He  was  long  a  nursery  ogre,  like 
Lunsford. — Scotch  Ballad. 

Iiammle  (Alfred),  a  "mature  young 
gentleman,  with  too  much  nose  on  his 
face,  too  much  ginger  in  his  whiskers, 
too  much  torso  in  hifl  waistcoat,  too  much 
sparkle  in  his  studs,  his  eyes,  his  buttons, 
his  talk,  his  teeth."  He  married  Mi-s 
Akershem,  thinking  she  had  money,  and 
ehe  married  him  under  the  Mil 
lusion ;  and  the  two  kept  up  a  fine 
appearance  on  aotbing  at  all.  Alfred 
Lainmle  had  many  schemes  for  making 
money:  one  was  to  oust  Bokesmith  from 
his  post  of  secretary  to  Mr.  Rnflin,  and 
get  his  wife  adopted  by  Mrs.  Boffin  in  the 
place  of  Bella  Wilier;  but  Mr.  Boffin 
saw  through  the  scheme,  and  Lammle, 
with  his  wife,  retired  to  live  on  the  I  '"ti- 
tinent.  In  public  they  appeared  very 
loving  and  amiable  to  each  other,  but  led 
at  home  a  cat-and-dot:  life. 

Sophronia  Lammle,  wife  of  Alfred 
Lammle.  "A  mature  yonng  lady,  with 
raven  locks,  and  complexion  that  lit  up 
well  when  well  powdered." — C.  Dickens, 
Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Lamoracke  (Sir),  Lamkrockk,  I,a- 

MoKAKK,  LiAMOROUK,  or  La.maiikckk, 
one  of  the  knights  of  the  Hound  Table,  and 
one  of  the  three  most  noted  for  deeds  of 
prowess.  The  other  two  were  sir  Lau 
and  sir  'ri -;t ram.  Sir  Lamoracke's  father 
w  as  king  Pellinore  of  Wales,  who  slew  king 
Lot.  His  brothers  were  sir  Agiavale  and 
sir  Percival  ;  sir  Tor,  whose  mother  was 
the  wife  of  Aries  the  cowherd,  was  his 
half-brother  (pt.  ii.  108).  Sir  Lamoracke 
was  detected  by  the  sons  of  king  Lot  in 
adultery  with  their  mother,  and  they 
conspired  his  death. 

8lr  Gawain  ami  his  three  brethren,  »lr  Agrnwaln.  Fir 
GahSrii,  and  sir  Modre.1.  mat  liim  [sir  Lamoractti] In  a 
privy  place,  and  there  they  slew  his  horse;  thin  thi>jr 
fought  witli  hlni  on  foot  for  more  than  three  hours,  boUi 
lief.ire  liim  and  behind  his  hack,  and  all- 1< ■  bowed  him  in 
pieces.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  A  rthur.  ii.  144 
(1470). 

Roger  Aschnm  says:  "The  wliole  pleasure  of  l*a  Mort« 
tV Arthur  itandetb  in  lira  special  poyntes  :  in  open  man- 
slaughter and  bold  bawdy*,  in  which  h".>k.-  they  are 
Cuuuted  the  noblest  knights  thai  due  kill  most  men  with- 
out any  quarrel!,  ami  .- mil  foulest  adulteries  l>>  suites! 

shift**  :  as  Mr  Launceloie  with  tlie  wife  of  king  Arthur  bit 
r.  fir  TrUlnuu  with   the    wile  of    king  Muxke  bis 


LANCELOT. 

uncle,  and  sir  Lsmerorke  with  the  wife  of    tins   I<"** 
that  was  his  aunt.'' — It  orkt,  2fi4  (fourth  edit.). 

Lamorco'  (2  syl.),  a  woman  of  bad 
reputation,  who  inveigles  young  Mirabel 
into  her  house,  where  he  would  have  been 
murdered  by  four  bravoes,  if  Oriana, 
dressed  as  a  page,  had   not  been  by.-  - 


a  p.- 
r,  T, 


G.  Farquhar,  The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Lamourette's  Kiss  (A),  a  kiss  of 
peace  when  there  is  no  peace  ;  a  kiss  of 
apparent  reconciliation,  but  with  secret 
hostility.  On  July  7,  1792,  the  abbe 
Lamourette  induced  the  different  factions 
of  the  legislative  Assembly  of  France  to 
lay  aside  their  differences;  so  the  deputies 
of  tlie  Royalists,  Constitutionalists, 
Girondists,  Jacobins,  and  Orleanists, 
rushed  into  each  others'  arms,  and  the 
king  was  s>'nt  for,  that  he  might  see 
"how  these  Christiana  loved  one  another;" 
but  the  reconciliation  was  hardly  made 
when  tlie  old  animosities  burst  forth  more 
furiously  than  ever. 

Lampad'ion,  a  lively,  petulant 
courtezan.  A  name  common  in  the  later 
Greek  comedy 

Lam'pedo,  of  Lacedremon.  She  was 
daughter,  wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a 
king.  Agrippina  was  granddaughter, 
wife,  sister,  and  mother  of  a  king. — 
Tacitus,  Almoin,  xii.  22,  37. 

*«*  The  wife  of  Raymond  Ber'eager 
(count  of  Provence)  was  grandmother  of 
four  kin^s,  for  her  four  daughters 
married  four  kings:  Margaret  married 
Louis  IX.  king  of  France;  Eleanor 
married  Henry  III.  king  of  England; 
Sancha  married  Richard  king  of  the 
Romans;  and  Beatrice  married  Charles  I. 
king  of  Naples  and     cily. 

Lam'pedo,  a  country  apothecary-sur- 
geon, without  practice;  so  poor  and  ill- 
fed  that  he  was  but  "  the  sketch  and 
outline  of  a  man."     He  says  of  himself  : 

Altho'  to  cure  men  be  beyond  my  skill. 
Tut  hard,  indeed,  if  I  cm  t  keep  Ihem  ilL 

J.  Tobin,  TKt  Honeymoon,  111.  3  I18h4» 

Lamplugh  (  Will),  a  smuggler. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Jiedjauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Lance  (1  syl.),  falconer  and  ancient 
servant  to  the  father  of  Valentine  the 
gallant  vrho  would  not  be  persuaded  to 
keep  his  estate. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Wit  uitliout  Money  (1683). 

Lancelot  or  Launcelot  Gobho, 
servant  of  Shylock,  famous  for  his  soli- 
loquy whether  or  not  he  should  run  away 


LANCELOT  DU  LAC. 


633 


LANGUAGE. 


from  his  master. — Shakespeare,  Mercliant 
if  Venioe  CI  698). 

Tarleton  (15.W-1.W8I  vm  Inimitable  In  snrh  i*rt»  u 
"Launcelot,"  Hint  Touchstone"  in  At  Vau  Like  It.  In 
clowns'  pHrts  lit  never  liad  liia  equal,  and  never  will. — 
linker,  Chronicle!. 

Lancelot  du  Lac,  by  Ulrich  of 
Zazikoven,  the  most  ancient  poem  of  the 
Arthurian  series.  It  is  the  adventures 
of  a  young  knight,  gay  and  joyous  with 
animal  spirits  and  light-heartedness. 
(See  Launcki.ot.) — One  of  the  minne- 
tonga  of  Germany  (twelfth  century). 

Lancelot  du  Lac  and  Tarquin. 
Sir  Lancelot,  seeking  adventures,  met 
with  a  lady  who  prayed  him  to  deliver 
certain  knights  of  the  Round  Table  from 
the  power  of  Tarquin.  Coming  to  a 
river,  he  saw  a  copper  basin  hung  on  a 
tree  for  gong,  and  he  struck  it  so  hard  that 
it  broke.  This  brought  out  Tarquin,  and 
a  furious  combat  ensued,  in  which  Tarquin 
was  slain.  Sir  Lancelot  then  liberated 
three  score  and  four  knights,  who  had 
been  made  captives  by  Tarquin.  (See 
Launcklot.) — Percy,  Eeliques,  I.  ii.  9. 

Lancelot  of  the  Laik,  a  Scotch 
metrical  romance,  taken  from  the  French 
Launoelot  eht  Lac  Galiot,  a  neighbour- 
ing king,  invaded  Arthur's  territories,  and 

raptured  the  castle  of  lady  Melyhalt 
among  others.  When  sir  Lancelot  went 
to  chastise  Galiot,  he  saw  queen  Guine- 
vere, and  fell  in  love  with  her.  The 
French  romance  makes  Galiot  submit  to 
king  Arthur  ;  hut  the  Scotch  tale  termi- 
nates with  his  capture.  (See  Launch- 
lot.) 

Land  of  Beulali,  land  of  rest,  re- 
presenting thai  peace  of  mind  which  some 
erne  Christians  experience  prior  to  death 
i  /  nah  lxii.  •(). — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress, i.  (1G78). 

Land  of  Joy.  Worms,  in  Germany, 
was  so  called  by  the  minnesingers,  from 
its  excellent  wine. 

Landoy'da  ("the  desolation  of  the 
•wintry  "),  the  miraculous  banner  ox  the 
ancient  Danes,  on  which  was  wrought  a 
raven  by  the  daughters  of  Regner  Lod- 
brok.  It  was  under  this  banner  that 
Ilardrada  and  Tostig  attacked  Harold  at 
tin-  battle  of  Stamford  Bridge,  a  little 
before  the  battle  of  Senlac  |  U  •      ',/*)■ 

Landi    |  I  of   the)        Charle- 

magne showed  to  pilgrims  once  a  year 
the  relics  of  the  chapel  in  Aix-la-4  bapelle. 

Charles   ie    Chime  remove. 1    the    relics   to 

Tnris,  and  exhibited  them  once  a  year  in 


a  large  field  near  the  boulevard  St.  Denis 

JD'nee'].     A  procession  was  subsequently 
ormeil,  arid  a  fair  held  the  lirst  Mondav 
after  St.  Barnabas's  Day. 

Le  mot  Latin  imttctum  rigniftl  un  Jour  et  un  Ilea 
indi'/w^  |  ;•  e.      L'i,  i-liaii^e 

d'ahord  en  e,  le  fut  d^tiniiivrmeiit  en  a.  On  ill  d  lie 
tuccessivcjiuiit.  au  li.-u  i'iiulletum;  l'm-',rt'.  IVnJic 
I'aiulit,  et  tnfln  lnn,U.—  A.  Lhniuu,  /.'//orofcv;  t,  ' 

Landois  (Peter),  the  favourite  minis- 
ter of  the  duo  de  ISretagne.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Landscape  Gardening  (Father 
of),  Lenotre  (1613-1700). 

Lane  (Jaw),   daughter  of  T! 
and  sister  of  colonel  John  Lane.    To  save 
king    Charles     II.    after    the    battle    of 
Worcester,   she   rode   behind    him    from 
I'cntley,  in   Stafford  hire,  to  the  house 

of  her  cousin  Mrs.  Norton,  near  BlistoL 
For  this  act  of  loyalty,  the  king  granted 
the  family  the  following  armorial  device: 
A  strawberry  horse  suliant  (couped  at  the 
Hank),  bridled,  bitted,  and  garnished, 
supporting  between  its  feet  a  royal  CTOWfl 
proper.  Motto  :  Garde  le  roy. 
Lane  (The),  Drury  Lane. 

There  were  married  actresses  In  his  company  when  h« 
managed  the  Garden  and  afterwards  the  lime.  —  ltmyU 
liar  (W.  C.  Macrcady),  76  (1876|. 

Laneham  (Master  Robert),  clerk  of 
the  council-chamber  door. 

Laneham,  his  wife,  one  of  the 
revellers  at  Eenilworth  Castle. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  KenOvoorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Langeale  (The  kan  kdex  in 

the    covenanters'    army.  —  Mr    W.    Scott, 

Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  1L). 

Langloy  (Sir  Frederic':),  a  suitor  to 

Mi-s  VTere,  and  one  of  the  Jacobite  con- 
spirators with  the  laird  of  Ellieala* 
\\ .  Scott,   i  ar/(time,  Anne). 

LangOSta  (Duke  of),  the  Spanish 
nicknan  e  Loata  the  <  cted  king  of 
Spain.  The  word  means  "a  locust"  or 
"  plunderer." 

Language  (  T%$  Primm 
PsametichuB,  an  Egyptian  km.;. 

rtain  what   language   Nat  mo 

•  man,  shut   up  two  mlants  where 
DO   frord  was   ever   attend    m   their  hear- 

in  -.    \\  i..  q  bron  ht  l"  tore  the  kin 

.  u.  2. 

•  rick  11.  of  Sweden  tri< 
ex  peri 

.lames  IV.  of  Scotland,  in  the  Ml 

century,  shut   up  two  infants   m   the    [ak 

ot  [nchkeith,  «  ith  only  a  dumb  attendant 


LANGUAGE  CHARACTERISTICS.    534 


LAPUTA. 


to  wait  on  them,  with  the  same  object  in 
vtew. 

Language  Characteristics. 

Charles  Quint  used  to  say,  "  I  speak 
Oerman  to  my  horses,  Spanish  to  my 
household,  French  to  my  friends,  and 
Italian  to  my  mistress." 

The  Persians  say,  the  serpent  in  paradise 
spoke  Arabic  (the  most  suasive  of  all 
languages) ;  Adam  and  Eve  spoke  Per- 
sian (the  most  poetic  of  all  languages)  ; 
and  the  angel  Gabriel  spoke  Turkish  (the 
most  menacing  of  all  languages). — Char- 
din,  Travels  (1G8G). 

Language    given    to    Man  to 

Conceal  His  Thoughts.    Said  by 

Montrond,  but  generally  ascribed  to 
Talleyrand.     (See  Talleyrand.) 

Languish  (Lydui),  a  romantic  young 
lady,  who  is  for  ever  reading  sensational 
novels,  and  moulding  her  behaviour  on 
the  characters  which  she  reads  of  in 
books  of  fiction.  Hence  she  is  a  very 
female  Quixote  in  romantic  notions  of  a 
sentimental  type  (see  act  i.  2). — Sheri- 
dan, The  liivals  (1775). 

Mho   Mellon   [177S-1*17]  exiled   on  Sheridan,  and  ni 
rsque  ted    u>    runt    the   scents   of   Lvdla  Languish   and 
Mrs.   Ualaprop  from   Tl*  RlvaU.     She  fell   ft 
•ml  answered,  with  the  naive,  iinafrected   niauiK  r  which 

•lie  retained  through  Ufa,  "  1  dan  not.  sir;  I  would  rather 
read  to  all  KukI  and.  But  suppose,  sir,  jrou  do  dm  >he 
bonom  ol  reading  them  tn  ineT"  There  was  something 
ew  unossunring  and  childlike  In  the  re-piest.  tli.it  the 
manager  entered  Into  the  oddity  of  it,  and  read  to  her 
nearly  the  whole  play. — Buuden. 

Lan'o,  a  Scandinavian  lake,  which 
emitted  in  autumn  noxious  vapours. 

He  dwells  hy  the  writers  of  Lano,  which  sends  forth  the 
vapour  of  dentil. — (Mil,  The  \\  ar  q/  Init  Thon-i. 

Lanternize  (To)  is  to  spend  one's 
time  in  literary  trilles,  to  write  books, 
to  waste  time  in  "  brown  studies, M  etc. — 
Rabelais,  J'antaijrtu't,  v.  33  (1545). 

Lantern-Land,  the  land  of  authors, 
whose  works  are  their  lanterns.  The  in- 
habitants, called  "Lanterners"  (L'tntcr- 
nois),  are  bachelors  ami  masters  of  arts, 
doctors,     and      professors,     prelates    and 

divines  of  the  council  of  Trent,  and  all 
other  wise  ones  of  the  earth.  I  lere  are  the 
lanterns  of  Aristotle]  Epicures,  and  Aris- 
tophandtl  ;  the  tlark  eartlien  lantern  of 
EpictotOB,  the  duplex  lantern  of  Mai'.ial, 
and  many  others.  The  sovereign  was  a 
queen  when  Pantag'rueJ  visited  the  realm 
to  make  inquiry  about  the  "Oracle  of 
the  llolv  I'o.ttle." — Rabelais,  Patitajnul, 
v.  ;;j,  33  (1545). 

Lanternois,  pretenders  to  science, 
ttiacks  of  all  sorts,  and  authors  generally. 


They  are  the  inhabitants  of  Lantern- 
land,  and  their  literary  productions  are 
"lanterns." — Rabelais,  Panta-jruel,  v.  32, 
33  (1545). 

Laocoon  [La.ok'.o.on],  a  Trojan 
priest,  who,  with  his  two  sons,  was 
crushed  to  death  by  serpents.  Thomson, 
in  his  Liberty,  iv.,  has  described  the 
group,  which  represents  these  three  in 
their  death  agony.  It  was  discovered  in 
1606.  in  the  baths  of  Titus,  and  is  now 
in  the  Vatican.  This  exquisite  group 
was  sculptured  at  the  command  of  Titus 
by  A^esander,  Polydorus,  and  Atheno- 
dorus,  in  the  fifth  century  B.C. — Virgil, 
jEneid,  ii.  201-227. 

Laodami'a,  wife  of  Protesila'os  who 
was  slain  at  the  siege  of  Troy.  She 
prayed  that  she  might  be  allowed  to 
converse  with  her  dead  husband  for  three 
hours,  and  her  request  was  granted  ;  but 
when  her  husband  returned  to  hades,  she 
accompanied  him  thither. 

***  Wordsworth  has  a  poem  on  this 
subject,  entitled  Laodamia. 

Laodice'a,  now  Latakfa,  noted  for 
acco  and  sponge.  —  See  liev.  iii. 
14-18. 

Lapet  (Muni:.),  a  model  of  pol- 
troonery, the  rery  " Ercles'  Vein"  of 
d  cowardice,  M.  Lapet  would 
fancy  the  world  out  of  joint  if  no  one 
gave  him  a  tweak  of  the  nose  or  luir  of 
the  ear.  He  was  the  author  of  a  book  on 
the  "punctilios  of  duelling." — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  JYtos  Valour  or  The  Pas- 
Ifadmm  (1647). 

Lappet,  the  "^lory  of  all  chamber- 
maids."— H.  Fielding,  The  Miser. 

Lapraick  (Laurie),  friend  of  Stecnie 
Steenson,  in  wandering  Willie's  tale. — 

Sir  \V.  Scott,  Bod jauiitlct  (time,  <■ 
111.). 

Laprel,  the  rabbit,  in  the  bcast-cpic 
entitled  Eeyn  mi  the  Fox  (1498) 

Lapu'ta,  the  Hying  island,  inhabited 
by  scientific  quacks.  This  is  the  "  Lan- 
tern-land" of  Babelais,  where  wise  ones 
lantemized,  and  were  so  absorbed  in 
thought,  that  certain  attendants,  called 
'•  Flappers,"  were  appointed  to  flap  them 
on  the  mouth  and  ears  with  blown 
bladders,  when  their  attention  to  nuin- 
dane  matters  was  required. — Swift 
r's  Travels  ("  Voyage  to  Laputa/ 
1786). 


LARA. 


535 


LAST  MAX. 


Lara,  the  name  assumed  by  Conrad 
the  corsair  after  the  death  of  Medo'ra. 
On  his  return  to  his  native  country,  he 
was  recognized  by  sir  Ezzelin  at  the 
table  of  lord  Otho,  and  charged  home  by 
him.  Lara  arranged  a  duel  for  the  day 
following,  but  sir  Ezzelin  disappeared 
mysteriously.  Subsequently,  Lara  headed 
a  rebellion,  and  was  shot  by  Otho. — 
Byron,  Lara  (1814). 

Lara  (The  Seven  Sons  of),  sons  of 
Gonzalez  Gustios  de  Lara,  a  Castilian 
hero,  brother  of  Ferdinand  Gonzalez 
count  of  Castile.  A  quarrel  having  arisen 
between  Gustios  and  Rodrigo  Velasquez 
his  brother-in-law,  Rodrigo  caused  him 
to  be  imprisoned  in  Cor'dova,  and  then 
allured  his  seven  nephews  into  a  ravine, 
where  they  were  all  slain  by  an  ambus- 
cade, after  performing  prodigies  of  valour. 
While  in  prison,  Zaida,  daughter  of 
Almanzor  the  Moorish  prince,  fell  in  love 
with  Gustios,  and  became  the  mother  of 
Mudarra,  who  avenged  the  death  of  his 
seven  brothers  (a.d.  993). 

%*  Lope  de  Vega  has  made  this  the 
Bubject  of  a  Spanish  drama,  which  has 
several  imitations,  one  by  Mallelille,  in 
1836. — See  Ferd.  Denis,  Chroniques  Cheva- 
leresques  dCEspagne  (1839). 

Larder  (The  Dowjlas),  the  flour, 
meal,  wheat,  and  malt  of  Douglas  Castle, 
emptied  on  the  floor  by  good  lord  James 
Douglas,  in  1307,  when  he  took  the 
castle  from  the  English  garrison.  Hav- 
ing staved  in  all  the  barrels  of  food,  he 
next  emptied  all  the  wine  and  ale,  and 
then,  having  slain  the  garrison,  threw  the 
dead  bodies  into  this  disgusting  mess, 
"to  eat,  drink,  and  be  merry." — Sir  \V. 
Bcott,  Tales  of  a  Grandfather,  ix. 

Wallace's  Larder  is  a  similar  mess. 
Tt  consisted  of  the  dead  bodies  of  the 
garrison  of  Ardrossan,  in  Ayrshire,  casl 
into  the  dungeon  keep.  The  castle  was 
surprised  by  him  in  the  reign  of  Edward  1. 

Lardoon  (Lady  Bab),  a  caricature  of 
fine  life,  the  "  princess  of  dissipation," 
and  the  "greatest  gamesterof  the  times." 
She  becomes  engaged  to  sir  Charles 
Dupely,  and  says,  "to  follow  fashion 
wlure  we  feel  shame,  is  the  stron 
all  hypocrisy,  and  from  this  moment  1 
renounce  it."— — J.  Burgoyne,  The  Maid  of 
the  Oaks. 

La  Itoche,  a  Swiss  pastor,  travelling 
through  France  with  his  daughter 
Margaret,  was  taken  ill,  and  like  to  die. 
There    was   only    a  'vayside    inn    in   the 


place,  but  Hume  the  philosopher  heard 
of  the  circumstance,  and  removed  tke 
sick  man  to  his  own  house.  Here,  with 
good  nursing,  I. a  Roche  recovered,  and  a 
strong  friendship  Bprang  up  between  the 
two.  Hume  even 
to  his  manse  in  Berne.  After  tin-  1 
three  years,  Hume  was  informed  that 
Mademoiselle  was  about  to  be  married 
to  a  young  Swiss  officer,  and  hastened  to 
Berne  to  be  present  at  the  wedding.  »  »n 
reaching  the  neighbourhood,  he  ohf 
some  men  filling  up  a  grave,  and  found 
on  inquiry  that  Mademoiselle  had  just 
died  of  a  broken  heart.  In  fact,  her 
lover  had  been  shot  in  a  duel,  and  the 
shock  w-  s  too  much  for  her.  The  old 
pastor  bore  up  heroically,  and  Ilunio 
admired  the  faith  which  could  sustain  a 
man  in  such  an  atlliction. — II.  Mackenzie, 
"  Story  of  La  Roche  "  (in  The  Mirror). 

Lara,  the  emperor  or  over-king  of  the 
ancient  Etruscans.  A  khedive,  satrap, 
or  under-king,  was  called  lUcSmo.  Thus 
the  king  of  Prussia,  as  emperor  of 
Germany,  is  lars,  but  the  king  of  Bavaria 
is  a  lucumo. 

There  be  thirty  chosen  prophets. 

The  wi  est  <<(  the  land, 
Who  alway  by  Lara  Poreena, 

Both  morn  and  evening  Btaod. 

'Lord  afacaulay,  />iv«  a/  Anelant  n^n* 

.lilii."  ix..  1S42). 

Larthmor,  petty  sing  of  Ber'rathon, 

one  of  the  Scandinavian  islands.  Ho 
was  dethroned  by  his  son  Uthal,  but 
Fingal  sent  Ossian  and  Toscar  to  his  aid. 
Uthal  was  slain  in  single  combat,  and 
Larthmor  was  restored  to  his  throne. — 
Ossian,  Berrathon. 

Larthon,  the  leader  of  the  Fir-bolg 
or  Belgse  <>f  Britain  who  settled  in  the 
southern  parts  of  Ireland. 

Larthon.  the  Br*)  of  Bolga't  race  who  trareDed  In  the 
i 

toward!  rtraanu    InHall   [/raVni)     Don    I 
tolled  before  him,  with  it*  .-Ion-  et  n 
Mew    the  winds  .ind   rolloJ   hun   from  waro  to  ware.— 
iK-i.in.  rVmoro,  vii. 

Lascaris,  a  citizen. — Sir  W.    v 
Cuunt  Roberto/  Paris  (time,  Bufus). 

Las-Ca'saa,  a  noble  old  Spaniard 
who  vainly  attempted  to  pu(  ■  stop  to 
the  barbarities  of  his  countrymen,  and 
even  denounced  them  (act  L  l ).-  S 
dan,  Pizarro  (1799,  altered  from  K ota  - 
bue). 

Lascelles  (Lady  Caroline),  bu] 
to  he  Miss   M.  1'..  l'.raddon. — Atheiurwa. 
2078,  i'.  W  (C.  K.  .lackson). 

Last    Man   ( The),   Charles    I.  :    wi 


LAST  OF  THE  FATHERS. 


536 


LA  TON  A. 


called  by  the  parliamentarian*,  meaning 
the  last  man  <  wear  a  or 

'   bariCS    II.    was    tailed 
"The  Son  of  the  La«t  Man." 

Last  of  the  Fathers,  St.  liemard 
abbot  of  Cluirvaux  (1091-111 

Last  of  the  Goths,  Roderick,  the 
thirty-fourth  and  lust  of  the  Viaigothic 
line  of  kings  in  Spain  (-11-1-71 1).  He  «as 
dethioned  by  the  African  Moors. 

%*  Sontney  lias  en  historical  tale  in 
blank verae,  entitled  Modariok,  fas  i 
the  Cloths. 

Last  of  the  Greeks  (The),  I'hilo- 
poemen  of  Arcadia  (h.c.  L'53-183). 

Last  of  the  Knights,  Maximilian 
I.    the  emperor   of   Gennanv 

(1459,  1493-1619). 

Last  of  tho   Mo'hicans.    Uncas 

tlie    Indian     chief     is     ho     called     by     F. 
Cooper  in  his  novel  of  that  title. 

%*  The  wird  ought  to  be  pronounced 
Afo.hec'.kunz,  but  custom  has  ruled  it 
otherwise. 

Last  of  the  Romans,  Marcus 
Junius  Brutus,  one  of  the  assassins  of 
I  12). 

Gain  ngmus  is  so  called  by 

lirutns  (n.c.  *-A'l). 

Aetius,   a   general    who   defended    the 
Gauls  against  the  Frank?,  and  di 
Attila  in  161,  is  bo  ceiled  by  Pvoeo'pina, 

died   by  l'ope,  iflttmus 
fiomanus   (1670-1729). 

Homes     Walpole    is    called    Ultimus 
inorton  (1717  -1797). 

Francois  Joseph  Terrasse  Desbillons 
was  called  Ultwuts  Bomamu,  Crom  his 
elegant  and  pure  Latinity  (1751-1789). 

Last  of  the  Tribunes,  Cola  di 
Rienzi  (1818-16 

%*  Lord  Lytton  has  a  novel  so 
entitled  (188 

Last  of  the  Troubadours, 
Jacques  Jasmin  of  Gascony  (1798-1864). 

Last  who  Spoke  Cornish  (The), 
Doll  Fentreath  (lo8G-1777). 

Last  Words.  (See  Dying  Say- 
ings.) 

Lath'erum,  the  barber  at  the  Black 
Bear  inn,  si  Darlington. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
ii'oo  Jtoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Latbmon,  son  of  Xuiith  a  British 
prince.  He  invades  Morven  while  Fiogal 
is  in  Ireland  with  his  army  ;  but  Fingal 


returns  unexpectedly.  At  dead  of  night, 
gal's  sou)  and  his  friend  Gaul 
the  son  of  ItOTni  go  to  the  enemy's  camo, 
and  "  strike  the  shield "  to  arouse  the 
sleepers  j    thesi    rush    on,    and    a  ; 

slaughter  ensues  in  the  panic.     Latbmon 
ring  off,  and 
sends  a  challenge  ;    so  Ossian 

returns,  and  the  duel  begins.  Lathmon 
flings  down  his  SWOrd,  and  submits  ;  and 
Fingal,  coming  up,  conducts  Lathmon  to 
his  "feast  of  shell-."  After  passing  the 
night  in  bamiuet  and  song,  l-'ingal  dis- 
misses his  guest  next  morning,  saying, 
"  Lathmon,  retire  to  thy  place  ;  turn  thy 

battles  to  ■  ther  lands.    '1  be  rare  od 
ven  are  rei  .wind,  and  their  foes  are  the 
sons  of  the  unhappy." — Ossian,  Lai 
*,*  I  b  mtrodnced) 

and  Oithona  is  calleil  Ijithmon's  brother. 

-   *nrrwuA|   frur«l   tlie  n-turnlnff     Lathmon,    U»« 
bruUier  of  uiilm|>|  }  OUbona. — Otrlmn,  Oithona. 

Lat'imer  (Mr.  Batpk)t  the  supposed 
father  of  Darsie  Latimer,  alius  sir  Arthur 

.    ilias  sir  Arthur  Darsie 

.    BQ    be   the    son    of 

Balpn  Latimer,  but  really  the  son 
Henry  I  larsie  Redgamil 
of  sir    Redwald    Kedgauntlet. — Sir   \V. 
Scott,  Redgauntlft  (time,  George  III.). 

Latin   Church    (Assert   of   tie) 
Lactantius.    Hilary,  Ambrose  of  Milan, 
gustin    of    Hippo,    and    St. 
.  rd  "  ljist  of  the  Fathers." 

Lati'nus,    king   of   the    I-aurentians, 
who    first     •  I  DSrSS.     but    after- 

wards  formed  an  alliance  with  him,  and 
gave  him  his  daughter  I-avinia  in  mar- 
riage.— Yir 

'sett,  an  Italian,  who  went  with 
his  live  sons  to  the  siege  of  Jerusalem. 
His  eldest  son  was  slain  by  Solyman  ; 
Aramantrs,  running  to 
his  brother's  aid,  was  next  slain  ;  then 
the  third  son,  Subi'nus  ;  and  lastly  Picas 
and  Laurent;  s,  who  were  twins.  The 
father,  having  lost  his  live  6ons,  rushed 
madly  on  the  soldan,  and  was  slain  also. 
In  one  hour  fell  the  father  and  his  live 
sons. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Detieered  (1575). 

Latmian  Swain  (The),  Endymlon. 

So  called    because   it   was   on  mount  Lat- 
inos,   in   ('aria,   that    Cinthia    (the  nj.*/n\ 
nded  to  hold  converse  with  him. 

I.  Ctntfela.  Kom  tho  latinlan  nrnln 

Ovid,  Art  of  Low*.  H. 

Lato'rm,  mother  of  Apollo  (the  sun) 
and    Diana    (the   moon).     Some    Lycian 


LATORCH. 


537 


LAUXCELOT. 


hinds  jeered  at  her  as  she  knelt  by  a 
fountain  in  Delos  to  drink,  and  were 
changed  into  frogs. 

As  when  those  binds  that  were  transformed  to  frogs. 
Railed  at  Latona's  twin-hum  progeny. 
Which  after  hdd  the  sun  and  moon  in  fee. 

Milton,  Sonnctl. 

Latorch,  duke  Rollo's  "earwig,"  in 
the  tragedy  called  The  Blood]/  Brother, 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1(139). 

Latro  (Marcus  Fortius),  a  Roman 
rhetorician  in  the  reign  of  Augustus ;  a 
Spaniard  by  birth. 

I  became  as  mail  as  the  disciples  of  Porclus  I.atrn, 
who,  when  they  had  made  themselves  as  pale  as  their 
master  by  drinking  decoctions  of  cumin,  imagined  them- 
selves as  learned. — Le.age,  Oil  Mat,  vU.  s)  (lTlii). 

Laud  (Archbishop).  One  day,  when 
the  archbishop  was  pbont  to  say  grace 
before  dinner,  Archie  Armstrong,  the 
royal  jester,  begged  permission  of  Charles 
I.  to  perform  the  ofiice  instead.  The  re- 
quest being  granted,  the  wise  fool  said, 
''  All  praise  to  God,  and  little  Laud  to 
the  devil !  "  the  point  of  which  is  much 
increased  by  the  fact  that  the  archbishop 
was  a  very  small  man. 

Lauderdale  (The  duke  of),  president 
of  the  privy  council. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Laugh  (Jupiter's).  Jupiter,  we  are 
told,  laughed  incessantly  for  seven  days 
after  he  was  born. — 1'tol.  Hephaestion, 
Nov.  Hist.,  vii. 

Laugh  "where  you  Must,  be 
Candid  "where  you  Can. — J.  Bur- 
goyne,  The  Maid  of  the  Oaks,  i.  2. 

Laughing  Philosopher  (The), 
Democ'ritos  of  Abde'ra  (b.c.  4(50-357). 

%*  He  laughed  or  jeered  at  the  feeble 
powers  of  man  so  wholly  in  the  hands 
of  fate,  that  nothing  he  did  or  said  was 
uncontrolled.  The  "Crying  Philosopher" 
was  lleraclitos. 

Dr.  Jeddler,  the  philosopher,  who 
locked  upon  the  world  as  a  "great  prac- 
tical joke,  something  too  absurd  to  be 
considered  seriously  by  any  rational 
mar." — C.  Dickens,  J'he  Battle  of  Jjife 
(184G). 

Laughter  is  situated  in  the  midriff. 

Here  .*jn>rtful  laughter  dwells,  here,  eve*  slttim;. 
Defies  all  lumpish  griefs  and  wrinkled  tare 

l'h.  Pletcber,  /.,,•  purph  Wand  (1088). 

Laxujhter  (Death  from).  A  fellow  in 
rags  told  Chalchas  the  Boothsayer  that,  lie 
would  never  drink  the  wine  of  the 
growing  in  his  vineyard  ;  and  added, 
"  It'  these  words  do  nut  come  true,  you 
may  claim    me  for  your  slave."     When 


the  wine  was  m  .de,  Chalchas  made  a  feast, 
and  sent  for  the  fellow  to  see  how  hia 
prediction  had  failed  ;  and  when  he  ap- 
peared, the  soothsayer  laughed  so  im- 
moderately at  the  would-be  prophet  that 
he  died. — Lord  Lytton,  Talcs  of  Miletus, 
iv. 

Somewhat  similar  is  the  tale  of  An- 
caeos.  This  king  of  the  Lelegfe,  in 
Samos,  planted  a  vineyard,  but  was 
warned  by  one  of  his  slaves  that  he 
would  never  live  to  taste  the  wine  there- 
of. Wine  was  made  from  the  grapes, 
and  the  king  sent  for  his  slave,  and  sai  1, 
"What  do  you  think  of  your  prophecy 
now?"  The  slave  made  answer, 
"There's  many  a  slip  twist  the  cup  and 
the  lip  ;"  and  the  words  were  scarcely 
uttered,  when  the  king  rushed  from  table 
to  drive  out  of  his  vineyard  a  boat 
which  was  laying  waste  the  vines,  but 
was  killed  in  the  encounter. — Pausanias. 

Crassus  died  from  laughter  on  seeing 
an  ass  eat  thistles.  Margutte  the  giant 
died  of  laughter  on  seeing  an  ape  trying 
to  pull  on  his  boots.  Philemon  or  l'hi- 
loim-nf-s  died  of  laughter  on  siting  an 
ass  eat  the  tigs  provided  for  his  own 
dinner  (Lucian,  i.  2).  Zeuxis  died  of 
laughter  at  sight  of  a  hag  which  he  had 
just  depicted. 

Launay  (Vicomte  de),  pseudonym  of 
Mde.  Emile  de  Girardin  (ne'e  Delphine 
Gay). 

Launee,  the  clownish  sen-ant  of 
Protheus   one  of    the  two   "gentlemen 

of  Verona."  He  is  in  love  with  Julia. 
Launee  is  especially  famous  for  solilo- 
quies to  his  dog  Crab,  "the  Bourest- 
natured  dog  that  lives."  Speed  is  the 
serving-man  of  Valentine  the  other 
"gentleman."  —  Shakespeare,  The  Ticc 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1594). 

Launeelot,  bard  to  the  countess 
Brenhilda's  father.— sir  W.  Scott,  Ootmi 
Robert  of  Peoria  (time,  Kufus). 

Launeelot  (Sir),  originally  called  tiaia- 

bad,    was   the   son    of    I'.an    king   of    l>cn- 
wick  (Brittany)  and  his  wife  Klein  (pt.  i. 
('ill).       lie     was     stolen     in     infancy     \<y 
Vivienne    the    Lady    of  the    Lake,  who 
brought  him  up  nil  he  was  presented  to 
king  Arthur  and   knighted.      In  conse- 
quence, he  is  usually  called  sir  Launeelot 
tin  l.ae.       Be  Brae  in  "  the  eighth  degree 
[or  generation]  of  our  Saviour"  (pfe.  iii. 
was    ancle   to   sir    Bon    tie    (lanis 
j    (pt.  iii.  1)  ;  his  brother  was  sir   Botox  da 
I    Maris    (pt.    ii.    127)  ;    and    bis    son,  by 


LAUNCELOT. 


538 


LAUNCELOT. 


Elaine  daughter  of  kin_c  Pelles,  m  sir 
Galahad,  the  chastest  of  the  150  knights 
of  the  Round  Table,  and  therefore  al- 
lotted to  the  "Siege  Perilous"  and  the 
quest  of  the  holy  gneJL,  which  lie 
achieved.  Sir  Launcelot  had  from  time 
to  time  a  glimpse  of  the  holy  groal  ;  hut 
in  con6cquence  of  his  amours  with  queen 
Gnenever,  was  never  allowed  more  than 
a  distant  and  tlceting  glance  of  it  ([it.  iii. 
18,  22, 

Sir    Laoocelot   was   the   strongest  and 

I  knights  of  tii.-  Round 

Table;    the  two  next  were  sir  Tristram 

and   sir   Lamoracke.      His   adultery   with 

queen  Gueneverwaa  directly  or  indirectly 

the  CMUM  of  the  death  of  kin:;  Arthur, 
the  breaking  up  of  the  Bound  Table,  and 
the  death  of  most  of  the  knights.  The 
tale   runs    thus:     Biordl  ravain 

dl  Launcelot,  told  the  kin„'  he  was 

miliar  with  the  queen,  and,  in  order 

to   make  g 1  their  charge,    pen 

Arthur  to  go  a-hunting.  While  absent  in 
I  |  -it  for  sir  Launce- 

lot   to  her  private   chamber,  wh. 
dred,  Agravain,  and  twelve  other  knights 

the  door,  and  commanded  him  to 
come  forth.  In  coining  forth  he  slew 
lil  Agravain  and  the  twelve  knights; 
but  Monlred  escaped,  and  told  the  king, 
who  condemned  Gnenever  to  be  burnt  to 

death.      She   was    brought    to    the   stake, 

but  rescued  by  sir  Launcelot,  who  carried 
h.-r  ofl  to  Joyous  Guard,  near  Carlisle. 
The  king  besieged  the  castle,  but  received 
a  bull  from  the  pope,  commanding  him  to 
take  back  the  queen.  Tins  he  did,  but 
refused  to  be  reconciled  to  sir  Launcelot, 
who  accordingly  left  the  realm  and  went 
to  Benwick,  Arthur  crossed  over  with  an 
army  to  besiege  Benwick,  leaving  Ifor- 
dred  regent.  The  traitor  Uordred  usurped 
rown,  and  tried  to  make  the  queen 
marry  him;  but  she  rejected  bis  pro- 
posal with  contempt.  When  Arthur 
heard  thereof,  he  returned,  and  fought 
three  battles  with  his  nephew,  in  the 
,  which  Mordred  was  slain,  and 
the  king  received  from  his  nephew  his 
death-wound.  The  queen  now  retired  to 
the  convent  of  Almesbury,  where  she 
was  visited  by  sir  Launcelot ;  but  as  she 
1  to  have  the  envent,  sir  Launce- 
lot turned  monk,  died  "in  the  odour  of 
ganctitv,"  and  was  buried  in  Joyous 
Guard  "(pt.  iii.  113-175). 

*•  Ah  I  sir  Launcelot,"  said  «lr  btOT)  "  thnu  wore  fWr] 
head  of  nil  Christian  kn'jdiH."    "  1  ilure  w  ,"«iid  all  lv..r», 
'•  tlint  sir   Lnuncolot   there  thnu  Heat,  thou   Wi 
■astcbadot  none  earthly   knLtht'*  hand  :  and  thou  wire 
Ibecourteoustkulght  that  ever  bare  shield  .  and 


the  tniart  friend  to  thy  lover  that  ever  bestrode  bona  I 
an  1  tliuii  were  the  truest  lover  of  sinful!  man  that  erel 
loved  woman  ;  and  thou  wer<- the"  WinJet  man  Uiat  *ve» 
struck  with  sword;  and  thou  were  the  g.»«ll:e<t  person 
th.it  cer  cama  among  press  of  knights;  and  thou  were 
the  meekest  man  and  the  genUest  that  ever  eat  In  hall 
among  ladies  ;  and  thou  were  the  sternest  knight  to  thy 
mortal  foe  that  evir  put  spear  In  rest"— Sir  T.  JlaJory. 
JJuUory  of  Prince  Arthur ,  ill.  176  (1470). 

N.I'.. —  The  Elaine  above  referred  to  is 
not  the  Elaine  of  Astolat,  the  heroine-  of 
Tennyson's  Idyll.  Sir  BetoC  de  Maris  is 
not  sir  BctOf  the  foster-father  of  kin:,' 
Arthur;  and  -ir   I  is  must  be 

kept,  distinct  from   -ir   Bon  of  (Jaul,  and 

also  bom  sir  Bom  or  sir  Bon  ■  i 
son  of  king  Arthur  by  Lyonora  da 
Of  the  earl  Sanain  (pt.  i.  15). 

at  ami  Elcrimt.     The  Elaine 
of    Tennyson's    Idyll,     called    the 
maid  the   daughter  of 

lat,  and  her  two 
brothers  were  sir  Tirre  (not  sir  Torre,  as 
Tennyson  writes  the  word)  and  Lavaine 
(pt.  iii.  121).  The  whole  tale,  and  tho 
beautiful  picture  of  Elaine  propelled  by 
the  old  dumb  servitor  down  the  river  to 
the  kind's  palace,  is  all  borrowed  from 
sir  T.  Malory's  compilation.  "The  fair 
.  sir  Launcelot  to 
marry  her,  but  the  knight  replied,  "  Fair 

.  I  thank  you,  but  certainly  ca-t 
in-  never  to  be  married;"  and  when  tho 
maid  asked  if  she  might  be  erer  with 
him  without  being  wed,  he  made  ai 

v    defend    me,    no  !  "     "  Then," 

said  Klaine,  '•  I  need-  must  die  for  love  of 

and  when  sir  Launei 
Astolat,  she  drooped  and  died.  Hut  before 

she  died  she  called  her  brother,  sir  Tirre 

(not  sir  Laoatna,  as  Tennyo 

cause  sir  Lavaine  went  with  .-ir  Launcelot 

as   his    'aguire),    and    dictated    the 

that  her  bruther  was  to  write,  and  spake 

thus : 

"  Wlille  my  body  b  whole,  let  this  letter  be  pot  Into  my 
right  hand,  and  my  hand  bound  fast  with  the  letter  until 
that  I  be  Mid,  and  let  me  Iw  put  Ir.  a  fair  bed,  with  all 
my  richest  clothes  .  .  .  and  be  laid  In  a  chariot  to  Uie 
neit  place,  whereas  the  Thames  la,  and  there  let  me  be 
put  In  a  barge,  and  but  one  .nan  with  me  ...  to  steer 
DM  thtthar,  ami  tluit  my  beiye  be  covered  with  bunk 
samite  "...  So  her  father  granted  .  .  .  that  all  tlci 
should  be  done,  .  .  .  and  -he  died.  And  so.  whin  she 
was  dead,  the  corpse  and  the  bed  .  .  .  were  put  In  a 
barge,  .  .  and  the  man  steered  the  barge  to  Westmin- 
ster.—l'L  UL  143. 

The  narrative  then  goes  on  to  say  thai 
king  Arthur  had  the  letter  read,  and 
commanded  the  corpse  to  be  buried  right 
royally,  and  all  the  knights  then  present 
made  offerings  over  her  grave.  Not  only 
the  tale,  but  much  of  the  verbiage  hag 
been  appropriated  by  the  laureal 
T,  Malory,  History  of  Prima  Arthur 
(1470). 


LAUNCELOT. 


539 


LAURA. 


Launcelot  and  Gueneoer.  Sir  Launce- 
lot  was  chosen  by  king  Arthur  to  conduct 
Gucnever  (his  bride)  to  court ;  and  then 
began  that  disloyalty  between  them 
which  lasted  to  the  end.  Gottfried,  the 
German  minnesinger  (twelfth  century), 
who  wrote  the  tale  of  sir  Tristan  [our 
Tristram],  makes  king  Mark  send  Tris- 
tan to  Ireland,  to  conduct  Yseult  to 
Cornwall,  and  then  commenced  that  dis- 
loyalty between  sir  Tristram  and  his 
uncle's  wife,  which  also  lasted  to  the  end, 
and  was  the  death  of  both. 

Launcelot  Mad.  Sir  Launcclot,  having 
offended  the  queen,  was  so  vexed,  that  he 
weut  mad  for  two  years,  half  raving  and 
half  melancholy.  Being  partly  cured  by 
a  vision  of  the  holy  graal,  he  settled 
for  a  time  in  Joyous  Isle,  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Le  Chevalier  Mal-Fet. 
His  deeds  of  prowess  soon  got  blazed 
abroad,  and  brought  about  him  certain 
knights  of  the  Round  Table,  who  pre- 
vailed on  him  to  return  to  court.  Then 
followed  the  famous  quest  of  the  holy 
graal.  The  quost  of  the  graal  is  tho 
subject  of  a  minnesong  by  Wolfram 
(thirteenth  century),  entitled  Parzival. 
(In  the  History  of  1'rince  Arthur,  com- 
piled by  sir  T.  Malory,  it  is  Galahad  son 
of  sir  Launcelot,  not  Percival,  who  ac- 
complished the  quest.) 

%*  The  madness  of  Orlando,  by 
Ariosto,  resembles  that  of  sir  Launcelot. 

Launcelot  a  Monk.  When  sir  Launcelot 
discovered  that  Guencvcr  was  resolved  to 
remain  a  nun,  he  himself  retired  to  a 
monastery,  and  was  consecrated  a  hermit 
by  the  bishop  of  Canterbury.  After 
twelve  months,  he  was  miraculously 
summoned  to  Almesbury,  to  remove  to 
Glastonbury  the  queen,  who  was  at  the 
point  of  death.  Gucnever  died  half  an 
hour  before  sir  Launcelot  arrived,  and 
he  himself  died  soon  afterwards  (pt.  iii. 
174).  The  bishop  in  attendance  on  the 
dying  knight  affirmed  that  "he  saw 
angels  heave  sir  Launcelot  up  to  heaven, 
ami  the  gates  of  paradise  open  to  receive 
him  "  (pt.  iii.  I7.r>).  Sir  Bors,  his  nephew, 
discovered  the  dead  body  in  the  cell,  and 
had  it  buried  with  all  honours  at  Joyous 
fiuard   (pt.  iii.    17,r)).— Sir.   T.    Malory, 

History  of  Prince  Arthur  (1470),  and  also 
U  alter  Biapes. 

When  »lr  l'.urs  unci  Iii*  fellows  enmo  to  liU  («lr  I.iumv. 
»i'    bed   Hi.  j  found  him  Mark  dead,  aud  be  I 
Md tmJled, aud  thenreeUwi  favour  nbout  him  thai  arec 
§Mr •mailed.— Sir  T.  Malory,  Uittorv  of  rrince  Arthur, 
<*L  176  iwr«). 

N.I!. — Sir  Launcelot  intended,  when 
be  quitted  the  «ourt  of   Arthur  and  re- 


tired to  Benwick,  to  found  religion* 
houses  every  ten  miles  between  Sand- 
wich and  Carlisle,  and  to  visit  every  one 
of  them  barefoot ;  but  king  Arthur  made 
war  upon  him,  and  put  an  end  to  this 
intention. 

%*  Other  particulars  of  sir  Launcelot. 
The  tale  of  sir  Launcelot  was  first  com- 
posed in  monkisli  Latin,  and  was  trans- 
lated by  Walter  Mapes  (about  1180). 
Robert  de  Borron  wrote  a  French  version, 
and  sir  T.  Malory  took  his  History  of 
Prince  Arthur  from  the  French,  the  third 
part  being  chiefly  con  lined  to  the  adven- 
tures and  death  of  this  favourite  knight. 
There  is  a  metrical  romance  called  La 
Clmrrette,  begun  by  Chrestiens  de  Troves 
(twelfth  century),  and  finished  by  Geof- 
frey de  Ligny. 

Laun'celot,  the  man  of  Mons.  Thoma^. 
(See  Lancelot.)— Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Mons.  Thomas  (1619). 

Launfal  (Sir),  steward  of  king 
Arthur.  Detesting  queen  Gwennere,  he 
retired  to  Carlyoun,  and  fell  in  love  with 
a  lady  named  Tryamour.  She  ^nvc  him 
an  unfailing  purse,  and  told  him  if  ho 
ever  wished  to  see  her,  all  he  had  to  do 
was  to  retire  into  a  private  room,  and  she 
would  be  instantly  with  him.  Sir  Launfal 
now  returned  to  court,  and  excited  much 
attention  by  his  great  wealth.  I 
nero  made  advances  to  him,  but  he  told 
her  she  was  not  worthy  to  kiss  I 
of  the  lady  to  whom  he  was  devoted. 
At  this  repulse,  the  angry  queen  com- 
plained to  the  king,  and  declared  to  him 
that  she  had  been  most  grossly  insulted 
by  his  steward.  Arthur  hade  sir  Launfal 
produce  this  paragon  of  women.  On 
her  arrival,  sir  Launfal  was  allowed  to 
accompany  her  to  the  isle  of  Ole'ron  ; 
and  no  one  ever  saw  him  afterwards. — 
Thomas  Chestre,  Sir  Launfal  (a  metrical 
romance,  tune,  Henry  \  I .  . 

*+*  James  Russell  Lowell  has  a  poem 
entitled  Tks  Piston  of  Sir  Launfal. 

Laura,  niece  of  duke  Gondibert, 
loved  by  two  brothers,  Arnold  and  Hugo, 
the    latter    dwarfed    in    stature.       Laura 

herself  Loved  Arnold  ;  but  both  brothers 

were  slain  in  the  faction  light  stirred  up 
by  prince  Oswald  against  duke  Gondi- 
bert,  his  rival   in  the   love  of  Rhodalind 

only  child  of  Arihert  king  of  Lombardv 
<)n  the  death  of  Arnold  and  Hugo,  Ijiuri 
became  attached  to  Tybalt.    As  tJ 
was  never  finished,   ■\w  have  no  key  to 
the  pott's  intention  respecting  Laura  and 


LAURA. 

Tybalt.— Sir  Wm.  Davenant,  Gondibcrt 
(died  16C8). 

Laura,  a  Venetian  lady,  who  married 
Beppo.  Beppo,  being  taken  captive, 
turned  Turk,  joined  a  band  of  pirates, 
and  grew  rich.  He  then  returned  to  his 
wife,  made  himself  known  to  her,  and 
"  had  his  claim  allowed."  Laura  is 
represented  ae  a  frivolous  mixture  of 
millinery  and  religion.  She  admires  her 
husband's  turban,  and  dreads  his  new 
religion.  "Are  you  really,  truly  now  a 
Turk?"  she  say's.  "  Well,  that's  the 
prettiest  shawl  !  Will  you  give  it  me  ? 
They  say  you  eat  no  pork.  lib 
Did  I  ever  ?  No,  1  never  saw  a  man 
grown  so  yellow!  How's  your  liver?" 
and  so  she  rattles  on. — Byron,  J-jj-j 
(1820). 

Wa  never  read  of  Laura  without  being  reminded  of 
Addison's  IXiMrctionaf  u  Coquttlet  Ur>irt,  In  tbe  endleaa 
Intricacies  of  which  nothing  could  be  distinctly  made  nut 
but  Uie  linage  of  a  flame-coloured  hood.— r  uideu.  byron 
Btautiet. 

Laura  and  Petrarch.  Some  say 
La  belie  Law*  was  only  an  hypothetical 
name  used  by  the  poet  to  hang  the  inci- 
dents of  his  life  and  love  on.  If  a  real 
person,  it  was  Laura  de  Noves,  the  wife 
of  Hugues  de  Sade  of  Avignon,  and  she 
died  of  the  plague  in  1 1 

Think  yon.  If  Laura  had  l>een  Petrarch's  wife, 
liu  would  have  written  sonnets  all  his  life? 

Myron,  /Am  Juan,  111.  8  (UO0). 

Laurana,  the  lady-love  of  prince 
Panamas  of  Bohemia. — Emanuel  Foord, 
The  History  of  Pariemtu  (1598). 

Laureate  of  the  Gentle  Craft, 

Hani  Sachs,  the  cobbler-pod  of  Nurem- 
berg.    (See  Twi.i.vr:  Wish  MASTERS.) 

Laurence  (Friar),  the  good  friar 
who  promises  to  many  Borneo  and 
Juliet.  He  supplies  Juliet  with  the 
sleeping  draught,  to  enable  her  to  quit 
her  home  without  arousing  scandal  or 
suspicion.  (See  Lawbjchcb.)  —  Shake- 
speare, Borneo  and  Juliet  (l.r>'.»7). 

Laurringtons  {The),  a  novel  by 
Mrs.  Trollopc,  a  satire  on  "  superior 
people,"  the  bustling  Bothebys  of  so- 
ciety (1843). 

Lauzun  (The  duke  de),  a  courtier  in 
the    court  of    Lonia   Xl\'.      Licentiona, 

light-hearted,  unprincipled,  and  extrava- 
gant. In  order  to  make  a  market,  he 
supplanted  ■  La    Valliere    by    Mde.    de 

Honteapan  in  the  kind's  favour.     M 

pan  thought  he  loved  her;  but  when  he 
proposed  to  La  Valliere  the  discarded 
favourite,  Moutespan  kicked   him  over. 


MO  LAVINIA. 


The  duke,  in  revenge,  persuaded  the 
kin^'  to  banish  the  lady,  and  when  La 
Valliere  took  the  veil,  the  king  sent  Mde. 
de  Montespan  this  cutting  epistle : 

We  do  not  blame  you  ;  blame  belongs  to  Ion. 
And  love  had  nought  with  you. 
The  duke  de  Lausua.  of  these  lines  the  bearer, 
OonftmM  their  purport.    From  our  royal  court 
We  do  excuse  your  presence. 

Lord  IL  L>  B.  Lytton,  Th*  InteKut  d*  I* 
Vailurrt.  v.  5  (1S361 

Lavaino  (Sir),  brother  of  Elaine,  and 
son  of  the  lord  of  As'tolat.  Young,  brave, 
and  knightly.  He  accompanied  sir 
Lancelot  when  he  went  to  tilt  for  the 
ninth  diamond. — Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the 
Emq  ("  Elaine"). 

Lavalette  (3  syl.),  condemned  to 
death  for  loading  to  Napoleon  secret 
intelligence  of  Government  despatches. 
He  was  Bet  at  liberty  by  his  wife,  who 
took  his  place  in  prison,  but  became  a 
confirmed  lunatic. 

L<>rd  Nithsdale  escaped  in  a  similar 
manner  from  the  Tower  of  L»ndon.  His 
wife  disguised  him  as  her  maid,  and  he 
passed  the  sentries  without  being  de- 
tected. 

La  Valliere  (Louise  duchess  de). 
betrothed   to    the  manmis   de   Bra 

,   but   in    love  with   Louis    \1V., 
whose  mistress  she  became.     Com 
accused  her,  and  she  lad  to  a  sou  vent1  ; 
but  the   kin_'  took   her  out,  and   brought 

Ycr  allies.      He  soon  forsook   her 
for    .Mde.    de    Montespan,    and    advised 

hex   to    many.     Thii  almost 

broke  her  heart,  and  she  said,  "  I  will 
choose  a  bridegroom  without  delay." 
Accordingly  she  book  the  veil  of  a  Car- 
melite nun,  and    . 

i   monk.      Mde.  de  bfonl 
was    banished    from    the    court    by    the 
capricious     monarch.  —  Lord     E.     L.    H. 
Lytton,  f.'u  .  .t  WiUiire  (l&i<~>). 

Lavonder's  Blue 

"  Lavender's  blue,  little  finger,  rosemary's  green. 

1  mi  king,  Utile  fin.er,  you  shall  be  queen. " 
ltd  you  so.  thunihy!    Tbumby,  who  told  yow  ■>!" 
"Twas  tuy  own  heart,  li tile  finger,  that  told  me  so." 

"  When  you  are  dead,  little  finger,  at  It  may  bap. 
You  shall  be  busied,  little  Bans',  under  the  tap. 
"For  wliyT  for  *hv,  tnumliy  t     Thuniby.  for  why?" 
"  That  you  may  drink,  Utile  finger,  when  you  are  dry." 
A  ft  Old  Xurtery  IHUf. 

Lavin'ia,  daughter  cf  Latinus,  De- 
trot  h«<d  to  Turnus  king  of  the  But  uli.  When 
,En«'as  landed  in  Italy,  Litinus  made  an 
alliance  with  him,  and  promised  to  _;ive 
him  Lavinia  to  wife.  This  brought  on  a 
war  between  Turnus  ami  vEneas,  that  ww 
decided  by  single  combat,  in  which  /Enr-ai 
was  Uie  victor.    -Virgil,  yKt*-ui. 


LAVINIA. 


541 


LAW'S  TALE. 


Lavir'ia,  daughter  of  Titus  Andron'- 
icua  ::  Roman  general  employed  against 
the  Goths.  She  was  betrothed  to  Bassia'- 
nus,  brother  of  Saturnius  emperor  of 
Rome.  Being  defiled  by  the  sons  of 
Tam'ora  queen  of  the  Goths,  her  hands 
were  cut  off  and  her  tongue  plucked  out. 
At  length  her  father  Titus  killed  her, 
saying,  "  I  am  as  woeful  as  Virginius  was, 
and  have  a  thousand  times  more  cause 
than  he  to  do  this  outrage." — (V)  Shake- 
speare, Titus  Andron'icus  (1593). 

In  the  play,  Andronicus  is  always 
called  An.dron'.i.kus,  but  in  classic 
authors  it  is  An.dro.ni'. kits. 

Lavin'ia,  sister  of  lord  Al'tamont,  and 
wife  of  Horatio. — N.  Rowe,  The  Fair 
Penitent  (1703). 

Lavinia  and  Pale'mon.  Lavinia 
was  the  daughter  of  Acasto  patron  of 
1'alemon,  from  whom  his  "liberal  fortune 
took  its  rise."  Acasto  lost  his  property, 
and  dying,  left  a  widow  and  daughter  in 
v^ry  indigent  circumstances.  Palemon 
often  sought  them  out,  but  could  never 
find  them.  One  day,  a  lovely  modest 
maiden  came  to  glean  in  Palemon's 
lelds.  The  young  squire  was  greatly 
struck  with  her  exceeding  beauty  and 
modesty,  but  did  not  dare  ally  himself 
with  a  pauper.  Upon  inquiry,  he  found 
that  the  beautiful  gleaner  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Acasto ;  he  proposed  marriage,  and 
Lavinia  "blushed  assent." — Thomson, 
Seasons  ("Autumn,"  1730). 

%*  The  resemblance  between  this  tale 
and  the  Bible  story  of  Ruth  and  Boaz 
must  be  obvious  to  every  one. 

Lavinian  Shore  {The),  Italy.  La- 
vinium  was  a  town  of  Latium,  founded 

by  vKue'as  in  honour  of  his  wife  Lavinia. 

From  Uie  rich  [Avinian  shore, 
1  your  market  come  to  store. 

Shakespeare. 

Law  of  Athens  ( The).  By  Athe- 
nian law,  a  father  could  dispose  of  his 
daughter  in  marriage  as  he  liked.  EgSus 
pleaded  this  law,  and  demanded  that  his 
daughter  llermia  should  marry  Demetrius 
or  suffer  the  penalty  of  the  law ;  if  she 
will  not 

Consent  to  marry  with  Demetrius, 
I  b*-n  the  ancient  privilege  of  Athens  ; 
As  she  Is  mine,  I  may  diipoM  of  her  : 
Which  shall  lw  cither  to  thb  gentleman, 
Or  to  her  death  ;  according  to  OUT  1  NT. 

Shakespeare,  Htdiummer  Siiht't  Dream, 
act  L  sc  1  (15MJ). 

Law  of  Flanders  (The),  diaries 
"  the  Good,"  earl  of  Flanders  made  a  law 

that  a  serf,  unless  legally  emancipated,  was 


always  a  serf,  and  that  whoever  married 
a  Ben  became  a  serf.  S.  Knowles  has 
founded  his  tragedy  called  The  Provost  of 

/•V"  jes  on  this  law  (1  - 

Law  of  Lombardy  ( Tlie). 

We  have  a  law  peculiar 

That  Stlbjecta  to  a  m   rud  penally 

All  women  nobly  bom  .  .  .  who.  to  the  shaixM 

Of  chastity,  o'erleap  ita  thorn) 

To  wanton  In  the  llowery  patn  ul  pleasure. 

Act  IL  X 

On  this  law  Robert  Jephson  has  founded 

the  following  tragedy  :  The  duke  Bire'no, 
heir  to  the  crown,  falsely  charges  the 
princess  Sophia  of  incontinence.  The 
villainy  of  the  duke  being  discovered,  he 

is  slain  in  combat  by  a  Briton  named 
Paladore,  and  the  victor  marries  the 
princess  (1779). 

Law's  Bubble,  the  famous  Missis- 
sippi  scheme,  devised  by  John  Law 
(1716-1720). 

Law's  Tale  {The  Man  of),  the  tale 
about  Custance,  daughter  of  the  emperor 
of  Koine,  affianced  to  the  sultan  of  Syria. 
On  the  wedding  night  the  sultan's  mother 
murdered  all  the  bridal  party  for  a|»s- 
tacy,  except  Custance,  whom  she  turned 
adrift  in  a  ship.  The  ship  stranded  on 
the  shores  of  Britain,  where  distance  was 
rescued  by  the  lord-constable  of  North- 
umberland, whose  wii'e,  Hermegild,  be- 
came much  attached  to  her.  A  young 
knight  wished  to  marry  Custance,  but 
she   declined    his    suit ;    whereupon    ha 

murdered  Hermegild,  and  then  laid  the 
knife  beside  Custance,  to  make  it  appear 
that  she  had  committed  the  deed.  King 
Alia,  who  tried  the  case,  soon  discor<  red 
the  truth,  executed  the  knight,  and 
married  Custance.  Now  was  repeated 
the  same  infamy  as  occurred  to  her  in 
Syria:  the  queen-mother  Donegild  dis- 
approved of  the  march,  and,  during  the- 
absence  of  her  son  in  Scotland,  embarked 

Custance  and  her  infant  son  in  the  same 
ship,  which  she  turned  adrift. 
floating  about  for  live  years,  it  was  taken 
in  tow  by  the  Roman  fleet  on  its  return 
from  Syria,  and  Custance  was  put  under 
targe  of  a  K.  man  senator.  It  so 
happened  that  Alia  was  at  Rome  at  the 
very  time  on  a  pilgrimage,  met  his  wife, 
and    they     returned    to     Northumberland 

ier. 

This  story  is  found  in  Cower,  who 
probably  took  it  from  the  French  chro- 
nicle of  Nicholas  Trivet. 

A  similar  story  forms  the  outline  of 
(3  syl.),  a  romance  in  Kitson'a 
collection. 


LAWFORD. 


642 


LEA. 


The  knight  murdering  HermegiM.  etc., 

resembles  an  incident  in  tlie  French  Ro- 
vuih  <!■■  1 a    I  '■■  -  '■'•'.  the   English  n  i 
romance  of  I  wn*  (in 

Ritson),  and  also  a  talc  in  the  Ocsta 
Bowoaorwrn,  69. 

Lawford   (J/r.),  the  town  clerk  of 
Middleman. — Sir  W.  Beott   Tht  8 
Dauf/iter  (ti  II.). 

Lawronce  (FHar),  a  Franciscan  who 
undertake!  to  marry  Romeo  and  Juliet. 
(See  I.  vi  ki.nck.j 

/  •  "  Tyburn  Tom  " 

or  'luck,   a    highwayman.      (See   l.v- 
Sir    W.   Beott,    Heart   of  Mid- 
lothian (tin  II.). 

La  "Writ,  a  little  wrangling.  I 
advocate. —  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,   The 

Little  i 

i  landlord    of  the 

sir  w.  Beott,   •-'.    • 
rgc  III.). 

Lawyers'  Bags,  la  the  Common 
\a\h  bar,  Imrr 

i  red  foe 

queen's  counsel  and  serjeanta,  bul  • 
gownsman  may  earrj  one  "ii  i  i 

with  it  by  a  '  silk.'  "     <  mlj  red  begs  may 

be  taken  into  Common  Lawcourti 

OSt  be   carried    OS  further  til 
I  ;-room.        In    Chancery    courts    the 

etiquette  is  not  so  strict. 

Lay  of  tho  Last  Minstrel. 
Ladve  Margaret  [Scott]  of  Branksome 
Hall,  the  "flower of  Teviot,"  was 
by  baron  Henry  <>f  Cranstown,  bat  « 
desdh  feud  existed  between  the  two 
familii  iy,  an  elfin  page  allured 

ladve  liargaret'i  dp  thai  (the  heir  of 
Branksome  Hull)  into  a  wood,  when  he 
fell  iutip  the  hands  of  the  Southerners. 

At     the    same   tune     an    army     I  I 

;i  marched  to  Branksome  Hall  to 
take  it,  but  hearing  thai  Dong]  - 

mi  d,  was  on  the  march  . 

them,  the  two  chiefs  Sgn  cd  I 

■   by  single  combat.    The  English 

champion  v\ 

champion      culled      him*  I 

o   Deloraii  j    fell  to  the 

i,  when  it  was  discovered  tl 
William   Deloraine1     was  in   reality   lord 
Cranstown,    who    thin    claimed    and    re- 

r    i    .  the  hand  of  lad]  e  M 
reward.— Sir  W. 
Minstrel  ( I  i 

Layers-over       for      Modellers, 


nothing  that  concerns  you.  Said  to 
dhildren  when  they  want  to  know  some. 
thing  which  the  person  asked  does  not 
•  hink  proper  to  explain  to  them.  A 
laycr-oi' r  means  "a  whip,"  and  a 

means  a  "  rod  for  the 
meddlesome." 

Lazarillo,  a  humoursome  varlet,  who 

and 
(Jctavio.        Iji/arulo     makes      the    usual 

i   a.«  giving 
and   inotiev  to  the  wrong   mu-t<  r  ;   but    it 
loona  <  lata, 
:    Od         .  'ind  so  all 
ri^'lit. — Jephson,  Two  Strings  foyOS 

Jowpk  Munden[173S  l<OJ]wu  thaorlsiaal  ~  LuvlUo  " 

— JYrm,,r  .-'  J    .-..  MumUn  (ISA 

Lazarillo  de  Tonnes,  the  hero  of  a 
roman  don    1 1 

Mendo'sa  (1668).  Lazarillo  is  a  componnd 

full  of  stn' 
and  (!•  Iks  the 

(as   he  says)    "like  the   duke  of 
.pied  at  home  "  to  pro- 
cure n  .  ry   bread,   and,    baring 
munched  it.  y  puzzled  how   to 

appeal  in  public  with  due  decorum.  He 
fits  out  a  ruffle  so  as  to 

irt,  and   so   adj  lists  a  cloak  a*  to 

b.ok  as  a  I  •  loth*  ■  under  it." 

We  find  him  begging  bread,   "not  for 

food,"  but  simpl  ta.      He 

reetible  and 

whole-  I  is  he  gay  withal  and 

always  rakish. 

Lazarus  and  Dives.  Ijizanis  was 
a  blotched  beggar,  who  implored  th< 

■ 
and  Dive*  to  bell,  where  be  im plot 

bring 
him  a  drop  of  water  to  cool  bis  lips  withaX 
—  I. 

*#*  lAzarus  is  tlie  only  proper  name 
given  in  any  of  the  Jsew  Testanuiii 
pur.i 

Lazy  Lawrence  of  Lubber- 
Land,  the  hero  of  a  popular  tale.  He 
served  the  schooln  scook, 

the  farmer,  and  his  awn  wife,  all  which 
was  account'  in  Lubber-land. 

Lea,  one  of  thi  rs  of  men," 

i    by    one   of   t!  I 

rho  loved  her  ranked  with  tin 
spirits   of   Light,  who* 

around   the   throne   was  in  tl 

circle. 

saw    Lea    bathing,    and   fell    in    bv 
her ;    but   Lea   was  so  heavenly  m 


LEAD  AFES  IN  HELL. 


543        LEAGUE  OF  PUBLIC  WEAL. 


that  her   only  wish   was   to    "dwell  in 

Lurity  and  serve  God  in  singleness  of 
e.irt."  Her  angel  lover,  in  the  madness 
of  his  passion,  told  Lea  the  Bpell-word 
that  gave  him  admittance  into  heaven. 
The  moment  Lea  uttered  it,  her  body 
became  spiritual,  rose  through  the  air, 
and  vanished  from  sight.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  angel  lost  his  ethereal  nature, 
and  became  altogether  earthly,  like  a 
child  of  clay.— T.  Moore,  Loves  of  the 
Angels,  i.  (1822). 

Lead  Apes  in  Hell,  i.e.  die  an  old 
maid. 

And  now  Tatlanthff,  thou  art  all  my  care  .  .  . 
Pity  that  you,  who've  served  so  long  and  well, 
Should  die  a  virgin,  and  lead  apes  in  hell. 
Choose  for  yourself,  dear  girl,  our  empire  round  ; 
Your  portion  is  twelve  hundred  thousand  pound. 

Carey,  Chrononltotonthologos. 

League  (The),  a  league  formed  at 
Pe'ronne  in  157G,  to  prevent  the  accession 
of  Henri  IV.  to  the  throne  of  France, 
because  he  was  of  the  reformed  religion. 
This  league  was  mainly  due  to  the  Guises. 
It  is  occasionally  called  "The  Holy 
League;"  but  the  "Holy  League" 
strictly  so  called  is  quite  another  thing, 
and  it  is  better  not  to  confound  different 
«vents  by  giving  them  the  same  name. 
^See  League,  Holy.) 

League  (The  Achcean),  b.c.  281-146. 
The  old  league  consisted  of  the  twelve 
Achxan  cities  confederated  for  self- 
defence  from  the  remotest  times.  The 
league  properly  so  called  was  formed 
against  the  Macedonians. 

League  (The  JEtolian),  formed  some 
three  centuries  b.c,  when  it  became  a 
formidable  rival  to  the  Macedonian  mon- 
archs  and  the  Achaean  League. 

League  (The  Grey),  1424,  called  Lia 
Grischa  or  Graubilnd,  from  the  grey 
homespun  dress  of  the  confederate 
peasants,  the  Grisons,  in  Switzerland. 
This  league  combined  with  the  League 
Caddee  (1401)  and  the  League  of  the  Ten 
Jurisdictions  (143G),  in  a  perpetual 
alliance  in  1471.  The  object  of  these 
leagues  was  to  resist  domestic  tyranny. 

League  (  The  Hanse  or  Hanseatic),  1241- 
1030,  a  great  commercial  confederation  of 
German  towns,  to  protect  their  merchan- 
dise against  the  Baltic  pirates,  and  defend 
their  rights  against  the  German  barons 
Mid  princes.  It  began  with  Hamburg 
and  Lubeck,  and  was  joined  by  Bremen, 
Bruges,  Bergon,  Novogorod,  London, 
Cologne  Brunswick,  Danzig;  and,  after- 
raids   by    Dunkerque,    Anrers,  Ostend, 


Dordrecht,  Rotterdam,  Amsterdam,  etc. ; 
still  later  by  Calais,  Rouen,  St.  Malo, 
Bordeaux,  Bayonne,  Marseilles,  Barce- 
lona, Seville,  "  Cadiz,  and  Lisbon  ;  and 
lastly  by  Messina,  Naples,  etc. ;  in  all 
eighty  cities. 

League  (The  Holy).  Several  leagues 
are  so  denominated,  but  that  emphatically 
so  called  is  the  league  of  1511  against 
Louis  XII.,  formed  by  pope  Julius  11., 
Ferdinand  "the  Catholic,"  Henry  VIII., 
the  Venetians,  and  the  Swiss.  Gaston  de 
Foix  obtained  a  victory  over  the  league 
at  Ravenna  in  1512,  but  died  in  the  midst 
of  his  triumph. 

League  (The  Solemn),  1038,  formed  in 
Scotland  against  the  episcopal  govern- 
ment of  the  Church. 

League  Caddee  (The)  or  Ligue  fa 
la  Maison  de  Dieu  (1401),  a  confederation 
of  the  Grisons  for  the  purpose  of  resisting 
domestic  tyranny.  (See  League,  Grey.) 
League  of  Augsburg  (1686),  a 
confederation  of  the  house  of  Austria 
with  Sweden,  Saxony,  Bavaria,  the 
circles  of  Swabia  and  Franconia,  etc., 
against  Louis  XIV.  This  league  was 
the  beginning  of  that  war  which  termi- 
nated in  the  peace  of  Kyswick  (1G98). 

League  of  Cambray  (1508),  formed 
by  the  emperor  Maximilian  I.,  Louis  XII. 
of  France,  Ferdinand  "  the  Catholic  "  and 
pope  Julius  II.,  against  the  republic  of 
Venice. 

League  of  Ratisbonne  (1524),  by 
the  catholic  powers  of  Germany  against 
the  progress  of  the  Reformation. 

League  of  Smalkalde  (December 
31,  1530),  the  protestant  states  of  Ger- 
many leagued  against  Charles  Quint.  It 
was  almost  broken  up  by  the  victory 
obtained  over  it  at  MUhlberg  in  1647. 

League    of   Wurtzburg    (l»'>to), 

formed  l.v  the  catholic  stales  of  Germany 
against  the  "  Protestanl  Onion"  of  Had. 
Maximilian  I.  of  Bavaria  was  at  its  head. 
League  of  the  Beggars  (15(H)),  a 
Combination  formed  against  the  Inquisi- 
tion in  Flanders. 

League  of  the  Cities  of  Lom- 
bardy  (1167),  under  the  patronage  of 
pope  Alexander  111.,  against  Frederick 
Barbarossa  emperor  of  Germany.  In 
1225,  the  cities  combined  against  Fre- 
derick II.  of  Germany. 

League    of   the    Public  "Wool 


LEANDER. 


544 


(Liyue  du  Bien  Public),  1164,  a  league 
between  the  dukes  of  Burgundy,  Brit- 
tany, Bourbon,  and  other  princes,  against 
Louis  XI.  of  France. 

Lean'der  (3  s.y/.),  a  young  man  of 
Aby'dos,  who  swain  nightly  across  the 
Hellespont  to  visit  his  lady-love.  Bero 
a  priestess  of  Sestos.  One  night  he  was 
drowned  in  his  attempt,  and  Hero  leaped 
into  the  Hellespont  and  died  also. 

The  story  is   told   by   Musa-us  in   his 

Eoem  called  Hero  and  ueander*     Schiller 
as  made  it  the  subject  of  a  ballad. 
*»*  Lord   Byron  and  lieutenant  Eken- 

heaa  repeated  the  feat  <>f  Leaader,  and 

accomplished  it  in  1  hr.  10  min.  ;  the 
distance  (allowing  fur  drifting)  would  be 
about  four  miles. 

A  young  native  of  St.  ('mix,  in  1817, 
swam  across  the  Sound  in  9  hr.  40  Bin., 
the  distance  being  six  miles. 

Captain  Webb,  August  24,  !s7.r>,  swam 
from  Dover  to  Calais  in  28  hr.  40  nun., 
the  distance  being  thirty  miles,  including 
drifting. 

Lean'der,  a  young  Spanish  scholar, 
smitten  with  Leonora,  a  maiden  under 
the  charge  oi  don  Diego,  and  whom  the 
don  wished  to  make  his  wife.  The 
young  scholar  disguised  himself  as  a 
minstrel  to  amuse  Uungo  the  slave,  and 
with  a  little  llattery  and  a  few  gold  pieces 

lulled  the  vigilance  of  Ursula  toe  duenna, 
and  gained  admittance  to  the  lady.  As 
the  lovers  were  about  to  elope,  don  Diego 
unexpectedly  returned  ;  but  being  a  man 
of  ti(),  ami.  what  is  more,  a  man  of 
sense,  he  at  once  perceived  that  Leander 
was  a  more  suitable  husband  for  Leonora 
than  himself,  and  accordingly  sanctioned 
their  union  and  gave  the  bride  a  hand- 
some dowry. — I.  Biekerstaff,  The  Pad- 
lock. 

Leandra,  daughter  of  an  opulent 
Spanish  farmer,  who  eloped  with  Vincent, 
dc  la  Rosa,  a  heartless  adventurer,  who 
robbed  her  of  all  her  money,  jewels,  and 
ot'ic  '.aluables,  and  then  left  her  to  make 
he*  yny  home  as  best  she  could.  Leandra 
was  placed  in  a  convent  till  the  scandal 
had  blown  over. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 

I.  iv.  20  ("The  Goat-herd's  Story,"  1605). 

Leandre  (2  syl.),  son  of  Geronte 
(2  syl.).  During  the  absence  of  his  father, 
he  fell  in  love  with  Zerbinette,  whom  he 
supposed  to  be  a  young  gipsy,  but  who 
was  in  reality  the  daughter  of  Argante 
(2  si/l.)  his  father's  friend.  Some  gipsies 
had    stolen    the    child    when    only    tour 


LEAR. 

years  old,  and  required  £1500  for  bsf 
ransom — a  sum  of  money  which  Scapin 
contrived  to  obtain  from  Le'andre's  father 
under  false  pretences.  When  Geronte 
discovered  that  his  son's  bride  was  the 
daughter  of  his  friend  Argante,  he  was 
quite  willing  to  excuse  Scapin  for  the 
deceit  practised  on  him. — Molicre,  Lea 
Fo'ir'ieries  de  Scapin  (1G71). 

(In    Ofway's  version   of   this  comedy, 

called    The  'Cheats  of  Scapin,   Leandre  is 

Anglicized  into  "Leander;"   Geronte  is 

called  "Gripe:"  Zerbinette  is  "  Lucia;  " 

be  is  "Thrifty;"  and  the  sum  of 

money  is  £200.) 

l.r'in-lrr,  the  lover  of  Lucinde  daugh- 
ter of  Geronte  (2  s.y/.).  Being  forbidden 
the  house,  Lucinde  pretended  to  be  dumb, 
and  Leandre,  being  introduced  in  the  guise 

of  an  apothecary,  effects  a  cure  by  "  pills 
iiiatrimoniac."  —  Moliere,     Le     J. 
Maijre-  Lm (1666). 

Lean'dro,  a  gentleman  who  wantonly 
loves  Amaranta  (the  wife  of  Bar'tolus 
a  covetous  lawyer).  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,   1  i  Curate  (1622). 

Leari'dro  the  Fair  (The  Exploits 
awl  A  I '),    part   of    the   series 

called  /.<•  fiOm<M  met  BosMMS,  pertaining 
to  "  Am'adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  was 
added  by  Pedro  de  Lujan. 

XiOar,  mythical  king  of  Britain,  son 
of  Bladud.  He  had  three  daughters,  and 
when  four  scon.'  years  old,  wishing  to  re- 
tire from  the  active  duties  of  sovereignty, 
resolved  to  divide  his  kingdom  between 
them  in  proportion  to  their  love.  The 
two  elder  said  they  loved  him  more  than 
their  tongue  could  express,  but  Cordelia 
the  youngest  said  she  loved  him  as  it 
became  a  daughter  to  love  her  father. 
The  old  king,  displeased  with  her  answer, 
disinherited  Cordelia,  and  divided  his 
kingdom  between  the  other  two,  with  the 
condition  that  each  alternately,  month  by 
month,  should  give  him  a  home,  with  a 
suite  of  a  hundred  knights.  He  spent  the 
first  month  with  his  eldest  daughter,  who 
showed  him  scant  hospitality.  Then  going 
to  the  second,  she  refused  to  entertain  so 
large  a  suite;  whereupon  the  old  man 
would  not  enter  her  house,  but  spent  the 
night  abroad  in  a  storm.  When  Cordelia, 
who  had  married  the  king  of  France, 
heard  of  this,  she  brought  an  army  over  to 
dethrone  her  sisters,  but  was  taken  prisoner 
and  died  in  jail.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
elder  sister  (Goneril)  first  poisoned  hei 
ycunger  sister  from  jealousy,  and  >£ter. 


LEAR. 

wards  put  an  end  to  her  own  life.  Lear 
also  died.  —  Shakespeare,  Kin>j  Lear 
(160.")). 

(The  best  performers  of  "king  Lear" 
were  David  Garrick  (171G-177£>)  and  \V. 
C.  Macrcady  (1793-1873).  The  stage  Lear 
is  a  corrupt  version  by  Nahum  Tate  (Tate 
and  Brady) ;  as  the  stage  Richard  III. 
is  Colley  Cibber's  travesty.) 

***  Percy,  in  his  Reliques  of  Ancient 
English  Poetry,  has  a  ballad  about  "  King 
Loir  and  His  Three  Daughters  "  (series  I. 
ii.). 

The  story  is  given  by  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth, in  his  British  History.  Spenser 
has  introduced  the  tale  in  his  Fairy 
Queen  (ii.  10). 

Camden  tells  a  similar  story  of  Ina 
the  king  of  the  West  Saxons  (Remains, 
306). 

Lear  (Ktn<]),  Shakespeare's  drama, 
first  printed  in  quarto  (1608),  is  founded 
on  The  True  Chronicle  History  of  King 
Leir  and  His  Three  Daw/liters,  Oonorill, 
Bagan,  and  Cordelia  (1605). 

Learned  {The),  Coloman  king  of 
Hungary  (*,  1095-1114). 

Learned  Blacksmith  {The),  Elihu 
Burritt,  the  linguist  (1811-1870). 

Learned  Painter  (The),  Charles 
Lebrun,  noted  for  the  accuracy  of  his 
costumes  (1619-1690). 

Learned  Tailor  {The),  Henry 
Wild  of  Norwich,  who  mastered,  while 
he  worked  at  his  trade,  Greek,  Latin, 
Hebrew,  Chaldaic,  Svriac,  Persian,  and 
Arabic  (1684-1731). 

Learned  Theban  (.4),  a  guesscr  of 
riddles  or  dark  sayings  ;  in  allusion  to 
(Edipos  king  of  Thebes,  who  solved  the 
riddle  of  the  Sphinx. 

I'll  talk  a  word  with  this  same  learned  Thehan. 
bhuki-sp citrc,  litnj  Uur,  act  ill.  so.  4  (1605). 

Leather-stockings,  the  nickname 
of  Natty  Bumppo,  a  half-savage  and 
half-Christian  chevalier  "C  American 
wild-life.  He  appears  in  five  of  •).  !•'. 
Cooper*!  novels,  hence  called  the  Leath- 
er-stocking Tales.—  Sic  Bumppo. 

"  stockings  standi  half-way  betweon  avrage  am! 
«  '  in  dure  and  the 

■ 

*■  il.    Tbaae  art-  the  elouienta  oi  one  of  tito  most  original 
characters  In  Mellon. — Duycklnck. 

Le  Castro,  the  indulgent  father  of 
Mirabel  "the  wild  goose." — Beaumont 
ana  Fletcher,  The  Wild-'joose  Chase 
(1662). 


545  LEGEND. 


L'Eclair  (Philippe),  orderly  of  cap- 
tain I'lorian.  L'Eclair  is  a  great  boaster, 
who  masks  his  l>ra^  under  the  guise  of 
modesty.  He  pays  his  court  to  Rosa- 
belle,  the  lady's-maid  of  lady  Geraldine. 
— W.  Dimond,  The  Foundling  cf  the 
Forest. 

Led  Captain  (A),  an  obsequious 
person,  who  styles  himself  "Captain;" 
and,  out  of  cupboard  love,  dances  attend- 
ance on  the  master  and  mistress  of  a 
house. 

Mr.  Wnce.  the  celehrnted  wit,  and  a  led  captain  and 
treiicli'Tman  of  my  lord  Steyne.  was  raun-d  by  die  ladiea 
to  make  the  assault.— Thackeray,  v,i„ity  Fair,  li.  (1S48L 

Lee  (Sir  Henry),  an  officer  in  attend- 
ance at  Greenwich  Palace. — Sir  \Y. 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lee  (Sir  Henry),  an  old  royalist,  and 
head-ranger  of  Woodstock  forest. 

Alice  Lee,  daughter  of  the  old  knight. 
She  marries  Biarkham  Everard. 

lei  Albert  Lee,  her  brother,  the 
friend  of  Charles  II. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Leek,  worn  on  St.  David's  Day.  The 
general  tale  is  that  king  Cadwallader,  in 
640,  gained  a  complete  victory  over  the 

Saxons  by  the  b] ial   interposition  of 

St.  David,  who  ordered  the  Britons  to 
wear  leeks  in  their  caps,  that  bhey  might 
recognize  each  other.  The  Saxons,  t'.>r 
want  of  some  common  cognizance,  often 
mistook  friends  for  foes.     Drayton  rives 

another  version  :  He  says  the  saint  Lived 
in  the  valley  l'.wias  t.  syl.),  situate  be- 
tween the  Hatterill  Hills,  LnMonmouth- 

shire.  It  was  here  "  that  reverend  British 
saint  to  contemplation  lived," 

.  .  .  ami  did  so  truly 
Aa  he  did  only  drink  what  insi.il  ll..lnry  yields. 
And  tad  apon  the  laata  he  slithered  to  C 

In  DM ry  of  whom,  In  SBi  'i  r.  roMog  >>  >r, 

Tlie  W,  Uhmen.  on  his  diiy  [  Jtf.«rca  1  J.  that  sacred  lierb  do 
wear. 

laa,  lr.  (161-:). 

Lefevro  (Lieutenai 

dying     from     want     and     rickness.       Ilia 

pathetic  story  is  told  by  Sterne,  in  ■  novel 
called  The  Lifeamd  Opinions  of  Iristram 
Shandy  (1768). 

"  Mr.  Palmar,  1  hare  twrrowpd  a  book  from  your  shop, 
Til  the  dxth  rolune  ol  ra  nun... 

I  r»u>  of  l«f,'\  re.  winch  makes  part  of  !  k. 

.  .  .  doos  I OUT,  not   to  tu  anther  ,>nly.  hut  to  human 

nature."— CuuiUrtand.  The  II. U  .'tuluxn.  IL  L 

Legend  [Sir  Sampson),  a  foolish, 
testy,  prejudiced,  and  obstinate  old  man, 
between  60  and  60.     Bis  favourite  oath 

is    "ii,l,l!"      ilt.    tries  to    disinherit    his 
elder  son  Valentine,  for  his  favourite  eon 
lien,  a  sailor;    and  ho  fancies    Angelica 
2  s 


LEGEND.  54ti 


is  in  love  with  him,  when  she  only  intends 
to  fool  him. 

He  says :  "  I  know  the  length  of  the  emperor  of  China's 
foot,  have  kissed  the  Great  Mogul's  slipper,  and  have  ml 
a-huntlng  upon  an  elephant  with  the  chain  of  Tartar)  •" — 
W.  Congreve.  Love /or  Love,  li.  (16H5I. 

"Sir  Sampson  Legend'  la  such  another  lying,  over- 
bearing character,  but  he  does  not  come  up  to  "sir 
Epicure  Mammon  *  [Ben  Jonaou,  Tbt  Alchemlttl—C. 
Lamb. 

Legend  (The  Golden),  a  semi-dramatic 
poem  by  Longfellow,  taken  from  an  old 
German  tale  by  Hartmann  von  der  Aue 
[Oar],  called  Poor  Henry  (1861).  Hart- 
mann was  one  of  the  minnesingers,  and 
lived  in  the  twelfth  century.  (See 
Henry,  Poor.) 

Legend  of  Montrose,  a  novel  bv 
fir  \\.  Scott  (1819).  This  brief,  im- 
perfect story  contains  one  of  Scott's  best 
character!,  the  redoubted  Kittmastcr, 
Dugald  Halgetty,  a  combination  of  sol- 
dado  and  pedantic  student  of  Mareschal 
College,  Aberdeen. 

Legends   (Golden),   a    collection    of 
monkish  legends,   in  Latin,  by  Jacob  de 
Voragine  or  Yaragine,  bom  at  Vai 
in    Genoa.     He   wrote    Legenda    .v 
which  was  bo  popular  that  it  was  called 
"  Legenda  Aurea  "  (1-230-1298). 

Legion  of  Honour,  an  order  of 
merit,  instituted  by  Napoleon  I.  when 
"  first  consul,"  in  1802.  The  undress 
badges  are,  for: 

Chevaliers,  a  bow  of  red  ribbon  in  the 
button-hole  of  their  coat,  to  which  a 
medal  is  attached. 

Officers,  a  rosette  of  red  ribbon,  etc., 
with  medal. 

Commanders,  a  collar-ribbon. 

Grand-officers,  a  broad  ribbon  under 
the  waistcoat. 

Grand-cross,  a  broad  ribbon,  with  a 
star  on  the  breast,  and  a  jewel-cross 
pendent. 

%*  Napoleon   III.  instituted  a  lower 
degree    than    Chevalier,   called    Mt 
Militaire,  distinguished  by  a  yellow  rib- 
bon. 

Legree,  a  slave-dealer  and  hideous 
villain,  brutalized  by  slave-dealing  and 
slave  -  driving.  —  Mrs.  Bcecher  Stowe, 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin  (1853). 

Leicester  (The  earl  of),  in  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth. 

Tlie  countess  of  Leicester  (born  Amy 
Bobsart),  but  previously  betrothed  to 
Kimund  Tressilian. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenil\corth  (time,  Elizabeth).     . 

Leigh  (Aurora),  the  heroine  and  title 


LEUE. 

of  a  poem  by  Mrs.  Browning.  The 
design  of  this  poem  is  to  show  the  noble 
aim  of  true  art. 

Leila,  the  young  Turkish  child  rescued 
by  don  Juan  at  the  siege  of  Ismail  (canto 
viii.  93-102).  She  went  with  bin  to  St. 
'  urg,  and  then  he  brought  her  to 
England.  As  Don  Juan  was  never  com- 
pleted, the  future  history  of  Leila  has  do 
■eqnal. 

...  at  hla  aide 
Bat  little  Leila,  who  survived  the  psrrtee 
He  made  gainst  Cossack  sabres,  in  the  wide) 
Slaughter  of  lsmflM 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  X.  81  (13S4). 

LeUla  (2  syl.),  the  beautiful  slave  of 
the  caliph  Hassan.  She  falls  in  love 
with  "  the  Giaour"  [djow'.er] ,  flees  from 
the  seraglio,  is  overtaken,  and  cast  int« 
the  sea. 

Her  eyes'  dark  charm  'twere  vain  to  tell ; 
But  g  \2r  on  that  of  the  gaaelle— 
It  will  assist  thy  fancy  welL 

Byron.  DU  Giaour  (181S). 

Leilah,  the  Oriental  type  of  female 
loveliness,  chastity,  and  impassioned 
affection.  Her  love  for  Mejnoun,  in  Mo- 
hammedan romance,  is  held  in  much  the 
same  light  as  that  of  the  bride  for  the 
bridegroom  in  Solomon's  song,  or  Cupid 
ami  Psyche  among  the  Greeks. 

When  he  sang  the  loves  of  MegnOun  and  Lelleh  [tic] 
•  insensibly  overflowed  the  cheeks  of  bis  auditors. 
— W.  Beckford.  Vathek  (ir*5|. 

Leipsic  So-and-so  was  my  Leipsic,  my 
fall,  my  irrevocable  disaster,  my  ruin  ;  re- 
ferring to  the  battle  of  Leipsic  (October, 
1813),  in  which  Napoleon  I.  was  defeated 
and  compelled  to  retreat.  This  was  the 
"  beginning  of  his  end." 

Juan  was  my  Moscow  [turning-point\  and  Faliero  (3  atari.) 
My  Leipsic. 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  iX  66  (18tt). 

L.  E.  L.,  initialism  of  Letitia  Eliza- 
beth Landon  (afterwards  Mrs.  Maclean), 
poetess  (1802-183*). 

Lola  Marien,  the  Virgin  Mary. 

In  my  childhood,  my  father  kept  a  slave,  who.  in  my 
own  tongue  [Arabic\  Instructed  me  In  the  Christian 
worship,  and  Informed  me  of  many  things  of  Lais 
Marlon.  — Cervantes,  Don  Quiiote.  L  lv.  lo  (1603). 

LeTia,  a  cunning,  wanton  widow, 
with  whom  Julio  is  in  love. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Captain  (1613). 

Lelie  (2  syl.),  a  young  man  engaged 
to  Ce'lie  daughter  of  Gorgibus ;  bui 
Gorgibos  insists  that  his  daughter  shall 
give  up  Lelie  for  Valbre,  a  much  richer 
man.  Ce'lie  faints  on  hearing  this,  and 
drops  the  miniature  of  Lelie,  which  is 
picked  up  by  Sganarelle's  wife.  Sgana- 
relle  finds  it,  and,  supposing  it  to  hi 


LELIE. 

lover  of  his  wife,  takes  possession  of  it, 
and  recognizes  Lo'lie  as  the  living  ori- 
c-inal.  Le'lie  asks  how  he  came  by  it, 
is  told  he  took  it  from  his  wife,  and  con- 
cludes that  he  means  Celie.  He  accuses 
her  of  infidelity  in  the  presence  of  Sgana- 
relle,  and  the  whole  mystery  is  cleared 
up.— Moliere,  Sganarelle  (1060). 

Le'lie,  an  inconsequential,  light-headed, 
but  gentlemanly  coxcomb. —  Moliere, 
VMourdi  (1653). 

Le'man  (Lake),  the  lake  of  Geneva  ; 
called  in  Latin  Lemannus. 

Lake  Leman  woos  me  with  Its  crystal  face. 
The  mirror  where  the  stars  and  mountains  view 
The  stillness  of  their  aspi-cl  In  each  trace 
Ita  clear  depUi  flabb  of  t li*-ir  f;ir  Imi^lit  anil  hue. 
Byron,  Childo  Harold,  iii.  68  (1816). 

Lemnian  Deed  (A),  one  of  un- 
paralleled cruelty  and  barbarity.  This 
Greek  phrase  owes  its  origin  to  the 
legend  that  the  Lemnian  women  rose 
one  night,  and  put  to  death  every  man 
%nd  male  child  in  the  island. 

On  another  occasion  they  slew  all  the 
men  and  all  the  children  born  of  Athenian 
parents. 

Lenore,  a  name  which  Edgar  Poe 
has  introduced  in  two  of  his  poems  ;  one 
called  The  Haven,  and  the  other  called 
Lenore  (1811-1849). 

Lenore,  the  heroine  of  Burger's  ballad 
of  that  name,  in  which  a  spectral  lover 
appears  to  his  mistress  after  death, 
and  carries  her  on  horsebaok  behind  him 
to  the  graveyard,  where  their  marriage  is 
celebrated  amid  a  crew  of  howling  gob- 
lins. 

***  The  Suffolk  Miracle  is  an  old 
Rnglish  ballad  of  like  character. 

Lenormand  ( J/i/7fc.),afamous  tireuse 
(A  cartes.  She  was  a  squat,  fussy,  little 
old  woman,  with  a  gnarled  ami  knotted 
Visage,  and  an  imperturbable  eye.  She 
wore  her  haircut  short  and  parted  on  one 
side,  like  that  of  a  man  ;  dressed  in  an 
odd-looking  casaqum,  embroidered  and 
trogged  like  the  jacket  of  an  hussar  > 
and  snuffed  continually.  This  was  the 
little  old  woman  whom  Napoleon  I. 
rly  consulted  before  setting  out  on 
■  campaign.  Mdlle.  Lenormand  foretold 
ephine  her  divorce;  and  when 
Murat  king  of  Naples  visited  her  in 
disguise,  she.  ^rave  him  the  cards  to  en!, 
and    he   cut    four   times    in    succession    ic 

mtfu  (kin^  of  diamonds)  ;  where- 

RpOO    Mdlle.    rose   and   said,    "  La  seaneo 
f-t    teriuinee ;  c'cBt   dix    louia    pour    les 


547  LEON. 


rois ; "    pocketed   the   fee,   and   left  the 
room  taking  snuff. 

(In  cartomancy,  Ic  grand pendu  signifies 
that  the  person  to  which  it  is  dealt,  or 
who  cuts  it,  will  die  by  the  hands  of  the 
executioner.     See  Grand  Penult.) 

Lent  (Galeazzo's),  a  form  of  torture 
devised  by  Galeazzo  Visconti,  calculated 
to  prolong  the  victim's  life  for  fortv 
days. 

Len'ville  (2  47//.),  first  tragedian  at 
the  Portsmouth  Theatre.  When  Nicholas 
Nickleby  joined  the  company,  Mr.  Len- 
ville  was  jealous,  and  attempted  to  pull 
his  nose  ;  hut  Nicholas  pulled  the  nose 
of  Mr.  Lenville  instead. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Leodegraunce  or  Lkodoorax,  king 
of  Camelyard,  father  of  Guenever 
Arthur's  wife).  Uther  the  pendi 
gave  him  the  famous  Round  Table,  which 
would  seat  l.ri<>  knights  (pt.  i.  45)  ;  and 
when  Arthur  married  Guenever,  Leode- 
graunce gave  him  the  table  and  lot) 
knights  as  a  wedding  gift  (pt.  i.  45). 
The  table  was  made  by  Merlin,  and  each 
seal  had  on  it  the  name  of  the  knight  to 
whom  it  belonged.  »  me  of  the  Beats  was 
called  the  "Siege  Perilous,"  because  do 
one  could  sit  on  it  without  "  peril  of  his 
life  "  except  sir  Galahad  the  virtuous 
and  chaste,  who  accomplished  the  quest 
of  the  holy  graal.  —  Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur  (1470). 

Leodogran,  the  kinc  of  Cainellanl  [tic]. 
Had  one  fair  daughter  and  none  othai  child ; 

Anil  shiwris  fairr-t  ,.f  all  Baafa  on  rarth, 

Guinevere,  and  i"  in-r  hlaona  dallght 

Tt'iin>>*ni,  Ctiyniny  of  Arthur, 

Le'oline  (:>  syl.),  one  of  the  malo 
attendants  of  1'ionys'ia  wife  of  Cleon 
governor  of  TaTSUS,  and  employed  bj  his 
mistress    to    murder    Man'na    the  orphan 

daughter  of    prince   Pencils,    who   had 
been  committed  to  her  charge  to  hriu:.' 

up.      Leoline    took     Minna    to    the    shore 

with  this  view,  when  some  pirates 

her,  and  sold  her  at   Ml  tali'ne  for  a 
Leoline  told   his  mistress  that  the  orphan 

was  dead,  and  Dionysia  raised  ■  splendid 

sepulchre  to  her  memoir. — Shakespeare, 
1'ericlcs  Vrir. 

Leon,  son  of  Constantine  the  1 

emperor.    Anion  and  Beatrice,  the  pare.ii« 

of    Bradamant,    promise   to    him 
daughter  Bradamant  in  marriage;    but 
the  lady  is  in  love  with  Koge'ro.     When 
Leon     discovers    this    attachment,    h» 

withdraws  his  suit,  and  Bradamant  mar- 


LEON. 


548 


LEONORA. 


ries  Rogero. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Leon,  the  hero  who  rules  Margaritta 
his  wife  wisely,  and  wins  her  esteem  and 
wifely  obedience,  Mariraritta  is  a  wealthy 
Spanish  heiress,  who  married  in  order  ti> 
indulge  in  wanton  intrigues  more  freely. 
She  selected  Leon  because  he  was  sup- 

Eosed  to  be  a  milksop  whom  she  could 
end  to  her  will ;  but  no  sooner  is  she 
married  than  Leon  acts  with  manly  firm- 
ness and  determination,  but  with  great 
affection  also.  He  wins  the  esteem  <>f  every 
one,  and  Margaritta  becomes  a  loving, 
devoted,  virtuous,  and  obedient  wife. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  L'uic  a  Wife 
and  Have  a  Wife  (HMO). 

Edward  Kynruten  flM9-lfiS7]  executed  the  part  of 
"L<"N  "  with  i\  lliilil lllliml  m.inllnrx~,  Val]  wnrth  t)iL't«it 
ICtori  Imitation,  He  had  a  |<Wllll|  >'\c,  and  a  i^uick, 
hnpariOH  vivacity  of  voice.— Collejr  fibber. 

Leonard,  a  real  scholar,  forced  for 
daily  bread  to  keep  a  common  school. — 
Crabbe,  liorowjh,  xxiv.  (1810). 

Leonardo  [Gonzaga],  duke  of 
Mantua.  Travelling  in  Switzerland,  an 
avalanche  fell  on  him,  and  lie  was  nursed 
through  a  severe  illness  by  Mariana  the. 
daughter  of  a  Swiss  burgher,  and  they 
fell  in  love  with  each  Other.  <  In  his  re- 
turn home,  he  was  entrapped  by  brigands, 

and  kept  prisoner  fur  two  years.  Mariana, 
seeking  him,  went  to  Mantua,  when 
count  Plorio  fell  in  love  with  her,  ami 
obtained  her  guardian's  consent  to  their 
union;  but  Mariana  refused  to  comply. 
The  case  was  referred  to  the  duke  (Fer- 
rardo),  who  gave  judgment  in  farour  of 
the  count.  Leonardo  happened  to  be 
present,  and,  throwing  otf  his  <li- 
assumed  his  rank  as  duke,  and  married 
Mariana;  but,  being  called  away  to  the 
camp,  left  Ferrardo  regent.  Ferrardo 
laid  a  most  villainous  scheme  to  prove 
Mariana  guilty  of  adultery  with  Julian 
St.  Pierre  ;  but  Leonardo  refused  to 
credit  her  guilt.  Julian  turned  out  to 
be  her  brother,  exposed  the  whole  plot, 
and  amply  vindicated  Mariana  of  the 
slightest  indiscretion. — S.  Knowles,  The 
Wife  (1833). 

Leona'to,  governor  of  Messina, 
father  of  Hero,  and  uncle  of  Beatrice. — 
Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  alxutt  Nothing 
(1600). 

Leonesse     (3    syl.),     Lbohsbbsb, 

Lkunnais,  Lkonks,  Lf.onnoys,  Lyon- 
NOTS,  etc.,  a  mythical  country  belonging 
to  Cornwall,  supposed  to  have  been  suuk 


under  the  sea  since  the  time  of  king 
Arthur.  It  is  very  frequently  mentioned 
in  the  Arthurian  romances. 

Leonidas  of  Modern  Greece, 
Marco  Bozzaris,  a  Greek  patriot,  who, 
with  1200  men,  pot  to  rout  4000  Turco- 
Albanians,  at  Kcrpenisi,  but  was  killed 
in  the  attack  (1823).  lie  was  buried  at 
Mcsolonghi. 

Lo'onine  (3  syl.),  servant  to  Dio- 
nvza. — Shakespeare,  Pericles  i'n'nce*  of 
Tyre  (1608). 

Leonine  Verse.  So  called  from 
Leonine,  a  canon  of  the  church  of  St. 
Victor,  in  Paris,  in  the  twelfth  century, 
who  first  composed  them.  It  is  a  verse 
with  a  rhyme  in  the  middle,  as : 

1'.  II-  r  !>  Mark,  thounh  it  hath  a  good  aniack. 
I  in  ili  lira  niellur  quaru  ouatuur  ulra. 

Leonnoys  or  Leonesse  (q.r.),  a 
country  once  joining  Cornwall,  but  now 
sunk  in  the  sea  full  forty  fathoms  deep. 
Bii  1  riatram  was  horn  in  Leoafia  or  Leost> 
noya.  and  is  always  called  a  Cornish 
knight. 

*m*  Tennyson  calls  the  word  "  Lyon- 
nesse,"  but  sir  T.  Malory  M  Leon. 

Leo'no's  Head  (or  Liondt  Head), 
Porto   Leone,    the    ancient    Piaama.    So 

called  from  a  huge  lion  of  white  marble, 
removed     by     the     Venetians     to     their 

ararnal 

Tbfl  wanttrrint;  stranger  nonx  ttie  port  descries 
A  nulk-wl.ilr  UoD  Of  dill-  hil>'U3  iizo. 
Of  anUipii'  marble.— hinco  BM  liavcn'i  name. 
Unknown  to  nwdnra  inUvni  vntnoi  it  came. 

Fakooar,  The  Btipmrtrt,  ilL  3  (17M). 

Leonor,  sister  of  Isabelle,  an  orphan  ; 
brought  up  by  Ariste  (2  syl.)  according 
to  bis  notions  of  training  a  girl  to  make 
him  a  good  wife.  lie  put  her  on  her 
honour,  tried  to  win  her  confidence  and 
i\e  lur  all  the  liberty  consistent 
with  propriety  and  social  etiquette,  and 
found  that  she  loved  him,  and  made  him 
a  fond  and  faithful  wife.  (See  Isa- 
'.)  —  Moliere,  L'e'cule  des  Mari$ 
(1661). 

Leono'ra,  the  usurping  queen  of 
Aragon,  betrothed  to  Bertran  a  prince 

of  the  blood-royal,  but  in  love  with 
Torriamond  general    of    the  forces.     It 

turns  out  that  Torrismond  is  son  and 
heir  of  Sancho  the  deposed  king.  Ban* 
cho  is  restored,  and  Torrismond  marries 
Leonora. — Dryden,  Tlie  Spanish  Fryar 
(1680). 

■in'ra,  betrothed  to  don  Carlos,  but 
don  Carlos  resigned  her  to  dou  Alonzo, 


LEONORA. 


549 


LEONTE8 


to  whom  she  proved  a  very  tender  and 
loving  wife.  Zanga  the  Moor,  out  of 
revenge,  poisoned  the  mind  of  Alonzo 
against  his  wife,  by  insinuating  her 
criminal  love  for  don  Carlos.  Out  of 
jealousy,  Alonzo  had  his  friend  put  to 
death,  and  Leonora,  knowing  herself  sus- 
pected, put  an  end  to  her  life. — Edward 
Young,  The  Hevenye  (1721). 

Leono'ra,  the  daughter  of  poor  parents, 
who  struck  the  fancy  of  don  Diego.  'Die 
don  made  a  compact  with  her  parents  to 
take  her  home  with  him  and  place  her 
under  a  duenna  for  three  months,  to  ascer- 
tain if  her  temper  was  as  sweet  as  her 
face  was  pretty,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
that  time,  either  to  return  her  spotless  or 
to  make  her  his  wife.  At  the  end  of 
three  months,  don  Diego  (a  man  of  60) 
goes  to  arrange  for  the  marriage,  lock- 
ing his  house  and  garden,  as  he  sup- 
poses, securely  ;  but  Leander,  a  young 
student,  smitten  with  Leonora,  makes  his 
way  into  the  house,  and  is  about  to  elope 
with  her  when  the  don  returns.  Like  a  man 
of  sense,  don  Diego  at  once  sees  the  suit- 
ability of  the  match,  consents  to  the  union 
of  the  young  people,  and  even  settles  a 
marriage  portion  on  Leonora,  his  ward 
if  not  his  wife. — I.  Bickerstalf,  The 
Padlock. 

Leonora,  betrothed  to  Ferdinand  a 
fiery  young  Spaniard  (jealous  of  donna 
Clara,  who  has  assumed  boy's  clothes  for 
a  time).  Ferdinand  despises  the  "am- 
phibious coxcomb,"  and  calls  his  rival 
''a  vile  compound  of  fringe,  lace,  and 
powder.*' — Jephson,  Two  Strings  to  your 
Bow  (1792). 

Leono'ra,  the  heroine  of  Miss  Edge- 
worth's  novel  of  the  same  name.  The 
object  of  the  tale  is  to  make  the  reader 
feel  what  is  good,  and  desirous  of  being 
so  (180G). 

Iveonora,  wife  of  Fernando  Florcstan 
a  State  prisoner  in  Seville.  In  order  to 
effect  her  husband's  release,  she  assumed 
the  attire  of  a  man,  and  the  name 
of  Fidelio.  In  this  disguise  sin'  entered 
the  service  of  Rocco  the  jailer,  and 
Marcellina  the  jailer's  daughter  fell   in 

love  with  her.  l'izarro,  the  governor,  of 
the  prison,  resolving  to  assassinate  Fer- 
nando Floreetan,  sent.  Rocco  and  Fidelio 
to  dig  his  grave  in  the  prison-eelL  When 
Pizarro  descended  to  perpetrate  die  deed 
of  blood,  Fidelio  drew  r  pistol  on  him  ; 

and  thfl  minister  of  stale,  arriving  at  this 

eriais,  ordered  the  priBi  nei  to  be  released. 


Leonora   {Fidelio)   was    allowed    to    un- 
lock her  husband's  chains,  and   Pizarro't 
:>;    came    to    naught. — Beethoven, 
Fidelio  (aa  opera,  17nl). 

Leono'ra,  a  princess,  who  falls  in  love 
with  nfanri'co,  the  supposed  son  of 
Azuce'na  a  gipsy,  but  in  reality  the  son 
of  Garzia  (brother  of  the  conte  di  Luna). 
The  conte  di  Luna  entertains  a  baie 
passion  for  the  princess,  and,  getting 
Manrico  into  his  power,  is  about  to  kill 
him,  when  Leonora  intercedes,  and  pro- 
mises to  give  herself  to  the  count  if  he 
will  spare  his  nephew's  life.  The  count 
consents;  but  while  he  goes  to  i 
Manrico,  Leonora  kills  herself  by  suck- 
ing poison  from  n  ring,  and  Manrico 
dies  also. — Yerdi,  II  Trovato'ri  (an  opera, 
1863). 

Leonora  (TJie  History  of),  an  c  I 
in  the  novel  of  Joseph  Andreas,  by 
Fielding  (1742). 

Leono'ra  [d'Estb]  (2  syl.),  sister  of 
Alfonso  II.  reigning  duke  of  Ferrara. 
The  poet  Tasso  conceived  a  violent 
passion  for  this  princess,  but  "  she  knew 
it  not  or  viewed  it  with  disdain." 
Leonora  never  married,  but  lived  with 
her  eldest  sister,  Lauretta  duchess  of 
Urbino,  who  was  separated  from  her 
husband.  The  episode  of  Sophroniaand 
Olindo  (Jerusalem  Delivered,  ii.)  is  based 
on  this  love  incident.  The  description  of 
Sophronia  is  that  of  Leonora,  and  her 
ignorance  of  Olindo's  love  points  to  the 
poet's  unregarded  devotion. 

But  thmi  .  .  .  ibalt  h 

One-ball  the  laurel  which  oVrsliadea  my  grare  .  .  . 

*i    .  i.  it  shall  lw  our  f»le 

To  bo  ontwiiKsl  fbt  BTBT, — but  too  lata. 

B/TOI1,  lite  Lammtt  of  TiUtO  (1817). 

Leonora  de  Guzman.  the 
"favourite"  of  Alfonzo  XL  of  Castile. 
Ferdinando,  nol  knowing  thai  she  was  the 
king's  mistress,  fell  in  love  with  her: 
and  Alfonzo,  to  reward  Ferdinand 
vices,  gave  hi  i  bo  him  in  marriage.  No 
sooner  was  this  done,  than  the  bride- 
groom learned  the  aharactoi  of  his  bride, 

rejected    het   With    scorn,    and    became  a 

monk.      Leonora    became    a    DOVil 

the  same  convent,  obtained  her  husband's 

forgiveness,  and  died.— Donizetti,  /.<» 
Fbvorita  (an  open,  1842). 

Leon'tes  (•'*  s;//.),  king  of  Sicily. 
lie  invited  his  <dd  friend  Polixenfts 
king  of  Bohemia  to  come  and  stay  with 

him,  but  became  so  jealous  of  him  that 
he  commanded  Canullo  to  poison  him. 
1         i  1    of    doing   bo,    Canullo    warned 


LEONTIUS. 


560 


letup:. 


Polixenes  of  his  danger,  and  fled  with 
him  to  Bohemia.  The  rage  of  I., 
was  now  unbounded,  and  he  cast  his  wife 
Hermione  into  prison,  where  she  gave 
birth  t«>  a  daughter.  The  king  ordered 
the  infant  to  be  cast  out  on  a  desert 
shore,  and  then  brought  his  wife  to  a 
public  trial.  Hermione'  fainted  in  court, 
the  king  had  her  removed,  and  Paulina 
soon  ciime  to  announce  that  the  queen 
was  dead.  Ultimately,  the  infant  daugh- 
ter was  discovered   under  the  name  of 

l'crdita,  and  was  married  to  Florizel  the 
«on  of   Polixends.     Hermione'  was  also 
discovered  to  the  king  in  a  / 1 
and  the  joy  of  I. routes  was  complete. — 
Shakespeare,  The    Winter* *   Talc  (1604). 

Leon'tius,  a  brave  but  merry  old 
soldier.— Beaumont   and    Fletcher,    The 

Humorous  Lieutenant  (1647). 

Le'opold,  a  sea-captain,  cnan 
of  Hippol'yta,  a  rich  lady  wantonly  in 
love  with  Arnoldo.  Arnoldo,  however,  is 
contracted  to  the  chaste  Zeno'cia,  who  is 
basely  pnraoed  by  the  governor  count 
Clodio. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Custom  of  the  Country  (1847). 

Leopold,  archduke  of  Austria,  a 
crusader  who  arrested  Richard  1.  on  his 
way  bome  from  the  Holy  Land. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Leopi/d,    nicknamed  h     by 

George  IV.  Stein,  speaking  of  Leopolds 
vacillating  conduct  in  to  the 

Greek  throne,  says  of  him  :  "  He  has  no 
colour,"  i.e.  no  fixed  plan  of  his  own,  but 
only  reflects  the  colour  of  those  around 
him  ;  in  other  words,  he  is  "  blown  about 
by  every  wind." 

Lepol'emo  (The  Exploits  ami  Ad- 
ventures o/),  }>art  of  the  series  called  1  c 
Roman  <lcs  Romans,  pertaining  to  "Amadis 
id'  Gaul."  This  part  was  added  by  l'cdro 
dc  Lujan. 

Leporello,  in  The  Libertine,  by 
BhadweU  (1676). 

The  following  advertisement  from 
Liston  appeared  in  Juno,  1817  : — 

"  My  benefit  Inters  place  tills  evening  at  Corent  Garden 

Theatre,  and  I  doubt  nut  will  lie  >p!en>lid!y  attended.  .  .   . 

I  iiiil  ptrfotm ' Fogron ' In  Th»  0fcMe,and  •Lcporelio' 
IHm Mm.  In  Cht  delineation  ■■!  than  irttnoai 
n  I  shall  diaplay  much  fi  mlntttftn. 

togethnr  with  piaal  taste  in  my  dresses  and  elegance  of 
manner  rnt  audit  met.  will  1«  delighted,  nml  * 
tlieir  approbation  i>y  nptufw  enptauaa,  When,  in 
addition  to  my  professional  merits,  Pasafd  Is  had  to  the 
lorellness  of  my  person  ami  the  fascination  of  my  fnce, 
.  .  .  thrro  ran  be  no  doubt  that  tills  announcement  will 
receive  the  attention  it  deserves. '— J .  UctoB. 

Leporello,  the  vulct  of  don  (liovanni. 
—Mozart,  Don  (Jioiithni  (an  opera,  17t>7). 


Lermites  and  Martafax,  two 
rats  that  conspired  against  the  White 
Cat. — Cum  tease  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tale* 
("The  White  Cat,"  1688). 

Lesbia,  the  poetic  name  given  by  the 
poet  Catullus  to  his  favourite  lady  Clodia. 

Lesbian  Kiss  (A),  an  immodest 
kiss.  The  ancient  Lesbians  were 
for  their  licentiousness,  and  hence  to 
"Lesbianize"  became  synonymous  with 
OS  sexual  indulgence,  and  "  I.**- 
bia  "  meant  a  hailot. 

Lesbian    Poets  (The),   Terpander, 
,  Ari'on,  and  the  poetess  Sappho. 

Lesbian  Rule,  squaring  the  rule 
from   the  act,  and  not  the  act  from   the 

rule;  like  correcting  a  aoa-dia]  by  a  clock, 

and  not   the   clock  by   the  sun-dial.     A 
Jesuit  r  doing  or  not  doing  as 

inclination  dictates. 

Lesley  (Captain),  a  friend  of  captain 
M'lntyre.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Anttpuiry 
(time,  i .     rg«  111.). 

Leslio     (Qeneral),     a   parliamentary 
.   F.cjcnd   of  Mont- 
|  iiarles  I.). 

Losly  ( I  C*  Ba- 

iii  old  archer  in  the   Scotch  guard 
Uncle  of  i .iii.ii- 
tin    Durward.— Sir   W.    Scott,    QttnttM 
Ijurward  (time,  Kdward  IV.. 

Lesurques  (Jerome),  a  solicitor,  who, 
being  in  gnatly  reduced  circumstances, 
the  White  Lion  inn,  unknown  to 
■i  (act  i.  2). 

Joseph  Lcsuraws  (2  ».'//.),  80n  °f  tne 
solicitor,  and  father  of  Julie.  He  is  so 
like  DubOM  the  highwayman,  that  he  is 
accused  of  robbing  the  night-mail  from 
Lyons,  and  murdering  the  courier. 

Julie  Leeurqyes,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Lesurques,  in  love  with  Didier.  Whet 
her  father  is  imprisoned,  she  offers  to 
release  Didier  from  his  engagement;  but 
ho  remains  loyal  throughout. — Kdward 
Stirling,  The  Courier  of  Lyons  (1868). 

Le'the  (2  syl.),  one  of  the  five  rivers 
of  hell.  The  word  means  "forgetfulness." 
The  other  rivers  are  St\  \,  Ach'eron, 
Cocv'tus,  and  I'hleg'ethon.  1'antr  makes 
the  boundary  between  purgatory 
and  paradise. 

Far  off  from  those  [four]  a  slow  and  silent  i 
Lethe,  the  river  of  oblivion,  rolls 
Hit  watery  labyrinth,  whereof  who  drinks 
Forthwith  liis  formal  Mate  and  Mat  '"Tei* 
loitfet*  both  Joy  and  .  . .  I  |»in. 

Milton,  l-ariUiio  Lvtt.  li  M3,  eft  (14 


LETHKAN  DEWS. 


551 


LEWIS. 


Lethe'an  Dews,  that  which  pro- 
duces a  dreamy  langour  and  obliviousness 
of  vlie  troubles  of  life.  LOthe  personified 
oblivion  in  Grecian  mythology,  and  the 
Boul,  at  the  death  of  the  body,  drank  of 
the  river  Lethe  that  it  might  carry  into 
the  world  of  shadows  no  remembrance  of 
earth  and  its  concerns. 

The  soul  with  tender  luxury  you  [the  Miuet]  fill. 
And  o'er  the  sense  Lethean  dews  distill. 

Falconer,  The  Bhipmrack,  iii.  4  (1756). 

Letters  {Greek).  Cadmus,  the  Phceni- 
rian,  introduced  sixteen  ;  Simonides  and 
Epicharmoa  (the  poets)  introduced  six  or 
ei^ht  others ;  but  there  is  the  greatest 
diversity  upon  what  letters,  or  how  many, 
are  to  be  attributed  to  them.  Aristotle 
says  Epicharmoa  introduced  0,  x  ;  others 
ascribe  to  him  £,  n,  >K  <».  Dr.  Smith,  in 
his  Classical  Dictionary,  tells  us  Simoni- 
des introduced  "the  long  vowels  and 
double  letters"  (n,  •»,  #.  x.  <P>  i).  Lempriere, 
under  "Cadmus,"  ascribes  to  him  (',  £,  <p, 
x;  and  under  "  Simonides,"  »,  u,  f,  ^. 
Others  maintain  that  the  Simonides' 
letters  are  n,  «>,  &  ^. 

Letters  (Father  of),  Francois  I.  of 
France,  Pere  des  Lettres  (1494,  1515- 
1547).  Lorenzo  de'  Medici,  "  the  Mag- 
aiiicent"  (1448-1492). 

Letters  of  the  Sepulchre,  the 
laws  made  by  Godfrey  and  the  patriarchs 
of  the  court  of  Jerusalem.  There  were 
two  codes,  one  respecting  the  privileges 
of  the  nobles,  and  the  other  respecting 
the  rights  and  duties  of  burghers.  These 
codes  were  laid  up  in  a  cotfer  with  the 
treasures  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre. 

Leuca'dia's  Rock,  a  promontory, 
tbe  south  extremity  of  the  island  Leacaa 
or  L,eucadia,  in  the  Ionian  Sea.  Sappho 
leapt  from  this  rock  when  she  found 
her  love  for  Pha'on  unrequited.  At  the 
annual  festival  of  Apollo,  a  criminal  was 
hurled  from  Leucadia's  Rock  into  the  Bea  ; 
but  birds  of  various  Borl  a  were  attached  to 
him,  in  order  to  break  his  fall,  and  if  lie 
was  not  killed  he  was  set  free.  The  leap 
from  this  rock  is  called  "  The  Lovers' 
Leap." 

All  thnso  may  leap  who  rathor  would  be  neuter 
(Leucudin's  Kock  still  overlooks  the  wara). 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  1L  -^5  (1310) 

Leucip'pe  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Menipptu ; 

•  bawd  who  enters  for  king  Antig'onus, 

who,  although  an  old  man,  indulges  in 
the  amorous  follies  of  a  vouth. — Leau- 
monl  and  Pletcher,  'The  llumorous  Lieu- 
tenant ( l  r,  17). 


Leueoth'ea,  once  called  "Ino."  Ath'' 
amas  son  of  ^Eolus  had  by  her  two  sons, 
one  of  whom  was  named 
Athamas  being  driven  mad,  Ino  and 
Melicertes  threw  themselves  into  tlie  sea  ; 
Ino  became  Leucothea,  and  5felicert€s 
became  Palaunon  or  Portumnua  the  god 
of  porta  or  strands.  Leucothea  means 
the  "white  goddess,"  and  is  used  for 
"Matuta"or  the  dawn,  which  orecedea 
sunrise,  i.e.  Aurora. 

By  Leucothca's  lovely  hands, 

And  her  sou  Uiat  rules  Hie  strand... 

Milton.  Comiu,  875  (1CM). 
To  resolute  the  world  with  -acred  licht. 
Leucothea  waked,  and  with  fresh  dewi  •uihalmed 
The  earth. 

Milton,  Panidim  Loit,  xl.  135  (1C6V>). 

Lev'ant  Wind  (The),  the  east  wind, 
from  levant  ("the  sunrise";.  Ponent  in 
the  west  wind,  or  wind  from  the  sunset. 

Forth  rush  the  Levant  and  the  Ponent  win  U 

Milton,  1'anuluv  I.v*t,  x.  7u-l  il<J65). 

Leven  (The  earl  of),  a  parliamentary 
leader, — SirW.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose 
(time,  Charles  I.), 

Leviathan  of  Literature  (The), 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  (1709-1784). 

Lcvites  (The),  in  Drydcn's  Ab 
and  Achitophel,  means  the  nonconformist 
ministers  expelled  by    the   Act  of  Con- 
formity (1681-2). 

Levitt  (Frank),  a,  highwayman. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Lewis  (-Don),  brother  of  Antonio,  and 
uncle  of  Carlos  the  bookworm,  of  whom 
he  is  dotingly  fond.     Don    Lewis    is  no 

scholar  himself,  but  lie  adores  scholar- 
ship. He  is  headstrong  and  testy,  simple- 
hearted  and  kind. 

John  (Quick's  great    parti  wiro   "don    DuK"  "  Torry 
Lumpkin,"  and  ''Bob    Acres"  117-W-lStlJ.— Jiccordt  u/ 

a  .Sraj/e  I'tO  r  in. 

*+*   "Tony  Lumpkin"  in  £ 
Conquer   (Goldsmith);  "Bob  Acres"  in 
!  vols  (Sheridan). 

Leu/is  (Lord),  father  of  Angeli'na. — 
Beaumont     and      Fletcher,       The 
Brother  (1687). 

•  nerall} 
Called  "Monk  Lewis,"  from   his   romance 

. .  reel 
are  the  ballads  of  Or  ro    and 

Bill  Jones.  He  also  wrote  a  dram.  .  l- 
titled   .     •  '  (1776   1818). 

oh!  vondar-worklni  Lewlil  Honk  01  hard, 

.  nrard  I 

1. 1>  I  imalhl  ol  row,  'i"t  laurel,  I I  1 1.)  urow; 

Thj  '  Uou, 

lji  in,  t.nyiiih  H-ndt  and  Soeto*  l..nnrit  l 


LEWIS  BABOON. 


552 


LIBERTY  HALL. 


Lewis  Baboon.  Louis  XIV.  of 
France  is  so  called  by  Dr.  Arlmthnot  in 
aia  History  of  John  Bull.  Baboon  is  a 
pun  on  the  word  Bourbon,  specially  appro- 
priate to  this  royal  "posture-master" 
(1712). 

Lewkner's  Lane  (London),  now 
called  Charles  Street,  Drury  Lane ;  always 
noted  for  its  "soiled  doves." 

The  njrmjihs  of  chute  Diana's  train. 
The  bum  with  those  In  Lewkner's  Lane. 

a  Butler,  Uudibras,  ill.  1  (1678). 

Lew'some  (2  *.</..),  a  young  n 
ami  general  practitioner.  Be  tonus  the 
acquaintance  of  Jonas  Chuzzlewit,  and 
supplies  him  with  the  poison  which  he 
employs.— C  L>ickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit 
(1844). 

Lewson,  a  noble,  honest  character. 
He  is  in  b.ve  with  Charlotte  Beverley, 
and  marries  her,  although  her  brother  has 
gambled  awey  all  her  fortune.— Edward 
Mn.re,  The  Game.str  (1768). 

Leycippes  and  Clitophonta,  n 
romance  m  Creek,  by  Achillea  Tatius,  is 
the  fifth  century  ;  borrowed  1  urgely  from 
the  Theajfenit  and  Charidea  of  Helio- 
dorus  bishop  of  Trikka. 

Liar  (IVif),  a  farce  by  Samuel  Foote 
(1761).  John  Wilding,  a  young  gentle- 
man fresh  from  Oxford,  hits  an  extra- 
ordinary propensity  for  romancing.  He 
invents  the  most  marvellous  tales,  utterly 
regardless  01  truth,  and  thereby  involves 
both  himself  and  others  in  endless  per- 
plexities, He  pretends  to  fall  in  love 
with  a  Miss  Grantam,  whom  he 
dentally  meets,  ami,  wishing  to  know 
her  mime,  is  told  it  is  Godfrey,  and  that 
she  is  an  heiress.  Now  it  so  happens 
that  his  father  wanta  him  to  marry  the 
real  Miss  Grantam,  and,  in  order  to 
avoid  so  doing,  he  says  he  is  already 
married  to  a  Miss  Sibthorpc.  He  after- 
wardB  tells  his  father  he  invented  this 
tale  because  he  really  wished  to  marry 
Miss  Godfrey.  When  Miss  Godfrey  is 
introduced,  he  does  not  know  her,  and 
while  in  this  perplexity  a  woman  enters, 
who  declares  she  is  his  wife,  and  that  her 
maiden  name  was  Sibthorpe.  Again  he 
is  dumfounded,  declares  he  never  saw  her 
in  his  life,  and  rushes  out,  exclaiming, 
"All  the  world  is  gone  mad,  and  is  in 
league  against  me  !  " 

***  The  plot  of  this  farce  is  from  the 
Spanish.  It  had  been  already  taken  by 
Corncille  in  /.<•  Mmtewr  (1642),  and  by 
Steele  in  his  Lying  Lover  (1701). 


Liar  (TJte),  Al  Aswad ;  also  called 
"The  Impostor,"  and  "The  Weather- 
cock." He  6ct  himself  up  as  a  prophet 
against  Mahomet ;  but  frequently  changed 
his  creed. 

M  -iilma  was  also  called  "  The  Liar." 
lie    ^r  -   to    Mahomet,   which 

began  thus  :  "  From  Moseilma  prophet  of 
Allah,  to  Mahomet  prophet  of  Allah;" 
and  received  an  answer  beginning  thus  : 
"  From  Mahomet  the  prophet  of  Allah,  to 
.  Ima  the  Liar." 

Liars  ( The  Prince  of),  Ferdinand  Men- 
dez  Pinto,  a  Portuguese  traveller,  whose 
narratives  deal  so  much  in  the  marvellous 
rvaatea  dubbed  him  "The  Prince 
of  Liars."  He  is  alluded  to  in  the  Tatler 
as  a  man  "  of  infinite  adventure  and  un- 
bounded imagination." 

Bit  J'hn  Mandeville  is  called  "The 
Lying  Traveller"  (UOO-1372). 

Liban'iel  (4  ay/.),  the  guardian  angel 
of   Philip   t  •  —  Klopstock,   The 

.A,  In.  (1748). 

Libec'chio,  the  rcntiu  Lyb'icus  or 
aouth-we-t  wind:  called  in  Latin  A'fer. 
The  word  occurs  in  ParadtSI  Lost,  x.  706 
(16^5). 

Liberator  (TV).  Daniel  O'Connell 
was  so  called  herauin  he  was  the  leader 
of  the  I r i .-> 1 1  party,  which  sought  to  sever 

Ireland  from  England.     Also  called  "The 

Irish  Agitator"  (1776-1847). 

Simon  Bolivar,  who  established  the 
independence  ot  l'eru,  is  so  called  by  the 
Peruviana  (1786-1881). 

Liberator  of  the  New  World 
{The),  Dr.  Franklin  (1706-1790). 

Liberty  (Gixldess  of).  On  December 
20,  171*3,  the  French  installed  the  wor- 
ship of  reason  for  the  worship  of  God, 
and  M.  Chaumette  induced  Mdllc.  Mal- 
liard,  an  actress,  to  personify  the  "god- 
dess of  Liberty."  She  was  borne  in  a 
palanquin,  dressed  with  buskins,  a  Phry- 
gian cap,  and  a  blue  chlamys  over  a 
white  tunic.  Being  brought  to  Notre 
Dame,  she  was  placed  on  the  high  altar, 
and  a  huge  candle  was  placed  behind  her. 
Mdllc.  Halliard  lighted  the  candle,  to 
signify  that  liberty  frees  the  mind  from 
darkness",  and  is  the  "light  of  the  world  ;" 
then  M.  Chaumette  fell  on  his  knees  to 
her  and  offered  incense  as  to  a  god. 

Liberty  ( The  goddess  of).  The  statue  so 
called,  placed  over  the  entrance  of  the 
Palais  Royal,  represented  Mde.  Tallien. 

Liberty   Hall.    Squire    Ilardcaatle 


I 


LIT3ITINA. 


553 


LIGHT  OF  THE  AGE. 


says  to  young  Marlow  and  Hastings,  when 
they  mistake  his  house  for  an  "inn," 
ami  k'ive  themselves  airs,  "  This  is 
Liberty  Hall,  gentlemen  ;  you  may  do 
just  as  you  please  here." — Goldsmith,  Site 
Stoops  to  Conquer,  i.  2  (1773). 

Libiti'na,  the  goddess  who  presides 
over  funerals,  and  hence  in  Latin  an  un- 
dertaker is  called  libitina'rius. 

He  brought  two  physicians  to  visit  me,  who,  by  their 
appwmoce,  seemed  zealous  ministers  of  the  poddaa  Libi- 
Una.— Lesage,  Oil  Blot,  ix.  8(1735). 

Library  (St.  l'ictor's),  in  Paris. 
Joseph  Scaliger  says  "it  had  absolutely 
nothing  in  it  but  trash  and  rubbish." 
Kabelais  gives  a  long  list  of  its  books, 
amongst  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
Tumbril  of  Salvation,  the  Pomegranate  of 
Vice,  the  Henbane  of  Bishops,  the  Mus- 
tard-pot of  Penance,  the  Crucible  of  Con- 
templation, the  Goad  of  Wine,  the  Spur 
of  Cheese,  the  Cobbled-Shoc  of  Humility, 
the  Trivet  of  Thought,  the  Gun's  Rap  on 
the  Knuckles,  the  Pilgrims'  Spectacles,  the 
Prelates'  Bagpipes,  the  Lawyers'  Furred 
Cat,  the  Cardinals'  Rasp,  etc. — Rabelais, 
Pantajruel,  ii.  7  (1533). 

Lichas,  servant  of  Herculee,  who 
brought  to  him  from  Dejani'ra  the 
poisoned  shirt'of  Nessus.  lie  was  thrown 
by  Hercules  from  the  top  of  mount  Etna 
into  the  sea.  Seneca  says  {Hercules)  that 
Lichas  was  tossed  aloft  into  the  air,  and 
sprinkled  the  clouds  with  his  blood. 
Ovid  says:  "  He  congealed,  like  hail,  in 
mid-air,  and  turned  to  stone;  then,  falling 
into  the  Euboic  Sea,  became  a  rock,  which 
still  bears  his  name  and  retains  the 
human  form  "  (Met.,  ix.). 

Let  me  lodtte.  I.'u  hss  on  the  horns  of  tho  moon. 
Stakes)  .eare,  A  tuony  and  Oltojtatra,  net  It.  so.  10  (1608). 

Licked  into  Shape.  According  to 
legend,  the  young  bear  is  bom  a  shapeless 
mass,  and  the  dam  licks  her  cub  into  its 
proper  shape. 

The  she-bear  licks  her  cubs  Into  a  sort 
Of  slmpo. 
Byron.  Tltt  Dtformad  Tram/ormrd.  L  1  (18il). 

Liokitup  {The  laird  of),  friend  of 
Neil    Blanc    the    town    piper.     Sir    W. 

Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Lie.  The  four  P'a  disputed  as  to 
wnieh  could  tx'U  the  greatest  Lie.  The 
Palmer  asserted  thai  he  had  Dererseen  ■ 
woman  out  of  patience  ;  the  other  three 
l''s  (a  Pardoner,  a  Pol  icarj  ,  and  a  Pedlar) 
d  aback  by  tins  assertion  that 
they  instantly  gave  op  the  con 
that  it   \ths  certainly  the  gre  i 


hood   they  had  ever  heard. — John  Hey- 
wood,  The  Four  P's  (1520). 

Lie.     Tennyson 

A  lie  which  is  half  a  truth  Is  ever  the  bhwckwt  of  Da. 
A  lie  which  l.  nil  ■  lie  may  bo  Diet  acid  fought  with  oat. 

rik-ht: 
But  a  lie  which  Is  part  a  truth  L-  i  r  to  Bgfaa. 

The  Ur-iruimotKer. 

Liebenstein  and  Sternfels,  two 
ruined  castles  on  the  Rhine.  Leoline  the 
orphan  was  the  sole  surviving  child  o 
the  lord  of  Liebenstein,  and  two  brothers 
(Warbeck  and  Otto)  were  the  only  r-ur- 
viving  children  of  the  lord  of  Stei 
Loth  these  brothers  fell  in  lOi 
line,  but  as  the  lady  gave  otto  the  pre- 
ference, Warbeck  joined  the  crusades. 
Otto  followed  his  brother  to  Palestine, 
but  the  war  was  over,  and  Otto  brought 
back  with  him  a  Greek  girl,  whom  he 
had  made  his  bride.  Warbeck  now  sent 
a  challenge  to  his  brother  for  this  insult 
to  Leoline,  but  Leoline  interposed  to  stop 
the  fight.  Soon  alter  this  the  Greek  wife 
eloped,  and  Otto  died  childless.  Leoline 
retired  to  the  adjacent  convent  of  Bom- 
hofen,  which  was  attacked  by  robbers, 
and  Warbeck,  in  repelling  them,  received 
his  death-wound,  and  died  in  the  lap  of 
Leoline. —  Traditions  of  the  R     .  . 

Life    (The    Battle    of),    a    Christmas 
story,   by  C.  Dickens  (1846).     It  is  the 
story    of    Grace    and    Marion,    the    two 
daughters  of  Dr.  Jeddler,  both  of  whom 
loved   Alfred    Heathfield,   their  father's 
ward.    Alfred  loved  the  younger  daugh- 
ter; but  Marion,  knowing  of  her 
Love,  Left  her  home  clandestinely,  and  all 
thought   she    had    eloped    with    M 
Warden.      Alfred    then   married   I 
and  iii  due  time  Marion  made  it  known 
to  her  sister  that  she  had  given  up  Alfred 
to  her,  and  had  gone  to  live  with  her  aunt 
Martha  till   the]    were  married, 
sanl   thai    Marion  subsequently  married 
Michael  Warden,  and  found  with  hiic  a 
happy  home. 

Lige'a,  one  of  the  thi  Mil- 

ton giv  •     :  but 

this  is  mixing  Greek  syrens  with  3 
naviau    mermaid-;.       (LrigGa    or    1. 

means  " shrill,"  i  voiced.") 

\Hy\  rati 

1  rocks. 
Sleeking  her  *j(\  a 

MUloii.  flu  1111.  SSO  (1'Tii). 

(The  u  were    i' 

Ligea,  and  Leucos'ia,  no;  I 

Light  of  the  Ago,  Maimon'i 
Rabbi  Moses   ben   Maimon   of  Cor'dova 

111....    12  'I;. 


LIGHT  OF  THE  HARAM. 


564 


LILIS. 


Light  of  the  Haram  [sic],  the 
sultana  Nour'mahal',  afterwards  called 
Nourjeham  ("  light  of  the  world  ").  She 
was  the  bride  of  Selim  son  of  Acbar. — T. 
Moore,  Lalla  Rookh  (1817). 

Light  o'  Heel  (Janet),  mother  of 
Godfrev  Bertram  Hewit.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Manncring  (time,  George  II.). 

Lightbody  (Luckie),  alias  "  Marian 
Loup-the-Dyke,"  mother  of  Jean  Girder 
♦,he  cooper's  Wife. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride 
■if  Lamrnennoor  (time,  William  III.). 

1  lightborn,  the  murderer  who  assas- 
air.iited  Edward  II. — C.  Marlowe,  Ed- 
ward II.  (159'2). 

Lightfoot,  one  of  the  seven  attend- 
ants <if  Kortunio.  So  swift  was  he  of 
foot,  that  he  was  obliged  to  tie  his  leg! 
when  he  went  hunting,  or  else  he  always 
outrun  the  game,  and  so  lost  it. — Com- 
■  |)'Aunov,  Fairy  Talcs  ("  Fortunio," 
1682). 

Lightning.  Benjamin  Franklin  in- 
vented     lightning      conductors ;      hence 

Campbell  sayi  it  is  allotted  to  mar.,  with 

NewtOD  to  mark  the  speed  of   Light,  with 
Herschel  to  discover  planets,  and 

With  Franklin  grasp  Ui«  lightnings  fiery  wing. 

PUxuurei  of  Hope,  1.  117K9). 

Lightning  (Lovers  killed  by).  (See  under 
Lovers.) 

Lightning  Protectors.  Jupiter 
chose  the  eagle  as  the  most  approved 
preservative  against  lightning,  Augustus 
Cesar  the  sea-calf,  and  Tiberius  the 
laurel. — Culluiiulln,  x.  ;  Suetonius,  In 
Vit.  Aug.,  xc.  ;  Suetonius,  In  Vita  Tib., 
lxix. 

Houseleek,  called  "Jupiter's  Beard,"  is 
a  defence  against  lightning  and  evil  spirits ; 
hence  Charlemagne's  edict : 

EC  liabeat  qulsque  supra  domum  suum  Jovls  borbam. 

Lightwood  (Mortimer),  a  solicitor, 
who  conducts  the  "  Harmon  murder  " 
case.  He  is  the  great  friend  of  Eugene 
Wrayburn,  barrister-at-law,  and  it  is  the 
great  ambition  of  his  heart  to  imitate  the 
nonchalance  of  his  friend.  At  one  time 
Mortimer  Lightwood  admired  Bella 
Wilier. — C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend 
(1864). 

Ligurian  Republic  (The),  Ve- 
netia,  Genoa,  and  part  of  Sardinia, 
formed  by  Napoleon  1.  in  1797. 

Ligurian  Sage  (The),  Aulus  Per- 
sius  Ulceus,  the  satirist  (84-62). 


Likeness.  Strabo  (father  of  Poin- 
pey)  and  his  cook  were  exactly  alike. 

Sura  (pro-consul  of  Sicily)  and  a  fisher- 
man were  so  much  alike  that  Sura  asked 
the  fisherman  if  his  mother  had  ever 
been  in  Rome.  "No,"  said  the  man, 
"  but  my  father  has." 

Walter  de  Ilempsham  abbot  of  ranter- 
bury  and  his  shepherd  were  so  alike  that 
when  the  shepherd  was  dressed  in  the 
abbot's  gown,  even  king  John  was  deluded 
by  the  resemblance.  —  Percy,  RttiqMH 
("  King  John  and  the  Abbot  of  Canter- 
bury "). 

%*  The  brothers  Antipholus,  the 
brothers  l>romio,  the  brothers  Memech- 
mus  (called  by  I'lautus.  Sosicles  and 
Mensechuius),  etc. 

LLk'&trond,  the  abode,  after  death, 
of  perjurers,  assassins,  and  seducers. 
The    word    means    "strand   of   corpses." 

:rand  or   shore   of  tho 

dead*- — cVtmdMaoKBi  Mythology. 

Lilburn  (John),  a  contentious  leveller 
in  the  Commonwealth,  of  whom  it  tvaa 
said,  /•  ware  aire*,  John 

qwxrrm  ->-n.  The  epagremmetie 

epitaph  of  John  Lilburn  is  as  follows: — 

Is  John  departed,  and  i«  Lilburn  gonaT 
Farewell  to  both,  to  LillHirn  and  to  Iota  1 
Yet  being  gone,  take  Uiis  advice  Trom  ma: 
1*1  them  not  Uitii  in  one  grave  buried  be. 
Here  lav  ye  John  ;  lay  Lilburn  thereabout ; 
For  if  they  both  should  meet,  they  would  fall  out 

Lili,  immortalized  by  Goethe,  was 
Anna  Elizabeth  Schonemann,  daughter 
of  a  Frankfort  banker.  She  was  16  when 
Goethe  first  knew  her. 

Lilies  (City  of),  Florence. 

Lil'inau,  a  woman  wooed  by  a  phan- 
tom that  lived  in  her  father's  pines.  At 
night-fall  the  phantom  whispered  love, 
and  won  the  fair  Lilinau,  who  followed 
his  green  waving  plume  through  the 
forest,  but  never  more  was  seen. — Ameri- 
can-Indian Legend. 

Told  she  the  tale  of  the  fair  Llllnau,  who  waa  wooed  by  • 

phantom 
That  through  the  pines  o'er  her  father's  lodge,  in  the  huso 

of  the  twilight, 
rlreatl.cd  like  the  evening  wind,  and  whispered  tore  totha 

maiden  ; 
Till  she  followed  his  green  and  waving  plume  thro'  Use 

forest. 
And  never  more  returned,  nor  waa  seen  again   by  he* 

people. 

Longfollow,  Evangtlint,  11.  «  (1*49). 

Lilis  or  Lilith,  Adam's  wife  before 
Eve  was  created.  Lilis  refused  to  submit 
to  Adam,  and  was  turned  out  of  paradise  , 
but  she  still  haunts  the  air,  and  is 
especially  hostile  to  new-bom  children. 

%*  Goethe  has  introduced  her  in  hi* 
Faust  (1790). 


LILLIA-BIANCA. 


555 


LIMBO. 


Lil'lia-Bianca,  the  bright  airy- 
daughter  of  Nantolet,  beloved  by  Pinac 
the  fellow-traveller  of  Mirabel  "the 
wild  goose." — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  wild-goose  Chase  (1652). 

Lilliput,  the  country  of  the  Lilli- 
putians, a  race  of  pygmies  of  very  di- 
minutive size,  to  whom  Gulliver  appeared 
a  monstrous  giant. — Swift,  Qtuliver's 
Travels  ("Voyage  to  Lilliput,"  1726). 

%*  The  voyage  to  Lilliput  is  a  satire 
on  the  manners  and  habits  of  George  I. 

Lilly,  the  wife  of  Andrew.  Andrew  is 
the  servant  of  Charles  Lrisac  a  scholar. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  2'he  Eider  B  rot  Iter 
(1637) 

Lilly  (  William),  an  English  astrologer, 
who  was  employed  during  the  Civil  Wars 
by  both  parties;  and  even  Charles  I. 
consulted  him  about  his  projected  escape 
from  Carisbrookc  Castle  (1602—1681). 

Ho  talks  of  Raymond  Lully  lv"  J  and  the  tjhost  of  Lilly. 
— W.  Gougreve,  Love/or  Love,  iii.  (1695). 

Lillyvick,  t"e  collector  of  water- 
rates,  and  uncle  to  Mrs.  Kenwigs.  He 
considered  himself  far  superior  in  a  social 
point  of  view  to  Mr.  Kenwigs,  who  was 
only  an  ivory  turner :  but  he  deigned  to 
acknowledge  the  relative,  and  confessed 
him  to  be  "an  honest,  well-behaved, 
respectable  sort  of  a  man."  Mr.  Lilly- 
vick looked  on  himself  as  one  of  the 
€lite  of  society.  "  If  ever  an  old  gentle- 
man made  a  point  of  appearing  in  public 
shaved  close  and  clean,  that  old  gentle- 
man was  Mr.  Lillyvick.  If  over  a  col- 
lector had  borne  himself  like  a  collector, 
and  assumed  a  solemn  and  portentous 
dignity,  as  if  he  had  the  whole  world  on 
his  books,  that  collector  was  Mr.  Lilly- 
vick." Mr.  Kenwigs  thought  the  collec- 
tor, who  was  a  bachelor,  would  leave 
each  of  the  Kenwigses  £100;  but  he  "had 
the  baseness"  to  marry  Miss  l'elowker 
of  the  Theatre  Royal,  and  "  swindle  the 
Kenwigses  of  their  golden  6X1 
tions." — C.    Dickens,    A'tcholas   Ntckltby 

Lily  {The),  the  French  king  for  the 
time  being.  So  called  from  the  lilies, 
which,  from  the  time  of  Clovis,  formed 
the  royal  device  of  1'rance.  Tasso 
{Jenualem  Delivered)  calls  them  gigli 
"golden  lilies");  but  lord  Lytton 
calls  them  "  silver  lilies  :  " 

Lord  <  f  tho  silver  II  l< ...  OUIft  thou  tell 
If  the  aunt  f  tte  i«  ill  n  i  inj  •!    conduit  f 
lord  K.  I..  Ii.  I..iu.u.  ik.  DuokeH  d.  l-.i  t  o/;..r.  iliac.) 


Lily  Maid  of  Astolat,  Flaine  (q.v.). 
(See  also  Lauhcblot  and  Li.aink.) 

Lily  of  Medicine  ( The),  a  treatise 
written  by  Bernard  Gord ailed  Litium 

Medicaur  (1480).      (See  GORDONIUS.) 

Limberham,  a  tame,  foolish  • 
Supposed  to  be  meant  for  the  duke    of 
Lauderdale. — Dryden,  Limberham  >r  The 
Kind  Keeper. 

Limbo  (Latin,  limhns,  "an  edu'e "), 
a  sort  of  neutral  land  on  the  confines  of 
paradise,    for    those   who   are   not  i 

enough  for  heaven  and  not  bad  enough 
for  hell,  or  rather  for  those  who  cannot 
(according  to  the  Church  "system")  be 
admitted  into  paradise,  either  tx 
they  have  never  heard  the  gospel  or  else 
have  never  been  baptized. 

These  of  sin 
Were  blameless;  ami  Ifaugfal  tliey  merlN-d. 
ll  profits  not.  ainre  baptism  was  nut  theirs. 
...   If  they  belore 

The  gospel  lived,  they  served  not  Cud  aright. 
.  .  .  Por  then  defect! 
And  for  no  oilier  evil,  we  are  lost, 

I'.ioto.  /ii/emo.  It.  (1300). 

Liinho  of  the  Moon.  Ariosto,  in  his  Or- 
lando Furiosi*,  xxxiv.  To.  says,  in  the 

are  treasured  up  the  precious  time  mit 

in  play,  all  vain  efforts,  all  vows  never 
paid,  all  counsel  thrown  away,  nil  d 
that  lead  to  nothing,  the  vanity  of  titles, 
flattery,  great  men's  promises,  court 
services,  and  death-bed  alms.  Pope 
says : 

There  heroes'  wit*  ore  kept  In  ponderous  rases. 
And  beans'  in  snuff-boxe^  and  tweeter-cases ; 
There  broken  vows  and  defttthbad  alms  are  found. 
And  lovers'  hearts  with  ends  of  nblwi  bound  ; 
The  courtier's  pi  k  ih-am's  privtrs. 

The  smiles  of  harlots,  ami  the  tears  of  heirs; 

gel  for  gnita,  and  chains  to  yoke  a  flea. 
Uried  butterflies,  and  tomes  of  atsul.-try. 

tiepe  o/  the  Lock,  T.  (lrii, 

Limbo  Fiitudnnn  or  the  "  Fools1  Para- 
dise,'   for    idiots,   madmen,   and 
who    are    not   responsible   for  their 
but    yet    have    done    nothing    worthy    01 

salvation.      Millon    Bays,    from   the    ruth 

fly  to  the  Paradise 

All  the  .  I  vain  .    .  .   11*  frits 

n.l  Ml   .   .  . 
All  the  una  n  iture'i  Kind. 

AborUn  .  ..-i  .  .  . 

eased 

A  god,  leaped  fondli  it. 

■  ■')''} 

the  «\i  .  .  . 
Rmbi7oaaad  IdloU,  ir.  ihiic  end  frlarv 

.«•  i.ti.  ui.  us  (l«H 

Limbo    J'atrum,    that    half-way    ho*M 

■•  arid  paradise,  where 

patriarchs    and     ;  nils,     n, ar- 

ts,  an. ail    (he   "  sect  nil 
coming."      1  his,  according  to  some,  is  the 


LIMISSO. 

hades  or  "  hell "  into  which  Christ  de- 
scended when  "  He  preached  to  the 
spirits  in  prison."  I'anttj  places  Limbo 
on  the  confines  of  hell,  but  tells  us  those 
doomed  to  dwell  there  are  "  only  so  far 
afflicted  as  that  they  live  without  hope" 
{Inferno,  iv.). 

I  hare  tome  of  ttiem  In  Limbo  Patrum.  and  there  they 
are  like  to  dance  Uiesu  three  days.— Shakespeare,  //virjr 
fill,  act  r.  ac.  3  (1601). 

Limbo  Puerorum  or  "Child's  Paradise," 

for  unbaptized  infants  too  young  to  com- 
mit actual  sin  but  not  eligible  for  heaven 
because  they  have  not  been  baptized. 

*m*  According  to  Dante,  Limbo  is 
between  hell  and  that  border-land  where 
dwell  "  the  praiseless  and  the  blameless 
dead."     (See  Inkkkno,  p.  473.) 

Limisso,  the  city  of  Cyprus  called 
('aria  by  Ptolemy. —  AriffttO|  Urlaiuio 
Furioso  (1516). 

Lincius.    (See  Ltmckus.) 

Lincoln  {The  bishop  of),  in  the  conn 
of  queen  Elizabeth,    tie  was  1  horns 

EST. — Sir    W.    Scott,    KcnUuorth    (time, 
lizabeth). 

Lincoln  Green.  Lincoln  at  one 
time  dyed  the  best  green  of  all  England, 
and  Coventry  the  best  blue. 

...  and  girU  In  Llnc->tn  pT»"on. 

Drayton,  l'%tl  yvllnon,  ixt.  (1823). 

*i*  Kendal  was  also  at  one  time  noted 
for  its  green.  Hence  Falstafl  speaks  of 
"three  misbegotten  knaves  in  Kendal 
green." — Shakespeare,    1  Henry  IV.  act 

u.  ac.  4  (1597). 

Here  he  a  sort  of  ranted  knaves  come  In. 
Clothed  all  lit  Kuiidale  greene. 

I'laye  o/  Ilobyn  Hood. 

Lincolnshire  Grazier  (.4).  The 
Rev.  Thomas  Hartwell  Home  published 
The  Complete  Grazier  under  this,  pseu- 
donym (1805). 

Linco'ya  (3  s'jl.),  husband  of  Co'atel, 
and  a  captive  of  the  Az'tecas.  "  Once, 
when  a  chief  was  feasting  Madoc,  a 
captive  served  the  food."  Madoc  says, 
"  I  marked  the  youth,  for  he  had  features 
of  a  gentler  race  ;  and  oftentimes  his  eye 
was  fixed  on  me  with  looks  of  more  than 
wonder."  This  young  man,  "the  flower 
of  all  his  nation,"  was  to  be  immolated 
to  the  god  Tezcalipo'ca;  but  on  the  eve  of 
sacrifice  he  made  his  escape,  and  flew  to 
Madoc  for  protection.  The  fugitive 
proved  both  useful  and  faithful,  but 
when  he  heard  of  the  death  of  Coatel,  he 
was   quite   heart-broken.      Ayaya'ca,    to 


656  LI  NET. 


divert   him,   told   him  about   the   spirit- 
land;   and  Lincoya  asked,  "Is  the  way 

thither  long  '! " 

The  old  man  replied.  "  A  way  of  many  moons. 
"  I  know  a  shorter  path.-  nUsw]  the  rout*  ; 
An<l  up  he  sprang,  and  from  Its!  pry 
Parted.     A  inomont ;  ami  Ayayjii-a  heard 
Ills  body  (all  upon  tin'  rocks 

8outhey,  Madoc,  U.  M  (1806). 

Lindab'rides  (4  syl.),  a  euphemisra 
for  a  female  of  no  repute,  a  courtezan. 
Lindabrides  is  the  heroine  of  the  romance 
entitled  The  Mirror  of  Kni-jhthood,  one  of 
the  books  in  don  Quixote's  library  (pt.  I. 
i.  t>),  and  the  name  became  a  household 
word  for  a  mistress.  It  occurs  in  two  of 
sir  W.  Scott's  novels,  Kendworth  and 
i>ck. 

Lindesay,  an  archer  in  the  Scoten 
guard  of  Louis  XL  of  France. — Sir  \V. 
OCOtt,  Qmemtm  Inirirard  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Lin  I  ,'    ■   '  .  one  of  the  embassy  to 

Scotland. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lindor,  a  poetic  swain  or  lover  en 

Do  not.  for  llraren'n  sake,  bring  down  Corydon  and 

Llmlor  u[.m  in.— Sir  W.  Scull 

Lindsay  [Margaret),  tlie  heroine  of  a 
novel  by  professor  John  Wilson,  entitled 
TYialt    of    Mir.  ./,    a    very 

etic  story  (1786-1864). 

Linet',  daughter  of  sir  Pertaunt,  and 
sister  of  Lionus  of  Castle  Perilous 
(ch.  181).     Bei  sistei  was  held  captive 

by  sir  Ironside,  the  Led  Knight  of  the 
Led  Lands.  Linet  went  to  king  Arthur  to 
entreat  that  one  of  his  knights  might  be 
Liberate  her;  but  as  she  refused  to 
give  up  the  name  of  her  sister,  the  king 
said  no  knight  of  the  Kound  Table  could 
undertake  the  adventure.  At  this,  a  VOUng 
man  nicknamed  "lkaumains"  {Garcth), 
who  had  been  serving  in  the  kitchen  for 
tu  elve  months,  entreated  that  he  might  l>e 
allowed  the  quest,  which  the  king  granted. 
Linet,  however,  treated  him  with  the  ut- 
most contumely,  calling  him  dish-washer, 
kitchen  knave,  and  lout;  but  he  over- 
threw all  the  knights  opposed  to  him, 
delivered  the  lady  Liones,  and  married 
her.  (.See  Lynkttk.) — Sir  T.  Malory, 
/  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  lL'O-loJ 
(1470). 

%*  Some  men  nicknamed  her  "The 
Savage"  (ch.  151).  Tennyson,  in  his 
Gareth  ami  Lunette,  makes  Garcth  marry 
l.vnctte,  which  spoils  the  allegory. 
(See  p.  305.) 


LINGO. 


557       LION  ATTENDING  ON  MAN. 


Lingo,  in  O'Keefe's  comedy  Agreeable 
Surprise  (1798). 

Linkinwater  (Tim),  confidential 
clerk  to  the  brothers  Cheeryble.  A  kind- 
hearted  old  bachelor,  fossilized  in  ideas, 
but  most  kind-hearted,  and  devoted  to 
his  masters  almost  to  idolatry.  He  is 
much  attached  to  a  blind  blackbird  called 
''  I > i i: k , "  which  he  keeps  in  a  large  cage. 
The  bird  has  lost  its  voice  from  old  age  ; 
but,  in  Tim's  opinion,  there  is  no  equal 
to  it  in  the  whole  world.  The  old  clerk 
marries  Miss  La  Creevy,  a  miniature- 
painter. 

Punctual  as  the  counting-house  dial,  ...  he  performed 
the  minutest  actions,  And  arranged  the  minutest  articles 
of  hi*  UtUe  room  in  a  precise  and  regular  older.  Paper, 
pons,  ink,  ruler,  sealing-wax,  wafers,  .  .  .  Tim's  hat,  Tim's 
■erapoloutiiy  folded  gwrea,  Tim's  other  coat,  ...  all  had 
their  accustomed  inches  of  space.  .  .  .  There  was  not  a 
more  accurate  instrument  in  existence  thun  Tim  Linkin* 
water.— €.  Dickens,  Kicliolat  Sickleby,  xxxvli.  (ISIS). 

Linklater  (Laurie),  yeoman  of  the 
king's  kitchen.  A  friend  to  Ritchie 
Moniplies. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
jfvjel  (time,  James  I.). 

Linne  (T/ic  Heir  of),  a  groat  spend- 
thrift, who  sold  his  estates  to  .lohn-o '-the- 
Scales,  his  steward,  reserving  for  himself 
only  a  "  poor  and  lonesome  Lodge  in  a 
lonely  glen."  Here  he  found  a  rope,  with 
a  running  noose,  and  put  it  round  his 
neck,  with  the  intention  of  hanging  him- 
self. The  weight  of  his  body  broke 
the  rope,  and  he  fell  to  the  ground,  lie 
now  found  two  chests  of  gold  and  one  of 
silver,  with  this  inscription:  "Once 
more,  my  Bon,  I  set  thee  clear.  Amend 
thy  life,  or  a  rope  must  end  it."  The  heir 
Of  Linne  now  went  to  the  steward  for  the 
loan  of  forty  pence,  which  was  denied 
him.  One  of  the  guests  said,  "  Why, 
John,  yon  ought  to  lend  it,  for  you  had 
the  estates   cheap   enough."      "Cheapl 

Sav  you.  Why,  he  shall  have  tin  in  back 
for  a  hundred  marks  less  than  the  money 
1  gave  for  them."  "Done!"  said  the 
heir    of     Linne  ;    and    counted     out    the 

money.    Tims  he  recovered  his  i 

and  made  the  kind  guest  his  forester. — 
Percy,  Beliqves,  II.  ii.  •'•. 
Lion  (A),  emblem  of   the  tri 

Judah.      In  the  old  church  at  Totn< 

■tone  pulpit  divided  into  compartments 

Containing     shields,    decorated    with     the 

several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  of 
■rhich  this  is  one. 

Judah  Is  a  lion's  whelp-  ...  he  couched  .is  a  lion, 
and  as  an  old  UoD|    who  shall   rouio  him  up  J— ««». 

ills.  it. 

(ton  (  The),  symbol  of  ambition.  When 
Panto  began  the  ascent  of  fame,  he  was 


met  first  by  a  panther  (pleasure),  ami  tl.tp 
by  a  lion  [ambition),  which  tried  to  stop 
his  further  progress. 

A  lion  came 
With  head  erect,  and  hunger  mad. 

Dante.  0*0,  L  (1300). 

Lion  (Tlie),  Henry  duke  of  Bavaria 
and  Saxony,  son  of  Henry  "the  Proud  " 
(1128   l  195). 

Louis  VIII.  of  France,  born  under  th« 
sign  Leo  (1187,  1223-1226). 

William  of  Scotland,  who  chose  a 
red  lion  rampant  for  his  cognizance 
(*,  1166-1214). 

Lion  (TJte  Golden),  emblem  of  ancient 
Assyria.  The  bear  was  that  of  ancient 
Persia. 

Where  is  th'  Assyrian  lion's  golden  hide. 

That  all  the  Bast  once  grasped  In  lordly  paw? 
Where  that  great  Persian  bear,  whose  swelling  prid* 

The  lion's  self  Uire  out  with  rav'nousjaw  J 

l'hin.  Fletcher,  1  he  J'urjle  ItluuJ.  vii.  (1S33). 

Lion  (The  Valiant),  Alcp  Arslan,  son 
of  Togrul  Beg  the  Perso-Turkish  mon- 
arch (*,  1003- 107 1'). 

Lion  Attending  on  Man. 

Una  was  attended  by  8  lion.  Spenser 
says  that  Una  was  seeking  St.  » ii 
and  as  she  sat  to  rest  herself,  a  lion 
rushed  suddenly  out  of  a  thicket,  with 
mouth  and  lashing  tail  ;  but  as  it 
drew  near,  it  was  awc-struek,  licked  her 
feet  and  hands,  and  followed  her  like  at 
dog.      SansloV  slew   the   faithful   bea6t. — 

Faery  Queen.  I.  iii.  42  (1590). 

%*  This  is  an  allegory  of  the  Refor- 
mation.      The    "lion       means    England, 

and  "  Una  "  means  truth  or  the  reformed 
religion.      Englau  I  I  I    waited  on 

truth  or  the  Reformation.      "Sanaloy" 
queen  Mary  or  false  faith,  which 
killed    the    lion,   or   separated    England* 
from  truth  (or  the  true  faith).      It  might 

seem    tO   some   that    San-foy   should   have 

been  substituted  for  Sanaloy;  but  this 
could  not  be,  because  Sansfoy  had  been 

slam  already. 

Sir  K<i\iin  (/<•  QcUUa  i  r  « 

tended  by  ■  lion,  which,  in  grati- 
tude tO  the  knight,  who   had   delivered   it 

from   a  serpent,   ever  alter  became   bia 

faithful   servant,  approaching  the   knight 

with  tears,  and  rising  on  its  hind  • 

r  was  aided  by 
a    lion  8  '"'•  m  '•    ,lllt  ,ne 

faithful  brute  was  drowned  in  attempting 
to  follow  the  vessel  in  which  the  knight 
had  embarked  on  bis  departure  from  the 
Holy  Land. 

rvu,r  is  represented  as  attends*] 

lirm.     (See  Ammuk  i.rs,  p.  37.) 


LION  OF  GOD. 


558 


LIR. 


Lion  of  God  (The),  Ali,  son-in-law 
of  Mahomet.  He  was  called  at  birth 
"The  Rugged  Lion"  (at  JlalJara)  (602, 
655-661). 

Ilamza,  called  "The  Lion  of  God  and 
of   His  Prophet."     So   Gabriel  b 
hornet  his  uncle  was  registered  in  heaven. 

Iiion  of  Janina,  Ali  Pasha,  over- 
thrown in  1*12  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  (1741, 
1788-1822). 

Lion  of  the  North  (The),  Gus- 
tavus  Adolphus  (1594,  1811-1682). 

Lion-Heart.  Richard  I.  was  called 
Cceur  de  Lion  because  he  plucked  out  a 
lion's  heart,  to  which  beast  he  h:nl  been 
exposed  by  the  duke  of  Austria,  for 
having  slain  his  son. 

It  b  aayd  that  a  l)on  was  put  to  kyn.-e  Richards,  heylng 
In  prison,  ...  to  dfUMf  bin  ;  and  when  the  lyon  «u 
(rap)iige,  he  put  his  vine  in  hU  mouth.  aiul  puilnl  Uie 
the  narte  to  bard  that  he  (lew*  Uie  I) on  ;  and 
therefore  ...  ho  In  called  lUcharde  Cure  dm  If/Mi, — 
RasUU.  ChronUtt  (15J2). 

Lion  King  of  Assyria,  Anoeh  at 
1897). 

Lion  Rouge  (Le),  marshal  Nry, 
who  had  red  huir  und  red  whiskers 
C 1 7<sn— i  «ir>>. 

Lion-Tamer.    One  of  the  m 
markabla  was   Ellen    liri^ht,    who    ex- 
bibited  in  Wombwell'i  i  Bhe 

was   killed   by  a  tiger  in   I860,  aged    J 7 

years. 

Lions   (White   ami   Bad),      I 

John,  in  his  Letter  to  Manuel  Comnfinus 
emperor  of  Constantinople,  nays  his  land 
is  the  "  home  of  white  and  red  lions " 
(1166). 

Lion's  Provider  (The),  the  jackal, 
whirh  often  starts  prey  that  the  lion 
appropi 

...  the  poor  Jackals  are  less  f'>ul 
(As  belli*  the  brmvi-  II  ■  ■■■ten) 

Than  human  InwcU  catering  for  s|>t  i 

B/roa,  Om  Juwm,  bv  B  (1804). 

Lionel  and  Clarissa,  an  open  by 
Piekerstatf.  Sir  John  Flowerdale  has  a 
daughter  named  d  mines,  whose  tntor  is 
Lionel,   an    Oxford    graduate.     Colonel 

Oldboy,  liis  neighbour,  has  ■  son  named 
Jessamy,  ■  noodle  and  a  fop  ;  and  a 
daughter,  Diana.  A  proposal  is  made 
foi » llarissa  Flowerdaleto  marry  Jessamy; 

but  she  despises  the  prig,  and  loves  LioneL 
After  a  little  embroglio,  sir  John  gives  his 
sonsent  to  this  match.  Now  for  Diana: 
rlnrman,  a  guest  of  Oldboy's,  tells  him 
he   is   in    love,  but    that   the   fatlier  of   the 

lady   will   not  consent  to  his   marriage. 

Oldboy  advises  him  to  elope,   lends  his 


carriage  and  horses,  and  writes  a  letter 
for  llarman,  which  he  is  to  send  to  the 
girl's  father.  llarman  follows  this  advice, 
and  elopes  with  Diana  ;  but  Diana  n 
returns  home  unmarried,  and  era. 
father's  forgiveness.  The  old  colonel 
yields,  the  lovers  are  united,  and  Oldboy 
says  he  likes  Harm  an  the  better  for  hia 
pluck  and  manliness. 

Lionell  (Sir),  brother  of  sir  Launce- 
lot,     son     of     Ban    king    of     Benw  ieh 

•  my). 

Liones  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  sir  Per- 
saunt  ■  Perilous,  where  she  was 

held    captive    by    sir    Ironside,    the    hV  d 
Knight  of  the  Bed  Lands.     Her 
Linet'  went  to  the  court  of  kint;  Arthur 
it  some  knight  would  under- 
take to  deliver  her  from  her  op]  I 
but  as  she  refused  to  give  up  the  D  I 
the  lady,  the  king  said  no  knight  of  the 
Round  Table  could  undertake  the  Quest. 
<  »n  this,  a  stranger,  nicknau 
mains  '  from  the  unusual  size  of  his  hands, 
and   who    had    BSTTed    in   the   kite! 

•  months,  begged  to  be  sent,  and 

was  Ranted.     11 
scornfully  treated   by    Linet ;  but  suc- 

m  overthrowing  every  knight  who 
1  him,  and,  after  combating  from 
dawn   to  ^'lnset  with  sir   Ironside,  made 
him  also  do  homage.     The  lady, 
now  free,  married   the  "kitchen  knight, 
who   S  '  .  son  of  Lot 

:    <  rrkney,   and   Linet  married  his 
brother     Ca'hcris.        (See     LyOsTO 
Castle  Perilous.)—  rry,  History 

.      Arthur,  i.  120-153  (147U). 

Li'onesse    (3    s.v'-),     Lyonesse,    or 
.   a  tract  of  land   between   Lsind's 
End  and  the  Seilly  Isles,  now  subu. 
"full    forty    fathoms    under  water."      It 
fornod    a    part    of   Cornwall.      Th 
Tristram   de    Liont's    is   always    called  a 
Cornish  knight.      When  asked  his  name, 
Mr  Kay  that  he   is  sir  Tristram 
de  Lionds  ;  to  which  the  seneschal  an 
"Yet  heard  I  never  in  no  place  that  any 
good  knight  came  out  of  Cornwall." — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prime*  Arthur,  ii. 
66  (1470).     (See  L 

*„*  Respecting  the  knights  of  Coni- 
wall,  sir  Mark  the  king  of  Cornwall  had 
thrown  the  whole  district  into  bad  odour. 
lie  was  false,  cowardly,  mean,  and  most 
onknightly. 

Lir.  The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Lir. 
This  is  one  of  the  three  tragic  stories  of 
the  ancient  Irish.    The  other  two  are  Th* 


LIRIS. 


559 


LITTLE  CORPORAL. 


Death  of  the  Children  of  Touran  and  The 
Death  of  the  Children  of  Usnach.  (See 
Fionnuala.) — O'  Flanagan,  Transactions 
of  the  Gaelic  Society,  i. 

•„*  Lir  (King)  father  of  Fionnuala. 
On  the  death  of  Fingula  (the  mother  of 
his  daughter),  he  married  the  wicked 
Aoife,  who,  through  spite,  transformed 
the  children  of  Lir  into  swans,  doomed 
to  float  on  the  water  for  centuries,  till 
they  hear  the  first  mass-bell  ring.  Tom 
Moore  has  versified  this  legend. 

Silent,  0  Moyle,  be  the  roar  of  thy  water  ; 

Break  not,  ye  breezes,  your  chain  of  repose — 
While  murmuring  mournfully  Lir's  lonely  daughter 

Tells  to  the  night-star  her  tale  of  woes. 
Moore,  Iruh  MelodUt  I"  Song  of  Fionnuala."  1S14). 

Liris,  a  proud  but  lovely  daughter  of 
the  race  of  man,  beloved  by  Rubi,  lirst 
of  the  angel  host.  Her  passion  was  the 
love  of  knowledge,  and  she  was  capti- 
vated by  all  her  angel  lover  told  her  of 
heaven  and  the  works  of  God.  At  last 
she  requested  Rubi  to  appear  before  her 
in  all  his  glory,  and,  as  she  fell  into  his 
embrace,  was  burnt  to  ashes  by  the  rays 
which  issued  from  him. — T.  Moore,  Loves 
of  the  Angels,  ii.  (1822). 

Lisa,  an    innkeeper's   daughter,  who 

wishes  to  marry  Elvi'no  a  wealthy  far- 
mer; but  Elvino  is  in  love  with  Ami'na. 
Suspicious  circumstances  make  Elvino 
renounce  his  true  love  and  promise 
marriage  to  Lisa;  but  the  suspicion  is 
shown  to  be  causeless,  and  Lisa  is  dis- 
covered to  be  the  paramour  of  another. 
So  Elvino  returns  to  his  tirst  love,  and  Lisa 
is  left  to  Alessio,  with  whom  she  had  been 
living  previously. — Bellini's  opera,  La 
tkiniuanoula  (1831). 

Lis'boa  or  Lisbo'a,  Lisbon. 

"Lisette.  Les  Infide'lite's  de  Lisctte  and 
La  Gucux  are  the  two  songs  which,  in 
1813,  gained  for  Beranger  admission  to 
the  "Caveau,"  a  club  of  Paris,  established 
in  1729  and  broken  up  in  171'.),  but  re- 
established in  180G  and  finally  closed  in 
is  1 7. 

Les  Infddite's  supposes  that  Be'ranger 

loved  Lisette,  who  bestowed  her  favours 
on  sundry  admirers  ;  and  Be'rangei",  at 
each  new  proof  of  infidelity,  "drowned 
his  sorrow  in  the  bowl." 

Lisette,  ma  l.i >  itta, 
In  m'M  trompe  toujour*; 
Mais  vive  la  grisotte  I 
Je  ram,  Unite, 
Botro  a  nog  amours. 

Let  InfldAlUit  de  r.lt.tte. 

Lismaha'go  (Captain),  a  super- 
annuated officer  on  hall -pay,  who  marries 

>'iss  Tabitha   Bramble   lor  the  sake  of 


her  £4000.  He  is  a  hard-featured,  for- 
bidding Scotchman,  singular  in  dress, 
eccentric  in  manners,  self-conceited 
pedantic,  disputatious,  and  rude.  Though 
most  tenacious  in  argument,  he  can  yield 
to  Miss  Tabitha,  whom  he  wishes  to  con- 
ciliate. Lismahago  reminds  one  of  don 
Quixote,  but  is  sufficiently  unlike  to  b« 
original. — T.  Smollett,  T/ie  Expedition  of 
Humphry  Clinker  (1771). 

Lissardo,  valet  to  don  Felix.  He 
is  a  conceited  high-life-below-stairs  fop, 
who  makes  love  to  Inis  and  Flora. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The  Wuiuier  (1713;. 

Lee  Lewes  (1740-1803)  played  "  Lissanlo  "  In  the  style  of 
his  great  master  [  Hoodwird],  and  moot  divertlngly.— 
Boaden,  At;--  o/  Mrt.  Siddoiu. 

Lis'uarte  (The  Exploits  and  Adven- 
tures of),  part  of  the  series  of  Lt  .t<*nan 
des  Bomans,  or  that  pertaining  to 
"  Am'adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  was 
added  by  Juan  Diaz. 

Literary  Foi'gers.  (See  Foroeks.) 

Literature  (/  fern  French), 

Claude  de  Seyssel  (1450-1520). 

Literature  (Father  of  German),  Gott- 
hold  Bphraim  Lessing  (1729-1781). 

Littimer,  the  painfully  irreproach- 
able valet  of  Steerforth ;  in  whose 
presence  David  Copperfield  feels  always 

most  uncomfortably  small.  Though  as 
a  valet  he  is  propriety  in  Sunday  best,  he 
is  nevertheless  cunning  and  deceitful. 
Steerforth,  tired  of  "Little  Em'ly," 
wishes  to  marry  her  to  Littimer  ;  but 
from  this  lot  she  is  rescued,  and  migrates 
to  Australia.— 0.  Dickens,  David  Copper- 
field  (1849). 

Little  (Inomaa).  Thomas  Moore  pub- 
lished, in  1808,  a  volume  of  amatory 
poems  under  this  n»m  de  plume.  The 
preface  is  signed  J.  II.  EL  11. 

Ola  !— young  CMnttDl  of  hU  day, 
As  sweet  but  h  Immoral  M  lii-  lay. 
Byron.  I'njltth  OoraU  aiul  Scutch  licrietreri  (13091. 

Little  Britain,  Brittany  :  also  called 
Armor'ica,  and  in  Arthurian  romance 
Benwicke  or  Benwick. 

%*  There  is  a  part  of  London  called 
"Little  Britain."    It  lies  between  Christ's 

Hospital      (the      Blue-COat     School)     and 

Aldersgate  Street  It  was  here  that  Mr. 
Jaggers  had  his  chambers.  (Sec  J.u;- 
OBR8,  p.  486.) 

Little  Corporal  (The).  General 
Bonaparte  was  so  called  after  the  battle 
of  Lodi  in  1796,  from  his  youthful  age 
and  low  stature. 


LITTLE  DORRIT. 


5G0      LITTLE  RED  RIDING-HOOD. 


Iiittle  Dorrit,  the  heroine  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  C.  Dickens  (1867).  Little 
Dorrit  was  born  and  brought  up  in  the 
Marshalsea  prison,  Bermondfley,  where 
her  father  was  confined  for  debt ;  and 
when  about  11  years  of  age  she  used  to 
do  needlework,  to  cam  a  subsistence  for 
herself  and  her  father.  The  child  had  a 
pale,  transparent  face ;  quick  in  expres- 
sion, though  not  beautiful  in  feature.  Her 
eyes  were  a  soft  hazel,  and  her  figure 
Blight.  The  little  dove  of  the  prison  was 
idolized  by  the  prisoners,  and  when  she 
walked  out,  every  man  in  I'ermondsey 
who  passed  her,  touched  or  took  off  his 
hat  out  of  reaped  to  her  good  works  and 
active  benevolence.  Her  father,  coming 
into  a  property,  was  set  free  at  length, 
and  Little  Dorrit  married  Arthur  I  lcn- 
nam,  the  marriage  service  being  celebrated 
in  the  Marshalsea,  by  the  prison  chaplain. 

Little-Endians  and  Big-En- 
dians,  two  religious  factions,  which 
waged  incessant  war  with  each  other  on 
the  right  interpretation  of  the  fifty-fourth 
chapter  of  the  Bltm'decral:  "All  true 
believers  break  their  eggs  at  the  con- 
venient end."  The  godfather  of  Calin 
1  Hilar  Plane,  the  reigning  emperor  of 
Lilliput,  happened  to  cut  his  finger  while 
breaking  his  egg  at  the  big  end,  and 
therefore  commanded  all  faithful  Lilli- 
putians to  break  their  eggs  in  future  at 
the  small  end.  The  Blefnacudiana  called 
this  decree  rank  heresy,  and  determined 
to  exterminate  the  believers  of  such  an 
abominable  practice  from  the  face  of  the 
earth.  Hundreds  of  treatises  were  pub- 
lished on  both  sides,  but  each  empire 
put  all  those  books  opposed  to  its  own 
views  into  the  Index  Lxpunjatorius,  and 
not  a  few  of  the  more  zealous  sort  died 
as  martyrs  for  daring  to  follow  their 
private  judgment  in  the  matter. — Swift, 
Gullivers  IraveU  ("  Voyage  to  Lilliput," 
172G). 

Little  French  Lawyer  (Thc)^a. 
comedy  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1647). 
The  person  so  called  is  La  Writ,  a 
wrangling  French  advocate. 

Little  Gentleman  in  Velvet 
(To  the),  a  favourite  Jacobite  toast  in  the 
reign  of  queen  Anne.  The  reference  is  to 
the  mole  that  raised  the  hill  against  which 
the  horse  of  William  III.  stumbled  while 
riding  in  the  park  of  Hampton  Court.  By 
this  accident  the  king  broke  his  collar- 
bone, a  severe  illness  ensued,  and  he  died 
early  in  170*2. 

Little   John  (whose  surname    was 


Nailor),  the  fidus  Achates  of  Robin  Hood. 
He  could  shoot  an  arrow  a  measured 
mile  and  somewhat  more.  So  could 
Robin  Hood ;  but  no  other  man  ever 
lived  who  could  |<erform  the  same  feat. 
In  one  of  the  Robin  Hood  ballads  we  are 
told  that  the  name  of  this  free-shootei 
was  John  Little,  and  that  William  Stutely , 
in  merry  mood,  reversed  the  names. 

"O,  here  U  my  hand,"  the  stranger  replyed; 

"  111  serve  you  with  all  my  whole  heart. 
My  niune  U  John  Lit  tie.  a  man  of  good  mettle  | 

Ne'er  douht  me.  for  111  play  my  part." 
He  was,  I  must  tell  you.  full  seven  foot  Ugh, 

And  ma>be  an  ell  in  the  waste  .  .  . 
Brave  Stutely  said  then  .  .  . 
"This  infant  was  called  John  Little,"  quoth  he ; 

"  Which  name  shall  be  changed  anon  : 
Pie  words  »e  II  ir;ii:s|.«*.  so  wherever  he  goes 

His  name  shall  t*  called  Little  John." 
Rltaon.   Kobin  Hood  lialladt,  II.  11  (before  1689). 

%•  A  bow  (says  Ritson)  which  be- 
longed to  Little  John,  with  the  name 
Naylor  on  it,  is  now  in  the  possession  of 
a  gentleman  in  the  west  riding  of  York- 
shire. Scott  has  introduced  Little  John 
in  The  Talisnian  (time,  Richard  1.) 

Little  John  (Bugk).  John  Hugh  Lock- 
hart,  grandson  of  sir  W.  Scott,  is  so  called 
by  sir  Walter  in  his  Tales  of  a  Grand- 
father, written  for  his  grandson. 

Little  Marlborough,  count  von 
Schwerin,  a  Prussian  field-marshal  and 
a  companion  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough 
(1684-1767). 

Little  Nell,  a  child  distinguished 
for  her  purity  of  character,  though  living 
in  the  midst  of  selfishness,  impurity,  and 
crime.  She  was  brought  up  by  her 
grandfather,  who  was  in  his  dotage,  and 
having  lost  his  property,  tried  to  eke  out 
a  narrow  living  by  selling  lumber  or 
curiosities.  At  length,  through  terror  of 
Quilp,  the  old  man  and  his  grandchild 
stole  away,  and  led  a  vagrant  life,  the 
one  idea  of  both  being  to  get  as  far  as 
possible  from  the  reach  of  Quilp.  They 
finally  settled  down  in  a  cottage  overlook- 
ing a  country  churchyard,  where  Nell 
died.— C.  Dickens,  f/ie  Old  Curiosity 
Shop  (1840). 

Little  Peddlington,  an  imaginary 
place,  the  village  of  quackery  and  cant, 
egotism  and  humbug,  affectation  and 
flattery. — John  Poole,  Little  Peddlington. 

Little  Queen,  Isabella  of  Valois, 
who  was  married  at  the  age  of  eight  yean 
to  Kichard  II.  of  England,  and  was  » 
widow  at  13  years  of  age  (1387-1410). 

Little  Red  Riding-Hood  (Le 
Petit  CRaj  eron  Souge),  from  Les  Contecai 


LITTLK.IOHN. 


661       Local  DESIGNATIONS,  BIC. 


Charles  Perrault  (1697).  Ludwig 
reproduced  tin;  Bame  tale  in  bit 
marchen  {Popular  Stories),  in  L795,  under 
the  German  title  Lcben  und  Tod  des 
n  Rb'ihkappchen.  A  little  girl 
(akee  a  present  to  her  grandmother  ;  bul 
a  wolf  has  assumed  the  place  <>f  the  old 
woman,  and,  when  the  child  gets  into  bed, 
(devours  her.  The  brothers  Grimm  have 
.reprciiluced  this  tale  in  German.  In  the 
Swedish  version,  Red  Riding-Hood  is  a 
young  woman,  who  takes  refuge  in  a 
tree,  the  wolf  gnaws  the  tree,  and  the 
lover  arrives  just  in  time  to  see  his 
mistress  devoured  by  the  monster. 

Xiittlejohn  (Bailie),  a  magistrate  at 
Pairport. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Live  to  Please  .  .  .  Dr.  Johnson,  in 
the  prologue  Bpoken  by  Garrick  at  the 

opening  of  l>rury  Lane  in  17  17,  says: 

The  dmma'a  Uws  Uie  drama's  patTOIli  gtre, 

r<»r  He  tl.at  live  BO  plMM,  mu>t  ploBM  Iu  live. 

Livy  (The  L'ttssian),  Nicholas  Mi- 
chaclovitch  Karamzin  (1765-1826). 

Livy  of  France,  Juan  de  Mariana 
(1687-1624). 

Livy  of  Portugal,  Jotfo  de  Barros 
(I486  1670). 

Lizard  Islands,  fabulous  islands. 
where  damsels,  outcast  from  the  rest  of 
the  world,  lind  a  home  and  welcome. — 
Torqoemada,  Qardenof  Flowers. 

Lizard  Point  (Cornwall),  a  corrup- 
tion of  Lazarus  Potnt,  being  a  place  of 
retirement  for  lazars  or  lent  re. 

Lla'ian,  the  unwed  mother  of  prince 
HoeL  His  father  was  prince  Iloel,  the 
illegitimate  son  of  kin.:  Owen  of  North 
Wales.  Hoel  the  father  was  slam  in  battle 
by  his  half-brother  David,  successor  to 
■Dethrone;  and  Llaian,  with  her  young 
son.  also  called  Hod,  accompanied  prince 
Hadoc  to  America. — Southey,  Modoc 
(1805). 

Llewonyn,  s»n  of   Yorwerth,  and 

grandson  of  (twin  king  of  North  Wales. 

xorwerth   was  the  eldest   son,  bnl  was 

nise  be  had  a  blemish  in  the 

and    his     half-brother     David    was 

kin,.'.  David  began  his  reign  by  killing 
or  banishing  till  the  family  of  his  lather 
who     nn^'ht.     disturb     his    buc<  ■ 

e  killed  was  Xorwerth, 
■  nee  of  which  Llewellj  n  re- 
solved to  avenge  his  father's  death  ;  and 
bis    hatred     against     his    uncle    was    un- 
bounded.— Soutln-y,  J/.u/V  (iwi.r,). 


Lloyd  with  an  "  I.." 

<-onrli  rn.ikrr  aune  with  hi*  Ml 
culled.   I 
think.    Mr.   I.I... 

1   rl    '    '    H  |     ■      I  i.,vt  who  an'  I.-J"    |i  w...  will,  ».,  "1." 
'•  In  your  pari  oft 
I 

"  V.r>  often.  Indeed,  my  lard."  ni  i 
say  ili.it  you  51-11  your  name  with  an  •  ft"    "  Always,  my 
lari."     "  Tt.n;.    n.y  Lloyd,  U  a  little  unlnrky;   for  I  am 
paying  my  debt*  alphal*tically.  and  in  four  nr   I 

I  ha\e  r..ii>.-  in  wuti  tl,c  -  r  V  :  nut  1  am  afraid 
■  •  you  no  hopes  for  your  ■  L."    Good  moniliuj."— 
8.  Foote,  T\e  Lame  J.onr. 

Lloyd's  Books,  two  enormous 
ledger-looking  volumes,  raised  01 
at  right  and  left  of  the  entrance  to  Lloyd's 
Rooms.  These  books  give  the  principal 
arrivals,  and  all  losses  by  wreck,  : 
Other  accident  at  sea.  The  entries  are 
written  in  a  fine,  bold,  Roman  hand, 
legible  to  all  readers. 

*m*  J  is  a  London  periodical, 

in  which  the  shipping  red  at 

Lloyd's  Rooms  is  n  gularly  published. 

L.  N.  R.,  initialism  of  Mrs.  Kanvard, 
authoress  of  The  I  v,   The 

Jlissiibj  Link,  etc.   Died  1879. 

Loathly   Lady   (The),    a    hideous 

creature,  whom  sir  (iaw'ain   inarro 

who  immediately  becorj  beau- 

tiful    woman. — The    Marriage    • 

i  (a  ballad). 
Tlia  walls  .  .  .  were  cloUied  with   Rrlm  old    I 
I  n^  t lie  memoral  - 

.  .  .  Willi  Hie  Loathly  Lady.— .Mr  W.  .- 

Lobalm,   one   of   the   soreen 

the  caverns   of    I»oin    l>aniel,  "under   the 

roots  of  the  ocean."     rhese  Bpiritswera 

:  V  one  of  t 

ot   Hodeirah,  and,  therefore,  they 
cuted  the  whole  of  that  race  even  to 

Tal'aba,  however,  escaped  their  malice, 
and  became   their  destroyer.      <  ikl  a  tried 

to  kill  him,  but  failed.     Abdaldar  \wus 

next    sent    against   him,  and   would 

si  nick  the  lad  in  prayer,  but  was  himself 
killed  by  a  Bimoom.      l.obal.a  w.is  the 

third    envoy    sent    ' 

1  le  assumed  the  guise  of  an  old  merchant, 
and  beguiled  the  young  man  into  the 
wilderness,  "here  he  roused  up  a  furious 
whirlwind  ;    but     I  i,  and 

Lobaba  Inn 

which  he  b  i  B  •  •» 

.  . 

LolmI    1>  mis   and  Lan. 

oaahire  Manufactured,  eta 


2  o 


LOCH  AW. 


562 


LODBKOG. 


COSGIETOX,  joints. 
ECCLK8,  cake*. 
Evebton,  toffeys. 
Glasgow,  cations. 
Gorton,  hull-dogs. 
I.itkbpool,  gentlemen. 
I.i  in  rx  in,  gents. 
Mam  iiksteb.  men. 
M  \  sen  kstkb.  cottons. 
MlHHLKTiiN.  moowt. 
OBIUKIRK,  ■iiii;/eruread. 
OWDAN  |  Oldham  J,  chaps. 
Paisi.ky,  bodies. 
RADCLIFFB.  naperi. 
ROOHDALB,  gavbiex. 
SrKKTPoRi).  black-puddings. 
Washington,  ale. 


Manchester  Ouardtan, 

Loch  aw.  It's  a  far  cry  to  Lochaw, 
i.e.  his  lands  are  very  extensive.  Lochaw 
was  the  original  seat  of  the  Campbells  ; 
and  so  extensive  were  their  possessions, 
that  no  cry  or  challenge  could  reach  from 
one  end  of  them  to  the  other. 

Tjochiel'  (2  syl.).  Sir  Evan  Cameron, 
lord  of  I.iicliicl,  surnamed  "The  Black" 
and  "The  Ulysses  of  the  Highlands," 
died  1719.  His  son,  called  "Die 
Gentle  Lochiel,"  is  the  one  referred  to 
by  Thomas  Campbell  in  Lochwl's  Warn- 
ing. He  fought  in  the  battle  of  Cnllo'den 
for  prince  Charles,  the  Young  Pretender 
(1746). 

Lochiel,  Lochlcl,  beware  of  the  day 
When  tin-  Lowlandi  -IinJl  inert  tliec  In  battle  array  I 
Tor  a  fithl  of  tfaedfttd  rushes  red  on  my  Ni^'ht, 
And  the  clans  of  Cullu  Mi  n  ur>-  Katterad  in  fltlit. 

Campbell,  Luchiei's  Warning. 
And  Cameron,  In  the  shock  of  steel. 
Die  like  (lie  offspring  of  LochieL 

Sir  W.  Scott,  field  uf  Waterloo. 

Lochinvar',  a  young  Highlander, 
in  love  with  a  lady  at  Netherby  Hall 
(condemned  to  marry  a  "  laggard  in 
love  and  a  dastard  in  war").  Her 
young  chevalier  induced  the  too-willing 
lassie  to  be  his  partner  in  a  dance  ;  and 
while  the  guest3  were  intent  on  their 
amusements,  swung  her  into  his  saddle 
and  made  off  with  her  before  the  bride- 
groom could  recover  from  his  amaze- 
ment.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Marmion  (1808). 

Lochleven  (The  lady  of),  mother  of 
the  regent  Murray. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Lochlm,  the  Gaelic  name  for  Scan- 
dinavia. It  generally  means  Denmark. 
— Ossian,  Fin  gal, 

Lockit,  the  jailer  in  Gay's  Beggar's 
Opera,  lie  was  an  inhuman  brute,  who 
refused  to  allow  captain  Macheath  any 
more  candles  in  his  cell,  and  threatened  to 
clap  on  c^tra  fetters,  unless  he  supplied 
Viim  with  more  "  irarnish "  (Jul!  fees). 
Lockit  loaded  his  prisoners  with  fetters 


in  inverse  proportion  to  the  fees  which 
they  paid,  ranging  "from  one  guinea  to 
ten."  (See  Lucy.) — J.  Gav,  The  Beggar's 
Opera  (1727). 

The  quarrel  between  Peachum  and  Lockit  ra  an 
allusion  to  a  personal  collisiun  between  Walpole  and  his 
colleague  lord  Townsend.— R.  Chambers,  English  LUerm- 
ture.  I.  67L 

Locksley,  in  Nottinghamshire,  the 
birth  place  of  Robin  Hood. 

In  Locksly  town.  In  merry  Nottinghamshire, 

In  merry,  sweet  Locksly  town, 
then  bold  Robin  Hi»«l  was  born  and  m  bred, 

Bold  Itoblll  of  famous  renOWB. 

Kitson.  Jlobin  Hood,  11.  1  (17861 

Locksley,  alias  "  Robin  Hood,"  an 
archer  at  the  tournament  (ch.  xiii.). 
Said  to  have  been  the  name  of  the  village 
where  the  outlaw  was  born. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhve  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Locksley  Hall,  a  poem  by  Tenny 
son,  in  which  the  hero,  the  lord  of 
Locksley  Hall,  having  been  jilted  by  his 
cousin  Amy  for  a  rich  boor,  pours  forth 
his  feelings  in  a  flood  of  vehement  scorn 
ami  indignation.  The  poem  is  under- 
stood to  have  been  occasioned  by  a  sim- 
ilar incident  in  the  poet's  own  life. 

Locrine  (2  syl.),  father  of  Sabri'na, 
and  eldest  son  of  the  mythical  Rrutus 
king  of  ancient  Britain.  On  the  death 
of  his  father,  Locrine  became  king  of 
Loe'gria  [England). 

Locusta,  a  by-word  of  infamy.  She 
lived  in  the  early  part  of  the  Roman 
em  [lire.  Loeust.a  poisoned  Claudius  and 
Britannicua,  and  attempted  to  destroy 
Nero,  but,  being  found  out,  was  put  to 
death. 

IiOda  or  Cruth-Loda,  a  Scandi- 
navian god,  which  dwelt  "  on  the  misty 
top  of  U-thorno  .  .  .  the  house  of  the 
spirits  of  men."  -Fingal  did  not  worship 
at  the  "stone  of  this  power,"  but  looked 
on  it  as  hostile  to  himself  and  friendly 
to  his  foes.  Hence,  when  Loda  appeared 
to  him  on  one  occasion,  Fingal  knew  it 
was  with  no  friendly  intent,  and  with  his 
sword  he  cleft  the  intrenchant  spirit  in 
twain.  AVhereupon  it  uttered  a  terrible 
shriek,  which  made  the  island  tremble  ; 
and,  "  rolling  itself  up,  rose  upon  the 
wings  of  the  wind,"  and  departed.  (See 
Mars  Wounded.)  —  Ossian,  Carriu- 
Tit  lira. 

(In  Oina-Morul,  "  Loda"  seems  to  be  a  l 
place : 

They  stretch  their  handi  to  the  aheOs  in  Loda.) 

Lodbrog,  king  of  Denmark  (  lghth 


LODGING. 


563 


LOHENGRIN. 


century),  famous  lot  his  warn  and  vic- 
tories. He  was  also  an  excellent  scald 
or  bard,  like  Ossian.  Falling  into  the 
hands  of  his  enemies,  he  was  cast  into 
jail,  and  devoured  by  serpenta. 

Lodging.  "Mv  lodging  is  on  the 
cold  ground/' — W.  P.  Rhodes,  JJoinbastes 
fStrioso  (1790). 

Lodoi8'ka  (4  syl.),  a  beautiful  Polish 
princess,  in  love  with  count  Floreski. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  prince  Lupanski, 
who  places  her  under  the  protection  of  a 
friend  (baron  Lovinski)  during  B  war  be- 
tween the  Poles  and  Tartars.  Here  her 
lover  finds  her  a  prisoner  at  large;  but 
the  baron  seeks  to  poison  him.  At  this 
crisis,  the  Tartars  arrive  and  invade  the 
castle.  The  baron  is  killed,  the  lady 
released,  and  all  ends  happily. — J.  1*. 
Kcmble,  Lodoiska  (a  melodraine). 

Lodc'na,  a  nymph,  fond  of  the 
chase.  One  day,  Pan  saw  her,  and  tried 
to  catch  her;  but  she  fled,  and  implored 
Cynthia  to  save  her.     Her  prayer  was 

heard,   and   she  was   instantly   converted 
into  "a  silver  stream,  which  ever  keeps 
its  virgin  coolness."     Lodonn   IB   an    af- 
fluent of    the  Thames. — Pope,    U 
forest  (1713). 

Lodoi*e  (2  syl.),  a  cataract  of  the 
Tarn,  in  France,  rendered  famous  for 
Southev's  piece  of  word-painting  called 
The  Cataract  of  Lodort  (1820).  This 
mid  Edgar  Poe's  Bells  are  the  best  pieces 
of  word-painting  in  the  language,  at  least 
of  a  similar  length. 

Lodovi'co,    kinsman    to    Brabantio 

the  father  of  Desdeinona. — .Shakespeare, 
Othello  (1611). 

Lodovico  and  Piso,  two  cowardly 
gulls. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Captain  (1618). 

TjOdowick,  the  name  assumed  by  tin- 
duke  of   Vienna,  when  he  retired  for  a 

while    fri'iii    Stale   affairs,  and   dressed   as 

n  fnar,  to  watch  the  carrying  out  of  ■ 
law   recently  enforced  against   prostitu- 
tion.—Shakespeare,  Meatwrt  for  M 
(1<08). 

Loe'gria(i  syl.),  England,  the  king- 
torn  of  Logris  or  Locrine,  eldest  son  of 
Brute  the  mythical  king  of  Britain. 

Tbiu  OuiiiirU  i  it  .I.,  j ;  la  bm  rigbj  iti.it  van 

*nd  rnlli.T  Uuiii  10  lo«  l.-Vril.  lookl  I    I 

M.  I'r.jt    ».   ' '■■•:     '   '     '•  h 


rit  qu'M  <*t  ui 

I  -*rrm, 

•jui  j..iu  (>it  Li  lam  I 

6*ra  ■:■  Mice. 

yea,  J'aniraX  (11791 

Lofty,    a    detestable    pri^r,    always 
boasting  of  his  intimacy  with  people  of 
quality. — Goldsmith,    T/ki    6 
Alan  (1767). 

/    fty(8r  Thomas),  a  rarieature  of  lord 

Melcombe.    Sir  Thomas  is  a  man  utterly 

destitute  Of  all  capacity,  yet  sets  himself 

up  for  a  Mecamas,  and  is  well  B] 

by  needy  scribblers,  who  plv  him  wifn 
fulsome  dedications. — Samuel  Foote,  7V<* 
J 'ut  run. 

Log  (A'w^),  a  roi  faint' int.    Tie 
prayed  to  Jove  to  Bend  them  a  kin^r,  ami 

the   god    threw    a    Log    into   t: 

splash  of  which   terribly  alarmed 

for  a  time  ;  but  they  BOOH  learnt  to  de- 
spise a  monarch  who  allowed  them  to 
jump  upon  its  back,  and  never  n 

their  familiarities.  The  croakers  com- 
plained to  Jove  for  sending  them  BO 
worthless  a  kin:,',  and  prayed  him  to 
send  one  more  active  and  imperious  ;  BO 
he  sent  them  a  stork,  which  devoured 
them. — JEst (p's  Fables. 

Logistil'la,  a  good  fair 
Aici'na  the  soroi  n 
gie'm  (8  tyl.)  tu  manage  the  hip, 
and  gave  Astolpho  a  magic  bonk  and  horn. 
Logistilla  is  human  reason  personifiedL — 
Anosl  Furioso  (l.">lti). 

Logotheto  ( The),  or  chaxcellor  of 
the  Grecian  empire. — SirW.  Boots,  Cowti 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Bufus). 

Logres  (2  syl.).    England 
fr^in  Logris  or  Locrini , 

mythical  king  Prute. 

Q  ■vra«. 

ni»oj  inroi 

Logria.  England. 

Logris  or  Lor 
Locrine,  Brute  the  mythical 

Lii>„'  of  Britain. 

.and. 

I  niu  buibbtd  oul  I  '■  thi  <•> 

I 

Lohengrin,  " 
nun  ol  Be  came  t«>  Bi 

in   a   ship   drawn   by  a   swan,  and 

liberated   the   dm  I 

Captive,  he   married   her,    but   declined   to 

reveal   his   name.     v-  after  his 

•it    aqainst    the    Hum 


L'OISELKUR. 


m 


LONGEVITY. 


and  Saracens,  performed  marvels  of 
hrSTeiy,  and  returned  to  (iermany  covered 

with  glorv.     Ll-en,  bong  laughed  at  by 

lier  friends  for  not  knowing  the  name  of 
lier  husband,  resolved  to  ask  him  of  his 
family ;  but  no  sooner  had  she  done  so 
than  the  white  swan  re-appeared  and 
carried  him  away. — Wolfram  von  Eschen- 
bach  (a  minne.-in^er,  thirteenth  century). 
L'Oiseleur  ("  the  bird-cateker  "),  the 
person  who  plavs  the  magic  flute. — Mo- 
zart, Die  Zuuberjlbte  (17'Jl). 

Loki,  the  god  of  strife  and  spirit  of 
all  evil.      His  wife  is  A  I  si//.), 

i.' .  "  messengl  r  Of  wrath,"  and  bi- 
sons   are    Fenris,    Midgard,   and    Hi  la. 

Loki  gave  the  blind  ;_r'"l    Ho.br  an  arrow 

of  mistletoe,  and  told  bin  to  try  it : 

blind    II..,!.  |  *  and 

slew    Iialdr    (the    Scandinavian    A; 
This   calamity    was   so   grievous   to    the 
ir<"ls,  that    they  unanimously    a.-- 
him  to  life  again. — 

logy. 

Lolah,  one  of  the  three  beauties  of 
the  harem,  into  which  dOD  JttBO  in  female 

disguise  was  sdmrl  waa  dnsk  as 

India  and  as  warm."  The  oth.  r  two  »  ere 
Katin'ka  and  Dudii. — Itvron,  Dm  Jwm, 
vi.  40,  41  (It 

LolTiUB,  an  author  often  referred  to 
by  writers  of  the  Mid.,  it    pro- 

bably a  "Mrs.  Harris"  of  Kennotwhere. 

Uilllui,  If  a  writer  of  that  name  existed  at  all.  to  a 
lomewlutt  somewhere. — Coleridge. 

London    Antiquary    (A).      John 

Camden   llotten   published   his  Dictiomary 
lent  Slanj,  etc.,   under  this  pseu- 
donym. 

London  Bridge  ia  Built  on 
Woolpacks.     In  the  reign  of  Henry 

II.,  PioOfl  1'cter,  a  chaplain  of  St.  Mary 
Colechnrch,  in  the  Poultry,  built 

bridge  in  lieu  of  the  w len   one  which 

bad    been    destroyed    by   lire.     The  king 
helped  him  by  a  t<tx  on  moo*,  and  hence 
.;.  ing  referred  to  above. 

Long  (Tom),  the  hero  of  an  old 
popular  tale  entitled  The  Merry  0 

of  Tom  Long  the  Carrier, 
Long    Peter,    Peter    Aartaen,    the 

Flemish  painter.  He  was  so  called  from 
his  extraordinary  height  (1607-11  • 

Long-Sword  (Sichard),  son  of  the 
"fair  Rosamond"  and  Henry  II.  His 
brother  was  Geoffroy  archbishop  of  York. 

Lonf-eword,  the  brxre  son  of  heautrous  R<wuii<.mi. 
Drajrton,  Poiyo-tn,™.  ivlll.  (1613). 

Lcma-SiDord,  William  I.  of  X..rmandy, 


son  of  Rollo,  assassinated  bv  the  count  of 
Flanders  (920-948). 

Long    Tom    Coffin,    a    sailor    of 
.  liara.ter  and   most  aiiaM 
:..  introduced   by  Fenimore  I 
of  New  York  in  his  novel  called  7\ 
Fitzball  has  dramatized  the  story. 

Longaville  (3  syl.),  *  young  lord 

attending  on  Ferdinand  king  of   Navarre. 

•  :rs  in  study 

with    the    king,    during    which    time    no 

woman    is    t  roach    the   court  ;    but 

ner  has  he  signed  I  than 

he  falls   in   love  with   Maria.     When  he 

,   Ms  r-nit  for 

months,    and    she    promises    to 

change  her  "black  rows  for  a  faithful 

friend  "  if  he  then  remains  of  the  same 

mind. 


A  man  of  aovareiro  parti  he  b  i 
Well  fitted  ta  art*,  glorious  in  anna : 
Nothing  benicnea  him  ill.  that  ha  would  well 

•  fair  rirtue'l  gioai  .  .  . 
Is  a  sharp  wit  matched  with  to  blunt  a  will ; 
Whoat  edge  .  .  .  none  spam  that  come  within  his  pnwac. 
Shakoi-  are,  Lom'i  A-iAour  i  Lot.  art  II.  ar.  1 

Longchamp,  bishop  of  Fly,  high 
justiciary  of  Kn_.-l.-ind  daring  the  absence 
of  king  Richard  Coear  de  Lion. — Sir  W. 

rWaWMM  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Longevity.  The  following  ha\  e 
•  1  a  hundred  years  : — 

Thomas  Cam  207!!),  aocording  to 
the    pariah  Leonard's 

Church,    S!  Lied    January   -2, 

irs.      If  so,  he  was  hor.i 
1881,  in  4th  Richard   IL,  and   died    18th 
Elizabeth. 
Thomai  Pass  (152),  born  1488, 

Bum  Jkxkixs  (169),  bom  1691, 
died  1780. 

i  kTHABJJTB  countess  of  DKSMoVO 
Fteentfa  century. 

I1im:v  Habtukm  (108),  forester  to 
Charles  I.  (1 

Hknky  BVABS  (129),  a  Welshman 
(1649   | 

JAWS  SC'BJMSHAW  (127)  lived  in  th» 
•  crei^ns  (l.'.si    17  l  |   . 

Ai  i<  k    of     Philadelphia    (116),     born 

1686,    died 

Thomas  Laoqhs»  of  Ifarkley,  Wop 
'.ire  (107),  born  1700.  died  1807. 
ther  died  at  the  age  of  108. 

Mai:'.  LBS  t      I'.\  i  i  >'  l  n      of 

was    born    in    t-h« 

reign     of     Elizabeth    (1608),    and    died 

buried  at    Margaret's, 

-.  and  a  portrait  of  her  is  ia 

St.  M  '    rkhouge. 


LONGIUS. 


565 


LOREDANO. 


In  Shiffnal  (Salon)  St.  Andrew's 
Church  are  these  tablets  : 

WlLLIAM  Waki.ky  (121),  baptized  at 
Idsall,  otherwise  ShifFnal,  May  I,  1590; 
and  was  buried  at  Adbaston,  November  2X, 
1714.  He  lived  in  the  reign  of  eight 
sovereigns. 

Mary  Yates  (127).  wife  of  Joseph 
Yates  of  Lizard  Common,  Shiffnal,  was 
born  1G49,  and  buried  August  7,  1770. 
She  walked  to  London  just  after  the  fire 
in  16(!(5,  was  hearty  and  strong  at  120 
rears,  and  married,  at  92  years  of  age, 
her  third  husband. 

Longius,  the  name  of  the  Roman 
soldier  who  pierced  the  crucified  Saviour 
with  a  spear.  The  spear  came  into  the 
possession  of  Joseph  of  Ariniathea. — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  41 
(1470). 

Longomonta'nus  (Christian),  of 
Jutland,  a  Danish  astronomer  (1562- 
1647). 

What  did  your  Cardan  [an  Italian  astronomer\  and 

your  Ptolemy,  your  Meesahiuau,  Mid  your  I gomontanns, 

your  harmony  of  chiromancy  with  astrology! — W.  Con- 
greve,  Lot*  /or  Love,  iv.  (1885). 

Lonna,  that  is,  Colonna,  the  most 
southern  point  of  Attica,  called  "  Su- 
mmit's marbled  steep."  Ilere  once  stood 
a  temple  to  Minerva,  called  by  Falconer, 
in  The  Shipwreck,  "  Tritonia's  sacred 
fane."  The  ship  Britannia  struck 
against  "  the  cape's  projecting  verge," 
and  was  wrecked. 

Yes,  at  the  dead  of  night,  by  I-onna's  steep. 
The  seaman's  crv  was  heard  along  the  deep, 

Campbell,  The  l>l,uturet  of  Llo/e,  ii.  (17!tt). 

Loose-Coat  Field.  The  battle  of 
Stamford  (1470)  was  so  called,  because  the 
men  led  by  lord  Wells,  being  attacked  by 

the  Yorkists,  threw  olf  their  coats,  that 
they  might  nee  the  faster. 

Cast  i»ff  their  country's  coats,  to  haste  their  speed  away. 
Which  "Loose-Coat  Field  '  is  railed  e'en  to  this  day. 

Drayton.  Fotyolbion,  xxil.  (1622). 

Lo'pe  de  "Vega  (Felix),  a  Spanish 
poet,  born  at  Madrid.  lie  was  one  of 
those  who  came  in  the  famous  "Armada" 
to  invade  England.  Lope  (2  tyt.)  wrote 
altogether  1800  tragedies,  coin 
dramas,  or  religious  pieces  called  CWtOS 
saiwanuntales  ( 1 562   L635). 

Her  memory  was  a  mine.     She  knew  by  heart 
All  Calderon  and  greater  pari  of  Lopi. 

r.>r.,n,  h,.„  Juan.  I.  11  (1819). 

Lopez,  the  "  Spanish  curate." — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Spanish 
Curate  (1622). 

Lojh-z  (Dim),  a  Portuguese  nobleman, 
the    father    of     don     Felix    and    donna 


Isabella. — Mrs.    Centlivre,    Tlte    Wonder 
(1714). 

Lorbrul'grud,  the  capital  of  Brob- 
dingnag.  The  word  is  humorously  said 
to  mean  "  l'ride  of  the  Universe." — 
Swift,    Gulliver's    Travels  ("Voyage  to 

Brobdingnag,"  1726). 

Lord,  a  hunchback.  (Greek,  lordos, 
•'  crooked.") 

Lord  Peter.  The  pope  is  so  called  in 
Dr.  Arbuthnot's  History  of  John  Hull, 
Swift,  in  his  Tale  of  a  Tub,  introduces  the 
three  brothers  Peter,  John,  and  Martin, 
meaning  the  pope,  Calvin,  and  Luther. 

Lord  Strutt.  Charles  II.  of  Spain 
is  so  called  by  Dr.  Arbuthnot,  in  his 
History  of  John  Bull  (1712;. 

Every  one  must  rememlier  the  paroxysm  of  rase  Into 
which  poor  lord  Strutt  fell,  on  hearing  thai  his  runaway 
servant  Nic.  Frog,  his  clothier  John  Bull,  and  his  old 
enemy  Lewis  Ualioon,  had  conio  with  quadras 
and  Ink-horns,  to  survey  his  osUta,  and  to  draw  his  will 
for  him. — Macaulay. 

Lord  Thomas  and  Annet  had 
a  lovers'  quarrel ;  whereupon,  lord 
Thomas,  in  his  temper,  went  and  offered 
marriage  to  the  nut-brown  maid  who  had 
houses  and  lands.  On  the  wedding  day, 
Annet  went  to  the  church,  and  lord 
Thomas  gave  her  a  rose,  but  the  nut- 
brown  maid  killed  her  with  a  "bodkin 
from  her  head-gear."  Lord  Thomas,  -<  fl- 
ing Annet  fall,  plunged  his  daggi 
the  heart  of  the  murderess,  ami  then 
stabbed  himself.  Over  the  graves  of  lord 
Thomas  and  the  fair  Annet  grew  "a 
bonny  briar,  and  by  this  ye  may  ken  that 
they  were  lovers  dear."  In  some  ver- 
sions of  this  story  Annet  is  called 
"Elinor." — Percy,  lUli>ines,etc,  III.  iii. 

Lord  of  Crazy  Castle,  John  Hall 
Stevenson,    author   of    Crazy     Tiles   (in 
verse).    J.  II.  Stevenson  lived  at  Skelton 
Castle,    which    was    nicknamed    "I 
Castle  "  (1718-17.S?). 

Lord  of  the  Isles,  Donald  of  [slay, 
who  in  1846  reduced  the  Hebrides  under 

his   sway.      The   title   of    "lord    of   the 

Isles"  had  been  heme  by  ethers  for 
centuries  before,  was  bone  by  Steven- 
son's  BUOCesson,    and    is   n<>w   one   of  the 

titles  of  the  prince  of  Wales. 

sir  W.  Scott  has  a  metrical  romance 
entitled  /A.  Lordof  the  Isle*  (1815). 

Loredani   [Qinotmo).  interpreter  of 

king     Richard     1.-  Sir     W.    Scott,      The 
i  1 1 line,  Richard  I.). 

Loreda'no      (Jaines),     a     Venetian 
in,    and    one    of    the    Council    -<f 


LORENZO. 

Ten.  Loredano  was  the  personal  enemy 
of  the  Fos'cari. — Byron,  The  Two  Foscari 
(1820). 

Loren'zo,  a  young  man  with  whom 

Jes'sica,  the  daughter  of  the  Jew  Shy- 
lock,  elopes. — Shakespeare,  The  Merchant 
of  Venice  (1698). 

Lorenzo,  an  atheist  and  reprobate, 
whose  remorse  ends  in  despair.  —  Dr. 
Young,  Night  Thoughts  (1742-6). 

***  Some  affirm  that  Lorenzo  is  meant 
for  the  poet's  own  son. 

Lorenzo  (Colonel),  a  young  libertine  in 
Drvden's  drama,  The  Spanish  Fryar 
(1680). 

Loretto  [The  House  of).  The  Santa 
Casa  is  the  reputed  house  of  the  virgin 
Mary  at  Nazareth.  It  was  miraculously 
translated  to  Frame,  in  Dalmatia,  in 
1291,  thence  to  Recana'ti  in  1294,  and 
finally  to  Maeera'ta,  in  Italy,  to  a  plot  of 
land  belonging  to  the  lady  Loretto. 

Our  house  may  have  travelled  through  the  air.  1 1  k •  •  the 
bouse  "f  Loretto,  for  Might  I  cue. — Goldsmith,  Tht  uood- 
natured  Man,  iv.  1  (1768). 

Loretto  of  Austria,  Mariazel 
("  Mary  in  the  cell "),  in  Styria.  So  called 
from  the  miracle-working  image  of  the 
Virgin.  The  image  is  old  and  very  ugly. 
Two  pilgrimages  are  made  to  it  yearly. 

Loretto  of  Switzerland.  Ein- 
siedlen,  a  village  containing  a  shrine  of 
the  '"  Black  Lady  of  Switzerland."  The 
church  is  of  black  marble,  and  the  image 
of  ebony. 

Lorimer,  one  of  the  guard  at  Arden- 
vohr  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of 
Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Loriot,  "the  confidante  and  ser- 
vante "  of  Louis  XV.  Loriot  was  the 
inventor  of  lifts,  by  which  tables  de- 
scended, and  rose  again  covered  with 
viands  and  wines. 

The  shifting  sideboard  plays  its  humble  part. 
Beyond  the  triumphs  of  a  Loriot's  art.  « 

S.  ltogers,  Entitle  to  a  Friend  (1798). 

Lorma,  wife  of  Erragon  king  of 
Sora,  in  Scandinavia.  She  fell  in  love 
with  Aldo,  a  Caledonian  officer  in  the 
king's  army.  The  guilty  pair  escaped  to 
Morven,  which  Erragon  forthwith  in- 
raded.  Erragon  encountered  Aldo  in 
single  combat,  and  slew  him  ;  was  him- 
6elf  slain  in  battle  by  Gaul  son  of 
Morai ;  and  Lorma  died  of  grief.— Ossian, 
The  Battle  of  Lora. 

Lorn  (M'Dougal  of),  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 


566  LOT. 


Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 

Lorrequer  (Harry),  the  hero  and 
title  of  a  military  novel  by  Charles 
Lever. 

Lor'rimite  (3  syl.),  a  malignant 
witch,  who  abetted  and  aided  Ar'valan 
in  his  persecutions  of  Kail'yal  the  beau- 
tiful and  holy  daughter  of  Ladur'lad. — 
Southey,  Curse  of  Kehama,  xi.  (1809). 

Lorry  (Jarvis),  one  of  the  firm  in 
Tellson's  bank,  Temple  Bar,  and  a 
friend  of  Dr.  Manette.  Jarvis  Lorry  was 
orderly,  precise,  and  methodical,  but 
tender-hearted  and  affectionate. 

He  had  a  good  leg,  and  was  a  little  vain  of  It .  .  .  and 
his  little  sleek,  crisp,  flaxen  wig  looked  as  If  it  was  spun  silk. 
.  .  .  His  face,  habitually  suppressed  and  quiet,  was  lighted 
up  by  a  pair  of  moist  bright  eyes,— C.  Dickens,  A  TaU  of 
Two  Citiet,  L  4  (185W). 

Losberne  (2  syl.),  the  medical  man 
called  in  by  Mrs.  Maylie  to  attend  Oliver 
Twist,  after  the  attempted  burglary  by 
Bill  Sikes  and  his  associates. — C.  Dickens, 
Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Lost  Island.  Cephalo'nia  is  bo 
called,  because  "it  was  only  by  chance 
that  those  who  visited  it  could  find  it 
again."  It  is  sometimes  called  "The 
Hidden  Island." 

Lot,  consul  of  Londonesia,  and  after- 
wards king  of  Norway.  He  was  brother 
of  Urian  and  Augusel,  and  married  Anne 
(own  sister  of  king  Arthur),  by  whom  he 
had  two  sons,  Walgan  and  Modred. — 
Geoffrev,  British  History,  viii.  21 ;  ix.  9, 
10  (1142). 

*#*  This  account  differs  so  widely 
from  that  of  Arthurian  romance,  that  it 
is  not  possible  to  reconcile  them.  In  the 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  Lot  king  of 
Orkney  marries  Margawse  the  "sister  of 
king  Arthur"  (pt.  i.  2).  Tennyson,  in 
his  Qareth  and  Lynette,  says  that  Lot's 
wife  was  Bellicent.  Again,  the  sons  of  Lot 
are  called,  in  the  History,  Gaw'ain,  Agra- 
vain,  Ga'heris,  and  Gareth  ;  Mordred  is 
their  half-brother,  being  the  son  of  king 
Arthur  and  the  same  mother. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  2,  35, 
36  (1470). 

Lot,  king  of  Orkney.  According  to  the 
Morte  d'Arthur,  king  Lot's  wife  was 
Margawse  or  Morgawse,  sister  of  king 
Arthur,  and  their  sons  were  sir  Gaw'ain, 
sir  Ag'ravain,  sir  Ga'heris,  and  6ir 
Gareth. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  36  (1470). 

Once  or  twice  Elain  is  called  the  wife 


LOT.  t>67 


of  Lot,  but  this  is  n  mistake.  Elain  was 
Arthur's  sister  by  tlic  Mine  mother,  an«l 
was  the  wife  of  sir  Nentres  of  Carlot. 
Itordred  was  the  son  of  Morgan 
her  brother  Arthur,  and  consequently 
Gawain,  Agravnin,  Gaheris,  and  Gareth 
were  his  half-brothers. 

Lot,  king  of  Orkney.  Accord  u 
Tennyson,  king  Lot's  wife  was  Bellicent, 
daughter  of  Gorlofs  I <  >r>  1  of  Tints  r*il 
Castle,  in  <  Sornwall,  and  Lot  was  the  fal  her 
of  Gaw'ain  (2  syl.)  and  Uodred.  This 
aceonnt  differs  entirely  from  the  History 

of     PrittOS     Arthur,    by     sir     T.      Bialory. 

There  the  wife  of  Lot  is  called  Mai 
or  uorgawse  (Arthur's  sister  .  <■ 
of  Bfonmouth,  on  the  other  hand,  calls 
her  Anne  (Arthur's  Bister).  The  sons  of 
Lot,  according  to  the  History,  were 
Gawain,  Agravain,  Gaheris,  and  Gareth  ; 
Modred  or  Mordred  being  the  offspring  of 
Morgawse  and  Arthur.  This  ignoble 
birth  the  History  assigns  as  the  reason  of 
Mordred's  hatred  to  kin,'  Arthur,  liis  adnl- 
terous  father  and  unci.'.  Lot  was  sub- 
dued by  king  Arthur,  fighting  on  behalf 
of  Leodogran  or  Leodogrance  kin:,'  of 
Cam'eliard. — See-  Tennyson,  Coming  of 
Arthur. 

Lot's  Wife,  Wihela,  who  was  con- 
federate with  the  men  of  Sodom,  and 
gave  them  notice  when  any  stranger  came 
to  lodge  in  the  house.  Her  sign  was 
■moke  by  day  and  tire  by  night.     Lot's 

Wife  was  turned  into  a  pillar  of  salt. — 
Jallulo'ddin,  Al  Zamakh. 

Lotha'rio,  a  noble  cavalier  of  Flo- 

the  friend  of  Anselmo.     Ai 

induced    him    to    put   the    fidelity    of    his 

wife  Camilla  to  the  test,  thai  he  might 
rejoice  in  her  incorruptible  virtue;    but 

Camilla  was  not  trial-proof,  and  eloped 
with  Lothario.  AnselmO  then  died  of 
grief,  Lothario   was   slain    in    battle,   and 

Camilla  died  in  a  convent. — Cervantes, 
}mxote,  I.  iv.6,6  (•'  Fatal  Curiosity," 
1606). 

Lothario,  a  young  Genoese  nobleman, 
"haughty,  gallant,  gay,  and  perfidious. 

:  i.-ed  Calista,  daughter  of  Sciol'to 
(8   tyl.)    ft   Genoese    nobleman,    and    was 

in  f»  cluel  by  Altamonl  tin'  husband. 
This   is  the    "gay    Lothario,"   which    has 

••  a  household  word  tor  a  libertine 
and  male  coquette. — N.  Rom 

U  ilib  tin-  luuuMr.  fkUant, 

.  r\*  y nr  Vr 

*   •    The    lUir  Penitent   is  taken    from 


LOUIS  IX. 

which   Lo- 
thario Novall,  Junior." 

Lothian  .     Bo  named  from 

Lh-w,  second  son  of  Arthur  : 

Lotus   and    Lothus.      Artliur- 

.  and  his  y  |  in. 

%*   In  some  1,  -   made 

the  father  of  Uodred  or  Hi  di 
of  the   rebellions  army  which   foug    ■      t 
Camlan,  ,\.i>.   .r.o7,  in  which  Arthur  re- 
ceived his  death-wound  ;  but  in  M 
collection,  called 

Arthur,    afodred   is  called    thi  f 

Arthur  by  his  own  sister  the  wife  of  king 

Lot. 

Lotto    (2   syl.),  a  young    woman    of 
:-tron_'  affection  anil    domestic   winning 

way-,  the  wife  of  Albert  a  young  Gl 
farmer.      Weither  loved    Lotte   wh( 

iy  betrothed  to  Albert,  and  con- 
tinued to  [ove  her  al:-  .'Me  a 
young  wife.     His   mewling  and  puling 

alter  this  "forbidden  fruit,"  which  ter- 
minates in  suicide,  make  up  the  sum  and 
substance  of  the  tale,  which  is  told  in 
the    form    of    letters   addrCSSM   1    U)   divert 

persons.— Goethe,    Sorrows    of    V> 

"I. "Me"    was     Charlotte     ltuff,     who 
married    Eestner,  friend,   the 

M  Albert  "  of  the  no^  eL    •  kx  the 
love  with  charlotte  Buff,  and  lor  mar- 
riage with  Kestner  soured  the  I 
his  over-sensitive  mind. 

Lotus-Eaters   r  /  ipeople 

who   ate    Of   the     lotUS    tree,    tl 

which     was    to    make    them     forget    'heir 

friends  and  home-,  and   to  lose  all  desire 

of  returning  to  t L-ir  native  land.  The 
lotus  eater  only  cares  to  live  in 

luxury,  and     nil.  I    I 
xi. 

%*  Tennyson  has  ■  ] m  calli 

et  of  islanders  w  ho  live 

in  a  dreamy  idle  of  life,  ami 

Loili.S,  due  d'(  >rb  mis.-  Sir  \V.    - 
Qw  Hi  M 

Louis    do    Bourl 

bishop  of  Lii 

. 
Louis   IX.     The  sum  of  the 
which  the    birth-date    of    this 

king  will  give  his  titular  number.     1    as, 

• 

li.Mir.  •  I 

rerj    might    form   a& 
oal  di\ onion  on  ■  dull  e 
i    i  i-  XIV.  and  Will.) 


LOUIS  XI. 


568 


LOUISE. 


Louis  XI.  of  France,  introduced  by 
air  W.  Scott  in  two  novels,  Quentin  Dur- 
voard  and  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time,  Ed- 
ward IV.). 

%*  In  Quentin  Durward  he  appears 
first  disguised  as  Maitre  Pierre,  a  merchant. 

Liouis  XIII.  of  France,  "infirm  in 
health,  in  mind  more  feeble,  and  Riche- 
lieu's plaything." — Lord  Lytton,  Richelieu 
(1839). 

Louis  Xl  V.  It  is  rather  remarkable 
that  the  number  14  is  obtained  by  adding 
together  the  figures  of  his  age  at  death, 
the  figures  which  make  the  date  of  his 
coronation,  and  the  figures  of  the  dat* 
of  his  death.     For  example  : 

Age  77,  which  added  together=14. 

Crowned  1B43,  which  added  together =14 

Died  1715,  which  added  together  =>  14. 

Louis  XIV.  and  La  Valliire.  Louis 
XIV.  fell  in  love  with  La  Valliere,  ■ 
young  lady  in  the  queen's  train.  He 
overheard  the  ladies  chatting.  One 
said,  "  How  handsome  looks  the  duke 
de  Guiche  to-night !  "  Another  said, 
"  Well,  to  my  taste,  the  graceful  Gram- 
mont  bears  the  bell  from  all."  A  third 
remarked,  "  But,  then,  that  charming 
Lauzun  has  so  much  wit."  But  La 
Valliere  said,  "  I  scarcely  marked  them. 
When  the  king  is  by,  who  can  have  eyes, 
or  ears,  or  thought  for  others  ?  "  and  when 
*he  others  chaffed  her,  she  replied: 

Who  spoke  of  love  t 
The  sunflower,  gazing  on  the  lord  of  heaven. 
Asks  but  its  sun  to  shine.     Who  spoke  of  love  t 
And  who  would  wish  the  bright  and  lofty  Louis 
To  stoop  from  glory  1 

Act  i.  5. 

Louis  degraded  this  ethereal  spirit  into  a 
"soiled  dove,"  and  when  she  fled  to  a  con- 
vent to  quiet  remorse,  he  fetched  her  out 
and  took  her  to  Versailles.  Wholly  un- 
able to  appreciate  such  love  as  that  "of  La 
Valliere,  he  discarded  her  for  Mde.  de 
Montespan,  and  bade  La  Valliere  marry 
some  one.  She  obeyed  the  selfish  mon- 
arch in  word,  by  taking  the  veil  of  a  Car- 
melite nun. — Lord  Lvtton,  The  Duchess  de 
la  Valliere  (1836). 

Louis  XIV.  and  his  Coach.  It  was 
lord  Stair  and  not  the  duke  of  Chester- 
field whom  the  Grand  Monarqne  com- 
mended for  his  tact  in  entering  the  royal 
carriage  before  his  majesty,  when  politely 
bidden  by  him  so  to  do. 

Louis  XVIII.,  nicknamed  Des-hui- 
tres,  because  he  was  a  great  feeder,  like 
all  the  Bourbons,  and  especially  fond  of 
oysters.  Of  course  the  pun  is  on  dixhuit 
(18). 


As  in  the  case  of  Louis  IX.  (q.v.),  the 
sum  of  the  figures  which  designate  the 
birth-date  of  Louis  XVIII.  give  hia 
titular  number.  Thus,  he  was  born  1755, 
which  added  together  equal  18. 

Louis  Philippe  of  France.  It  is 
somewhat  curious  that  the  yrear  of  hia 
birth,  or  the  year  of  the  queen's  birth,  or 
the  year  of  his  flight,  added  to  the  year  of 
his  coronation,  will  give  the  year  1848, 
the  date  of  his  abdication.  He  was  born 
1773,  his  queen  was  born  1782,  his  flight 
was  in  1809  ;  whence  we  get : 

1830    year  of  coronation. 


flight 


1848  1848  1848    year  of  abdication. 

(See  Napoleon  III.  for  a  somewhat 
similar  coincidence.) 

Louisa,  daughter  of  don  Jerome  of 
Seville,  in  love  with  don  Antonio.  Hex 
father  insists  on  her  marrying  Isaac 
Mendoza,  a  Portuguese  Jew,  and,  as  she 
refuses  to  obey  him,  he  determines  to 
lock  her  up  in  her  chamber.  In  his  blind 
rage,  he  makes  a  great  mistake,  for  he 
locks  up  the  duenna,  and  turns  his 
daughter  out  of  doors.  Isaac  arrives,  is 
introduced  to  the  locked-up  lady,  elopes 
with  her,  and  marries  her.  Louisa  takes 
refuge  in  St  Catherine's  Convent,  and 
writes  to  her  father  for  his  consent  to  her 
marriage  with  the  man  of  her  choice.  As 
don  Jerome  takes  it  for  granted  she 
means  Isaac  the  Jew,  he  gives  his  consent 
freely.  At  breakfast-time  it  is  dis- 
covered by  the  old  man  that  Isaac  has 
married  the  duenna,  and  Louisa  don 
Antonio  ;  but  don  Jerome  is  well  pleased 
and  fullv satisfied. — Sheridan,  TheDuenna 
(1775).  " 

Mrs.  Mattocks  (1745-1826)  was  the 
first  "  Louisa." 

Louisa,  daughter  of  Russet  bailiff  to 
the  duchess.  She  was  engaged  to  Henry, 
a  private  in  the  king's  army.  Hearing  a 
rumour  of  gallantry  to  the  disadvantage 
of  her  lover,  she  consented  to  put  hia 
love  to  the  test  by  pretending  that  sh« 
was  about  to  marry  Simkin.  When 
Henry  heard  thereof,  he  gave  himself  up 
as  a  deserter,  and  was  condemned  to 
death.  Louisa  then  went  to  the  king  to 
explain  the  whole  matter,  and  returned 
with  the  young  man's  pardon  just  as  the 
muffled  drums  began  the  death  march.— 
Dibdin,  The  Deserter  (1770). 

Louise  (2  syl.),  the  glee-maiden.— 


LOUISE. 


B69 


LOVE-CH 


8i»  W.  Beott  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Louise  [de  Lascours],  wife  erf 
Ralph  captain  of  the  Uran'ia,  and  mo- 
ther of  Martha  (afterwardi 
(,'ari'taK  Louise  de  Lascoun  tailed  with 
her  infant  daughter  and  hex  hatband  in 
the  Urania.  Louise  and  the  captain 
were  drowned  by  the  breaking  up  of  an 
e;  but  Martha  was  rescued  by  some 
wild  Indiana,  irho  brought  her  op,  and 
c.'illc.l  her  name  Organta  ("withered 
wheat  ").  —  !•'..  Stirling,  Orphan  of  the 
1866). 

Loupgaroii,  hmler  of  the  srmy  of 
giants    in   alliance    with    the    Di] 

,).  As  he  thn  atened  to  make 
mincemeat  >>f  Pantag'rnel,  the  prince 
k'ave  him  a  kiek  which  overthrew  him, 
then,  lifting  him  up  by  his  ankles,  he 
■«ed    him  as   a    quarter-staff.      H 

killed  all    the  giants  in  the  hostile  army, 

Pantagrnel  flung  the  body  of  Loungarou 
on  the  ground,  and.  by  so  d 
a    tom-cat,    a    tabby,    .1    duck,    and    ii 
brindli  iel,  ii. 

B8). 

Lonponhcipht  f  Th»  v  un :  la 
ball  at  Middlemas.     Sir  \\ , 

The  Suramin's    Juiw/httr    r. . 
II.). 

Liourdifl,  an  idiotic  scholar  of  Sor- 

h 

r>e  U  Sorlnmnr  tin  I>...-trur  i\m<>ureuz 

. 
"  Jr  n«  pull  rten  meriu  r  lie  roua,  It1U"  .  . 
^         i  m  :   "  tf  ciuiii.t.  r  Loartlil 
lN»  mi  t'alln  inrnl.-r      ■ 

C*r,  pear  le  statu*,  pamUl  la  not  t>i»n.~ 

Th»  hand  u(  Kal  ..til. 

"  Ttirn  I,.  .  t«.  glrtn. 

Par  U-m  in;  w.irili.  poo  naat  allow,  tluui  I  i 

Liourio     (7bm),    the     Innkeeper    at 

iom.     Sir  \V.  Scott,  .-:.   /.   n  m  i 
Walt  II.), 

1       .'.••■  rruption  of  .  •  ■ 

at  it  la  called  in   old  1 1 1 

■     built    lure    n    hunting-box,    the 

I 

.▼re  of  Bt  P<  tenburg 
tlir  Hermits  •■•,  an  impel  m. 

Lov 
I  i 

•in  d    1  luon   who  i»  hoi 

■ii  ;   liul  her  pride 
linM  nueh  m 

ke.     |i.  r      ' 

dauj;li:.  r.  ;»»in 


!,  to  marry  Catherine  a  freed  tttL 

If  hnlt 
him  obey,     lie  plights  his 
therine,  tu|  ;  Lberine  the 

quond  tains 

pn  a!  honom 

learnt  I  ■herinebe  h  i 

duke's 

•  ;on,  ftccor  . 
Plato,  i.s  disposed  in  the  liver. 

Wtthta 

Bui  i.  -, 

Loot.     "  '•'    •      love  is  of  man's  life 

ft  thing  apart  ;   't;  - 

en.-,."     i;_i  ron,  D  n  ■  i  m,  i.  194  (1( 

/   ■  . 

It  ubottar  l 

Ttuui  urn  :  at  »i;. 

B,  In  J/#m«rtam.  ma. 

Thon 

inion: 

T»><v  1  «« 

Tua: 

.1  (  tf  .:  riW 

/   ■   .  . 

!y  by  Dryden,  on  Um 
subjeci  and 

i 

Lovo    a-la-Modo,   by    C.    Macklin 

1    ■   "  .     ■ 
fortune-hunter'*.      Charl 

courted  by   i 

•,"  an  Italian  Jew  It.  •  1 

fortune,  and  an  Irishman   in  the  Pi 

army.  :e  ha* 

lost  hi  - 

. 
Upon  ■ 

draw,    and 

I     ihf 

situation,      i  t 

■    1 1  .  . 


i  ...»  hwwMki 

.  i.it.nxta  . 

: 

•  Mosaa 

i 
mar* 

!  a,    lady 'a- 

• 


LOVE  DOCTOR. 


570 


LOVE-rRODUCERS. 


to  avoid  a  hateful  marriage,  and  took 
•ervice  for  the  nonce  with  Widow  Green. 
(2)  Wildrake  loves  Constance,  daughter 
of  sir  William  Fondlove.  (3)  Sir  Wil- 
liam Fondlove,  aged  60,  loves  Widow 
Green,  aged  40.  The  difficulties  to  be 
overcome  were  these :  The  social  position 
of  Lydia  galled  the  aristocratic  pride  of 
Waller,  but  love  won  the  day.  Wild- 
rake and  Constance  sparred  with  each 
other,  and  hardly  knew  they  loved  till 
it  dawned  upon  them  that  each  might 
prefer  some  other,  and  then  they  felt 
that  the  loss  would  be  irreparable. 
Widow  Green  set  her  heart  on  marrying 
Waller ;  but  as  Waller  preferred  Lydia, 
she  accepted  sir  William  for  better  or 
worse. 

Love  Doctor  (The),  V Amour  Me"- 
decin,  a  comedy  by  Moliere  (1665). 
Lucinde,  the  daughter  of  Sganarelle,  is 
in  love,  and  the  father  calls  in  four 
doctors  to  consult  upon  the  nature  of 
her  malady.  They  see  the  patient,  and 
retire  to  consult  together,  but  talk  about 
Paris,  about  their  visits,  about  the  topics 
of  the  day  ;  and  when  the  father  enters 
to  know  what  opinion  they  have  formed, 
they  all  prescribe  different  remedies,  and 
pronounce  different  opinions.  Lisette 
then  calls  in  a  "  quack "  doctor  (Cli- 
tandre,  the  lover),  who  says  that  he  must 
act  on  the  imagination,  and  proposes  a 
seeming  marriage,  to  which  Sganarelle 
assents,  saying,  "  Voila  un  grand  me'de- 
cin."  The  assistant  being  a  notary, 
Clitandre  and  Lucinde  are  formally  mar- 
ried. 

***  This  comedy  is  the  basis  of  the 
Quack  Doctor,  by  Foote  and  Bickerstaff, 
only  in  the  English  version  Mr.  Ailwood 
is  the  patient. 

Love  in  a  Village,  an  opera  by 
Isaac  Bickerstaff.  It  contains  two  plots  : 
the  loves  of  Rosetta  and  young  Meadows, 
and  the  loves  of  Lucinda  and  Jack 
Eustace.  The  entanglement  is  this : 
Rosetta's  father  wanted  her  to  marry 
young  Meadows,  and  sir  William  Meadows 
wanted  his  son  to  marry  Rosetta ;  but  as 
the  young  people  had  never  seen  each 
other,  they  turned  restive  and  ran  away. 
It  so  happened  that  both  took  service 
with  justice  Woodcock — Rosetta  as 
chamber-maid,  and  Meadows  as  gardener. 
Here  (hey  fell  in  love  with  each  other, 
and  ultimately  married,  to  the  delight  of 
all  concerned.  The  other  part  of  the 
plot  is  this : 

Lucinda   was  the   daughter  of  justice 


Woodcock,  and  fell  in  love  with  Jack 
Eustace  while  nursing  her  sick  mother, 
who  died.  The  justice  had  never  seen 
the  young  man,  but  resolutely  forbade 
the  connection  ;  whereupon  Jack  Eustace 
entered  the  house  as  a  music-master, 
and,  by  the  kind  offices  of  friends,  all 
came  right  at  last. 

Love  Makes  a  Man,  a  comedy 
concocted  by  Colley  Cibber  by  welding 
together  two  of  the  comedies  of  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  viz.,  the  Elder  Brother  and 
the  Custom  of  the  Country.  Carlos,  a 
young  student  (son  of  Antonio),  sees 
Angelina,  the  daughter  of  Charino,  and 
falls  in  love  with  her.  His  character 
instantly  changes,  and  the  modest,  diffi- 
dent bookworm  becomes  energetic,  manly, 
and  resolute.  Angelina  is  promised  by 
her  father  to  Clodio  a  coxcomb,  the 
younger  brother  of  Carlos ;  but  the 
student  elopes  with  her.  They  are  taken 
captives,  but  meet  after  several  adven- 
tures, and  become  duly  engaged.  Clodio, 
who  goes  in  search  of  the  fugitives,  meets 
with  Elvira,  to  whom  he  engages  himself, 
and  thus  leaves  the  field  open  to  hia 
brother  Carlos. 

Love-Producers. 

It  is  a  Basque  superstition  that  yellow 
hair  in  a  man  is  irresistible  with  women ; 
hence  every  woman  who  set  eyes  on 
Ezkabi  Fidel,  the  golden-haired,  fell  in 
love  with  him. 

It  is  a  West  Highland  superstition  that 
a  beauty  spot  cannot  be  resisted  ;  hence 
Diarmaid  inspired  masterless  love  by  a 
beauty  spot.  ' 

In  Greek  fable,  a  cestus  worn  by  a 
woman  inspired  love ;  hence  Aphrodite 
was  irresistible  on  account  of  her  cestus. 

In  the  Middle  Ages, love-powders  were 
advertised  for  sale ;  and  a  wise  senator 
of  Venice  was  not  ashamed  to  urge  on 
his  reverend  brethren,  as  a  fact,  that 
Othello  had  won  the  love  of  Desdemona 
"  by  foul  charms,"  drugs,  minerals, 
spells,  potions  of  mountebanks,  or  some 
dram  "powerful  o er  the  blood"  to 
awaken  love. 

Theocritos  and  Virgil  have  both  intro- 
duced in  their  pastorals  women  using 
charms  and  incantations  to  inspire  or 
recover  the  affection  of  the  opposite  sex. 

Gay,  in  the  Shepherd's  Week,  makes 
the  mistress  of  Lubberkin  spend  all  her 
money  in  buying  a  love-powder.  Frois- 
sart  says  that  Gaston,  son  of  the  count 
de  Foix,  received  a  bag  of  powder  from 
his  uncle  (Charles  the  Bad)  for  restoring 


LOST. 


.'■71 


-    t..    hifl    mother. 
The   1  nun   and   ^ 

tlnir    drinking    on    their 

i'oomey  a  1  r  kin,; 

ilnrk,  tlie   intended   In. 
princese. 

An  I 
will    run   a    hair    of    t    ■ 

taken  will  JO  mn<l 

\\  |    in    told  that  ( 'InirN-n.  .. 

I  by  •  ri: 

IMMOd    thii    rin^'    n.i    a 
n b  a  loadab 

•  lis  tabled  • 
ad  all  that  can  be 
done  '  •  ■ «.-  a  tew  Lri>f  hints  and 

exam; 

Love's  Labour's  Lost.  Ferdinand 
. .  aire,  ^  ith  three  lord  -  i 

I  I  iiimain,  and  Loi 

apend  three  yean  in  study,  daring  which 

■  i  women  h    the 

court.    Boarooly    lia<l    they    ligned    the 

line,   besought  an    int< 

I  to  be  due  fr  »m  the 

■  the  king 
The  four  gi  th  the 

f.Mir   :  king  with  • 

Biron    with 

Marin,  end   I  th  Katharin< .     I  . 

order  h  eany  the  i 
U 

■  ;    but  the 

it    tho 

lady.     However,  it   w 

•  1    that   the   iuiU   should    i 

la  day  ;  and 
if,    at 

ehoul  I  be  I 

■•H  of  the    I 

of    thr 

I.  1 

w 

»n.t    carnal,  ban 

« 

I 


.  and  rcea 

i    ill  the 

earth, 

raphe.     1!<-  f<  Una, 

ked  him  to  come  in  a.. 

his  trn 

:•.    [he    third  ■ 
Kama.    II 

but  as  aha  Axed  I 

and    ti 

thing!  that    i-  riah,    till   Uii»   mortal    n 

i!ity,  whri; 
and   Zaraph   will   be   admitted   into  the 

\ 


LiO\  • 
ni>t    al  •  •   amJ 

I 

i,     hu 

- 

■ 

i 

i 


1 

1 

■ 

• 

■ 

*i 

Ifai  • 


LOVEL. 


572 


LOVELY  OBSCURE. 


years  afterwards  the  chest  was  sold,  and 
the  skeleton  of  the  maiden  revealed  the 
mystery  of  her  disappearance. — T.  H. 
Bayley,  The  Mistletoe  Bowjh. 

Samuel  Rogers  has  introduced  this 
story  in  his  Italy  (pt.  i.  18,  1822).  He 
Bays  the  bride  was  Ginevra,  only  child  of 
Orsini  "  an  indulgent  father;"  and  that 
the  bridegroom  was  Francesco  Doria,  "her 
playmate  from  birth,  and  her  first  love." 
The  chest,  he  says,  was  an  heirloom, 
"  richly  carved  by  Antony  of  Trent,  with 
Scripture  stories  from  the  life  of  Christ." 
It  came  from  Venice,  and  had  "held  the 
ducal  robes  of  some  old  ancestor."  After 
the  accident,  Francesco,  weary  of  life, 
flew  to  Venice,  and  "flung  his  life  away 
in  battle  with  the  Turk  ;  "  Orsini  went 
deranged,  and  spent  the  life-long  day 
"  wandering  in  quest  of  something  he 
could  not  find."  It  was  fifty  years  after- 
wards that  the  skeleton  was  discovered  in 
the  chest. 

Collet,  in  his  Relics  of  Literature,  gives 
a  similai  story. 

In  the  Causes  Ce'lebres  is  another  ex- 
ample. 

A  similar  story  is  attached  to  Marwell 
Old  Hall,  once  the  residence  of  the  Sey- 
mours, and  subsequently  of  the  Dacre 
familv,  and  "the  very  chest  is  now  the 
property  of  the  Rev.  J.  Haygarth,  rector 
of  Upham." — Post-Office  Directory. 

The  same  tale  is  told  of  a  chest  in 
Bramshall,  Hampshire ;  and  also  of  a 
chest  in  the  great  house  at  Malsanger, 
near  Basingstoke. 

Lovel  (Lord),  in  Clara  Reeve's  tale 
called  The  Old  English  Baron,  appears  as 
a  ghost  in  the  obscurity  of  a  dim  religious 
light  (1777). 

Lovel  (Peregrine),  a  wealthy  commoner, 
who  suspects  his  servants  of  wasting  his 
substance  in  riotous  living  ;  so,  giving  out 
that  he  is  going  down  to  his  country  seat 
in  Devonshire,  he  returns  in  the  disguise 
of  an  Essex  bumpkin,  and  places  himself 
under  the  care  of  Philip,  the  butler,  to  be 
taught  the  duties  of  a  gentleman's  ser- 
vant. Lovel  finds  that  Philip  has  invited 
a  large  party  to  supper,  that  the  servants 
assembled  assume  the  titles  and  airs  of 
their  masters  and  mistresses,  and  that  the 
best  wines  of  the  cellar  are  set  before 
them.  In  the  midst  of  the  banquet,  he 
appears  before  the  party  in  his  real  cha- 
racter breaks  up  the  revel,  and  dismisses 
all  the  household  except  Tom,  whom  he 
places  in  charge  of  the  cellar  and  plate. — 


Rev.  J.  Townley,  High  Life  Below  Stain 
(1759). 

Lovel  (William),  the  hero  of  a  German 
novel  so  called,  by  Ludwig  Tieck  (1773- 
1853).     (See  Lovell.) 

Lovelace  (2  syl.),  the  chief  male  cha- 
racter in  Richardson's  no'vel  of  Clarissa 
Harlowe.  He  is  rich,  proud,  and  crafty ; 
handsome,  brave,  and  gay  ;  the  most  un- 
scrupulous but  finished  libertine  ;  always 
self-possessed,  insinuating,  and  polished 
(1749). 

"  Lovelace  "  is  as  great  an  improvement  on  "  Lothario," 
from  which  it  was  drawn,  as  Rowe's  hero  [in  the  /'air 
Penitent]  had  been  on  the  vulgar  rake  of  MassiHger. — 
£ncyc.  Urit.,  Art.  "  Romance." 

Lovelace  (2  syl.),  a  young  aristocrat, 
who  angles  with  flattery  for  the  daughter 
of  Mr.  Drugget,  a  rich  London  trades- 
man. He  fools  the  vulgar  tradesman  to 
the  top  of  his  bent,  and  stands  well  with 
him  ;  but,  being  too  confident  of  his  in- 
fluence, demurs  to  the  suggestion  of  the 
old  man  to  cut  two  fine  yew  trees  at  the 
head  of  the  carriage  drive  into  a  Gog  and 
Magog.  Drugget  is  intensely  angry, 
throws  off  the  young  man,  and  gives  his 
daughter  to  a  Mr.  Woodley. — A.  Murphy, 
Three  Weeks  after  Marriage. 

Love'less  ( The  Elder),  suitor  to  "The 
Scornful  Lady  "  (no  name  given). 

The  Younger  Loveless,  a  prodigal. — ■ 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Scornful 
Lady  (1G16). 

Loveless  (Edward),  husband  of  Amanda. 
He  pays  undue  attention  to  Berinthia, 
a  handsome  young  widow,  his  wife's 
cousin  ;  but,  seeing  the  folly  of  his  con- 
duct, he  resolves  in  future  to  devote  him- 
self to  his  wife  with  more  fidelity. — 
Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Scar-borough  (1777). 

Lovell  (Benjamin),  a  banker,  proud 
of  his  ancestry,  but  with  a  weakness  for 
gambling. 

Elsie  Lovell,  his  daughter,  in  love  with 
Victor  Ornie  the  poor  gentleman. — 
Wybert  Reeve,  Parted. 

Lovell  (Lord).  Sir  Giles  Overreach 
fully  expected  that  his  lordship  would 
marry  his  daughter  Margaret;  but  he 
married  lady  Allworth,  and  assisted  Mar- 
garet in  marrying  Tom  Allworth,  the  man 
of  her  choice.  (See  Lovel.) — Massingcr, 
A  New  Way  to  Pay  Old  Debts  (1628). 

Lovely  Obscure  ( The),  Am'auxs  :f 
Gaul.     Same  as  Belten'ebros. 

The  great  Amadis,  when  he  assumed  the  name  of  "  Tru 
lively  Obscure,"  dwelt  either  eight  years  or  eight  mor  th» 
I  forget  which,  upon  a  naked  rock,  doing   penanct  U 


LOVEMORE. 


LO\  . 


•now  ankliidiMa  limwii  him  \-j  the  Udr  OrU'u.  [  Th« 
rock  is  r .  /-xi  "  r\«  facr  A'v<*.~r-0*milt«,  An 
V«UX«.  i.  llL    1  |1«U»,. 

Ijovo'more  (2  5i//.),  a  iwn  food  <-if 
gaiety  and  pleasure,  srho  sincerelj 
nil  wife;  bat,  finding  hit  home  doll,  and 
tluit  hi 

abroad,  and 
treats  hii  wife  una  •  - < > l <  1  civility  and 
formal  politeneu.  II"  is  driven  t"  in- 
trigue, lnit,  being  broughl  to  see  its  folly, 
aekno*  •  faults,  and  hi.s  wif<.  re- 

"  t<>  try  to  k>  ep  him  "  by  n 
hit  home  more  lively  and  agreeable. 

Mr. 
•  re.  wlin  finds  if   "  she  ITOold  keep 

her  husband"  to  herself,  it  is  no!  enough 
t"  ••hf  ii  prudent  manager, careless  of  her 
own  comforts,  not  in n.-ti  given  t 
nir.' ;  grave,  retired]  and  d 
govern  lu-r  household,   pay  the   ti 

bills,  ami  love  her  husband:*1  hut 

■   niu.-t  be  addi  ort  to 

please  and  amuse  him,  and  to  make  his 

i  able  to  him. — A. 

Ifnrphy,  J 

Lovers  mites 

of  distinguif 

Abistoi i.k  and  li. . 

unmetta 
daughter  of  Robert  of  Najpli 

Buura    and    tiighlai 
Mary  <  bsspoaM  or  M 

Bti  iuicciolil. 

c.\  n  i.i.i  -i  and  ■  looia  called 

• 

Chabj  i  -  II.  i  :   l    gland  and  D 
Villiera  [dm  ind] ;   Louise 

■    Ports- 
;  and  Nell  <  I wyune. 

Ph t Vi iH  \  1 1.    •;   Prance  and 
BonL 

Cm  (  77ie-)  and  the  fair  Xr: 
wards  his  '■■ 

Darts' and  Beatrice  [Portinari]. 
Bro  i  ki  i  and  Leontium. 

1  RAMCOIS  1.  and  la  du  UunpCS 

i 

I .  and  the  duchess  of  K 

I  ■' 

I 

oik. 

an   III.    i 

[It:.  t]. 

. 

Mrs.     i 
I 
of  ■)< 

ind  ihf  frau  vnn  Stein. 
H  \>.  ..»Uir« 


[Maria 


.   i    «i»], 

aftir  - 

Hazi  .ll.tr. 

;    II.  and   i 
11 1.  Mil     IV.     and    Iji 

lli.siiv     II.     and     the    fair    ROM 
[Jane  ■ 
Hob  \'  ■  and  ' . 
Johhsoh  [Dr. 

I.AM  LRTIHI  Si]  I   I   .  ■•  .  r 

Loots  xr. 

l.«i\  1:1.  m  b  an  I  the 
called  Lui-nsLtt  [  /. -. 
Kibabbad  and  M  . 

ilton. 

I'l  B.ICU 

IN:  i  i:  \ i:«  n   and   I-aura  [•/. 

I'l      \ 

PrIOB  and  Chi  » 

I 

' 
I 

Bids 

Bpbnsbb  »:.d    1:  - 1.   . :    ".'. 
nt]. 

:ihis  did  age)  an.; 
']• 

Si  r  f)  and 

:   I.ra- 

. 
■ 

111!' 

\\  i  r  :  Urn 

Wiiiivm     IV.    m    dule    of    i  Ureses 
\\ 

platoi 

'  nng, 
John   I  lew  it  and 

t  full 

.  n    a 

Nillod. 
thaii 


I '   ;  ■   wroU 


LOVERS*  LEAP. 


574 


LUBAR. 


%*  Probably  Thomson  had  this  in- 
cident in  view  in  his  tale  of  Celadon  and 
Amelia. — See  Seasons  ("Summer,"  1727). 

Ijovers'  Leap.  The  leap  from  the 
Leuca'dian  promontory  into  the  sea.    This 

Eromontory  is  in  the  island  of  Leucas  or 
eucadia,  in  the  Ionian  Sea.  Sappho 
threw  herself  therefrom  when  she  found 
her  love  for  Phaon  was  not  requited. 

A  precipice  on  the  Guadalhorce  (4  syl.), 
from  which  Manuel  and  Laila  cast  them- 
selves, is  also  called  "The  Lovers'  Leap." 
(See  Laila.) 

Lovers'  Vows,  altered  from  Kotze- 
bue's  drama  by  Mrs.  Inchbald  (1800). 
Baron  Wildenhaim,  in  his  youth,  seduced 
Agatha  Friburg,  and  then  forsook  her. 
She  had  a  son  Frederick,  who  in  due 
time  became  a  soldier.  While  on  fur- 
lough, he  came  to  spend  his  time  with 
his  mother,  and  found  her  reduced  to 
abject  poverty  and  almost  starved  to 
death.  A  poor  cottager  took  her  in, 
while  Frederick,  who  nad  no  money, 
went  to  beg  charity.  Count  Wildenhaim 
was  out  with  his  gun,  and  Frederick 
asked  alms  of  him.  The  count  gave  him 
a  shilling ;  Frederick  demanded  more, 
and,  being  refused,  seized  the  baron  by 
the  throat.  The  keepers  soon  came  up, 
collared  him,  and  put  him  in  the  castle 
dungeon.  Here  he  was  visited  by  the 
chaplain,  and  it  came  out  that  the  count 
was  his  father.  The  chaplain  being  ap- 
pealed to,  told  the  count  the  only  repara- 
tion he  could  make  would  be  to  marry 
Agatha  and  acknowledge  the  young  s"oldier 
to  be  his  son.  This  advice  he  followed, 
and  Agatha  Friburg,  the  beggar,  became 
the  baroness  Wildenhaim  of  Wildenhaim 
Castle. 

Love'rule  (Sir  John),  a  very  pleasant 
gentleman,  but  wholly  incapable  of  ruling 
his  wife,  who  led  him  a  miserable  dance. 

Lady  Loverule,  a  violent  termagant, 
who  beat  her  servants,  scolded  her  hus- 
band, and  kept  her  house  in  constant  hot 
water,  but  was  reformed  by  Zakel  Jobsork 
the  cobbler.  (See  Devil  to  Pay.) — C. 
Coffey,  The  Devil  to  Pay  (died  1745). 

Love'well,  the  husband  of  Fanny 
Sterling,  to  whom  he  has  been  clandes- 
tinely married  for  four  months. — Colman 
and  Garrick,  The  Clandestine  Marriage 
(1766). 

Loving-Land,  a  place  where  Neptune 
held  his  "  nymphall  "  or  feast  given  to 
the  sea-nymphs. 


[He]  his  Tritons  made  proclaim,  a  nymphall  to  be  held 
In  honour  of  himself  in  Loving-land,  where  he 
The  most  selected  nymphs  appointed  had  to  be. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xx.  (1623). 

Lovinski  (Baron),  the  friend  of 
prince  Lupauski,  under  whose  charge  the 
princess  Lodois'ka  (4  syl.)  is  placed  during 
a  war  between  the  Poles  and  the  Tartars. 
Lovinski  betrays  his  trust  by  keeping 
the  princess  a  virtual  prisoner  because 
she  will  not  accept  him  as  a  lover.  The 
count  Floreski  makes  his  way  into  the 
castle,  and  the  baron  seeks  to  poison  him, 
but  at  this  crisis  the  Tartars  invade  the 
castle,  the  baron  is  slain,  and  Floreski 
marries  the  princess. — J.  P.  Kemble, 
Lodoisha  (a  melodrame). 

Low-Heels  and  High-Heels, 
two  factions  in  Lilliput.  The  High-heels 
were  opposed  to  the  emperor,  who  wora 
low  heels  and  employed  Low-heels  in 
his  cabinet.  Of  course  the  Low-heels 
are  the  whigs  and  low-church  party,  and 
the  High-heels  the  tories  and  high-church 
party.  (See  Big-endians.)  —  Swift, 
Gulliver's  Travels  ("  Voj'age  to  Lilliput,'' 
1727). 

LowestofTe  (Reginald),  a  young 
Templar. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Lowther  (Jack),  a  smuggler. — Sir 
W.     Scott,    Redgauntlet    (time,     George 

Loyal  Subject  (The),  Archas 
general  of  the  Muscovites,  and  the  father 
of  colonel  Theodore.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Loyale  Epee  (La),  "the  honest 
soldier,"  marshal  de  MacMahon  (1808, 
president  of  France  from  1873  to  1879, 
died  ). 

Loys  de  Dreux,  a  young  Breton 
nobleman,  who  joined  the  Druses,  and 
was  appointed  their  prefect. 

toys  (2  tyl.)  the  boy  stood  on  the  leading  prow. 

Conspicuous  in  his  gay  attire. 

Robert  Browning,  The  Return  of  the  Druse  t,  L 

Luath  (2  syl.),  Cuthullin's  "swift- 
footed  hound." — Ossian,  Fingal,  ii. 

Fingal  had  a  dog  called  "Luath"  and 
another  called  "Bran." 

In  Robert  Burns's  poem,  called  The  Twa 
Dogs,  the  poor  man's  dog  which  repre- 
sents the  peasantry  is  called  "  Luath," 
and  the  gentleman's  dog  is  "  Cffisar." 

Lubar,  a  river  of  Ulster,  which  flows 
between  the  two  mountains  Cromleacb 
and  Crommal. — Ossian. 


\  S ! '. 


u. 

Th«  cnlla  is*  >w  rtfrnw 
maim  ■■!  iV«  - 
tr—»  r,  i  <r  Uu4  " 

Ib  Ii«U. 

IjUi-   l     . 

•an,"  ii.  160  ;  "  ! 

I 

t  . 

I 

1 

Luo 
lady-lore  of  Prol 

of     the     pin 

.     . 

Lu'cia, 

|..\»-.l  by  t>"t!i  t1  - 

A 

•tway'i 

I  brifty 

U  c«l'' 

- 
I 

i 
Um   mrk,    in 

; 

of  Ui«  »a»ht    | 

BmmTm.— Vanwl*,  Jkn  v-"-"    111. 
I 

by  «ir  W.  ft 

• 

lh«  f» 


I 

mt  W. 

.  !     . 

I  .  -    ♦ 

Lu'c 

I 

■ 
t 

ami  »t 

I 

■ 

■i   an   ».»«. 

: 


■ 


1 


!.»•!   ■ 


LUCINDA. 


576 


LUCIUS  TIBERIUS. 


the  bride  was  married  already  to  Car- 
denio.  Next  day,  she  left  the  house 
privately,  and  took  refuge  in  a  convent, 
whence  "she  was  forcibly  abducted  by  don 
Fernando.  Stopping  at  an  inn,  the  party 
found  there  Dorothea  the  wife  of  don 
Fernando,  and  Cardenio  the  husband  of 
Lucinda,  and  all  things  arranged  them- 
selves satisfactorily  to  the  parties  con- 
cerned.— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv. 
(1605). 

Lucin'da,  the  bosom  friend  of  Rosetta ; 
merry,  coquettish,  and  fit  for  any  fun. 
She  is  the  daughter  of  justice  Woodcock, 
and  falls  in  love  with  Jack  Eustace, 
against  her  father's  desire.  Jack,  who  is 
unknown  to  the  justice,  introduces  him- 
self into  the  house  as  a  music-master ; 
and  sir  William  Meadows  induces  the 
old  man  to  consent  to  the  marriage  of 
the  young  people. — I.  Bickers taff,  Love 
in  a  Village. 

Lucinda,  referred  to  by  the  poet  Thom- 
son in  his  Spring,  was  Lucy  Fortescue, 
daughter  of  Hugh  Fortescue  of  Devon- 
shire, and  wife  of  lord  George  Lyttelton. 

O  Lyttelton  .  .  . 

Courting  the  Muse,  thro'  Hagley  Park  thou  strayst .  . . 

Perhaps  thy  loved  Lucinda  shares  thy  walk, 

With  boul  to  thine  attuned. 

Thomson,  The  Seasons  ("  Spring,"  1728). 

Lueinde  (2  syL),  daughter  of  Sgana- 
relle.  As  she  has  lost  her  spirit  and 
appetite,  her  father  sends  for  four  physi- 
cians, who  all  differ  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  malady  and  the  remedy  to  be  applied. 
Lisette  (her  waiting-woman)  sends  in  the 
mean  time  for  Clitandre,  the  lover  of 
Lueinde,  who  comes  under  the  guise  of  a 
mock  doctor.  He  tells  Sganarelle  the 
disease  of  the  young  lady  must  be  reached 
through  the  imagination,  and  prescribes 
the  semblance  of  a  marriage.  As  his 
assistant  is  in  reality  a  notary,  the  mock 
marriage  turns  out  to  be  a  real  one. — 
Moliere,  L' Amour  Me"deoin  (1665). 

Lueinde  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Ge'ronte 
(2  syl.).  Her  father  wanted  her  to  marry 
Horace ;  but  as  she  was  in  love  with 
Leandrc,  she  pretended  to  have  lost 
the  power  of  articulate  speech,  to  avoid  a 
marriage  which  6he  abhorred.  Sgana- 
relle, the  faggot-maker,  was  introduced 
as  a  famous  dumb  doctor,  and  soon  saw 
the  state  of  affairs  ;  so  he  took  with  him 
Leandre  as  an  apothecary,  and  the  young 
lady  received  a  perfect  cure  from  "pills 
matrimoniac."  —  Moliere,  Le  Me~dccin 
Malgre'Lui  (1666). 

Lu'cio»  a    fantastic,   not    absolutely 


bad,  but  vicious  and  dissolute.  He  is 
unstable,  "  like  a  wave  of  the  sea,  driven 
by  the  wind  and  tossed,"  and  has-  no 
restraining  principle. — Shakespeare,  Mea- 
sure for  Measure  (1603). 

Lucip'pe  (3  syl.),  a  woman  attached 
to  the  suite  of  the  princess  Calis  (sister  of 
Astorax  king  of  Paphos). — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Mad  Lover  (1618). 

Lu'eius,  son  of  Coillus  ;  a  mythical 
king  of  Britain.  Geoffrey  says  he  sent  a 
letter  to  pope  Eleutherius  (177-193)  de- 
siring to  be  instructed  in  the  Christian 
religion,  whereupon  the  pope  sent  over 
Dr.  Faganus  and  Dr.  Duvanus  for  th* 
purpose.  Lucius  was  baptized,  and 
"people  from  all  countries"  with  him. 
The  pupa  temples  in  Britain  were  con- 
verted into  churches,  the  archflamens  into 
archbishops,  and  the  flamens  into  bishops. 
So  there  were  twenty-eight  bishops  and 
three  archbishops. — British  Histor^,  iv. 
19  (1470). 

He  oui  flamens"  seats  who  turned  to  bishops'  sees. 
Great  Lucius,  that  good  king  to  whom  we  chiefly  owe 
This  happiness  we  have — Christ  crucified  to  know. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  viii.  (1612). 

Nennius  says  that  king  Lucius  was 
baptized  in  167  by  Evaristus;  but  this  is 
a  blunder,  as  Evaristus  lived  a  century 
before  the  date  mentioned. 

The  archflamens  were  those  of  London, 
York,  and  Newport  (the  City  of  Legions 
or  Caerleon-on-Usk). 

Drayton  calls  the  two  legates  "  Fugatiua 
and  St.  Damian." 

Those  goodly  Romans  .  .  .  who  .  .  . 

Won  good  king  Lucius  first  to  embrace  the  Christian 

faith : 
Fugatius  and  his  friend  St.  Dnmlan  .  .  . 
.  .  .  have  their  remembrance  here. 

Drayton,  Polyoibion,  xxir.  (1622). 

After  baptism,  St.  Lucius  abdicated, 
and  became  a  missionary  in  Switzerland, 
where  he  died  a  martyr's  death. 

Lucius  (Caius),  general  of  the  Roman 
forces  in  Britain  in  the  reign  of  king 
Cvm'beline  (3  syl.). — Shakespeare,  Cym- 
be'line  (1605). 

Lucius  Tiberius,  general  of  the 
Roman  army,  who  wrote  to  king  Arthur, 
commanding  him  to  appear  at  Rome  to 
make  satisfaction  for  the  conquests  he 
had  made,  and  to  receive  such  punish- 
ment as  the  senate  might  think  proper  to 
pasj  on  him.  This  letter  induced  Arthur 
to  declare  war  with  Rome.  So,  com- 
mitting the  care  of  government  to  his 
nephew  Modred,  he  marched  to  Lyonaise 
(in  Gaul),  where  he  won  a  complet 
victory,  and  left  Lucius  dead  on  the  field. 


LI  <  RET1A. 


LUCY. 


He  nnw  started  for  Rome;  but  being  told 
that  Mo,ir«il  had  usurped  the  crown,  lie 
■  l  back  t"  Britain,  ami  fought  the 
great  battle  of  the  Wo  t,  where  be  re- 
caived  His  death-woond  from  the  hand  <>f 
Modred. — Geoffrey,  British  History,  ix. 
15-2U;  x.  (II  12). 

•  Arthur  dkl  «il»«nce 
T..  m~t,  with  hi.  idllra.  Ui.it  |  ■uiun.nl  farea  In  FrmnCB 
I  >m  Ihitlior  lad. 

I>rm>tnn,  PoltotbUm.  I».  (lMJt. 

Lucro'tia,  daughter  "f  Spuriua  Lu- 
Metiua  prefed  of  Rome,  nml  wife  of 
Tarquinioa  Collati'nus.  Bhe  waa  dis- 
honoured I •■■  -  •■"  "f  Tar- 
i| ii in i ti s  Buperbus.  Having  avowed  her 
dishonour  in  the  presence  of  her  father, 
Ikt  husband,  Junius  Brutus,  nml  some 
others,  slic  stabbed  herself. 

This  subject  has  been  dramatised  in 
by  Ant.  Vincent  Arnault,  in  n 
tragedy  called  Lueries  l  1792)  :  and  by 
Francois  Ponaard  in  1848.  Io  English, 
by  Thomas  Heywood,  in  a  tragedy  en- 
titled   ■ 

Nathaniel    Lee,   entitled    Luriut    Junius 

enteenth   century)  ;    ami  by 

John  H.  Payne,  entitled   Brutus  oi    /  a 

.' .[,,iii    { 1820).      Sbal  i 

I  the  same  subject  for  his  poem 

entitled  The  &  ■, 

Lucrezia  rii  Borgia,  dauj 
pope   Alexander    VI.     Bhe    was    thrice 
married,  hei  last  husband  being  Alfonso 
duke  of  Ferra'ra.     Before  this  m 
she  had  a  natural  son  named  Gcnna  ro, 
who  was  brought  op  by   a   Neapolitan 
fisherman.     When  grown  t>>   manhood, 
Gennaro  had  a  commission  given  him  in 
the  army,  ami  in  the  battle  of  Rim'ini  he 
■tved  the  life  of  Orsini.     1"  V< 
declaimed    freely  against  the    vi 
rgia,   an<l  on   on< 
itilated  tin-  escutcheon  of  the 
duke  by  knocking  of!  the  B,  thai  con- 
■       :  i 

should  suffer  death  by  poison  ;  but  when 

sJke  diseovered  thai  the  oftV  nder  was  bet 

.  n     son,  she  gave  him  an  antidote,  ami 

l  him  from  jail,     n  irccli  .  bow- 

1    at    a    bamim  t    ;•;••■  n 

Iht   >>wn    ■ 
rod .       1 ' 

/ 

ntitled 

Lucrullus,  s 

:f  indulge  i 


•    -i  supper  had 

been  prepared,  beii 
be  his  .  •.  "  I.mu'.li. 

sap     to-night     wait     Lucullnan     (h.c. 
llu  57). 

i  rfehcr 

I 

■  i  iH«r  sm#. 

Litic'umo,    »    satra|  •>,    or 

khedive  ami 

The  over-king  waa  eal  •        rs.fi 
■ 
sonat  1  i 

thai  of  Bavaria  in  t;  • 
Germany,  when  the  hang  of   Pin 
the  inrs. 

Ant)  plainly  v 

- 
By  i-  ' '  rw  and  uiat. 

fcaih  warlike  : 

b,nt  Macula  •»?  S*a»a 

(•llur.t:  :..■  oO  .  IMS). 

Lucy,  » 
Amidas.      I 

slthy    Philtra,  she  tl 
into  the  sea,  but  was  sai 
n  chest.     Both   '  • 

.ml  that  t'  • 
• 

th<  r  of  An 

••two 

goodlj  i:''l  the   1- 

Spenser,   /  -■ 

I      ,     daughter     of     Mr.     R 
Wealthy,  a  rich  London  merchant.     Bet 
father  wanted  her  t-.   marn 

hetumi 
duced   ■ 

j  ••  the  mil 

>.<•  a  modest  girl  wl 
entrapped,   ami   hi 
When  the  facts  oi 
Mr.  Wealth}    and 
father  ■ 
at  the  ha|  i 

;ur. — 

- 

r!      al      1*, 
ami    a    child    of    I 

father  who  *a.*  a 

nothing 

-  n."     i  »ld  ' 
marr\ 

that     1  i 

■ 
■ 

Ml  tha 


LUCY  AND  COLIN. 


578 


LUKE. 


jailer.  A  foolish  j'oung  woman,  who, 
decoyed  by  captain  Macheath  under  the 
specious  promise  of  marriage,  effected  his 
escape  from  jail.  The  captain,  however, 
was  recaptured,  and  condemned  to  death ; 
but  being  reprieved,  confessed  himself 
married  to  Polly  Peachum,  and  Lucy 
was  left  to  seek  another  mate. 

How  happy  could  I  be  with  either  [Lucy  or  Polly\ 
Were  t'other  dear  charmer  away  I 

J.  Gay,  The  Beggar  $  Opera,  II.  2  (1727). 

Miss  Fenton  (duchess  of  Bolton)  was 
the  original  "Lucy  Lockit"  (1708-1760). 

Lucy  and  Colin.  Colin  was  be- 
trothed to  Lucy,  but  forsook  her  for  a 
bride  "thrice  as  rich  as  she."  Lucy 
drooped,  but  was  present  at  the  wedding  ; 
and  when  Colin  saw  her,  "  the  damps  of 
death  bedewed  his  brow,  and  he  died." 
Both  were  buried  in  one  tomb,  and  many 
a  hind  and  plighted  maid  resorted  thither, 
"to  deck  it  with  garlands  and  true-love 
knots." — T.  Tickell,  Lucy  and  Colin. 

%*  Vincent  Bourne  has  translated 
this  ballad  into  Latin  verse. 

Through  all  Tickelfs  works  there  is  a  strain  of  ballad- 
thinking.  ...  In  this  ballad  [Lucy  and  Colin]  he  seems 
to  have  surpassed  himself.  It  is.  perhaps,  the  beat  in  our 
language. — Goldsmith,  beautia  of  English  Pastry  (1707). 

Lueyl'ius  (b.c.  148-103),  the  father 
of  Roman  satire. 

I  have  presumed,  my  lord  for  to  present 

With  this  poore  Gla-se,  which  is  of  trustie  Steele  [tatirel 

And  came  to  me  by  wi!  and  testament 

Of  one  that  w;is  a  Gtassmaker  \xutirist]  indeede  : 

Lucylius  this  worthy  man  was  namde. 

G.  Gascuigne,  The  Steele  Glaa  (died  1577). 

Lud,  son  of  lleli,  who  succeeded  his 
father  as  king  of  Britain.  "  Lud  rebuilt 
the  walls  of  Trinovantum,  and  surrounded 
the  city  with  Innumerable  towers  .  .  . 
for  which  reason  it  was  called  Kaer-lud, 
Anglicized  into  Lud-ton,  and  softened 
into  London.  .  .  .  When  dead,  his  body 
was  buried  by  the  gate  .  .  .  Parth- 
lud,  called  in  Saxon  Ludes-gate." — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  iii.  20  (1142). 

.  .  .  that  mighty  Lud,  in  whose  eternal  name 
Great  Loudon  still  shall  live  (by  him  rehuilded). 

Drayton,  Polyolblon,  viii.  (1611). 

("  Parth-lud,"  in  Latin  Porta-Lud.) 

Lud  (General),  the  leader  of  distressed 
and  riotous  artisans  in  the  manufacturing 
districts  of  England,  who,  in  1811,  en- 
deavoured to  prevent  the  use  of  power- 
looms. 

Luddites  (2syl.),  the  riotous  artisans 
who  followed  the  leader  called  general 
Lud. 

Above  thirty  years  before  this  time,  an  Imbecile  named 
Ned  Lud,  living  in  a  village  in  Leicestershire,  being 
tormented  by  some  boys,  .  .  .  pursued  one  of  them  into 
a  house,  iiud  .  -   ■  broke  two  stocking-frames.     His  name 


was  taken  by  those  who  broke  power-looms.— H.  liar- 
tin  eau. 

Lud's  Town,  London,  as  if  a  cor- 
ruption of  Lud-ton.  Similarly,  Ludgate 
is  said  to  be  Lud's-gate ;  and  Ludgate 
prison  is  called  "Lud's  Bulwark."  Of 
course,  the  etymologies  are  only  suitable 
for  fable. 

King  Lud,  repairing  the  city,  called  it  after  his  name, 
"Lud's  town;"  the  strong  gate  which  he  built  In  the 
west  part  he  named  "Ludgate."  In  1260,  the  gate  was 
beautified  with  images  of  Lud  and  other  kings.  Those 
images,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.,  had  their  hearts 
smitten  off.  .  .  .  Queen  Mary  did  set  new  heads  upon 
their  old  bodies  again.  The  28th  of  queen  Elizabeth,  the 
gate  was  newly  beautified  with  images  of  Lud  and  others, 
as  before.— Stow,  Survey  o/  London  (1598). 

Ludov'ieo,  chief  minister  of  Naples 
He  heads  a  conspiracy  to  murder  the 
king  and  seize  the  crown.  Ludovico  is 
the  craftiest  of  villains,  but,  being  caught 
in  his  own  guile,  he  is  killed. — Sheil, 
Evadne  or  The  Statue  (1820). 

Ludwal  or  Idwal,  son  of  Roderick 
the  Great,  of  North  Wales.  He  refused 
to  pay  Edgar  king  of  England  the  tribute 
which  had  been  levied  ever  since  the 
time  of  /Ethelstan.  William  of  Malmes- 
bury  tells  us  that  Edgar  commuted  the 
tribute  for  300  wolves'  heads  yearly ; 
the  wolf-tribute  was  paid  for  three 
years,  and  then  discontinued,  because 
there  were  no  more  wolves  to  be  found. 

O  Edgar  I  who  compelledst  our  Ludwal  heme  to  pay 
Three  hundred  wolves  a  year  for  tribute  unto  thee. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  ix.  (1612). 

Lufra,  Douglas's  dog,  "the  fleetest 
hound  in  all  the  North." — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Lady  of  the  Lake  (1810). 

Ellen,  the  while,  with  bursting  heard 
Kemained  in  lordly  bower  apart  .  •  . 
While  Lufra,  crouching  at  her  side, 
Her  station  claimed  with  jealous  pride. 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of  the  Lake,  vL  23  (1810). 

Luggnagg,  an  island  where  the  in- 
habitants never  die.  Swift  shows  some 
of  the  evils  which  would  result  from 
such  a  destiny,  unless  accompanied  with 
eternal  youth  and  freshness.  —  Swift, 
Gulliver's  Travels  (1726). 

Lu'gier,  the  rough,  confident  tutor  of 
Oriana,  etc.,  and  chief  engine  whereby 
"  the  wild  goose  "  Mirabel  is  entrapped 
into  marriage  with  her. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Wild-yoose  Chase  (1652). 

Luke,  brother-in-law  of  "the  City 
madam."  He  was  raised  from  a  state 
of  indigence  into  enormous  wealth  by 
a  deed  of  gift  of  the  estates  of  his 
brother,  sir  John  Frugal,  a  retired  mer- 
chant. While  dependent  on  his  brother, 
lady  Frugal  ("  the  City  lady ")  treated 
Luke  with  great  scorn  and  rudeness  ;  but 


LUKE. 

■/hen  slip  and  her  daughter  '  i 
pendent  on  him,  he  cut  down  the 
Unities  of  the  fine  lady  to  the  measure  "f 
her  original  state 

Him    Rumble,  fanner.  er,    The 

City  Madam  (16 

MwidmrrilMct  rli»r«rler»»ro  thr  liti<nrrltiekl  "Lum«" 

uvi  iiic  Ik-ioh-  "Man  >  Uaa> 

.  patriarch*!  nuncio,  and  i.i*hop  of 
Uic  1  t u  -.  s.    He  '••  rnu 

.  . .  u 

My  i    •  ;  "f. 

RuUji  Browning,  ;a«  Mttmm  of  (*<•  /;mj«,  t. 

ib  l.i  ki:  Limp,  ft  tuft- 
hunter,  a  o  the  bottle,  and  a 
hanger-on  of  great  men  for  no  other 
i  than  nuT''  snobbism.  ^ir  Luke 
will  "cling  to  -ir  John  till  the  baronet 
is  superseded  by  my  1  <  ■  r>  1  ;  quitting  the 
pony  peer  i"r:iu  carl,  and  sa  ri  cine  all 
three  i<>  ■  duke." — b.  Foote,  1'kt  Lame 

Luko's  Bird  («.),  the  ox. 

Luko'8  Iron  Crown.    Ge  rgeaad 
Luke  Doaa  headed  an  unsuc 
■  irian  nobles  in  i 

teentb  century.     Luke  was  put  to  death 
hi  .-i  red-hoi  iri'ii  erown,  in  mockery  of 
proclaimed 
irai  nui  mi   unusual  punishment 
lor  those  »li"  -  honours  in 

Hm  Uiddle  Agi  s.     Thus,  a  ben    1 
■turned    the    erown    of    Bicily,    kaiser 
Heinrich  VI.  of  Germany  set  him  on  ■ 
red  hot  iron  throne,   nnil  crowned  him 
>»iili  a  red-hot  iron  crown  (twelfth  een- 

turv). 

•«•  The  "iron  crown  <>f  Lombardy" 
must  ti"t  be  misl  i 
of   punishment.    The  former  is  i 
the  nails  used  in  the  Crucifixion. 

out  into  h  i.'im  run  of  iron,  magnificently 

gold,    ftii'l    n.<  1  •  •  ni«  .1    with 
Charli  in  igne  and   '  I .  •• 

cr"" IK  d  ■  .ih  it. 

Luko's  Ehunmer  (SL),  w  i 

F.  M  u  t.rt,  i  nmerly 

*•  r,  which  occur  I  Lukes 

l  •  r  l";  and  St.  Marti 

nber  II  . 

In  ...  •  •■>•«. 

Luilly   |  fi  in  ill.  In  in 

(iliiionophei 
distillation,  and  n  useful  chemi- 

cal ih 

i.l  a  philosophic  dreamer.     He  is 

filly  callrd  / 
116). 


679  LUMPKIN. 


He  Ulkl  of  RAjm..r.|  I 

,    erm.  Lot* }»r  Urn.  111.  ,l*«il. 

Lumbcrcoui- 

■ 

to    Egerton    Mcti 

...   l'Ut 

married  <  lonstant    . 

His  lordshi| 

tretmnpt  should    l»c    his    rum ;    1 

Pertinax   told  him    thi 

still  n 

brother,    Sandy, 

lordahi| 

reat  lih 

••  r 

of    lord   Lumbereourt,  who, 
sideral 

[■limit ;    Lai    as    1  gerton 
fancy  for  thi 

:i's  brother  same 

■ 

"  Ai  I  Ii»"  nae  mum  to  bar*  it.*  W-.  • 


Liiimbey  U'r.),  a  !«t<.ut,  blnff-l 
gentleman,  with  no   shirt-collar,   i»n<l  a 
i..  .u.l  that  I 
day   morning  ;  foi 
popular,  and 
— C.  i'. 

Lumloy  the  royal  armr 

under  the  duke  of    V.  Sir    NV. 

•  U.). 

Ijtimon,  a  hill  in  Inis-Hun.i,  t 
ce  of  Sulmalla.     Sulmal  la  w 
or  of  ( '••mi. 
and  bis  wife*  lun' 

•  i.    hraun    ut    '.  .  * 

. .  I 

■ 
Lumpkin  I 

•    «nJ 

■ 

: 

waa   h  SOI    i.  1 1.— 


LUN.  580 

0.  Goldsmith,    She    Stoops    to    Conquer 
(1773). 

I  feel  as  Tony  Lumpkin  felt,  who  never  had  the  least 
difficulty  in  reading  Uie  outside  of  his  letters,  but  who 
found  it  very  hard  work  to  decipher  the  inside. — A.  K.  H. 
Boyd. 

Quirk's  great  parts  were  "  Isaac,"  "  Tony  Lumpkin," 
"Spado,"  and  "sir  Christopher  Curry."— Records  of  a 
Sta>jc  Veteran. 

Quick  F1748-1831]  was  the  original  "  Tony  Lumpkin," 
"  Acres,"  and  "  Isaac  Mendoza." — Memoir  of  John  quick 
(1832). 

***  "Isaac  "in  The  Duenna,  by  Sheri- 
dan ;  "  Spado"  in  The  Castle  of  Andalusia, 
by  O'Keefe  ;  "  sir  C.  Curry  "  in  Inkle  and 
Yarico,  by  Colman. 

Lull.  So  John  Rich  called  himself 
when  he  performed  "  harlequin."  It  was 
John  Rich  who  introduced  pantomime 
(1C81-1761). 

On  one  side  Folly  sits,  by  some  called  Fun  ; 
And  on  the  other  his  arebpatron  Lun. 

Churchill. 

Luna  (Tl  conte  di),  uncle  of  Manri'co. 
lie  entertains  a  base  passion  for  the  prin- 
cess Leonora,  who  is  in  love  with  Man- 
rico  ;  and,  in  order  to  rid  himself  of  his 
rival,  is  about  to  put  him  to  death,  when 
Leonora  promises  to  give  herself  to  him  if 
he  will  spare  her  lover.  The  count  con- 
sents ;  but  while  he  goes  to  release  his 
captive,  Leonora  poisons  herself. — Verdi, 
//  1'rovato're  (an  opera,  1853). 

Lundin  (Dr.  Luke),  the  chamberlain 
at  Kinross. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Lundin  (The  Rev.  sir  Louis),  town 
clerk  of  Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Lunsford  (Sir  Thomas),  governor  of 
the  Tower.  A  man  of  such  vindictive 
temper  that  the  name  was  used  as  a  terror 
to  children. 

Made  children  with  your  tones  to  run  for't. 
As  bad  as  Bloody-bones  or  Lunsford. 

S.  Butler,  I/udibras,  iii.  I,  line  1112  (1678). 
From  Fielding  and  from  Vavasour, 

Both  ill-affected  men  ; 
From  Lunsford  eke  deliver  m, 
That  eateth  childSreu. 

Lupauski  (Prince),  father  of  prin- 
cess Lodois'ka  (4  syl.). — J.  P.  Kemble, 
Lodoiska  (a  melodrame). 

Lu'pill  (Mrs.),  hostess  of  the  Blue 
Dragon.  A  buxom,  kind-hearted  woman, 
ever  ready  10  help  any  one  over  a  diffi- 
culty.— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit 
(1844). 

Lu'ria,  a  noble  Moor,  single-minded, 
warm-hearted,  faithful,  and  most  gene- 
rous ;  employed  by  the  Florentines  to 
lead  their  army  against  the  l'isans 
(fifteenth  century).      Luria  was  entirely 


LUTHER. 

successful ;  but  the  Florentines,  tc  lessen 
their  obligation  to  the  conqueror,  hunted 
up  every  item  of  scandal  they  could  tind 
against  him  ;  and,  while  he  was  winning 
their  battles,  he  was  informed  that  he 
was  to  be  brought  to  trial  to  answer  these 
filiating  censures.  Luria  was  so  disgusted 
at  this,  that  he  took  poison,  to  relieve  the 
state  by  his  death  of  a  debt  of  gratitude 
which  the  republic  felt  too  heavy  to  be 
borne. — Robert  Browning,  Luria. 

Lu'siad,  the  adventures  of  the  Lu- 
sians  (Portwjucse),  under  Vasquez  da 
Gama,  in  their  discovery  of  India. 
Bacchus  was  the  guardian  power  of  the 
Mohammedans,  and  Venus  or  Divine 
Love  of  the  Lusians.  The  fleet  first  sailed 
to  Mozambique,  then  to  Quil'oa,  then  to 
Melinda  (in  Africa),  where  the  adven- 
turers were  hospitably  received  and 
provided  with  a  pilot  to  conduct  them  to 
India.  In  the  Indian  Ocean,  Bacchus 
tried  to  destroy  the  fleet ;  but  the  "  silver 
star  of  Divine  Love"  calmed  the  sea,  and 
Gama  arrived  at  India  in  safety.  Having 
accomplished  his  object,  he  returned  to 
Lisbon. — Camoens,  The  Lusiad,  in  ten 
books  (1572). 

***  Vasquez  da  Gama  sailed  thrice  to 
India  :  (1)  In  1497,  with  four  vessels. 
This  expedition  lasted  two  years  and  two 
months.  (2)  In  1502,  with  twenty  ships. 
In  this  expedition  he  was  attacked  by 
Zamorin  king  of  Calicut,  whom  he  de- 
feated, and  returned  to  Lisbon  the  year 
following.  (3)  When  John  III.  appointed 
him  viceroy  of  India.  He  established 
his  government  at  Cochin,  where  he  died 
in  1525.  The  story  of  The  Lusiad  is  the 
first  of  these  expeditions. 

Lusignan  [d'Outremer],  king  of 
Jerusalem,  taken  captive  by  the  Saracens, 
and  confined  in  a  dungeon  for  twenty 
3'ears.  When  80  years  old,  he  was  set 
free  by  Osman  the  sultan  of  the  East, 
but  died  within  a  few  days. — A.  Hill, 
Zara  (adapted  from  Voltaire's  tragedy). 

Lusita'nia,  the  ancient  name  of 
Portugal ;  so  called  from  Lusus,  the 
companion  of  Bacchus  in  his  travels. 
This  Lusus  colonized  the  country,  and 
called  it  "  Lusitania,"  and  the  colonists 
"  Lusians." — Pliny,  Historia  Naturalis, 
iii.  1. 

Lute'tia  (4  syl.),  ancient  Latin  name 
of  Paris  (Lutetia  Parisiorum,  "  the  mud- 
town  of  the  Parisii"). 

Luther  (The  Danish),  Hans  Tausen. 
There  is  a  stone  in  Viborg  called  M  Tau« 


l.l    UN. 


I.V1-1A    LA 


with  this  inscription  i  "l'|">n 
me,  in    1628)    I  n   hrst 

ed  Lather's  doctrine  in  Vil 

Lutin,  i  I  lord   Dal- 

gamO,-    Bu  w  .  So  tt,  i    rfm*  I 

(time,  James  I.). 

Lux  Mundi,  Johann  Wend  ;  also 
ealli'.l    '  ntradictionum,  f.>r   bis 

oppoeition  t>>  the  Scholastic  philosophy. 
11.   was  the  I  of  Luilier  (1419- 

1489). 

LiUZ,  a  bone  which    the  Jews  affirm 

remains  nncorrnpted   till   the    lasl   day, 

when  it  will  form  the  nucleus  of  the  new 

body.     This  bone    Ifahomet  called  Ai 

the  rump-bone. 

Eben  Barn  and  sfanasaeh  ben  brail 
say  this  bone  is  in  the  ramp. 

Dm  baraad  rmbbtawaftk*J««« 

:h<7  call  lurl  (1  »jr(  ) 

i'  u..  romp 

a  BuUcr.  //uJii/r.u, 

Lyoous  r  -tr"))  one  "f  the 

nana  a  of  Bacchus. 

•'.<•  Rift* 
•  .*  ai..l  ii. •■  dread  nt      • 

w.»>  aaa 

Akeiuide.  //ymn  (<i  ('. 

Lyb'ius  (>'<>•),  a  very  young  knight, 
whi>  undertook  to  rescue  the  lady  "f 
Sinadone.  Alter  overcoming  sundry 
knights,  giants,  and  enchanters,  in-  en- 
tared  :  when  tin-  m  bole  edifice 
frll  to  pieces,  sad  a  hornole  - 
coiled  about  bis  neck  and  kissed  him. 
i  ell  bdng  broken,  the  serpen!  tuned 
Into  the  lady  "f  Sinadone,  who  became 
ur  Lybius's  bride. — Libtmx  (a  romance). 

Lyca'on,  ki"^'  of  Arcadia,  instituted 
human  tamorphosed 

.   all   his   SOI 

■  I   into    woh  es,   exoi  pt    one 
i  Nictimns.     <  >h  thai 

\y  Ui«  baara 


I 

Through 

..f   M  iri'i 
) 

.  .  rr  and   his 

a.  —  Mink.      «  >r. , 


I      ■  nlus,    the    name    < 
M 
i 
<  lanibri  Ltd  King  was  ilr 

■ 
' 

John  Km j,  secretary  for  Inland. 
I 
.  in. 

I       ome'des  (-1  .»■//.),  kir 
to  whose  court  Ad  n.   - 
j_r  1 1 1 « » -  •  1  . 

who  was  anxious  t<>  prevent  b  ■ 

the  Trojan  w.ir. 

Lycoro'a  (//'•  tat  t 

OUC   ..f    the   I  H  mount 

Parnai 
dther  tn> J.i r- 

Lydford   Liiv. 
draw,  then  hear  I  by    Lydford 

Law.      Lydford,  in  the  county  of  .         ■  . 

I  oft  l.»«c  l,rar.l  ,.(  I  ,  If  rd  l». 

AiuJ  -i  Ii.  . "   - 

MMA.L 

irgh  Just!  .    and 

Abingdon  1  i  i 
Lynch    La* 
("In!)  Law,  mean  sunim  i 

. 

Lydia.  daoghl   I  Lydia, 

light    in     n  i 

Thracian  knight.    His  suit  1- 

i-.-.l  t.i  the    kin; 
gave  hint   an   army,    with   which 
Lydia.      lie    ws 

•  I  the  Lmdi 
sincerity  of  bis  love  by 
all  of  which   hr  accompli*! 

•   him   to  i    '   ' 
ami,  being  ;  Al- 

.     .     .  .i    was 

d  I   to 

. 

uiah,  ni<  • 

■< 
.  .iiid  ffsptain    I 


LYDIAN  POET. 


582 


LYONORS. 


she  knew  only  as  ensign  Beverley.  H^r 
»unt  insisted  "that  she  should  throw  over 
the  ensign  and  marry  the  son  of  sir 
Anthonv  Absolute,  and  great  was  her  joy 
to  find  that  the  man  of  her  own  choice 
was  that  of  her  aunt's  nomine  mutato. 
Bob  Acres  resigned  all  claim  on  the  lady 
to  his  rival. — Sheridan,  The  Rivals  (177 '5). 

Lydian  Poet  (The),  Alcman  of 
Lydia  (fl.  B.C.  670). 

Lygo'nes,  father  of  Spaco'nia. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  King  or  No 
King  (1611). 

Lying  Traveller  (Ttie),  sir  John 
Mandeville  (1300-1372). 

Lying  Valet  (The),  Timothy  Sharp, 
the  lying  valet  of  Charles  Gayless.  He 
is  the  Mercury  between  his  master  and 
Melissa,  to  whom  Gayless  is  about  to  be 
married.  The  object  of  his  lying  is  to 
make  his  master,  who  has  not  a  sixpence 
in  the  world,  pass  for  a  man  of  fortune. 
— D.  Garrick,  The  Lying  Valet  (1741). 

Lyle  (Annot),  daughter  of  sir  Duncan 
Campbell  the  knight  of  Ardenvohr. 
She  was  brought  up  by  the  M'Aulays, 
and  was  beloved  by  Allan  M'Aulay  ;  but 
she  married  the  earl  of  Menteith. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time, 
Charles  I.). 

Lyn'ceus,  one  of  the  Argonauts  ;  so 
sharp-sighted  that  he  could  discern  ob- 
jects at  a  distance  of  130  miles.  Varro 
says  he  could  "  see  through  rocks  and 
trees ; "  and  Pliny,  that  he  could  see 
"  the  infernal  regions  through  the  earth." 

Strange  tale  to  tel :  all  officers  be  blynde, 
And  jet  their  one  eye.  sharpe  as  Lin'ceus  sight. 
fl.  Cascoigne,  The  Steele  Glut  (died  1577). 

Lynch  (Governor)  was  a  great  name 
in  Galway  (Ireland).  It  is  said  that  he 
hanged  his  only  son  out  of  the  window 
of  his  own  house  (1526).  The  very 
window  from  which  the  boy  was  hung  is 
carefully  preserved,  and  still  pointed  out 
to  travellers. — Annals  of  Galway. 

Lynch  Law,  law  administered  by 
a  self-constituted  judge.  Webster  says 
James  Lynch,  a  farmer  of  Piedmont,  in 
Virginia,  was  selected  by  his  neighbours 
(in  1688)  to  try  offences  on  the  frontier 
summarily,  because  there  were  no  law 
courts  within  seven  miles  of  them. 

Lynchno'bians, lantern-sellers,  that 
is,  booksellers  and  publishers.  Rabelais 
savs  they  inhabit   a   little  hamlet  near 


Lantern-land. — Rabelais,  Pantag'ruel,  v. 
33  (1545). 

Lyndon  (Barry),  an  Irish  sharper, 
whose  adventures  are  told  by  Thackeray. 
The  story  is  full  of  spirit,  variety,  and 
humour,  reminding  one  of  Gil  Bias.  It 
first  came  out  in  Fraser's  Magazine. 

Lynette,  sister  of  lady  Lyonors  of 
Castle  Perilous.  She  goes  to  king  Arthur, 
and  prays  him  to  send  sir  Lancelot  to 
deliver  her  sister  from  certain  knights. 
The  king  assigns  the  quest  to  Beaumains 
(the  nickname  given  by  sir  Kay  to 
Gareth),  who  had  served  for  twelve 
months  in  Arthur's  kitchen.  Lynette  is 
exceedingly  indignant,  and  treats  her 
champion  with  the  utmost  contumely  ; 
but,  after  each  victory,  softens  towards 
him,  and  at  length  marries  him. — Tenny- 
son, Idylls  of  the  King  ("Gareth  and 
Lyiictte  "). 

%*  This  version  of  the  tale  differs 
from  that  of  the  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
(sir  T.  Malory,  1470)  in  many  respects. 
(See  Linet,  p.  556.) 

Lyonnesse  (3  syl.),  west  of  Camelot. 
The  battle  of  Lyonnesse  was  the  "  last 
great  battle  of  the  West,"  and  the  scene 
of  the  final  conflict  between  Arthur  and 
sir  Modred.  The  land  of  Lyonnesse  is 
where  Arthur  came  from,  and  it  is  now 
submerged  full  "forty  fathoms  under 
water." 

Until  king  Arthur's  table  [kniyhti],  man  by  man. 
Had  fallen  in  Lyonnesse  about  their  lord. 

Tennyson,  Morte  d'Arthut. 

Lyonors,  daughter  of  earl  Sanam. 
She  came  to  pay  homage  to  king  Arthur, 
and  by  him  became  the  mother  of  sir 
Borre  (1  si/l.),  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table— Sir  T.  Malory,  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  15  (1470). 

***  Liones,  daughter  of  sir  Persaunt, 
and  sister  of  Linet  of  Castle  rerilouSj 
married  sir  Gareth.  Tennyson  calls  this 
lady  "  Lyonors,"  and  makes  Gareth  marry 
her  sister,  who,  we  are  told  in  the  History, 
was  married  to  sir  Gaheris  (Gareth's 
brother). 

Lyonors,  the  lady  of  Castle  Perilous, 
where  she  was  held  captive  by  several 
knights  called  Morning  Star  or  Phos- 
phorus, Noonday  Sun  or  Merid'ies,  E\  en- 
ing  Star  or  Hesperus,  and  Night  or  Nox. 
Her  sister  Lynette  went  to  king  Arthur, 
to  crave  that  sir  Lancelot  might  be  sent 
to  deliver  Lyonorsfrom  her  oppressor.  The 
king  gave  the  quest  to  Gareth,  who  was 
knighted,  and  accompanied  Lynette,  who 


LYRISTS. 

usnl  him  very  KOmfltllj  at  first  ;  but  at 
every  victory  which  be  gained  the  abafc  '1 
somewhat  <>f  her  contempt ;  and  married 
J  i  i  iii  after  he  had  ancceeded  in  delivering 
Lyonora.  The  lot  of  Lyonora  ii  not  t < ■  1  •  i . 
fSei  Liomta.V— Tennyson,  fdylit  of  tUe 
am  i  i "i  lareu  and  Lj  nette  "). 

**,*  According  t«>  the  collection  of 
tales  edited  by  «ir  T.  Malory,  the  lady 
Lyonora  was  quite  another  person.  She 
waa  daughter  of  earl  Sanam,  and  mother 
of  sir  Borre  by  king  Arthur  (|>t.  i.  16). 
It  was  Lioneawho  was  the  sister  of  Linet, 
anilwho.se  father  was  sir  l'rrsaunt  of  <  a>t  le 
Perilous  (|>t.  i.  168).  The  L 
thai  Lionea  married  Gareth,  and  Linet 
■tarried  his  brotheri  sir  Gaheris.  (Sue 
Uajuci  m,  p.  B64.) 

Lvrist8   (1'rinct  of),  Franz  Bchubezt 

Lysandcr,  a  yonng  Athenian,  in  love 
\\ ith  Hermia  daughter,  of  I ■'.-.. 

I  had  promised  hei  in  man 
Demetrius,  and  insisted  that  she  should 
either  marry  him  <>r  Buffer  death  "ac- 
cording to  the  Athenian  law."  hi  this 
dilemma,  Hermia  fled  from  Atheo 
Lyaander.  Demetrius  went  in  pursuit, 
and  waa  followed  by  Helena,  who  »l«-t <-<i 

mi  him.  All  four  fill  asleep,  ami 
■  dream "  about  the  fairies. 
When  Demetrius  awoke,  he  became  more 
•  in;;  that  Hermia  die- 
liked  him  ami  Helena  loved  him  dn- 
eerely,  he  conaented  to  forego  the  former 
ami    wed   the   latter.     I  ng   in- 

formed  thereof,  now  readily  agreed  to 
give  his  daughter  to  Lyaander,  and  !l'l 
went  merry  ai  a  marriage  belL — Shake- 
i  Midsummer  Night' i  Dream 

Liyaim'aohufl.governor  of  Ifetali'nA 
who  marries  Ifarrna  the  daughter  of 
i  i   prince   of   Tj  re   and    b 

Thale'a.    shakes] 

.  the  artist,  a  citizen.     Sir 
.  .  (time, 

B 

Ji.vttolton,  addressed  by  Thomson  in 
I  ,\  ttelton  of 
I 

cim.'t  for  the  poel  a  ;  • 
>  He  waa  a   poet   ami   hi 

I I 

•Ion   .   .   .   frv.  ri 

^  ... 

'  •• 

Tt-  VI  . 

I 


M. 


M,  xai-1    I  '    th<>  human   fare 

without  the  two  •  these, 

we  get  O  in  O,  th< 

mt  with  stai- 

vution, 

■   -vdi  the  nam* 
Por  man  ii |  the  M 

Ma.lUa.iU  i. 

IXuitf.  /■ur/.llvr,.  Hill.  I1>WI 

*#*  The    t .'  -    itnml     for 

the  contour,  ami  the  V  of  Lht  )« . 
the  noM     Thus :  i°v°| 

.1/.     'ITi  i  -  -     very     cur 

coupled  with  Napoleon  I.  ami  111. 

1.    N  vim. i. "\    1.  : 

(li)    M  V  I    (0MMN*]    ca|ltulat«l    it    I. 

Maui  .    ».        • 

W, i  i  i.i    »  .  »uh  Marrt  ami 

the  flnt  to  fteocnUat  til*  fmlu*  at  tint 


Ii. 


i 


■    .ral  U.e 
U*-of-diTt*k<a  had  M  I 

. 

Mini 

MoXTAUTCT  iu  OM  faf  hit  mime         • 

an. I    V  . 

•   lh»    III*  of  hi*  ana,    •  Or    . 

• 

M<l  •  lukahrdlD   II. 

balO* 

Kuit   im 


M  . 


>M  aa*  ui.r  ot  ha  iMtuom  Tkta 
Maui 

owl  aflat  hat    . 

at>         .-I  il*    ■<  W< 

> 


M. 


584 


MACABER. 


Hxry  was  a  battle  gained  by  him   (February  22, 

1814). 
Milan  was  the   first   enemy's   capital    (1802),   and 

Moscow  the  last,  into  which  he  walked  victorious 

(181-2). 
It  was  at  Milan  he  was  crowned  "king  of  Italy 

(May  26,  1805). 
MlLLESIMO,  a  hattle  won  by  him  (April  14,  17.46). 
Monimivi.  a  hattle  won  by  him  (April  32,  1796). 
MONTKNOTTK  was  his  first  battle  (171*6).  and  Mont  St. 

Jean  his  hist  (1815). 
MnNTKREAU,  a  hattle  won  by  him  (February  18, 1814). 
MoNTMARTBB  was  stormed  by  him  (March  29,  1814). 
MoNTJIIRAIL,  a  battle  won  by  him  (Fehruary  11, 1814). 
Most  St.  Jkan  (Waterloo),  his  last  battle  (June  18, 

H15). 
Mont  Thabor   was    where    he   vanquished   20,000 

Turks  with  an  army  not  exceeding  2000  men  (July 

25,  1799). 
Moravia  was  the  site  of  a  victory  (July  11,  1809). 
Moscow  was  his  pitfall.     (See  "  Milan.") 
May/.     In  this  month  he  quitted  Corsica,  married 

Josephine,    took    command  of  the  army  of  Italy, 

crossed  the  Alps,  assumed  the  title  of  emperor,  and 

was  crowned  at  Milan.     In  the  same  month  he  was 

defeated  at  Aspern,  he  arrived  at  Elba,  and  died  at 

St.  Helena. 
March.     In  this  month  he  was  proclaimed  king  of 

Italy,  made  his  brother  Joseph  king  of  the  Two 

Sicilies,  married  Marie  Louise  by  proxy,  his  son 

was  born,  and  he  arrived  at  Paris  after  quitting 

Elba. 
May  2,  1813,  battle  of  LUtzen. 

3,  179:1,  he  quits  Corsica. 

4,  1814,  he  arrives  at  Elba. 

5,  1821,  he  dies  at  St.  Helena. 

6,  18(10,  he  takes  command  of  the  army  of  Italy. 
9,  1796,  he  marries  .1  osepbine. 

10,  1796.  battle  of  Lodi. 
13, 1809,  he  enters  Vienna. 

15,  1796.  he  enters  Milan. 

16,  1797,  he  defeats  the  arch-duke  Charles. 

17,  1800,  he  begins  his  passage  across  the  Alps. 

17,  1809,  he  annexes  the  States  of  the  Church. 

18,  1804.  he  assumes  the  title  of  emperor. 

19,  1798,  he  starts  for  Egypt 
19,  1809.  lie  crosses  the  Danube. 

50,  18»u,  lie  finishes  his  passage  across  the  Alps. 

51,  1813,  batt'e  of  llautzen. 

22,  1803,  he  declares  war  against  England. 
92,  1809,  he  was  defeated  at  Aspern. 
26,  1S»5,  he  was  crowned  at  Milan. 
80,  18»5.  he  annexes  Lisbon. 
31,  1803.  he  seizes  Hanover. 
MARCH  1,  1S15,  belauds  on  French  soil  after  quitting 
Elba. 

3,  181)6.  he  makes  his  brother  Joseph  king  of 
the  Two  Sicilies. 

4,  1799,  he  invests  Jaffa. 
6,  1799.  he  takes  Jaffa. 

11,  1810,  he  marries  hy  proxy  Marie  Louise. 
13,  1805,  he  Is  proclaimed  king  of  Italy. 
16,  1799,  he  invests  Acre. 
20.  1812.  birth  of  his  son. 

20,  1815,  lie  reaches  Paris  after  quitting  Elba. 

21,  1804,  he  shoots  the  due  d  Enghien. 
25,  1802,  peace  of  Amiens. 

31,  1814,  Paris  entered  by  the  allies. 

Napoleon  III. : 

MacMahon  duke  of  Magenta,  his  most  distinguished 
marshal,  and,  after  a  few  months,  succeeded  him  as 
ruler  of  France  (1873-1879). 

Malakofp  {nuke  of),  next  to  MacMahon  bis  most 
distinguished  marshal. 

Maria  of  Portugal  was  the  lady  his  friends  wanted 
him  to  marry,  but  he  refused  to  do  so. 

Maximilian  and  Mexico,  his  evil  stars  (1864  1867). 

Mknschikciff  was  the  Russian  general  defeated  at 
the  battle  of  the  Alma  (.September  20.  1854). 

Michaud,  Mig.net,  Miohelbt,  and  Merimee 
were  distinguished  historians  in  the  reign  of  Napo- 
leon III. 

Moi.ki  was  his  destiny. 

Montholon  was  one  of  his  companions  in  the  esca- 
pade at  Boulogne,  and  was  condemned  to  im- 
prisonment for  twenty  years. 

MoNTUO  (Countess  of),  his  wife.     Her  name  is  Marie 


Eugenie,  and  his  son  was  born  In  March ;  so  was 

the  son  of  Napoleon  1. 
Mornv.  his  greatest  friend. 
(6)   Magenta,  a  victory  won  by  him  (June  4,  1859). 

Malakofp.     Taking  the    Malakoff   tower  and  the 

Mamelon-vert    were    the    great   exploits    of    the 

Crimean  war  (September  8,  1855). 
M  a  M  elon-v  ert.    (See  above. ) 
Mantua.      He    turned    back    before   the   walls   of 

Mantua  after  the  battle  of  the  Mincio. 
Marengo.    Here  he  planned  his  first  battle  of  the 

Italian  campaign,  hut  it  was  not  fought  till  after 

those  of  Montebello  and  Magenta. 
Mauigna.no.     He  drove  the  Austrian!  out  of  this 

place. 
Metz,  the  "maiden  fortress,"  was  one  of  the  most 

important  sieges  and  losses  to  him  in  the  Franco- 
Prussian  war. 
Mexico  and  Maximilian,  his  evil  stars. 
Milan.    He  made  his  entrance  into  Milan,  and  drora 

the  Austrians  out  of  Mariguano. 
Mincio  {The  buttle  of  the),  called  also  Solferino,  a 

great  victory.     Having  won  this,  he  turned  back  at 

the  walls  of  Mantua  (June  24,  1859). 
Montebello.  a  victory  won  hy  him  (June,  1859). 
°o0  The  mitrailleuse  was  to  wiu  him  Prussia,  but 

it  lost  him  France, 
(c)  March.     In  this  month  his  son  was  born,  he  was 

deposed  by  the  National  Assembly,  and  was  set  at 

liberty  by  the  Prussians.    The  treaty  of  Paris  was 

March  30,  1856.     Savoy  and  Nice  were  annexed  in 

March,  1860. 
Mav.     In  this  month  he  made  his  escape  from  Ham, 

The  great  French  Exhibition  was  opened  in  May, 

1855. 
By  far  his  best  publication  is  his  Manual  of  Artillery. 

Mab,  queen  of  the  fairies,  according 
to  the  mythology  of  the  English  poets  of 
the  fifteenth  century.  Shakespeare's 
description  is  in  lionieo  and  Juliet,  act  i. 
6C  4  (1598). 

Queen  Mab's  Maids  of  Honour.  They 
were  Hop  and  Mop,  Drap,  Tip,  Trip,  and 
Skip.  Her  train  of  waiting-maids  were 
Fib  and  Tib,  Pinck  and  Pin,  Tick  and 
Quick,  Jill  and  Jin,  Tit  and  Nit,  Wap 
and  Win.  —  M.  Drayton,  Nymphidia 
(150.3-1631). 

Queen  Mab,  the  Fairies'  Midwife,  that  is, 
the  midwife  of  men's  dreams,  employed 
by  the  fairies.  Thus,  the  queen's  or 
king's  judges  do  not  judge  the  sovereign, 
but  are  employed  by  the  sovereign  to 
judge  others. 

Mabinogion.  A  series  of  Welsh 
tales,  chiefly  relating  to  Arthur  and  the 
Round  Table.  A  MS.  volume  of  some 
700  pages  is  preserved  in  the  library  of 
Jesus  College,  Oxford,  and  is  known 
as  the  Red  Book  of  Hergest,  from  the 
place  where  it  was  discovered.  Lady 
Charlotte  Guest  published  an  edition  in 
Welsh  and  English,  with  notes,  three 
vols.  (1838-49).  The  word  is  the  Welsh 
mabi  nogi,  <;  juvenile  instruction"  (mabin, 
"juvenile;"  mab,  "a  boy;"  and  ogi, 
"  to  use  the  harrow  "). 

Does  he  {Tennyson]  make  no  use  of  the  Mabinogion  In 
his  Arthurian  series  1 — Aotes  and  Queries,  November  23, 

1878. 

Maca'ber  (The  Dance)  or  the 
"  Dance  of  Death  "  (Arabic,  maltabir,  *'a 


MA<  AIRE. 


chur.-'iv.Lr.l").     'l!i.-  ■!  I 
I 

tor      null  -painlll. 

church) 

itt  ri'| ■!•  l  round 

consisting  "t  rich  end  | r. 

olil    and  young,   male  and   female.     A 

inally 
nan,  baa  been  translated  into  most 
European  languages,  and  the  painl 
i  Dominican  eou*» 

!  a    world-wide    reputation, 

are  at  Minden,  Lucerne,  Lubeck, 
I  a,  and  the  u-rt li  side  "f  old  St. 

Paul's. 

/  I  M  are  Ihne  (vilnlltifj  ■■«  the  wall.  II 

PriHM.  •■t.i-aliof  "    .   .    .    "II'*    ''•"'"■   " 

U»Ui  " 

U.i.|{ftUuw.  TKt  tivldtft  U-jrnd  llBil). 

Micniro   (/.<•   (Vn.'.r    . 
French  knight,  who.  aided  by  lieu 
Landry,  murdered  Aubry  '!<•  Montdidier 

liont- 

didier'i  dog,  nami 

ispicionwaa 

:.  and  the  man  and  d< 
:,•  combat.     1  be  t.  h 
man,   wh  >g   his 

guilt 

two   French    plays  on  the 

Buliji.  : 

and   the  other 
l  rmcr  >>f  th<  n  adapted  t<. 

I 

.    lie,  :iinl  was 

depicted    i  it    hall    ovei    the 

ahimi 

In  the  fcngliah  drama,  the  sash  "f  the 
murdered  n 
df  lie 

who  H..ik..i  the 

Aubri,  w 

.in.-.      Hi-  act  omplice,  lit 
Landry,  tr\  ing  to 

tin-  dog  I':.,   o,  an  I  klh. 

. 
man. 

I 

| 

i 

an. I   touch   »<  r>    fatal.     I 

/  ..   . 

I 
■ 

(In  i  I 


1.1.  ill. 

nation 

.n.l  ii  in  i 

it  the 
earl  reeoi  i  ra  and  marrii  • 
Sir  W.  8 
;.  . 
K&ebeth',  son  of  Sir* 
G  lam  is,  nn!  '"    "• 

by    In- 

daugbb  ■  Dun- 

can w 

the  throne.      Hence   k 
• 

Inrerni 

host,  e bo  i'  ■ 

I 
■ 

a  itli  an  army  in  1 
invading  Scotland 

n  nil  in 

'i    »m 

promiw 

woman  ■  1>1   kill  nim,  a 

should  not  die  nil  Bu 

..un  in 
in  his 

Hill  HM 
I 

Macduff,  in  tli>  ii 
mmanded 

ra    (hem,    I 

iiiniii  > 

> 

will.     '• 
the  w  il 

i 

■ 

i 

i 


■ 


MACBRIAR. 


586 


MACFIN. 


ju  to  be  cast  beyond  the  pale  of  our  sympathy ;  for  she 
remains  a  woman  to  the  last,  and  is  always  linked  with 
her  sex  and  with  humanity. — Mrs.  Jameson. 

"  It  is  related  of  Mrs.  B-etterton,"  says 
C.  Dibdin,  "that  though  'lady  Macbeth' 
had  been  frequently  well  performed,  no 
actress,  not  even  Mrs.  Barry,  could  in 
the  smallest  degree  be  compared  to  her." 
Mrs.  Siddons  calls  Mrs.  Pritchard  "the 
greatest  of  all  the  '  lady  Macbeth  s  ; '  " 
bu1..  Mrs.  Siddons  herself  was  so  great  in 
this  character,  that  in  the  sleep-walking 
scene,  in  her  farewell  performance,  the 
whole  audience  stood  on  the  benches,  and 
demanded  that  the  performance  should 
end  with  that  scene.  Since  then,  Helen 
Faucit  has  been  the  best  "  lady  Mac- 
beth." Mrs.  Betterton  (died  1712)  ;  Mrs. 
Barry  (1682-1733) ;  Mrs.  Pritchard  (1711- 
1768) ;  Mrs.  Siddons  (1755- 1831) ;  Helen 
Faucit  (born  1820). 

***  Dr.  Lardner  says  that  the  name  of 
lady  Macbetli  was  Graoch,  and  that  she 
was  the  daughter  of  Kenneth  IV. 

MaeBriar  (Ephraim),  an  enthusiast 
and  a  preacher. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mor- 
tality (time,  Charles  II.). 

Mac'cabee  (Father),  the  name  as- 
sumed by  king  Roderick  after  his  de- 
thronement.— Southey,  Roderick,  the  Last 
of  the  Goths  (1814). 

MacCallum  (Dougal),  the  auld  butler 
of  sir  Robert  Rcdgauntlet,  introduced  in 
Wandering  Willie's  story. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redgaunllet  (time,  George  III.). 

MacCandlisb.  (Mrs.),  landlady  of 
the  Gordon  Arms  inn  at  Kippletringan. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

MacCasquil  (Mr.),  of  Drumquag,  a 
relation  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram. — Sir 
W.  Scott,   Guy  Mannering  (time,  George 

MacChoak'umehild,  schoolmaster 
at  Coketown.  A  man  crammed  with 
facts.  "  He  and  some  140  other  school- 
masters had  been  lately  turned  at  the 
same  time,  in  the  same  factory,  on  the 
same  principles,  like  so  many  pianoforte 
legs."— C.  Dickens,  Hard  Tunes  (1S54). 

MacCombich  (Evan  Dhu),  foster- 
brother  of  Fergus  M'lvor,  both  of  whom 
were  sentenced  to  death  at  Carlisle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George 
II.). 

MacCombich  (Robin  Oig)  or  M'Gregor, 
a  Highland  drover,  who  stabs  Harry 
Wakclield,  and  is   found  guilty  at  Car- 


lisle.—Sir  W.  Scott,   TJie  Two  Drover* 
(time,  George  III.). 

MacCrosskie  (Deacon),  of  Creoch- 
stone,  a  neighbour  of  the  laird  of  Ellan- 
gowan. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering 
(time,  George  II.). 

MacDonald's  Breed  (Lord),  ver- 
min or  human  parasites.  Lord  Mac- 
Donald,  son  of  the  "  Lord  of  the  Isles" 
once  made  a  raid  on  the  mainland.  He 
and  his  followers  dressed  themselves  in 
the  clothes  of  the  plundered  party,  but 
their  own  rags  were  so  full  of  vermin 
that  no  one  was  poor  enough  to  covet 
them. 

MacDougal  of  Lorn,  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 
I.). 

Macduff,  thane  of  Fife  in  the  time 
of  Edward  the  Con'fessor.  One  of  the 
witches  told  Macbeth  to  "  beware  of  the 
thane  of  Fife,"  but  another  added  that 
"  none  of  woman  born  should  have  power 
to  harm  him."  Macduff  was  at  this 
moment  in  England,  raising  an  army  to 
dethrone  Macbeth,  and  place  Malcolm  (son 
of  Duncan)  on  the  throne.  Macbeth  did 
not  know  of  his  absence,  but  with  a  view 
of  cutting  him  off,  attacked  his  castle, 
and  slew  lady  Macduff  with  all  her 
children.  Having  raised  an  army,  Mac- 
duff led  it  to  Dunsinane,  where  a  furious 
battle  ensued.  Macduff  encountered 
Macbeth,  and  being  told  by  the  king 
that  "none  of  woman  born  could  prevail 
against  him,"  replied  that  he  (Macduff) 
was  not  born  of  a  woman,  but  was  taken 
from  his  niother's  womb  by  the  Cassarian 
operation.  Whereupon  they  fought,  and 
Macbeth  fell. — Shakespeare,  Macbeth 
(1606). 

MacEagh  (Ranald),  one  of  the 
"  Children  of  the  Mist,"  and  an  outlaw. 
Ranald  is  the  foe  of  Allan  Macaulay. 

Kenneth  MlEagh,  grandson  of  Ranald 
M'Eaj^h.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mont- 
rose (time,  Charles  I.). 

Maeedonicus,  iEmilius  Paulus, 
conqueror  of  Perseus  (B.C.  230-160). 

Macfie,  the  laird  of  Gudgeonford,  a 
neighbour  of  the  laird  of  Ellangowan. —  ^ 
Sir   W.    Scott,    Guy    Mannering    (time, 
George  II.). 

Macfin  (Miles),  the  cadie  in  the 
Canongate,  Edinlmrgh. — Sir  W.  Scott. 
Gay  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 


II    1<H     II. 


M.M  il.l'l  Y. 


Miu-Fit: 

at    Middl 

. 

MacFlrrk'noo,  in  I»r\  .!• 

i  -    uiwell, 

I    |    (     ..•        .     '-I      •     f      I    '. 

is  to  RpraMnt  tin-  inauguration  ot  out 
dullard  h  -  in   the 

monarchy  of  nonaenaa.     R.  Fleeknoe  wai 
ut\  [riab  priaat  and  backnt  v  poet  of  no 
reputation,  ami  Mao  in  <  iell  i 
■■  Mac  I  ii .  knot  "  mi  an  it  of  the 

named.     I  -■  eking 

■  r  to  In*  ii«  n  d 

Bhadwell  to  bi  .-ir  hit  mantla. 

ivrfcct  Iniafiv  N-\r», 

!  • 

Butbtiad* 

I   ..-i...<  |a  atUra.  16831. 
»f7  rwicirr  »<«jU1  rvirr   iti^  [->w    |] 


■Qrniner 
minister  at  Kippl< 

II.). 

MacOregor  01  Robi  i.r 

(2am  n  i  i  i .    i'ii-    outlaw.      Hi-   i 
ll  tcr. 

\»  i  f.-. 

Hami$k  and    B 
Rob  Roy.    Sii  \\ .  (time, 

■ 

.  or  Kobii  nbich, 

'.  iml  ilr..\  Harry 

l'l   at  mi    . 

f.llllllt 
nilty  and  i 

. .  I    . 

Ma.  i 

Imprisoned    b)     Mr.    1 1 
Inir.l  of  I  II  i 

II.). 

MiictJut! 

■ 

I. -I'M 

M 

■ 
■tarinei 

ham,  aft.  r   1 

«  .  and,  w  il)i  •  l 


W.   I_ 

• 
i 

xix.,  I. 
aaiiic  bi. 

Mni 

ru/han, 

■ 
Polly  In-  w 

ci^'lit    women    at    a   i!r  .t,    the 

captain  ia  lodged  in  Nt 

■ 

I 

wife,    nti<l    |  r 


T.    Wall 

heath,"    hut 

■ 

I 

: 

Maclr.iivi'lli 

•uthor    '-f    a    I 
i 

ia  fair  in  .i  as  in 

"lore  and  >»ar 

I 

! 

< 


MACINTYRE. 


588 


MACK0B1I. 


Maelntyre  (Maria),  niece  of  Mr. 
Jonathan  Oldbuck  "the  antiquary." 

Captain  Hector  MlIntyre,  nephew  of 
Mr.  Jonathan  Oldbuck,  and  brother  of 
Maria  M'Intyre.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Maclvor  (Fergus),  or  "  Vich  Ian 
Vohr,"  chief  of  Glennaquoich.  He  is 
executed. 

Flora  M'lvor,  sister  of  Fergus,  and  the 
heroine  of  Waverley. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Mackitehinson,  landlord  at  the 
Queen's  Ferry  inn. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Macklin.  The  real  name  of  this  great 
actor  was  Charles  MacLaughlin  ;  but  he 
dropped  the  middle  syllable  when  he 
came  to  England  (1G90-1797). 

Macklin  (Sir),  a  priest  who  preached 
to  Tom  and  Bob  and  Billy,  on  the 
sinfulness  of  walking  on  Sundays.  At 
his  "sixthly"  he  said,  "Ha,  ha,  I  see 
you  raise  your  hands  in  agony  !  "  They 
certainly  had  raised  their  hands,  for  they 
were  yawning.  At  his  "  twenty-rirstly  " 
he  cried,  "  Ho,  ho,  I  see  you  bow  your 
heads  in  heartfelt  sorrow  ! "  Truly  they 
bowed  their  heads,  for  they  were  sleeping. 
Still  on  he  preached  and  thumped  his  hat, 
when  the  bishop  passingby,  cried,  "Bosh!" 
and  walked  him  off.— W.  S.  Gilbert,  The 
Bab  Ballads  ("  Sir  Macklin"). 

Maclean  (Sir  Hector),  a  Highland 
chief  in  the  army  of  Montrose. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 
1.). 

Macleary  (Widow),  landlady  of  the 
Tully  Veolan  village  ale-house. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

MacLeish  (Donald),  postilion  to  Mrs. 
Bethune  Baliol. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Highland 
Widow  (time,  George  II.). 

Maeleod  (Colin  or  Caicdie),  a  Scotch- 
man, one  of  the  house-servants  of  lord 
Abberville,  entrusted  with  the  financial 
department  of  his  lordship's  household. 
Most  strictly  honest  and  economical, 
Colin  Maeleod  is  hated  by  his  fellow- 
'  servants,  and,  having  been  in  the  service 
of  the  family  for  many  years,  tries  to 
check  his  young  master  in  his  road  to 
ruin. 

***  The  object  of  the  author  in  this 
character  is  "  to  weed  out  the  unmanly 
prejudice  of  Englishmen  against  the 
Scotch,"    as    the    object    of    The    Jew 


(another  drama)  was  to  weed  out  th« 
prejudice  of  Christians  against  that  much- 
maligned  people.  —  Cumberland,  The 
Fashionable  Lover  (1780). 

Macleuchar  (Mrs.),  book-keeper  at 
the  coach-office  in  Edinburgh. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

MacLouis,  captain  of  the  king's 
guard. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Berth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Maclure  (Elizabeth),  an  old  widow 
and  a  covenanter. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

MacMorlan  (Mr.),  deputy-sheriff, 
and  guardian  to  Lucy  Bertram. 

Mrs.  M'Morlan,  his  wife.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

MacMurrough,  "  Nan  Fonn,"  the 
family  bard  at  Glennaquoich  to  Fergus 
M'lvor. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Ma'coma',  a  good  and  wise  genius, 
who  protects  the  prudent  and  pious 
against  the  wiles  of  all  evil  genii. — Sir 
C.  Morell  [J.  Ridley],  Tales  of  the  Genii 
("The  Enchanter's  Tale,"  vi.,  1751). 

Macon,  same  as  Mahoun,  that  is, 
Mahomet.  Mecca,  the  birthplace  of  Ma- 
homet, is  sometimes  called  Macon  in 
poetry. 

"  Praisfid,"  quoth  he,  "  be  Macon,  whom  we  serve." 
Fairfax. 

MacPhadraick  (Miles),  a  Highland 
officer  under  Barcaldine  or  captain  Camp- 
bell.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Highland  Widow 
(time,  George  II.). 

Macraw  (Francie),  an  old  domestic 
at  the  earl  of  Glenallan's. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Macready  (Bate),  a  pedlar,  the  friend 
of  Andrew  Fairservice  gardener  at  Osbal- 
distone  Hall. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Mae'reons,  the  British.  Great 
Britain  is  the  "Island  of  the  Macreons." 
The  word  is  a  Greek  compound,  meaning 
"  long-lived,"  "  because  no  one  is  put  to 
death  there  for  his  religious  opinions." 
Rabelais  says  the  island  "is  full  of 
antique  ruins  and  relics  of  popery  and 
ancient  superstitions."—  Rabelais,  Ban- 
tag' ruel  H545). 

%*  Rabelais  describes  the  persecutions 
which  the  Reformers  met  with  as  a  storm 
at  sea,  in  which  l'antagrucl  and  his  tleet 
were  tempest-tossed. 

Macro 'bii    ("  the    lona-lived"),    an 


• 


MAD. 


Ethiopian  nee,  nid  t"  1 1  % «-  I 

*  They  nr  • 

ami   tallest  i.f  ;i.l   u. >u,   *.i  well  iut  Uic 

Macroth'iuni;  1,1 
—  Phineaa    Fletchi 

Sarcasm  (*■  Arch    ,'tnl 

.  .    .      .  i.\  i  .   M  i  I    n  i 

(.  n  ■.  :    "  I      I  ai  iarden,  <  •.   K.  <  '.-..ke 

[  17  16-1811 1  •  m  he 

•  ■.-k.,'  mi   '  I:i„-",'  a  '  (vilely,1 

\  r.-h\  ,'  tod    i 

c....k«-  wai  a  new  kind  of  Ifacklin,  nod. 
hk«-  him,   excelled   in  "  and 

:i." 

ck  "    in 

I  -  Kitrly  "  hi  !  ■   '■/   Man 

\r.liv  " 
■ 

|.lni!it "  iu 

in). 

MaoE  p,    »     "     Ick     pawn- 

broker, 

r  rhotn    be   , 

ills  «  ill)  bl 

Mrs. 

■rife,  alwayi  in  I 
■howld  pay  her  i 

I 

11m  ■kit!  »HS  »t...li   M  i  • 

i.  4maat   • 

M  *   who 

tin-  bri 

■ 

afnu.l 

wm  bei  il»> ' 

■II    ..II    a   • 

husband. 

an. I  .      . 


I.    -    .    4     : 


*ir    I".  - 

■ 

- 

hIic  all 
Tut  when  I 

BOW,    u 

■ 
,sh     Mhor     oc    i: 

IW. 

■ 
■ 

j 

t   aj   a 

1 
■ 

pi  v  »••  I 

'■ 
time,  I 

-  r    W. 

- 
II.   . 

M  icT  irk 

•■ 
eommil 

■ 

■ 
I 

■ 

■ 

:  . 

< 
i 


MAD  CAVALIER. 


590 


MADOC. 


the  relief  of  mental  diseases.     This  was 
the  origin  of  the  insane  colonj'  of  Gheel. 

Mad  Cavalier  {The),  prince  Rupert 
of  Bavaria,  nephew  of  Charles  I.  He 
was  noted  for  his  rash  courage  and  im- 
petuosity (1G19-1682). 

Mad  Lover  (The),  a  drama  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (before  1018). 
The  name  of  the  "mad  lover"  is  Mem- 
ncn,  who  is  general  of  Astorax  king  of 
Paphos. 

Mad  Poet  (The),  Nathaniel  Lee 
(1657-1090). 

Madasi'ma  (Queen),  an  important 
character  in  the  old  romance  called  Am'- 
adis  de  Gaul ;  her  constant  attendant  was 
Klis'abat,  a  famous  surgeon,  with  whom 
she  roamed  in  solitary  retreats. 

Mad'elon,  cousin  of  Cathos,  and 
daughter  of  Gor'gibus  a  plain  citizen  of 
the  middle  rank  of  life.  These  two  silly 
girls  have  had  their  heads  turned  by 
novels,  and,  thinking  their  names  com- 
monplace, Madelon  calls  herself  Po- 
lixena,  and  Cathos  calls  herself  Aminta. 
Two  gentlemen  wish  to  marry  them,  but 
the  girls  fancy  their  manners  are  too 
easy  to  be  "stylish  ;"  so  the  gentlemen 
Hend  their  valets  to  them,  as  the  "  marquis 
of  Mascarille"  and  the  "viscount  of 
Jodelet."  The  girls  are  delighted  with 
these  "real  gentlemen;"  but  when  the 
farce  has  been  carried  far  enough,  the 
masters  enter  and  unmask  the  trick. 
The  girls  are  thus  taught  a  useful  lesson, 
but  are  not  subjected  to  any  serious  ill 
consequences. — Moliere,  Les  Fre'cieuses 
Ridicules  (1G59). 

Mademoiselle.  What  is  understood 
by  this  word  when  it  stands  alone  is 
Mdlle.  de  Montpensier,  daughter  of  Gas- 
ton due  d'Orle'ans,  and  cousin  of  Louis 
XIV. 

Anne  Marie  Louise  d'Orleans,  duchesse  de  Montpensier, 
connue  sous  le  nom  de  Mudemois<,llc,  nee  a  Paris,  lt>-27  ; 
m.  1693;  ctait  fille  de  Gaston  d'Orleans  frere  de  Louis 
Xlll.— Bouillet 

Mademoiselle,  the  French  lady's-maid 
waiting  on  lady  Fanciful ;  full  of  the 
grossest  flattery,  and  advising  her  lady- 
ship to  the  most  unwarrantable  intrigues. 
Lady  Fanciful  says,  "The  French  are 
certainly  the  prettiest  and  most  obliging 
people.  They  say  the  most  acceptable, 
well-mannered  things,  and  never  flatter." 
When  induced  to  do  what  her  conscience 
and  education  revolted  at,  she  would 
playfully  rebuke  Mdlle.  with,  "Ah  !  la 
uieehante   Francoise  ! "    to  which   Mdlle. 


would  respond,  "Ah!  la  belle  Anglaise!" 
— Vanbrugh,  The  Provoked  Wife  (1697). 

Madge  Wildfire,  the  insane  daugh- 
ter of  old  Meg  Murdochson  the  gipsy 
thief.  Madge  was  a  beautiful  but  giddy 
girl,  whose  brain  was  crazed  by  seduction 
and  the  murder  of  her  infant. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George 
II.). 

Madman  (Macedonia's),  Alexander 
the  Great  (b.c.  350,  330-323). 

Heroes  are  much  the  same,  the  point's  agreed, 
From  Macedonia's  Madman  to  the  Swede  [Charlet  XII  > 
Pope.  Eaay  on  Man,  iv.  'Jiy  (1733). 
How  vain,  how  worse  than  vain,  at  length  appear 
Tlie  madman's  wisti,  tlie  Macedonian  tear! 
He  wept  for  words  to  conquer  ;  half  the  earth 
Knows  not  his  name,  or  but  his  death  and  birth. 

Byron,  Age  of  lironze  \.\<i'i). 

Madman  (The  Brilliant),  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden  (1682,  1097-1718). 

Madman  of  the  North,  Charles 
XII.  of  Sweden  (1682,  1697-1718). 

Madmen  (Tlie  Worst  of). 

For  Virtue's  self  may  too  much  real  be  had ; 
The  worst  of  madmen  is  a  saint  run  mad. 

Pope,  Initiations  of  Uorace,  vi.  (173*). 

Ma'doc,  youngest  son  of  Owain 
Gwvnedd  king  of  North  Wales  (who 
died  1169).  He  is  called  "The  Perfect 
Prince,"  "The  Lord  of  Ocean," and  is  the 
very  beau-ideal  of  a  hero.  Invincible, 
courageous,  strong,  and  daring,  but 
amiable,  merciful,  and  tender-hearted ; 
most  pious,  but  without  bigotry  ;  most 
wise,  but  without  dogmatism  ;  most 
provident  and  far-seeing.  He  left  his 
native  country  in  1170,  and  ventured 
on  the  ocean  to  discover  a  new  world ; 
his  vessels  reached  America,  and  he 
founded  a  settlement  near  the  Missouri. 
Having  made  an  alliance  with  the 
Az'tecas,  he  returned  to  Wales  for  a  fresh 
supply  of  colonists,  and  conducted  six 
ships  in  safety  to  the  new  settlement, 
called  Cacr-Madoc.  War  soon  broke  out 
between  the  natives  and  the  strangers ; 
but  the  white  men  proving  the  con- 
querors, the  Az'tecas  migrated  to  Mexico. 
On  one  occasion,  being  set  upon  from 
ambush,  Madoc  was  chained  by  one  foot 
to  "  the  stone  of  sacrifice,"  and  consigned 
to  fight  with  six  volunteers.  His  first 
opponent  was  Ocell'opan,  whom  he  slew  : 
his  next  was  Tlalala  "the  tiger,"  but 
during  this  contest  Cadwallon  came  to 
the  rescue. — Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

.  .  .  Madoc 
Put  forth  bis  well-riag6d  fleet  to  seek  him  foreign  ground 
And  sailed  west  so  long  until  that  world  he  found  .  .  . 
Long  ere  Columbus  lived. 

Drayton,  Polyolbian.  U.  U612>. 


MADOK. 


M  \«.i<    GABTl  RS. 


Matlor  t,  who 

accused  gneenGuinever  of  having  \ 
bis  brother.    Sir  Launcelot  dn  Lac  chal- 
lenged liim  •  combat,  an  I 
threw  him;  tor  which  service  king 

gave  i  champion  La  Joyeuse 

urJe  iw  a  residence! 

Mneco'nas  (Cuius  Ciinhu),  a  wealthy 
Roman  nobleman,  a  friend  of  Augustus, 
ami  liberal  patron  of  Vir  il,  h 
Propertiue,  and  other  men  "f  renins. 
lht  name  baa  become  proverbial  f"r  ■ 
Mmaniflcent  friend  of  literature"  (died 

B.i  .  8). 

i  not  ca!!i-l  *  thmtrleal  quidnunc  »> 
N  to  Mcoiulluuiil  aulliuri  I— *Stu>rulaii,  /"«<•  Critic, 

L  1  0779), 

Moo' nod,  a  Bacchant,  pin.  Mrenads 
or  Moo'nades  (8  Jo  called  from 

the  Gn  run*  ("  to    l>o    furious  "), 

because  they  acted  like  mad  women  iu 
their  "religions"  festivals. 

SM«H  'I"  boaghl  did  iwrlllng  Bacchtu  rid*, 
I 

Hun    I  Wul.cr.  Tii,  /■»,,, U  Itlamt,  »U.  (1833). 

Mnoon'ides   (4   sy/.).     Homer  is  bo 

railed,  either    because    he  was   son    of 

Mason,  or  bees   -<•  he  was  a  native  of 

lie    is    als>    called 

MX,  ami   his  poems  J/aviiiti» 

/'I   I, 

'■•»t  IfoaaldM,  In  rnplil  mn«. 
I  ilonfc 

I 

and  -i .  ii- 

;  flTSt). 

Mneviad.  s  satire  by  Gilford,  on  the 
Delia   I  1 1    of    poetry    (pub- 

lished 1796).    The  word  i*  from  Virgil's 

lulum  nnn  (vllt.  »mrt  Inn  rurnilns.  V 
Aujuc  Ulcin  Jungal  *ul;>c.,  rt  n 

*>.  BL 

Who  h»l«  not  IIatIui,  or  on  M 

Should  plough  with  fuio*.  or  ttiuuM  milk  Uc  goata. 

Moovius,  auy  vile   poet.     (Sec  1U- 
I 

But  If  bod  R»«lui  >  m, 

■  ■  .  . 
U 

i      MM  Hatch*.  ;  .  .  I.  I.  (l(m». 

M 
the  king  of  Napli  i.    v 
•u  old  romance  of  chivalry,  originally 

Spanish  in  the  iift«  cnth  centun , 
rentes 

o  incident  ■ 
I 
which  came  into  l 
■ 


r  Sum  of  Vie  C 

of  Ma 

Mntce  Negri.  I 
1  nop,    and    ' 

thn  ••    Magi.    His 

Aj  the  M*ce  negro  kin:  to  Dirjt  ih.  hah*. 

Marmots  of  the    Brains. 
pn>  i  it  was  the  opinio;,  .  .n,,..., 

tli.it  the  brain  is  filled  with  littli 
'.   is   prudu 
tin  ir  biting  ■ 

Tu  Uikla  the  uut^ut  Mm  In  I 

'.  X 

Mnrrrry,     the     half-witted     grand- 
daughter of  Lrttli 

had   had  a  fever  at  th<  .  from 

ill-treatment,  and  her  mind  and  ii 

in  \  i  r  v.  • 

asked  hi 

three  words   of  what 

She  called  Amy  Dorrit 

■  ■',  \xm  hiaaa. 


.   like   a 

■ 


Magi  or 

the  guiding 
lehera  with 
Nubia,  ■ 

r 
'    I 

I 

d 

i  ,  .  i  ,\ 
maki  i 

■ 

rSS  can  keep 

■ 


MAGIC  RINGS. 


592 


MAGOG. 


wide,  and  some  motherwort,  gathered  in 
the  first  degree  of  the  sign  Capricorn  and 
partially  dried,  is  sewn  into  these  strips, 
which  are  then  folded  in  two.  The 
garters  are  to  be  worn  as  other  garters. — 
tea  Secrets  Merveilleux  du  Petit  Albert. 

Were  it  not  for  my  magic  garters,  .  .  . 

I  should  not  continue  the  business  long. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Magic  Rings,  like  that  which  Gyges, 
minister  to  king  Candaules  of  Lydia, 
found  in  the  flanks  of  a  brazen  horse. 
By  means  of  this  ring,  which  made  its 
wearer  invisible,  Gyges  first  dishonored 
the  queen,  and  then,  with  her  assistance, 
assassinated  the  king  and  usurped  his 
throne.  Plato's  Republic;  Cicero's  Offices. 

Magic  Staff  {Tlie).  This  staff  would 
guarantee  the  bearer  from  all  the  perils 
and  mishaps  incidental  to  travellers.  No 
robber  nor  wild  beast,  no  mad  dog, 
venomous  animal,  nor  accident,  could 
hurt  its  possessor.  The  staff  consisted 
of  a  willow  branch,  gathered  on  the  eve  of 
All  Saints'  Day  ;  the  pith  being  removed, 
two  eyes  of  a  young  wolf,  the  tongue 
and  heart  of  a  dog,  three  green  lizards, 
the  hearts  of  three  swallows,  seven  leaves 
»f  vervain  gathered  on  the  eve  of  John 
the  Baptist's  Day,  and  a  stone  token 
from  a  lapwing's  nest,  were  inserted  in 
the  place  of  the  pith.  The  toe  of  the 
staff  was  furnished  with  an  iron  ferrule; 
and  the  handle  was  of  box,  or  any  other 
material,  according  to  fancy. — Les  Secrets 
Merveilleux  de  Petit  Albert,  130. 

Were  it  not  fur  my  magic  .  .  .  staff, 
I  should  not  continue  the  business  long. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Magic  "Wands.  The  hermit  gave 
Charles  the  Dane  and  Ubaldo  a  wand, 
which,  being  shaken,  infused  terror  into 
all  who  saw  it. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  De- 
livered (1575). 

The  palmer  who  accompanied  sir 
Guvon  had  a  wand  of  like  virtue.  It 
was  made  of  the  same  wood  as  Mercury's 
caduceua.- -Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii. 
(1590). 

Magician  of  the  North  (The), 
sir  Walter  Scott  (1771-1832). 

How  beautifully  ha*  the  Magician  of  the  North  de- 
scribed "The  Field  of  Waterloo  f— Lord  W.  P.  Lennox, 
Celebrities,  etc.,  i.  16 

%*  Johann  Georg  Hamann  of  Prussia 
called  himself  "The  Magician  of  the 
North"  (1730-1788). 

Magliabechi,  the  greatest  book- 
worm that  ever  lived.  He  devoured 
books,  and  never  forgot  anything  he  had 
read.     He  had  also  so  exact  a  memory. 


that  he  could  tell  the  precise  place  and 
shelf  of  a  book,  as  well  as  the  volume  and 
page  of  any  passage  required.  He  was 
the  librarian  of  the  great-duke  Cosmo 
III.  His  usual  dinner  was  three  hard- 
boiled  eggs  and  a  draught  of  water  (1633- 
1714). 

Magmu,  the  coquette  of  Astracan. 

Though  naturally  handsome,  she  used  every  art  to  set 
off  her  beauty.  Not  a  w  ird  pr  ceeded  from  her  mouth 
that  was  not  studied.  To  counterfeit  a  violent  passion,  to 
sigh  d  projws,  to  make  an  attractive  gesture,  to  trifle 
agreeably,  and  collect  the  various  graces  of  dumb  eloquence 
into  a  smile,  were  the  arts  in  which  she  excelled.  She 
spent  hours  before  her  glass  in  deciding  how  a  curl  might 
be  made  to  bang  loose  upon  her  neck  to  the  greatest 
advantage  ;  how  to  open  and  shut  her  lips  so  as  best  to 
show  her  teeth  without  affectation — to  turn  tier  face  full 
or  otherwise,  as  occasion  might  require.  She  looked  on 
herself  with  ceaseless  admiration,  and  a'ways  admired 
most  the  works  of  her  own  hand  in  improving  on  the 
beauty  which  nature  had  bestowed  on  her. — T.  S.  Gueu- 
lette.  Chinese  Talcs  ("  Magmu,"  1723). 

Magnanimous  {The),  Alfonso  of 
Aragon  (1385,  1416-1458). 

Khosru  or  Chosroes,  the  twenty-first  of 
the  Sassanldes,  was  surnamed  Noushir~ 
wan  ("Magnanimous")  (*,  531-579). 

Magnano,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
rabble  that  attacked  Hudibras  at  a  bear- 
baiting.  The  character  is  designed  for 
Simeon  Wait,  a  tinker,  as  famous  an 
independent  preacher  as  Burroughs.  He 
used  to  style  Cromwell  "the  archangel 
who  did  battle  with  the  devil." — S.  But- 
ler, Hudibras,  i.  2  (1663). 

Magnetic  Mountain  (T?ie).  This 
mountain  drew  out  all  the  nails  and  iron 
bolts  of  any  ship  which  approached  it, 
thus  causing  it  to  fall  to  pieces. 

This  mountain  is  very  steep,  and  on  the  summit  Is  a 
large  dome  made  of  fine  bronze,  which  is  supported  upon 
columns  of  the  same  metal.  On  the  top  of  the  dome 
there  is  a  bronze  horse  with  the  figure  of  a  man  upon  it. 
.  .  .  There  is  a  tradition  that  this  statue  Is  the  principal 
cause  of  the  loss  of  so  many  vessels  and  men,  and  that  it 
will  never  cease  from  being  destructive  .  .  .  till  it  be  over- 
thrown.— Arabian  Sights  ("  The  Third  Calender"). 

Magnificent  (The),  Khosru  or  Chos- 
roes I.  of  Persia  (*,  531-579). 

Lorenzo  de  Medici  (1448-1492). 

Robert  due  de  Normandie ;  called  La 
Diable  also  (*,  1028-1035). 

Soliman  I.,  greatest  of  the  Turkish 
sultans  (1493,  1520-1566). 

Magog,  according  to  Ezek.  xxxviii., 
xxxix.,  was  a  country  or  people  over 
whom  Gog  was  prince.  Some  say  the 
Goths  are  meant,  others  the  Persians, 
others  the  Scythians  or  the  northern 
nations  of  Europe  generally. 

Sale  says  that  Magog  is  the  tribe  called 
by  Ptolemy  "  Gilan,"  and  by  Strabo 
"Gcli"  or  "  Gelte." — Al  Koran,  xxviii. 
note.     (See  Goo.) 


teller.  I. 


v  I   K)0. 

M  i'  Satan, 

unbition  i-  bell. 

Maniiuiier 

thmdrrw  Mltiud  onto  !>.«•  ill  rttl.  '..  I    !•»  fartan*. 

•ha    .A.n- 
1  '    /VlIMM 

• 

pioa  "f  I»-»l>clla 
of  Portugal,  »  ho  -■  fated  u> 
I 

champion,  and  thus  liU-niU-d  In*  country 
from  tnl'Ut''. 

Matfwiti-h 

tin-   UllKllnWIl    f:it     • 

Adopted  from  infancy  03  Mi--  ll.n 

tin'  daughter  "f    ■    rich   banker.       I    • 

- 
tralia.  '  '  iruu-r, 

I 

gentleman.     When  Pit 

Lch  returned  to  Kngland, under  the 
i  I  made  bim- 

iM-lf  Lti-.w n  to  I'i|'.     I i-  •  -l  by 

Orlick    and    I 

died  in  j.nl.     All 
I 

•  forty- 

all  tin-  inti 

M'ili"in- if  or  Moil  titular 

■ante  taken  b)  llalal  i, 

b»-  — 

•4      ■.. 

■   .   I  ,  . 

I 

• 

I 

- 

'Hm  U  IIm  In   aut.ii.  wluli  aOaaliiaa   lain 
I 

'..  moUMT  erf    I 
•  '■-  Had  !  "if.... 

.    fe*aa   aba    aJ 

.  <a  n*a» 

•-Una*,   Kukt  . 
Kulih*.  *Uan  "a*  •*  «*• 

«i.  •!.«•  II   »w  rcj  —  T.J   v.  a:   W  vat 
•tola    a  i 

a.  on  Iba  kp  at  AftaVak.  bU   ' 


' 


- 

■ 


.it.  ».«-.. a       tl  -aJ 
I  *  tbaaaa 

.  I.«ak     bo 
lb*  laaalh;   at   Zabaa 

vJaaaaa-V 

.  MttM  .»••«»  taw 


i 

Taiai     lbai  of  u.«  Karmkai 

■ 


AM     »W»r.    I.b    (albr*  la  a>v    (talbat    u* 


.-I  >.--> 


taiMiM  «W« 
■I*    of    anal    La    traa.1 

I  ■  «a«  Arab  tanaf  Oa.* 


(7 1  kanatoa.  a  "<••-..■>  cat  ■ 
Kanaaa  l-  Valh  la  arAnf  to  nw 


IV.-    a** 


■ 


■a 


llaajrab  at  llrv 


MAHOMET'S  COFFIN. 


594 


MAID  OF  BATH. 


Alcanor,  pretending  that  it  is  God's  will. 
Zaphna  obeys  the  behest,  is  told  that 
Alcanor  is  his  father,  and  is  poisoned. 
Mahomet  asks  Palmira  in  marriage,  and 
Bhe  stabs  herself. 

J.  Bannister  [1760-1836]  began  his  stage  career  in 
tragedy,  and  played  "  Mahomet."  Garrick  .  .  .  asked  him 
what  character  he  wished  to  play  next.     "Why,"  said 

Bannister,  "  '  Oroonoko. Eh,  eh  ! "  said  David,  staring 

at  Bannister,  who  was  very  thin  ;  "  Eh.  eh  1  you  will  look  as 
much  like  '  Oroonoko '  as  a  chimney-sweeper  in  consump- 
tion."—T.  Campbell. 

Mahomet's  Coffin  is  said  to  be 
suspended  in  mid-air.  The  wise  ones 
affirm  that  the  coffin  is  of  iron,  and  is 
nuspended  by  the  means  of  loadstones,  i 
The  faithful  assert  it  is  held  up  by  four 
angels.  Burckhardt  says  it  is  not  sus- 
pended at  all.     A  marabout  told  Labat : 

Que  le  tombeau  de  Mahomet  etoit  port<5  en  l'air  par  le 
moyen  de  certains  Anges  qui  se  relayent  d'heure  en  heures 
pour  souteuir  ce  fardeau. — Labat,  Afriym:  Occidcntale, 
li.  143  (1728). 

The  balance  always  would  hang  even, 

Like  Mah'met's  tomb  twixt  e:irth  anil  heaven. 

Prior,  Alma,  ii.  199  (1717). 

Mahomet's  Dove,  a  dove  which 
Mahomet  taught  to  pick  seed  placed  in 
his  ear.  The  bird  would  perch  on  the 
prophet's  shoulder  and  thrust  its  bill  into 
his  ear  to  find  its  food  ;  but  Mahomet 
gave  out  that  it  was  the  Holy  Ghost,  in 
the  form  of  a  dove,  sent  to  impart  to  hiin 
the  counsels  of  God. — Dr.  Prideaux,  Life 
of  Mahomet  (1607)  ;  sir  W.  Raleigh,  His- 
tory of  the  World,  I.  i.  6  (1614). 

Instance  proud  Mahomet  .  .  . 
The  sacred  dove  whispering  into  his  ear. 
That  what  his  will  imposed,  the  world  must  fear. 
Lord  Brooke.  Declination  of  Monarchic,  etc.  (15J4-1628). 
Was  Mahomet  inspired  with  a  dove! 
Thou  with  an  eagle  art  inspired  [Joan  of  Arc]. 

Shakespeare,  1  Ilenry  VI.  act  i.  sc.  3  (1389). 

Mahomet's  Knowledge  of 
Events.  Mahomet  in  his  coffin  is  in- 
formed by  an  angel  of  every  event  which 
occurs  respecting  the  faithful.         • 

H  est  vivant  dans  son  tombeau.  II  fait  la  prlcre  dans 
ce  tombeau  a  chaque  fois  que  le  crieur  en  fait  la  proclama- 
tion, et  au  m6me  terns  qu'on  la  recite,  11  y  a  un  ange 
poste  sur  son  tomlwau  qui  a  le  soin  de  lui  douner  avis  des 
prieres  que  les  ndtles  font  pour  luL— Gaguier,  Vie  de  Ma- 
\omet.  vii.  IS  (1723). 

Mahomet  of  the  North,  Odin, 
both  legislator  and  supreme  deity. 

Mahoud,  son  of  a  rich  jeweller  of 
Delhi,  who  ran  through  a  large  fortune 
in  riotous  living,  and  then  bound  himself 
in  service  to  Bennaskar,  who  proved  to 
be  a  magician.  Mahoud  impeached  Ben- 
aaskar  to  the  cadi,  who  sent  officers  to 
seize  him ;  but,  lo  !  Mahoud  had  been 
metamorphosed  into  the  likeness  of  Ben- 
aaskar,  and  wis  condemned  to  be  burnt 
alive.  "When  the  pile  was  set  on  fire, 
Mahoud  became  a  toad,  and  in  this  form 


met  the  sultan  Misnar,  his  vizier  Hor&m, 
and  the  princess  Hemju'nah  of  Cassimir, 
who  had  been  changed  into  toads  also. — 
Sir  C.  Morell  [J.  Ridley],  Tales  of  the 
Genii  ("  The  Enchanter's  Tale,"  vi.,  1751). 

Mahound  or  Mahoun,  a  na  ne  of 
contempt  for  Mahomet  or  any  pagan  god 
Hence  Ariosto  makes  Ferrau  '"blaspheme 
his  Mahoun  and  Termagant"  (Orlando 
Furioso,  xii.  59). 

Fitter  for  a  turban  for  Mahound  or  Termagant,  than  a 
head-gear  of  a  reasonable  creature. — Sir  W.  Scott. 

Mahu,  the  fiend-prince  that  urges  to 
theft. 

Five  fiends  have  been  in  poor  Tom  at  once:  of  lust,  al 
ptiidicut :  Hohididance,  prince  of  dumbness;  Mahu,  of 
Bte&:ing ;  Modo.  of  murder  ;  and  Flibbertigibbet,  of  mop- 
ping and  mowing. — Shakespeare,  King  Lear,  act  iv.  sc  1 
(1605). 

Maid  Ma'rian,  a  name  assumed  by 
Matilda,  daughter  of  Robert  lord  Fitz- 
walter,  while  Robin  Hood  remained  in  a 
state  of  outlawry.  She  was  poisoned 
with  a  poached  egg  at  Dunmow  Priory, 
by  a  messenger  of  king  John  sent  for  the 
purpose.  This  Mas  because  Marian  was 
loved  by  the  king,  but  rejected  him. 
Drayton  has  written  her  legend. 

He  to  his  mistress  dear,  bis  lov&l  Marian, 

Was  ever  constant  known  ;  which  wheresoe'er  she  came. 

Was  sovereign  of  the  woods,  chief  lady  of  the  game. 

Her  clothes  tucked  to  the  knee,  and  dainty  braided  hair, 

With  bow  and  quiver  armed,  she  wandered  here  and  there 

Amongst  the  forest  wild.     Diana  never  knew 

Such  pleasures,  nor  such  harts  as  Mariana  slew. 

Polyolbion,  xxvi.  (1622). 

Maid  Marian,  introduced  into  the  May- 
day morris-dance,  was  a  boy  dressed  in 
girl's  clothes.  She  was  queen  of  the  May, 
and  used  to  wear  a  tinsel  crown,  and 
carry  in  her  left  hand  a  flower.  Her  coif 
was  purple,  her  surcoat  blue,  her  cuffs 
white,  the  skirts  of  her  robe  yellow,  the 
sleeves  carnation,  and  the  stomacher  red 
with  yellow  cross  bars.  (See  Morris- 
Dance.) 

Maid  of  Athens,  There'sa  Macri, 
rendered  famous  by  Byron's  song,  "  Maid 
of  Athens,  fare  thee  well !  "  Twenty-four 
years  after  this  song  was  written,  an 
Englishman  sought  out  u  the  Athenian 
maid,"  and  found  a  beggar  without  a 
single  vestige  of  beauty.  She  was  mar- 
ried and  had  a  large  family ;  but  the 
struggle  of  her  life  was  to  find  bread 
to  keep  herself  and  family  from  positive 
starvation. 

Maid  of  Bath  (The),  Miss  Linley, 
who  married  R.  B.  Sheridan.  Samuel 
Foote  wrote  a  farce  entitled  The  Maid  of 
Bath,  in  which  he  gibbets  Mr.  Waltei 
Long  under  the  name  of  "  Flint." 


MAID  OP  HONOUR. 


60S 


MAI] 


Mui'i  ••ill 

i.    Cami'oui,  a  very  wealthy, 

.1:1  love  »  ith  prince 

of  the 

..la,    cul'l    BOt    marry    without    a 

While 

•n    army    a^ain«t    Aurelia    duel) 
Sienna,  ami  waa  taken  prieoni  r.     <  amiOla 
•  "in,  unci  Aurelia  commanded 

risooer  to  !"■  brought   befon 
Bertoldo  came ;  the  ducbcM  fell  in  love 
with  bin  end  offered  marriage)  ud  Ber- 
toldo, forgetful  >>f  Cam  ted  the 

-  ibed    then     pn 

themtehrei  t>>  the   kin  uniola 

1  oondoet  •  The 

king    waa    indignant    at    the    baseness. 

Anreli  1  •  with  scorn,  ami 

1  k  the  Veil. 

Maid   of  Maricndorpt   ( I 
drama  by  s.   Know  li  M  >».< 

i  -  novel  oi 

I,     'I  be   '•  maid 
daughter    <>f    Mahldenan     ministi 

dorpt,  ami  betrothed  t<>  major 
Rupert  Roeelheim.  The  plot  ii  thia  1 
Mahldenan  si  irch  of 

in  infancj  dnrinj 

:  '  i^'lir,  he  ii 

j ,  ami  condi 
I  11  turt-,  walk 

:  id  fur  bit  life,  ami  finds  that  the 

govern 

ie  prison  and    n 
I 

Maid  ot'Norv.  laugh- 

ter of  Erie  [I.  and  Ha 
Bbe   w 
Bdward  I.  of  1 

Maid    of  Orleans,  Jeanne  d'Are. 
famous  for  having  r.; 

■ 

tradition  is  that  ibe 

witch,  boil 

Mai.l    Of    Perth  .    '     Marine 

Glovi  r,  daugbtt  r  ol    Bimoi    I 
ohl  gli  th.     Bbe  t. 

Smith   m  Dtinei 

,:,  and  ultimate!)   man  ■ 
h:r    W 
I  i\  .   . 

Mn 

for   h.  r    bi  ruism    al    I 
I 


ll.c 

fuU«J  bj  •  ».;....  ■  '  »t,  I  bttmt  •  '»■. ■»r»l  w*a 

.  j*  imm. 
Mi         '  •        Mdl  ( TU     »  1 

langh- 
■ 

up  by  lord    ' 
death  <>f  lady  AJ 
mill,  and  I 
in  mat  Patty 

:  to  marry  him.     Lord  Ain 
aboat  the  sat 

Harry 
re  ;  bnl  :' 
When  1 
this  attachn 

man  of  bar 
■   ■ 
the  mill"  1  !. 

Maid  of  the  Oak 

by    J,     Bnrgovne.      Maria    "  the 
maid  1 

■ 
ii  informed 
with  *ir  Hai 

1 1 .     1. 

n.       Ihipely   |>r<  I 
'inn,   and   lady   Lardoon  wn 
ition  ;  "  but  aft.  - 

fell  in  with  • 

that  he  would  abjure  hi 

■ 

renounced  the  wi.rld  of  faahion  ■  « 

f.dhes. 

M:r. 

■ 
tor,  w  bo,  ut  the  V. . 

!    .  - 
form  1  I 

where    "  1  , 

dius.) 

I 
I 

1 

■ 

I 

1 

•lid  a  sharp  ax«  .«  1  .  and 


MAIDEN  KING. 


596 


MALADE  IM  AG  IN  AIRE. 


•upported  by  a  long;  cord.  When  all  was 
ready,  the  cord  was  cut  and  down  fell  the 
axe  with  a  thud.— Pennant,  Tour  in  Scot- 
land, iii.  365  (1771). 

The  unfortunate  earl  [Argyll]  was  appointed  to  be 
beheaded  by  the  "  maiden." — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ta'.et  uf  a 
Grandfather,  ii.  53. 

Ttie  Italian  instrument  of  execution  was  called  the 
mannaui.  The  apparatus  was  erected  on  a  sc;UTo!d  ;  the 
axe  was  placed  between  two  perpendiculars.  .  .  .In  Scot- 
land the  instrument  of  execution  was  an  inferior  variety 
of  the  tnannala. — Memoirt  of  the  Sansons,  i.  -o?. 

It  seems  pretty  clear  that  the  "  maiden"  ...  is  merely 
•  corruption  of  the  Italian  mannaia. — A.  G.  Reid. 

Maiden  King  {The),  Malcolm  IV. 
•>f  Scotland  (1141,  1153-1165). 

Malcolm,  .  .  .  son  of  the  brave  and  generous  prince 
Henry,  .  .  .  was  so  kind  and  gentle  in  his  disposition, 
that  he  was  usually  called  Malcolm  "  the  Maiden.  —Sir  W. 

Scott,  Talet  of  a  Grandfather,  iv. 

Maiden  Queen  ( The),  Elizabeth  of 
England  (1533,  1558-1603). 

Maiden  of  the  Mist  (The),  Anne 
of  Gcierstein,  daughter  of  count  Albert 
of  (jeierstein.  She  is  the  baroness  of 
Arnheim. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  (Je>er- 
stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Maidens'  Castle  (The),  on  the 
Severn.  It  was  taken  from  a  duke  by 
seven  knights,  and  held  by  them  till  sir 
Galahad  expelled  them.  It  was  called 
"  The  Maidens'  Castle  "  because  these 
knights  made  a  vow  that  every  maiden 
who  passed  it  should  be  made  a  captive. 
This  is  an  allegory. 

The  Castle  of  Maidens  betokens  the  good  souls  that  were 
hi  prison  afore  the  Incarnation  of  Christ  And  the  seven 
knights  betoken  the  seven  deadly  sins  which  reigned  in 
the  world.  .  .  .  And  the  good  knight  sir  Galahad  may 
In-  likened  to  the  Son  of  the  High  Father,  that  Light 
within  a  maiden  which  brought  all  souls  out  of  thraldom. 
—Sir  T.  Malory,  Uistory  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii.  44  (1470). 

Mailsetter  (Mrs.),  keeper  of  the 
Fairport  post-office. 

Davie  Mailsetter,  her  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Mairnou'ne  (3  s///.),  a  fairy,  daughter 
of  Damriat  "king  of  a  legion  of  genii." 
"When  the  princess  Badoura,  in  her  sleep, 
was  carried  to  the  bed  of  prince  Camaral'- 
zaman  to  be  shown  to  him,  Maimoune 
changed  herself  into  a  flea,  and  bit  the 
prince's  neck  to  wake  him.  Whereupon 
he  sees  the  sleeping  princess  by  his  side, 
falls  in  love  with  her,  and  afterwards 
marries  her. — Arabian  Nights  ("Cama- 
ralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Mai'muna  or  Maimu'na,  one  of 
the  sorceresses  of  Dom-Daniel,  who  re- 
pents and  turns  to  Allah.  Thal'aba  first 
encounters  her,  disguised  as  an  old 
woman  spinning  the  finest  thread.  He 
greatly  marvels  at  its  extreme  fineness, 
but   she   tells    him    he   cannot    snap    it; 


whereupon  he  winds  it  round  his  twe 
wrists,  and  becomes  powerless.  Maimuna, 
with  her  sister-sorceress  Khwala,  then 
carry  him  to  the  island  of  Moha'reb, 
where  he  is  held  in  durance  ;  but  Mai- 
muna releases  him,  repents,  and  dies. — 
Southev,  Thalaba  the  Destroyer,  ix. 
(1797)." 

Mainote  (2  syl.),  a  pirate  who  infests 
the  coast  of  Attica. 

.  .  .  boit 
Of  island-pirate  or  Mainote. 

Byron,  77*  Giaow  (1813). 

Mainy  (Richard),  out  of  whom  the 
Jesuits  cast  the  seven  deadly  sins,  each 
in  the  form  of  some  representative  ani- 
mal. As  each  devil  came  forth,  Mainy 
indicated  the  special  sin  by  some  trick  or 
gesture.  Thus,  for  pride  he  pretended  K 
curl  his  hair,  for  tjluttony  to  vomit,  for 
sloth  to  gape,  and  so  on. — Bishop  Hars- 
nett,  Declaration  of  Fopish  Impostures, 
279,  280. 

Maitland  (Thomas),  the  pseudonym 
of  Robert  Buchanan  in  The  Contemporary 
Review,  when  he  attacked  the  "Fleshly 
school." 

Malachi,  the  canting,  preaching 
assistant  of  Thomas  Turnbull  a  smug- 
gler and  schoolmaster. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Redgauntlet  (time,  George  111.). 

Malaeoda,  the  fiend  sent  as  an  envoy 
to  Virgil,  when  he  conducted  Dantft 
through  hell.— Dante,  Bell,  xxi.  (1300). 

Malade  Imaginaire  (Le),  Mons. 
Argan,  who  took  seven  mixtures  and 
twelve  lavements  in  one  month  instead 
of  twelve  mixtures  with  twenty  lave- 
ments, as  he  had  hitherto  done.  "  No 
wonder,"  he  says,  "he  is  not  so  well." 
He  fancies  his  wife  loves  him  dearly, 
and  that  his  daughter  is  undutiful,  be- 
cause she  declines  to  marry  a  young 
medical  prig  instead  of  Cldante  (2  syl.) 
whom  she  loves.  His  brother  persuades 
"the  malade"  to  counterfeit  death,  in 
order  to  test  the  sincerity  of  his  wife  and 
daughter.  The  wife  rejoices  greatly  at 
his  death,  and  proceeds  to  filch  his  pro- 
perty, when  Argan  starts  up  and  puts  an 
end  to  her  pillage.  Next  comes  the 
daughter's  turn.  When  she  hears  of  her 
father's  death,  she  bewails  him  with  great 
grief,  says  she  has  lost  her  best  friend, 
and  that  she  will  devote  her  whole  life 
in  prayer  for  the  repose  of  his  soul. 
Argan  is  delighted,  starts  up  in  a  frenzy 
of  joy,  declares  she  is  a  darling,  and 
shall  marry  the  man  f  f  her  choice  i'reelv, 


KALAGIGI. 


MALlJROUGU. 


k 


snd  lUSsavi   if,: 

Lc  Mai  1 1.    I  n  i    'i  i  • 

Malayi'^i,  *■>"  of  Buovo,  brother  <>f 
Aldlger  tod  Vivian  (of  Clara 
on*  of  Charlt  dadins,  and 

of   Kinaldo.     Being   brought  Dp  by  the 
fairy  Orianda,   be   became  ■ 
chanter. — A  1616). 

Malogri'da  (Gabriel),  mi  Italian 
Jesuit  an<l  missionary  to  Brazil,  who 
eras  eeeuaed  of  conspiring  against  the 
king  of  Portugal  (1689  1761). 

Lord  Shelburne  wis  nicknamed  "Mala- 
grida.*'     Us  was  a  tealous  oppositionist 
during  lunl  N  rth'a  administration 
I 

•■  I «-  ■  .  ■  k.,  .w."    aid  ll.it.tvi.ith  t.<  Ml   It  !  Up,  "that 

i  .  i-^1   )  "i  ■  Mjj\_n.la.'  lor 

'.  t  *.rt  >.f  ■  nan  "  H 

lo  mij.  a,*  MaLiurlla  w.m  a  "  pood  --rt  ol  A  limn. 

to    liuw  It   became   a    wurU   ol    r.|>n*ch. —  W. 
lcrlng. 

Malapn-ovvthcr  (Sir  Mungo),  a 
crabbed  old  courtier,  soured  bj  misfor- 
tune, and  peevish  from  infirmities.  He 
i  tir  iitnl  dis- 

contented   m    himself.  -  Sir    \V.   B<  tott, 
Furtunt-s  of  Nigel  (time,  James  !.)• 

Mala  r  Malachi),    air    Walter 

Si"it,    "  ( )n    the    proposed    Chan 
currency,  tie. "  (1826). 

Lockharl  lays  thai  these  "  diatril 
duced  in  Bcotlacd  a  at  nsation  not  infi  nor 
so  that  of  the  Drapier'a  letters   in  I r«-- 
land."    They  ••••ii in-  mi!  in  the  Edinburgh 
Journal. 

Malambru'no,  a  giant,  first  i 
C)  queen  Ifaguncia  of  Candaya,  "  Ex- 
clusive of  his  natural  barbarity,  Malam- 
bruno  wan  also  a  wizard,"  irho  rnrhantiftd 
(lmi  Clavijo  sod  the  princess  Antono- 
fbrnier  into  a  crocodile  i'f 
some  unknown  metal,  anil  the  latter  into 
u  monkey  "t  I  i  i  -.     I  enl  don 

md  was  ap- 

t"  by  the  simple  attempt  of  the 
might  to  disenchant  the  victims  of  hia 
urvantes,    iKn     (,'uixvti', 
11.  in.  ; 

Malaprop  (Afrs.),  aunt  nrnl  froardian 
t«   Lydia    Languish    the    hi 

n>p    Beta     In  r     cap    at     sir     I.uun 
iron  t,"   ami 

I  .mi  under   the  name   of 

I  >ir  Luciu 

Md,  when  he  discovers  bis  mists 
rHines  the  honour  of  d  !i  the 

*  ru|i  is  a  synon)  m  fur 

those  wh<  i  misapply  wordi  without  mis- 
I  them.     Thus  Mrs,  lia 


KMS,    ar 

she  requests  thai  ••  I     I         .  : 

..a  nf  Hying  with  the  • 

.- 
.  I  of  "  pre. 

— Shi 

Kafcpropll  mbrtakoa  In  what  aha   callt  "ortho- 
.     Muvta. 

Malbccco,   "a    cankered,    ei 
carl,"  very  wealthy   and   very   miserlv, 
husband  of  a  j  oung  u ife  i 
mire  (3  .«•■;//.),  of  whom  I 
and  not  without  c  use.     Belli 
in  le\  •  I  aridel  b<  i 

lire  to  the  closet  where  her  hu 
his   tn  I  elopes  with  1 

while   ii  i  -to  put  out  tin 

flames. 

pursuit,  ami   finds  that   I'.irnlel   li  . 

of  the  dame,  w  ho 

dairy-maid.     He  i  .*.,  but 

she  declines  to  return  with  him  ;  ■ 

in  desperation,  thrum*  himself   from  a 

rock,  hut    receives  n.>  injury.      M  . 
then  creeps  into  • 

and  frogs,  an. I   h\ •  -  in  tenor  I 
rnek  should  crush  him 
whelm  him.     "Dying,  he  lives  on,  and 
can  never  die,"  for  he 

•it."— 
i.  '.',  lo  i ; 

MalbrouKh',  corrupted   in   1 
into   Maribrvok,  the    hero   of  a   ; 
French  song.     <  ■■  nerally  th. 
to  John  (  hurchill  iluk.  rough, 

no  famous  for  lu~  victories'  over  tin  I 

I  i  \'.  ;   but    ' 

il'  lit   o!    ' 

nf    the    other.        I  f    the 

leiitly  a  CI 

baron.  w ln>  di<  .1  I 

climbing  t':. 

out    lot    her    lor  :.  i    Uie 

mothi  i  it  at  at 

win. low,    and    crii.l    th: 

N  hy    i  ■  ming  / 

Why    tarry    :  ..f   hi*   cl 

.    .    .    I  I 

following  :i"  .;  :  — 

"  Malbrnuch    I  ... 

-  •    or  al 

. 


• 


MALBROUK. 


598 


MALFORT. 


•nver.  for  my  lord  la  dead.  He  Is  dead,  lady,  and  laid  In 
earth.  I  saw  him  borne  to  his  last  home  by  four  officers : 
one  carried  his  cuirass,  one  his  shield,  one  his  sword,  and 
the  fourth  walked  beside  the  bier  but  bore  nothing. 
They  laid  him  in  earth.  I  saw  his  spirit  rise  through  the 
laurels.  They  planted  his  grave  with  rosemary.  The 
nightingale  sang  his  dirge.  The  mourners  fell  to  the 
earth  ;  and  when  they  rose  up  again,  they  chanted  his 
victories.    Then  retired  they  nil  to  rest." 

This  song  used  to  be  sung  as  a  lullaby 
to  the  infant  son  of  Louis  XVI.  ;  and 
Napoleon  I.  never  mounted  his  charger 
for  battle  without  humming  the  air  of 
Malbrough  sVn  va-t-en  guerre.  Mon.  de 
Las  Casas  says  he  heard  him  hum  the 
same  air  a  little  before  his  death. 

Malbrouk,  of  Basque  legend,  is  a 
child  brought  up  by  his  godfather  of  the 
same  name.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  is 
a  tall,  full-grown  man,  and,  like  Proteus, 
can  assume  any  form  by  simply  naming 
the  form  he  wishes  to  assume.  Thus,  by 
saying  "Jesus,  ant,"  he  becomes  an  ant ; 
and  "  Jesus,  pigeon,"  he  becomes  a 
pigeon.  After  performing  most  wonder- 
ful prodigies,  and  releasing  the  king's 
three  daughters  who  had  been  stolen 
by  his  godfather,  he  marries  the  youngest 
of  the  princesses,  and  succeeds  the  king 
on  his  throne. 

%*  The  name  Malbrouk  occurs  in  the 
Chanson  de  Gcstes,  and  in  the  Basque 
Pastorales.     (See  above,  Malbrough.) 

Malcolm,  surnamed  "Can  More" 
("great  head"),  eldest  son  of  Duncan  "the 
Meek"  king  of  Scotland.  He,  with  his 
father  and  younger  brother,  was  a  guest 
of  Macbeth  at  Inverness  Castle,  when 
Duncan  was  murdered.  The  two  young 
princes  fled  —  Malcolm  to  the  English 
court,  and  his  brother  Donalbain  to  Ire- 
land. When  Macduff  slew  Macbeth  in 
the  battle  of  Dunsin'ane,  the  son  of  Dun- 
can was  set  on  the  throne  of  Scotland, 
under  the  name  and  title  of  Malcolm  III. 
— Shakespeare,  Macbeth  (1606). 

Malebolge  (4  syl.),  the  eighth  circle 
of  Dante's  inferno.  It  was  divided  into 
ten  bolgi  or  pits. 

There  is  a  place  within  the  depths  of  hell. 
Called  Malebolge. 

Dante,  BeU,  xviii.  (1300). 

Mal'ecasta,  the  mistress  of  Castle 
Joyous,  and  the  impersonation  of  lust. 
Britomart  (the  heroine  of  chastity)  en- 
tered her  bower,  after  overthrowing  four 
of  the  six  knights  who  guarded  it ;  and 
Malccasta  sought  to  win  the  stranger  to 
wantonness,  not  knowing  her  sex.  Of 
course,  Britomart  resisted  all  her  wiles, 
and  left  the  castle  next  morning. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  1  (1590). 


Maledisaunt,  a  damsel  who  threw 
discredit  on  her  knightly  lover  to  pre- 
vent his  encountering  the  danger  of  the 
battle-field.  Sir  Launcelot  condoned  her 
offence,  and  gave  her  the  name  of  Bien- 
pensaunt. 

The  Cape  of  Good  Hone  was  called  the 
"Cape  of  Storms"  (Cabo  Tormentoso) 
by  Bartholomew  Diaz,  when  discovered 
in  1493  ;  but  the  king  of  Portugal  (John 
II.)  changed  the  name  to  "  Good  Hope." 

So  the  Euxine  (that  is,  "  the  hospit- 
able") Sea  was  originally  called  "The 
Axine"  (or  "the  inhospitable")  Sea. 

Maleffort,  seneschal  of  lady  Bria'na ; 
a  man  of  "  mickle  might,"  slain  by  sir 
Calidore. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  vi.  1 
(1596). 

Male'ger  (3  syl.),  captain  of  the  host 
which  besieged  Body  Castle,  of  which 
Alma  was  queen.  Prince  Arthur  found 
that  his  sword  was  powerless  to  wound 
him,  so  he  took  him  up  in  his  arms  and 
tried  to  crush  him,  but  without  effect. 
At  length  the  prince  remembered  thai 
the  earth  was  the  carl's  mother,  and  sup- 
plied him  with  new  strength  and  vigour 
as  often  as  he  went  to  her  for  it ;  so  he 
carried  the  body,  and  flung  it  into  a  lake. 
(See  ANTi«os.) — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
ii.  11  (1590). 

Malen'gin,  Guile  personified.  "When 
attacked  by  Talus,  he  changed  himself 
into  a  fox,  a  bush,  a  bird,  a  hedgehog, 
and  a  snake;  but  Talus,  with  his  irorv 
flail,  beat  him  to  powder,  and  so  "deoeit 
did  the  deceiver  fail."  On  his  back 
Malengin  carried  a  net  "  to  catch  fools  " 
with. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  9  (1596). 

Malepardus,  the  castle  of  Master 
Reynard  the  fox,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Males  and  Females.  The  pro- 
portion in  England  is  104*5  males  to  100 
females ;  in  Russia  it  is  108'9 ;  and  the 
Jews  in  Livonia  give  the  ratio  of  120 
males  born  to  every  100  females.  The 
mortality  of  males  in  infancy  exceeds  that 
of  females,  and  war  greatly  disturbs  the 
balance. 

Mal-Fet  {The  chevalier),  the  name 
assumed  by  sir  Launcelot  in  Joyous  Isle, 
during  his  fit  of  madness,  which  lasted 
two  years. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  iii.  (1470). 

Malfort  (Mr.),  a  young  man  who  has 
ruined  himself  by  speculation. 

Mrs.  Malfort,  the  wife  of  the  specula- 


MA  I.  FY. 


'■:■'_> 


MAI.VuLIM. 


tor,   "  hoiiM-lcx.t,   friendless,   <1«- f >  - 

and  forlorn."    Tin  Malfort  are 

temporarily   relieved   by  the  bounty  of 

Frank  rJeertall  and  tin-  kindi 

Cheerly    "the  soldier's  daughter."    The 

retorn  <>f   Malfort,   senior,   from    India, 

r  I   his   smi  tn   ease  and   alllii' 

Cherrj .  ier*4  Dtughi 

Malfy    i  i  ter  of 

Ferdinand  duke  of  Calabria.  She  f«-l  1 
in  love  witti  Antonio,  her  steward,  and 
gave  thereby  mortal  offence  to  hei  twin- 
brother  Ferdinand,  and  to  her  brother 
■  linal,  wIki  employed  Bosola  to 
strangle  her. — John  Webster,  Duchess  of 

Malgo,  a  mythical  king  of  Britain, 
noted  for  nia  beauty  and  hit  rices,  bis 
munificence  and  his  strength. 
added  Ireland,  Iceland,  Gothland,  toe 
Orkneys,  Norway,  and  Dacia  to  his 
dominions. — Geoffrey,  British  History, 
xi.  7  (IMS). 

Hal  M  llgB  .  .  .  flrit  OlhlMJ  "TrrTan. 

1    ,  '  .  IT    «  Ml. 

N«UrU  IccUml  f.-r  hi*  own,  mM  '  • 

lull.  /'ii.'yiVI'i ' 

Malherbo  (2  •»/.).     If  sny  one  ask.  il 
be  lii"  opinion  aboul  an) 
u  aent  aim  t"  the  street 

at  ilic  Port  an  Foin.  laying  that 
tliev  w<  ri  in  tangu  i 

Bat  -n,   \  iede  M 

It   is  said   that  Shakespeare  read  'i is 
plays  1  •    iroman  when  he  wished 

to  know  if  they  would  mit  the  popular 
I 

Mal'inal,   brothex    of    fnhid'thiton. 
When  the  Az'tecas  declared  war 
ami   his  colony,  Malinal 

:     m  ith    the    W  1"'  He 

waa  a  noble  youth,  who   received    two 

nrr"\\  wminds  m  his  leg  while  defending 
the  white  women;  and  being  u 
stand,   fought   m    their  defence  on    hi* 
knees.      When    Maimai    was   di 
Asaal'ahta  caught  up  the  prino 
m  ith  Inr;  but  Ml 

.    irli  ttruck  him  on  the 

aaaasti  .  bill-hook,  and  Malinal, 

crawling  to  the  spot,  thrust  his  iword  in 

n    ami    killed    him.   - 

. 

Mal'iom.     Mahomet  ■  *  N  oaUed  In 
•   BM  of  the  old  romai 

"Band  St*.  mn-\  ill  a«aliu<  in.  :     |t.i  SMhMI :  I  •■»»' 

m  !»»■• 
Mulkin.    The   II  dd   Mariai    of  the 


•>    is  so  called    oy  lieaumont 
and  I'  leu  her  : 

■ 

it  j  -'j  i,i^.i  iumiij  M«  «  i.  Ui.  M  .■   : 

Mo    i  ■  i»l 

Mull      ClltptirHO,     Mary      r:  a 

John 

1 1  u  .  in  161 

.1/  I  //.      J'r  i  . 

. 

A/>/"trily   an  .  It   is 

said   that  she    was   an   andr 

Usl  Saadw,  BUI  CM  I 


»h«  aun  IS111 

Mal-Orchol,  kin.; 
island  "f  Scandin 
Ton-Thormod  t"  rive  him  his 
marriage,   I  i 
Hiiit^r  made  >\ar  on  him.     Fin 

kl 
the  rerj  daj  oj  his  trrii  J 
Thormod  pi 

tilde.   DOW  "' 

marriage  ;  '< 

Thormod,  and  th< 

with  her  original  - 

nixed.  iter's  nan 

Moral.)  — Oasis  mL 

Maltworm,    B   t  ilarly, 

bookworm  n 

- 


Mal'venu,  Lu 

. 

M ill  v  l'n EL 
I 

hot  he  was  slam  in   I  Istei  by  »  airbar 
.rna^e    arrived. — 

-      MliV 
.  :.  aM  Uk»  •  hlMl  Swa 

|l>.    tUarr: 

■    ;  ze- 
sr*. 

I 

■ 

ivia'a  steward.    When 

• 

■■  l  rest 

ion   art  virtuose. 

I  o  cake* and  sic?' 


MAMAMOUCHI. 


600 


MAMMOUN. 


Sir  Toby  and  sir  Andrew  Ague-cheek 
join  Maria  in  a  trick  against  the  steward. 
Maria  forges  a  letter  in  the  handwriting 
of  Olivia,  leading  Malvolio  to  suppose 
that  his  mistress  is  in  love  with  him, 
telling  him  to  dress  in  yellow  stockings, 
and  to  smile  on  the  lady.  Malvolio  falls 
into  the  trap  ;  and  when  Olivia  shows 
astonishment  at  his  absurd  conduct,  he 
keeps  quoting  parts  of  the  letter  he  has 
received,  and  is  shut  up  in  a  dark  room 
as  a  lunatic. — Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night 
(1614). 

Clearing  bis  voice  with  a  preliminary  "  Hem  1 "  ho 
Addressed  his  kinsman,  checking,  as  Malvolio  proposed 
to  do  when  seated  in  his  state,  his  familiar  smile  with  an 
•ustere  regard  of  control. — Sir  W.  Scott. 

Bensley's  "  Malvolio"  was  simply  perfection.  His  legs 
in  yellow  stockings  most  villainously  cross-gartered,  with 
a  horrible  laugh  of  ugly  conceit  to  tt>p  the  whole,  ren- 
dered him  Shakespeare  s  "  Malvolio  "  at  all  points  [1738- 
16171. — Boaden,  Life  of  Jordan. 

Mamamouchi,  an  imaginary  order 
of  knighthood.  M.  Jourdain,  the  par- 
venu, is  persuaded  that  the  grand  seignior 
of  the  order  has  made  him  a  member, 
and  he  submits  to  the  ceremony  of  a 
mock  installation. — Moliere,  Le  Bourgeois 
Qeutilhomme  (1670). 

All  the  women  most  devoutly  swear, 
Kach  would  be  rather  a  poor  actress  here 
1  nan  to  be  made  a  Mamamouchi  there. 

Itryden. 

Mambrino's  Helmet,  a  helmet  of 
pure  gold,  which  rendered  the  wearer 
invisible.  It  was  taken  possession  of  by 
Kinaldo,  and  stolen  by  Scaripante. 

Cervantes  tells  us  of  a  barber  who  was 
caught  in  a  shower  of  rain,  and  who,  to 
protect  his  hat,  clapped  his  brazen  basin 
on  his  head.  Don  Quixote  insisted  that 
this  basin  was  the  helmet  of  the  Moorish 
king  ;  and,  taking  possession  of  it,  wore 
it  as  such. 

%*  When  the  knight  set  the  galley- 
slaves  free,  the  rascals  "snatched  the 
basin  from  his  head,  and  broke  it  to  pieces" 
(pt.  I.  iii.  8)  ;  but  we  find  it  sound  and 
complete  in  the  next  book  (ch.  15),  when 
the  gentlemen  at  the  inn  sit  in  judgment 
on  it,  to  decide  whether  it  is  really  a 
"helmet  or  a  basin."  The  judges,  of 
course,  humour  the  don,  and  declare  the 
basin  to  be  an  undoubted  helmet. — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote  (1605). 

"  I  will  lead  the  life  I  have  mentioned,  till,  by  the  force 
and  terror  of  my  arm,  I  take  a  helmet  from  tiie  head  of 
•ome  other  knight."  .  .  .  The  same  thing  happened  about 
Mambrino's  helmet,  which  cost  Scaripante  so  dear. — Cer- 
tantes,  Hon  Quixote,  1.  ii.  2  (1605). 

Mamillius,  a  young  prince  of  Sicilia. 
■ — Shakespeare,   Wmter's  Tale  (1604). 

Mammon,  the  personification  of 
earthly  ambition,  be  it  wealth,  honours, 


sensuality,  or  what  not.  "Ye  cannot* 
serve  God  and  mammon  "  {Matt.  vi.  24). 
Milton  makes  Mammon  one  of  the  re- 
bellious angels  : 

Mammon,  the  least-erected  spirit  that  fell 

From  heaven  ;  for  e'en  in  heaven  his  looks  and  thought! 

Were  always  downward  bent,  admiring  more 

The  riches  of  heaven's  pavement,  trodden  gold. 

Than  aught,  divine  or  holy,  else  enjoyed. 

Paradise  Lost,  i.  679,  etc.  (1665) 

Mammon  tells  sir  Guyon  if  he  will  serve 
him,  he  shall  be  the  richest  man  in  the 
world  ;  but  the  knight  replies  that  money 
has  no  charm  in  his  sight.  The  god  then 
takes  him  into  his  smithy,  and  tells  bin1 
to  give  any  order  he  likes;  but  sir  Guyon 
declines  the  invitation.  Mammon  next 
offers  to  give  the  knight  Philotine  to 
wife  ;  but  sir  Guyon  still  declines. 
Lastly,  the  knight  is  led  to  Proserpine's 
bower,  and  told  to  pluck  some  of  the 
golden  fruit,  and  to  rest  him  awhile  on 
the  silver  stool ;  but  sir  Guyon  resists  the 
temptation.  After  three  days'  sojourn 
in  the  infernal  regions,  the  knight  is  led 
back  to  earth,  and  swoons. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  ii.  7  (1590). 

Mammon  {Sir  Epicure),  the  rich  dupe 
who  supplies  Subtle  "the  alchemist" 
with  money  to  carry  on  his  artifices, 
under  pretence  of  transmuting  base  metals 
into  gold.  Sir  Epicure  believes  in  the 
possibility,  and  glories  in  the  mighty 
things  he  will  do  when  the  secret  is 
discovered. — Ben  Jonson,  The  Alc/iemist 
(1610). 

[Sir]  Epicure  Mammon  has  the  whole  "matter  and 
copy  of  the  father — eye,  nose,  lip,  the  trick  of  his  frown." 
It  is  just  such  a  swaggerer  as  contemporaries  have  described 
Ben  to  be.  .  .  .  He  is  arrogance  personified.  .  .  .  What 
a  *'  towering  bravery "  there  is  in  his  sensuality  1  He 
affects  no  pleasure  under  a  sultan. — C.  Lamb. 

Mammoth  {The)  or  big  buffalo  is 
an  emblem  of  terror  and  destruction 
among  the  American  Indians.  Hence, 
when  Brandt,  at  the  head  of  a  party  of 
Mohawks  and  other  savages,  was  laying 
waste  Pennsylvania,  and  approached 
Wyo'ming,  Outalissi  exclaims : 

The  mammoth  comes — the  foe — the  monster  Brandt, 
With  all  his  howling,  desolating  band  .  .  . 
Rod  is  the  cup  they  drink,  but  not  of  wine  1 

Campbell,  Uertrude  of  Wyoming,  iii.  16  (1809). 

Mammoth.  Cave  {The),  in  Edmond- 
son  County,  Kentucky.  It  is  the  largest 
in  the  world. 

Mammoth  Grove  {The),  in  Cali- 
fornia. Some  of  the  trees  grow  to  the 
height  of  from  200  to  300  feet,  and  have 
a  girth  of  from  100  to  200  feet. 

Mammoun,  eldest  of  the  four  sons 
of  Corcud.  One  day,  he  Bhowed  kind- 
ness to  a  mutilated  serpent,  which  proved 


M  V.*.. 


.:.»ut,  Who  (,mv.'  him  f..r 

i  ,.f  joinii 

DMDdil  '  "'' 

ttlto  t«  ••    IUI'1    *"    1  • 

in   a   moment   a   »l"|>   which 

:  broken  in  »  rii 
T.  8.  G 
tad  i 

i.     lli»   &  1  !'r>k'  to    th*J 

I 

a  ma,    a    marine    mollu 

.   ixed,    o.i    the    1 1 
Is,  lepidoeiren,  and  o(    • 
I  birds  and  repti  • 

fr..in  reptile*  wo  get  the   monotn 
which  connect!   raptili 
the  mareu| 
mamo 

World    monkeys    called 
I  .  .in.l  the  <  >ld  World  n 

link  "  ii  placed  !  •• 

think  I 

an.l  tin-  lowi 

tion  is  simple 

i  oomtption  i  I   • 
("littl 

.  '■' 

pronunciation    "f    bvu'sxisj  ;    »nd    hence 
•■  Monabia  "  foi 

c    human 
individnal,    Adam, 
affirms   th<  ■ 

not    ami    Uitlmiu    di\ 

it  into 

intotwrnti 
nt)  ;   an. I   Ilurk< 

Ma 

-    •  Irving  ha<  a  Uli 

TK.  .     ■ 

i  in  the  M 


•ay 
its)  thai 


*«>  t 

- 

hinder   people   from  n" 

l;n:t.  ln.'~m».  u.  (IMH. 
Hrr  fin  »»r  fr».  •    i 

I  bar  bml  •  (i 

•  on  I. ..  b«e«. 

which  mav  I 

i  hare. 

aid    <>f    an 

| 

I 

Man 

■ 

iv*4  | »»<■■>  —  Mao  «*"  ana 

».:  ..  M*>  I'        ■ 


MAN  OF  DECEMBER. 


602 


MANCHESTER  POET. 


Man  of  December,  Napoleon  III. 
So  called  because  he  was  made  president 
December  11,  1848.;  made  the  coup 
d'etat,  December  2,  1851 ;  and  was  made 
emperor,  December  2,  1852. 

(Born  in  the  Rue  Lafitte,  Paris  (not  in 
the  Tuilcnes),  April  20,  1808  ;  reigned 
1852-1870;  died  at  Chiselhurst,  Kent, 
January  9,  1873.) 

Man  of  Destiny,  Napoleon  I.,  who 
always  looked  on  himself  as  an  instru- 
ment in  the  hands  of  destiny,  and  that 
all  his  acts  were  predestined. 

The  Man  of  Destiny  .  .  .  had  power  for  a  time  "to 
bind  kings  with  chains,  and  nobles  with  fetters  of  iron." 
—Sir  W.  Scott. 

Man  of  Feeling  (The),  Harley,  a 
sensitive,  bashful,  kind-hearted,  senti- 
mental sort  of  a  hero. — H.  Mackenzie, 
The  Man  of  Feeling  (1771). 

***  Sometimes  Henry  Mackenzie  is 
himself  called  "The  Man  of  Feeling." 

Man  of  Ross,  John  Kyrle,  of  Ross, 
in  Herefordshire,  distinguished  for  his 
benevolence  and  public  spirit.  "  Richer 
than  miser,  nobler  than  king  or  king- 
polluted  lord." — Pope,  Epistle,  iii.  ("  On 
the  Use  of  Riches,"  1709). 

Man  of  Salt  (^4),  a  man  like  iEne'as, 
always  melting  into  tears  called  "  drops 

of  salt." 

This  would  make  a  man.  a  man  of  salt, 
To  use  his  eyes  for  garden  water-pots. 
Shakespeare,  King  Lear,  act  iv.  sc.  6  (1605). 

Man  of  Sedan,  Napoleon  III.  So 
called  because  he  surrendered  his  sword 
to  William  king  of  Prussia  after  the 
battle  of  Sedan  in  September,  1870. 

(Born  in  the  Rue  Lafitte,  1808  ;  reigned 
1852-1870  ;  died  at  Chiselhurst,  1873.) 

Man  of  Sin  (The),  mentioned  in 
2  Thess.  ii.  3. 

"Whitby  says  the  "Man  of  sin  "  means 
the  Jews  as  a  people. 

Grotius  says  it  means  Caius  Caesar  or 
else  Caligula. 

Wetstein  says  it  is  Titus. 

Olshausen  thinks  it  is  typical  of  some 
one  yet  to  come. 

Roman  Catholics  say  it  means  Anti- 
christ. 

Protestants  think  it  refers  to  the  pope. 

The  Fifth-Monarchy  men  applied  it  to 
Cromwell. 

Man  of  the  Hill,  a  tedious  "her- 
mit of  the  vale,"  introduced  by  Fielding 
into  his  novel  of  Tom  Jones  (1749). 

Man  of  the  Mountain  (Old). 
(See  Koppenberg,  p.  52G.) 


Man  of  the  People,  Charles  James 
Fox  (1749-1806). 

Man  of  the  Sea  (The  Old),  the  man 
who  got  upon  the  shoulders  of  Sindbad 
the  sailor,  and  would  not  get  off  again, 
but  clung  there  with  obstinate  pertinacity 
till  Sindbad  made  him  drunk,  when  he 
was  easily  shaken  off.  Sindbad  then 
crushed  him  to  death  with  a  large  stone. 

"You  had  fallen,"  said  they,  "into  the  hands  of  the 
Old  Man  of  the  Sea.  and  you  are  the  first  whom  he  has  not 
strangled." — Arabian  NighU  ("  Sindbad,"  fifth  voyage). 

Man  of  the  World  (The),  sir  Per- 
tinax  McSycophant,  who  acquires  a  for- 
tune by  "booing"  and  fawning  on  the 
great  and  rich.  He  wants  his  son  Eger- 
ton  to  marry  the  daughter  of  lord  Lum- 
bercourt,  but  Egerton,  to  the  disgust  of 
his  father,  marries  Constantia  the  pro- 
tegee of  lady  McSycophant.  Sir  Pertinax 
had  promised  his  lordship  a  good  round 
sum  of  money  if  the  marriage  was 
effected ;  and  when  this  contretemps 
occurs,  his  lordship  laments  the  loss  of 
money,  "which  will  prove  his  ruin." 
Sir  Pertinax  tells  lord  Lumbcrcourt  that 
his  younger  son  Sandy  will  prove  more 
pliable ;  and  it  is  agreed  that  the  bar- 
gain shall  stand  good  if  Sandy  will 
marry  the  voung  lady, — C.  Macklin,  The 
Man  of  the'  World  (1764). 

***  This  comedy  is  based  on  Voltaire's 
Naninc  (1749). 

Man  without  a  Skin.  Richard 
Cumberland  the  dramatist  was  so  called 
by  Garrick,  because  he  was  so  extremely 
sensitive  that  he  could  not  bear  "  to  .be 
touched "  by  the  finger  of  criticism 
(1732-1811). 

Managarm,  the  most  gigantic  and 
formidable  of  the  race  of  hags.  He 
dwells  in  the  Iron-wood,  Jamvid.  Mana- 
garm will  first  fill  himself  with  the  blood 
of  man,  and  then  will  he  swallow  up  the 
moon.  This  gigantic  hag  symbolises 
War,  and  the  "  Iron-wood  "  in  which  he 
dwells  is  the  wood  of  spears. — Ptoso 
Edda. 

Manchester  (American),  Lowell,  In 
Massachusetts.  So  called  from  its  cotton- 
mills. 

Manchester  of  Belgium,  Ghent. 

Manchester  of  Prussia,  Elber- 
feld.  The  speciality  of  Prussian  Man- 
chester is  its  "Turkey  red."  Krupp  is 
the  chief  manufacturer  there  cf  steel. 

Manchester  Poet  (The),  Charlo* 
Swain,  born  1803. 


MANCIPLE'S   I  U.K. 


M  VNI 


MuiK'ipl.r's    Ta!.\     PhssbaJ  had  a 
erow  which  he  taught  I  t.  mi 

■ 

Il<-    had    also    a 

,"  Cuckoo,     i 
CUCkoO  !M     and     I'lin-hus    a'.ke.l    tin-    1 .1  r.l 
IDOO     It    told    the 

god  that  hie  wife  waa  unfaithful  t<>  him. 
Phaboa,  in  liit  e  1 

and  ihot  his  wife  through  the  heart  ;  bat 
t-i  tin-  liiril   In-  Mid,  "<  u r -•■   "ti  thy   till- 
ill    it    brew 
S  ■    rived   it   <>f   the 

I'liiin- 
«_■•■  from  white  t"  black.  Moral  Be  do 
t  ie,  and 

tliink  upon  the  crow. 

Mr  •on*,  hvvnr,  anl  h*  noon  aactmir 

. 

ITmucct.  dinttrburii  .    IJWft 

"   *  rooia" 

in  tin-  .1/.  fan  -7  .    ... 

Manila':..  tithe 

<  'hiin  -«•  mandarin,  and  mother  of  II 

Haill'! 

up  bj   U  Irl  mdanfi  brou 

Zaphimri  I  under  I 

orphan  prince  and  only  ■arriving 

'  hina. 

I 

TYmurkan'.  was  seized,  and  ordt 

-ave  him, . 
t  tin-  prin.  • 

"orphan  "f   china." 
Timurkan, 

ordered    bol  th,   and    Mandanfl 

with   her   husband   t-. 

' 

Man 

I 

Mir 

ira  f..r   hi« 

■ 

let  of  1  •  ntian,  anil   « 

i  real. 
(liuiH,  an  In.lian  tnl  • 

-hip. 
'  lt»  huffalo  •  Uvk    nor  th*  M  •»  lu>. 
burw  1  Mi 


•.ik».    v  v    OM    who    ilrawi 
.     ■     ■ 

■  U10  inoat  extra. 

•  B  a    iml^ft,    MtnanUte       At   Oif.  .- ' 
Bourierr.' — Huib. 

ifand 

1 

ibul'a  Oi' 

■ 

MM,  the  thin!  year  air. 

(<'iir::  ing. 

.  ■ 
philter. 

hh*i~|»wr.  ot**U.  art  III   M.  I    Itlll 

Mandrioordo.  ^ 

;    was   slam 

io,     a    ki 
adventnree    are    1 

■ 

Mtui'lu.'. 

■  • 


Mi'-  lie 

I. ut  a-  . 


■ 


MANEY. 


604 


rf  lifting  and  knitting  Itself  into  an  expression  that  was 
not  quite  one  of  perplexity,  or  wonder,  or  alarm,  or 
merely  of  bright  fixed  attention,  though  it  included  all 
the  four  expressions.— C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two  Cities, 
I  4  (3859). 

Maney  or  Mannt  (Sir  Walter),  a 
native  of  Belgium,  who  came  to  England 
as  page  to  Philippa  queen  of  Edward  III. 
When  he  first  began  his  career  of  arms, 
he  and  some  young  companions  of  his 
own  age  put  a  black  patch  over  their  left 
eye,  and  vowed  never  to  remove  it  till 
they  had  performed  some  memorable  act 
in  the  French  wars  (died  1372). 

With  whom  our  Maney  here  deservedly  doth  stand. 
Which  first  inventor  was  of  that  courageous  band 
Who  closed  their  left  eyes  up,  as  never  to  be  freed 
!ill  there  they  had  achieved  some  high  adventurous  deed. 
Drayton,  Polyolbwn,  xviii.  (1613). 

Man'fred  (Count),  son  of  Sig'is- 
mund.  He  sells  himself  to  the  prince 
of  darkness,  and  received  from  him  seven 
spirits  to  do  his  bidding.  They  were  the 
spirits  of  "earth,  ocean,  air,  night, 
mountains,  winds,  and  the  star  of  his 
own  destiny."  Wholly  without  human 
sympathies,  the  count  dwelt  in  splendid 
solitude  among  the  Alpine  Mountains. 
He  once  loved  the  beautiful  As'tarte  (2 
syl.),  and,  after  her  murder,  went  to  the 
hall  of  Arima'nGs  to  see  her.  The  spirit 
of  Astarte  informed  him  that  he  would 
die  the  following  day  ;  and  when  asked 
if  she  loved  him,  she  sighed  "  Manfred," 
and  vanished. — Byron,  Manfred  (1817). 

***  Byron  sometimes  makes  Astarte 
two  syllables  and  sometimes  three.  The 
usual  pronunciation  is  As.tar-te. 

Mangerton  (The  laird  of),  John 
Armstrong,  an  old  warrior  who  witnesses 
the  national  combat  in  Liddesdale  valley 
between  his  own  son  (the  Scotch  cham- 
pion) and  Foster  (the  English  champion). 
The  laird's  son  is  vanquished. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  TJic  Laird's  Jock  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Maniche'an  (4  syl.),  a  disciple  of 
Manes  or  Manachee  the  Persian  here- 
siarch.  The  Manicheans  believe  in  two 
opposing  principles — one  of  good  and  the 
other  of  evil.  Theodora,  wishing  to  ex- 
tirpate these  heretics,  put  100,000  of  them 
to  the  sword. 

Yet  would  she  make  full  many  a  Manichean. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  vi.  3  (1824). 

Manicon,  a  species  of  nightshade, 
supposed  to  produce  madness. 

Man'ito  or   Mani'tou,  the  Great 

Spirit  of  the  North  American  Indians. 
These  Indians  acknowledge  two  supreme 
spirits — a  spirit  of  good  and  a  spirit  of 
evil.  The  former  they  call  Gitche- 
llanltu,   aiid    the   latter    Mitclii-Manito. 


MANLY. 

The  good  spirit  is  symbolized  by  an  e^jg, 
and  the  evil  one  by  a  serpent. — Long- 
fellow, Hiawatha,  xiv. 

As  when  the  evil  Manitou  that  dries 
Th*  Ohio  woods,  consumes  them  hi  his  Ire. 
Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  1.  17  (1809). 

Manlius,  surnamed  Torqudtus,  the 
Roman  consul.  In  the  Latin  war,  he 
gave  orders  that  no  Roman,  on  pain  of 
death,  should  engage  in  single  combat. 
One  of  the  Latins  having  provoked 
young  Manlius  by  repeated  insults,  he 
slew  him  ;  but  when  the  young  man  took 
the  spoils  to  his  father,  Manlius  ordered 
him  to  be  put  to  death  for  violating  the 
commands  of  his  superior  officer. — Roman 
Story. 

Man'lius  Capitoli'nus,  consul  of 
Rome  B.C.  392,  then  military  tribune. 
After  the  battle  of  Allia  (390),  seeing 
Rome  in  the  power  of  the  Gauls,  he 
threw  himself  into  the  capitol  with  1000 
men,  surprised  the  Gauls,  and  put  them 
to  the  sword.  It  was  for  this  achieve- 
ment he  was  called  Cajntolinus.  Sub- 
sequently he  was  charged  with  aiming 
at  sovereignty,  and  was  hurled  to  death 
from  the  Tarpeian  Rock. 

%*  Lafosse  (1698)  has  a  tragedy  called 
Manlius  Capitolinus,  and  "  Manlius  "  was 
one  of  the  favourite  characters  of  Talma 
the  French  actor.  Lafosse's  drama  is  an 
imitation  of  Otway's  tragedy  of  Venice 
Preserved  (1682). 

Manly,  the  lover  of  lady  Grace 
Townly  sister-in-law  of  lord  Townly. 
Manly  is  the  cousin  of  sir  Francis 
Wronghcad,  whom  he  saves  from  utter 
ruin.  He  is  noble,  judicious,  upright, 
and  sets  all  things  right  that  are  going 
wrong. — Vanbrugh  and  Cibber,  The  Pro- 
voked Husband  (1728). 

The  address  and  manner  of  Dennis  Delane  [1700-17531 
were  easy  and  i >olite ;  and  he  excelled  in  the  well-bred 
man,  such  as  "  Manly." — T.  Davies. 

Manly,  "the  plain  dealer."  An  honest, 
surly  sea-captain,  who  thinks  every  one 
a  rascal,  and  believes  himself  to  be  no 
better.  Manly  forms  a  good  contrast  to 
Olivia,  who  is  a  consummate  hypocrite 
of  most  unblushing  effrontery. 

"Counterfeit  honours,"  says  Manly,  "will  not  be 
current  with  me.  I  weigh  the  man,  not  his  titles.  'Tu 
not  the  king's  stamp  can  make  the  metal  better  or 
heavier."— Wycherly,  The  Main  Dealer,  1. 1  (1677). 

%*  Manly,  the  plain  dealer,  is  a  copy 
of  Moliere's  "Misanthrope,"  the  prototype 
of  which  was  the  due  de  Montausier, 

Manly  (Captain),  the  fiance"  of  Ara- 
bella ward  of  justice  Day  and  an 
heiress. 


MANLY. 


Il.t.F'. 


Jr»Wi    !  like  him  much     I  r  »'    .»  fialn  u«4  liono*. 
lain     I'Lalu  cii.<jKh.  In  all  <■■■<■ 

1    |      .  M*j  Thl—*. 

.  ii  bluff,  li 
to    whom    honour   is    dearer    than    life. 
|  ilivre, 

:ns  /nu-i  |  I  . 

Mann   (JsYs.).  a  di  ruping 

,  who  kepi  u  brooch  workhouse, 
ehildreo    wire    farmed.      Oliver 

her  chihi   farm.      Mr-. 

Mann  dly  starred  the  children 

pla.-.-.l    nrnliT    her    chur_-i\  -<  .    Dickoia, 

Mannan  I    ol    retribution. 

The  word  in  Italian  means  "an  axe,*1 

All  in  »  Irml.U-  ni-.mriil  i-amn  the  |.l..w 
Tim  l»al  .!..» 
O    llir  r 

.. 

01   Uw  »ior>    .  . 

M.mnoring  (Guy)  or  colonel   Man- 
nerin^. 

Ifannermg    !»>•>    S..|ihi.a    rVell- 
a  I  lay  Mannering, 

i      Maniirrtnl,     daOghtCI     of     (lllV. 

sin-  marrii 

.  but  w ill  deserving  the 
kindest  regards  the  drama- 

•    Goy 

A  .    Scott,    'i'i  i     '■ 

II.. 

ftnermg  has 
Iramatind  by  I  *nnii  I  I  arry. 

Mano'a,  the  fabulous   capital   of  11 
Dora'd  which  cil 

r.".f.-,|    *  itli    go]  :. 

■•  l  on  the  •■■■  f  lake 

I'srime,  nt  the  niutiUi  of  a  large  river. 

Manmi  l'Escaut,  the  her 

French  novel  entitled  // 

;  \.    1   . 

I  r  mis- 

: 

ami  rum  the  chevalier  des  Urieux,  who 

nmrri'  - 

■   faith- 
ful w  r  ■  I  into 
hmciit,  ami  ilu*  by  hi* 
side  m  the  wil.i*  of  America. 
I  bs  objed  of  I 

I 
.  arted,  h"W 

I 

r:l    14     in     lnvc    with     him,    ! 


count  entertains  a  base  pa»- 

demns  him  to  oath.  i 

him    if    h« 
will  f\  i  "  tnrieo.     H< 

!'iit    while   he   gOSSJ   to    rrle.i- 

"nc|.:.' 

rin^    ami    >1 

this,  dies  also.  -  \ 

<>|>erii,   1  - 

Man's,  a  fashionable  coffee-house  in 
the  r. ago  Of  fharh •-   1  I. 

Mil  i 

of  Chai  He  is  also  called  the 

"  knight  of  Slain 
Mansu:l  •  utenant   of 

I 

■I,  wife  of 
;t,  Fbrtin  .lames 

I. 

Mansfield   |  ■  bu- 

□ 

offered  Henry  VIII.  h 
had  l">t  himsell  in  a  hu 
The  mi  bed  with 

. 
courtiers  were  br     .  ' 

John  Cockle,     lb 

of    !!"• 

1 

II.,  ami  then  I 

Bred,  and  gott  out  i-< 
when  ' 

■ 

him   home.      In  tl 
rub*  1. 

miller,  •    • 

When   tiie  miller    I 

■ 
kins    him    r  M« 

urn    fi>r    i 
but   t<  ll«   him   <>n 

. 
■ 

■ 
I 

•     . 

.  ,  1 

c 

•  gun,"    h. 


MANSUR. 


606 


MARCELLA. 


bring  down  his  date  to  more  modern 
times,  and  none  of  the  Henrys  between 
Henry  II.  and  Henry  VIII.  would  be  the 
least  likely  to  indulge  in  such  a  prank.) 

Mansur  (Elijah),  a  warrior,  prophet, 
And  priest,  who  taught  a  more  tolerant 
form  of  Islam,  but  not  being  an  orthodox 
Moslem,  he  was  condemned  to  impri- 
sonment in  the  bowels  of  a  mountain. 
Mansur  is  to  re-appear  and  wave  his 
conquering  sword,  to  the  terror  of  the 
Muscovite. — Milner,  Gallery  of  Geo- 
graphy, 781.     (See  Barbarossa.) 

Mantacci'ni,  a  charlatan,  who  pro- 
fessed to  restore  the  dead  to  life. 

Mantali'ni  (Madame),  a  fashionable 
milliner  near  Cavendish  Square,  London. 
She  dotes  upon  her  husband,  and  supports 
him  in  idleness. 

Mr.  Mantalini,  the  husband  of  madame ; 
he  is  a  man-doll  and  cockney  fop,  noted 
for  his  white  teeth,  his  minced  oaths, 
and  his  gorgeous  morning  gown.  This 
"exquisite"  lives  on  his  wife's  earnings, 
and  thinks  he  confers  a  favour  on  her  by 
lavishing  her  money  on  his  selfish  in- 
dulgences.— C.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nicklcby 
(1838). 

Mantle  (The  Boy  and  the).  One  day, 
a  little  boy  presented  himself  before  king 
Arthur,  and  showed  him  a  curious  mantle 
"  which  would  become  no  wife  that  was 
not  leal "  to  her  true  lord.  The  queen 
tried  it  on,  but  it  changed  its  colour  and 
fell  into  shreds  ;  sir  Kay's  lady  tried  it 
on,  but  with  no  better  success ;  others 
followed,  but  only  sir  Cradock's  wife 
could  wear  it. — Percy,  Reliques. 

Mantuan  (The),  that  is,  Baptista 
Spag'nolus,  surnamed  Mantua'nus,  from 
the  place  of  his  birth.  He  wrote  poems 
and  eclogues  in  Latin.  His  works  were 
translated  into  English  by  George  Tuber- 
ville  in  1567.     He  lived  1443-1516. 

Ah,  Rood  old  Mantuan  I  I  may  speak  of  thee  as  the 
traveller  doth  of  Venice  : 

Vinegia,  Vinegia, 
Chi  mon  te  vede,  ei  non  te  pregia. 
Shakespeare.  Love's  Labour's  Lost,  act  iv.  sc.  2  (1594). 

Mantuan  Swan  (The),  Virgil,  a 
native  of  Mantua  (is.c.  70-19). 

Mantua  me  genuit ;  Cidabri  rapuere ;  tenet  nunc 
Parthenope ;  cecini  pascua,  rura,  duces. 

On  Viri/il's  Tomb  (composed  by  himself). 
Ages  elapsed  ere  Homer's  lamp  appeared  ; 
And  ages  ere  the  Mantuan  Swan  was  heard. 

Ck>wper. 

Ma'nucodia'ta,  a  bird  resembling  a 
■wallow,  found  in  the  Molucca  Islands. 
"It  has  no  feet,  and  though  the  body  is 
not  bijucer  than  that  of  a  swallow,   the 


span  of  its  wings  is  equal  to  that  of  an 
eagle.  These  birds  never  approach  the 
earth,  but  the  female  lays  her  eggs  on 
the  back  of  the  male,  and  hatches  them 
in  her  own  breast.  They  live  on  the  dew 
of  heaven,  and  eat  neither  animal  nor 
vegetable  food." — Cardan,  De  Eerum 
Varietate  (1557). 

Less  pu :ie  the  footless  fowl  of  heaven,  that  never 
Rest  upon  earth,  but  on  the  wing  for  ever. 
Hovering  o'er  flowers,  their  fragrant  food  iobala. 
Drink  the  descending  dew  upon  the  way. 
And  sleep  aloft  while  SoaUng  on  the  gale. 

Southey,  Cur$e  of  Kehama,  xxL  6  (1809). 

Manuel  du  Sosa,  governor  of 
Lisbon,  and  brother  of  Guiomar  (mother 
of  the  vainglorious  Duarte,  3  syl.). — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  of 
the  Country  (1647). 

Mapp  (Mrs.),  bone-setter.  She  was 
born  at  Epsom,  and  at  one  time  was  very 
rich,  but  she  died  in  great  poverty  at  her 
lodgings  in  Seven  Dials,  1737. 

%*  Hogarth  has  introduced  her  in  his 
heraldic  picture,  "  The  Undertakers' 
Arms."  She  is  the  middle  of  the  three 
figures  at  the  top,  the  other  two  being 
Dr.  Ward  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
spectator,  and  Dr.  Taylor  on  the  left. 

Maqueda,  the  queen  of  the  South, 
who  visited  Solomon,  and  had  by  him  a 
son  named  Melech. — Zaga  Zabo,  Ap. 
Damian  a  Goes. 

%*  Maqueda  is  generally  called  Balkls 
queen  of  Saba  or  Zaba. 

Marcassin  (Prince).  This  nursery 
tale  is  from  the  Nights,  of  Straporola,  an 
Italian  (sixteenth  century).  Translated 
into  French  in  1585. 

Marce'lia,  the  "Desdemona"  of 
Massinger's  Duke  of  Milan.  Sforza 
"the  More"  doted  on  his  young  bride, 
and  Marcelia  returned  his  love.  During 
Sforza's  absence  at  the  camp,  Francesco, 
"  the  lord  protector,"  tried  to  seduce  the 
young  bride  from  her  fidelity,  and,  fail- 
ing in  his  purpose,  accused  her  to  the  duke 
of  wishing  to  play  the  wanton.  "I 
laboured  to  divert  her  .  .  .  urged  your 
much  love  .  .  .  but  hourly  she  pursued 
me."  The  duke,  in  a  paroxysm  of  jea- 
lousy, flew  on  Marcelia  and  slew  her. — 
Massinger,  The  Duke  of  Milan  (1622). 

Marcelia,  daughter  of  William  a 
farmer.  Her  father  and  mother  died 
while  she  was  young,  leaving  her  in 
charge  of  an  uncle.  She  was  "the 
most  beautiful  creature  ever  sent  into  the 
world,"  and  every  bachelor  who  saw  her 
fell  madly  in  love  with  her,  but  she  de- 
clined their  suits.     One  of  her  lovers  was 


MA  K<  T.U.I  \   hk  IT.YKAS. 


607 


ftfARDI-GI 


Chrytostorn,  the  favourite  of  the  village, 
who  died  of  disappointed  hope,  and  the 
shepherda    wrote    on    1 1  i  -+     tomb 

n'a  fate,  lean  to  abhor 
ICarcella,  thai  common  enemy  "f  man, 
whose  beauty  and  cruelty  are  both  in 
the  extreme.*1  -Cervantes,  Don  Q 

I.  ii.  4,  B  (I 

Marcellin  do  Peyras.  The  cheva- 
lier to  whom  the  baron  de  Peyra 
up  lii>i  eetatea  when  he  retired  to  <  Srenoble. 
De  Peyrai  eloped  with  lady  Ernestine, 
bat  toon  tired  of  her,  and  fell  i"  love  with 
ni-1  ocosin  Margaret,  the  baron's  daugh- 
ter.— H.  Stirling,  r  The 

AlUlrr  ■   ,\). 

Marcelli'na,    daughter    of     l: 
Jailer  of  the  State  prison  of  Seville.     She 
fell   in  love  with    Fidelio,    her    father's 
servant ;  bat  this  Pidelio  tamed  oul  to  be 

Leonora,  wife  of  the  State  pria it  Fer- 

oando  Plorestan.— Beethoven,  Fidelia  (an 
opera,  L791). 

Marcello,  in   Keyerbeer'a  opera  of 
ti,  unites  in  marriage  Valen- 
ti'n.i  and  BaooJ  1 1 

•  he  pseudonym  of  the  •' 

olooaa,  widow  of  the 
due  Charles  de  CastigHond  Aldiovandi. 
The  heal  works  of  tins  noted  sculptor 
arc  "The  Gorgon,"  ".Mane  Antoinette," 
"  Hecate,"  ana  the  "Pythia"in  bronze. 
Born  i 

Marcollus     (M.     Qaudnu),     called 
u  The  Sword  of  Rome."     Pabiaa  "Cunc- 

Uti.r"  was  "'I  lie  Shield  <.f  Rome." 

MareeFlus,  an  officer  of  Denmark,  to 
win. in  the  ghost  "f  the  murdered  king  ep- 
hefi.ro  it  presented  itself  t.>  prince 
Hamlet.— Shakespeare,  flaw 

Murchion088  (  The),  the  half  starved 

girl-of  all-work,  in  the  service  of  Samp- 
eon  Brass  and  ins  sister  Sally.     ~~ 
»<>  lonesome  and  dull,  that  it  afforded  her 
relief   t.>  peep    at    Mr.   ,s»  ivelli  i 
through  the  kej  hole  of  his  door.    1 
so  dirty  and  ill  oared   f..r,  "the   roar- 
chioni  .id  cunning. 

It    was     Mr.    ,"s«  , 

with    him,    "because    ii 

BSOre   real   and   pli  .Mill    a 

march  with  >  doi 

(eh.   h  ii.  .     \\  i. -ii    l  >iek  >.\ 
turned   away  and   fell  sick,  the   "mar- 
chioness" nursed  him  carefjlly,  and  he 
tfterv  I  her.— C.  L) 


M&rchmont 

ol     Julia    sfannerin 

Scott,  II.  . 

Marcian.  ar 

Of    l'.i:  .  f 

time,  RaJ 

Maruk  .     French 

nobleman,  i 
Ardent 

t,  Qtuutui  1'uricard  (linn;  Kdward 
IV., 

MarclifFe    (/ 
of    William    Godwin    (autlior   at 

Mar  Romanic  War,  a  war  i 
on  bj  the  Uarcoraanni, 
ship  of  Marobodnus,  who  made  I  ' 

master   of    Bohemia,    •  M       boduos 

was  defeated  by  Arminius,  end  hu 

tion  broken  up  | \.i>.  20  .  In  the 
second  Christian  centorj  ■  new  war  Im.ke 
out  between  the  Marcomanni  anil  the 
R ana,  which  la  i.    In 

A.I).      ! 

-,  and  the  war  : 

Marc  is  do  Obret*on.  tl 
from  win. 
• 
Vicente  Bspincl,  Vida 

i 

Marculf,  in  th( 
mom  and  MarmUf,  ■  fool  who  out* 

•  l  by  kn:i . 
The  earliest  I  the  poem  ■ 

in  a  Qerman  mm  of  th<  i.tury. 

Marcus,  son  | 

warm-hearted,    Impulsh 

stely  in  love  «  ith  Lu<    . 

of      I. ueilis  ;      but      '• 

temperate  brother,  Portias. 

shun    I 
vaded  I 

Mux-ui  It  furl,  .n    wtl.l  In  hit  mmplalnt*; 

I  hf*»  anli   .  ft»l. 

Aifei  irvmMc  at  l.u  NhMi 

M.mli-Or  i.s 

.1,   noted    ||. 

■ 
which  I    alw 

lh  nit  bon 

til  let    r 

■ 
all  sorts  ,,f  tin  in-- 

follow,  and  he: 

1  .*  Ml  !••«*. 


MARDONIUS. 


608 


MARGARET  CATCHPOLE. 


Pour  les  metier  aux  Tuilerles, 

A'l  Mardi-Gras,  devant  le  roi 

Et  puis  les  veudre  aux  boucberies. 
J  'aiiue  Jeanne  nia  femme,  eh.  ha !  j'aimerais  mieux 
La  voir  mourir  que  voir  mourir  mes  bceufs. 

Pierre  IJupont,  f.ei  BmuH. 

Mardonius  (Captain),  in  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher's  drama  called  A  King  or 
No  King  (1619). 

Mareschal  of  Mareschal  "Wells 
(Young),  one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators, 
under  the  leadership  of  Mr.  Richard  Yere 
laird  of  Ellieslaw.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
black  Dvcvrf  (time,  Anne). 

Marfi'sa,  an  Indian  queen. — Bojardo, 
Orlando  Innamorato  (1495),  and  Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Marforio's  Statue.  This  statue 
Lea  on  the  ground  in  Rome,  and  was  at  one 
time  used  for  libels,  lampoons,  and  jests, 
but  was  never  so  much  used  as  Pasquin's. 

Margar'elon  (4  syl.),  a  Trojan  hero 
of  modern  fable,  who  performed  deeds  of 
marvellous  bravery.  Lydgate,  in  his  Boke 
of  Troy  (1513),  calls  him  a  son  of  Priam. 
According  to  this  authority,  Margarelon 
attacked  Achilles,  and  fell  by  his  hand. 

Margaret,  only  child  and  heiress  of 
sir  Giles  Overreach.  Her  father  set  his 
heart  on  her  marrying  lord  Lovel,  for  the 
summit  of  his  ambition  was  to  see  her  a 
peeress.  But  Margaret  was  modest,  and 
could  see  no  happiness  in  ill-assorted 
marriages  ;  so  she  remained  faithful  to 
Tom  Allworth,  the  man  of  her  choice. 
— Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay  Old 
Debts  (1628). 

Margaret,  wife  of  Vandunke  (2  syl.) 
the  drunken  burgomaster  of  Bruges. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Beggars' 
Bush  (1622). 

Margaret  (Ladye),  "  the  flower  of 
Teviot,"  daughter  of  the  duchess  Mar- 
garet and  lord  Walter  Scott  of  Branksome 
Hall.  The  ladve  Margaret  was  beloved 
by  Henry  of  Cranstown,  whose  family 
had  a  deadly  feud  with  that  of  Scott. 
One  day,  the  elfin  page  of  lord  Cranstown 
enveigled  the  heir  of  Branksome  Hall 
(then  a  lad)  into  the  woods,  where  the 
boy  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Southerners. 
The  captors  then  marched  with  3000  men 
against  the  castle  of  the  widowed  duchess, 
but  being  told  by  a  spy  that  Douglas, 
with  10,000  men,  was  coming  to  the 
rescue,  an  arrangement  was  made  to 
decide  by  single  combat  whether  the  boy 
should  br-ome  king  Edward's  page,  or  be 
delivered  up  into  the  hands  of  his  mother. 
The  English  champion  (sir  Richard  Mus- 
grave)  fell  by  the  hand  of  sir  William 


Deloraine,  and  the  boy  was  delivered  to 
his  mother.  It  was  then  discovered  that 
sir  William  was  in  reality  lord  Cranstown, 
who  claimed  and  received  the  hand  of  the 
fair  Margaret  as  his  reward. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel  (1805). 

Mar' gar  et,  the  heroine  of  Goethe's  Faust. 
Faust  first  encounters  her  on  her  return 
from  church,  falls  in  love  with  her,  and 
seduces  her.  Overcome  with  shame,  she 
destroys  the  infant  to  which  she  gives 
birth,  and  is  condemned  to  death.  Faust 
attempts  to  save  her,  and,  gaining  ad- 
mission to  her  cell,  finds  her  huddled  up 
on  a  bed  of  straw,  singing,  like  Ophelia, 
wild  snatches  of  ancient  ballads,  her 
reason  faded,  and  her  death  at  hand. 
Faust  tries  to  persuade  the  mad  girl  to 
flee  with  him,  but  in  vain.  At  last  the 
day  of  execution  arrives,  and  with  it 
Mephistoph'eles,  passionless  and  grim. 
Faust  is  hurried  off,  and  Margaret  is  left 
to  her  fate.  Margaret  is  often  called  by 
the  pet  diminutive  "Gretchen,"  and  in 
the  opera  "  Margheri'ta  "  (q.v.). — Goethe, 
Faust  (1790). 

Shakespeare  has  drawn  no  such  portrait  as  that  of  Mar. 
garet ;  no  such  peculiar  anion  of  passion,  simplicity, 
homeliness,  and  witchery.  The  poverty  and  inferior  social 
position  of  Margaret  are  never  lost  sight  of — she  never  be 
comes  an  abstraction.  It  is  love  alone  which  exalts  her 
above  her  station.— Lewes. 

Margaret  Catchpole,  a  Suffolk 
celebrity,  born  at  Nacton,  in  that  county, 
in  1773  ;  the  title  and  heroine  of  a  tale  by 
the  Rev.  R.  Cobbold.  She  falls  in  love 
with  a  smuggler  named  Will  Laud,  and 
in  1797,  in  order  to  reach  him,  steals  a 
horse  from  Mr.  J.  Cobbold,  brewer,  of 
Ipswich,  in  whose  service  she  had  lived 
much  respected.  She  dresses  herself 
in  the  groom's  clothes,  and  makes  her 
way  to  London,  where  she  is  detected 
while  selling  the  horse,  and  is  put  in 
prison.  She  is  sentenced  to  death  at  the 
Suffolk  assizes — a  sentence  afterwards 
commuted  to  one  of  seven  years'  transpor- 
tation. Owing  to  a  difficulty  in  sending 
prisoners  to  New  South  Wales,  she  ia 
confined  in  Ipswich  jail ;  but  from  here 
she  makes  her  escape,  joins  Laud,  who 
is  shot  in  her  defence.  Margaret  is  re- 
captured, and  again  sentenced  to  death, 
which  is  for  the  second  time  commuted 
to  transportation,  this  time  for  life,  and 
she  arrives  at  Port  Jackson  in  1801. 
Here,  by  her  good  behaviour,  she  obtains 
a  free  pardon,  and  ultimately  marries  a 
former  lover  named  John  Barry,  who  had 
emigrated  and  risen  to  a  high  position  in 
the  colony.  She  died,  much  respected, 
in  the  year  1841. 


M  \K«..\!:l  I    FINCH. 


IIKKI1  \   I'l   \ 


Marnjin-t     Knch, 

rn    m    Bull 
ainl   dual 

on  Un  chin  on  li<  i 

araa  bu 

Margaret      Gibson,     afterwarda 

callr.l     I'.tttm,    n     fin.  I k, 

win  i  w    LI 

■•  wu5  bom  in  the  reign  of  queen 
!  ind  died  Jum  .  either 

Margaret  Lamhurn,   "nr  of  the 
• 

undertook    I  ■  )iu    death   of  bar 

n-viil  n. i  treaa.  I"r  this  end, 

in  mu-L  ..i|  i-.'irrinl  two  |  i 

one   tn   ahoot  queen    I  li  abcth   and   the 

other   hi  r.  if.  She    bad    n 

in  .  a    WM    walking, 

wln:i  aha  accidentally  dropped  om 

I 

queen,    end    frantically    told    h.  r 

\ 

..  ••  \  judge 
would  coodi  nut  i 
be  more  roj  :il  t" 



tin-  fanatie. 

Mi:  htcrof  Mar- 

tha  miller   "f   •■r.  m 

Mirln.  |  • 

Ma:  |uare, 

niilv    child     of  >  "I 

Bj  ■- 

'  ki"tf 

\\.      ■   !'       1    I .         1 II  d . 

■ 

ballad    by 

•ant  '     -  fair,  her  ll| 

•u«l     t<» 
*h   and    iln-.      Hi  r    , ■>!■  -t    .-. 

mad,  hied 


'  and 

W»  rfuill  !.».»  !..IU.li  Hk     '  nalkk 

.    .lau.  d 

Mn: 
Robin.     Hi  r  r*th<  r  *  as 

a    ball  i 

1  It 

■  irn,  ami   n 

i-law, 

H  lli'lt 

n 

Mil: 

i     ■ 

win  i      i 

buaband, 
mi   a  mill 
can  tw  i-t  round  b<  r  thumb  i 

|, ut    n  »n   he 

bimeelf  tl  • 
with  p 

oh  ,li. ' 

11.  . 

I 

I 

■ 


ball    di 


|  a 


MARGIANA. 


610 


MARIA. 


Meyerbeer,  Les  Huguenots  or  Gli  Ugonotti 
(1836). 

%*  Francois  I.  used  to  call  her  La 
Marguerite  des  Marguerites  ("The  Pearl 
of  Pearls"). 

Margia'na  (Queen),  a  mussulman, 
and  mortal  enemy  of  the  fire-worshippers. 
Prince  Assad  became  her  slave,  but,  being 
6tolen  by  the  crew  of  Behram,  was 
tarried  off.  The  queen  gave  chase  to  the 
ship  ;  Assad  was  thrown  overboard,  and 
swam  to  shore.  The  queen  with  an  army 
demanded  back  her  slave,  discovered  that 
Assad  was  a  prince,  and  that  his  half- 
brother  was  king  of  the  city  to  which 
6he  had  come ;  whereupon  she  married 
him,  and  carried  him  home  to  her  own 
dominions. — Arabian  Arights  ("  Amgiad 
and  Assad  "). 

Margutte  (3  syl.),  a  low-minded, 
vulgar  giant,  ten  feet  high,  with  enor- 
mous appetite  and  of  the  grossest  sen- 
suality, lie  died  of  laughter  on  seeing  a 
monkey  pulling  on  his  boots. — Pulci, 
Morgante  Maggiore  (1488). 

Chalchas,  the  Homeric  soothsayer,  died 
of  laughter.     (See  Laughter.) 

Marhaus  (Sir),  a  knight  of  the 
Round  Table,  a  king's  son,  and  brother 
of  the  queen  of  Ireland.  When  sir 
Mark  king  of  Cornwall  refused  to  pay 
truage  to  Anguish  king  of  Ireland,  sir 
Marhaus  was  sent  to  defy  sir  Mark  and 
all  his  knights  to  single  combat.  No  one 
durst  go  against  him  ;  but  Tristram  said, 
if  Mark  would  knight  him,  he  would 
defend  his  cause.  In  the  combat,  sir 
Tristram  was  victorious.  With  his 
eword  he  cut  through  his  adversary's 
helmet  and  brain-pan,  and  his  sword 
stuck  so  fast  in  the  bone  that  he  had  to 
pull  thrice  before  he  could  extricate  it. 
Sir  Marhaus  contrived  to  get  back  to 
Ireland,  but  soon  died. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  ii.  7,  8  (1470). 

%*  Sir  Marhaus  carried  a  white  shield  ; 
but  as  he  hated  women,  twelve  damsels 
spat  thereon,  to  show  how  they  dis- 
honoured him. — Ditto,  pt.  i.  75. 

Maria,  a  lad)    in  attendance  on  the 

[•rincess  of  France.  Longaville,  a  young 
ord  in  the  suite  of  Ferdinand  king  of 
Navarre,  asks  her  to  marry  him,  but  she 
defers  her  answer  for  twelve  months. 
To  this  Longaville  replies,  "  I'll  stay 
with  patience,  but  the  time  is  long ;"  and 
Maria  makes  answer,  "  The  liker  you  ; 
few  taller  are  so  young." — Shakespeare, 
Love's  Labour's  Lost  (1504). 


Maria,  the  waiting-woman  of  the 
countess  Olivia. — Shakespeare,  Twelfth 
Night  (1614). 

Maria,  wife  of  Frederick  the  un- 
natural and  licentious  brother  of  Al- 
phonso  king  of  Naples.  She  is  a  virtuous 
lady,  and  appears  in  strong  contrast  to 
her  infamous  husband. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  A  Wife  for  a  Month  (1624). 

Maria,  daughter  and  only  child  of 
Thorowgood  a  wealthy  London  merchant. 
She  is  in  love  with  George  Barnwell,  her 
father's  apprentice  ;  but  George  is  exe- 
cuted for  robbery  and  murder. — George 
Lillo,  George  Barnwell  (1732). 

A  dying  man  sent  for  Daviil  Ross  the  actor  [1728-1790], 
and  addressed  him  thus:  "Some  forty  years  ago,  like 
4  George  Barnwell,'  I  wronged  my  master  to  supply  the 
unbounded  extravagance  of  a  '  Millwood.'  I  took  her  to 
see  your  performance,  which  so  shocked  me  that  1  vowed 
to  break  the  connection  and  return  to  the  path  of  virtue. 
I  kept  my  resolution,  replaced  the  money  I  had  stolen, 
and  found  a  'Maria'  in  my  master's  daughter.  ...  I 
have  now  left  jEIPOO  affixed  to  your  name  in  my  will  and 
testament." — l'eiham.  Chronicle*  nf  Crime. 

Maria,  the  ward  of  sir  Peter  Teazle. 
She  is  in  love  with  Charles  Surface, 
whom  she  ultimately  marries. — Sheridan, 
School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

Maria,  u  the  maid  of  the  Oaks," 
brought  up  as  the  ward  of  Oldworth  of 
Oldworth  Oaks,  but  is  in  reality  his 
daughter  and  heiress.  Maria  is  engaged 
to  sir  Harry  Groveby,  and  Hurry  says, 
"  She  is  the  most  charmingest,  sweetest, 
delightfulest,  mildest,  beautifulest,  mo- 
destest,  genteelest  young  creature  in  the 
world."— J.  Burgoyne,  Tike  Maid  of  the 
Oaks. 

Maria,  a  maiden  whose  banns  were 
forbidden  "  by  the  curate  of  the  parish 
who  published  them  ; "  in  consequence  of 
which,  Maria  lost  her  wits,  and  used 
to  sit  on  the  roadside  near  Moulines 
(2  syl.),  playing  on  a  pipe  vesper  hymns 
to  the  Virgin.  She  led  by  a  ribbon  a 
little  dog  named  Silvio,  of  which  she 
was  very  jealous,  for  at  one  time  she  had 
a  favourite  goat,  that  forsook  her. — 
Sterne,  Sentimental  Journey  (1768). 

Maria,  a  foundling,  discovered  by 
Sulpizio  a  sergeant  of  the  11th  regi- 
ment of  Napoleon's  Grand  Army,  and 
adopted  by  the  regiment  as  their  daugh- 
ter. Tonio,  a  Tyrolese,  saved  her  life 
and  fell  in  love  with  her,  but  just  as  they 
were  about  to  be  married  the  marchioness 
of  Berkenlield  claimed  the  foundling  as 
her  own  daughter,  and  the  suttler-girl 
had  to  quit  the  regiment  for  the  castle 
After  a  time,  the  cast!*  was  taken  by  the 


MARIA. 

French,  and  although  the  marchioness 
ha<l  promised  Marin  in  marriage  to 
another,  she  consented  t<>  her  union  with 
Tonio,  who  iiiui  risen  t<>  the  rank  of  a 
Beld-officer. —  Donizetti]  La  Hjlia  cLl 
Ktggintmto  (an  opera,  1*-10). 

Maria  rDolavall.flHu^htfriifiN.i.ini-l 
DelavaL  Plighted  to  Mr.  Versatile,  bnt 
just  previous  to  the  marriage  Mr.  Versa- 
tile, liy  the  death  of  his  father,  came 
into  a  large  fortune  and  baronetcy.  The 
marriage  whs  deferred ;  Mr.  (now  sir 
George]  Versatile  went  abroad,  and  became 
a  man  of  fashion.  They  met,  the  attach- 
ment was  renewed,  and  the  marriage 
consummated. 

H« IW  and   nulla   |.Liyn1   u|«m   lirr  MS    • 

of  bar  frirn.U.  the  admiration  of  the 

wurUi,nii<l  tlnMv"  Lotanof  f,.rtnno  and 

intended  f..r  h.  r  band,  t«it  tlio  Iia.1  l«..t.,»..i  ha 
lio^rL  -lloLrwft.  lle'i  Much  I.,  lil.tme.  r.  J  ilT'JO). 

Maria  [Wii.i>t\<.],  daughter  of  sir 
Jasper  Wilding.    She  is    in    love  with 
Beaufort;  and  being  promised  inmarri 
against  her  will  to  George  Philpot,  dis- 
gusts   him    purposely    by   her  sillii 
George   refuses  to   marry   her,   and 
gives  hei   hand  to   Beaufort. — Murphy, 
■  (.  1 767j. 

Maria  Thoresa  Panza,  wife  of 
Bancho  Panza.  She  is  sometimes  called 
Maria,     and     son  .. — Cer- 

vantes, D  n  Q*  i  ■■ 

Mariano  Foreu  (Lt).  Bganarelle, 
a  rich  man  of  64,  promises  marriage  to 
Dorimene  (.'!  *y/.),  a  girl  under  80,  but, 

having  scruples  about  the  matter,  consults 

his     friend,    tWO     philosophers,    and     the 
gipsies,  from  n.me  of  whom  ean  I btain 

any   practicable  advice.     At   length,    he 
overhears  Dorimene  telling  a  young  lover 

I  nly  marries  the  old  man  for  his 

money,  and   Unit  he  cannot    live  above  a 

few  uths  ;  so  the  old  man  goes  t.>  the 

father,  and  declines  the  alliance.     (  »n  this, 

■•or  sends  his  ^. . 1 1  to  Bganarelle. 

The    young    man    takes    with     him     two 

■words,  and  with  the  utmost  politeness 

and   .si/i./   '  choose 

When  tin'  old  man  declini 
■   e  young  man  rives  him  a  thorough 
•   drubbing,    and    again    with    the   utmost 
•  -  the  old   man   I 
•ice.     ( »n  his  again  declinii 
so,  be  is  again  beaten,  and  at   Is 
•  to  ratify  the  man  '         ■  re,  It 

\  Maria 

Muriain:.' 

lor    and    w 
Herod  "  :   •  I  .r»  a.  '     Uaruunnc   ■ 


611  MAR] 


mother   Of    Alexander    and    Aristobo/lua, 

both  of  whom  Herod  put  to  death  in  a 

fit  of  jealousy,  and  then  Ml  into  a  state 
of  morbid  ma 

lie   ta«    Marian.:. 
for  her 

%•  This  baa  be  n   d  id\ 

• .  .     \ .    I 
Mario 
mite, 
Marianute  i  I  i 

Marian,  "the  Muses'  only  darling," 
is    Mar  •  in  I    cou  •■    -    of    <  !uml 
sister  of  Anne  counts 

'  Irian,  the  Miuui'  only  .lvlliif. 
-•antjr  ihlnpth  «.i  tlir  morning  d<«r. 
With  lllvrr  clrw  Upon  Oir  n.--.  paai 

S|«iucr.  Cutin  Clout  m  i\j<nx   II   -m  a  j  t,n  (IMS). 

Marian,  "  the  ;  .  I,"  in  love 

with     <  olin     Clout      who     |i  . 
Marian    sings    a   ditty   of  dole,    in 

she  ban 

gave  her  once  a  kn;f.-,  but  ••  woe 

for   knives,   they  tell  •  ■  .   sever 

love." 

Mar  .  lughter"  i 

wrecker,    ai 

young   sailor.      M;<    was   fair    in    \ 

loving,  ami  holy.      I»ur 

Edward 

went  to  the  coast  to  look  I 

Marian   followed    him,   and   ; 

DM  one  M.V 

r  1 
Morris.      Her    father    I  i    up. 

Marian    gave   evidi  ..    nml 

Norn-   now    told    Marian    he 

her  fathex  if  she  a 

She    made    the    promise,    but 

the  mi-  ry  of  th<    man   i 

of   Norn-,  for  inn: 
I 

Marian'*,  ■  low  ry  and  I  - 
betrotl  • 

of  Vincentio  the  duk< 
■  his  lord  deputv.      II 
to  the  duke  wholly  un- 

rivalled 


duke    of     Milan,    and    \» 

his   chief   n 

;'   lord  O    • 

taki  u    j  ush,   and    is 


MARIANA. 


612 


MARIDUNUM. 


love  with  Arnold  (friend  of  the  Black 
Prince).  Just  before  the  battle  of  Poi- 
tiers, thinking  the  English  cause  hope- 
less, Mariana  induces  Arnold  to  desert  ; 
but  lord  Cbarney  will  not  receive  him. 
Arnold  returns  to  the  English  camp,  and 
dies  ia  the  battle.  Lord  Charney  is  also 
slain,  and  Mariana  dies  distracted. — 
Shirley,  Edward  the  Black  Prince  (1640). 

Mariana,  the  young  lady,  that  Lovegold 
the  miser  wished  to  marry.  As  Manana 
I  was  in  love  with  the  miser's  son  Frede- 
rick, she  pretended  to  be  extravagant  and 
deeply  in  debt,  which  so  affected  the  old 
hunks,  that  he  gave  her  £2000  to  be  let 
off  the  bargain.  Of  coure  she  assented, 
and  married  Frederick. — H.  Fielding, 
The  Miser. 

Mariana,  the  daughter  of  a  Swiss 
burgher,  "the  most  beautiful  of  women." 
"Her  gentleness  a  smile  without  a  smile, 
a  sweetness  of  look,  speech,  act."  Leo- 
nardo being  crushed  by  an  avalanche, 
she  nursed  him  through  his  illness,  and 
they  fell  in  love  with  each  other,  lie 
started  for  Mantua,  but  was  detained  for 
two  years  captive  by  a  gang  of  thieves  j 
and  "Mariana  followed  him,  being  unable 
to  support  life  where  he  was  not.  In 
Mantua  count  Florio  fell  in  love  with 
her,  and  obtained  her  guardian's  consent 
to  their  union  ;  but  Mariana  refused,  was 
summoned  before  the  duke  (Ferrardo), 
and  judgment  was  given  against  her. 
Leonardo,  being  present  at  the  trial,  now 
threw  off  his  disguise,  and  was  acknow- 
ledged to  be  the  real  duke.  He  assumed 
his  rank,  married  Mariana ;  but  being 
called  to  the  camp,  left  Ferrardo  regent. 
Ferrardo,  being  a  villain,  laid  a  cunning 
scheme  to  prove  Mariana  guilty  of  adul- 
tery with  Julian  St.  Pierre,  a  country- 
man ;  but  Leonardo  refused  to  believe 
the  charge.  Julian,  who  turned  out  to 
be  Mariana's  brother,  exposed  the  whole 
plot  of  Ferrardo,  and  amply  cleared  his 
sister  of  the  slightest  taint  or  thought  of 
a  revolt. — S.  Knowles,  The  Wife  (1833). 

Mariana,  daughter  of  the  king  of 
Thessaly.  She  was  beloved  by  sir  Alex- 
ander, one  of  the  three  sons  of  St.  George 
the  patron  saint  of  England.  Sir  Alex- 
ander married  her,  and  became  king  of 
Thessaly.-  -R.  Johnson,  The  Seven  Cham- 
pions of  Christendom,  iii.  2,  3,  11  (1617). 

Mariana  in  the  Moated  Grange, 
a  young  damsel  who  sits  in  the  moated 
grange,  looking  out  for  her  lover,  who 
never  comes  ;  and  the  burden  of  her  life- 


song  is,  "My  life  i?  dreary,  for  he 
cometh  not ;  I  am  aweary,  and  would  that 
I  were  dead  !  " 

The  sequel  is  called  Mariana  in  the 
South,  in  which  the  love-lorn  maiden 
looks  forward  to  her  death,  "when  she 
will  cease  to  be  alone,  to  live  forgotten, 
and  to  love  forlorn." — Tennyson,  Mariana 
(in  two  parts). 

%*  Mariana,  the  lady  betrothed  to 
Angelo,  passed  her  sorrowful  hours  "at 
the  Moated  Grange."  Thus  the  duke  wy» 
to  Isabella : 

Haste  you  speedily  to  Angelo  ...  I  will  presently  to  St. 
Lake's.  There,  at  the  moated  grange,  resides  the  dejected 
MariiiijL. — Shakespeare,  Measure  for  Measure,  act  iii.  sc:l 
(1G03). 

Marianne  (3  s,y/.),  a  statuette  to 
which  the  red  republicans  of  France  pay 
homage.  It  symbolizes  the  republic,  and 
is  arrayed  in  a  red  Phrygian  cap.  This 
statuette  is  sold  at  earthenware  shops, 
and  in  republican  clubs,  enthroned  in 
glory,  and  sometimes  it  is  carried  in 
procession  to  the  tune  of  the  Marseillaise. 
(See  Maky  Ansk.) 

The  reason  seems  to  be  this:  Ravaillac, 
the  assassin  of  Henri  IV.  (the  Harmodius 
or  Aristogiton  of  France),  was  honoured 
by  the  red  republicans  as  "  patriot,  de- 
liverer, and  martyr."  This  regicide  was 
incited  to  his  deed  of  blood  by  reading 
the  celebrated  treatise  Be  Re>;e  et  Jieyio 
Institutions,  by  Mariana  the  Jesuit,  pub- 
lished 1599  (about  ten  years  previously). 
As  Mariana  inspired  Ravaillac  "to  deliver 
France  from  her  tyrant"  (Henri  IV.), 
the  name  was  attached  to  the  statuette  of 
liberty,  and  the  republican  party  gene- 
rally. 

The  association  of  the  name  with  the 
guillotine  favours  this  suggestion. 

Marianne  (3  syl.),  the  heroine  of  a 
French  novel  so  called  by  Marivaux 
(1688-1763). 

(This  novel  terminates  abruptly,  with 
a  conclusion  like  that  of  Zaduj,  "  where 
nothing  is  concluded.") 

Marianne  [Franval],  sister  of 
Franval  the  advocate.  She  is  a  beautiful, 
loving,  gentle  creature,  full  of  the  deeds 
of  kindness,  and  brimming  over  with 
charity.  Marianne  loves  captain  St 
Alme,  a  merchant's  son,  and  though  lier 
mother  opposes  the  match  as  beneath  the 
rank  of  the  family,  the  advocate  pleads 
for  his  sister,  and  the  lovers  are  duly 
betrothed  to  each  other. — T.  Holcroft, 
The  Beaf  and  Bumb  (1785). 

Maridu'num,  i.*.  Cacr-Merdin  (now 


MARIE. 


613 


MARINT. 


Oaermarthrn).  —  Spenser,  Fairy  Queen, 
iii.  B  ( 1 

Mariu  {Countess),  the  mother  of  01'- 
rica  (a  love-daughter),  Lhe  father  "f 
Dlrica  beins  Ernest  de  Fridberg,  "the 
prisoner  of  State"  Marie  married  count 
D'Osborn,  on  condition  of  his  obtaining 
the  acquittal  of  her  lover  Ernest  de  Frid- 
berg ;  but  the  count  broke  liia  promise, 
ami  even  attempted  to  get  the  prisoner 
smothered  in  his  dungeon.  Bis  villainy 
being  made  known,  the  kin;,'  ordered  bim 
t<>  be  executed,  and  Ernest,  being  set  at 
liberty.  <luly  married  the  countess  Marie. 
—  K.  Stirling,  The  Prisoner  of  Mate 
(1847). 

Marie  de  Brabant,  daughter  of 
Henri  III.  duo  de  Brabant.  She  married 
Philippe  le  Hard*,  king  of  Prance,  and 
was  accused  by  Lacrosse  of  having  poi- 
soned Philippe  a  son  by  his  former  Wife. 
Jean  de  Brabant  defended  the  queen's 
innocence  by  combat,  and  beins  the 
victor,  Fjibrossu  w:is  hung  (1260  1321). 

Anoelnt    has   made    this   the   Bubject   of 

an  historical  poem  called  Marie  de  linibimt, 
in  six  chants  (1H-J.r>). 

Marie  Kirikitoun,  a  witch,  who 
promised  to  do  a  certain  task  for  a  lassie, 
in  order  that  she  might  win  a  husband, 
provided  the  lassie  either  remembered  the 

witch's  name  for  a  year  and  a  day,  or 
submitted  to  any  punishment  she  might 
choose  to  intlict.  The  lassie  was  married, 
and  forgot  the  witch's  name  ;  hut  the  fay 
was  heard  singing,  "  lloupa,  houpa,  Marie 
Kirikitoun  !    Nobody  will  remember  my 

name."  The  lassie,  being  able  to  tell  the 
witch's  name,  was  no  more  troubled. — 
Basque  Legend, 

Grimm  has  ■  similar  tale,  but  the  name 
is  Kumpel-etilzchen,  and  the  song  was  : 

Littii1  SnwDi  my  dainty  <iame, 

kuiui<cl»tllxclien  u  my  name. 

Mari'na,  daughter  of  Per'iclds  prince 
Of  I  J  re,  born  u:  m  a,  where  her  mother 
Thais'a,  as  it  was  supposed,  died  in 
giving  her  birth.  Prince  Periclds  en- 
trusted Lhe  infant  t<>  Cleon  (governor  of 
Tarsus)     and    his     wife    Dionys'ia,     who 

brought  her  up  excellently  well,  and  she 
became  most  highly  accomplished  ;  bnt 

when     grown    U)     budding     womanhood, 

DionyBia,    out    of    jealousy,    employed 

l.e'onine  v.i  syL)  to  murder  In  r.     Leonine 

took  Marina  BO  the  OOaBt  with  tins  intent, 
out  the  Outcast  was  -ei.-.d  by  pirates,  and 
tudd  at  Mctali 'lie  as  a  slave.  Mere  IVn- 
cles  landed  on  his  voyage  from  Tarsus  BO 

Tyre,  and  Manna  was  introduced  to  him 


to  cha*e  away  his  melancholy.     Bhe  told 

him  the  story  of  her  life,  and 

e    that    she    was    his    daughter. 

Marina  wiu>  now  betrotl  lachus 

governor  of   Metaling;    but,   before  the 
espousals,   went  to    tuH  the  shi 
Diana  of  Ephesus,  to  return  thanks  to  the 

to   be  Thaisa  the  moth  nina.-  • 

Shakespeare,     Tcrielea     J'ritiee    of     Tjr* 

MarfnOj  wife  of  Jaeopo  Fos/cari   the 

son. — ISvron,    The    Two    I  i 

Marinda  or  M  umd.ui,  the  fair  con- 
cubine of  Haroun-el-Baschid. 

Marine  (The  Female),  Hannah  3 
(if  Wore,  iter,     she  was  present  at  the 
attack  of  Pondicherry.      Ultimat 
left  the  service,   ami  opened  a  public- 
house    in    Wapping    i  London),    but    still 
retained  her  male  attire  (born  1728). 

Mar'inel,  the  beloved  of  Florimel 
"the  Fair."  Marine]  "as  the  son  of 
black-browed  Cym'oent  (daughter  of  Ne- 

reus  and   I'umarin),  and  allowed  no  ,->ne 

to  pass  by  the  rocky  cave  where  he  lived 
without  doing   battle  with  him.     When 

Marinel    forbade    Britomaii    to    pa- 
replied,     "  1     mean    not    thee    entreat     to 
pa.-s  ;  "   and  with   her  spear   knocked  Inm 

'•  grovelling  on  the  (ground."    Mi>  mother, 

with  the  sea-nymphs,  came  to  him  ;   and 

the    "lily-handed    Liagore."  T,le>  knew 

leechcraft,  feeling  his  pulse,  said  life 
was   not    extinct.      Bo    he    was   carried   tS 

Ins  mother's  bower,  "deep  in  the 
of  tlie  sea,"  where  Trj  phon  (the  si  i 

physician)   soon   restore. 1  him    to   | 

health.    I  me  day.  Proteus  asked  Marinel 

and  his   mother   to  a   banquet,  and  while 

the  young  man  was  sauntering  about,  ho 

heard   a   female  voice   lamenting  her  hard 

lot,  and  sa\  ins  her  hardships  were  brought 
about  for  ner  love  to  Marinel.  The  young 
man    discovered    that 

Florimel,    Who    had    been    shut    up    in    n 

dungeon    by    Proteus    for  rejecting    his 

suit  ;   SO  he  got  a  warrant  of   release  from 

Neptune,    and    married    h<  i 

Faery    (,"<<  en,    iii.    £  ;    iv.     11,    1_' 

Mnri'ni  (./.   If.),  called  Le  oavatier 

Marin,  born  at  Naples.  Me  was  a  DOCS, 
and    is  known   by   his   poem  called 

or  I  'Adone,  in  twenty  canl  I).   The 

poem  i-  noted  for  its  description  of  the 
"  t  iarden  of  Venus." 

it  Un  r«a.lrr  will  .  .  .  rnul  utw  A.i'.oHa't 


MARINO  FALIERO. 


614 


MARKSMAN. 


She  garden  of  paradise.  Tasso's  garden  of  Armi'da,  and 
Mariid's  garden  uf  Venus,  he  will  be  persuaded  that 
Milton  imitates  their  manner,  but  .  .  .  excels  the 
originals. — Thyer. 

Mari'no  Falie'ro,  the  forty-ninth 
doge  of  Venice,  elected  1354.  A  patrician 
named  Michel  Steno,  having  behaved  in- 
decently to  some  of  the  ladies  at  a  great 
civic  banquet  given  by  the  doge,  was  turned 
out  of  the  house  by  order  of  the  duke. 
In  revenge,  the  young  man  wrote  a  scur- 
rilous libel  against  the  dogaressa,  which 
he  fastened  to  the  doge's  chair  of  state. 
The  insult  being  referred  to  "the  Forty," 
Steno  was  condemned  to  imprisonment 
foramonth.  This  punishment  was  thought 
by  the  doge  to  be  so  inadequate  to  the 
offence,  that  he  joined  a  conspiracy  to 
overthrow  the  republic.  The  conspiracy 
was  betrayed  by  Bertram,  one  of  the 
members,  and  the  doge  was  beheaded  on 
the  "Giant's  Staircase." — Byron,  Marino 
Faiiero  (1819). 

*+*  Casiniir  Dclavignc,  in  1829,  brought 
out  a  tragedy  on  the  same  subject,  and 
with  the  same  title. 

Marion  de  Lorme,  in  whose  house 
the  conspirators  met.  She  betrayed  all 
their  movements  and  designs  to  Richelieu. 
— Lord  Lytton,  llichclieu  (1839). 

Maritor'nes  (4  syl.),  an  Asturian 
chamber-maid  at  the  Crescent  Moon  tavern, 
to  which  don  Quixote  was  taken  by  his 
'squire  after  their  drubbing  by  the  goat- 
herds. The  crazy  knight  insisted  that 
the  tavern  was  a  castle,  and  that  Mali- 
tornes,  "the  lord's  daughter,"  was  in 
love  with  him. 

She  was  broad-faced,  flat-nosed,  hllnd  of  one  eye.  and 
had  a  most  delightful  squint  with  tin:  other  ;  the  peculiar 
gentility  of  tier  shape,  however,  compensated  for  every 
defect,  she  being  about  three  feet  in  height,  and  remark- 
ablv  hunchbacked. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iii.  3 
(1605). 

Marius  (Cuius),  the  Roman  general, 
tribune  of  the  people  h.C.  119;  the  rival 
of  Sylla. 

Antony  Vincent  Arnault  wrote  a  tragedy 
in  French  entitled  Marius  a  Minturnes 
(1791).  Thomas  Lodge,  M.D.,  in  1594, 
wrote  a  drama  called  Wounds  of  Civil 
War,  lively  set  forth  in  the  True  Tragedies 
of  Marius  and  Sylla. 

Mar'ivaux  (Pierre  de  Chamblnin  de), 
a  French  writer  of  comedies  and  ro- 
mances (1678-1763). 

S.  Richardson  is  called  "The  English 
Marivaux"  (1689-1761). 

Marjory  of  Douglas,  daughter  of 
Archibald  earl  ot  Douglas,  and  duchess 
of  Rothsay. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Petih  (time,  Henry  IV.). 


Mark  (Sir),  king  of  Cornwall,  who 
held  his  court  at  Tintag'il.  He  was  a 
wily,  treacherous  coward,  hated  and 
despised  by  all  true  knights.  One  day, 
sir  Dinadan,  in  jest,  told  him  that  an 
Launcelot  might  be  recognized  by  "  his 
shield,  which  was  silver  with  a  black 
rim."  This  was,  in  fact,  the  cognizance 
of  sir  Mordred  ;  but,  to  carry  out  the  joke, 
sir  Mordred  lent  it  to  Dagonet,  king 
Arthur's  fool.  Then,  mounting  the  jester 
on  a  large  horse,  and  placing  a  huge  spear 
in  his  hand,  the  knights  sent  him  to 
offer  battle  to  king  Mark.  When  Da- 
gonet beheld  the  coward  king,  he  cried 
aloud,  "  Keep  thee,  sir  knight,  for  I  will 
slay  thee  ! "  King  Mark,  thinking  it  to  be 
sir  Launcelot,  spurred  his  horse  to  flight. 
The  fool  gave  chase,  rating  king  Mark  "as 
a  wood  man  hnaduian]."  All  the  knights 
who  beheld  it  roared  at  the  jest,  told 
king  Arthur,  and  the  forest  rang  with 
their  laughter.  The  wife  of  king  M*rk 
was  Isond  (Ysolde)  the  Fair  of  Ireland, 
whose  love  for  sir  Tristram  was  a  public 
scandal. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Frtnce  Arthur,  ii.  96,  97  (1470). 

Mark  Tapley,  a  serving  companion 
of  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  who  goes  out  with 
him  to  Eden,  in  North  America.  Mark 
Tapley  thinks  there  is  no  credit  in  being 
jolly  in  easy  circumstances  ;  but  when  in 
Eden  he  found  every  discomfort,  lost  all 
his  money,  was  swindled  by  every  one, 
and  was  almost  killed  by  fevers,  thin 
indeed  he  felt  it  would  be  a  real  credit  "  to 
be  jolly  under  the  circumstances." — C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1843). 

Markliam,  a  gentleman  in  the  train 
of  the  earl  of  Sussex. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Markham  (Mrs.),  pseudonym  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Perrose  (born  Elizabeth  Cart- 
wright),  authoress  of  History  of  England, 
etc. 

Markleham  (Mrs.),  the  mother  of 
Annie.  Devoted  U>  pleasure,  she  always 
maintained  that  she  indulged  in  it  for 
"  Annie's  sake."  Mrs.  Markleham  is 
generally  referred  to  as  "the  old  soldier." 
— C.  Dickens,  David  Copjm-field  (1849). 

Marksman,  one  of  Fortunio's  seven 
attendants.  He  saw  so  clearly  and  to 
such  a  distance,  that  ho  generally  ban- 
daged his  eyes  in  order  to  temper  the 
great  keenness  of  his  sight. — Couitess* 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Fortunio,0 
1682.. 


MARLBOROUGH. 


615 


MARPHISA. 


Marlborough  (  T\  .  John 

Churchill.     He   was   called   by   n 
Turenne,    /  w    (1650-1722). 

Mai.iiuih  or,  p.  697.) 

Marlow    (>':r    Charles),    the    kiiul- 
hearted  old  friend  of  sijuirc  Hardcastle. 

y>iiu;  Martoto,  eon  of  sir  Charles. 
"  Among  w  omen  of  reputation  and  virtue 
he  is  the  modestest  man  alive ;  but  his 
acquaintancea  give  bim  a  very  di 
character  among  women  of  another 
stamp "  (act  i.  l).  Having  mistaken 
Hardcastle's  bouse  for  an  inn,  and  Uiaa 
Hardcaatle  for  the  barmaid,  be  is  quite 
at  hia  ease,  and  makes  love  freely. 
When  f :i i r I y  caught,  he  discovi  • 
the  Buppoeed  "inn"  is  a  private  house, 
niiil  the  Buppoeed  barmaid  is  the  squires 
daughter;  but  the  ice  of  his  shyness 
l»t-i n^c  broken,  he  baa  no  longer  any 
difficulty  in  loving  according  to  his 
stat  ion. — Goldsmith,  8A 
(1778). 

When  Goldsmith  was  between  1G  rind 
17,  be  set  <mt  for  Edgworthstown,  and 
finding  night  coming  on,  asked  a  man 
which  was  the  "  beal  house  "  in  the  town  — 
meaning  the  best  inn.  The  man  pointed 
to  t!i<'  house  <>f  Mr  Ralph  Fethcrstone  for 
Mr.  Fetherstoik  I,  and  I  'liver,  entering  the 
parlour,  found  the  master  of  the  mansion 
Bitting  at  a  good  fire  Oliver  told  him  he 
desired  to  pass  the  ni^ht  there,  and 
ordered  him  to  bring  in  supper. 
Balph"  knowing  bis  customer,  hnmonred 
the  joke,  which  Oliver  1 1 1 . i  not  discover 
till  next  day,  when  he  called  for  his  bill. 
(We  are  told  in  Note*  and  Queries  that 
Kalph  Eetherstone  was  only  Mr.,  but  his 
grandson  was  sir  Thomas.) 

Marmion.    Lord  Marmion  was  be- 
trothed  to  Constance  de  Beverly,  bnl  he 

jilted  her  fur  lady  (".are  an  heiress,  who 

WSJ  in  love   with  Ralph   de  Wilton.      The 

lady  Clare  rejected  1  •  -r.  I  Marmion's  suit, 
ftini  look  refuge  fr..;n  bim  in  the  convent 
oj  St.  Hilda,  id  Whitby.  Constance  took 
the  veil  in  the  convent  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
in  Holy  [sie,  but  after  a  time  left  the 
convent    clandestinely,    was    captured, 

taken  hark,  and  buried  alive  in   t!  • 

of  u  deep  celL  In  the  mean  time,  lord 
Marmion,  being  sent  by  Henn   \  ill.  on 

nn  embassy  to  James  l\.  ol   Scotland, 

Stopped  at  the  hall  of  Mr  II  Ugh  de  Heron, 

who  sent  a  palmer  as  bis  guide.     <  »n  bis 

return,    lord    Murmioti  commanded    th" 

oi  si.  Hilda  to  release  the  lady 

Clare,  and  place  her  under  the  cfa  U 

her  kinsman,  rfitoclareof  TanUillon  Hall. 


be  met  the  palmer,  whowai 

in  ili'  ■  « 

t<>    marry    the    man    she   loved.  —  .Sir    W, 

Scott,  Marmion  |  I  - 

Mar  i  int    of 

.   from 
William    t),-  | 

Scrivelby,  in  Lincolnshire.    This 

de  Marmion  was  the  lirMT   royal  champion 
'land,  and     the  . 

the  family  till  the  p-i^n  of  Edward  I., 
when  in  default  of  mail 
John  Dymoke,  son-in-law  of  PhiJ 
inion,  in  whose  family  it  remains  .-till. 

Ma'ro,    Virgil,  whose   full   name   was 
Publius  Virgiliua  Maro    B.C.  70  19). 

(Ih.  were  It  ni.ne  ».:  <  »rt 

Ti.  wnke  t.  rymfUa  t 

I.ik.-  I. in.  tlic  BDOOHI  ran*  t..  .lraa 

III  ID  Kjuifti'.c  JoUi-ai  .    .    . 

I  uil«;kt  I  .  .    . 

Falconer,  Tin  SMpwrcci.  ill  S  (173SV 

Mar'onite8    (3   tyl.),     a    religious 
semi-Catholic  sect  of   S  itanuy 

at  war  with   their  near  ni  ighboura   the 
Druses,  aaemi-Mohamn  •  Both 

are     now    tributar.-  sultan,    but 

enjoy    their   own    laws.      The    Mai 
number   about    400,000,    and    ' 
about  half  that  number.       I  be   Mai 
owe  their  nan:.-  to  J.  Mann,  their  founder  ; 

the  I  'ruses  to  1  tarsi,  a  bo  led  them 
Egypt  into  Syria.     The  patriarch  of  the 
Maronitea  resides  si  Kanobin  ;  thehakem 

of    the     1  "ruses    at    Heir-eUkamar. 

Maronitea    or  "Catholics  of  Lebanon" 
differ   from    the    Roman    Catholics    m 

several  points,  and  have  a  pope  or  patri- 
arch of  their  own.     In   1860  the   Druses 

made     on     them     a     horrible     onslaught, 

which  called  forth   the  intervention  n 
Europe. 

Marotto   (2  I 
gibus;  a  plain  bourgeois,  whi 
tation.     When  the  one  •  bouse 

try    to  convert  bim   into  a  fashionable 

flunky,    and    teach    him    a    little    grand- 
eloquence,  he   bluntly    tells   them  !.• 

not  understand  Latin. 

1/1--,*"  a.  ,iil  .Irnutn.le  «t  root  tim  mu 

illl  qua  ion  D  - 

I  ■  r    nn.lni 

niui*  at 
> 

I  .r  Utln.— Hollai*.  L— 
LSka. 

Marphi  and  a 

She 

was  brought  uj'  by  a  magician,  bat  being 

stolen  at  tin  id  to 

the  ku 

lad    her    bi  B    a : 


MARPHURIUS. 


616 


MARS  WOUNDED. 


but  she  slew  him,  and  usurped  the  crown. 
Marphisa  went  to  Gaul  to  join  the  army 
of  Agramant,  but  subsequently  entered 
the  camp  of  Charlemagne,  and  was 
baptized. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Marphu'rius,  a  doctor  of  the  Pyr- 
rhonian  school.  Sganarelle  consults  him 
about  his  marriage ;  but  the  philosopher 
replies,  "  Perhaps  ;  it  is  possible  ;  it  may 
be  so  ;  everything  is  doubtful  ; "  till  at 
last  Sganarelle  beats  him,  and  Marphurius 
says  he  shall  bring  an  action  against  him 
for  battery.  "  Perhaps,"  replies  Sgana- 
relle ;  "  it  is  possible  ;  it  may  be  so,"  etc., 
using  the  very  words  of  the  philosopher 
(sc.  ix.). — Moliere,  Le  Mariaje  Force' 
(1604). 

Marplot,  "the  busy  body."  A 
blundering,  good-natured,  meddlesome 
voung  man,  very  inquisitive,  too  officious 
by  half,  and  always  bungling  whatever 
he  interferes  in.  Marplot  is  introduced 
by  Mrs.  Centlivre  in  two  comedies,  The 
Busy  Body  and  Marplot  in  Lisbon. 

That  unlucky  dog  Marplot ...  is  ever  doing  mis.  hiif, 
and  yet  (to  give  him  his  due)  he  never  designs  it.  This  is 
some  blundering  adventure,  wherein  he  thought  to  show 
his  friendship,  :is  he  calls  it.— Mrs.  Centlivre,  The  liuty 
Uody,  iii.  6  (1709). 

***  This  was  Henry  Woodward's  great 
part  (1717-1777).  His  unappeasable 
curiosity,  his  slow  comprehension,  bis 
annihilation  under  the  sense  of  his 
dilemmas,  were  so  diverting,  that  even 
Garrick  confessed  him  the  decided  "  Mar- 
plot "  of  the  stage. — lioaden,  Life  of  Sid- 
dons. 

N.P>. — William  Cavendish  duke  of  New- 
castle brought  out  a  free  translation  of 
Moliere's  DEtourdi,  which  he  entitled 
Marplot. 

Marquis  de  Basqueville,  being 
one  night  at  the  opera,  was  told  by  a 
messenger  that  his  mansion  was  on  fire. 
"Eh  bien,"  he  said  to  the  messenger, 
"  adresse/.-vous  a  Mme.  la  marquise  qui 
est  en  face  dans  cette  loge  ;  car  e'est 
affaire  de  mr'nage." — Chapus,  Dieppe  et 
ses  Environs  (1853). 

Marrall  (Jach),  a  mean-spirited, 
revengeful  time-server.  He  is  the  clerk 
and  tool  of  sir  Giles  Overreach.  When 
Marrall  thinks  Wellborn  penniless,  he 
treats  him  like  a  dog ;  but  immediately 
he  fancies  he  is  about  to  marry  the 
wealthy  dowager  lady  Allworth,  he  is 
most  servile,  and  offers  to  lend  him 
money.  Marrall  now  plays  the  traitor  to 
his   master,   sir    Giles,    and    reveals    to 


Wellborn  the  scurvy  tricks  by  which  ha 
has  been  cheated  of  his  estates.  When, 
however,  he  asks  Wellborn  to  take  him 
into  his  service,  Wellborn  replies,  "  Ho 
who  is  false  to  one  master  will  betray 
another  ;  "  and  will  have  nothing  to  say 
to  him. — Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Fay 
Old  Debts  (1628). 

Married  Men  of  Genius.  The 
number  of  men  of  genius  unhappy  in 
their  wives  is  very  large.  The  following 
are  notorious  examples  : — Socrates  and 
Xantippc  ;  Sadi  the  Persian  poet ;  Dante 
and  Gemma  Donati  ;  Milton  with  both 
his  wives  ;  Marlborough  and  Sarah  Jen- 
nings ;  Gustavus  Adolphus  and  his  flighty 
queen ;  Byron  and  Miss  Milbanke  ; 
Dickens  and  Miss  Hogarth  ;  etc.  Every 
reader  will  be  able  to  add  to  the  list. 

Mars,  divine  Fortitude  personified. 
Bacchus  is  the  tutelary  demon  of  the 
Mohammedans,  and  Mars  the  guardian 
potentate  of  the  Christians. — Camoens, 
The  Lusiad  (1560). 

That  Young  Mars  of  Men,  Edward  the 
Black  Prince,  who  with  8000  men  de- 
feated, at  Poitiers,  the  French  king  John, 
whose  army  amounted  to  60,000 — some 
say  even  more  (a.d.  1356). 

The  Mars  of  Men,  Henry  Plantagenet 
earl  of  Derby,  third  son  of  Henry  carl  of 
Lancaster,  and  near  kinsman  of  Edward 
III.     (See  Deuby.) 

Mars  of  Portugal  (The),  Alfonso 
de  Alboquerque,  viceroy  of  India  (1452- 
1515). 

Mars  "Wounded.  A  very  remark- 
able parallel  to  the  encounter  of  Diomed 
and  Mars  in  the  Iliad,  v.,  occurs  in  Ossian. 
Homer  says  that  Diomed  hurled  his  spear 
against  Mars,  which,  piercing  the  belt, 
wounded  the  war-god  in  the  bowels  i 
"  Loud  bellowed  Mars,  nine  thousand 
men,  ten  thousand,  scarce  so  loud  joining 
fierce  battle."  Then  Mars  ascending, 
wrapped  in  cloudsj  was  borne  upwards 
to  Olympus. 

Ossian,  in  Carrie-  Thura,  says  that 
Loda,  the  god  of  his  foes,  came  like  "a 
blast  from  the  mountain.  He  came  in 
his  terror,  and  shook  his  dusky  spear. 
His  eyes  were  flames,  and  his  voice  like 
distant  thunder.  '  Son  of  night,'  said 
Fingal,  '  retire.  Do  I  fear  thy  gloomy 
form,  spirit  of  dismal  Loda?  Weak  is 
thy  shield  of  cloud,  feeble  thy  meteor 
sword.' "  Then  cleft  he  the  gloomy 
shadow  with  his  sword.  It  fell  like  a 
column  of  smoke.     It  shrieked.     Then, 


MA  US  YEAR. 


617 


M  Mil  HA. 


rolling  Itself  ap,  the  woundc 

iriad,  wul  the  island  shook  t.>  n.-< 
foundation. 

Mar's    Year,  ir   1715,    in 

which  occurred  the  rebellion  >>f  th 

"f  .M.ir. 

AuM  uncle  John  »-h»  wedlock"*  Joy» 
hiu  Mui  )ou  Jul  dl 

.rn».  Ilatlotrtrn.  17. 

Marseilles'  Good  Bishop,  Henri 
Francois  Xavii  r  de  Bclsunci 
Immortalized  l>v  hie  philanthropic 

;:i  the  plague  at  Marseilles  (1720- 
[722). 

Charles  BorromBo,  archbishop  of  Milan 
a  century  previously  i 1  squally 

lacriGcing  m  the  plague 
of  Milan  1 1 

Sir  John  Lawrence,  1  < -ri I  mayor  of 
London  during  the  ^rv*i  plague,  sup- 
ported 40,000  dii  rvants,  tod 
ill ■-.  rvrs  Immortal  honour. 

Darwin  ratea  to  Belsunce  end  Law- 
rcnce  in  Ins  Lovet  o)  th$  Plani  ,  u 

Marshal  Forwards,  Bluchi 
cAlltil  fur  his  daafa  in  battle,  and  rapidity 
<if  bit  movements,  in   the  campaign  "f 
laia  (1748  : 

Marsi,  a  part  of  the  Babellian  race, 
noitsi  for  magic,  and  said  to  bavi 
descended  Cram  <  lircd, 

M»nl,  rl  .|U.vlain  ErnltAll  ilibtm,  tit  »«T|*ntliiin  vim- 
'  .iruuii^ue 
hkcIj  (acIajiI  ntixleluiuiu  inlru. — utiUtu.  \\\    II. 

Marsi^'lio,  a  Baracen  kin;;,  who 
plotted  the  attack  upon  Roland,  "under 
the  tree  on  which  Judas  hanged  himself. n 
With  a  force  of  600,000  men,  divided 
into  three  companies,  Marsiglio  attacked 
tin-  paladin  in  Roncesvallos,  and  over- 
threw linn  ;  hut  ( harlemagne,  coming  op, 
routed  the  rianHtn,  an. I  hanged  him  on 
tin  mtv  tree  under  which  he  planned  the 
-Turpin,  I  I  \ii). 

Mni'Hilia,  "who  bean  op 
Cynthia's  train,"  is  the  marchioi 
Northampton,  to  w^ora  Spenst  r  ■  !. 
tin  /'./...  i  lelena, 

daughter  of  Wolfgangu 

-tlivworlhr  b  Manilla. 

p  ftml  CjmthaVl  InUn. 

■ 

A.  .In   L  Md  li-r  in  i. 

Mnr'ny'iH,  the  Phrygian  Ante  , 
111    •  !,*lli  nged    A  polio   t"   a   o  ■  I  ■ 
■kill,  imt  being  beaten  by  I 
ti»\rii  alive  f"r  bis  presumptioa. 


Mar'tafax     and     Iier'mit 
•no  famous  r.itu  brought  up 

White  I 

Mnrta'no,  »  Real  coward,  w! 
the  armour  if   Gryphon,   and    pr< 
■ 

ived  the  h 
v  |uitted   Dan  i 

Origilla ;    but    Aquilant    ui.  « 

villain,  and   he  a 
ix.). — Ajiosto,  Orlando  furioao  (1618), 

Marteau        ries        Herotiquos, 
Pierre  d'Ailly  ;  also  called  L 
Frame*  \  I860  l '.-     , 

Martcl    (Ch'irlm),    Charles,    natsral 
son  <'f  l'i  pin  d'He*i 

M.    Colun    d<*     1  I     that    this 

"  palace  mayor'" of  Prance  » 

"  Marti  1  "  "  bam- 

Hahman  in  782,  but   i  • 

saint   was  J  St.  Maruk).— 

Thou  m    his    translatj         ' 

Chevereul'i  Principles  of  II 
.  rigns  himsi 
CarteL" 

Martext    [8k  ■    vicar    in 

Shakes] 

. 

Martha,   t-isti  r    t.>    "The  Beornful 
Lad]  "  (no  name  given). — Beaum  I 

Fletchi  r,  . 

Martha,    the    servant-girl 
W.  Scots, 

(tilln  .  [.), 

Martha,  the  old  housekeeper  at  i 
(time,  George  I.). 

Mart  r  of  Ralph  am! 

do  IjuM.'1'iir-*.  and  sister  of   1 1 
eours.     Win  n    th<  i 

1.   Martha,  with  Ralph  ilr  I 

•.   ami 
.-.  were  pal  adrifl  in  a  boas,  atul 

Ral|th    and     ! 

i  •  1.  and    Martha  fill   into   tin-  hands 

of   an   Indian  tr 

s 

mi. hr 

illrj^al,  an.l  wi.ni  Carlos  "a*  given  no  t« 


MARTHA. 


618    MARTINMAS  WILL  COME,  ETC. 


the  hands  of  justice,  Orgarita  was  placed 
under  the  charge  of  her  grandmother 
Mde.  de  Theringe,  and  [probably]  es- 
poused Horace  de  Brienne. — E.  Stirling, 
The  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea  (1856). 

Martha,  a  friend  of  Margaret.  She 
makes  love  to  Mephistopheles  with  great 
worldly  shrewdness.  —  Goethe,  Faust 
(1798). 

Martha,  alias  Ulrica,  mother  cf 
Bertha  who  is  betrothed  to  Hereward 
and  marries  him. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Martha  {The  abbess),  abbess  of  Elcho 
Nunnery.  She  is  a  kinswoman  of  the 
Glover  family.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid 
of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Martha  (Dame),  housekeeper  to  major 
Bridgenorth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of 
the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Marthe,  a  j-oung  orphan,  in  love  with 
Freddric  Auvray,  a  young  artist,  who 
loves  her  in  return,  but  leaves  her,  goes 
to  Rome,  and  falls  in  love  with  another 
lady,  Elena,  sister  of  the  duke  Strozzi. 
Marthe  leaves  the  Swiss  pastor,  who  is 
her  guardian,  and  travels  in  midwinter 
to  Rome,  dressed  as  a  boy,  and  under  the 
name  of  Piccolino.  She  tells  her  tale  to 
Elena,  who  abandons  the  fickle  false  one, 
and  Fr«  de'ric  forbids  the  Swiss  wanderer 
ever  again  to  approach  him.  Marthe,  in 
despair,  throws  herself  into  the  Tiber,  but 
is  rescued.  Fre'de'ric  repents,  is  recon- 
ciled, and  marries  the  forlorn  maiden. — 
Mons.  Guiraud,  Piccolino  (an  opera,  1875). 

Marthon,  an  old  cook  at  Arnheim 
Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Marthon,  alias  Rizpaii,  a  Bohemian 
woman,  attendant  on  the  countess  Hame- 
Jine  of  Croye. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Martian  Laws  (not  Mercian,  as 
Wharton  gives  it  in  his  Law  Dictionary) 
are  the  laws  collected  by  Martia,  the 
wife  of  Guithelin  great-grandson  of 
Mulmutius  who  established  in  Britain 
the  "  Mulmutian  Laws  "  (q.v.).  Alfred 
translated  both  these  codes  into  Saxon- 
English,  and  called  the  Martian  code  Pa 
Marchitle  Laije.  These  laws  have  no 
connection  with  the  kingdom  of  Mercia. 
—Geoffrey,  British  History,  iii.  13  (1142). 

Ouyiiteline,  .  .  .  whose  queen,  ...  to  show  her  upright 

mind, 
*»  Wise  Midinutius'  laws  her  Martian  first  ilttl  frame. 
Drayton.  I'olyulbion,  vuX  11012) 


Martigny  (Mark  la  comptesse  de), 
wife  of  the  earl  of  Etherington. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  St.  Roman's  Well  (time,  George 
III.). 

Martin,  in  Swift's  Tale  of  the  luo, 
is  Martin  Luther;  "John"  is  Calvin; 
and  "  Peter  "  the  pope  of  Rome  (1704). 

In  Dryden's  Hind  and  Panther,  "Mar- 
tin "  means  the  Lutheran  party  (1687). 

Martin,  the  old  verdurer  near  sir 
Henry  Lee's  lodge. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Martin,  the  old  shepherd,  in  the  service 
of  the  lady  of  Avenel. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Martin,  the  ape,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Martin  (Dame),  partner  of  Darsie 
Latimer  at  the  fishers'  dance. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Martin  (Sarah),  the  prison  reformer  of 
Great  Yarmouth.  This  young  woman, 
though  but  a  poor  dressmaker,  conceived 
a  device  for  the  reformation  of  prisoners 
in  her  native  town,  and  continued  for 
twenty-four  years  her  earnest  and  useful 
labour:  of  love,  acting  as  schoolmistress, 
chaplain,  and  industrial  superintendent. 
In  1835,  captain  Williams,  inspector  of 
prisons,  brought  her  plans  before  the 
Government,  under  the  conviction  that  the 
nation  at  large  might  be  benefited  by 
their  practical  good  sense  (1791-1843). 

Martin  Weldeck,  the  miner.  His 
6tory  is  read  by  Lovel  to  a  pic-nic  party 
at  St.  Ruth's  ruins. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Martine  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Sganarelle. 
She  has  a  furious  quarrel  with  her  hus- 
band, who  beats  her,  and  she  screams. 
M.  Robert,  a  neighbour,  interferes,  says 
to  Sganarelle,  "  Quelle  infamie  !  Peste 
soit  le  coquin,  de  battre  ainsie  safemme." 
The  woman  snubs  him  for  his  imperti- 
nence, and  says,  "  Je  veux  qu'il  me  battre, 
moi;"  and  Sganarelle  beats  him  soundly 
for  meddling  with  what  does  not  concern 
him. — Moliere,  Le  Me'dccin  Malgr€  Lui 
(1666). 

Martinmas  ■will  Come  in  Due 
Time,  or,  give  a  rogue  rope  enough,  and 
he'll  hang  himself ;  every  evil-doer  will 
meet  his  reward.  Martinmas1  used  to  be 
the  time  for  killing  hogs  for  winter  store, 
and  the  Spanish  proverb  paraphrased  ia 
this:  "As  the  time  will  certainly  come 
when  hogs  will  be  slain,  so  tho  time  will 


MARTIN'S  BUMMER. 


C19 


MARY  GRAHAM. 


Certainly  come  when  thy  sins  or  faults 
will  L>o  nhnrtitri  " 

Martin's  Summer  (St.),  b  i 
days;  a  time  of  prosperity  j  fine  weather. 
.'  &  Martin,  from  October  9  to 
November  II,  At  the  close  of  autumn 
we  generally  have  a  mouth  of  magnificent 
Hummer  WWlUmi . 

Ajatjrneri  Kin  I  I  Jam  ■>/  A  re]  to  tin  the  Kngllah  Kouraa.  . . 
Kl|wrt  lit  Martiu'i  milliner.  l,iU,y,i>  ibift. 
Since  I  b»v  riiU-rol  lulu  Uiow  mux 

BluUtaiwu-o.  1  i/o/iry  17.  act  I.  K.  3  (IMS). 

%•  Also  calleil  "  St.  Luke's  Summer." 
Martival  {Stephen  <l-  .  a  -:•  ward  of 

the  field  at  the  tournament. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
foankot  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Martivalle  [Martbu  Qaleotti),  sstro- 

logei  to   i.oui.s  XI.  of   Prance.   -Sir  W. 

Qventin  Dtmoard  (time,   Edward 

lV.j. 

Martyr  Kinfr  (The),  Henry  VI., 
buried  .*.  Windsor  beside  Edward  IV. 

'  .riir  Kmc  I  Htnrg  1/  i  Um  id  u 
Ani  fail  :«si.U-  him  on  I    /I". J  Jo«|M ; 

Tlic  grnre  unites  wlirre  eVii  tin-  gran  Bl 
An  i  aUaglad  lit;  Um  oppraant  ami  iti'  ■■,  . 

Papa, 

Martyr  Kin;  (The),  Charles  I.  of 
England  (1600,  16 

Louis  XVI.  of  Prance  is  also  called 
Louis  "the  Martyr"  (17M,  1771   L798). 

Martyrs  to  8cience. 

Claude  Louis  count  Berthollet,  who 
on  himself  the  effects  of  carbonic 
a,  nl  on  the  human  frame,  and  died  under 
the  experiment  (1748  1822). 

Giordano  Bruno,  who  was  burnt  alive 
for  maintaining  that  matter  is  the  mothel 
of  all  thing!  (  LV.o  1600). 

Galileo,  who  wa.s  imprisoned  twice  by 
the  Inquisition  for  maintaining  that  the 
earth  moved  round  the  sun  and  not  the 
tun  round  the  earth  I  L5M  1642). 

And  Mores  of  others. 

Marvellous  Boy  [The),  Thomas 
Ghatterton  1 1762  I77ui. 

i   n^r. 

Tl»e  atacnJoai  fcuul  lUal  uarUi,.-.      . 

..  .r!h. 

Marwood   (A/i  of    an 

old  woman  who  called  hereeli  Mrs.  Brown. 
When  a  mere  k'irl,  the  wai  concerned  in  • 
burglary  and  was  transported.     • 

ii  of  Dombcv  and  Son, 
i  her,  and  both  she  and  her  mother 
ined  on   re\  i  nge.       Uice   bore    • 
striking  reaembl  i 

,  and  in  facl  th<  j  «  i  re 

cousins,  f'>r   M  r I,    l'.r     ^  •.  w  i      ■•  .. 

ho    brother-in-law     f    the    lion.    Mr-. 


lith'i  mother). — C.  Dickens, 

• 

Mar  is),  jilted    by  Famuli 

•    whole   mail 

ive  done  I 

vipers  —men,  ar.'l  am  m 

then)  ;  "  bul  •  of  marrj  - 

keen  i  f  fear 

ami  jealousy."-  -W.  ( 
of  the  World  (17* 

Mary,  the  pretty  housemaid   of   the 
worshipful  the  mayor  of  Ipswich 

When  Arabella  Al.en  marr 

Winkle.    Mary  enters  her   wrvio 

eventually  marries  Sam  Wilier,  an 

at   Dulwich    as    Mr.    Pickwick's   hooao- 

.  — (J.  Dick. 
(183G). 

Miry,  niece  of  Valentine  and  hii 
Alice,     In   love  with   M 
I  lont  and    Fletcher,    M    .  .     i 

.  four  young 
ladies  of  quality,  of   the  same 
Mary    afterwards     "  q 
They  embarked   with    her    in    1. 
board  the  French  galleys,  and  wei 
tined  to  be  her  playmates  in  chi 

and   her  companions   when   sh.-   grew   uji. 
Their    name-     were    Miry    Beaton    (or 

,  Mary  Livi    pton  for  L 
Mary   Plemii  •7'H/)(  »nd  Mary 

%*  Mary  Oarmichael  has  no  j  . 

authentic  history,  although  an  old 

:,  Ui«  •inrrn  li»i|  I  'iir  Maryi; 
;,„.•  Imt  tl.nw  : 
Tt,t  r ■■  *  .  :,.  alut  M  \Tj  Soaton, 

And  Mar)  I'arinU  l.ju-;.  an,l  inc. 

*#*  One  of  Whyte  Melvilli  i 

called 

Mary  Anne,  ■  slang  aata<    for  the 

guillotine  ;  also  called  i 

I   ("  the  mountain    of    mournful 
ascent ").    (Si  e  M  mi  \  i 

name  for  a 

republi 

aiANMB.)     1!.  Disraeli, 

Mart  ABM  «-»«   Ui<-    mlnuM   f.*    thr  rrpuMIc  jr»r« 
»  vaa  >i  un» 

• 

vi  ■oallsrvd  »[-        • 

• 

by  old  Nlartiu  Cb  entu- 

aily    noun,  d      M  utifl 
grandson,  and  hi 

"Tho  y»i««  nirl."  m:  I  Ii  an  ornhaa 

dilU,  ■§ i—  ...  I   !-.>•   brel  ud  olucaJfcl.  or.  U  rua 


MARY  STUART. 


620 


MASANIELLO. 


prefer  the  word,  adopted.  For  a  year  or  two  she  has 
been  my  companion,  and  she  is  my  only  one.  I  have 
talun  a  solemn  oath  not  to  leave  her  a  sixpence  when  I 
die ;  but  while  I  live,  1  make  her  an  annual  ullowance. 
Dot  extravagant  in  its  amount,  and  yet  not  stinted." — 
C.  Sickens,  Martin  Chuzzlevnt,  lii.  (1843). 

Mary  Stuart,  an  historical  tragedy 
by  J.  Haynes  (1840).  The  subject  is 
tbe  death  of  David  Rizzio. 

*„,*  Schiller  has  taken  Mary  Stuart 
for  the  subject  of  a  tragedy.  P.  Lebrun 
turned  the  German  drama  into  a  French 
play.  Sir  W.  Scott,  in  The  Abbot,  has 
taken  for  his  subject  the  flight  of  Mary 
to  England. 

Mary  Tudor.  Victor  Hugo  has  a 
tragedy  so  called  (1833),  and  Tennyson,  in 
1878,  issued  a  play  entitled  Queen  Mary, 
an  epitome  of  the  reign  of  the  Tudor 
Mary. 

Mary  and  Byron.  The  "Mary"  of 
lord  Byron  was  Miss  Chaworth.  Both 
were  under  the  guardiauship  of  Mr. 
White.  Mis3  Chaworth  married  John 
Musters,  and  lord  Byron  married  Miss 
Milbanke;  both  equally  unfortunate. 
Lord  Byron,  in  The  Dream,  refers  to  his 
love-affair  with  Mary  Chaworth.  (See 
p.  145.) 

Mary  in  Heaven  (  To)  and  Highland 
Mary,  lyrics  addressed  by  Robert  Burns 
to  Mary  Campbell,  between  whom  and 
the  poet  there  existed  a  strong  attach- 
ment previous  to  the  hitter's  departure 
from  Ayrshire  to  Nithsdale.  Mary  Mori- 
son,  a  youthful  effusion,  was  written  to 
the  object  of  a  prior  passion.  The  lines 
in  the  latter 

Those  smiles  and  glances  let  me  see. 
That  make  the  miser's  treasure  poor, 

iesemble  those  in  Highland  Mary — 

Still  o'er  those  scenes  my  mem'ry  wakes, 
And  fondly  broods  with  miser  care. 

Mary  of  Mode'na,  the  second  wife 
of  James  II.  of  England,  and  mother  of 
"  The  Pretender." 

Mamma  was  to  assume  the  character  and  stately  way  of 
Ihe  royal  "  Mary  of  Modem*." — Percy  Fitzgerald,  The 
Farvenu  Famtly.  iii.  £38. 

Mary  queen  of  Scots  was  con- 
fined first  at  Carlisle  ;  she  was  removed 
in  1568  to  Bolton;  in  1569  she  was  con- 
fined at  Tutbury,  Wingfield,  Tutbury, 
Ashby-de-la-Zouche,  and  Coventrv ;  in 
1570  she  was  removed  to  Tutbury,  Chats- 
worth,  and  Sheffield  ;  in  1577  to  Chats- 
worth  ;  in  1578  to  Sheffield  ;  in  1584  to 
Wingfield  ;  in  1585  to  Tutbury,  Chartley, 
Tixhall,  and  Chartley  ;  in  1586  (Septem- 
ber 25)  to  Fotheringay. 

%*  She  is  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  bos  novel  entitled  The  Abbot. 


Schiller  has  taken  Mary  Stuart  for  the 
subject  of  his  be6t  tragedy,  and  P.  Lebrun 
brought  out  in  France  a  French  version 
thereof  (1729-1807). 

Mary  queen  of  Scots.  The  most  elegant 
and  poetical  compliment  ever  paid  to 
woman  was  paid  to  Mary  queen  of  Scots* 
by  Shakespeare,  in  Midsummer  Night's 
Dream.  Remember,  the  mermaid  is 
"queen  Mary;"  the  dolphin  means  the 
"dauphin  of  France,"  whom  Mary  mar- 
ried ;  the  rude  sea  means  the  "  Scotch 
rebels ; "  and  the  stars  that  shot  from  their 
spheres  means  "the  princes  who  sprang 
from  their  allegiance  to  queen  Elizabeth.'' 

Thou  remember'st 
Since  once  1  sat  upon  a  promontory, 
And  heard  a  mermaid,  on  a  li-lphin't  bark, 
Uttering  such  dulcet  and  harmonious  breath. 
That  the  rude  tea  grew  civil  at  her  song ; 
And  certain  start  thtd  madly  from  their  tphcrrt. 
To  bear  the  sea- maid's  music 

Act  II.  sc.  1  (1592). 

These  "  stars"  were  the  earl  of  North 
umberland,  the  earl  of  Westmoreland,  and 
the  duke  of  Norfolk. 

Mary  the  Maid  of  the  Inn,  the 
delight  and  sunshine  of  the  parish,  about 
to  be  married  to  Richard,  an  idle,  worth- 
less fellow.  One  autumn  night,  two 
guests  were  drinking  at  the  inn,  and  one 
remarked  he  should  not  much  like  to  go 
to  the  abbey  on  such  a  night.  "  I'll 
wager  that  Mary  will  go,"  said  the  other, 
and  the  bet  was  accepted.  Mary  went, 
and, hearing  footsteps,  stepped  into  a  place 
of  concealment,  when  presently  passed 
her  two  men  carrying  a  young  woman 
they  had  just  murdered.  The  hat  of  one 
blew  off,  and  fell  at  Mary's  feet.  She 
picked  it  up,  flew  to  the  inn,  told  her 
story,  and  then,  producing  the  hat,  found 
it  was  Richard's.  Her  senses  gave  way, 
and  she  became  a  confirmed  maniac  for 
life. — R.  Southey,  Mary  the  Maid  of  the 
Inn  (from  Dr.  Plot's  History  of  Stafford- 
shire, 1686). 

Mar'zavan,  foster-brother  of  the 
princess  Badou'ra.  —  Arabian  Nights 
("  Camaralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Masaniello,  a  corruption  of  [TomJ- 
mas  Aniello,  a  Neapolitan  fisherman,  who 
headed  an  insurrection  in  1647  against 
the  duke  of  Arcos ;  and  he  resolved  to 
kill  the  duke's  son  for  having  seduced 
Fenella  his  sister,  who  was  deaf  and 
dumb.  The  insurrection  succeeded,  and 
Masaniello  was  elected  by  his  rabble 
"chief  magistrate  of  Portici ;  "  but  ht 
became  intoxicated  with  his  greainess, 
so  the  mob  6hot  him,  and  flung  his  dead 
body  into  a  ditch.     Next  day,  however, 


U  \  JCARILLE. 


m  \i  miti 


it  w its  taken  out  end  interred  with  Bach 
ceremony    end    pomp.      When     I 
beerd  of  her  brother*!  death,  she  threw 
into  the  ei  n  iue. 

%•  Anber  baa  u  opera  on  the  subject 
(1831 1,  the  libretto   by  Scril 

the  same  subject  fur  an  open 

previously. 

Mascarillo  (•'(  syl.),  the  valet  of  I-a 
Grange.  In  order  to  reform  two  silly, 
romantic  girls,  I  .a  Grange  and  I>>t  • 
Introduce  to  them  their  valets,  .is  the 
"marquis of  hfa8carille"and  the"  discount 
of  Jodi  lei ."  The  (,'irK  are  taken  with  their 
"aristocratic  visitors;*1  but  whi 
game  has  gone  tar  enough,  the  masters 

enter   ami    unmask    the    tl  By    this 

meani  the  girls  are  taught  a  moat  aseful 

:,  and    are   saved    from    anv   serious 

ill  consequences. — Moliere,  La  J'recicuses 

%*    Moliere    had    already    intr 

the   same   name    in   two   other   of    his 
comedies,  L'Etourdi  (1663}  and  !■<■  De'jpit 

Amounux  (lti.vi). 

Masetto,  a  ru  I  to  Zerllna; 

but  < li 'ii  Giovanni  intervenes  before  the 
wedding,  and  deludes  Die  foolish  girl 
into  believing  that  he  means  tw  make  bar 
a  great  lady  and  his  wife.  -Mozart,  Don 
mi  (libretto  by  L.  da  I'onte,  lr.s'j. 

Mask'woll,    the     "double     dealer." 

lb    pretends  to  love  lady  Touchwood, 

but    it    is    only    to    make   her    a    tool    tor 

breaking  the  attachment  betweeo  Melle- 
font    (2  tyl.)    and    Cynthia,     liaskwell 

Is  friendship  for  M.llefont  im  n  I\ 
to  throw  dust  iti   his  eyes   respecting  his 

designs  to  carry  oil  Cynthia,  to  whom 
:it    is    betrothed.     Cunning    and 
hypocrisy  are  Haskwell's  tubstitul 

■  .  ami  honesty.  — W.  I 
Double  Dealer  (l7oo). 

Mason  (  William).    '1  be  medallion  to 
this  paat  la   Westminster  Abbey   was  by 

Raessji 

Mast  {The   Tallest).    The  mainmast 

of  the  .1/  i  r ,    / 

"that   the   DO]    who  (limbed    it  Would   be 

gray  with  extreme  age  before  he  could 

. 
'■ 

Mastor  {The).   Goethe  is  call. 
Meittt  r  ( i . 

■      I  l«wcii  j..  ■    i  i.i  |«  n  •ucmUc  on 

I  '  Tti»  Majtar."— JraoM  dtmtrmtmma. 

MuaUr   Adam.    I  .,,t,  Uie 

■Veooh  poet  (1i><jj  1662). 


Master  Hamphr<  .rratnr 

Shop." — C.  Uicki  .  i 

Clock  { I  - 

Master  Loonard,  gran 

He 

■ 

horned   goat  with  a   black  human 
face. — Mid 

Master,  liku  Ma  a 

Such  niUtroM,  such  Nut ; 
oucu  nuulcr.  .udi  iuaii 

TllMBT.  UlrilL  3. 

Agaia  i 

Buch  nuutrr,  »K*h  nwn  ;  Am]  lech  mUtrna).  luch  biaM ; 
Such  Lu  Uiii'l  i ill  buswll 

T.  Tu»cr.  mm  /lu-t  1-  ; 

IliuUxndry,  nili.  ii 

Master  Matthew,  a  town  gall.— 
Ben  Jonson,  Ever%  Man  hi  Hit  I. 

■nmirlii  th*  rhanrter  of  'Nn» 

a 

..iMjur  ui 
•■i.iitiicw."— /;jinhir;»  WmUm, 

Master  Stephen,  a  .•    intry 
melancholy  humour.    (S     to  Hat- 

tiii  w.i- Ken  Jonson,  Every  Man  in  Ji.s 

Master  of  Sontonces,  1 
bard,  author  of  a  book    call.   : 
(1100-1164). 

Masters  hysician  t 

Elizabeth.  -Sir    \V.    scott, 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Matt  ftGchaat 

O'Clerighe 

Conry  .  I  onry  ;  eul 

Annuls 

Mat    Mizen,    mate    of    II. If.   *hip 
of  a  darii 
..\i!    English    sailor.     I!:-   advent* 
tares  with  Harry  Clifton  In  Delhi  foraj 

the  main  incidents  of  Barrymore'i  molo* 

' 

Mat-o'-the-Mint,   a    hlghwayvaa 
in    captain   Mi.  heath's    f:nn^.      l'e.ichum 
He  is  a  promising,  sturdy  follow, 
and  diligent  in  h 

bold  ii 

contributions  on  the  public, 
not  cut  Inn.  -<j»y, 

.-,  i.  (1727). 

Ii   of    king 
Pierroo  of  the  i  I  land,  and  motlier 

(•f   prince   <  rriant  one  of   the 

■•  of  Bouillon. — Hahtwuxi  Jivmamot 
oj  Qkmikrft 


MATHEMATICAL  CALCULATORS.  622 


MATTHIAS  DE  SILYA. 


Mathematical  Calculators. 

George  Parkes  Bidder,  president  of  the 
Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  (1800-       ). 

Jedediah  Buxton  of  Elmeton,  in  Derby- 
shire. He  would  tell  how  many  letters 
were  in  any  one  of  his  father's  sermons, 
after  hearing  it  from  the  pulpit.  He 
went  to  hear  Garrick,  in  Richard  III.,  and 
told  how  many  words  each  actor  uttered 
1705-1775). 

Zerah  Colbum  of  Vermont,  U.S.,  came 
to  London  in  1812,  when  he  was  eight 
vears  old.  The  duke  of  Gloucester  set 
him  to  multiply  five  figures  by  three,  and 
he  gave  the  answer  instantly.  He  would 
extract  the  cube  root  of  nine  figures  in  a 
few  seconds  (1804—        ). 

Vito  Mangiamele,  son  of  a  Sicilian  shep- 
herd. In  1839  MM.  Arago,  Lacroix,  Libri, 
and  Sturm,  examined  the  boy,  then  11 
years  old,  and  in  half  a  minute  he  told 
them  the  cube  root  of  seven  figures,  and 
in  three  seconds  of  nine  figures  (1818-     ). 

Alfragan,  the  Arabian  astronomer  (died 
820). 

Mathilde  (2  syl.),  heroine  of  a  tale 
bo  called  by  Sophie  Ristaud,  Dame  Cottin 
(1773-1807). 

Mathti'de  (3  syl.),  sister  of  Gessler  the 
tyrannical  governor  of  Switzerland,  in 
love  with  Arnoldo  a  Swiss,  who  saved 
her  life  when  it  was  imperilled  by  an 
avalanche.  After  the  death  of  Gessler, 
she  married  the  bold  Swiss. — Rossini, 
Gugliclmo  Tell  (an  opera,  1829). 

Mathis,  a  German  miller,  greatly  in 
lebt.  One  Christmas  Eve  a  Polish  Jew 
came  to  his  house  in  a  sledge,  and,  after 
rest  and  refreshment,  started  for  Nantzig, 
''four  leagues  off."  Mathis  followed 
him,  killed  him  with  an  axe,  and  burnt 
the  body  in  a  lime-kiln.  He  then  paid 
his  debts,  greatly  prospered,  and  became 
a  highly  respected  burgomaster.  On  the 
wedding  night  of  his  only  child,  Annette, 
he  died  of  apoplexy,  of  which  he  had 
previous  warning  by  the  constant  sound 
of  sledge-bells  in  his  ears.  In  his  dream 
he  supposed  himself  put  into  a  mesmeric 
sleep  in  open  court,  when  he  confessed 
everything,  and  was  executed. — J.  R. 
Ware,  The  Polish  Jew. 

%*  This  is  the  character  which  first 
introduced  II.  Irving  to  public  notice. 

Math'isen,  one  of  the  three  ana- 
baptists who  induced  John  of  Leyden  to 
join  their  rebellion  ;  but  no  sooner  was 
John  proclaimed  "  the  prophet-king " 
than  the  three  rebels  betrayed  him  to  the 


emperor.  When  the  villains  entered  the 
banquet-hall  to  arrest  their  dupe,  they  all 
perished  in  the  flames  of  the  burning 
palace. — Meyerbeer,  Le  Prophete  (an 
opera,  1849). 

Matil'da,  sister  of  Rollo  and  Otto 
dukes  of  Normandy,  and  daughter  of 
Sophia. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Ike 
Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

Matilda,  daughter  of  lord  Robert  Fitz- 
walter. 

%*  Michael  Drayton  has  a  poem  of 
some  650  lines  so  called. 

Matilda,  daughter  of  Rokeby,  and  niece 
of  Mortham.  Matilda  was  beloved  by 
Wilfred,  son  of  Oswald  ;  but  she  herself 
loved  Redmond,  her  father's  page,  who 
turned  out  to  be  Mortham's  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Rokeby  (1812). 

Matsys  (Quintin),  a  blacksmith  of 
Antwerp.  He  fell  in  love  with  Liza  the 
daughter  of  Johann  Mandyn,  the  artist. 
The  father  declared  that  none  but  an 
artist  should  have  her  to  wife  ;  so  Matsys 
relinquished  his  trade,  and  devoted  him- 
self to  painting.  After  a  while,  he  went 
into  the  studio  of  Mandyn  to  see  his 
picture  of  the  fallen  angels  ;  and  on  the 
outstretched  leg  of  one  of  the  figures 
painted  a  bee.  This  was  so  life-like 
that,  when  the  old  man  returned,  he 
proceeded  to  frighten  it  off  with  his 
handkerchief.  When  he  discovered  the 
deception,  and  found  out  it  was  done 
by  Matsys,  he  was  so  delighted  that  he 
at  once  gave  Liza  to  him  for  wife. 

Matthew  Merrygreek,  the  ser- 
vant of  Ralph  Roister  Doister.  He  is  a 
flesh-and-blood  representative  of  "vice" 
in  the  old  morality-plays.  —  Nicholas 
Udall,  Ralph  Roister  Doister  (the  first 
English  comedy,  1634). 

Matthias  de  Moncada,  a  mer- 
cnant.  He  is  the  father  of  Mrs.  Wither- 
ington,  wife  of  general  Witherington. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's  Daughter 
(time,  George  II.). 

Matthias  de  Silva  (Don),  a  Span- 
ish beau.  This  exquisite  one  day  re- 
ceived a  challenge  for  defamation  soon 
after  he  had  retired  to  bed,  and  said  to 
his  valet,  "  I  would  not  get  up  before 
noon  to  make  one  in  the  best  party  of 
pleasure  that  was  ever  projected.  Judge, 
then,  if  I  shall  rise  at  six  o'clock  in  the 
morning  to  get  my  throat  cut." — Lesage, 
Gil  Bias,  iii.  8  (1715). 

(This  reply  was  borrowed    from   the 


MATTIE. 


623 


MAURI  -GASIMA. 


romam-e    of   Bnpinel.  entitled    Vida  dkl 

A>  -n,  1018.) 

Mattio,  maidservant  of  Bailie  Nicol 
Jarvie,  and  after  wards  bis  wife. — Sir  \V. 
Bcott,  Rob  Soy  (time,  George  I.). 

Maud,  a  young  ladji  described  as: 

K»ultiljr  Uultlro,  Icilj  reiciUr.  ipitadllttjl  mill. 

DO,  Maud.  I.  II. 

Maudo  (1  *://.),  wile  of  Peter  Prate- 
,  fast,  "  who  loved  cleanliness." 

-    Ik  r  dhfeM  frum  Ml  bolMMil 

All. I   wli.'li  Jl.'   1. 1.  k.-l  ■  'I   fAJ-lo, 

Bba  w>i»-<i  Ikt  iiiiiii-i  win*  hrr  doon  t»>ll. 

HtcpliLii  11. mm,  /Vio  Ciiuc-ljiM  u'  J'laurc.llll   (1510). 

Mauris,  the  Nestor  of  French  ro- 
mance.  He  was  one  of  Charlemagne's 
paladins,  ■  magician  and  champion. 

•»*  In  Italian  romance  h«-  is  called 
"Malagigi"  {q.V.). 

Maugis  d'Aygremont,  «on  of 
duke  Revis  d'Aygremont,  Btolen  in  in- 
fancy by  a  female  slave.  As  the  slave 
tested  nnder  ■  whitc-thom,  a  lion  and 
a  leopard  devoured  her,  and  tli<'n  killed 
each  other  in  disputing  over  the  u 
Oriande  la  fee,  attracted  to  the  spot  by 
the  ctj  ing  of  tJ i «*  child,  exclaimed,  "  By 
the  powers  above,  the  child  is  trial  gist 
(•  badly  nursed ') ! "  and  ever  after  il  was 
called  Iffal-giet  or  Hau-gis*.  Whengrown 

to  manh I,  he  obtained  the  enchanted 

hone  Bayard,  and  t""k  from  Anthenor 
(the  Saracen)  the  sword  Flamberge.  Sub- 
sequently, be  gave  1  ■  <  ■  1 1 »  to  bis  cousin 
Benaud  (llenalao).-  Romance  of  Maugii 
(FAygremont  et  at  Vivktnton  I  ■ 

*»*  In  the  Italian  romance,  Maugis  is 
called    "  M.'ii.i.  i.-i,"  Bevis  is   "Buovo," 
liaynnl    in    ,,Bayardo,"     Flambei 
"  Fuabeita,"  and  vU  oaud  is  "  Renaldo." 

Maupcrabin  [Zamet),  a  Bohemian 
huu^'  near  I  I  "ur.<. 

vddin  Mavgrabin,  the  "Zii 
broth*  r  of    Zamet    Maugrabin.     He  aa- 
sames  the  diaguiae  of   Rouge  Sanglier, 
ami  pretends  t"  be  a  herald  from  Liege 
[  /.  ■.■>_,■■  r     Sir  W  ... 

(time,  Edward  I  I  .  . 

Mau'praby,    aon    of     Hal-il  Man- 
crfiliy    mi. I    his    wife    Tandar.     Hal  d- 
Maugraby  founded   Dom-Daniel  "  under 
the  r>->ts  of  i in-  oc4  an  "  Dear  t' 
of    Tunis,  and    his    aon    e  mpl< 
He    and    bis    son     were 
magicians  that  ever  lived.      Ifaugrabj 
tun  K i  1  lt<l  by  prince  Habed-il-Rouman, 
•on  of  tin  caliph  of  Syria,  and  with  bis 
death    I h . i n  Daniel    ceased     t<>    exipt.  - 


Contim  .      ■  its  ("  Hia 

tory  of  Ifaugraby  "). 

IM.l    llirjr    ti-.t    *jr    U,  ui    r»«rr   <1*7    ll.it     if    »»    w»»» 
■    .lid  lmk«  UJ  1— lon/ln»UI«  V 

Maufrys,  a  giant  wh 

n  bich  a  In  : 
!.    ^ir  l.\  bius,  one  of  the  knichia 
rif  the  Round  I  able,  did  i  him, 

slew    him,    and    liberated    the    lady.— 
.  t  (a  romance)). 

Maul,  a    giant    who    ni  I 

young  pilgrims  with  sophistry.     !!•    it* 
tacked  Mr.  Greatheart  with  a  clul 
Greatheart  pierced  him   under  the  fifth 
ril>,  and  then  cut  oft  his  head. — 1- 
Pilgrim 

Maul   of  Monks,  Thomas    I 
well,  risitoi 

which  lie  summarily 

Maulstat  ate 

Sir  VI  .  Scott,  J  •  !  time, 

Charles  II.). 

Maun'drul,  a  weai  —  *  I  *»   * 

chattering  ■  oman. 

"  Baod   )"ur   •  uir«ron. 

throwing  tl  i  -»J  •ii>l)><>(  ■ 

-mi  >n  .irui  Hast,  Hi.  81. 

Mam  I 

a    person    in  delirium,  or  t!..  I 

gabble  of  a  sl«  ;  i  r. 

*,*  The  word  is  said  to  Ik-  a  corrup- 
tion of  Mandeville  (strJi  ra),  who  \m\>- 
liahed  ■  Look  of  trii\<-ls,  full  Of  idle  tales 

and  maundering  g 

Mauprat    (Adrien  '•    and 

chevalier   in    the    king's    army;    "the 

wildest    gallant    and  bravest  knij         ' 

France."     He    married    Julie;    but    tho 

k in^c  accused  him  of  treason  for  so  doing, 

and   sent  him    to    the    Bastille.     Being 

l   by  the   cardinal   Richelieu,  ho 

rgiven,  and  made  happy  with  tha 

the     ah 

.     - 

Mm.  r),  a   miser, 

hildren  of  I 

- 
having  two  ir  and  Pen 

Maurice  hin  U>  murdei 

but   hi  "1,   a»d  the 

ui  lit     BO     his     grave    "  a    fordid, 
spat-up 
rascally  poor  cousin."—  !-•  rd  Lytt 

■ 

:.i.    an     island     nwt 

■;i,  t-aid   to  have   Uen  punk   m   the 


MAUSE. 


624 


MAXIMUS. 


tea  in  consequence  of  the  great  crimes  of 
its  inhabitants. — Kcempfer,  Japan. 

The  cities  of  the  plain,  we  are  told  in 
the  Bible,  were  sunk  under  the  waters  of 
the  Dead  Sea  for  a  similar  reason. 

Mause  (Old),  mother  of  Cuddie 
Headrigg,  and  a  covenanter. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Mauso'lus,  king  of  Caria,  to  whom 
his  wife  Artemisia  erected  a  sepulchre 
which  was  one  of  the  "  Seven  Wonders 
of  the  World"  (b.c.  353). 

Ttie  chief  mausoleums  besides  this  are 
those  of  Augustus  ;  Hadrian  (now  called 
the  caatle  of  St.  Angelo)  at  Rome  ;  Henri 
II.,  erected  by  Catherine  de  Medicis  ;  St. 
Peter  the  Martyr  in  the  church  of  St. 
Eustatius,  by  G.  Balduccio  ;  that  to  the 
memory  of  Louis  XVI.  ;  and  the  tomb  of 
Napoleon  in  Les  Invalides,  Paris.  The 
one  erected  by  queen  Victoria  to  prince 
Albert  may  also  be  mentioned. 

Mauthe  Dog,  a  black  spectre 
6paniel  that  haunted  the  guard-room  of 
Peeltown  in  the  Isle  of  Man.  One  day, 
a  drunken  trooper  entered  the  guard- 
room while  the  dog  was  there,  but  lost 
his  speech,  and  died  within  three  days. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel, 
vi.  26  (1805). 

Mauxalin'da,  in  love  with  Moore  of 
Moore  Hall  ;  but  the  valiant  combatant 
of  the  dragon  deserts  her  for  Margery, 
daughter  of  Gubbins,  of  Koth'ram  Green. 
— H.  Carey,  Dragon  of  Wantley  (1G96- 
1743). 

Mavortian,  a  soldier  or  son  of 
Mavors  (Mars). 

Hew  dreadfull  Mavortian  the  poor  price  of  a  dinner. — 
Richard  Brume,  Playi  (1653). 

Mavournin,  Irish  for  "  darling." 
Erin  mavournin  ("  Ireland,  my  darling  "). 

Land  of  my  forefathers  !  Erin  go  brngh  ! 
Buried  and  cold,,  when  my  heart  stills  her  motion  ; 
Green  be  thy  fields,  tfireetest  isle  of  the  ocean  ; 
And  thy  harp-striking  hards  sing  aloud  with  devotion. 

Grin  mavournin  1  Erin  go  I. rani.  1 

Campbell,  Exile  of  Erin. 

%*  Bragh  =  braw,  to  rhyme  with 
"draw,"  ''Erin  go  bragh!"  i.e.  "Ire- 
land for  ever ! " 

Mawworm,  a  vulgar  copy  of  Dr. 
Cantwell  "  the  hypocrite."  lie  is  a  most 
gross  abuser  of  his  mother  tongue,  but 
believes  he  has  a  call  to  preach.  He  tells 
old  lady  Lambert  that  he  has  made 
several  sermons  already,  but  "always 
does  'em  extrumpery  "  because  he  could 
not  write.  He  finds  his  "  religious  voca- 
tion"     more     profitable     than     selling 


"grocery,  tea,  small  beer,  charcoal, 
butter,  brickdust,  and  other  spices,"  and 
so  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  it  "  is 
sinful  to  keep  shop."  He  is  a  convert  of 
Dr.  Cantwell,  and  believes  in  him  to  the 
last. 

Do  despise  me;  I'm  the  prouder  for  It.  I  like  to  b* 
despised.— 1.  Bickerstaff,  Th*  Hypocrite,  li.  1  (1763). 

Max,  a  huntsman,  and  the  best 
marksman  in  Germany.  He  was  plighted 
to  Agatha,  who  was  to  be  his  wife,  if  he 
won  the  prize  in  the  annual  match.  Cas- 
par induced  Max  to  go  to  the  wolfs  glen 
at  midnight  and  obtain  seven  charmed 
balls  from  Samiel  the  Black  Huntsman. 
On  the  day  of  contest,  while  Max  was 
shooting,  he  killed  Caspar  who  was  con- 
cealed in  a  tree,  and  the  king  in  conse- 
quence abolished  this  annual  fete.-  — 
Weber,  Dcr  Freischiitz  (an  opera,  1822). 

Maxime  (2  syl.),  an  officer  of  the 
prefect  Almachius.  He  was  ordered  to 
put  to  death  Valirian  and  Tibur'ce,  be- 
cause they  refused  to  worship  the  image 
of  Jupiter ;  but  he  took  pity  on  them, 
took  them  to  his  house,  became  con- 
verted, and  was  baptized.  When  Valirian 
and  Tiburce  were  afterwards  martyred, 
Maxime  said  he  saw  angels  come  and 
earn-  them  to  heaven,  whereupon  Alma- 
chius caused  him  to  be  beaten  with  rods 
"til  he  his  lif  gan  lete." — Chaucer,  Can- 
terbury Talcs  ("  Second  Nun's  Tale," 
1388). 

%*  This  is  based  on  the  story  of. 
"Cecilia"  in  the  Lcyenda  Aurea  ;  and 
both  are  imitations  of  the  story  of  Paul 
and  the  jailer  of  Philippi  (Acts  xvi. 
19-34). 

Maximil'iari  (son  of  Frederick  III.), 
the  hero  of  the  Teuerdank,  the  Orlando 
Furioso  of  the  Germans,  by  Melchior 
Pfinzing. 

.  .  .  [here]  In  old  heroic  days, 
Sat  the  poet  Melchior,  singing  kaiser  Maximilian's  prmls*. 
Longfellow,  Nuremberg. 

Maximin,  a  Roman  tyrant. — Dryden, 
Tyrannic  Love  or  The  Royal  Martyr. 

Maximus  (called  by  Geoffrey,  "Max- 
imian"),  a  Roman  senator,  who,  in  381, 
was  invited  to  become  king  of  Britain. 
He  conquered  Armorica  (Bretayne),  and 
"published  a  decree  for  the  assembling 
together  there  of  100,000  of  the  con.inon 
people  of  Britain,  to  colonize  the  land, 
and  30,000  soldiers  to  defend  the  colony." 
Hence  Armorica  was  called,  "The  other 
Britain"  or  "  Little  Britain." — Geoffrey, 
British  History,  v.  14  (U4J2). 


MAXWELL. 


626 


MATLIE. 


0»l  V  i  buil. 

whav  •  fall. 

Arny".    ..   ■  .   .r«.    ,    . 

m  I  Itll-  iwiLali. 

I>ra;tim.  ;• .,  k.,tUvn.  li.  |I615). 

Mai  ;iity    chamberlain    at 

.'l/.'J     o/ 

A'i/W  (time,  .Iiiiin-5  I.). 

Maxwell  (Mr.  Pate),  laird  of  Summer- 
tlled  "  I " ■  1 1 . -  in  Peril  ;  "  one  "f  the 

J «pia(  conspirators  with  Redgauntlet.  — 
lir  \Y.  Bcott,  R  dgauntii  t  .  I 

III.). 

Maxwell  (The  Bight  Eon.  WOltam), 
lord  Evandaie,  to  officer  in  tin-  king's 
nnnv.  SirW.8  '.  Old  Mortality  (Urn*. 
Charles  II.). 

May,  a  pirl  who  married  January,  a 
Lombard  baron  60  years  old. 
Damyan,  n  young  squire;  end  •in'1  day 
the  l » : l r - •  1 1  caught  Damyan  and  M.yv  fond- 
ling each  other,  but  the  yonng  wife  told 
Iut  husband  hu  eyes  were  so  defective 
tluit  they  could  not  be  trusted.  The 
old  man  accepted  tin-  solution    for  what 

is    better    than    "a  fruitful    wife    and    a 
confidii  '  irbury 

Talet  ("The  Merchant's  Tale,"  i 

May  unlucky  for  Brides.    Mary 
queen  of  Scotland  married  Bothwell,  the 
murderer  <>f  her  husband  1< > r.  1  Da 
on  May  i'-'. 

tlrnn  malum  Malo  nuberc  v 

■  •n.  r. 

May-Day  (/>'/),  May  l,  1517,  when 

the  London  apprentices   roee  np  against 

the  foreign  residents  and  did  incalculable 

mischief.    This  riot  began   May  l,  end 

till  May  -.'J. 

May  Quoon  [The),  a  poem  in  three 

by     Tennj  ice,    a 

bright-eyed,    merry    child,   was    choeen 

May  queen,  and,  being  afraid  she  might 

tola  her  mother  t>i  be 

I  tlrrp  m-\  »«in  !     .  her.   tl\l  I  .hall  narar 

not  rail  m«  I ■«>•!  what,  • 

: 

■p, 

>  •  a  o'  Ilia  Ma;.  111  ilicr,  luloto  qua**) 

o'  Uio  M»j. 

The  old  j  •  ir  v,  and  the  black- 

ayi  l,    rustic    maiden    *  She 

1  .  .-t  the  o<  •■■  re  her 

t\  i  -i,  closed  in  death,  and  beds  hei  mother 
*  uti  to  be  sure  to  cal I  her  ■ 

tut  it  waa  n"t  noe  bei  i  » 
■oemdly.    Alaa !  no. 

'■  -    t.   iwprt  ■OaaWaTi    rmll    ma   (--f  r»  U>«  daj  to 

a  I  lis  avike.  but  I  fall  a^ln  p  at  moi  ■  , 

J  7 


•  Trwr. 

..... 

The    d  ,    but 

Alice  I 

)■ 
mty,  in   her  ; 

■ 
of  lore  ;  but  now  that  she  « 
tlic   land   of  shadows,   her 
were: 

And  mj  to  Robin  a  kind  word,  and  trll  him  n  •• 
Tberr'i  man?  worthier  than  I.    »  . 

»et. 
If  I  l«.l  llrr,|_|      . 
but  all  lhaag  tiling  hare  osuol  u>  be,  with  mr  daalra  \A 

Mr. 

Mayo   (The),  that    subtile    m 

. 
uuipiree.     Plato,   I 
other  ancient  phil 

which    stirs    within    u-.'       [] 

ri  inner  teUM  t..  the  outward  w..rd, 
and  in  common  minds  il 

'  is   an 

Indian  deity,  and  . 
■  ,..ii.'* 

Martin  , 

e  aan.  rr-aar  &  •■ 

Mayoux. 
n  man  deformed,  vain,  and  lie 
witty  and   brave.     It 
number  <<f    French   romances  a:.  . 

eat  iin  -. 

Mayflower,    a   shi 
which,  in  December,   l  :  fr.itn 

Plymouth,  an 

in  Nor'  In.'  puritans,  ■ailed  the 

Plymouth. 

■  m*,  and  l).»  rwrl;in«  Ixavrla  at 

aeries  in  i 

M  .   and  aunt 

Uvea  u ith  her. 

MM  more  a4«aj  • 


MAYOR  OF  GARRATT. 


626 


M  EAGLES. 


■fie.  Dressed  with  the  utmost  nicety  and  precision  in  a 
quaint  mixture  of  bygone  costume,  with  some  slight  con- 
cessions to  the  prevailing  taste,  which  rather  served  to 
point  the  old  style  pleasantly  than  to  impair  its  effect,  she 
eat  in  a  stately  manner,  with  her  hands  folded  before  her. 
— Ch.  xxix. 

Harry  Maylie,  Mrs.  Maylie's  son.  He 
marries  his  cousin  Rose  Fleming. — C. 
Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

Mayor  of  Garratt  {The).  Garratt 
is  between  Wandsworth  and  Tooting. 
The  first  mayor  of  this  village  was 
elected  towards  the  close  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  and  the  election  came 
about  thus :  Garratt  Common  had  often 
seen  encroached  on,  and  in  1780  the  in- 
habitants associated  themselves  together 
to  defend  their  rights.  The  chairman 
was  called  Mayor,  and  as  it  happened  to 
be  the  time  of  a  general  election,  the 
society  made  it  a  law  that  a  new 
"  mayor "  should  be  elected  at  every 
general  election.  The  addresses  of  these 
mayors,  written  by  Foote,  Garrick, 
Wilks,  and  others,  are  satires  and  politi- 
cal squibs.  The  first  mayor  of  Garratt 
was  "sir"  John  Harper,  a  retailer  of 
brickdust ;  and  the  last  was  "  sir"  Harry 
Dimsdale,  a  muffin-seller  (1796).  In 
Foote's  farce  so  called,  Jerry  Sneak  is 
chosen  mayor,  son-in-law  of  the  land- 
lord (1763). 

Mayors  {Lord)  who  have  founded 
noble  houses : 

Lord  Mayor. 
Aveland  (r.ord),  from  sir  Gilbert  Heathcote  •    1711 
BACON  (Lord),  from  sir  Thomas  Cooke,  draper     1557 
Bath  (Marquis  of),  from  sir  Rowland  Hey- 

ward,  cloth-worker  .....    1570 

BhaybrooKB  (Lord),  from  sir  John  Gresham, 

grocer 1547 

Brooke  (Lord),  from  sir  Samuel  Dashwood, 

vintner 1702 

Buckingham  (Duke  of),  from  sir  John  Gre- 

shnra,  grocer 1547 

Compton   (Lord),   from    sir    Wokton    Dixie, 

skinner 1585 

Cranbournk  (Vltcount),  from  sir  Christopher 

Gascoigiie 1753 

Denbiou  (Earl  of),  from  sir  Godfrey  Fielding, 

mercer 1452 

Donne  ( VUoount),  from  sir  Gilbert  Heathcote    1711 
Fttzwilliam    (Earl    of),    from    sir   Thomas 

Cooke,  draper 1557 

Paljierston  (Lord),  from  sir  John  Houblon, 

grocer 1695 

8A1I8BURY  (Marquit   of),  from  sir   Thomas 

Cooke,  draper 1557 

Warwick  (Earl  of),  from  sir  Samuel  Dash- 
wood,  vintner       -  ....        1702 
Wiltshire  (Earl  of),  from  sir  Godfrey  Boleine    1457 

(queen  Elizabeth  was  his  granddaughter). 

Maypole  ( The),  the  nickname  given 
to  Erangard  Melosine  de  Schulemberg, 
duchess  of  Kendal,  the  mistress  of 
George  I.,  on  account  of  her  leanness  and 
height  (1719,  died  1743). 

Mazagran,  in  Algeria.  Ever  since 
the  capture  of  this  town  by  the  French, 


black  coffee  diluted  with  cold  water  for  a 
beverage  has  been  called  un  Mazagran. 

Mazarin  of  Letters  (The), 
D'Alembert  (1717-1783). 

Mazarine  (A),  a  common  council- 
man of  London ;  so  called  from  the 
mazarine-blue  silk  gown  worn  by  this 
civil  functionary. 

Mazeppa  (Jan),  a  hetman  of  the 
Cossacks,  born  of  a  noble  Polish  family 
in  Podolia.  He  was  a  page  in  the  court 
of  Jan  Casimir  king  of  Poland,  and  while 
in  this  capacity  intrigued  with  Theresia 
the  young  wife  of  a  Podolian  count,  who 
discovered  the  amour,  and  had  the  young 
page  lashed  to  a  wild  horse,  and  turned 
adrift.  The  horse  rushed  in  mad  fury, 
and  dropped  down  dead  in  the  Ukraine, 
whore  Mazeppa  was  released  by  a  Cos- 
sack, who  nursed  him  carefully  in  his 
own  hut.  In  time  the  young  page 
became  a  prince  of  the  Ukraine,  but 
fought  against  Russia  in  the  battle  of 
Pultowa.  Lord  Byron  (1819)  makes 
Mazeppa  tell  his  tale  to  Charles  XII. 
after  the  battle  (1640-1709). 

"Muster  Richardson  "  had  a  fine  appreciation  of  genius, 
and  left  the  original  "Mazeppa"  at  Alley's  a  handsome 
legacy  [176&-1836J  —Mark  Lemon. 

M.  B.  Waistcoat,  a  clerical  waist- 
coat. M.  B.  means  "  Mark  [of  the] 
Beast ; "  so  called  because,  when  these 
waistcoats  were  first  worn  by  protestant 
clergymen  (about  1830),  they  were  stig- 
matized as  indicating  a  popish  tendency. 

He  smiled  at  the  folly  which  stigmatized  an  M.  B. 
waistcoat.— Mrs.  Oliphant,  Phabe,  Jun.,  li.  1. 

Meadows  (Sir  William),  a  kind 
country  gentleman,  the  friend  of  Jack 
Eustace  and  father  of  young  Meadows. 

Young  Meadows  left  his  father's  home 
because  the  old  gentleman  wanted  him  to 
marry  Rosetta,  whom  he  had  never  seen. 
He  called  himself  Thomas,  and  entered 
the  service  of  justice  Woodcock  as  gar- 
dener. Here  he  fell  in  love  with  the 
supposed  chamber-maid,  who  proved  to 
be  Rosetta,  and  their  marriage  fulfilled  the 
desire  of  all  the  parties  interested. — I. 
Bickerstaff,  Love  in  a  Village. 

Charles  Dignum  made  his  dibut  at  Drury  Lane,  In  1784, 
in  the  character  of  "  Young  Meadows."  His  voice  was  so 
clear  and  full-toned,  and  his  manner  of  singing  so  judi- 
cious, that  he  was  received  with  the  warmest  applause.— 
Dictionary  of  Muticiaru. 

Meagles  (Mr.),  an  eminently  "prac- 
tical man,"  who,  being  well  off,  travelled 
over  the  world  for  pleasure.  His  party 
consisted  of  himself,  his  daughter  Pet. 


MKAI.ITi:  PLOT. 


627 


MEDEC1N  MALGRE  LCI. 


and  his  duo  died  Tatty- 

OOtam.     A  j(  I  -.  '■'■ 

but    ''.•  .ir    ...  •!.    shrewd,    and 
vcrinij. 

tea.  « if'1  "f  tin-  "  1 1 
man,"  mill  mother  <>f  Pet. — C  iiickens, 
Little  J'omt  (1861   . 

Moal-Tub   Plot,  a  fictitious   con- 
ppinn';.  .  by  Dangerfield  fur  the 

I  ntting  off  those  who  • 

tin-  su  I  James  duke  of   Y'>rk, 

afterwards  James  II.    The  scheme  was 
ded  in  ■  meal-tab  in  the  house  of 
Mrs.  Oelliet  (1686). 

Measure  for  Measure  Th<  re 
,  iw  in  Vienna  1 1 
for  ■  man  to  live  with  a  woman  not  ! i i r* 
wife;  bat  the  law  was  so  little  enforced 
Unit  the  mothers  of  Vienna  complained  to 
the   duke    of    its   neglect.      9  •     tluke 

depnted  Angela  to  eni 
Burning  the  s  friar,   absented 

I    awhile,    to    •••  result, 

Ij  «:ii  the  duke  .  laudio 

was  .-•  d< nth  for  viola! i 

law.     1  Lis  sister  I  iab<  I  went  to  i  I 

on    his    behalf,   ami    Angelo   told    her  he 

would  spare  hex  brother  if   she  would 
i         e   his  Phrynd.      Isabel    told    her 

brother  he  must  prepare  t"  die,  as  Uie 
conditions  proposed  by  Angelo  were  out 
of  the  question.  'I  be  duke, 
a  fri.ir,  heard  the  whole  story,  and  per- 
suaded I  - al  ■  ol  in  n  oris."  but 
to  send  M.iri.inii  (the  divorced  wife  of 
Angelo)  to  take  bet  place.     This  was 

done  ;    hut      '  it    tin-    prOTOtt    t.> 

1  ( Haudio,  ii  crime  which  "  i\<- 
friar"  contrived  tu  avert.  N<  xl  day,  the 
duke  returned  to  the  city,  and  Isabel  told 

ha  tih'.      1  he  <  nd  Was,  the  tluke  married 

Isabel.  Angelo  took  back  his  wife,  and 
Clandio  married   Juliet    whom    he   had 

■ 

is    from    \ 
Eeptamen  n  \   similar  story  is 

I    third 
decade  of  at 

Modiiin'ot  lii.  the  Island  at  which  the 
flc.t  of  Pantaj  'niel  Landed  on  the  fourth 
day  of  their  roj  <.    .     Here  man] 
curioi  . .   "  the 

picture    of    a    d 

drawn   to   life,"  "  i  I 

nros's  atoms,  'a  tarn] 
Iomega'!  needlework,"  and  other  objects 
of  virtu  i"  i  nowhere  • 

Kabalsis,  Pcmtagrwt,  iv.  8  (1 


is  a  c"rn|>ound  C.r**k 

"nn  ] 

compound,  meaning  "  I  know  not  w 

and  A 

are  in  91" 
hit.  and  180"  1'  west  long.,  in 

Medea,  a  famous  soi 
who  married 

ind  aided  him  in 
of  the  golden  Hi  ece.  I 

• 

ride    • 

•  1  robe,  which  killed  l 
and  her  father.    Bii  di  i  then  ton 

hex  t w  ■  ■  sons,  and  Bed  in  a 

chariot  drawn  by  dragons. 

i  ipidi's ;  in  1  i   and 

by  <  '\  id  ;  in  Fi 

> 
■ 

Mr\  Yale*  iu  »  iuj<rb  "  Uaimx."— Thrwni  f*»iinilMl 

Med 

'■.is  (in 

tna,  and,  cutting  the  1  •  dj    into 

. 
the   father  might  I   in  picking 

them  up,  and  thus  be  unable  to  overtake 
the  fngitivt  .. 

H  -     . 

. 

\     •    .1  M.-lr..  peons  A'-*"'    ■ 
Bhftkttpcar*.    1    lltnr,    17.   HI  T.  ML  S     '.SK.I 

Medo'a'a  Kettle.     M>  !<  .1  the  «or- 
cnt  t"  pieces  an  old  mm,  th- 

■  r 

tations  changed  the  old  ran: 
lamb.  liters  of  Pel  ia    I 

they  would  have  their  I 
youth,   ns   £son    had 

killed  him,  and  put  th<  '  < 

caldron  ;  bul 

needful  incantation,  and  hi  the  olu  man 

Chanc*  ih*  i.'  -    v-'-«i 

If.  (I«.0>. 

m  1  deotn    M  .  Ltd      t#),    » 

3 

•  railed    in 

ordl  r  I  ,  ,   and 

Introduces  her  Ii 

The  dumb  sj.iril  i>  at  ■  !,  and 


MEDHAM. 


628 


MEGISSOGWON. 


the  lovers  made  happy  with  "  pills  matri- 
moniac." 

In  1733  Fielding  produced  a  farce 
called  The  Mock  Doctor,  which  was  hascd 
on  this  comedy.  The  doctor  he  calls 
"  Gregory,"  and  Ge"ronte  "  sir  Jasper." 
Lucinde,  the  dumb  girl,  he  calls  "Char- 
lotte," and  Anglicizes  her  lover  Leandre 
into  "  Leander." 

Medham  ("  the  teen"),  one  of 
Mahomet's  swords. 

Medicine.  So  the  alchemists  called 
the  matter  (whatever  it  might  bo)  by 
which  they  performed  their  transforma- 
tions: as,  for  example,  the  "philosopher's 
gtone,"  which  was  to  transmute  whatever 
it  touched  into  gold ;  "  the  elixir  of 
life,"  which  was  to  renew  old  age  to 
youth. 

How  much  unlike  art  thou.  Mark  Antony  ! 
Yet,  coming  from  him.  that  great  medicine  hath 
With  his  tinct  gilded  thee. 
Shakespeare,  A  nlony  and  Clco/xilra,  net  L  sc.  5  (1G08). 

Medicine  {The  Father  of),  Aretaeos  of 
Cappadocia  (second  and  third  centuries). 

%*  Also  Hippoc'ratcs  of  Cos  (n.c. 
460-367). 

Medi'na,  the  Golden  Mean  personi- 
fied. Step-sister  of  Elissa  {parsimony) 
and  Pcrissa  {extravagance).  The  three 
sisters  could  never  agree  on  any  subject. 
— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  (151*0). 

Mediterranean  Sea  {The  Key  of 
the),  the  fortress  of  Gibraltar. 

Medley  {Matthew),  the  factotum  of 
sir  Walter  Waring.  He  marries  Dolly, 
daughter  of  Goodman  Fairlop  the  wood- 
man.— Sir  II.  P.  Dudlev,  1'hc  Woodman 
(1771). 

Medo'ra,  the  beloved  wife  of  Conrad 
the  corsair.  When  Conrad  was  taken 
captive  by  the  pacha  Seyd,  Medora  sat 
day  after  day  expecting  his  return,  and 
feeling  the  heart-anguish  of  hope  deferred. 
Still  he  returned  not,  and  Medora  died. 
In  the  meantime,  Gulnare,  the  favourite 
concubine  of  Seyd,  murdered  the  pacha, 
liberated  Conrad,  and  sailed  with  him  to 
the  corsair's  island  home.  When,  however, 
Conrad  found  his  wife  dead,  he  quitted 
the  island,  and  went  no  one  knew  whither. 
The  sequel  of  the  story  forms  the  poem 
called  Lara. — Byron,  Tl\c  Corsair  (1814). 

Medo'ro,  a  Moorish  youth  of  extra- 
ordinary beauty,  but  of  humble  race ; 
page  to  Agramante.  Being  wounded, 
Angelica  dressed  his  wounds,  fell  in  love 
with  him,  married  him,  and  retired  with 
him   to  Cathay,   where,    in  right   of   his 


wife,  he  became  king.  This  was  th« 
cause  of  Orlando's  madness. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

When  don  Boldan  [Orlando]  discovered  In  a  fountain 
proofs  of  Angelica's  dishonourable  conduct  with  Medoro, 
it  distracted  him  to  such  a  degree  that  he  tore  up  hug« 
trees  by  the  runts,  sullied  Uie  purest  streams,  destroyed 
flocks,  slew  shepherds,  fired  their  huts,  pulled  houses  to 
the  ground,  and  committed  a  thousand  other  most  furious 
exploits  worthy  of  lielng  reported  in  fame's  register.— 
Cervantes,  Iton  Quixote.  I.  hi.  11  (1605). 

Medulla  TheolqgiaB,  a  contro- 
versial treatise  by  William  Ames  (1623). 

Medulla  Theologica,  a  theological 
work  bv  Louis  Abelli  bishop  of  Rhodus 
(1604-1*691).  It  is  alluded  to  by  Boileau, 
in  the  Lutrin,  iv.  (1683). 

Medu'sa  {The  Soft),  Mary  Stuart 
queen  of  Scots  (1542-1587). 

Rise  from  thy  bloody  grave. 

Thou  soft  Medusa  of  the  "  Fated  Line," 
Whose  evU  beauty  looked  to  death  the  brave  I 

Lord  Lytton,  Ode,  L  (1839). 

Meeta,  the  "maid  of  Mariendorpt," 
a  true  woman  and  a  true  heroine.  She  is 
the  daughter  of  Mahldenau,  minister  of 
Mariendorpt,  whom  she  loves  almost  to 
idolatry.  Her  betrothed  is  major  Kupert 
Roselheim,  Hearing  of  her  father's 
captivity  at  Prague,  she  goes  thither  on 
foot  to  crave  his  pardon. — S.  Knowles, 
The  Maid  of  Mariendorpt  (1838). 

Meg,  a  pretty,  bright,  dutiful  girl, 
daughter  of  Toby  Veck,  and  engaged  to 
Richard,  whom  she  marries  on  New 
Year's  Day. — C.  Dickens,  The  Chimes 
(1844). 

.  Meg  Dods,  the  old  landlady  at  St. 
Ronan's  Well. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  lionan'a 
Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Meg  Merrilies,  a  half-crazy  sibyl 
or  gipsy  woman. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Mannermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Meg  Murdochson,  an  old  gipsy 
thief,  mother  of  Madge  Wildfire. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time. 
George  II.). 

Megid'don,  the  tutelar  angel  of 
Simon  the  Canaanite.  This  Simon, 
"once  a  shepherd,  was  called  by  Jesus 
from  the  field,  and  feasted  Him  in  hia 
hut  with  a  lamb."  —  KJopstock,  The 
Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Megingjard,  the  belt  of  Thor, 
whereby  his  strength  was  doubled. 

Megissog'won  ("  the  great  pearl- 
feather  "),  a  magician,  and  the  Manito  of 
wealth.  It  was  Megissogwon  who  sent 
the  liery  fever  on  man,  the  white  fog, 
and    death.      Hiawatha    slew  him,   and 


M  EC  NOUN. 


829 


MELESIGENES. 


taught  man  the  science  of  medicine. 
This  great  Pearl-Feather  slew  the  I 
of  Nlko'mii  (the  grandmother  of  1 1  i  •  i - 
watha).  Hiawatha  all  day  long  fought 
with  th«  magician  without  effect ;  at  night- 
fall the  woodpecker  told  him  t<>  strike  at 
the  tuft  of  hair  <>n  the  magician'i  head, 
the  only  vulnerable  place  ;  accordingly, 
Hiawatha  discharged  his  three  remaining 
arrows  at  the  hair  tuft,  and  Meginsogwon 
died. 

"  Honour  be  to  Hiawatha  I 
He  hath  ilain  the  treat  Pearl-Feather ; 
Slain  t  ins— 

Him  that  Mot  the  lirry  Caver,  .  .  . 
Sunt  diaeav  ami  dflatfa  among  ni." 

loBgCaDov,  BiamaOta,  lx.  (1855). 

Megnoun.    (See  Mejnoun.) 

Meg'ra,  a  lascivious  lady  in  the 
drama  called  PMlaster  or  Love  Lies  a- 
blccdin/,  hv  15eaumont  and  Fletcher 
(1G08). 

Moigle,  in  Strathmore,  the  place 
where  Guinevcr,  Arthur's  queen,  was 
buried. 

Meiklehose  (f*a<ic),  one  of  the 
eldera  of  Roseneath  parish. — Sir  W. 
Sett,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  Ccorge 
II.). 

Meiklewham  [Mr.  Sounders),  "the 
man  of  law,"  in  the  managing  committee 
of   the  Boa   hotel.— Sir    W.    Scott,    8t. 

SotuaCt  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Meistor  (  WUhehn),  the  hero  and  title 
of  a  novel  by  Coethe.  The  object  is  to 
sliow  that  man,  despite  his  errors  and 
shortcomings,  is  led  by  a  guiding  hand, 
and  reaches  some  higher  aim  at  hist 
(1821). 

Meistersingers,  or  minstrel  trades- 
men of  Germany.  An  association  of 
master  tradesmen,  to  revive  the  national 
minstrelsy,  which  had  fallen  into  decay 
with  the  decline  of  the  minnesin 
lnve-'ninstrels  (I860  L628).  Their  mi!>- 
jeeta  were  chiefly  moral  or  religions,  and 
constructed  according  t'>  rigid  rule*. 
The  three  chief  were  Hani  Boaenblut 
(armorial  painter,  bora  1460),  Hani 
roll  (surgeon,  born  1479),  and  Hans 
Sachs  (cobbler,    l  v.<\- 1674).    The  next 

best  were  lleinrieh  vmi  Mucglen.   Ivnrad 

Harder,  Master  Altschwert,   Master  Bar- 
the!  !.'•  the  blacksmith),  Ifus- 

cablilt  (the  tailor),  and   Hans  Blots  (the 
barber). 

Moi'iioun  and   Leilab 
a    Persian    love    tale,   the   Borneo    and 
Juliet  of  Eastern  romance.    They  are  the 

most  beautiful,  chaste,  and   impoasionato 


of   lovers  ;     the     models   of    what    Iotcts 
WOuld  be  if  human  nature  Wl  ' 
M  of  McKnoun     ■ 

'    uaudUora.—  W. 
lkckfunl,   I  <»</>«■■. 

Melan'ehatcs  (4  iy/.),  the  hound 
that    killed  .  nl   \\ai  i 

into  a  hart. 

•  that  tioand 

ihe  ground*, 
Dhn  bJl  Tin.rt.ii  wikuiJ,   .  .   . 
1  to  n  h.irtc. 
I.I  •     .  mm  (time.  Henry  VIII.) 

Molantius,  a  rough,  honest  soldier, 
who  believes  every  one  i-<  true  till  con- 
victed of  crime,  and  then  is  he  a  relentless 
puniaher.  Melantius  and  Hiph'ilus  are 
brothers  of  Bvadnd. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  MatoTt  ."  10). 

%*  The  master  scene  between  Antony 
and  Ventolins  in  1  >ry-i ■ 
copied  from  The  M  wf  M  Ten 

tidius"  is  in  the  place  <>f  Melantius. 

Melchior,  one  of  the  three  kii 
Cologne,     lie  was  the  "  W  .  e  Han  of  the 
!  1  to  the  i  ifant  •'•  ma 

lie  embb  m  of  royalty.    Tbx 
two  were  Caspar  and  Balthazar.     Mel- 
chior means  "king  of  light." 

Melchior,  a  monk  attending  the   black 
priesi  of  St.  rani's. — Sir  W.   Scott,  Anne 
rstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Wor    (».6\    Melchior    Pfinm    .    a 
Herman  poet  who  wrote   the    Te% 
an  epic  poem  which  has  the  kaiser  Maxi- 
milian   (son    of    Frederick    111.)    for   its 
hero.     This      poem      was     the      Orlando 

Furioso  of  the  Germans. 

S.it  Um  |>oct  MeUhlor,  kln^la*:  katar  Mailrnlllan'i  praaw. 
Lor.         -  >Vry. 

Melea'ger,  son  of  Alth.ea,  who  was 
il ed    to   li\  e   while   a  certain    I 

d   nnconsumed,     Ah'.ea  kept  the 
lo^-  for  several  yean,  but  1"  i 
angry  with  lor  son,  shecasl  it  on  I 
\\  here  it  was  consumed.     I  ler  son  died  at 
the  same  moment.  — ( >vid.  Mt  i  ""..  viii.  4. 

BirJohn  Davieausee  toil  to  ill 

the   immortality    of    the    tOttl.      li' 

that  the  life  of  the  soul  does  not  depend 
on  tin'  body  as  Meleager'a  life  depended 

on  the  fatal  brand. 

A«nln.  II  bj  I  — 

If  mi  th*  bod] 

A     M 

mend. 

■  tL 

BCeleBig'eXM  b  (6  ay/.).    Homer  ii  so 

Called    from    the    river    M  .'.)i   •» 

Asia  Minor,  on  the  banks  id  which  some 
say  ho  vraa  bom. 


MELI. 


630 


MELITUS. 


.  .  .  various-measured  verse, 
jEollan  charms  and  Dorian  lyric  odes. 
And  his  who  gave  them  breath,  but  higher  sung. 
Blind  MelesigCnes,  thence  Homer  called, 
Whose  poem  Ptaebus  challenged  for  his  own. 

Milton,  Paradite  Regained  (1671). 

Me'li  (Giovanni),  a  Sicilian,  bora  at 
Palermo;  immortalized  by  his  eclogues 
»nd  idylls.  Meli  is  called  "  The  Sicilian 
Theocritus"  (1740-1815). 

Much  it  pleased  him  to  peruse 
The  songs  of  the  Sicilian  Muse— 
Bucolic  songs  by  Meli  sung. 
Longfellow,  The  Way  side  Inn  (prelude,  1863). 

Meliadus,   father     of     sir    Tristan ; 

Erince    of    Lyonnesse,   and  one    of    the 
eroes  of  Arthurian  romance. — Tristan  de 
Leonois  (1489). 

*„*  Tristan,  in  the  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  compiled  by  sir  T.  Malory  (1470), 
is  called  "Tristram  ;"  but  the  old  minne- 
singers of  Germany  (twelfth  century) 
called  the  name  "  Tristan." 

Mel'ibe  (3  syl.),  a  rich  young  man 
married  to  Prudens.  One  day,  when 
Melibe  was  in  the  fields,  some  enemies 
broke  into  his  house,  beat  his  wife,  and 
wounded  his  daughter  Sophie  in  her  feet, 
bands,  ears,  nose,  and  mouth.  Melibe 
was  furious  and  vowed  vengeance,  but 
Prudens  persuaded  him  "  to  forgive  his 
enemies,  and  to  do  good  to  those  who 
despitefully  used  him."  So  he  called 
together  his  enemies,  and  forgave  them, 
to  the  end  that  "God  of  His  endeles 
niercie  wole  at  the  tynie  of  oure  deyinge 
forgive  us  oure  giltes  that  we  have 
trespased  to  Him  in  this  wreeched  world." 
—Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

*#*  This  prose  tale  is  a  literal  trans- 
lation of  a  French  story. — See  MS.  Reg., 
six.  7;  and  MS.  Reg.,  xix.  11,  British 
Museum. 

Melibee,  a  shepherd,  and  the  re- 
puted father  of  Pastorella.  Pastorella 
married  sir  Calidore.—  Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  vi.  9  (1596). 

"Melibee"  is  sir  Francis  Walsingham. 
In  the  Ruins  of  Time,  Spenser  calls  him 
'  Meliboe."  Sir  Philip  Sidney  (the  "  sir 
Calidore"  of  the  Faery  Queen)  married 
his  daughter  Frances.  Sir  Francis  Wal- 
singham died  in  1590,  so  poor  that  he  did 
not  leave  enough  to  defray  his  funeral 
expenses. 

Meliboe'ari  Dye,  a  rich  purple.  So 
called  because  Mciibrea  of  Thessaly  was 
famous  lor  the  ostrum,  a  fish  used  in 
dying  purple. 

A  military  vest  of  purple  flowed. 
Livelier  than  Meiiboean. 

MUtou,  1-amdUe  Lost.  xi.  242  (1665). 


Melibceus,  one  of  the  shepherds  in 
Ecloyue,  i.  of  Virgil. 

Spenser,  in  the  Ruins  of  Time  (1591), 
calls  sir  Francis  Walsingham  "  the  good 
Meliboe  ; "  and  in  the  last  book  of  the 
Faery  Queen  he  calls  him  "  Melibee." 

Melin'da,  cousin  of  Sylvia.  She 
loves  Worthy,  whom  she  pretends  to 
dislike,  and  coquets  with  him  for  twelve 
months.  Having  driven  her  modest 
lover  to  the  verge  of  distraction,  she 
relents,  and  consents  to  marry  him. — G. 
Farquhar,  The  Recruiting  Officer  (1705). 

Mel'ior,  a  lovely  fairy,  who  carried 
off  in  her  magic  bark,  Parthen'opex  oi 
Blois  to  her  secret  island. — Parthenopex 
de  Blois  (a  French  romance,  twelfth 
century). 

Melisen'dra  (TJie  princess),  natural 
daughter  of  Marsilio,  and  the  "  sup- 
posed daughter  of  Charlemagne."  She 
eloped  with  don  Gayferos.  The  king 
Marsili'  sent  his  troops  in  pursuit  of  the 
fugitives.  Having  made  Melisendra  his 
wife,  don  Gayferos  delivered  her  up 
captive  to  the  Moors  at  Saragossa.  This 
was  the  story  of  the  puppet-show  of 
Master  Peter,  exhibited  to  don  Quixote 
and  his  'squire  at  "  the  inn  beyond  the 
hermitage." — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II. 
ii.  7  (1615). 

Melissa,  a  prophetess  who  lived  in 
Merlin's  cave.  Bradamant  gave  her  the 
enchanted  ring  to  take  to  Roge'ro  ;  so, 
under  the  form  of  Atlantes,  she  went  to 
Alcina's  isle,  delivered  Rogcro,  and  dis- 
enchanted all  the  captives  in  the  island. 

In  bk.  xix.  Melissa,  under  the  form  of 
RodSmont,  persuaded  Agramant  to  oreak 
the  league  which  was  to  settle  the  contest 
by  single  combat,  and  a  general  battle 
ensued. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

***  This  incident  of  bk.  xix.  is 
similar  to  that  in  Homer's  Iliad,  iii.,  iv., 
where  Paris  and  Menelaos  agree  to  settle 
the  contest  by  single  combat ;  but  Minerva 
persuades  Pandaros  to  break  the  truce, 
and  a  general  battle  ensues. 

Melita  (now  Malta).  The  point  to 
which  the  vessel  that  carried  St.  Paul 
was  driven  was  the  "  Porto  de  San  Paolo," 
and  according  to  tradition  the  cathedral 
of  Citta  Vecchia  stands  on  the  site  of  the 
house  of  Publius  the  Roman  governor. 
St.  Paul's  grotto,  a  cave  in  the  vicinity, 
is  so  named  in  honour  of  the  great 
apostle. 

Meli'tus,  a  gentleman  of  Cyprus,  in 


MKi.i/vrs. 

tin-  .Ir-ui.-i 

tod  I  letchi 

Molizyu.s,  V. i n_r  "i*  •  »  the 

urn.     He  mi  the  firnt 

:   man. 

In  »».«•  tln.o  rr„-.,o.l  »!•>  In  T)io«w>l«  (3  i>U, 

A  pari 
Tli*i  »kt  rtght  •)  -  lii  battaTa  . 

|l»  a/faoai  Lal-.urr.   u   It. r  »l..rir  lh»wrll|  in. 

Ho  l»rakr  flr»l  hunrv  allda  mil  rl*   • 

Taxrlil:  .  • 

An.l  lio  lilnurlfr  .III  fir.!  Hi. 
Mepheu  lli»n,  Tkm  I'aut  4jraM  4'  /'U»urr,  I.  (ISIS). 

'•/us  (Kin./)  held  his  conrt  in  the 
Towel  n  Chivalry,  n.wl  t h>- r«-  knighted 
Qratmde  Amonre,  aftir  tjivin^  bin  the 
following  advice  i — 

•    1 
■ 

II   •  r 

I   -   .    • 

TtM  brlmrl 

HU  ni 
Blr|.li.  11  ll..».«.  Tht  fauc  ly.s  ...   :l.  (1515). 

Mi'll  r,  down-trodden 

I 
of  Mr.  Creaklea.  Mr.  Mill  played  the 
tin!--.  Hi-  mother  lived  in  an  almshouse, 
ati.l  Steerforth  used  t-  taunt  Mell  with 
this  "  degradation,"  and  in  • 
bin  t"  be  disc  ugi  d.  Mell  ei 
to  Australia,  and  succeeded  well  in  tlie 

•  ■  rj  .     I  .  I  '. 
I     ■ 

Mel.  '   5.7/.),  in    love   with 

Cynthia    daughter    of    mt    Pan!    Pliant. 

Hie  aunt,  lady  Touehw I,  bad  ■  criminal 

fondness  fur  him,   ami    be< 
polled  ber  advanoee  she  rowed  his  ruin. 
After  i  i  ral  hair  breadth  i 

from  the  "double  dealing"  of  hie  aunt 
anil  bii  "  f r  1  • 

in  winning  and  marrying  the  lady  of  his 
attachmi  nt.     \\ . 

KaUiflaona    D     tor 

!  .  ritingi  wi  ■■■ 

"  (1091    11 

Mi-liii'tfi 
in   love  with   Pauline   "the 
Lyons,"  but  treated  l»y  lior  «  ith  contempt. 
1  int  anil  ( il  .  ■ 

■m  1 1  •  r  1 ,  oonspired  nith   linn   to  humble 
tin'  proud  f :« 1  r  one.     To  thi 

H  Of    I 

I'aiilmr  married  him,  but  «:is  indignant 
when  she  discovered  !  uJ  been 

doped.    Claude  left  ber  to  join  the  i 
army,  and,  under  the 
l  and  a  half  !■•  thi 

of  colonel.     He  then  returned  to  l 
aiul  found  his  fal   ei  in  law   on  I 


631  LV1L. 


■ 

I,    and 

.< 

M  •  •  1  <>     •' 
fifteenth    century.       A 

.'  '  •: 

-       \ 

■    warrmr,    : 

called 

illfle  ran  Bght  as  well   a«   | 

At   the    word,    I 

. 

Every  one  shrai  ■ 

U  bo    '!ri  N 

I 

him,  "  ' 
appointed  hi 

•    . 

Mel:' 
marrii 

garitj 

8 

. 
him  to  marry  Violet  i  11.  J 

Byron,  "u/-  .    \ 

Mt'lu.Hi'n.i,   t  ' 

in  a  mow  I  • 

mother,  I  to 

I 
i  the  count 

lirr    111. 

.   ,  I  nit  thi 
made  him  bn  ■  '•' 

in    con 

world   a*  a   . 

•   .'.\  the 

(f.mrti 
« 

.    i 
who  pi    ntsee  to  sell 


MELVILLE. 


632 


MENALCAS. 


A  little  before  the  marriage,  sir  John 
finds  that  he  has  no  regard  for  Miss 
Sterling,  but  a  great  love  for  her  younger 
Bister  Fanny,  to  -whom  he  makes  a  pro- 
posal of  marriage.  His  proposal  is  re- 
jected ;  and  it  is  soon  brought  to  light 
that  Miss  Fanny  has  been  clandestinely 
married  to  Lovewell  for  four  months. — 
Colman  and  Garrick,  The  Clandestine 
Marriage  (1766). 

Melville  (Major),  a  magistrate  at 
Cairnvreckan  village.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Melville  (Sir  Robert),  one  of  the  em- 
bassy from  the  privy  council  to  Mary 
queen  of  Scots. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Melville,  the  father  of  Constantia. — C. 
Macklin,  The  Man  of  the  World  (1764). 

Melville  (Julia),  a  truly  noble  girl,  in 
love  with  Faulkland,  who  is  always 
jealous  of  her  without  a  shadow  of  cause. 
She  receives  his  innuendos  without  resent- 
ment, and  treats  him  with  sincerity  and 
forbearance  (see  act  i.  2).  —  Sheridan, 
The  Rivals  (1775). 

Melyhalt  (The  lady),  a  powerful 
subject  of  king  Arthur,  whose  domains 
sir  Galiot  invaded;  notwithstanding 
which  the  lady  chose  sir  Galiot  as  her 
fancy  knight  and  chevalier. 

Memnon,  king  of  the  Ethiopians. 
He  went  to  the  assistance  of  his  uncle 
Priam,  and  was  slain  by  Achilles.  His 
mother  Eos,  inconsolable  at  his  death, 
weeps  for  him  every  morning,  and  her 
tears  constitute  what  we  call  dew. 

Memnon,  the  black  statue  of  king  Amen'- 
ophis  III.  at  Thebes,  in  Egypt,  which, 
being  struck  with  the  rays  of  the  morning 
nun,  gives  out  musical  sounds.  Kircher 
says  these  sounds  are  due  to  a  sort  of 
clavecin  or  jEolian  harp  enclosed  in  the 
statue,  the  cords  of  which  are  acted  upon 
by  the  warmth  of  the  sun.  Cambyses, 
resolved  to  learn  the  secret,  cleft  the 
statue  from  head  to  waist ;  but  it  con- 
tinued to  utter  its  morning  melody  not- 
withstanding. 

.  .  .  old  Memnon's  image,  long  renowned 
By  fabling  Nilus  ;  to  the  quivering  touch 
Of  Titan's  ray,  with  each  repulsive  string 
Consenting,  sounded  thru'  the  warbling  air 
Unbidden  strains. 
Akenside,  Pleasures  of  Imagination,  i.  (1744). 

Mem'non,  "the  mad  lover,"  general  of 
As'torax  king  of  Paphos.— Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Mad  Lover  (1617). 

Mem'non,  the  title  of  a  novel  bv  Vol- 


taire, the  object  of  which  is  to  show  ihe 
folly  of  aspiring  to  too  much  wisdom. 

Memnon's  Sister,  He'mera,  men- 
tioned by  Dictys  Cretensis. 

Black,  but  such  as  in  esteem 

Prince  Memnon's  sister  might  btseem. 

Milton,  11  Pnueroso  (1638). 

Memorable  (The  Ever-),  John  Halea 
of  Eton  (1584-1656). 

Memory.  The  persons  moat  noted 
for  their  memory  are  : 

Magliabechi  of  Florence,  called  "  The 
Universal  Index  and  Living  Cyclopaedia" 
(1633-1714). 

P.  J.  Beronicius,  the  Greek  and  Latin 
improvisator,  who  knew  by  heart  Horace, 
Virgil,  Cicero,  Juvenal,  both  the  Plinys, 
Homer,  and  Aristophanes.  He  died  at 
Middleburgh,  in  1676. 

Andrew  Fuller,  after  hearing  500  linea 
twice,  could  repeat  them  without  a  mis- 
take. He  could  also  repeat  verbatim  a 
sermon  or  speech  ;  could  tell  either  back- 
wards or  forwards  every  shop  sign  from 
the  Temple  to  the  extreme  end  of  Cheap- 
side,  and  the  articles  displayed  in  each  of 
the  shops. 

"Memory"  Woodfall  could  carry  in 
his  head  a  debate,  and  repeat  it  a  fort- 
night afterwards. 

"  Memory  "  Thompson  could  repeat 
the  names,  trades,  and  particulars  of 
every  shop  from  Ludgate  Hill  to  Picca- 
dilly. 

William  Radcliff,  the  husband  of  the 
novelist,  could  repeat  a  debate  the  next 
morning. 

Memory  (The  Bard  of),  Samuel  Rogers, 
author  of  the  Pleasures  of  Memory  (1762- 
1855). 

Men  are  but  Children  of  a 
Larger  Growth.— Dryden,  All  for 
Love,  etc.,  iv.  1  (1678). 

Men  of  Prester  John's  Country. 
Prester  John,  in  his  letter  to  Manuel  Com- 
nenus,  says  his  land  is  the  home  of  men 
with  horns ;  of  one-eyed  men  (the  eye 
being  in  some  cases  before  the  head,  and 
in  some  cases  behind  it) ;  of  giants  forty 
ells  in  height  (i.e.  120  feet)  ;  of  the 
phoenix,  etc.  ;  and  of  ghouls  who  feed  on 
premature  children.  He  gives  the  names 
of  fifteen  different  tributary  states, 
amongst  which  are  those  of  Gog  and 
Magog  (now  shut  in  behind  lofty  moun- 
tains) ;  but  at  the  end  of  the  world  these 
fifteen  states  will  overrun  the  whole  earth. 

Menalcas,  any  shepherd  or  rustic. 
The  namo  occurs  in  the  Idylts  of  Theoc'- 


MENCLA  OF  Mox.lTKA. 


MEPHISTOPIM 


ritoH,  ind    the 

Bhtpht 

Men'cia  of  Mosquora    ( 

mnrricd   don    Alvaro    de    Mill... 

the     marriage,     Almr..    hap- 

Kni  .1    tn    qUUTCl     with    dOfl 
•mil  kill  bum.     1 1  ged  tn 

m  S|..-iin,  leaving  fail  bride  I 
and  his  property  was  confiscated.     I  or 
■even  j  i  an  the  received  do  int.  Hi. . 
Iiin  whereabouts  (for  he  was  a  slave  most  of 
the  time),  bul  w  inn  seven  years  had* 
tin-  report  of  bia  death  in  1 1 1   -■ 
in  r.    The  young  widow  now  married  tin- 
marquis  of  Guardia,  who  lived  in  ■  grand 
castle  mar  l!nr^-..^,   but  walking  in  the 
grounds  one  morning  she  was  itruck  with 
the  earnestness  with  which  one  of  the 
■nder-gardeners  looked  at  her.    Thii  man 
provi  >l  t..  !i'  her  first  husband  don  Alvaro, 
with  whom  she  bow  fled  from  the 
I. ut  on  the   road  a  gang  of  rob!  ■ 
apon  them.     Aivaro  was  killed,  ami  the 
Lady  taken  to  the  robbers'  cave,   whirr 
(lil  Bias  saw  her  and  heard  her  sad  tale. 
The  lady  was  soon  released,  and  senl  to 
the  castle  of    tin-   marquis  of  Guardia. 
Sin'  found  tin-  marquis  dying  from  j,rriif, 
and  indeed  ho  died  the  day  following, 
uid  Ifencia  retired  t..  a  convent.—  i  • 
Oil  Bleu,  i.  11-11  (1715). 

Mendo'za,  «  Jew  pnze-fighter,  who 
held    tin-  belt  a; 
century,  end  in  1791  opened  the  Lyceum 

in  tin-  Strati. I,   to  teach  "tin-  noble  art  of 

■elf -defence. 

I  voulil  ti.-nr  iliull  tlir  follow  Hint   tbOHd  JOB  virh    * 

nrompcnM  m  il.r  fiiui  button   l 

ll.oult  ii.  ■ 
th*  Jru       . 

I  liliim   .lini*.  of 
I  i  .|ArtinK'.  |M  Kqonr  iu.kiil.ir 

Uni.  k  .  .ulr  of  acting  vu  to  Dovtoo'i— Mm 
Bmtg*  Vrtrmn. 

i,  ft  rich  Jew.  who 
think*  him  self  monstrously  wise,  bat  ii 
iltij  ed  by  evt  See  under  I 

.  ..r>). 

J.  I. ii  K 
hrnlh  "  | 

i 

•    I 


Montrli  lniiuis. 

ch  ot  iii  r.  as  the  brothi 
Bo  called  from  the  Mencechmi  of  Plautas. 

Monco'ruti  h    I  phj      i.nn  of 

:  vanity  and  arro- 
gance.    He  issumi  I  I  ■  himself  Uie  tills 


ind  in  ft  1' ■••  p  Kim 

.n    l)iu s  ;■■'■' 
Jupiter  to  k 

by   Philip  to  a 

siclntl    |  •  -   . 

like  the  k'"'1s ;  bw  W 

•I,  nrnl  hurrn-.l  ;. 


I 

Mene  via,  Bt  David  -.  in  W  i  I 

corruption  ol  //■  n    ■   i 

Men 
Kirch! 

•  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Menippce  '  a     famoos 

political   satire,  written  during  t 
of   what  i-  calif  1  in   1  rent  • 
Holy  League,  tin- 

rminate  the  hu„- 
the  kitv  i  Hi  uri  ill.     in    i 
and   t 
satire  ia  partly  in  1  .1  partly  in 

and   its  . 
perfidious  i::  I    Philip  ol 

and  the  culpable  ambil 

It  is  divided  into  t* . 
which  is  entitled 
by  Pierre  Leroj 

who  hml  been  corrupted  bj   the 
Spain  : 

. 
Bapin,  and  Past*  rat,  published  i 

' . "    llenip] 
"tnl    |  ,ra.  in    Phoenicia,  who 

wrote  twehrt 
and  \  ■ 

Ij»tin    «    w.rk  I 

I 

"•'      nibojou,    a     North    A: 
Indian 

MVnti'ith   [3 
of  the  •  Sir  W 

- 

: 
■ 

i  arch  for  oil  fa! 

alea 

•  mlatit 

i  ,  .    . 

I 

M 


MEPHOSTOPHILIS. 


634 


MERCUTIO  OF  ACTORS. 


♦ophilis"  inhisdrama  entitled  Dr.  Faustus. 
Shakespeare,  in  hi3  Merry  Wives  of  Wind- 
sor, writes  the  name  "  Mephostophilus ; " 
and  in  the  opera  he  is  called  "  Mefistofele" 
(5  syl.).  In  the  old  demonology,  Mephis- 
topheles  was  one  of  the  seven  chief 
devils,  and  second  of  the  fallen  arch- 
angels. 

Mephostophilis,  the  attendant 
demon  of  Faustus,  in  Marlowe's  tragedy 
;f  Dr.  Faustus  (1589). 

There  is  an  awful  melancholy  about  Marlowe's  "  Me- 
phostophilis." perhaps  more  expressive  than  the  malig- 
nant mirth  of  that  fiend  in  Iho  renowned  work  of  Goethe. 
— Hallam. 

Mephostophilus,  the  spirit  or 
familiar  of  sir  John  Faustus  or  [Dr.] 
John  Faust  (Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor,  1596).  Subsequently  it  became 
a  term  of  reproach,  about  equal  to  "  imp 
of  the  devil." 

Mercer  {Major),  at  the  presidency  of 
Madras. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surjcoiis 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Merchant  of  Venice  (The),  An- 
thonio,  who  borrowed  3000  ducats  for 
three  months  of  Shylock  a  Jew.  The 
money  was  borrowed  to  lend  to  a  friend 
named  Bassanio,  and  the  Jew,  "in  merry 
sport,"  instead  of  interest,  agreed  to  lend 
the  money  on  these  conditions  :  If  An- 
thonio  paid  it  within  three  months,  he 
ohould  pay  only  the  principal ;  if  he  did 
not  pay  it  back  within  that  time,  the 
merchant  should  forfeit  a  pound  of  his 
own  flesh,  from  any  part  of  his  body  the 
Jew  might  choose  to  cut  it  off.  As 
Anthonio's  ships  were  delayed  by  con- 
trary winds,  he  could  not  pay  the  money, 
and  the  Jew  demanded  the  forfeiture. 
On  the  trial  which  ensued,  Portia,  in  the 
dress  of  a  law  doctor,  conducted  the  case, 
and  when  the  Jew  was  going  to  take  the 
forfeiture,  stopped  him  by  saying  that  the 
bond  stated  "a  pound  of  flesh,"  and  that 
therefore  he  was  to  shed  no  drop  of  blood, 
and  he  must  cut  neither  more  nor  less 
than  an  exact  pound,  on  forfeit  of  his 
life.  As  these  conditions  were  practically 
impossible,  the  Jew  was  nonsuited  and 
lined  for  seeking  the  life  of  a  citizen. — 
Shakespeare,  Merchant  of  Venice  (1598). 

The  story  is  in  the  Gesta  Romanorum, 
the  tale  of  the  bond  being  ch.  xlviii.,  and 
that  ?f  the  caskets  ch.  xcix.  ;  but  Shake- 
speare took  his  plot  from  a  Florentine 
novelette  called  //  Fecorone,  written  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  but  not  published 
till  the  sixteenth. 

There   is  a  ballad  on   the  subject,   the 


date  of  which  has  not  been  determined. 
The  bargain  runs  thus : 

"  No  penny  for  the  loan  of  It, 

For  one  year  shall )  ou  pay— 
You  may  do  me  a  good  turn 

Before  my  dying  day  ; 
But  we  will  have  a  merry  jest. 

For  to  be  talked  long : 
You  shall  make  me  a  bond."  quoth  he, 

"That  shall  be  large  or  strong." 

Merchant's  Tale  ( Tlie),  in  Chaucei, 
is  substantially  the  same  as  the  first  Latin 
metrical  tale  of  Adolphus,  and  is  not 
unlike  a  Latin  prose  tale  given  in  the 
appendix  of  T.  Wright's  edition  of 
iEsop's  fables.     The  tale  is  this  : 

A  girl  named  May  married  January,  an 
old  Lombard  baron  60  years  of  age,  but 
entertained  the  love  of  Damyan,  a  young 
squire.  She  was  detected  in  familiar 
intercourse  with  Damyan,  but  persuaded 
her  husband  that  his  eyes  had  deceived 
him,  and  he  believed  her. — Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

Mercian  Laws.    (See  Marti  ax.) 

Mercilla,  a  "  maiden  queen  of  great 
power  and  majesty,  famous  through  all 
the  world,  and  honoured  far  and  nigh." 
Her  kingdom  was  disturbed  by  a  soldan, 
her  powerful  neighbour,  stirred  up  by 
his  wife  Adicia.  The  "maiden  queen" 
is  Elizabeth;  the  "soldan,"  Philip  of 
Spain;  and  "Adicia"  is  injustice,  pre- 
sumption, or  the  bigotry  of  popery. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  (1596). 

Mercurial  Finger  ( The),  the  little 
finger. 

The  thumb,  In  chiromancy,  we  rive  Venus ; 
The  fore-finger  to  Jove;  the  midst  to  Saturn; 
Tho  ring  to  Sol ;  the  least  to  Mercury. 

Ben  Joiison,  The  Alchemist.  1.  2  (1610). 

Mercu'tio,  kinsman  of  prince  Es- 
calus,  and  Romeo's  friend.  An  airy, 
sprightly,  elegant  young  nobleman,  so 
full  of  wit  and  fancy  that  Dryden  says 
Shakespeare  was  obliged  to  kill  him  in 
the  third  act,  lest  the  poet  himself  should 
have  been  killed  by  Mercutio. — Shake- 
speare, Romeo  and  Juliet  (1598). 

Mercutlo's  wit.  gaiety,  and  courage  will  always  procure 
him  friends  that  wish  him  a  longer  life  ;  hut  his  death  ii 
not  precipitated — he  has  lived  out  the  time  allotted  him  Id 
the  construction  of  the  play. — Dr.  Johnson. 

The  light  and  fanciful  humour  of  Mercutio  serves  to 
enhance  and  illustrate  the  romantic  and  passionate 
character  of  Romeo. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Drama. 

William  Lewis[1748-1811]wasthe  "  Mercutio"  of  the  age. 
In  every  sense  of  the  word  mercurial  His  airy,  breathless 
voice,  thrown  ti  the  audience  before  he  appeared.  WM 
the  signal  of  his  winged  animal  spirits  ;  and  when  he 
gave  a  glance  of  his  eye,  or  touched  with  his  finger  at 
another's  ribs,  it  was  the  very  punctwn  salient  of  playful, 
ness  and  innuendo.— Leigh  Hunt,  The  Town  (IMS). 

Mercutio  of  Actors  ( The),  ^Yilliam 
Lewis  (1748-1811). 


MERCY. 


635 


MERLIN. 


Kr   l/w  .  r.u-cly  lo 

h*  found— 

•  ... 

air)*   *"''    taaUirw  *i 
plajirO  .'»  tlio  lop  "f  bit  | 
Hunt.  TKe  JW  . 

Morey,  a  young  pilgrim,  who  ac- 
companied Christiana  in  her  walk  to  Zion. 
When  M<  rcy  got  to  the  Wicket  Gate,  she 
swooned  bom  feez  of  being  refit 
mittance.  Mr.  Brisk  proposed  to  her, 
(jut  being  t"M  th.it  the  was  poor,  left 
her,  end  the  mi  afterwards  married  to 
Matthew,  the  eldest  son  of  Christian. — 
Banyan,  Pilgrim'*  Progress,  ii.  i  i 

Merdle  flfr.),  banker,  a  skit  mi  the 
directors  of  the  Royal  British  Bank,  and 
<•!»  Mr.  Hudson  "the  railway  king."  .Mr. 
Merdle,  of  Harley  Street,  n  i 
the  "Master  Mind  of  tin  Age."  He 
In  came  insolvent,  and  committed  suicide. 
Mr.  Merdle  was  ■  heavily  made  man, 
■with  an  obtuse  head,  and  coarse,  mean, 
ci'iimnm  features.  His  chief  butler  .-aid 
of  him,  ••  Mr.  Merdle  m-Tcr  was  a  gentle- 
man, and  im  ungentlemanly  ad  on  Mr. 
Merdle'i  part  would  surprise  me."  The 
gnat  banker  was  "the  greatest  forger 
and  greatest  thief  tliat  ever  cheat* 
gallon  i." 

bold    IT.  Inim  [lhirn<ie>*]  bemn  wtivIii,.  Mr.   Manila 
•boat  .  .  .  .11  Qlgmntlc  Satan  u(  Ki>*. 

Uinl.    Oadit,    <  i>|.liul.    rrutiwriiy.  un.l    all   nalUMr  vl 
bhailng*.-lik 

Fe  of  the  bank  swindler. 
After  the  deal  i  of  her  husband,  society 
decreed  that  Mrs.  Merdle  should  still  be 
admitted  among  the  sacred  few  ;  so  Mrs. 
Merdle  was  .still  received  and  patted  on 
the  back  by  the  upper  ten. — C  Dickens, 

Meredith   I  MrX  one  "f   the   con- 
spirators   with     Redgauntlet.  —  Sir    W. 
ittntli  t  (tin.-  1 11.). 

ddh  [Mr.    '  the  man  cf 

mirth,"  in  the  i  nniittec  of  the 

SSj'ji   hotel.    Sir   w .  Scott,  .    i 

H  ;e  III.). 

Uth  (&r),  a  Welsh  knight 
W.  Sco  rous  (time,  Henry 

»),   pseudonym  of   the 
II. m.    Edward    Robert    Bulwer    ' 

Slord  Lytton),  author  oi    /       \\ 
This  s.m  of   lord    Bulwei 
^ytton,  poet  and  novelist,  succci 

the  psei  i  ;•'  in   i 

Mo'rida  (Mar  thed  to 

count  Valsntisc— Mrs.  Incnbs  I, 

A'llir'i'. 


Mi 


Of  mice. 


■  •  /Vv;i  a 

X*.'.  111.  Ubuut  171« 


Merid'ies  or  "  one  of 

the  four  brothers  who  usages 
of  Castle   Perilous. 

named  him  ;  but  in  I  Primes 

Arthur,  he    : 

Red  Knight."— Tennyson,  / 1 
and  Lynel 

Of  Pi 

Merlin  -chan- 

ters.     His   mother  was    Matilda,   a    nun, 
who  was  seduced  by  s  "  guileful 
or  incubus,  "half  angel  and  half  man, 
dwelling  in  mid-air  I 
and   moon."     S  r   w  is 

the  daughter  <>f  Pubidius  lord  ol 
travel,  in  Wales  ;  and  i  i 

princess,  daughter  of   Demetius  s 
Demefia,      I 

and  t!  .    it  frmn  t!.- 

dark: • 

Mi  rlin        I  -;  •  U-bound,  but  the  author 
and    manner    of    his 
differently  by  different  authoi 

in    the     I:    I      ,    Oj    :  -   ■ 

Malory,  l ;.  told  that  tl 

ohantr. 

old   man,  and  "  cn\  i  n  d   him 

under  a  rock."      In  the  Mr:,  ,/'.l    • 

is  said  ••  be  sli  i  pa  an  I  sn  old 

and  by  Vivien."     I  ■ 
in     his 

Vivien    induced   Merlin 
frmn  s  storm  in  a  hollow  oak  trei 
left  him  spell-bound.     Othi ;~ 
spell-bound  in  s  hawthorn  I 
Is  evidently  a  blun  3ee  M 

i  in   Wild.) 

; 
1.  8. 

. 

tains     (eh. 

■ 

i 

I 

..... 


MERLIN. 


636 


MERVINIA. 


Scott,  etc.  T.  Heywood  has  attempted 
to  show  the  fulfilment  of  Merlin's 
prophecies. 

Of  Merlin  and  his  skill  what  region  doth  not  heart  .  .  . 
Who  of  a  British  inymph  was  gotten,  whilst  she  played 
With  a  deducing  sprite  .  .  . 
But  all  Demetia  thro'  there  was  not  found  her  peer. 

Drayton.  fotyolbitm,  v.  (1612). 

Merlin  (The  English),  W.  Lilly,  the 
astrologer,  who  assumed  the  nam  de  plume 
of  "Mer'linus  Anglicus"  (1602-1681). 

Merlin  the  "Wild,  a  native  of  Cale- 
donia, who  lived  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
about  a  century  after  the  great  Ambrose 
Merlin  the  sorcerer.  Fordun,  in  his 
Scotichronicon,  gives  particulars  about 
him.  It  was  predicted  that  he  would  die 
by  earth,  wood,  and  water,  which  pre- 
diction was  fulfilled  thus :  A  mob  of 
rustics  hounded  him,  and  he  jumped  from 

rock  into  the  Tweed,  and  was  impaled 
on  a  stake  fixed  in  the  river  bed.  His 
grave  is  still  shown  beneath  an  aged 
hawthorn  bush  at  Drummelzier,  a  village 
on  the  Tweed. 

Merlin's  Cave,  in  Dynevor,  near 
Carmarthen,  noted  for  its  ghastly  noises 
of  rattling  iron  chains,  brazen  caldrons, 
groans,  strokes  of  hammers,  and  ringing 
of  anvils.  The  cause  is  this  :  Merlin  set 
bis  spirits  to  fabricate  a  brazen  wall  to 
encompass  the  city  of  Carmarthen,  and, 
as  he  had  to  call  on  the  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
bade  them  not  slacken  their  labour  till  he 
returned  ;  but  he  never  did  return,  for 
Vivian  by  craft  got  him  under  the  en- 
chanted stone,  and  kept  him  there. 
Tennyson  says  he  was  spell-bound  by 
Vivien  in  a  hollow  oak  tree,  but  the 
History  of  Prince  Ai-thur  (sir  T.  Malory) 
gives  the  other  version. — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  iii.  3  (1590). 

Merop's  Son,  a  nobody,  a  terra 
filius,  who  thinks  himself  somebody. 
Thus  Phaeton  (Merop's  son),  forgetting 
that  his  mother  was  an  earthborn  woman, 
thought  he  could  drive  the  horses  of  the 
sun,  but  not  being  able  to  guide  them, 
nearly  set  the  earth  on  fire.  Many  pre- 
sume, like  him,  and  think  themselves 
capable  or  worthy  of  great  things,  for- 
getting all  the  while  that  they  are  only 
"Merop's  son." 

Why,  Phaeton  (for  thou  art  Merop's  son), 
Wilt  thou  aspire  to  guide  the  heavenly  car. 
And  Willi  thy  daring  folly  hum  the  world  f 

Shakespeare,  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona, 
act  iii.  sc.  1  |1WJ|. 

Merrilics  (Meg),  a  half-crazy  woman, 
part  sibyl  and  part  gipsy.  She  is  the 
rtiler  and  terror  of  the  gipsy  race.  Meg 
Merrilics  was  the  nurse  of"  Harry   Ber- 


tram.— Sir   W.    Scott,    Guy    Mannermg 
(time,  George  II.). 

In  the  dramatized  version  of  Scott's  novel,  Miss  Chusb. 
man  [1845-9)  made  "Meg  Merrilies"  her  own.  Sh« 
showed  therein  indisputahly  the  attributes  of  geniut. 
Such  was  her  power  over  the  intention  and  feeling  of  th« 
part,  that  the  mere  words  were  quite  a  secondary  matter. 
It  was  the  figure,  the  gait,  the  look,  the  gesture,  the  tone, 
by  which  she  put  beauty  and  passion  into  language  th» 
most  indifferent. — Henry  Morley. 

Merry. 

Tis  merry  In  hall, 
Where  beards  wag  all. 
T.  Tusser,   fire  Hundred  Polntt  of  0#o4 
Husbandry,  xlvl.  20  (1S57L 
It's  good  to  be  merry  and  wise. 
Burns,  11  ere' t  a  Health  to  Them  that  $  Aim'. 

Merry   Andrew,    Andrew   Borde, 
physician  to  Henry  VIII.  (1500-1549). 
%*  Priorhasapoemon.l/t'rr(/.4ncfmo. 

Merry  Monarch  (Tlie),  Charles  IT. 
of  England  (1630,  1660-1685). 

Mer'rylegS,  a  highly  trained  per- 
forming dog,  belonging  to  Signor  Jupe, 
clown  in  Sleary's  circus.  This  dog  leaves 
the  circus  when  his  master  disappears, 
but  several  years  afterwards  finds  its  way 
back  and  dies. — C.  Dickens,  Hard  Tunes 
(1854). 

Merse  (1  syl.),  Berwick,  the  mere  or 
frontier  of  England  and  Scotland. 

Merthyr  Tydvil,  a  corruption  of 
Martyr  St.  Tidfil,  a  Welsh  princess  who 
suffered  martyrdom. 

Merton  (Tommy),  one  of  the  chief 
characters  in  Sandford  and  Merton,  a  tale 
for  boys,  by  Thomas  Day  (1783-9). 

Merton  (Tristram).  Thomas  Babing- 
ton  lord  Macaulay  so  signs  the  ballads 
and  sketches  which  he  inserted  in  Knight's 
Quarterly  Magazine. 

Mertoun  (Basil),  alias  Vaughan, 
formerly  a  pirate. 

Mordaunt  Mertoun,  son  of  Basil  Mer- 
toun. He  marries  Brenda  Troil. — SirW. 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Merveilleuse  [Mair.vay'.uze'],  the 
sword  of  Doolin  of  Mayence.  It  was  so 
sharp  that,  if  placed  edge  downwards  on 
a  block  of  wood,  it  would  cut  through  it 
of  itself. 

Mervett  (Gustavus  de),  in  Charles 
XII. ,  an  historical  drama  by  J.  R. 
Blanche"  (1826). 

Mervinia,  Merionethshire.  On  the 
Mervin  Hills  the  British  found  security 
when  driven  by  the  Saxons  out  of  Eng- 
land. Here  the  Welsh  laws  were  re- 
tained the  longest.     This  part  of  Wales 


MF.RVTN. 


637 


MF.TorillS. 


is  peculiarly    rich    in    mountains,   meres, 

an>l  fprin^s. 

Merrliita  f6r  her  hllL«  .  .  .  eajtteUU  »ii.llence  ernrn*. 
Itrajton.  I'olyoltnvn.  U.  (1812). 

Morvyn    (Mr.    Arthur),    guardian   of 

Julia  Mannering.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Qvy 
Mtumirmg  (time,  George  II.). 

Mesopotamia  01  CMtopolis,  the 
district    about  Warwick  and    Be 

Squares,  in  London,  mainly  built  by 
C  bit. 

Messali'na.  wife  of  t tie  emperor 
Claudius  of  Rome.  Her  name  is  a  by- 
word for  incoiitincncy  (a.i>.  *— IS). 

Khe  li  n.t  our  i.f  tlnxB  Meanllruu  who,   I*- 
pri.ir.  ..i  birth,  bumbl*  th.lr  tffectlona  tnn  to 

Odor  thi'iiut'lvea  wlUiuul  a  blu.li.—  Lunge.  UU 
Blot.  It.  1  117:41. 

Oh  Ihou  »ljtvnt  of  Ihr  rlrtnmu  ttt.  Madaa  Mr«oxllii» 
II..  ret*rr  to  U17  ,ti>artiiiriit ! — l>r)ilcn.  Tha 8/jattUt  tYyar, 

in  i  (uwo). 

HIirn  I  mert   *  Mewillna,  tlrnl  lod  ui.w 
fixil  Jnltn.-i  ClrtamrMctrla.  Knthel  in  bar  husband*! 

blood.  —all  lm|>loua  Tullin.  vtlb-Unf  hrr  chariot  ..or  l.rr 
falhrr  l  hrrnlhlm  bodl,  borrOT  liivn.lcs  mi  fjM ■llli—  C. 
Cil.lwr.  Lort  Mmkm   i  Van  [WWi. 

lima  (The  Modern),  Catherine  II. 
of  Russia  (1728  1796). 

Messalina  of  Germany,  Barbary 
of  ('ill cy ,  second  wife  of  kaiser  Sigismund 
of  (iermany  (fifteenth  century). 

Messiah  ( The),  an  epic  poem  in 
fifteen  books,  by  Y.  G.  Klopstock.    The 

tirrt    threw    were    published    in    1748,   and 

the  last  in  1773.  The  subject  is  the  last 
days  of  Jesus,  His  crucifixion  and  resur- 
rection. l'>k.  i.  Jesus  ascends  the  Mount 
of  olives,  to  spend  the  eight  in  prayer. 
Ilk.  ii.  John  the  Beloved,  railing  to 
exorcise  a  demoniac,  Jesus  goes  to   his 

Bnd  Satan,  rebuked,  returns 
to  hell,  where  he  tells  the  fallen  angels 
his   version   of   the   birth   and    ministry  of 

Christ,  whose  death  he  resolves  on.  Bk. 
in.  Messiah  sleeps  for  the  last  time  on  the 
Mount  of  i  Hives  ;   the  tub 

the  twelve   apostles,  and    a   descri| 

the  apostles  are  given.  ■  i  Judas 

a    dn  am,    and    then   enters    I 

Caiaphas.  Bk.  iv.  The  council  in  the 
palace  of  Caiaphas  decree  tl'at  Jesus  must 
die ;  Jesus  sends  Peter  and  John  to  prepare 

the    Passover,  and    eats    His 

with      His    ap. -sties.        Bk.    v.     The    three 

hours  of  agony  in  the  garden.     Bk.  vi. 
bound,  is  taken  bi  fori 

then   before    I'aiaj  r    denies    his 

Master.  Bk.  vii.  Christ  is  brought  before 
Pilate ;  Judas  hangs  himself ;  Pilate 
sands  Jeans  to  Herod,  but   I 

II  i  m  again  10  1'iiutc,  who  delivers  1 1  mi  to 


the  Jews.      Ilk.  viii.   Hirist  nailed  M  the 

Bk.    ix.    <  hn-t    on    the 
Bk.  x.   The  death  of  Christ     Bk.  xi. 
The  rail  of  I  and  the  re- 

f    many    fr 

Ilk.  xii.  The  burial  of  the  budy,  an 

of  Mary  the  sister  of  La 

The    resurrection    and    suicide   of    Phil* 

lik.  xi.  . 

ciples.      Iik.  XT.    Many  of  those  who  had 

risen  from   their  graves  show  themstlres 

toothers.     Conclusion. 

JaVsaitlA,  an  oratorio  by  Handel  (17  19). 
The  libretto  was  by  Charles  Jennens, 
nicknamed  "  Soliman  the  Magnificent.'' 

Metanoi'a,  !.'• :  ■  ntam  ••  |  •  rsonifled, 
by  William  Browne  in  BriUmma't  f'lis- 
torals,w  (Greek,  m  nrpmlanos  ") 

Pklrr  MrLsnol*  1>  «f 
To  croune  the*  vlUi  Uiuaa  Ju;i 

takNtti  1  iisui. 

Metasta'sio.  The  real  name  of  this 
Italian  poet  was  Trapassi  [death).  He 
was  brought  up  byGravina,  vhoGreehted 

the  name  (1698-1782). 

\*  Bo    "Melancthon"    is     the    Creek 

form  of   Sehtearxerdi  ("black   earth"): 

lampadins  "  is  the  (■■  I 

man    name     Ha  "I  '••- 

siderius  Erasmus"  Israsre] 

(the  first   "Gheraerd*1  is  Latinixi 

p  itu,  and  Uie  latter  is  Grecixed  into 

aVaasMis). 

Meteoric  Stones.  In  the  museum 
of   Carlton   (Melbourne)   is  i 

huc-e    meteoric   st.ne   twenty-live  tons  in 
weight.      It  fell  on  a  Ur^e  plain    I  i 

Melbourne  and    Kilmore   in 

such    force    that    it    sank    six    feet    in    the 

ground.     B  aid  it  moat  bavi 

shot  f'om  a  crater  of  t!ie  moon. 

*«*    ; 
and  exceeds  thirt 3  re  is  another 

in  t;  a  I  mperi  U  M  useuiu  at  S: . 
of  unusual  dimensions  ;   and   one 
. 

Moth'ns,    Drunken 

1  1 .  ■     :  -     :  v\  ; ' 

mother  beiii  •  '    .  In  the 

i in    by 

f    Kij- 

t     l'ar- 

i 

is  "drunkenness."}— Phineas 

Fletcher,     Tie    PwpU  ..,    si, 

• 

::•■,  the  OOfTUpt  chief  minster 
■iris. 


MEXITLI. 


638      MICHAEL  TnE  STAMMERER. 


II  »»alt  l'ame  aussi  corrumpue  et  aussi  artificieuse  que 
Beaostris  etait  sincere  et  gencreux.— FSnelon,  TelimcK/ue 
0700). 

Mexitli,  chief  god  and  idol  of  the 
Az'tecas.  He  leaped  full-grown  into  life, 
and  with  a  spear  slew  those  who  mocked 
his  mother  Coatlan'tona  (4  syl.). 

llready  at  [hU  mother't  breatt]  the  blow  was  aimed. 
When  forth  Mexitli  leapt,  and  Iu  his  hand 
The  angry  spear. 

Southey.  ifadoe,  U.  21  (1805). 

***  Of  course,  it  will  be  remembered 
that  Minerva,  like  Mexitli,  was  born  full- 
grown  and  fully  armed. 

Mezen'tius,  king  of  the  Tyrrhenians, 
who  put  criminals  to  death  by  tying  them 
face  to  face  with  dead  bodies. — Virgil, 
jEneid,  viii.  485. 

Thi«  is  like  Hezeutius  in  VirgiL  .  . .  Such  critics  are  like 
dead  coals ;  they  may  blacken  but  cannot  burn. — Broome, 
Preface  to  J'oetnt  (1730). 

Mezzora'mia,  an  earthly  paradise 
in  Africa,  accessible  by  only  one  road. 
Gaudentio  di  Lucca  discovered  the  road, 
and  lived  at  Mezzoramia  for  twenty-five 
years. — Simon  Berington,  Gaudentio  di 
Lucca, 

M.  P.  H.,  Master  [of  the]  Fox- 
hounds. 

"  He  can't  stand  long  before  'em  at  this  pace."  said  the 
M.  F.  H.,  coming  up  with  his  huntsman.— Whyte  Mel- 
ville, Untie  John. 

Micaw'bsr  (Mr.  Wilkins),  a  most 
unpractical,  half-clever  man,  a  great 
Bpeechifier,  letter- writer,  projector  of 
bubble  schemes,  and,  though  confident  of 
success,  never  succeeding.  Having  failed 
in  everything  in  the  old  country,  he 
Hiigrated  to  Australia,  and  became  a 
magistrate  at  Middlebay. — C.  Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

%*  This  truly  amiable,  erratic  genius 
is  a  portrait  of  Dickens's  own  father, 
"David  Copperfield"  being  Dickens,  and 
"  Mrs.  Nickleby  "  (one  can  hardly  believe 
it)  is  said  to  be  Dickens's  mother. 

Mi'chael  (2  syl.),  the  special  pro- 
tector and  guardian  of  the  Jews.  This 
archangel  is  messenger  of  peace  and 
plenty. — Sale's  Koran,  ii.  notes. 

***  That  Michael  was  really  the  pro- 
tector and  guardian  angel  of  the  Jews  we 
know  from  Dan.  x.  13,  21  ;  xii.  1. 

Milton  makes  Michael  the  leader  of  the 
heavenly  host  in  the  war  in  heaven.  The 
word  means  "  God's  power."  Gabriel 
wan  next  in  command  to  the  archangel 
Michael. 

Go  Michael,  of  celestial  armies  prince. 

i'arudiio  J.ott,  vl.  44  (1A4S) 


%*  Longfellow,  in  his  Golden  Legend, 
says  that  Michael  is  the  presiding  spirit 
of  the  planet  Mercury,  and  brings  to  man 
the  gift  of  prudence  ("  The  Miracle- 
Play,"  iu.,  1851). 

Michael,  the  "trencher  favourite"  of 
Arden  of  Feversham,  in  love  with  Maria 
sister  of  Mosby.  A  weak  man,  who  both 
loves  and  honours  Arden,  but  is  inveigled 
by  Mosby  to  admit  ruffians  into  Arden't 
house  to  murder  him. — Geo.  Lillo,  Arden 
of  Feversham  (1592). 

Michael  god  of  "Wind  (5*.).  At 
the  promontory  of  Malea  is  a  chapel  built 
to  St.  Michael,  and  the  sailors  say  when 
the  wind  blows  from  that  quarter,  it  is 
occasioned  by  the  violent  motion  of  St. 
Michael's  wings.  Whenever  they  sail  by 
that  promontory,  they  pray  St.  Michae* 
to  keep  his  wings  still. 

St.  Michaers  Chair.  It  is  said  that  any 
woman  who  has  sat  on  Michael's  chair  (on 
St.  Michael's  Mount,  in  Cornwall),  wil' 
rule  her  husband  ever  after.  (See  Keynf 
St.) 

Michael  Angelo  of  Battle- 
Scenes  {The),  Michael  Angelo  Cerquozzi 
of  Rome  (1600-1660). 

Michael  Angelo  of  Prance  ( The), 
Jean  Cousin  (1500-1590). 

Michael  Angelo  des  Kermesses, 
Peter  van  Laar,  called  Le  Bamboche,  born 
at  Laaren  (1613-1673). 

Or  Michel- Ange  des  Bamboches. 

Michael  Angelo  of  Music  ( Tlxe) 
Johann  Christoph  von  Gliick  (1714-1787). 

Michael  Angelo  of  Sculptors 
(The),  Pierre  Puget  (1623-1694). 

Rene'  Michael  Slodtz  is  also  called  th« 
same  (1705-1764). 

Michael  Angelo  Titmarsh,  one 
of  the  pseudon yms  under  which  Thackeray 
contributed  to  Fraser's  Magazine  (1811- 
1863). 

Michael  Armstrong,  "the  factory 
boy."  The  hero  and  title  of  a  novel  by 
Mrs.  Trollope  (1839).  The  object  of  this 
novel  is  to  expose  what  the  authoress 
considered  to  be  the  evils  of  the  factory 
system. 

Michael  Perez,  the  copper  captain. 
(See  Pekez.) 

Michael  the  Stammerer,  born  nt 
Armorium,  in  Phrygia,  mounted  lh^ 
throne  as  emperor  of  Greece  in  a.d.  820. 


MK'HAI.. 


880 


MIHI.nl  I1IAN. 


He  used  all  his  efforts  to  introduce  the 
Jewish  sabbath  and  sacrifloe. 

I  think  I  hjkre  prnvnl  .  .  . 

;  .trine*  to  virion.  .  .   . 

.urche* 
H>  MJcbal  tha  - 

LuiiKfcUuw.  The  OuUUn  Ugcnd  (1--M). 

Michal,  in  tha  satire  of  Absalom  ami 
,•1.7,  by  Drydensnd  Tate,  is  meant 
for  Catharine  the  wife  of  ('hurled  11. — l't. 
ii.  (1682). 

Michelot,  an  unprincipled,  cowardly, 
greedy  man,  who  tries  to  discover  tlie 
secret  of  "  the  gold-mine."  Being 
procurator  of  tin-  president  of  Lyons,  his 
office  was  "to  capture  anil  arrest"  those 

churned  with  civil  or  criminal  offences. — 
I'..  Stirling,  The  Uold-Mme  or  Miller  of 
Grenoble  ( i  - 

Micom'icon,  the  pretended  kingdom 
of  Dorothea  (daughter  of  Cleonardo  of 
Andalusi'a),  a  humlrud  clays'  journey  from 
Mi  "'lis,  and  a  nine  years1  voyage  from 
Carthagena. 

Micornico'na,  the  pretended 
of  liicomicon.  Don  Quixote's  adventure 
to  Biicomiconnia  comes  to  nothing,  for  he 
wn.s  taken  home  in  a  cage,  almost  a 
as  he  was  told  of  the  wonderful  enchant- 
ments.— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  1.  IV.  2 
(1605). 

Mic'roineg'aa  (ltthe  little-great n), 
Voltaire's  imitation  of  Qvlliver't  Travel*. 

Mi'das  (Justice),  appointed  to  adjudge 
a  musical  contest  between  Pol  and  Pan. 
lie  decides  in  favour  of  Pan,  whereupon 
Pol  thmws  off  his  disguise,  appears  as 
the  uml  Apollo,  and,  being  indignant  at 
the  decision,  gives  Midas  ••  the  ears  of  an 

I  Kane  n'llara,   MidaS  i  1764). 

Edward  Bhuter  (1728  1 7 7 1 . >  was  pro- 
nounced by  (iarrii'k  "the  greatest  comic 
Hctor;"  and  ( '.  Dibdin  says:  "  Nothing 
on  earth  could  have  been  Superior  to  his 

1  Midas.'" 

Midas'*  Jars.     The  Ben-ant  v.! 
to    cut   the    kind's    hair,    discovering    the 

deformity,   was    afraid    to  whisper  the 

to  any  one,  but,  being  unable  to 

contain  himself,  be  dug  ■  bole  in  the 

earth,  and,  j hi 1 1 i u ^r  bis  n."iith  into  it, 
cried  out,  "  Km.,'  Hidas  has  ass'i   ■ 

lie   then  filled    up   the    hole,  and    felt 

rein  \  i  d. 

Tennyson  makes  the  barbers  woman: 

Tlmt  wliUivrr.1    -A.v.  ,..t  .      , 

Tdlll)>'ll.    7  V    /Vi';. 

Middlo  India,  Abyssinia,  the 
sountry  of  Prestei  John.— Bishop  Jor- 

danus. 


Middloburch     {Mr.     Jamm).     an 
Edinburgh    magistrate.    8ir    W.    S     ■■., 

1  [.). 

Middlemaa  [Mr.    "  i   nam* 

i  i  by  general  Withering 

Mrs.    H\da  general 

(born  Zeli  i 

H5,  alias  Richard  Tr<- 

sham,  a  foundling,  apprenticed    to    Dr. 

(iray.     lie  discoi 

general  Witherington,  ami  goes  to  India, 

where  he  a-  -nine-  the  C 
a  black    slave     in     the 

Montreville.     He  deliver-  MenieGray  by 

treachery  to  Tip] Baib,  and    Hvder  Ail 

gives  him  U]>  to  lie  cr ■..- 

an  elephant.—  Sir  \v.  8 

J>  m  ;\t.  r  (time,  <o  orgs  II.). 

Middlewick   [Mr. 
tin  d    butterman,   the  •  - 

Geoffry  Cbampneya,    and  the  father  of 

Charles.      The    butterman 

vulgar,    drops    hi-    h't  them 

out    of    place,    make-    • 

graphical    and    historical    Id;;  v 

tyrannical  temper,  Irt.  He 

turns  his  son  adrift  for  man 

Melrose    an    heiress,   who  snubbed  the 

vi   father.      \\  hen  red'. 

- -.  the  old   butterman  ^"es  t,.  bis 
son's  squalid  lodgings  and  relent        9 
all  ends  happily. 

He*  Middlewick,  son  of  the  i 

butterman,  well  educated  and  a  gentle- 
man.     His  father  wanted   him   to  marry 

Mary  Helrose,  a  girl  without  a  penny, 
hut  he  preferred  violet  an  heiress. — H. 
J.  Byron,  Owr  /•' 

Midpe,  the   miller's  .-"ti.   one   of  the 
companions  of  Robin  B 1.  (See  Mien.) 

Tlirn  Mapped  f,,rtli  bnwj  little  J.bn 
Ami  Mul»c  U  • 

Midian  Mara,  t!.'  -maid. 

<  could  brru  U« 
a,tt 

Midlothian  |  The  Bern 
of  the  Porteons  riot,  in  which  the  iaci- 

.r. 

absorbing    inU  r .  - 1 .      1 

Staunton  i,  •)  hile    in    ti 
Saddli '  B  her    infant, 

and    M  -!i  ;     hut    her 

• 

■ 
knie,    on    her    return    to 
Scotland,    married    Reuben    Butlerj    and 
C<  i  rdie      1; 
Staunton)     inarm  .     I 


MIDSUMMER  MOON. 


640 


MILAN  DECREE. 


being  shot  by  a  gipsy  boy,  Effie  (i.e.  lady 
Staunton)  retired  to  a  convent  on  the 
Continent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian (time,  George  II.). 

Midsummer  Moon.  Dogs  suffer 
from  hydrophobia  during  the  heat  of 
midsummer;  hence  the  term  "  Mid- 
summer moon"  means  madness.  It  will 
be  found  amongst  Kay's  proverbs,  and 
Olivia  (in  Twelfth  Nu/ht)  says  to  Mal- 
volio,  "  Why,  this  is  very  midsummer 
madness ! " 

WL»t's  this  midsummer  moon  ?  Is  all  the  world  gone 
•  -madding?— Dryden,  Amphitryon,  iv.  1  (1690). 

Midsummer  Night's  Dream. 
Shakespeare  says  there  was  a  law  in 
Athens,  that  if  a  daughter  refused  to 
marry  the  husband  selected  for  her  by 
her  father,  she  might  be  put  to  death. 
Egeus  (3  syl.),  an  Athenian,  promised  to 
give  his  daughter  Hermia  in  marriage 
to  Demetrius ;  but  as  the  lady  loved 
Lysander,  she  refused  to  marry  the  man 
selected  by  her  father,  and  fled  from 
Athens  with  her  lovur.  Demetrius  went 
in  pursuit  of  her,  followed  by  Helena, 
who  doted  on  him.  All  four  came  to  a 
forest,  and  fell  asleep.  In  their  dreams 
a  vision  of  fairies  passed  before  them, 
and  on  awaking,  Demetrius  resolved  to 
forego  Hermia  who  disliked  him,  and  to 
take  to  wife  Helena  who  sincerely  loved 
him.  When  Egeus  was  informed  thereof, 
he  readily  agreed  to  give  his  daughter  to 
Lysander,  and  the  force  of  the-  law  was 
not  called  into  action  (1592). 

%*  Several  of  the  incidents  of  this 
comedy  arc  borrowed  from  the  Diana  of 
Montemayor,  a  Spaniard  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Midwife  of  Men's  Thoughts. 
So  Socrates  termed  himself  (b.c.  468- 
399). 

No  other  man  ever  struck  out  of  others  so  many  sparks 
to  set  light  to  original  thought. — Grote,  History  of  Orcico 
(18-HS-M). 

Miggs  (Miss),  the  handmaiden  and 
"  comforter  "  of  Mrs.  Varden.  A  tall, 
gaunt  young  woman,  addicted  to  pattens ; 
slender  and  shrewish,  of  a  sharp  and  acid 
visage.  She  held  the  male  sex  in  utter 
contempt,  but  had  a  secret  exception  in 
favour  of  Sim  Tappertit,  who  irreverently 
called  her  "  scraggy."  Miss  Miggs 
always  sided  with  madam  against  master, 
and  made  out  that  site  was  a  suffering 
martyr,  and  he  an  inhuman  Nero.  She 
called  ma'am  "mini;"  said  her  sister 
lived  at  "  twenty-sivin  ; "  Simon  she 
called  "  Simmun."     She  said  Mrs.  Var- 


den was  "the  mildest,  amiablest,  for- 
givingest-sperited,  longest-sufferingest 
female  in  existence."  Baffled  in  all  her 
matrimonial  hopes,  she  wa3  at  last  ap- 
pointed female  turnkey  to  a  county  Bride- 
well, which  office  she  held  for  thirty 
years,  when  she  died. — C.  Dickens, 
Barnaby  Budge  (1841). 

Miss  Miggs,  hafBed  in  all  her  schemes  .  .  .  and  cast 
upon  a  thankless,  undeserving  world,  turned  very  sharp 
and  sour  .  .  .  hut  the  justices  of  the  peace  for  Middlesex 
.  .  .  selected  her  from  124  competitors  to  the  offlc*  of 
turnkey  for  a  county  Bridewell,  which  she  held  till  her 
decease,  more  than  thirty  years  afterwards,  remaining 
single  all  that  time. — Last  chapt. 

Mign'on,  a  beautiful,  dwarfish, 
fairy-like  Italian  girl,  in  love  with 
Wilhelm  her  protector.  She  glides 
before  us  in  the  mazy  dance,  or  whirls 
her  tambourine  like  an  Ariel.  Full  o' 
fervour,  full  of  love,  full  of  rapture,  she 
is  overwhelmed  with  the  torrent  of  des- 
pair at  finding  her  love  is  not  returned, 
becomes  insane,  and  dies. — Goethe,  Wil- 
helm Meistcr's  Apprenticeship  (1794-6). 

Sir  W.  Scott  drew  his  "  Fenella,"  in 
Peveril  of  the  Peak,  from  this  character  ; 
and  Victor  Hugo  has  reproduced  her  in  his 
Notre  Dame,  under  the  name  of  "  Esme- 
ralda." 

Migonnet,  a  fairy  king,  who  wished 
to  marry  the  princess  brought  up  by 
Violenta  the  fairy  mother. 

Of  all  dwarfs  he  was  the  smallest  His  feet  were  like  an 
eagle's  and  close  to  the  knees,  for  legs  he  had  none.  Ilia 
rojal  robes  were  not  above  half  a  yard  long,  and  trailed 
one-third  part  upon  the  ground.  His  head  was  as  big  as 
a  peck,  and  his  nose  long  enough  for  twelve  birds  to  perch 
on.  His  beard  was  bushy  enough  for  a  canary's  nest,  and 
his  ears  readied  a  foot  aliove  Ills  head. — Cointessc  D'Aunoy, 
fairy  Talet  ("  The  WhiU;  Cat,"  1032). 

Mika'do  of  Japan,  the  spiritual 
supreme  or  chief  pontiff.  The  temporal 
supreme  is  called  the  kovbo,  segoon,  or 
tycoon. 

But  thou,  Micado,  thou  hast  spoken 
The  word  at  which  all  locks  are  broken. 

St.  Fault  (January,  1873). 

Mil'an  (The  duke  of),  an  Italian 
prince,  an  ally  of  the  Lancastrians. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Milan  Decree,  a  decree  of  Napo- 
leon Bonaparte,  dated  Milan,  December 
27,  1807,  declaring  "the  whole  British 
empire  to  be  in  a  state  of  blockade,  and 
prohibiting  all  countries  from  trading 
with  Great  Britain  or  using  any  article 
made  therein." 

%*  As  Britain  was  the  best  customer 
of  the  very  nations  forbidden  to  deal 
with  her,  this  very  absurd  decree  was  % 
two-edged  sword,  cutting  both  ways. 


MII.DKNI"). 


8 '.  l 


miijj:k. 


BDldendo,  the  metropolis  of  Lilli- 
pot,  tin'  trail  of  which  was  two  fed 
a  half  high  and  eleven  inches  thick.   The 
city  u  .ire,  and  divided 

into  four  quarters.   The  emperor's  palace, 
called   Belfab'orac,  itood   in  the  centre 
of  the   city. — Swift,    QvMoer't    I 
("  Lilliput,   iv->  1726). 

Mile'sian  Fables  (Milesia  Fabvla), 
wry  wanton  and  ludicrous  tales,  sir 
Edward  Bulwer  Lytton  (lord  Lytton) 
published    six    of    the    Lost     /.; 

in  rhymelesa  verse.  Re  says  ho 
borrowed  them  from  the  scattered  rem- 
nants preserved  by  Apollodo'rus  and 
Conon,  contained  in  the  pages  "f  Pausa'- 
nias  and  AthentBas,  or  dispersed  through- 
oat  the  Scholiasts.  The  Milesian 
m  re,  for  the  most  part,  in  prose  ;  bni 
Ovid  tells  us  that   Aristi'dei    rendered 

mime  of  them  into  verse,  and  Sisenna 
into  Latin. 

Jumit  Ari -■■  am 

FuLiiN  ah  til.  i  ijc  (  bun  aorta 

The  original  tales  by  Antonius  Diog'- 
enfis  are  described  by  Photin  ,  II  ap- 
pears that  they  were  great  favourites 
with  the  luxurious  Sybarites.  A  »•■  >i»i — 
Dilation  was  made  by  Ariatldfis,  by  whom 
(according  to  Ovid)  some  were  versified 
also.  The  Latin  translation  by  Sisenna 
was  made  about  the  lime  of  th< 
war-  of  Ma'rius  and  Sylla.  Parthen'ius 
Nice  nus,  who  taught  Virgil   Greek,  l>"r- 

rowed  thirty-six  of  the  tales,  which  he 
dedicated  to  Cornelias  Callus,  and  en- 
titled L'r6ti/uJn  Pathlmatdn  ("  Love 
stories  "). 

MUeria    Orwntao,    amatory    off* 
Venus  was  worshipped  at  Miletus,  and 
hence  the  loose' amatory  tales  of  Antonius 

DiOgenfis  were  entitled     '  '</<r. 

Mile'sians,  the  "ancient"  Irish. 
The  legend  is  thai  Ireland  was  once 
peopled  by  the  Fir-bolg  or  Bel^n  from 
Britain,  who  were  subdued  i>y  Milesians 
from    Asia    Minor,    culled    the    Gaeli    of 

Ireland. 

My  Duntty,  by  i"v  f  itiicr'i  nda,  an  all  itn-  tni*  oald 
M 
nemo*,  and  tin-  m  >  >  "  bllna  ihi 

k   blo.Nl   .■!    ii,,- 

uid  l  ni)  i  ii  am   i 

o.ilJ.-»i ..(  iii<  in  all     0.  Um  alia,  Um  ■ 
Pat'»  S4lle»ian  blood  balng  > 

Milford  {Colonel),  a  friend  of  sir 
Geoffrey   P«  reril.     Sir  Vr".  So  tt,  I 

of  tU  Peak  (tune,  Charles  II.). 

i  natural  BOD  of  Widow 
Warren's     late     husband.       He    K ■"     the 


crony  of     Harry    Domton,   with 

he  ran  had  » 

fortune    left  him,    luit 
it    by   his    ' 

imprisoned  for  debt.     Hurry  then   pr"- 

mised    to   marry 

would  advance  him  £6000  to  pay  off  hi* 
friend' 

heard    of   this    l.ar 

that    be    ad.  money    hi'  ; 

and    Harry,  being 
pain,   married   the   widow's   daogi 
■  if     the     widow.       Thus    all 

i   t.i   ruin." — llol- 
erol'i,  .       J9i). 

Milk-Pail  ( The),  which  was  I 
a  fortuoi .     |  See  Pi  brbi  rx.) 

Milk  Street  (London),  the  old  Milk- 
market.      Here  .Mr  Thomas   Hoi 

horn. 

Millamant,  th<  a      Edward 

a  moat  brilliant  girl, 

who    hays   -;  ■■'»    be- 

cause  cruelty  is  a  proof  of  power;   and 
when  one  parts  with  one's  cruell 
parts  with  one's  powi  r."    Millai 

far  gone  in   poetry,  and  her  hear: 
in    her    own    keeping.      Sir  Wilful    Wit- 
would  makes  love  to  her,  bul 

"tin-  superannuated  Id 

grave,  / '••-  Way 

Tl;-  rw    Dl  ■•  f    «  .•    i  '  Man    of 

fi'iniiinu-  m«  iiv  than    H 

th 
.  d  fantla  |W— TalfouM  118>U 

Miller  I  '•tiger"  of  the 

Hon.  Mr.  l'lamm.  r.  James  was  brought 
U|i  in  the  Btable,  educated  on  the  turf  and 
;.ni',  polished  and  completed  in  the  fives- 
COOTt      He  W8  I  to  Mary  <  hint/., 

the  maid  of  M    -  i       infield. — C.  H 
/'     V  .   ■ 

r  (Jot),  dames  Ballant; 

J.M.,  thn  1 1. 

*.*   Mottley  compiled  a  jest-book  in 

I     .lames      II.,     entitled     ./  « 

• 

Joe  Miller, 

From  Mottli 

|,    the 
Saxon  giant  •     ||h 

hand  ii  j  his  second 

was  nine  inches  long;   Ins  head  unusually 

il,  w ore  s  n«  :>  Hungarian  . 
and  a  huge  plumed  cap. 
exhibited  in   London  in  the 

....       m   al  Li  .    ic 

(1674   1784). 

8  T 


MILLER  OF  MANSFIELD. 


642 


MINAGROBIS. 


Miller  of  Mansfield  (The),  John 
Cockle,  a  miller  and  keeper  of  Sherwood 
Forest.  Hearing  the  report  of  a  gun, 
John  Cockle  went  into  the  forest  at  night 
to  find  poachers,  and  came  upon  the  king 
(Henry  VIII.),  who  had  been  hunting, 
and  had  got  separated  from  his  courtiers. 
The  miller  collared  him  ;  but,  being  told 
he  was  a  wayfarer,  who  had  lost  himself 
in  the  forest,  he  took  him  home  with  him 
for  the  night.  Next  day,  the  courtiers 
were  brought  to  the  same  house,  having 
been  seized  as  poachers  by  the  under- 
keepers.  It  was  then  discovered  that  the 
miller's  guest  was  the  king,  who  knighted 
the  miller,  and  settled  on  him  1000  marks 
a  year. — R.  Dodsley,  The  King  and  the 
Miller  of  Mansfield  (1737). 

Miller  of  Trompington  (TJie), 
Simon  Simkin,  an  arrant  thief.  Two 
scholars  undertook  to  see  that  a  sack  of 
corn  was  ground  for  "  Solar  Hall  Col- 
lege" without  being  tampered  with;  so 
one  stood  at  the  hopper,  and  the  other  at 
the  trough  below.  In  the  mean  time, 
Simon  Simkin  let  loose  the  scholars' 
horse  ;  and  while  they  went  to  catch  it 
he  purloined  half  a  bushel  of  the  flour, 
which  was  made  into  cakes,  and  sub- 
stituted meal  in  its  stead.  But  the 
young  men  had  their  revenge ;  they  not 
only  made  off  with  the  flour,  meal,  and 
cakes  without  payment,  but  left  the 
miller  well  trounced  also.  —  Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  ("The  Reeve's  Tale," 
1388). 

A  trick  something  like  that  played  off  on  the  Miller  of 
Trumpingtou.— /.'eweta  of  Kirkton,  xix.  253. 

Miller  on  the  Dee.  "  There  was  a 
Jolly  Miller  once  lived  on  the  River  Dee," 
is  a  song  by  Isaac  Bickerstaff,  introduced 
in  Love  in  a  Village,  i.  1  (1763). 

Mills  (Miss),  the  bosom  friend  of 
Dora.  Supposed  to  have  been  blighted 
in  early  life  in  some  love  affair,  and 
hence  she  looks  on  the  happiness  of 
others  with  a  calm,  supercilious  benignity, 
and  talks  of  herself  as  being  "in  the 
desert  of  Sahara." — C.  Dickens,  David 
Copperfield  (1849). 

Millwood.  (Sarah),  the  courtezan 
who  enticed  George  Barnwell  to  rob  his 
master  and  murder  his  uncle.  Sarah 
Millwood  spent  all  the  money  that 
George  Barnwell  obtained  by  these 
crimes,  then  turned  him  out  of  doors, 
and  impeached  against  him.  Both  wore 
hanged  — George  Lillo,  Ueorge  Barnwell 
(1732). 


David  Ross  [1728-1790]  was  once  sent  for  to  see  a  dying 
man,  who  said  to  him,  "  Mr.  Ross,  some  forty  years  ago, 
like  '  George  Barnwell,'  I  wronged  my  master  to  supply  the 
extravagance  of  a  '  Millwood.'  I  took  her  to  see  your 
performance  of  '  George  Barnwell,'  which  so  shocked  me 
that  I  vowed  to  break  off  the  connection  and  return  to 
the  path  of  virtue.  I  kept  my  resolution,  replaced  the 
money  I  had  stolen,  and  found  a  '  Maria '  in  my  master's 
daughter.  ...  I  have  bequeathed  you  £1000.  Would  It 
were  a  larger  sum  1  Farewell  I  " — Felhom,  Chroniclei  0/ 
Crime. 

Milly,  the  wife  of  William  Swidger. 
She  is  the  good  angel  of  the  tale. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Haunted  Man  (1848). 

Milo,  an  athlete  of  Croto'na,  noted 
for  his  amazing  strength.  He  could 
carry  on  his  shoulders  a  four-year-old 
heifer.  When  old,  Milo  attempted  to 
tear  in  twain  an  oak  tree,  but  the  parts, 
closing  on  his  hands,  held  him  fast,  till 
he  was  devoured  by  wolves. 

Milo  (The  English),  Thomas  Topham 
of  London  (1710-1752). 

Milton,  introduced  by  sir  Walter 
Scott  in  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Milton  of  Germany,  Frederick 
Gottlieb  Klopstock,  author  of  The  Mes~ 
siah,  an  epic  poem  (1724-1803). 

A  very  German  Milton  Indeed. 

Coleridge. 

Milton's  Monument,  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  was  by  Rysbrack. 

Milvey  (The  Rev.  Frank),  a  "  young 
man  expensively  educated  and  wretch- 
edly paid,  with  quite  a  young  wife  and 
half  a  dozen  young  children.  He  was 
under  the  necessity  of  teaching  ...  to 
eke  out  his  scanty  means,  yet  was  gene- 
rally expected  to  have  more  time  to 
spare  than  the  idlest  person  in  the  parish, 
and  more  money  than  the  richest." 

Mrs.  Milvey  (Margaretta),  a  pretty, 
bright  little  woman,  emphatic  and  im- 
pulsive, but  "  something  worn  by  an- 
xiety. She  had  repressed  many  pretty 
tastes  and  bright  fancies,  and  substituted 
instead  schools,  soup,  flannel,  coals,  and 
all  the  week-day  cares  and  Sunday 
coughs  of  a  large  population,  young  and 
old." — C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend 
(1864). 

MinagroTt>is,  admiral  of  the  cats  in 
the  great  sea-fight  of  the  cats  and  rats. 
Minagrobis  won  the  victory  by  devouring 
the  admiral  of  the  rats,  who  had  made 
three  voyages  round  the  world  in  very 
excellent  ships,  in  which  he  was  neither 
one  of  the  officers  nor  one  of  the  crew, 
but  a  kind  of  interloper.  —  Comtessa 
D'Aunov,  Fairy  Talcs  ("The  White  Cat," 
1682). 


1X0. 


Min'  's-maid  t"  Millamant. 

|             ■  f..r  fought, 

I  i          ■    •  Y.l 

TMt  Fl  •       • 

Mincing  Lano  (I.  rrup- 

tii'u  of  Mini  I  from 

the  Minioena  or  oani  of  St.  Helen,  who 
had  tenements  in 

Min'eius,  a  Venetian  river  which 
falls  into  the  Po.  VTi  fil  ni  boa  at 
Andsn,  on  the  banks  of  I 

Th'xi  booonred  Bood. 

Smooth -tlMlne-  If  India,  crowned  with  rued 

las,  si(i'U.i) 

Minikin  (Lord),  married  to  ■  i 
of  sir  John  Trotley ,  bat,  according 
i  ■  ilirta  with  Miss  Tittup ;  and  Miss 

Tittup,  who  i-  engaged  to  colonel  Tiyy, 
tlirts  with  .'i  married  man. 

Minikin,   wife  of    1< >r>  1    Minikin. 
According    t  .,   she    hat* 

hniband,  ami  tlirts  with   coloneJ 
and  colonel  Ti\ y,  who  i^  engage  d  I 
Tittup,  flirts  with  ■  married  woman.     It 

.  to  do  so.  -  Garrick,  B   ■ 
(1760). 

Minjekah'wun,  Hiawatha'i  mittens, 
madeol  doer-akin.     When  Hiawatha  had 
his  mittene  on,  he  conid  finite  the  • 
rucks  aanadar, 

II-  |  //■  luuMdj  lind  nilttrm.  Minji  kaliwun. 

milieu.  Iiui»le  nf  ilr-r  .km  ; 
Wlirn  ill-ill  l.li  luii. I    >..    »    n  tlicm. 
He  cuuld  unite  UK  rod 

Loii^f.:: 'W,  i.*hhHm,  Ir.  p 

Minna  and  Br.  iul.i.  two  beautiful 
girls,  the  daughter!  "i  Magnus  Irnil  the 
old  udulliT  of  Zetland.  Minna  waa 
stately  in  form,  with  dark  eyes  and  raTen 
.ni. his  and  Tam,  bat  not 
giddy;  enthusiastic,  talented,  and  warm- 

i.     She    l' 
1  ind  ;   but  <  !le\  i  land  w 

an    encoonter    on    the    Bpaniah    main. 

l  i  bad  golden  hair,  a  bl i  on  hex 

cheeks,    *    lain    form,    and    h 
cheerful  >n.     She   •■ 

haroine   than   bi  i  sister,   but  do 
ng  «  uman. 
rlordaunt   Mertoun   (ch.    iii 
\\ .    8  W  illiam 

III.). 

Minnehu'lri 

•  r  ni  llif  arrow  -tnaki  r  of    I 

mill  h  ifi'  of  II  law atha.     H  • 
Minnrhaha  from   the  waterfall  "f   that 
knthony   an  I 

bud.: 

■ 
I 

Loi  . 


M1NOTTI. 

Minnesingers. 

: 
; 

ully  in  | 
of  tin- 1.. 

hundred  of  I  I 

t.i  ii*. 

■  : 
Ulrioh  \"ii    I 
Frauenlob,  ai  • 
der  Vogolwi  I  le 
ron    E 

im    vi>n    dl 

I 

bat  their  principal  farm  in  tl>o 

■ 

Mino'na,  *•  the  sofl  bluel 

:i    tllO 

Song* 
Min  Samuel 

-  .  "the 

minor, 

VVealtJ  r.-hatlt.      1 

educated  at  a  nab 

. 
1 1 1  -   i .  i 

habits,  •    t"    be 

aamiming  thi 
employi 

bling, 
some  U 

dtlicr  follies,  till  hi 
brink   of  ruin.      1  i  Mr.    W 

daughter    Lacy    I 

I 

he  turned  her  ma 

huly  «:is  brought  to  iii 

iched  his  I 

■ 

: 
i     In  r    !•■    ,.:i  r 

■ 

il  ion,    mid    1 
would    bo    rescued  1 
* 

him  In  ind  that  Ir.  - 

.id. 

the  cil 


MINSTREL. 


644 


MIRABELLA. 


the  Turkish  camp  blew  up,  killing  600 
men.  Byron  says  it  was  Minotti  himself 
who  fired  the  train,  and  that  he  perished 
in  the  explosion. — Byron,  Siege  of  Corinth 
(1816). 

Minstrel  (The),  an  unfinished  poem, 
in  Spenserian  metre,  by  James  Beatie. 
Its  design  was  to  trace  the  progress  of  a 
poetic  genius,  born  in  a  rude  age,  from 
the  first  dawn  of  fancy  to  the  fulness  of 
poetic  rapture.  The  first  canto  is  de- 
scriptive of  Edwin  the  minstrel ;  canto  ii. 
is  dull  philosophy,  and  there,  happily, 
the  poem  ends.  It  is  a  pity  it  did  not 
end  with  the  first  canto  (1773-4). 

And  yet  poor  Edwin  was  no  vulgar  boy, 

Deep  thought  oft  seemed  to  fix  His  infant  eya. 
Dainties  lie  heeded  not,  nor  gaude.  nor  toy, 

Save  one  short  pipe  of  rudest  minstrelsy  ; 

Silent  when  sad,  affectionate,  tho'  shy  ; 
Ajid  now  his  look  was  most  demurely  sad  ; 

And  now  he  laughed  aloud,  yet  none  knew  why. 

The  neighbours  stared  and  sighed,  yet  blessed  the  lad  ; 

Rome  deemed  him  wondrous  wise,  and  some  believed  him 

mad. 

Canto  i.  16. 

Minstrel  (Lay  of  the  Last).  Ladye 
Margaret,  "the  flower  of  Teviot,"  was 
the  daughter  of  lord  Walter  Scott,  of 
Branksome  Hall.  She  loved  baron  Henry 
of  Cranstown ;  but  between  the  two 
families  a  deadly  feud  existed.  One  day, 
the  elfin  page  of  lord  Cranstown  enveigled 
the  heir  of  Branksome  Hall  (then  a  lad) 
into  the  woods,  where  he  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  English,  who  marched  with 
3000  men  to  Branksome  Hall ;  but  being 
told  that  Douglas  wa.  ioming  to  the 
rescue  with  10,000  men,  the  two  armies 
agreed  to  settle  by  single  combat  whether 
the  lad  should  be  given  up  to  the  mother 
or  be  made  king  Edward's  page.  The 
two  champions  were  sir  Richard  Mus- 
grave  (English)  and  sir  William  Deloraine 
(Scotch).  The  Scotch  champion  slew  sir 
Richard,  and  the  boy  was  delivered  to 
the  mother.  It  now  turned  out  that  sir 
William  Deloraine  was  lord  Cranstown, 
who  claimed  and  received  the  hand  of 
ladve  Margaret  as  his  reward. — Sir  W. 
Scott  (1805). 

Minstrel  of  the  Border,  sir  W. 

Scott;  also  called  "The  Border  Minstrel" 
(1771-1832). 

My  steps  the  Border  Minstrel  led. 

Wordsworth,  Yarrow  RevUited. 
Great  Minstrel  of  the  Border. 

Wordsworth. 

Minstrel  of  the  English  Stage 
(2'he  Last),  James  Shirley,  last  of  the 
Shakespeare  school  (1594-1666). 

%*  Then  followed  the  licentious  French 
school,  headed  by  John  Dryden. 


Minstrels  (Royal  Domestic). 

Of  William  L,  Berdic,  called  Regis 
Jocala'tor. 

Of  Henry  I.,  Galfrid  and  Royer  or 
Raher. 

Of  Richard  I.,  Blondel. 

Miol'ner  (3  syl.),  Thor's  hammer. 

Tin's  is  my  hammer,  MitSlner  the  mighty  ; 
Giants  and  sorcerers  cannot  withstand  it. 

Ssemuud  Sigfusson,  Edda  (1130). 

Miquelets  (Les),  soldiers  of  the 
Pyrenees,  sent  to  co-operate  with  the 
dragoons  of  the  Grand  Monarque  against 
the  Camisards  of  the  Cevennes. 

Mir'abel,  the  "  wild  goose,"  a  tra- 
velled Monsieur,  who  loves  women  in  a 
loose  way,  but  abhors  matrimony,  and 
especially  dislikes  Oria'na ;  but  Oriana 
"chases"  the  "wild  goose"  with  her 
woman's  wiles,  and  catches  him. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Wild-goose  Chase 
(1652). 

Mirabel  (Old).  He  adores  his  son,  and 
wishes  him  to  marry  Oria'na.  As  the 
young  man  shilly-shallies,  the  father 
enters  into  several  schemes  to  entrap  him 
into  a  declaration  of  love ;  but  all  hia 
schemes  are  abortive. 

Young  Mirabel,  the  son,  called  "  the 
inconstant."  A  handsome,  dashing 
young  rake,  who  loves  Oriana,  but  does 
not  wish  to  marry.  Whenever  Oriana 
seems  lost  to  him,  the  ardour  of  his  love 
revives ;  but  immediately  his  path  is 
made  plain,  he  holds  off.  However,  he 
ultimately  marries  her. — G.  Farquhar, 
The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Mirabell  (Edward),  in  love  witn 
Millamant.  He  liked  her,  "with  all  her 
faults  ;  nay,  liked  her  for  her  faults,  .  .  . 
which  were  so  natural  that  (in  his  opinion) 
they  became  her." — W.  Congreve,  The 
Way  of  the  World  (1700). 

Not  all  that  Drury  Lane  affords 

Can  paint  the  rakish  "  Charles  "  SO  well. 

Or  give  such  life  to  "  Mirabell  " 

U«  Montague  Talbot,  1778-18311 

Crofton  Croker. 

Mirabella,  "a  maiden  fair,  clad  in 
mourning  weeds,  upon  a  mangy  jade, 
unmeetly  set  with  a  lewd  fool  called 
Disdain"  (canto  6).  Timias  and  Serena, 
after  quitting  the  hermit's  cell,  met  her. 
Though  so  sorely  clad  and  mounted,  the 
maiden  was  "a  lady  of  great  dignity  and 
honour,  but  scornful  and  proud."  Many 
a  wretch  did  languish  for  her  through  a 
long  life.  Being  summoned  to  Cupid's 
judgment  hall,  the  sentence   passed   on 


MIK.\M<»NT. 


MIRROR. 


her  was  that  the  should  urid< 

lecompanied  by  ■  fool,  till  sin-  bad 

saved  m  many  I  ■    bad  daio  " 

Uiralx  I  la  a  ai  also  M ned  to 

earry  :i  leaky  bottle  which   she   W  I 
with  tears,   and   ■  turn    wallet   wli: 

lill  with  repentance  ;  bnl  hi 
an. I  her  repentance  dropped  onl  at 

were   pot  in,   and   were    trampled 
under  f""t  by  Sc 
Fairy  Queen,  vi.  I 

%*  "Mirabella"  is  supposed  to  tx 
f"r  Rosalind,    who  jilted   Spenser,   and 
who  is  called  by  the  poet    'a  widow's 
ter  "f  the  glen,  runl  poor." 

Mir'amont,  brother  of  justice  Briaac, 
nmi    01 

(the  scholar)  and   I  .rtier). 

Miramont  is  nn  ignorant,  testy  old  man, 
but  ft  great  admirer  of  learning  and 
scholars. — Beaumont  nml    Fletch 

Miran'cla,  daughter  of  Prospero  the 
exiled  duke  of  Milan,  and  niece 
thonio  the  usurping  duki  -  brought 
u|>  on  ii  desert  island,  with  Ariel  the  fairy 
Fpirit.  and  Cal'iban  the  monster,  as  bex 
only  companions.  Ferdinand,  son  "(  the 
kin;;  of  Naples,  being  shipwrecl 
the  island,  falls  in  love  with  in  r,  and 
marries  her. — Bh  i  The  Tempest 

ring  henclf  with  the  Mmplr  | •■• 
Minuula  In  Uio  l*ie  of  wonder  »nJ  oucluuiUurn: 
Scott. 

,  the  ward  of  sir 
Francis  < i r i | -« • .  As  she  must  obtain  his 
consent  to  her  marriage  b<  fore  •••he  (.-■  -n l>  1 
obtain  n    of   her   fortuni 

•  il  t.i  love  him.  although  he  was 
»'i  I  years  old ;  and  the  old  fool  believed  it. 
When,  therefore,  Miranda  asked  his  con- 

m.'irrv,  he  readily  gave  it,  thinking 
trmbell  ti>  be  the  man  of  her  choice  ; 
but  the  sly  little  hussy  laughed  at  her 
old  guardian,  and  plighted  her  truth  to 

nir    i.  '.'!. — Mr-. 

I 

Mir'ju,  one  of  tin 
!,  led  by  the  guid 
Mirja  had   I  who   followed   his 

holy   life,     Klopstock,    /  i 

Mirror  .  n  mirror 

•  .    Alfinsm    if  "  ;i   beautiful   girl 

dao   chaste   anil  virtuous."     The 
mirror  was  called   uthe  touchsl 
virtue." — Ar  .....'.      • .  ("  I'rim 

AIomiuiu  " ). 


mirror   imt 

'  I  i!>y    ami     I  ml.  i 

eonsulti  il  it  if  any  a  I 

ill    then  ;    if    any   in- 
dividui  in   was 

friend   or  foe  ;  and  if   a  |~  r 
love  forlove  or  Dot.-  < 

*** 
Mirror,"  bul 

MkrOT    (  A'  .'  .    I  >r.     I  '•  CUlom. 

Kelly  was  the  dot  I 

i        speculum    resembled    a  l,pi< 

polished  cannel  coal." 

l»>n 
riiodci 

MSrr  • 

form. — GoldsmitI  . 
xlv.  (!. 

- 
lookin 

It 

would 

anything  which  ]  I  •  them,  any- 

thing  that  a  frii'inl  or  I  ..  It 

. 
by  Mi  rlin  tn  km. 

Tli. ii  >  might  l.'it.vl* 

■  AJll 

Britomart,   who    was    ku 
daughter  and  heiress,  saw  in  the  mirror  h.  r 
futtiri'  husband,  ami  tlso  bis  name,  which 

\n.i-  sir  An.  gal. 

iii.  2  (1 

Mirror  |  /  ■  irmr  which 

ilar  virtues  to  that  Rlfl 
Merlin.     Presto  r  John  could 

■ 
his  dominii 

speculum    wn 
spherical, and  possessed  a  sin 

virtue. 

Jfin  Thia 

mirror  da    of 

what 

ullt    Of    ■' 

ft, 

Mirror    (Ha/caw's).      Vulcan    made    a 


MIRROR  OF  HUMAN  SALVATION.  646 


MISHE-MOKWA. 


mirror  which  showed  those  who  looked 
into  it  the  past,  present,  and  future. 
Sir  John  Davies  says  that  Cupid  handed 
this  mirror  to  Antin'ous  when  he  was 
in  the  court  of  Ulysses,  and  Antinous 
gave  it  to  Penel'ope,  who  beheld  therein 
the  court  of  queen  Elizabeth  and  all  its 
grandeur. 

Vulcan,  the  king  of  fire,  that  mirror  wrought .  . . 
As  there  did  represent  iu  lively  show 
Our  glorious  English  court's  di\  ine  image 
As  it  should  be  in  this  our  golden  age. 

Sir  John  Davies,  Orchestra  (1616). 

Mirror  of  Human  Salvation 
(Speculum  HumancB  Salvationis),  a  picture 
Bible,  with  the  subjects  of  the  pictures 
explained  in  rhymes. 

Mirror  of  king  Ryence,  a 
mirror  made  by  Merlin.  It  showed  those 
who  looked  into  it  whatever  they  wished 
to  see. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii. 
(1590). 

Mirror  of  Knighthood,  a  ro- 
mance of  chivalry.  It  was  one  of  the 
books  in  don  Quixote's  library,  and  the 
cure  said  to  the  barber  : 

"In  this  same  Mirror  of  Knighthood  we  meet  with 
Rinaldo  de  Montalban  and  his  companions,  with  the 
twelve  peers  of  France,  and  Turiiin  the  historian.  These 
gentlemen  we  will  condemn  only  to  perpetual  exile,  as 
they  contain  something  of  the  famous  Bojardo's  inven- 
tion, whence  the  Christian  poet  Ariosto  borrowed  the 
groundwork  of  his  ingenious  compositions  ;  to  whom 
I  should  pay  little  reg:ird  if  he  had  not  written  In  his  own 
language  [Italum]." — Cervantes,  Don  Quutute,  L  i.  6 
(1606). 

Mirror  of  all  Martial  Men, 
Thomas  earl  of  Salisbury  (died  1428). 

Mirrour  for  Magistraytes,  be- 
gun by  Thomas  Sackville,  and  intended 
to  be  a  poetical  biography  of  remarkable 
Englishmen.  Sackville  wrote  the  "  In- 
duction," and  furnished  one  of  the 
sketches,  that  of  Henry  Stafford  duke  of 
Buckingham  (the  tool  of  Richard  III.). 
Baldwynne,  Ferrers,  Churchyard,  Phair, 
etc.,  added  others.  Subsequently,  John 
Higgins,  Richard  Nichols,  Thomas 
Blenerhasset,  etc.,  supplied  additional 
characters ;  but  Sackville  alone  stands 
out  pre-eminent  in  merit.  In  the  "In- 
duction," Sackville  tells  us  he  was  con- 
ducted by  Sorrowe  into  the  infernal 
regions.  At  the  porch  sat  Remorse  and 
Dread,  and  within  the  porch  were 
Revenge,  Miserie,  Care,  and  Slepe. 
Passing  on,  he  beheld  Old  Age, 
Maladie,  Famine,  and  Warre.  Sorrowe 
then  took  him  to  Acheron,  and  ordered 
Charon  to  fern'  them  across.  They 
passed  the  three-headed  Cerberus  and 
came    to    Pluto,    where    the    poet    saw 


several  ghosts,  the  last  of  all  being  th# 
duke  of  Buckingham,  whose  "  com- 
playnt "  finishes  the  part  written  b5 
Thomas  Sackville  (1557).  (See  Buck- 
ingham.) 

%*  Henry  Stafford  duke  of  Bucking- 
ham must  not  be  mistaken  for  George 
Villiers  duke  of  Buckingham  150  years 
later. 

Mirza  (The  Vision  of).  Mirza,  being 
at  Grand  Cairo  on  the  fifth  day  of  the 
moon,  which  be  always  kept  holy, 
ascended  a  high  hill,  and,  falling  into  a 
trance,  beheld  a  vision  of  human  life. 
First,  he  saw  a  prodigious  tide  of  water 
rolling  through  a  valley  with  a  thick 
mist  at  each  end — this  was  the  river  of 
time.  Over  the  river  were  several 
bridges,  some  broken,  and  some  contain- 
ing three  score  and  ten  arches,  over 
which  men  were  passing.  The  arches 
represented  the  number  of  years  the 
traveller  lived  before  he  tumbled  into 
the  river.  Lastly,  he  saw  the  happy 
valley,  but  when  he  asked  to  see  the 
secrets  hidden  under  the  dark  clouds  on 
the  other  side,  the  vision  was  ended,  and 
he  only  beheld  the  valley  of  Bagdad, 
with  its  oxen,  sheep,  and  camels  grazing 
on  its  sides. — Addison,  Vision  of  Mirza 
(Spectator,  159). 

Misbegot  (Malcolm),  natural  son  of 
Sybil  Knockwinnock,  and  an  ancestor 
of  sir  Arthur  YVardour. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Miser  (The),  a  comedy  by  H.  Field- 
ing, a  rtfehauffe'  of  Moliere's  comedy 
L'Avare.  Lovegold  is  "  Harpagon," 
Frederick  is  "  Cle'ante,"  Mariana  is 
"  Mariane,"  and  Ramilie  is  "  La  Fle'che. 
Lovegold  a  man  of  60,  and  his  son 
Frederick,  both  wish  to  marry  Mariana, 
and  in  order  to  divert  the  old  miser  from 
his  foolish  passion,  Mariana  pretends  to 
be  most  extravagant.  She  orders  a 
necklace  and  ear-rings  of  the  value  of 
£3000,  a  petticoat  and  gown  from  a  fabric 
which  is  £12  a  yard,  and  besets  the  house 
with  duns.  Lovegold  gives  £2000  to 
break  off  the  bargain,  and  Frederick 
beco  aes  the  bridegroom  of  Mariana. 

Misers. — See  Dictionary  of  Phrase 
and  Fable,  579. 

Misere're  (The)  sung  on  Good 
Fridays  in  Catholic  churches,  is  the  com- 
position of  Gregorio  Allegri,  who  died  in 
1640. 

Mishe-Mok'wa,  the  great  bear  ulai* 


MISIIE  NAHMA. 


MITA. 


l>\  M        keen         Loi  pi 

ii".  (1865). 

Misho-Nah'ma,  the  great  sttu 
"  king  of  fiahea,"  subdued  by  Hiawatha. 
Wuh  this  labour,  the  "great  teacher" 
taught  the  Indians  how  to  nuke  "il  for 
winter.  When  Hiawatha  threw  hia  line 
fur  the  sturgeon,  that  king  of  fiahea  ii rst 
peraoaded  ■  pike  to  swallow  tin-  bait  ami 
try  to  break  the  line,  bat  Hiawatha 
threw  it  back  into  the  water.  N 
ttun-fish  waa  persuaded  to  try  the  bait, 
»ith  the  -  ii  '  n  ult.  Then  the  sturgeon, 
in  anger,  swallowed  Hiawatha  and  canoe 
als.i;  bnt  Hiawatha  smote  the  heart  of 
the  sturgeon  with  his  6et,and  the  kin^ 

of  fishes  swain  to  the  shore  and  died. 
Then  the  sea-gulls  opened  a  rift  in  the 
dead  body,  eat  of  which  Hiawatha  made 
nis  escape. 

"  I  l.a»o  drill  Om  Ml'li^N.-ihrnn. 
Kliiln  lbs  km.     '   I  I  lie. 

Loiigti-iiow,  stawulhu,  Ml.  (1953). 

Misnar,  sultan  of  India,  transformed 
by  Ulin  into  a  toad.  "  He  «  it  disen- 
chanted by  the  derviae  Shemshel'nar,  the 
most  "  pious  worshipper  of  Alia  an 

nil  the  sons  of  Asia."  l'.y  prndeni 
piety,  Misnar  and  his  vi/ier  llorain  de- 
stroyed all  the  enchanters  which  tilled 
India  with  rebellion,  and  having  secured 
peace,  married  Hem'janah,  daughter  of 
Zebeneser  saltan  of  Caaaimir,  to  whom 
lie  had  been  betrothed  when  he  was 
known  only  as  the  prince  of  Georgia. — 
Sir  c.  MoreU  [J.  Ridley],  Tide*  of  the 
(/(/in,  ri.,  vii.  (1761). 

Misopr'onus,  by  Thomas  Rychardes, 
the  third  English  comedy  (1660).     It  is 

written  in  rhyming  quatrains,  and  n^t   in 

conpleta  like  r  and 

Qammtt  Qwrton 

Misquote. 

Willi  jiot  Heaab  Ol  learning  to  nil-, 

i    IB09). 

Miss  in  II'  f  '1'  tree  by  l'a\  id 

(iarrii  l.  hi  Rellaii  is  in 

love  with  captain  Loveit,  who  is  known 
to    her  only   l>y   tin-   name  of    Rhodophil  ; 

but  she  nriifa  captain  Plaah  ana 

Mr.  Fribble,  while  her  aunt  want!  her  to 
marry   an   elderly   man    by   the   DJ 

Stephen  Loveit,  «  horn  she  deb 

the    captain    returns    from    tin-    M  SJ 
lets    captain    1  laah    and     Mr.    In!  | 
p-thcr  bj  the  i  ar-  ;  and  whilt 
fronting   each    Othei   hut   afraid    !■• 

captain     l...\  ,  it    ,  ■'. 

rt  .  t  ii..  ^  away  Ins  sword,  and 

jisiHisHes  Fribble  aa  beneath  contempt. 


Mississippi   Bubble,  the   " 

I 
John    Law,  a 

tor     was     to    ha. 

excluai  banka 

of  the   lliaaiaaij  .  lition  of   his 

taking    on   himself    the    National 

-,  "rate, i  1717.  failed  i . 

Die    d«  hi 
Law  made  himai  •  . 

tad  was  allowed   :  . 

the    amount    in    paper    money,   and   to 
open  "the  Royal  Bank  of  France"  em- 
powered   to  iaaae  this   pap  r  co  • 
So  long  as  a  20-franc  not. 

'.'•t  francs,  t!  ■  LigioOJ 

.    l>ut    immediately  i 

money  was  at  a  diacount,  a  run  on  tin 

bank    set    in,    and    the    wh 

hur.-t. 

Mistletoe     Bough     (/"'.*).      The 
son-  so  called    is  by   Thi 
Bayley,  who  ,ii.  ,i  , 

Lord     Love]    married    a    young    lady,    a 
baron's  daughter,  and   on   t 
■  be  bride  proposed  th  .-. 

should  play  "  hide-and-seek."     Thi 

hid   in  an  old  oak   cheat,  and   tl 
falling   down,  shut   her   in,   for   il 
with  a  spring-lock.     Lord  Lorel  i 
her  that  night  and  sought  hi 
and  eo  on  tor  a  we'!.,  bat  nowhere  coala 
he  find  her.      -  the  old 

oak    chest     was     sold,    which, 
opened,  was  found  to  contain  ' 

of  the  bride. 

re,  in   Ins    Italy,  gives 

Bton  ,  and   cali-    t 
Mo,., 

Collet,  in  his  Belia  of  Litiriturt,  has  a 
similar  story. 

Another  is  inserted  in  the  I 

Harwell    Old    Mall    (near   Wine!  • 
once   the   resilience  of   the  SeymoOJ  ! 

oily,   has  a 
similar    tradition    attached 

.i  st  is  no* 
tin-  Rev.  .'.  Ilaj  garth,  ■■ 
(which  joins 

hall,    Ha:  \t    a    similar 

in  Hampshire,  has  a 

similar  :  ,  ;>,  ,t. 

Ml!    i. 
sir    Mi  ton    .. 

Ovyii.  ;•,..'  .a   ,    \i. 


MITAINE. 


648 


MOCK  DOCTOR. 


Mitaine,  daughter  of  Mita  and 
Miton,  and  godchild  of  Charlemagne. 
She  went  in  search  of  Fear  Fortress,  and 
found  that  it  existed  only  in  the  imagi- 
nation, for  as  she  boldly  advanced 
towards  it,  the  castle  gradually  faded 
into  thin  air.  Charlemagne  made  Mi- 
taine, for  this  achievement,  Roland's 
'squire,  and  she  fell  with  him  in  the 
memorable  attack  at  Roncesvalles.  (See 
previous  art.) — Croquemitaine,  iii. 

Mite  (Sir  Matthew),  a  returned  East 
Indian  merchant,  dissolute,  dogmatical, 
ashamed  of  his  former  acquaintances, 
hating  the  aristocracy,  yet  longing  to  be 
acknowledged  by  them.  He  squanders 
his  wealth  on  toadies,  dresses  his  livery 
servants  most  gorgeously,  and  gives  his 
chairmen  the  most  costly  exotics  to  wear 
in  their  coats.  Sir  Matthew  is  for  ever 
astonishing  weak  minds  with  his  talk 
about  rupees,  lacs,  jaghires,  and  so  on. — 
S.  Foote,  77ie  Nabob. 

Sir  John  Malcolm  gives  us  a  letter  worthy  of  sir 
Matthew  Mite,  in  which  Clive  orders  "200  shirt-«,  the 
best  and  finest  that  can  be  got  for  love  or  money." — 
Macaulay. 

Mithra  or  Mithras,  a  supreme 
divinity  of  the  ancient  Persians,  con- 
founded by  the  Greeks  and  Romans  with 
the  sun.  He  is  the  personilication  of 
Ormuzd,  representing  fecundity  and  per- 
petual renovation.  Mithra  is  represented 
as  a  young  man  with  a  Phrygian  cap, 
a  tunic,  a  mantle  on  his  left  shoulder, 
and  lunging  a  sword  into  the  neck  of  a 
bull.  Scaliger  says  the  word  means 
"greatest"  or  "supreme."  Mithra  is 
the  middle  of  the  triplasian  deity :  the 
Mediator,  Eternal  Intellect,  and  Archi- 
tect of  the  world. 

Her  towers,  where  Mithra  once  had  burned. 
To  Moslem  shrines — oh,  shame! — were  turned; 
Where  slaves,  converted  by  the  sword, 
Their  mean  apostate  worship  poured. 
And  cursed  the  faith  their  sires  adored. 
Moore,  Lalla  Rookh  ("The  Kire-Worshippers,"  1817). 

Mith'ridate  (3  syl.),  a  medicinal 
confection,  invented  by  Damoc'ratGs, 
physician  to  Mithrida'tOs  king  of  Pontus, 
and  supposed  to  be  an  antidote  to  all 
poisons  and  contagion.  It  contained 
seventy-two  ingredients.  Any  panacea 
is  called  a  "  mithridate." 

Their  kinsman  garlic  bring,  the  poor  man's  mithridate 
Drayton,  I'olyolbion,  xx.  (16:3!). 

Mith'ridate  (3  syl.),  a  tragedy  by  Racine 
(1673).  "  Monime"  (2  syl.),  in  this  drama, 
was  one  of  Mdlle.  Rachel's  great  charac- 
ters. 

Mitlirida'tes  (4  syl.),  surnamed 
"the  Great."     Being  conquered   by  the 


Romans,  he  tried  to  poison  himself,  but 
poison  had  no  effect  on  him,  and  he  was 
6lain  by  a  Gaul.  Mithridates  was  active, 
intrepid,  indefatigable,  and  fruitful  in 
resources ;  but  he  had  to  oppose  such 
generals  as  Sulla,  Lucullus,  and  Pompey 
His  ferocity  was  unbounded,  his  perfidy 
was  even  grand. 

*#*  Racine  has  written  a  French 
tragedy  on  the  subject,  called  Mithridate 
(1G73);  and  N.  Lee  brought  out  hi» 
Mithridates  in  English  about  the  same 
time. 

Mixit  (Dr.),  the  apothecary  at  the 
Black  Bear  inn  at  Darlington. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Hob  Boy  (time,  George  I.). 

M.  M.  Sketch.  (An),  a  memoran- 
dum sketch. 

"Stay  just  a  minute,"  said  Kelly,  who  was  making  an 
M.  M.  sketch  of  the  group. — B.  H.  Buxton,  Jennie  of 
the  Princes,  i.  166. 

Mne'me  (2  syl.),  a  well-spring  of 
Bceo'tia,  which  quickens  the  memory. 
The  other  well-spring  in  the  same  vicinity, 
called  Le'the,  has  the  opposite  effect, 
causing  blank  forgetfulness. — Pliny. 

Dante  calls  this  river  Eu'noe.  It  had 
the  power  of  calling  to  the  memory  all 
the  good  acts  done,  all  the  graces  be- 
stowed, all  the  mercies  received,  but  no 
evil. — DantC,  Puryatury,  xxxiii.  (1308). 

Mo'ath,  a  well-to-do  Bedouin,  father 
of  Onei'za  (3  syl.)  the  beloved  of  Thal'- 
aba.  Oneiza,  having  married  Thalaba, 
died  on  the  bridal  night,  and  Moath 
arrived  just  in  time  to  witness  the  mad 
grief  of  his  son-in-law. — Southey,  Thal- 
aba the  Destroyer,  ii.,  viii.  (1797). 

Mocc'asins,  an  Indian  buskin. 

He  Laced  his  mocasins  [tie]  in  act  to  go. 
Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  i.  24  (1809). 

MochingO,  an  ignorant  servant  of 
the  princess  Ero'ta.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Laws  of  Candy  (1647). 

Mock  Doctor  (The),  a  farce  by 
H.  Fielding  (1733),  epitomized  from  Le 
Me'decin  Malyre  Lui,  of  Moliere  (1666). 
Sir  Jasper  wants  to  make  his  daughter 
marry  a  Mr.  Dapper  ;  but  she  is  in  love 
with  Leander,  and  pretends  to  be  dumb. 
Sir  Jasper  hears  of  a  dumb  doctor,  and 
sends  his  two  flunkies  to  fetch  him.  They 
ask  one  Dorcas  to  direct  them  to  him, 
and  she  points  them  to  her  husband 
Gregory,  a  faggot-maker ;  but  tells  them 
he  is  very  eccentric,  and  must  be  well 
beaten,  or  he  will  deny  being  a  physician. 
The  faggot-makcr  is  accordingly  beaten 


MOCKINt;-i:n:i>. 


Ci'J 


MODRED. 


i  mpliance,  ami  taken  to  the  patient. 

I :         'i  hams  the  beta  of  tl 
employs  Leander  as  apothecary.     Lean- 
dei  makes  the  lady  .~i  >«:ik .  and  cod 
hit  cure  with  "pills  matnmoniae.'     sir 
takee  the  joke  in  good  pin,  and 
becomes  reconciled  to  the  alliance. 

Mocking-Bird.  "  I  taring  the  space 
of  .1  minute,  I  nave  heard  it  imitate  the 
woodlark,  chaffinch,  blackbird,  thrush. 
and  ipatrew.  .  .  .  Their  few  natural 
Botee  resemble  thoae  of  the  nightingale, 
but  their  aong  is  of  greater  com  pa 
butc  varied." — Ashe,  Troveti  in  America, 
ii.  78. 

Moclas,  (i  famous  Arabian  robber, 
whose  name  is  synonymous  with  "thief." 
(Sou  Al.man7.iii;,  tlie  caliph,  p.  24.) 

Mode  (Sr  William),  in  Mr-;.  Cent- 
livze's  drama  The  Boau't  Duel  (1708). 

Mode'loVO   (Sr   J'hiliji),  one   of    the 

four  guardians  of  Anne  Lovely  the. 
heiress.     Sir  Philip  is  an  "old  beau,  that 

Baa    May    in    his    fancy    and    dr. 

December  in  his  face  and  his  heels.     Se 

admires  all  new  fashions  .  .  .  loves 
operas,  halls,  and  masquerades"  (act  i.  1). 
Colonel    Freeman    personates  a    French 

fop,  and  obtains  his  consent  to  marry  his 
Ward,  the  heiress.-  MlB.  'Vutlivre,  A 
Hold  ftorokefor  a  Wife  (1717). 

Modely,  a  man  of  the  world,  gay, 
fashionable,  and    a  libertine.     He  had 

of  "lovers,"  but  never  loved  till 

he  saw  the   little  rustic'   UUS   named    Ann 

Freehold,  a  farmer's  daughter,  to  whom 
lie  proposed  matrimony. — John  Philip 
Kemhle,  The  Farm-ht 

Modish  {Lady  Betty),  really  in  love 

with   lord    Morel. .ve,  hut    treats    him  with 

i  1   sconi   or   indifference,    because 
lor    pride 

lieu. .  ->  w  ith  h.rd  Foppington 

(a   married    man.,    t..    mortify    M 

and  arouse  his  jealousy.     Bj  the  advice 

of  sir   I  rd    Mori  l"Ve    pays 

lor  out   in  her  »w  D  coin,  by  tlirti: 

lady    ( iris  •  air-,   and  assuming  an    air   of 

indifference.     I  Itimately,  lady  Betty   is 

reduced  to  common  -.  use,  and  gives  her 

heart  and  hand  to  lord   V 

Gbber,  /'.    On 

sirs.  Oldfield  excellenth  acted   "lady 
Betty    Modish  "  W  . 

T.  Davies  says  of  Mi-.  Pritchard  (1711 
i  -iie  conceived   accurately  and 

■Cted    pleasantly    '  ladv    Towulv. 

Betty  Modish,' and  'Maria'  in  /  •    .\  '. 


"  lady 

. 

Mod    . 
and  one  of  the  ti\  ■    I 

Tom." — Shakespeare,  a  .  t  it. 

bc.  l  t  i  • 

Modrod,  son  of  Lot  kin-  ..f  N 
and    Anne    own   sister   of    king   Arthur 

(pt.viii._M  ;   i\.  V),      11' 
''the   traitor."      While   km: 

waning  with   i 
died   m  .'tit,  but   d 

crown,    and    married    his  aunt  tin 
(pt.x.  18).  When  Arthur  heard  thet 
returned,   and  attacked  the  usurper,  who 
vi.  1).     The  Kin^ 
followed   him,  ami    Mcdied    drew    up   his 
army   at   Cambula,    in   Cornwall, 
another  battle  was  fought.    In 
ment  Modred   was  slain,  and  Art!.  U 

Ihisdeath-woun 
queen,  called   Guanhun 

know  n  as  ( iuon'i  \  ■ 
City  of  1.. 
order  of  Julius   the  |  t.  xi.  1). — 

rey,  British  . 
*,*   1  different   I 

accounts  given  in  Arthurian  rom 
Mordred,  that   it   is  ! 

two    names    as    if    they    wire    ai 
individuals. 

Modred     (£&■),     nephew      of      king 

Arthur.       II.  and 

sowed  discoi  I  of  the 

Round     Table.  that 

Modred   "  tampered    with   the    1.  • 
the  White  Horse,''  the  brood  thai  Hen- 
gist  left.    Geoffrey  of  MonmontJ 
he   made   a    league   with    Cheldric    the 

Saxon   leader  in   Germany,  and  pi 

to  give  him  all   that   pan 

which    lies  the    H umber    and 

Scotland,  togl  :'o  r   with   all   that  1 

ami  Horsa  told  in  Rent,  if  hi 
him  against   king  Art1 
Cheldrn 

"with 
xi.    I). 

\\ 
ho  had 
adultery     with     the    QUI 

. 
up  his 
army    a  md    in    this 

■ 
md     Arthui    • 
wound.      I  •  onj   r»n,    J  i 

n     is     in 
dc i tit <  r  with  G 


MODU. 


650 


MOHUN. 


previous  art.),  nor  with  Arthurian  romance 
(see  Mordred),  and  is,  therefore,  given 
separately. 

Modu,  the  prince  of  all  devils  that 
take  possession  of  a  human  being. 

Maho  was  the  chief  devil  that  had  possession  of  Sarah 
Williains;  but  .  .  .  Richard  Main;  was  molested  by  a 
still  more  considerable  fiend  called  Modu,  .  .  .  the 
prince  of  all  other  devils.  —  Harsnett,  Declaration  of 
Popish  Impostures,  268. 

Modus,  cousin  of  Helen  ;  a  "musty 
library,  who  loved  Greek  and  Latin;" 
but  cousin  Helen  loved  the  bookworm, 
and  taught  him  how  to  love  far  better 
than  Ovid  could  with  his  Art  of  Love. 
Having  so  good  a  teacher,  Modus  became 
an  apt  scholar,  and  eloped  with  cousin 
Helen.— S.Knowles,  TheHunchback  (1831). 

Moe'chus,  Adultery  personified  ;  one 
of  the  four  sons  of  Caro  {fleshly  lust). 
His  brothers  were  Pornei'us  {fornication), 
Acath'arus,  and  Asel'ges  (lasciviousness). 
In  the  battle  of  Mansoul,  Mcechus  is  slain 
by  Agnei'a  (wifely  chastity),  the  spouse 
of  Encra'tes  (temperance)  and  sister  of 
Parthen'ia  (maidenly  chastity).  (Greek, 
vwichos,  "an  adulterer.") — Phineas  Flet- 
cher, The  Purple  Island,  xi.  (1033). 

Mceli'ades  (4  syl.).  Under  this  name 
William  Drummond  signalized  Henry 
prince  of  Wales,  eldest  son  of  James  I., 
in  the  monody  entitled  Tears  on  the  Death 
of  Mosliades.  The  word  is  an  anagram 
of  Miles  a  Deo.  The  prince,  in  his  mas- 
querades and  martial  sports,  used  to  call 
himself  "  Moeliadtss  of  the  Isles." 

Mceliades,  bright  day-star  of  the  West. 
W   Drummond,  Tears  on  the  Death  of  Ataliaddt  (1612). 

The  burden  of  the  monody  is  : 

Mceliades  sweet  courtly  nymphs  deplore. 
From  Tliul6  to  Hydaspcs'  pearly  shore. 

Moffat  (Mabel),  domestic  of  Edward 
Eedgauntlet. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Redyauntlct 
(time,  George  III.). 

Moha'di  (Mahommed),  the  twelfth 
imaum,  whom  the  Orientals  believe  is 
not  dead,  but  is  destined  to  return  and 
combat  Antichrist  before  the  consum- 
mation of  all  things. 

***  Prince  Arthur,  Merlin,  Charle- 
magne, Barbarossa,  dom  Sebastian, 
Charles  V.,  Elijah  Mansur,  Desmond  of 
Kilmallock,  etc.,  are  traditionally  not 
dead,  but  only  sleeping  till  the  fulness 
of  time,  when  each  will  awake  and  effect 
iiiost  wondrous  restorations. 

Mohair  (The  Men  of),  the  citizens  of 
France. 

The  men   of  mohair,  as  the  citizens  were  called.— 

iiiiluwk  Vhriiti,  via 


Moha'reb,  one  of  the  evil  spirits  of 
Dom-Daniel,  a  cave  "under  the  roots  of 
the  ocean."  It  was  given  out  that  these 
spirits  would  be  extirpated  by  one  of 
the  family  of  Hodei'rah  (3  syl.),  so  they 
leagued  against  the  whole  race.  First, 
Okba  was  sent  against  the  obnoxious 
race,  and  succeeded  in  killing  eight  of 
them,  Thal'aba  alone  having  escaped 
alive.  Next,  Abdaldar  was  sent  against 
Thalaba,  but  was  killed  by  a  simoom. 
Then  Loba'ba  was  sent  to  cut  him  off, 
but  perished  in  a  whirlwind.  Lastly, 
Mohareb  undertook  to  destroy  him.  He 
assumed  the  guise  of  a  warrior,  and  suc- 
ceeded in  alluring  the  youth  to  the  very 
"mouth  of  hell;"  but  Thalaba,  being 
alive  to  the  deceit,  flung  Mohareb  into 
the  abyss. — Southey,  Thalaba  the  De- 
stroyer, v.  (1797). 

Mohicans  (Last  of  the),  Uncas  the 
Indian  chief,  son  of  Chingachook,  and 
called  "  Decrfoot." — J.  F.  Cooper,  The 
Last  of  the  Mohicans  (a  novel,  1826). 

The  word  ought  to  be  pronounced 
Mo.hck'.kanz,  but  is  usually  called  Mo'.- 
hS.kanz. 

Mohocks,  a  class  of  ruffians  who  at 
one  time  infested  the  streets  of  London. 
So  called  from  the  Indian  Mohocks.  At 
tlit>  Restoration,  the  street  bullies  were 
called  Muns  and  Tityre  Tus  ;  they  were 
next  called  Hectors  and  Scourers;  later 
still,  Nickers  and  Hawcabites ;  and  lastly, 
Mohocks. 

Now  is  the  time  that  rakes  their  revels  keep, 
Kilidlers  of  riot,  enemies  of  sleep  : 
His  scattered  pence  the  Hying  Nicker  flings, 
And  with  the  copper  shower  the  casement  rings; 
Who  has  not  heard  the  Scowerer's  midnight  famet 
Who  has  not  trembled  at  the  Mohock's  name  t 

Gay,  Trivia,  iii.  321,  etc  (1712). 

Mohun  (Lord),  the  person  who 
joined  captain  Hill  in  a  dastardly  attack 
on  the  actor  Mountford  on  his  way  to 
Mrs.  Bracegirdle's  house,  in  Howard 
Street.  Captain  Hill  was  jealous  of 
Mountford,  and  induced  lord  Mohun  to 
join  him  in  this  "valiant  exploit." 
Mountford  died  next  day,  captain  Hill 
fled  from  the  country,  and  Mohun  was 
tried  but  acquitted. 

The  general  features  of  this  cowardly 
attack  are  very  like  that  of  the  count 
Koningsmark  on  Thomas  Thynne  of 
Lingleate  Hill.  Count  Koningsmark  was 
in  love  with  Elizabeth  Percy  (widow  of 
the  earl  of  Ogle),  who  was  contracted  to 
Mr.  Thynne ;  but  before  the  wedding 
day  arrived,  the  count,  with  some  hired 
ruftians,     assassinated    his    rival    in   hi* 


IfOIDART. 


651 


BfOLOCII. 


carnage  as.   it  wai    passing  down 
%•    B  v,    within    three 

months  i>f  the  murder,  married  t ■•■ 

of  Book 

Moidurt  {John  of)t  captain  of  the 
clan  Ronald,  and  a  <-h i«>f  in  the  army  "f 
Montrose.    Sir     W,    B  "i    of 

Montrxm  (time,  « lharlee  I. ), 

Moi'na  (2  »y/.),  daughter  of  Reutha'- 
niir  the  principal  man  of  Balclu'tha,  a 
town  mi  the  <  Hyde,  belon  • 
Britons.  Moina  married  Clessammor 
(the  maternal  nncle  of  Fingal),  and  died 
m  childbirth  of  her  eon  Carthon,  daring 
the  absence  of  her  husband.— Ossian, 
Carthon, 

Mokanna,  the  n.nmo  ^'iven  to  Hakem 
ben  Hascbem.  from  a  silver  gauze 
veil  worn  by  him  "to  dim  the  lustre  "f 
.,"  or  rather  to  bide  it  -  extreme 
ugliness.  The  history  ..|  this  impostor 
is    ^'ivi'ii    by     D'Herbelot,    /■'.  liothiqua 

%*  Mokanna  forms  the  find  Btory  of 
l.alU    1.  ■■  Ihe   Veiled    Prophet  of 

Khorassan  "),  oy  Thorn  1817). 

Mokattam  (Mount),  near  Cairo 
1 1,  ni.tcl  for  the  massacre  of  the 
caliph  Bakem  B'amr-ellah,  who  was 
given  out  to  be  incarnate  deity  and  the 
ln-t  prophet  who  communicated  b 
God  and  man  i  century).     Here, 

•  ;i  in  the  same  nuu  acre  bis  chief 
prophet,  and  many  of  hid  follower-.      In 

uence  of   tins  persecution,  Durzi, 
one  of  the  "prophets"  chief  s| 

ltil  the  survivors   into   Syria,  wh< 

the   Libanua  anil  Anti- 

Libanoa,    anil    took    the   nan.' 

corrupted  into  i  >, 

At  ihe  khniir  rantabad  ant. 
In  vhal  — unit  daaUb  la  uiiln  tr...  t.,1  €■)«•, 
»n  i. 

■4   K'turn    o.'  t\e   iTuft,   L 

Molay 
the  Knights  Templars,  as  be  was  led  t<> 

t  ike,  summoned  the  poj 'lement 

\        within    forty    days,   and   the   kin^ 
(Philippe   IV.)   within    forty   we< 
appear  before  the  throne  of  God  t 
for  his  death.    They   both  « i i » - 1   within 

3l  MMOHa    i" 
DSATH.) 

Moliuro   (  /  "'    Italian),  Char: 
doni  (1' 

.1,    l.candro     1  I  r 

■aadea  Moratin  (1*60  I 
Moll  Cutpuree,  Mary  Frith,  who 


drfas  on  Houn*- 
low  1 1 

Moll  Flanders,  a  woman  . •:' 

.    horn    in    the    <  »1<1     Ba 

. 

. 
convict  in  Virginia  ;  but  ulti 
rich,  ami  died  a  pi  aiU  at  in  I 
Charles  II. 

fa  and 
adventun  -.  which  he  called  J  ••-  Fbrhtmt 

Molly,    Jaggers's     housi  keeper.      \ 
.    ,  with 
a  •h'i|.  seai  •  ■  of  h.-r   ■• 

a  i  ri    full   of    11 1 > 
and  Pip  snspected  her 
mother. — C  Dicki 

Molly  MaejRs,  a  , 
maid,  in    love   with    Robin.     -   ■ 
Polyglot  the  tutor  of  •• 
but  is  very  fond  of  <  hai 
to  get  "the    caterer    Polypot" 
scrape,  but   timls,  to   I  ition, 

(  harlee    is    in 
party    to    be    blamed.— J.    I 
■. 

Molly    Mnpuircs,     stoat,    active 
young    men     dressed    ap    in    « 

clothes,   with     faCI 

wise  disgui  led.      I 
organized  in  1848,  to  terrify  the  • 
employed  l>y    In.-h   landlords    I  D 

tor  rent,  either  by  gri|  ;    i 

W.    B.     1  r.  :,.     .    .  •    /r».»A 

/ 

Molly  Mop,  an  in:;,  r 

at  Oakingham,  berks. 

>-t   of  .i i i   tbi   .  aj   spai    i  u  the 
former  half  of   t    i  Lb  century: 

bat   died  a  spin 

.' 
Inn.     Mr.  Standi  n  of  AC 
t)ie   "enamoured   swain,"  died   h 

Moll]  .fill   as 

"  the  fair  maid  "  herself.     A 

n  inn. 

Molina  tins.     (8«  Mi 

'ell        .         .   .  the   third    : 

and  I'"  • 

the  idol  «:i!» 
*■  bead    of    a    ealfe 


MOLY.  652 


Moloch  was  the  god  of  the  Am'monitea 
(3  syl.),  and  was  worshipped  in  Rabba, 
their  chief  city. 

First  Moloch,  horrid  king,  besmeared  with  blood 
Of  human  sacrifice,  and  parents'  tears. 
Though,  for  the  noise  of  drums  and  timbrels  loud. 
Their  children's  cries  unheard,  that  passed  thro'  fire 
To  his  grim  idol.     Him  the  Ammonite 
Worshipped  in  Uabba. 

Milton,  ParadUe  Lott.  L  «92,  etc.  (1665). 

MoTy  (Greek,  nidlu),  mentioned  in 
Homer's  Odyssey.  A  herb  with  a  black 
root  and  white  blossom,  given  by  Hermes 
to  Ulysses,  to  counteract  the  spells  of 
Circe.     (See  H-smony.) 

.  .  .  that  M51y 
That  Hermes  once  to  wise  Ulysses  gave. 

Milton,  Comut  [WU). 
The  root  was  black. 
Milk-white  the  blossom  ;  MOly  is  its  name 
In  heaven. 

Homer,  Odyucy,  x.  (Cowpcr's  trans.). 

Mommur,  the  capital  of  the  empire 
or  Oberon  king  of  the  fairies.  It  is 
here  he  held  bis  court. 

Momus's  Lattice.  Momus,  son  of 
Nox,  blamed  Vulcan,  because,  in  making 
the  human  form,  he  had  not  placed  a 
window  in  the  breast  for  the  discerning 
if  secret  thoughts. 

Were  Momus'  lattice  in  our  breasti, 

My  soul  might  brook  to  open  it  more  widely 

Than  theirs  [i.e.  the  nobles]. 

Byron,  Werner,  lii.  1  (1822). 

Mon  or  Mona,  An^lesea,  the  resi- 
dence of  the  druids.  Suetonius  Paulinus, 
wlio  had  the  command  of  Britain  in  the 
reign  of  Nero(from  a.d.  59  to62),  attacked 
Mona,  because  it  gave  succour  to  the 
rebellious.  The  frantic  inhabitants  ran 
about  with  fire-brands,  their  long  hair 
streaming  to  the  wind,  and  the  druids 
invoked  vengeance  on  the  Roman  army. 
—See  Drayton,  Polyolbion,  viii.  (1612). 

***  "Mona"  is  the  Latinized  form  of 
the  British  word  nwn-au  ("remote  isle"). 
The  "Isle  of  Man  "is  Mon-au  or  mona 
("  remote  isle")  corrupted  by  misconcep- 
tion of  the  meaning  of  the  word. 

Mon'aco  (The  king  of),  noted  because 
whatever  he  did  was  never  right  in  the 
opinion  of  his  people,  especially  in  that 
of  Rabagas  the  demagogue :  If  he  went 
out,  he  was  "given  to  pleasure  ;"  if  he 
stayed  at  homo,  he  was  "given  to  idle- 
ness ; "  il  he  declared  war,  he  was 
"wasteful  of  the  public  money;"  if  he 
did  not,  he  was  "  pusillanimous  ;  "  if  he 
ate,  he  was  "self-indulgent;"  if  he  ab- 
stained, he  was  "  priest-ridden." — M. 
Sardon,  ftabagas  (1872). 

Monaco.  Proud  as  a  Monegasque,  A 
French    phrase.      The   tradition    is   that 


MONEY. 

Charles  Quint  ennobled  every  one  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Monaco. 

Monarch  of  Mont  Blanc,  Albf  rt 
Smith  ;  so  called  because  for  many  years 
he  amused  a  large  London  audience,  night 
after  night,  by  relating  "  his  ascent  up 
Mont  Blanc"  (1816-1860). 

Monarque  (Le  Grand),  Louis  XIV. 
of  France  (1638,  1643-1715). 

Monastery  (The),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott  (1820).  The  Abbot  appeared  the 
same  year.  These  two  stories  are  tame 
and  very  defective  in  plot ;  but  the  cha- 
racter of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  in  The 
Abbot,  is  a  correct  and  beautiful  historical 
portrait.  The  portrait  of  queen  Elizabeth 
is  in  Kcnilworth. 

Moncada  (Matthias  de),  a  merchant, 
stern  and  relentless.  He  arrests  his 
daughter  the  day  after  her  confinement 
of  a  natural  son. 

Z'dia  de  Moncada,  daughter  of  Matthias, 
and  wife  of  general  Witherington. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's  Daughter  (time, 
George  II.). 

Moncaster.  Newcastle,  in  Northum- 
berland, was  so  called  from  ihe  number  of 
monks  settled  there  in  Saxon  times.  The 
name  was  changed,  in  1U80,  to  New-castle, 
from  the  castle  built  by  Robert  (son  of 
the  Conqueror),  to  defend  the  borderland 
from  the  Scotch. 

Monda'min,  maize  or  Indian  corn 
(mon-da-min,  "the  Spirit's  grain"). 

Sing  the  mysteries  of  mondainin, 
Sing  the  blessing  of  the  corn-fields. 

Longfellow,  UUiwalha,  xili.  (1855). 

Mone'ses  (3  syl.),  a  Greek  prince, 
betrothed  to  Arpasia,  whom  for  the 
nonce  he  called  his  sister.  Both  were 
taken  captive  by  Baj'azet.  Bajazet  fell 
in  love  with  Arpasia,  and  gave  Moneses 
a  command  in  his  army.  When  Tamer- 
lane overthrew  Bajazet.  Moneses  ex- 
plained to  the  Tartar  king  how  it  wag 
that  he  was  found  in  arms  against  him, 
and  said  his  best  wish  was  to  serve 
Tamerlane.  Bajazet  now  hated  the 
Greek  ;  and,  as  Arpasia  proved  obdurate, 
thought  to  frighten  her  into  compliance 
by  having  Moneses  bow-strung  in  her 
presence;  but  the  sight  was  so  terrible 
that  it  killed  her. — N.  Rowe,  Tamerlane 
(1702). 

Money,  a  drama,  bv  lord  E.  L.  B. 
l.vtton  (1840).  Alfred  "Evelyn,  a  poor 
scholar,  was  secretary  and  factotum  of 
sir  John  Vcsey,  but  received  no  wa^re*. 


ETTRAP. 


653 


MONKBARNS. 


He  loved  Clan  Douglas,  ■  [ r  de- 
pendent of  l.nly  Franklin,  proposed  to  her, 

Imt    mi    cot  accepted,    •■  i n 

Wen   tOO   | r  to   keep  house.*1      A   large 

fortune  being  left  to  the  poor  scholar,  he 
proposed  to  Georgina,  the  daughter  of  ni 
Jnhn  Vesey:  but  Georgina  loved  sir 
Frederick  Blount,  and  married  him. 
Evelyn,  who  loved  Clara,  pretended  to 
have  lost  his  fortune,  sad,  being 
that  sin-  really  loved  him,  pro] 
ad  time,  end  w  u  accepted. 

Moneytrap,  husband  of  Araininta, 
but  with  a  tendre  for  Clarissa  the  wife  of 
his  friend  t ; ri | ><-. — Sir  John  vanbrugh, 
'Die  Qomfed 

N.mc  ffho  im  ww  Panwiii.  [\TM  17W>)  .  .  .  ran  fonjet 
I  ....  mi  <it  "i  txi  laimlng,  wlnl<-  reprMentlng  Hip 

cii.ir..!.-r  of  tli-  unoroui  old  "Mone)trap,"  "  Kii ;  bow 
loat  »iil  ct  i.-.  FUppantaT*— G  Dtbdla 

Monflathers  (Mua),  mistress  of  a 
boarding  and  day  establishment,  t<>  whom 
Mrs.  Jarley  Bent  little  Nell,  to  a-k  hei  to 

tatronize  the  wax-wort  collection.  Bliss 
[onflathers  received  the  child  with  f ri _ri ■  1 
virtue,  and  said  to  her,  "  Don't  you  think 
you  in  M  ^t  be  very  wicked  to  be  .-i  wax- 
wort  child?  Don't  you  know  it  is  very 
naughty  to  !"•  a  wax  child  when  you 
might  have  the  proud  consciousness  of 
assisting,  to  (he  extent  of  your  infant 
powers,  the  noble  manufactures  of  your 
country?"      One  of   the  teachers   here 

chimed  in  with  "  How  doth  the  little ;" 

but  Miss  kfonflathera  remarked,  with  an 
indignant  frown,  that,  "the  little  busy 
bee  applied  only  to  genteel  children,  and 
the  '"works  of  labour  and  of  skill"  to 
painting  and  embroidery,  not  to  vulgar 
children  and  wax-wort  shows. — Charles 
Dickens,  7*40  old  Ouriotity  Shop,  xxxi. 

Monford,    the    lover    of    charlotte 

Whims. -v.      lit-   plans   various   devices  to 

hoodwink  her  old  father,  in  order  '■    ■ 
with   the    daughter.    James   Cob 
I  1766  1818). 

Monime  (3  tj/l')t  in  Bad 

■  id  :'■  .        1  his    was    oni-    of    Millie. 

Rachel's  great  eharacters,  iir>t  j..  tformad 
by  her  in  I  i 

Monim'ia,  "t! rphan,"  deter  "f 

Chamont     aiu'     ward     of      lord       I 

Monimia  was  in  love  with  \  i  I 
Castalio,  and  privately  married  him. 
Polydore  (tin  brother  of  Castalio)  also 
loved  her,  but  Ins  love  was  dishonourable 
love.  By  treachery,  Polydore  obtained 
admission  to  Blonimia'i  chamber,  and 
passed  the  bridal  night  with  her,  bfonimia 


supposing  him  to  -hand  ;   hut 

when  ■ 

she  |"  I  ;  and  Pol] 

roiher'i 
wife,  provo  i 

on  his  brother'!  sword,  and  d. 
Orphan  (166 

Mciro  tan  ban  l-ern  »h«l  far  lite  kxtuwi 

in  Smollett's  novel  •  I 

'i  1 1  76  \). 

Moniplies  (liichu-),  the  b 
willed  S  rvantof  lord  Nigel  Oli* 

faunt    of  Glenvarloch.  —  Sir    W.    Scott, 
Fbrtum  •         time,  .lames  I.;. 


Monk   (General),   introdaeed    hv  sir 
mon  wealth). 


Walter  Scott  in    Woodstock  (time, 


.)/"»»/.•   (  /'  to  a).     The 

monk  is  Felix,  who  li-:  rd  f,.r 

■  hundred  yean,  and  thought  the  time 
only  an  hour.— Longfellow,  . 

Legend,  a.  •  ; 

•     (The),  a   novel,    by    Matt; 
Lewis  (1794). 

Monk    Lewis,     sfattbeu     I 
Lewis ;  s.>  called  from   his  □ 
1818). 

Monk  of  Bury,  John  Lydgati 

.  and   the  Fall  of  Pr  i 
1460). 

i  BRM  rtr  In  i-wtry. 
A.  Hi.   inoukc  i.l  I'.urj.  Bout*  ..(  .  I.^irncr. 
Sli-l.ln.ii  ll.ii.i-,,   1  he  !■  iu.    ■  .ill). 

Monk   of  W  i: aster,  Bichard 

of  i  irencester,  the  chronicler  (fourteenth 

rj  ). 

This  chronicle. 

Britain,   was   iir-t    brought    to    light   iii 

rtram, 

ir  of  English  at  Copenhagen  ;  but 
the  original  being  do  better  know- 
that   of    Thomas   Rowley's   poems,   pub* 
liahed   by    Chatterton,    grave   suspicions 

at  I'r.  I;,  rtram  was  himself  the 

author  Of  the  chronicle. 

Moni 
Win. 

u  Edward  Leeford,  n  violent 
man,  subje  I  Edward   I.,  .ford, 

though  half-brother  to  Oliver  l» 
in  collusion  with  Bill  Sikes  I 

Failing    in    this,   he   retired    to   .\ . 
and     died     in     jail.      I '.     1 ».,  k • 

.    . 

Monkl>:irns  [Laird of),  lb. Jonathan 


MONKER  AND  NAKIR. 


654 


MONT  ROGNON. 


Oldbuck,  the  antiquary. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.)-. 

Mon'ker  and  Nakir  [Na.keer'], 
the  two  examiners  of  the  dead,  who  put 
questions  to  departed  spirits  respecting 
their  belief  in  God  and  Mahomet,  and 
award  their  state  in  after-life  according 
to  their  answers. — Al  Koran. 

"  Do  you  not  see  those  spectres  that  are  stirring  the 
burning  coals?  Are  they  Monkir  and  Nakir  come  to 
throw  us  into  them?"— W.  Beckford.  Vathek  (1786). 

Monmouth,  the  surname  of  Henry 
V.  of  England,  who  was  born  in  that 
town  (1388,  1413-1422). 

%*  Mon-mouth  is  the  mouth  of  the 
Monnow. 

Monmouth  (The  duke  of),  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  roval  armv. — SirW.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

***  The  duke  of  Monmouth  was  nick- 
named "The  Little  Duke,"  because  he 
was  diminutive  in  size.  Having  no  name 
of  his  own,  he  took  that  of  his  wife, 
"  Scott,"  countess  of  Buccleuch.  Pepys 
says:  "It  is  reported  that  the  king  will 
be  tempted  to  set  the  crown  on  the  Little 
Duke"  (Diary,  seventeenth  century). 

Monmouth  Caps.  ' '  The  best  caps  " 
(says  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies  of  Wales, 
50)  "  were  formerly  made  at  Monmouth, 
where  the  Cappen's  Chapel  doth  still 
remain." 

The  soldiers  that  the  Monmouth  wear, 
On  castle  top  their  ensigns  rear. 

Keed.  The  Capt  (1661). 

Monmouth  Street  (London),  called 
after  the  duke  of  Monmouth,  natural  son 
of  Charles  II.,  executed  for  rebellion  in 
1G85.     It  is  now  called  Dudley  Street. 

Mon'nema,  wife  of  Quia'ra,  the  only 
persons  of  the  whole  of  the  Guarani  race 
who  escaped  the  small-pox  plague  which 
ravaged  that  part  of  Paraguay.  They 
left  the  fatal  spot,  and  settled  in  the 
Mondai  woods.  Here  they  had  one  son 
Yeruti,  and  one  daughter  Mooma,  but 
Quiaia  was  killed  by  a  jaguar  before  the 
latter  was  born.  Monnema  left  the 
Mondai  woods,  and  went  to  live  at  St. 
Joachin,  in  Paraguay,  but  soon  died  from 
the  effects  of  a  house  and  city  life. — 
Southey,  A  Tale  of  Paraguay  (1814). 

Monomot'apa,  an  empire  of  South 
Africa,  joining  Mozambique. 

Ah,  sir.  you  never  saw  the  flanges  ; 
There  dwell  the  nation  of  Quidiiunkis 
(So  Munomotapa  calls  monkeys). 

Gay.  The  quidnunkit. 

Mononia,  Munster,  in  Ireland. 


Mononla,  when  nature  embellished  the  tint 
Of  thy  fields  and  thy  mountains  so  fair, 

Did  she  ever  intend  that  a  tyrant  should  print 
The  footstep  of  slavery  there  ? 
T.  Moore.  Irish  Melodiet,  i.  ("  War  Song,"  18U). 

Monsieur,  Philippe  due  d'Orleans, 
brother  of  Louis  XIV.  (1674-1723). 

%*  Other  gentlemen  were  Mons.  A  o\ 
Mons.  B,  but  the  regent  was  Mons.  with- 
out anj'  adjunct. 

Similarly,  the  daughter  of  the  due  de 
Chartres  (the  regent's  grandson)  was 
Mademoiselle. 

Monsieur  le  Coadjuteur,  Paid 
de  Gondi,  afterwards  cardinal  de  Retz 
(1614-1679). 

Monsieur  le  due,  Louis  Henri  dp 
Bourbon,  eldest  son  of  the  prince  de 
Conde  (1692-1740). 

Monsieur  Thomas,  a  drama  by 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1619). 

Monsieur  Tonson,  a  farce  by 
Moncrieff.  Jack  Ardourly  falls  in  love 
with  A  lolphine  de  Courcy  in  the  street, 
and  gets  Tom  King  to  assist  in  ferreting 
her  out.  Tom  King  discovers  that  his 
sweeting  lives  in  the  house  of  a  French 
refugee,  a  barber,  named  Mon.  Morbleu ; 
but  not  knowing  the  name  of  the  young 
lady,  he  inquires  for  Mr.  Thompson, 
hoping  to  pick  up  information.  Mon. 
Morbleu  says  no  Mon.  Tonson  lives  in 
the  house,  but  only  Mde.  Bellegarde  and 
Mdlle.  Adolphine  de  Courcy.  The  old 
Frenchman  is  driven  almost  crazy  by 
different  persons  inquiring  for  Mon.  Ton- 
son  ;  but  ultimately  Jack  Ardourly  marries 
Adolphine,  whose  mother  is  Mrs.  Thomp- 
son after  all. 

Taylor  wrote  a  drama  of  the  same  title, 
in  1767. 

Monster  (The),  Renwick  Williams, 
a  wretch  who  used  to  prowl  about  London 
by  night,  armed  with  a  double-edged 
knife,  with  which  he  mutilated  women. 
He  was  condemned  July  8,  1790. 

Mont  Dieu,  a  solitary  mound  cloge 
to  Dumfermline,  owes  its  origin,  accord- 
ing to  story,  to  some  unfortunate  monks 
who,  by  way  of  penance,  carried  the  sand 
in  baskets  from  the  sea-shore  at  Inver- 
ness. 

At  Linton  it  a  fine  conical  hill  attri- 
outed  to  two  sisters,  nuns,  v. ho  were 
compelled  to  pass  the  whole  of  the  sand 
through  a  sieve,  by  way  of  penance,  to 
obtain  pardon  for  some  crime  committed 
by  their  brother. 

Mont  Rognon  (Baron  of),  a  giant 


IIONT  BT.  JEAN. 


_-th  .iii.l  insatiable  appe- 
tite.     He    was    bandy-l<     ■  d,    I 
i.h,  and  rout  row  -  •■: 
lli-  irsi  ■  ;  aladin  of  '  !harlemagi 
one  of  the  t.'iir  sent  in  search  of  Croque- 

liiiuiiiiu  an<l  1  i-.ir  PoitNM.  —  Crvjucini- 
I 

Mont  St.  Joan  or  Watbiuvoo, 
my  Mint  St.  ./■  in.  in. 

my  final  blow,  the 
end  of  the  end. 

Jiuui    nil    1117    Muacow    [turnlnj-i*>inl\    an. I    Kali.ro 

( /a  ltf.ro] 
Mi  .10  \down/oll\.  ami   111/  Moat  St.  Joan  100101 

Cain. 

V.jr.H,.  lion  Juan.  ll    .'- 

Mont  St.  Michel,  in  Normandy. 
Qere  nine  druidessea  used  to  sell  arrows 
to  sailors  to  charm  away  stonna.  The 
arrows  bad  to  be  discharged  by  a  young 

man  'J.r>  years  < •  t" 

I  be  Laplanders  drove  ■  profitable  trade 
by  selling  winds  t"  sailors.  Even  so  late 
as  181  1.  Bessie  Millie,  of  Pomona  i<  >rk- 
ney  Islands),  helped  t"  eke  out  ■  liveli- 
hood by  selling  winds  inr  six  pence. 

Eric  Uhl:  «'i  Bweden  could  make  the 
winds  blow  from  any  quarter  he  liked  by 
a  turn  ci'  Ins  cap.  Iliiui-  be  ni  nick- 
named "  Windy  t lap." 

Mont  Tresor,  in  Prance  ;  so  railed 
by  Gontran  "the  Good,"  kin;,'  of  Bur- 
gundy  (sixteenth  century).     One  day, 

w<ary  wiih  tin  chase,  Gontran  bud  him- 
self  down   mar  B   small    river,   and    lell 
1  nre,    who    watched    his 

master,  saw  a  little  animal  coma  from  the 
ki!i_''-.  mouth,  and  walk  to  the  stream, 

over  w  hich  the  'squire  bud  his  sword,  and 

the  animal,  running  across,  entered  a  hole 
in  the  mountain.  Winn  Gontran  was 
told  of   this  incident,   he  said  he  had 

dreamt  that  In-  crossed  a  bridge  of  steel, 
and,  having  entered  a  cave  a!  the  foot  of 

a    mountain,    entered    a    palace   of    gold. 

Gontran  employed  men  to  undermine  the 

lull,  and  found  there  ?asl  tieasun  •,  which 
I  loved   in  works  of  charity  and   re- 
in ordt  r  to  commemorate  thin 

CVent,  he  called   the   lull    Uo 
(  'laud   l'aradm,   Symboi  :   li 

*«*  This  story  has  been  aacri  i 

numerous  p(  . 

Mon'tamii-  8  s;,l.),  bead  of  a  noble 
In  j-e  m  Verona,  a)  feudal  enmity  with 

the  house  of  (apulet.  Koine,  belonged 
to    Um    former,   and    Juliet    to    fie    latter 

I  ~i' I      '      .  wife  of  !..rd  Moe 

and    mother  of    Komi 

. 


Montall 

.    -.  hero 

of  ron 

. 
Eyrie   Elyson,   in  i    as  I 

chivalry. 

liin  :  of  n  inance, 

ir    the  Mirr 
work    both    Bojardo  ■  i  i 

largely  bon 

Mn'!  iiba  i 

contraction  ol 

in  the  departmenl 

/  sutcl  In  A'prn.i-ri!  of  M..ii'ialban'. 

Mill.. ...  r.r  .  .  last). 

Montafban  (Tkt  i 

Volenti  i.f  tyl.)  danghl  baaar. 

In  order  to  sound  her,  the  count  di 

himseli 

lante  detected   tin-  trick   instantly,  ami 

said  to  him,  "Come,  .  I 

y..ur  lion's  hide,  and  .'  . 

•  ; 
him,  all    came   right  at    last      J.    . 

Montant 
and  a  great  braggart. —  HenJonson,  J.iiry 
J/.iu  in  His  Humour  ^  1 

Montargis 
Dragon.      1:  belong*  1  to  captain  Aubri 

- 
liis    Bght    w  ith    the    c!n  \  alii  r    l, 
Macaire.     The  dog  w  a-  calli 

the  encounter  *  I  owr 

the    chimney    of    • 
castle  of  Montargis.     It  waeinthi 
of  Bondi,  close  by  this  castle,  thai  AuLri 
ited. 

Montonay  i 
English   kniu'lit.     Sir    W".  S 
time,  Henrj  I.  . 

Montonoprro. 

'     W      .  M  (  iod   w  U 

■ 

the  stoniness  of  the  land. 

Mi'' 

.  rront    at 
curt,    and    retired    to    La   M 

Spam.      Here  he    . 

sixty  i 

nos."     1' 

i,  and 
fell  in)  in  which 

' 
under  '  Mi  rim,  Dulcin 


MONTESPAN. 


656 


MONTROSE. 


and  other  visions,  which  he  more  than 
half  believed  to  be  realities.— Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  II.  ii.  5,  6  (1615). 

%*  This  Durandarte  was  the  cousin 
of  Montesinos,  and  Belerma  the  lady  he 
served  for  seven  years.  When  he  fell  at 
Roncesvalles,  he  prayed  his  cousin  to 
carry  his  heart  to  Belerma. 

Montespan  {The  marquis  de),  a 
concei  ed  court  fop,  silly  and  heartless. 
When  Louis  XIV.  took  Mde.  de  Montes- 
pan for  his  concubine,  he  banished  the 
mar.;uis,  saying: 

Vour  strange  and  countless  follies — 
The  scenes  you  make — your  loud  domestic  broils- 
Bring  scandal  on  our  court.    Decorum  needs 
Your  banishment.  ...  Go  ! 
And  for  your  separate  household,  which  entails 
A  double  cost,  our  treasure  shall  accord  you 
A  hundred  thousand  crowns. 

Act  iv.  1. 

The  foolish  old  marquis  says,  in  his  self- 
conceit  : 

A  hundred  thousand  crowns  for  being  civil 
To  one  another !    Well  now,  that's  a  thing 
That  happens  but  to  marquises.     It  shows 
My  value  in  the  state.     The  king  esteeins 
My  comfort  of  such  consequence  to  France, 
He  pays  me  down  a  hundred  thousand  crowns, 
Katber  than  let  my  wife  disturb  my  temper  ! 

Act  T.  2. 

Madame  de  Montespan,  wife  of  the 
marquis.  She  supplanted  La  Valliere  in 
the  base  love  of  Louis  XIV.  La  Valliere 
loved  the  man,  Montespan  the  king.  She 
had  wit  to  warm  but  not  to  burn,  energy 
which  passed  for  feeling,  a  head  to  check 
her  heart,  and  not  too  much  principle  for 
a  French  court.  Mde.  de  Montespan 
was  the  protegee  of  the  duke  de  Lauzun, 
who  used  her  as  a  stepping-stone  to 
wealth  ;  but  when  in  favour,  she  kicked 
down  the  ladder  by  which  she  had 
climbed  to  power..  However,  Lauzun 
had  his  revenge  ;  and  when  La  Valliere 
took  the  veil,  Mde.  de  Montespan  was 
banished  from  the  court. — Lord  E.  L.  B. 
Lytton,  The  Duchess  de  la  Valliere 
(1836). 

Montfaucon  {The  lady  Calista  of), 
attendant  of  'queen  Berengaria. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Tfie  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Mont-Fitch  et  {Sir  Conrade),  a  pre- 
ceptor of  the  Knights  Templars. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Montfort  {De),  the  hero  and  title  of 
a  tragedy,  intended  to  depict  the  passion 
of  hate, "by  Joanna  Baillie  (1798).  The 
object  of  De  Montfort's  hatred  is  Rezen- 
velt,  and  his  passion  drives  him  on  to 
murder. 

*<,*    De    Montfort  was    probably   the 


suggestive  inspiration   of  Byron's  Man- 
fred (1817). 

Montgomery  {Mr.),  lord  Godol- 
phin,  lord  high  treasurer  of  England  in 
the  reign  of  queen  Anne.  The  queen 
called  herself  "Mrs.  Morley,"  and  Sarah 
Jennings  duchess  of  Marlborough  was 
"  Mrs.  Freeman." 

Monthermer  {Guy),  a  nobleman, 
and  the  pursuivant  of  king  Henry  II. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Months  {Symbols  of  the),  frequently 
carved  on  church  portals,  misericords  (as 
at  Worcester),  ceilings  (as  at  Salisbury), 
etc. 

1.  Pocula  Janus  iiinat. 

2.  Et  Fehruus  alyvo  clamat 

3.  Martius  arva  fodit. 

4.  Aprilis.tforJda  nutrit. 

5.  Jtos  etjlot  nemorum  Maio  sunt  fomes  amorum. 

6.  Dat  Junius  /.Ma. 

7.  Julio  resecatur  avena. 

8.  Augustus  spicas. 

a.  September  content  uvas. 

10.  Seminat  October. 

11.  Spoliat  virgulla  November. 

12.  Querit  habere  cibum  porcum  mqctando  December. 

UtreclU  Miisal  (1515),  and  Uia 
Breviary  of  at.  A  loan's. 

Montjoie,  chief  herald  of  France.— 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  Durward  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Montorio,  the  hero  of  a  novel,  who 
persuades  his  "  brother's  sons  "  to  murder 
their  father  by  working  on  their  fears, 
and  urging  on  them  the  doctrines  of 
fatalism.  When  the  deed  was  com- 
mitted, Montorio  discovered  that  the 
young  murderers  were  not  his  nephews, 
but  his  own  sons. — Rev.  C.  R.  Maturin, 
Fatal  Revenge  (1807). 

Montreal  d'Albano,  called  "  Fra 
Moriale,"  knight  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem, 
and  captain  of  the  Grand  Company  in  the 
fourteenth  century,  when  sentenced  to 
death  by  Rienzi,  summoned  his  judge  to 
follow  him  within  the  month.  Rienzi 
was  killed  by  the  fickle  mob  within  the 
stated  period.  (See  Summons  to 
Death.) 

Montreville  {Mde.  Adela),  or  the 
Begum  Mootee  Mahul,  called  "the  queen 
of  Sheba." — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's 
Dauijhter  (time,  George  II.). 

Montrose  {The  duke  of),  com» 
mander-in-chief  of  the  king's  army.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Rob  Roy,  xxxii.( time,  George  !•). 

Montrose  {The  marquis  of). — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Woodstock  (time.  Commonwealth). 

Montrose  {James  Grahame,  carl  of),  the 
king's  lieutenant  in  Scotland.      He  ar>- 


i:  \  i. 


657 


DROP. 


peiirx  lir.st  di  '  rvant 

«.f  the  earl  of  lienti  ith.     Sii   w.  Scots, 

Montserral 
(tune,  Richard  I.). 

Moody  (.f"/tri),  the  trurinlinn  of  I 

Thrift  an    n  ii   he   brii 

iii  tin-  country,  wholly  without  society. 

John   M i  ■  picious,  and 

unsocial.     *  ■••  and 

19,  he  wants  t.>  marry  her,    but 

uniry   ^'irl,"  who 

prefera  Belville,  ■  young  man  of  mow 
■aitabli 
Ah!  -   of  John.     She 

Jparkish  a  conceited  fop,  and  mar- 
ries   Harcourt.  —  The  CovaUi 
rick,  altered  from  Wycherly). 

Moomo,  younger    lister  of  TerOti. 

Tin  ir  father  and   mother  ^err   tl nly 

of  tin'  whole  Guarani  race  who 
escaped  a  ■mall-pojc  plague  which 
lavished  '!>:"   pai  Thej 

left  the  fatal  <i».t  and  lived  in 

w Is,    when    both  tlnir  children  were 

born.     Before  the  birth   "f  M ul  be* 

lather  by  a  jaguar,  and  the 

three  survivors  liven  in  the  w hi  alone. 

When  grow  a  t>>  a  j  outhful  ■ 

•  l<  d  them  t"  come  and     i 

they  left  the  wild 
woods  for  a  city  lif<-.  Here  the  mother 
Himii  Bagged  and  died.  Mooma  lost  her 
spirits,  was  haunted  with  thick-coming 

fancies  of  g I  and  bad  angels,  and  died. 

V.ruii  ■   be  baptized,   received 

the  rib  \  ••  are  eom<  for  m<' !     I 

.  !y  ; "  and  'li'-'l  "       bey,  A 

-  !  I). 

Miinii    i  /  •  i    Incn  horns 

with   horns 
U>U  :ir.l  -  th< 

•."•  makes  the  n n  the 

the    I 
sphere  of  all  the  ten,"  and 
i 

iii.). 


II    MB  ••'  ' 

1 

■■> 

•  <*,  autl  rr.u  ui 

1*111*,  f,r>  ■•".  II      1  'in 

:\\  :i  blue  D 

very    occasionally,    once     ;"     ••» 
Similar  to  "  Gn  •  it  kal 

'  ■  • 


.  in   fV),   SJii.l   I 
with  a  I 

\   .  tort  at  thanm  cMrfba 

•nskrs 
■         • 
to  diversit)  ' 

«..,  in  • 

through  tl 
union  more  or  leu  distinct!  j  • 

•  wholly  ii'.' 

.  •."    which    • 
in    diffi 

divine  inha 

10  llffcl 

r»J«. 

Dsas  Jill 

Hilton  ii.  "  tlutt 

;*  on         moon  nr.-  dn 
and  vapours  "not  yet  into  i 

•  umed,"    that    is,  undi  I 
aliment. 


■  bjgb> 

\s;l\  ii  -        MOON'S  U  IS.) 

Moon  Mini  Mahomet.     M 
made  the  moon  |-  rfoi  ircuita 

rum. I  Caaba  «.r  the  holy  shrii 
I 

and   go    nut  at    the  left. 
it  split  into  • 
in  the  centre  of    ii.«- 
miracle  «n<  performed  for  th<         i 
of  Elahab  I 

i 

V 

•  ■ 
■ 

D  •  • 

f 


MOON  OF  BRIGHT  NIGHTS. 


C58 


MORAT. 


the  moon  on  certain  herbs  and  other 
objects,  when  powerfully  influenced  by 
incantations.  Lucan  says,  Erictho  used 
it :    Virus  large  lunare  ministrat. 

Hecate.  Upon  the  corner  of  the  moon 
There  hangs  a  vaporous  drop,  profound  ; 
I'll  catch  it  ere  it  come  to  ground. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth,  act  iii.  sc  5  (1606). 

Moon  of  Bright  Nights,  a  sy- 
nonym for  April ;  the  moon  of  leaves,  a 
synonym  for  May  ;  the  moon  of  straw- 
berries is  June ;  the  moon  of  falling 
leaves  is  September ;  and  the  moon  of 
enow-shoes  is  the  synouym  for  November. 
— Lcngfellow,  Hiawatha  (1855). 

Moon's  Men,  thieves  or  highway- 
men, who  ply  their  vocation  by  night. 

The  fortune  of  us  tlmt  aire  but  moon's  men  doth  ebb 
and  flow  like  the  sea.— Shakespeare,  1  Uenry  IV.  act  i. 
•c.  2  (1597). 

Moonshine  (Maunders),  a  smuggler. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor 
(time,  William  III.). 

Moore  (Mr.  John),  of  the  Pestle  and 
Mortar,  Abchurch  Lane,  immortalized  by 
his  "  worm-powder,"  and  called  the 
"  Worm  Doctor." 

O  learnfid  Mend  of  Abchurch  Lane, 

Who  set'st  our  entrails  free  ! 
Vain  is  thy  art,  thy  powder  vain, 

Since  worms  shall  eat  e'en  thee. 

Pope,  To  Mr.  John  Moore  (1733). 

Moorfields.  Here  stood  Bethlehem 
Hospital  or  Bedlam  at  one  time. 

Subtle.  Remember  the  feigned  madness  I  have  taught 
thee.  .  .  . 

Trickscy.  Fear  not,  be  shall  think  me  fresh  slipped 
from  the  regions  of  Moorfields.— Ben  Jonson,  The 
ilc/iemist,  i.  (1610).  4 

Moors.  The  Moors  of  Aragon  are 
called  Tangarins ;  those  of  Granada  are 
Mudajares  ;  and  those  of  Fez  are  called 
Elches.  They  are  the  best  soldiers 
of  the  Spanish  dominions.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  all  Mohammedans  were 
called  Moors;  and  hence  Camoens,  in  the 
Lusiad,  viii.,  calls  the  Indians  so. 

Mopes  (Mr.),  the  hermit  who  lived 
on  Tom  Tiddler's  Ground.  He  was  dirty, 
vain,  and  nasty,  "like  all  hermits,"  but 
had  landed  property,  and  was  said  to  be 
rich  and  learned.  He  dressed  in  a 
blanket  and  skewer,  and,  by  steeping 
himself  in  soot  and  grease,  soon  acquired 
immense  fame.  Rumour  said  he  mur- 
dered his  beautiful  young  wife,  and  aban- 
doned the  world.  Be  this  as  it  may,  he 
certainly  lived  a  nasty  life.  Mr.  Traveller 
tried  to  bring  him  back  into  society,  but 
a  tinker  said  to  him,  "  Take  my  word  for 
it,  when  iron  is  thoroughly  rotten,  you 
ean  never  botch  it,  do  what  you  may." 


— C.     Dickens,    A     Christmas     Number 
(1801). 

Mopsus,  a  shepherd,  who,  with 
Menalcas,  celebrates  the  funeral  eulogy 
of  Daphnis. — Virgil,  Eclogue,  v. 

Mora,  a  hill  in  Ulster,  on  the  border* 
of  a  heath  called  Moi-lena. — Ossian, 
Temora. 

***  Near  Upsa'la  is  what  is  called 
"The  Mora  Stone,"  where  the  Swedes 
used  of  old  to  elect  their  kings. 

Mora,  the  betrothed  of  Oscar  who 
mysteriously  disappears  on  his  bridal 
eve,  and  is  mourned  for  as  dead.  His 
younger  brother  Allan,  hoping  to  secure 
the  lands  and  fortune  of  Mora,  proposes 
marriage,  and  is  accepted.  At  the  wed- 
ding banquet,  a  stranger  demands  "a 
pledge  to  the  lost  Oscar,"  and  all  accept 
it  except  Allan,  who  is  there  and  then 
denounced  as  the  murderer  of  his  brother. 
Oscar  then  vanishes,  and  Allan  dies. — ■ 
Byron,  Oscar  of  Alva. 

Moradbak,  daughter  of  Fitead  a 
widower.  Hudjadge  king  of  Persia 
could  not  sleep,  and  commanded  Fitead, 
his  porter  and  jailer,  under  pain  of  death, 
to  find  some  one  to  tell  him  tales. 
Fitead's  daughter,  who  was  only  14, 
undertook  to  amuse  the  king  with  tales, 
and  was  assisted  in  private  by  the  sago 
Abou'melek.  After  a  perfect  success, 
Hudjadge  married  Moradbak,  and  at  her 
recommendation,  Aboumelek  was  ap- 
pointed overseer  of  the  whole  empire. — 
Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  (1743). 

Morakan'abad,  grand  vizier  of 
the  caliph  Vathek. — Beckford,  Vathek 
(1784). 

Moral  Philosophy  (The  Father 
of),  Thomas  Aquinas  (1224-1274). 

Moran  Son  of  Fithil,  one  of  the 

scouts  in  the  army  of  Swaran   king  of 
Lochlin  (Denmark). — Ossian,  Fingal. 

Moran's  Collar,  a  collar  for  magis- 
trates, which  had  the  supernatural  power 
of  pressing  the  neck  of  the  wearer  if  his 
judgments  deviated  from  strict  justice, 
and  even  of  causing  strangulation  if  he 
persevered  in  wrong  doing.  Moran, 
surnamed  "  the  Just,"  was  the  wise  coun- 
sellor of  Feredach  an  early  king  of 
Ireland. 

Morat,  in  Aurungzebe,  a  drama  by 
Dryden  (1675). 

Edward  Kynaston  (1619-16S7)  shone  with  uncommon 
lustre  in  "  Morut "  and  "  Muley  Moloch."    In  both  »he»c 


MORA  l. 


M.)F;l,|   |;|.. 


part*  ha  l.vl  i>  ftrr.T.  lion  llki 

',  iii  Switzerland,  famous  f. .r  the 
battlfl  fought  there  in  1476,  in  which 
i       Swi  ■•  1  ( !harlea  I 

of  Bargandy. 

Morml  ut.l  Maretliun  l»ln  una  dull  .i.v,.| 

Child*  Harold.  III.  04  .Islrtl. 

Morblou  !  Tbii  French  oath  ia  a 
eoimpC  <•'  ntraction  of  Mau'graby  j  thus, 
mamgrt  Man,  mau'bU  .  Maugraby  was 
the  neat  Arabian  enchanter,  and  the 
« '-r-l  neana  "  barbarous,"  hence  ■  bar- 
baroni  man  it  ■  barbarian.  The  oath  is 
common  in  Provence.  Languedoc,  and 
(iaacoigne.  1  have  often  heard  it  used 
by  t  ho  medical  students  .it  P 

Probably  it  is  ■  punning  corruption  of 
Mori  ■/.   I  . 

Mordaunt,  the  Ncretary  it  .\i\    if 
queen  Margaret  the  widow  of  Henry  VI. 
gland.     Sir    W.     Scott,    .! 
time,  Edward  IV.). 

Mor'dccai    (item),    a    rich    I 
Jew,  one   uf    the    ■niton    "f    Charlotte 

<; l.hil.l,  but,  supposing  tin-  report  t.. 

!>«•  true  t li.it  sin-  baa  lost  her  fortune,  he 
eaila  oil' an. t  retires.— C.  M.i.ki:: 
h  fa  mod  (1780), 

.    1811]  Into 

back  U  1770.      |  |    r„n. 

Mordant,  father  "f  Joanna  by  a 
formerwife.  in  order  to  marry  ladyAnne, 
be  "deserts"  Joanna  and  leaves  her  t"  be 
brought    ii j i    by    strangers.     Joanna    is 

under  Mrs.  Enfield,  ■  crimp,  and 
Mordent    consents    t.>    ■    proposal     of 

.  to  run  oil  with  lu-r.  Mordent  is 
a  spirit  embittered  with  the  world  ■  bad 
man,  with  a  goad i I  II.-  mils 

anil  siiiUr-  tin-  anguish  >,(  remorse  ;  does 
wrong,  and   blames  Providence 
when  I  the  atorrn  in-  r.  spa  the 

Whirl*  bad." 

.-     u  if,-     .  |      \\ 

•  r  i'f  tin-   carl   "I    I  rldi 
uf  a  viscount,  niece  of  ladj    Mary,  anil 
one  of  her  uncles  ia  ■  bishop.     S 
wholly  neglected  bj  her  husband,  but,  like 
(irisil.l  i  plaint, 

—  Ilnl.r  .17M, 

alii-r.-.|  into 

"Mi  >  nli-i'l  " 

(ni-trr    nl    km;     Wtliur)   and     I 

i  was  the    > 

kini;  >>f  i  »rkin  v    i  |-i.    i. 

Lot    luii     ■  \m  r<- 

•  iaw'ain,  Agravais   -  sad  Gartth, 


all  kn 

■lord  red   and 

i 
ami  induce  the    I 
hunting.     Dunn. 

!--r    ,-ir    I    . 

chaml 

-   other  kn: 
construction 

the  rliair.li.  : 
l..t  tO  COme  "lit.       : 

un   with  the  tw< 
Mordred  makes  i  .  .1*  the 

king,  who  « t.1>  r-  the 
alive.     S!n-  ia  brought  I  ,  hut  is 

rescued  by  sir  La 

thekini  While  lyii 

king  Art] 

the  pope,  » imanding  him  I 

I 

the  kni_-ht  i 

tany.      The   kr 

k,  ami    .It;: 

Mordn  Mordred 

crown,  and  tries,  but  induce 

the  queen  t..  marry  him.      When  t 

thereof,   !.- 

■1    returns    • 
Mordred  at  Dover,  ami  si  i 
down,    but  at   Salisbury 
dred  is  shun  fighting  with  U 

Arthur 

quean  then  retirea  to  ■  conv<  • 
bury,  ia  visited  by  >ir  Laum  i 
t.'  marry  him,  and  dies.     Sir  I.N: 

History    of 

■ 

by  Gi 

it  "  by 

1   N! 
that  all  thr. 

Mor'duro  (S  .    Pm- 

|..  ror  > 

illicit  : 

- 

■ 
' 

Mordun 

at   lam    \mU»  nil   I 


MORDURE. 


660 


MORGANTE. 


aside,  and  the  chair  was  "  split  to 
Bhivers."  Bevis  was  then  sold  to  an 
Armenian,  and  was  presented  to  the  king, 
who  knighted  him  and  gave  him  his 
daughter  Josian  in  marriage. — M.  Dray- 
ton, Polyolbion,  ii.  (1612). 

Mor'dure  (2  syl.),  Arthur's  sword,  made 
by  Merlin.  No  enchantment  had  power 
over  it,  no  stone  or  steel  was  proof 
against  it,  and  it  would  neither  break 
nor  bend.  (The  word  means  "hard 
•biter.") — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  8 
(1590). 

More  (Margareta),  the  heroine  and 
feigned  authoress  of  Household  of  Sir 
Thomas  More,  by  Miss  Manning  (1851). 

More  of  More  Hall,  a  legendary 
hero,  who  armed  himself  with  armour 
full  of  spikes,  and,  concealing  himself  in 
the  cave  where  the  dragon  of  Wantley 
dwelt,  slew  the  monster  by  kicking  it  in 
the  mouth,  where  alone  it  was  mortal. 

%*  In  the  burlesque  of  II.  Carey,  en- 
titled The  Dragon  of  Wantley,  the  hero 
is  called  "  Moore  of  Moore  Hall,"  and 
he  is  made  to  be  in  love  with  Gubbins's 
daughter,  Margery  of  Roth'ram  Green 
(1696-1743). 

Moreeraft,  at  first  a  miser,  but 
after  losing  most  of  his  money  he  became 
a  spendthrift. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Scornful  Lady  (1616). 

%*  "  Luke, "in  Massinger's  City  Madam, 
is  the  exact  opposite.  He  was  at  first  a 
poor  spendthrift,  but  coming  into  a  for- 
tune he  turned  miser. 

Morell  (Sir  Charles),  the  pseudonym 
of  the  Rev.  James  Ridley,  affixed  to  some 
of  the  early  editions  of  The  Tales  of  the 
Genii,  from  1764. 

More'love  {Lord),  in  love  with  lady 
Betty  Modish,  who  torments  him  almost 
to  madness  by  an  assumed  indifference, 
and  rouses  his  jealousy  by  coquetting 
with  lord  Foppington.  By  the  advice 
of  sir  Charles  Easy,  lord  Morelove  pays 
the  lady  in  her  own  coin,  assumes  an 
indifference  to  Ler,  and  flirts  with  lady 
Grave'airs.  This  brings  lady  Betty  to 
her  senses,  and  all  ends  happily. — Colley 
t  libber,  The  Careless  Husband  (1704). 

More'no  (Don  Antonio),  a  gentleman 
of  Barcelona,  who  entertained  don  Quixote 
with  mock-heroic  hospitalitv. — Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  II.  iv.  10  (1615). 

Morfm  (Mr.),  a  cheerful  bachelor  in 
the    office    of    Mr.    Dombey,    merchant. 


He  calls  himself  "  a  creature  of  habit," 
has  a  great  respect  for  the  head  of  the 
house,  and  befriends  John  Carker  when 
he  falls  into  disgrace  b}*  robbing  his  em- 
ployer. Mr.  Morfin  is  a  musical  amateur, 
and  finds  in  his  violoncello  a  solace  foi 
all  cares  and  worries.  He  marries  Har- 
riet Carker,  the  sister  of  John  and  James. 
— C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Morgan  le  Fay,  one  of  the  sisters 
of  king  Arthur  (pt.  i.  18)  ;  the  others 
were  Margawse,  Elain,  and  Anne  (Belli- 
cent  was  his  half-sister).  Morgan  calls 
herself  "queen  of  the  land  of  Gore" 
(pt.  i.  103).  She  was  the  wife  of  king 
Vrience  (pt.  i.  63),  the  mother  of  sir 
Ew'ain  (pt.  i.  73),  and  lived  in  the  castle 
of  La  Belle  Regard  (pt.  ii.  122). 

On  one  occasion,  Morgan  le  Fay  stole 
her  brother's  sword  "Excalibur,"  with  its 
scabbard,  and  sent  them  to  sir  Accolon  of 
Gaul,  her  paramour,  that  he  might  kill  her 
brother  Arthur  in  mortal  combat.  If  this 
villainy  had  succeeded,  Morgan  intended 
to  murder  her  husband,  marry  sir  Acco- 
lon, and  "devise  to  make  him  king  of 
Britain  ;  "  but  sir  Accolon,  during  the 
combat,  dropped  the  sword,  and  Arthur, 
snatching  it  up,  would  have  slain  him 
had  he  not  craved  mercy  and  confessed 
the  treasonable  design  (pt.  i.  70).  After 
this,  Morgan  stole  the  scabbard,  and  threw 
it  into  the  lake  (pt.  i.  73).  Lastly,  she 
tried  to  murder  her  broths  dv  means  of 
a  poisoned  robe  ;  but  Arthur  told  the  mes- 
senger to  try  it  on,  that  he  might  see  it, 
and  when  he  did  so  he  dropped  down 
dead,  "being  burnt  to  a  coal"  (pt.  i.  75). 
— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
(1470). 

W.  Morris,  in  his  Earthly  Paradise 
("August"),  makes  Morgan  la  Fee  the 
bride  of  Ogier  the  Dane,  after  his  earthly 
career  was  ended. 

Morgan,  a  feigned  name  adopted  by 
Belarius  a  banished  lord. — Shakespeare, 
Cymbeline  (1605). 

Morgan,  one  of  the  soldiers  of  prince 
Gwenwyn  of  Powys-land. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Morgane  (2  syl.},  a  fay,  to  whese 
charge  Zephyr  committed  young  Passe- 
lyon  and  his  cousin  Bennucq.  Passelyon 
fell  in  love  with  the  fay's  daughter,  and 
the  adventures  of  these  young  lovers  are 
related  in  the  romance  of  Perceforest, 
iii. 

Morgante  (3  syl.),  \  ferocio  is  giant. 


MOUi 


'• 


converted    to   Christianity    by    Orlando. 
After    performing    the  derfttl 

•'..in  the  bib 
ernb. — Pulci, 

" 

'  domic  race,  mw  m •■  ■■  » 

• .  I    L  1  (lduft) 

Morgany,  Qlamorgaa. 

■ 

Mor^auKn  "r   Mai     •  wife  "f 

crag  Lot.    Tbi  ii  >'■  at  ••  at  « •  re  Gaw'ain, 

nn,  ( la'herU,  and  <  Ian  tfa 
bat  Morgause  had  another  »"i  by  prince 
Artlmr,  named  afordred.     Her  ion  Ga- 
1  having  caught  hie  mother  in  nilul- 

lery  with  .-.ir  Lamorake,  cot  off  her  head. 

Klni  !>•(  tuvi  vtddad  king    I  '..it  lint 

Arthur  had 

.     I      U  lnMorynT 

U.-u). 

Mor  ;p  female   (lave,   first 

of    '  .1-1:11,    and    then    of     Ali 

. ,    cunning,   and    fruitful    in    in- 
vciitii.ni."     \\'h<  n  the  thief  mart 
door  of  hei  house  with  white 

rhnlk   in  "r. I.r  t.. 

marked  te\  era]  « >t  li-  r  d 

manner  ;  next   da;  . 

mark  « » 1 »  the  door,  ;iti.l  made  a  similar 

•  •  ti •  •  on  others,  at  before,     A   t    »  nights 

afterwards,  a  merchant  with  thirl 

oil-jan  .     I  night's  lodging  : 

•in  wonted  "il  for 
from  one  ol 
■■1  "  a-kc.i  a  voice.    "  N 

replied  M  .  and  K'"in^'  to  the  others, 

she  discos  ered  thai  ■  man  "  1 
in    tliirtv  -seven  of  the  jars.     Prom  the 

took   oil,   which  ih< 
boiling    hot,    and     «it!i    it    killed    the 

ill    his   nun    t     • 

9 

ii  merchant, 

er.  bat   rei 

1.   who 

awhile    for    bis  ivfully 

!    with   in.  Idenlv 

I     It     into     !.:s     III   irf .         \\ 

Lnew  who  il    1 
be  w  t  1  -ii  1  •  1  her  libcrt)  , 

but  al  • 

'•      it*  ("  Ali    1    . 


linn    DJ 

.  ■•/t  ntmr*\  ud 
1  -rat    t*> 

t-l  /.'.,     . 

Moririu;  l;i  F  .  1 
over  the  birth  o( 
nftir  hi 
■ 
him  »"  live  with  hi 

% 

e). 

Mot  itural 

•".n  c.f  ladi    '  lit  forth  in 

t'>   tin     I   ir 

lady  Banuu  I 

miard, 

amour,  forbade  hi 

nnd    «  1 

. 
ber  lord  he  I 

"  \\Y    ■ 

1-iil  put  me 
baron    1 
cru  d,  "111. 
gin  lie  were  mine 

II.  .. 

■ 

I >1« >t  of   III*  tl 

Lsoo,  ■  M  ■  ■  ind  of 

horn| 


1 
bn 

bj    J.    M.    M     : 

■ 
of    bai 

. 
but     hi 

!  inar- 


£K  '••  i«i*l   fl»  /-■•-  1  — 

I 

Ml  mder  which 


MORNA. 


662 


MORREL. 


Ireland.  She  was  in  love  with  Cathba, 
youngest  son  of  Torman.  Duchomar, 
out  of  jealousy,  slew  his  iival,  and  then 
asked  Morna  to  be  his  bride.  She  replied, 
"Thou  art  dark  to  me,  O  Duchomar,  and 
cruel  is  thine  arm  to  Morna."  She  then 
begged  him  for  his  sword,  and  when  "  he 
gave  it  to  her  she  thrust  it  into  his  heart." 
Duchomar  fell,  and  begged  the  maid  to 
pull  out  the  sword  that  he  might  die,  but 
when  she  did  so  he  seized  it  from  her  and 
plunged  it  into  her  side.  Whereupon 
Cuthullin  said : 

"  Peace  to  the  souls  of  the  heroes !  Their  deeds  were 
great  in  fight.  Let  them  ride  around  me  in  clouds.  Let 
them  show  their  features  in  war.  My  soul  shall  then  be 
firm  in  danger,  mine  arm  like  the  thunder  of  heaven. 
But  be  thou  on  a  moonbeam,  O  Morna,  near  the  window 
of  my  rest,  when  my  thoughts  are  at  peace,  when  the 
din  of  war  is  past." — Ossian,  Fingal,  i. 

Morna,  wife  of  Comhal  and  mother 
of  Fingal.  Her  father  was  Thaddu,  and 
her  brother  Clessammor. — Ossian. 

Mornay,  the  old  seneschal  at  earl 
Herbert's  tower  at  Peronne. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quentin  Durward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Morning  Star  of  the  Refor- 
mation, John  Wycliffe  (1324-1384). 

Wycliffe  will  ever  be  remembered  as  a  good  and  great 
man.  .  .  .  May  he  not  be  justly  styled,  "  The  Morning 
Star  of  the  Reformation  "  t— Eadie. 

Morocco  or  Makoccus,  the  perform- 
ing horse,  generally  called  "  Bankes's 
Horse."  Among  other  exploits,  we  are 
told  that  "  it  went  up  to  the  top  of  St. 
Paul's."  Both  horse  and  man  were  burnt 
alive  at  Rome,  by  order  of  the  pope,  as 
magicians. — Don  Zara  del  Fogo,  114 
fl660). 

***  Among  the  entries  at  Stationers' 
Hall  is  the  following  -.—Nov.  14,  1595  : 
A  Ballad  showing  the  Strange  Qualities  of 
a  Young  Nagg  called  Morocco. 

In  1595  was  published  the  pamphlet 
Maroccus  Extatieus  or  Bankes's  Horse  in 
a  Trance. 

Morocco  Men,  agents  of  lottery 
assurances.  In  179(5,  the  great  State 
lottery  employed  7500  morocco  men. 
Their  business  was  to  go  from  house  to 
house  among  the  customers  of  the  as- 
Burances,  or  to  attend  in  the  back  parlours 
of  public-houses,  where  the  customers 
came  to  meet  them. 

Morolt  (Dennis),  the  old  'squire  of  sir 
Raymond  Berenger. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Morose  (2  syl.),  a  miserly  old  hunks, 
who  hates  tr  Lear  any  voice  but  his  own. 
His  nephew,  sir  Dauphine,  wants  to  wring 


out  of  him  a  third  of  his  property,  and 
proceeds  thus  :  He  gets  a  lad  to  personate 
"a  silent  woman,"  and  the  phenomenon 
so  delights  the  old  man,  that  he  consents 
to  a  marriage.  No  sooner  is  the  ceremony 
over,  than  the  boy-wife  assumes  the  cha- 
racter of  a  virago  of  loud  and  ceaseless 
tongue.  Morose  is  half  mad,  and  pro- 
mises to  give  his  nephew  a  third  of  his 
income  if  he  will  take  this  intolerable 
plague  off  his  hands.  The  trick  being  re- 
vealed, Morose  retires  into  private  life, 
and  leaves  his  nephew  master  of  the  situ- 
ation.— Ben  Jonson,  The  Silent  Woman 
(1609). 

Benjamin  Johnson  [1665-1742]  seemed  to  be  proud  to 
wear  the  poet's  double  name,  and  was  particularly  great 
in  all  that  author's  plays  that  were  usually  performed 
viz.,  "Wasp,"  "  Corbaccio,"  "Morose,"  and '•Ananias." 
— Chetwood. 

("  Wasp"  in  Bartholomeio  Fair,  "  Cor- 
baccio" in  Tlie  Fox,  and  "Ananias "in 
The  Alchemist. ) 

Moroug,  the  monkey  mistaken  for 
the  devil.  Awomanof  Cambalu  died,  and 
Moroug,  wishing  to  imitate  her,  slipped 
into  her  bed,  and  dressed  himself  in  her 
night-clothes,  while  the  body  was  carried 
to  the  cemetery.  When  the  funeral  party 
returned,  and  began  the  usual  lamenta- 
tions for  the  dead,  pug  stretched  his 
night-capped  head  out  of  the  bed  and 
began  moaning  and  grimacing  most  hide- 
ously. All  the  mourners  thought  it  was 
the  devil,  and  scampered  out  as  fast  as 
they  could  run.  The  priests  assembled, 
and  resolved  to  exorcise  Satan  ;  but  pug, 
noting  their  terror,  flew  on  the  chief  of 
the  bonzes,  and  bit  his  nose  and  ears 
most  viciously.  All  the  others  fled  in 
disorder  ;  and  when  pug  had  satisfied  his 
humour,  he  escaped  out  of  the  window. 
After  a  while,  the  bonzes  returned,  with 
a  goodly  company  well  armed,  when  the 
chief  bonze  told  them  howT  he  had  fought 
with  Satan,  and  prevailed  against  him.  So 
he  was  canonized,  and  made  a  saint  in 
the  calendar  for  ever. — T.  S.  Gueulette, 
Chinese  Tales  ("  The  Ape  Moroug,"  1723). 

Morrel  or  Morell,  a  goat-herd  who 
invites  Thomalin,  a  shepherd,  to  come  to 
the  higher  grounds,  and  leave  the  low- 
lying  lands.  He  tells  Thomalin  that  many 
hills  have  been  canonized,  as  St.  Michael's 
Mount,  St.  Bridget's  Bower  in  Kent,  and 
so  on  ;  then  there  was  mount  Sinah  and 
mount  Parnass,  where  the  Muses  dwelt. 
Thomalin  replies, "The  lowlands  are  safer, 
and  hills  are  not  for  shepherds."  He  then 
illustrates  his  remark  by  the  tale  of  shep- 
herd  Alt  rind,  who  sat  like  Morrel  on  a 


MOttr! 


HUB. 


hill,  when  nn  rat'!- .  ta 

liell-fiab  in  order 
t"  break    il.  -tk. tt  1 1 . 

Skilled     by 
ri >| ■[ m-i  1    on    In-   bead 
K  .  vii. 

i  and 
■in  anagram 
■>f  Elmer  <>r  Aylmer  I ■  i  - >i •  ■  i ■  of  London, 
uh'i  "  sal  on  a  hill,"  ami  was  the  leader 
of  th'"  high-church  party.  AJgrind  n 
(•nndal  archbishop  "f  Canterbury,  head 
of   the  low-church   party,  who  i 

•  jueatrated  fur  writing  ■  l( 
the  qu<  subject  of  puril  i 
Thomalin  represent!  the  puritans.    This 
could  not  have  been  written  befon 
unli--*r<  the  n  Ugrind  was  added 
in  some  later  edition.) 

Morris,  ■  domestic  of  the  «'i rl  of 
Derby.     Mr  W.Scott, Pi     til    ■  ■ 

(time, «  li.irlc.s  II.). 

Morrii  (Mr.),  the  timid  fellow-traveller 
of  Prank  Osbaldistone,  who  carried  the 
portmanteau.    <  tobaldi  I  con- 

reming  him,  "of  all    the    prop 
which  teach  mankind  to  torment  them- 
.  thai  ■•!  •  ausi  li    -  fear  is  the  most 
irritating,  busy,  painful,  and  pitiable.  ' — 
hir  \\  .  j  time,  ( >' ••  I   •    I    . 

il  [Peter),  the  pseudonym  of  John 
(i.  Lockhart,  in   Peter' $   Letter*  to   Bit 
th  (1819). 

Morris-Danco,  it  comic  repn 
tin n   i.f  every   grade  "f    society.     The 
characters  were  dressed  partly  in  Spanish 
and  partly  in  English  costume.    Thus, 
the  ho  were  Spanish,  but  the 

itomacher  English.     Hobby-horse 

•  Dted  the  kin;,'  ami  all  the  knightly 
order;  Maid  Hanan,  the  queen:  the 
fnar,  the  clergy  generally  ;  the  fool,  the 
court  jester.     I  be  other  chai 

tented  ■  franklin  or  private  gentleman, 
n  churl  "r  farmer,  and  the  lower 
were  represented  by  a  clown,     l  in  Span- 
ish costume  il  i"  ahou  the  origin  <>f  the 
dance. 

A    n  |  n  Mntation    ol 
may  Mill  be  seen  at  r..  | :. ■>. .  in  v 
■hire,  in  a  window  placed  in  the  h 
,.,  in  about  ' 

Morrison  (/fa/A),  a  Lowland  drover, 
I  ■  ml  of  Robin  '  m.-.     Sit  V\ 

I  ■    <       I  III.). 

Mortality  ((  Itine- 

rant,  «h"    frequented    country   church- 
yards! uiul  the  graves  uf  the  covenanters. 


with  bi 

I 


:  -  \  Mortality 

II.. 

•Aid    to    ba 
meant  f'.r  I;   :  •  rl  1  ■•■• 

Morta'r.t 

I  all  over  « ith  g 
Leo  XII.,  to  adorn 

Mortclok''  •  \t 

the  funeral  of  Mrs.  ' 

Jir  W.S 

II.. 

Morto  d' Arthur,  ft  compilal  I 

Arthur  on  the  t  i  1 1  - 

. 
from  the  French  by  Mr   1  boo 
ami  printed  bj  William  '  axton  in  117". 
It  u  divided  mtu  thn  i 

birth  "i"  king  Arthur, 
•  iblishment 

beautiful  all< 

1  In-   -ri  ond 

of  sir    1  ristrs  a.     I :  ■    third 

romance  of   sir  Launcelot,  th.-  qui         ' 

the  holy  graal,  and  tin-  death  of  Artliur, 

(imn. «  ram,     Lamorake,     and 

Launo  l"t. 

*„*  The  differ) •:. 
I>art  ii  very  striking.     I  i  h.  41, 

lit.  i.  is  manifi  Btl)  I 
It  is  a  pity  I  I 

nual      ilni. 
thin,   pt.   i.   hk.    1. 

ini^ht  be  subdivided  in) 


Tlie 

monarch  din 

caliber  into  the  n  ■  knight 

.    iiit<  ndins 
the  sword  ;  but  the  dj  ing  k' 
id,  nnd  insisted  on  I 

imhed 


MORTEMAR. 


664 


MO  R  VEX. 


Sir  Bedivere  then  carried  the  dying  king 
to  a  barge,  in  which  were  three  queens, 
who  conveyed  him  to  the  island-valley 
of  Avil'ion,  "where  falls  not  hail,  or 
rain,  or  any  snow,  nor  ever  wind  blows 
loudly."  Here  was  he  taken  to  be  healed 
of  his  grievous  wound  ;  but  whether  he 
lived  or  died  we  are  not  told. 

The  idyll  called  The  Passing  of  Arthur 
is  verbatim,  like  the  Morte  dy Arthur,  with 
an  introduction  tacked  on ;  but  from 
"So  all  day  long  .  .  ."  (twelfth  para- 
graph) to  the  line,  "  So  on  the  mere  the 
wailing  died  away  "  (about  270  lines),  the 
two  are  identical. 

%*  This  idvll  is  merely  chs.  167,  168 
(pt.  iii.)  of  the"  History  of  Prince  Arthur, 
compiled  by  sir  T.  Malory,  put  into 
metre,  much  being  a  verbatim  rendering. 

See  Notes  and  Queries,  July  13,  1878, 
where  the  parallels  are  shown  paragraph 
by  paragraph. 

Mortemar  (Alberick  of),  an  exiled 
nobleman,  alias  Theodorick  the  hermit  of 
Engaddi,  the  enthusiast.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Mor'timer  (Mr.),  executor  of  lord 
Abberville,  and  uncle  of  Frances  Tyrrell. 
"  He  sheathed  a  soft  heart  in  a  rough 
case."  Externally,  Mr.  Mortimer  seemed 
unsympathetic,  brusque,  and  rugged  ;  but 
in  reality  he  was  most  benevolent,  deli- 
cate, and  tender-hearted.  "  He  did  a 
thousand  noble  acts  without  the  credit  of 
a  single  one."  In  fact,  his  tongue  belied 
his  heart,  and  his  heart  his  tongue. — 
Cumberland,  The  Fashionable  Lover 
(1780). 

Mortimer  (Sir  Edward),  a  most  bene- 
volent man,  oppressed  with  some  secret 
sorrow.  In  fact,  he  knew  himself  to  be 
a  murderer.  The  case  was  this :  Being 
in  a  county  assembly,  the  uncle  of  lady 
Helen  insulted  him,  struck  him  down, 
and  kicked  him.  Sir  Edward  rode  home 
to  send  a  challenge  to  the  ruffian  ;  but 
meeting  him  on  the  road  drunk,  he  mur- 
dered him,  was  tried  for  the  crime, 
but  was  honourably  acquitted.  He  wrote 
a  statement  of  the  case,  and  kept  the 
papers  connected  with  it  in  an  iron  chest. 
One  day,  Wilford,  his  secretary,  whose 
curiosity  had  been  aroused,  saw  the  chest 
unlocked,  and  was  just  about  to  take  out 
the  documents  when  sir  Edward  entered, 
and  threatened  to  shoot  him  ;  but  he 
relented,  made  Wilford  swear  secrecy, 
and  then  told  him  the  whole  story.  The 
young  man,  unable  to  live  under  the 
jealous  eye   of   sir  Edward,  ran  away  ; 


but  sir  Edward  dogged  him,  and  at 
length  arrested  him  on  the  charge  of 
robbery.  The  charge  broke  down,  Wil- 
ford was  acquitted,  sir  Edward  confessed 
himself  a  murderer,  and  died. — G.  Col- 
man,  The  Iron  Chest  (1796). 

Mortimer  Lightwood,  solicitoi, 
employed  in  the  "Harmon  murder  "  case. 
He  was  the  great  friend  of  Eugene  Wray- 
burn,  barrister-at-law,  and  it  was  the 
ambition  of  his  life  to  imitate  the  non- 
chalance and  other  eccentricities  of  his 
friend.  At  one  time  he  was  a  great  ad- 
mirer of  Bella  Wilfer.  Mr.  Veneering 
called  him  "one  of  his  oldest  friends  ;  " 
but  Mortimer  was  never  in  the  merchant's 
house  but  once  in  his  life,  and  resolved 
never  to  enter  it  aijain. — C.  Dickens,  Our 
Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Mortimer  Street  (London)  ;  so 
called  from  Harley,  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer,  and  baron  of  Wigmore,  in 
Herefordshire. 

Morton,  a  retainer  of  the  earl  of 
Northumberland. — Shakespeare,  2  Henry 
IV.  (1598). 

Morton  (Henry),  a  leader  in  the 
covenanters'  army  with  Balfour.  While 
abroad,  he  is  major-general  Melville. 
Henry  Morton  marries  Miss  Eden  Bel- 
lendcn. 

Old  Ralph  Morton  of  Milnwood,  uncle 
of  Henry  Morton. 

Colonel  Silas  Morton  of  Milnwood, 
father  of  Henry  Morton.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Morton  (The  earl  of),  in  the  service 
of  Mary  queen  of  Scots,  and  a  member 
of  the  privy  council  of  Scotland. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Monastery  and  T/te  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Morton  (The  Rev.  Mr.),  the  presby- 
terian  pastor  of  Cairnvreckan  village. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George 
II.). 

Mortsheugh  (Johnie),  the  old 
sexton  of  Wolf's  Hope  village. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (tim6, 
William  III.). 

Morven  ("a  ridge  of  high  hills "),  all 
the  north-west  of  Scotland  ;  called  in 
Ossian  "windy  Morven,"  "resounding 
Morven,"  "echoing  Morven,"  "rocky 
Morven."  Fingal  is  called  indifferei'.ly 
"  king  of  Selma "  and  "  king  of 
Morven."  Selma  was  the  capital  of 
Morven.  Probably  it  was  Argyllshire 
extended  north  and  east. 


M"KV1I>1S. 


" 


MorviWus,  »on  of    Daniua  by  his 
eoneabin]     I  I"    bia 

then  "  cum  boat  the  lri>h  coasts  a  most 
erael  m  meter,  which  devoured  the  people 
continually,  bat  as  loon  as  Morviaus 
beard  thereof,  h«  ventun  ntex  il 

ilium-.    \\  ht-n  all  his  darta  were  ipent. 
thf    moneter    rushed    npon    bin,    tind 
■wallowed  him  np  1  iki-  ;i  small  fish."  — 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  British  h 
iii.  L6  (1142). 

.  .  .  Hint  valiant  hiutard  .  .  . 
M.rviJm  IDmnltu'  miiI.  wliu  with  U...I  momlcr  fought, 
tits  aibjocu  that  devoured. 

llrayton.  /Wyo/Mon.  Till.  (HIS). 

M  irvidus     is     erroneously     printed 
"Horindns"  in  Drayton,  but  be 
c  irrected  hi  the  quotation  u:iv«-n  el 

Mosby,  f»"  unmitigated  villain,  lie 
■educed  Alicia,  the  wife  of  Arden  of 
Peveraham.  Thrice  he  t  r i . •■  i  to  murder 
Arden,  bat  wae  baffled,  and  then  fright- 
ened Alicia  into  conniving  al  a  moat 
villainous  scheme  of  murder.  Pn 
friendship,  Moaby  hired  two  miliaria  to 
murder  Arden  while  be  waa  playing  a 
game  "f  draughts.  I  he  villains,  who 
were  concealed  m  an  adjacent  room,  were 
to  rush  on  their  victim  when 
■aid,  "Now  I  take  yon."  The  whole 
gang  was  apprehended  and  executed. — ■ 
Aran  of  /•"■  ham  (1592),  altered  by 
■  Lillo  (1789). 

Mosca,  the  knavish  confedei 
Vol'pone    (2    nl.)    the    rich    Venetian 
"fox."  -Ben    Joneon,    Votpone  <>r    The 
Fbx  (II 

If  )i.nr  in.. lli.  r.  In  hoprt  to  niln  in*.  .Ii.nil.1  mturnt  to 
marry  my  pretnded  mi.  !>•.  in*  nii.'lit,  like  "Mi*™."  in 
p  riiia  — W.  Confrere,   l  lie  Itjy  a/ 

the  WurUi.  a     I     . 

Mosce'ru,  a    moat    stately  convent 

built  by  the  abbot  Rodulfo,  on  the  ruins 

of  ■  dilapidated  fabric.    <  in  the  day  of 

opening,  an  immense  crowd  ■•'    euibled, 

and   the  abbot   felt  proud  of   his  noble 

Amongst  othei  <  lual- 

m  ho,   « h<  n    the    abbot 

showed    him    the    pile  and    the   beauty 

thereof,  said  in  prayer,  "  If  this  convent 

is  built   for  God  a     lory,  n  ij   it  abide  to 

the  end  of  time  ;  but  il  it  ia  a  monument 

of  man'a   pride,   may   thai   little   brook 

which  Bows  hard  by  overwhelm 

[ta  n  iii  ra."    At    the    word,   the    brook 

to    Sow,    the    n  at<  ra    piled    u| 

mountain    high,    then    dashing    on    the 

convent  overthrew  it,  m.r  i. 

upon  another,  to  complete  was  the  rum. 

ithey,  Sit.  0  ■ 

Moscow,    flb  and  so  axis  <n<j  Mutcvir, 


.  ; 

fnrtuni  ds  anil 

■ 

dition,    when   his    star 

Juan  wai  my  Mnv  «  [Ski  Tit  of  my  rtjmtaHcm  and 
fams\ 

M  (1W1I 

Mo'scs,    the   Jew 
Bheridan'a     comedy      i  I     for 

i  il  (1777,). 

Moses'  Clothes.     The  Kuran  says. 
fn>m   the    - 
which  waa  rumoun  i  against  him 
xxxiii.).     The    scandal    waa    tl 
body    was   not    properly    formed,    and 
tnerefore  he  would  never  bathe  in  the 
•<■  <if  othei  r,  be  went  u> 

mil  laid  his  cloth 
m  ran  away  a  ith  tht  o  il 
camp. 

could   run.    I >u t    the    Israelites  a-iw    his 
:   body,  ami   perceived  the  untnith- 

fulneaa  of  the  common  scandal. 

.li'  Sarahs,  xxxiii.  n.  : 
Moses'  Horns.    The  Vulgal 

our  version  baa  tranalal 

tifd  tk$  .-'."»  <■/  hit  ;  The 

Hebrew  word  used  meana  both  a  "horn" 
ami  an  •'  irradiation."    Mid 

followed  tho  Vulgate. 
Moses'  Rod. 

Man    waa    living    with    ns'uSI    \Jitkrv]    the 
Mi.Ii.uiit.  i.-n.  and  he  took 

a.      This   italT  »  . 
irrlwl   it  awa)    wlicn  ha  tV-i  fi 

'    .   ■   ■   • 
liaiula  ol     I 

t.iniia.  hr  carried   it  In  .  at  Oaatb 

to  lib  lull  Ji»i'|.h.— 7to  Talmud,  il 

Moses    E 
tradition  ia  thia  :   '  rne  da)  ,1  ■• 

earn  ing  Moaea  L  en  the 

child  plucked  the  i  ughly 

that  the  Wn 

to  l»-  put  to  d<  ath.     Qui        A 
her  husband,  the  child  i 
and   *  mg  he  i">i. 

cem   betwi  ■  n   a    ruby  and    i 

i      put      It      to      !     •  I     tho 

child  clapped  into  his  mouth  the  hurn- 

i 

but  the  child  1  > 1 1 r : ->. • 

.  11. 

h.    The  account 
pvni  in  thu  Taimwa 


MOST  CHRISTIAN  KING. 


666 


MOTHER  HUBBARD. 


ft  is  therein  stated  that  Pharaoh  was  sitting 
one  day  with  Moses  on  his  lap,  when  the 
child  took  the  crown  from  the  king's  head 
and  placed  it  on  his  own.  The  "wise 
men  "  of  Egypt  persuaded  Pharaoh  that 
this  act  was  treasonable,  and  that  the  child 
should  be  put  to  death.  Jithro  [sic}  the 
priest  of  Midian  said  it  was  the  act  of  a 
child  who  knew  no  better.  "  Let  two 
pbites,"  said  he,  "  be  set  before  the  child, 
cne  containing  gold  and  the  other  live 
coals,  and  you  will  presently  see  that  he 
will  choose  the  coals  in  preference  to  the 
gold."  The  advice  of  Jithro  being  fol- 
lowed, the  boy  Moses  snatched  at  the 
coals,  and  putting  one  of  them  into  his 
mouth,  burnt  his  tongue  so  severely  that 
ever  after  he  was  "  heavy  of  speech." — 
The  Talmud,  vi. 

Most  Christian  King  (Le  Roy 
Tres-Christicn).  The  king  of  France  is  so 
called  by  others,  either  with  or  without 
his  proper  name ;  but  he  never  styles 
himself  so  in  any  letter,  grant,  or  re- 
script. 

In  St.  Rcmigius  or  Remy's  Testament, 
king  Clovis  is  called  Christianissimus 
Ludovicus. — Flodoard,  Historia  Remensis, 
i.  18  (a.d.  940). 

Motallab  (Abdal),  one  of  the  four 
husbands  of  Zesbct  the  mother  of  Ma- 
homet. He  was  not  to  know  her  as  a 
wife  till  he  had  seen  Mahomet  in  his 
pre-existing  state.  Mahomet  appeared 
to  him  as  an  old  man,  and  told  him  he 
had  chosen  Zesbet  for  her  virtue  and 
beauty  to  be  his  mother.  —  Comte  de 
Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  ("  History  of 
Abdal  Motallab,"  1743). 

Mo'tar  ("one  doomed  or  devoted  to 
sacrifice").  So  prince  Assad  was  called, 
when  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  old 
fire-worshipper,  and  was  destined  by  him 
lo  be  sacrificed  on  the  fiery  mountain. — 
Arabian  Nights  ("  Amgiad  and  Assad"). 

Moth,  page  to  don  Adriano  de 
Arnia'do  the  fantastical  Spaniard.  He 
is  cunning  and  versatile,  facetious  and 
playful. — Shakespeare,  Love's  Labour's 
Lost  (1594). 

Moth,  one  of  the  fairies. — Shakespeare, 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream  (1592). 

Moths  and  Candles.  The  moths 
fell  in  love  with  the  night-fly  ;  and  the 
night-fly,  to  get  rid  of  their  importunity, 
maliciously  bade  them  to  go  and  fetch 
fire  for  her  adornment.  The  blind  lovers 
lew  to  the  first  flame  to  obtain  the  love- 


token,  and  few  escaped  injury  or  death. 
— Kaempfer,  Account  of  Japan,  vii.  (1727). 

Mother     Ann,      Ann     Lee,     th« 

"  spiritual     mother "     of     the     shakers 
(1734-1784). 

*#*  Mother  Ann  is  regarded  as  the 
female  form,  and  Jesus  as  the  male  form, 
of  the  Messiah. 

Mother  Bunch,  a  celebrated  ale- 
wife  in  Dekker's  Satiromaster  (1602). 

***  In  1604  was  published  PasquiVt 
Jests,  mixed  with  Mother  Bunch's  Merri~\ 
ments.  In  1760  was  published,  in  two1 
parts,  Mother  Bunch's  Closet  newly  Broke 
Open,  etc.,  by  a  "  Lover  of  Mirth  and 
Hater  of  Treason." 

Mother  Bunch's  Fairy  Tales  are  known 
in  every  nursery. 

Mother  Carey's  Chickens.  The 
fish-fags  of  Paris  in  the  first  Great 
Revolution  were  so  called,  because,  like 
the  "stormy  petrel,"  whenever  they 
appeared  in  force  in  the  streets  of  Paris, 
they  always  foreboded  a  tumult  or  poli- 
tical storm. 

Mother  Carey's  Goose,  the  great 
black  petrel  or  gigantic  fulmar  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Mother  Douglas,  a  noted  crimp, 
who  lived  at  the  north-east  corner  of 
Covent  Garden.  Her  house  was  superbly 
furnished.     She  died  1761. 

*+*  Foote  introduces  her  in  The  Minor, 
as  "Mrs.  Cole"  (1760)  ;  and  Hogarth  in 
his  picture  called  "  The  March  to  Finch- 
ley." 

Mother  G-oose,  in  French  Contes  de 
Ma  Mere  I'Oye,  by  Charles  Perrault 
(1697). 

***  There  are  ten  stories  in  this  book, 
seven    of    which    are   from   the   Penta- 


Mother  Goose,  a  native  of  Boston, 
in  Massachusetts,  authoress  of  nursery 
rhymes.  Mother  Goose  used  to  sing  her 
rhymes  to  her  grandson,  and  Thomas 
Fleet,  her  brother-in-law,  printed  and 
published  the  first  edition  of  her  nursery 
rhymes,  entitled  Songs  for  the  Nursery  or 
Mother  Goose's  Melodies,  in  1719. 

*.(.*  Dibdin  wrote  a  pantomime  entitled 
Mother  Goose. 

Mother  Hubbard,  an  old  lady 
whose  whole  time  and  attention  wer* 
taken  up  by  her  dog,  who  was  most 
wilful ;  but  the  dame  uever  lost  her  tem- 
per,  nor  forgot    her  politeness.      After 


Muiiiki:  HUBBERD. 


I  \!W 


running  alumf.  all  day  t«»  supply 

I ' 

nixie  A  curtwf.  thi*  .)■;  uijwlr  a  hoV  : 

1  .  .  ■ 

A    .Vurlrry   f  i'*  i .,  /.'tjrnw. 

Mother   Hubbenl,    the    n 
narrator  of  a  t  :i l . •  called    1%    Fox  ami 
the  Ape,   related  to  tl  ■• 

thi     « •  iry    hours    i  : 
Bereral  persona  t •  ■  l < i  him  tales,  hut 

Araoaort  the  r.  t  t  .  in  wm* 


i  nil. 


C II  write  II  u  thi'  Uie  wiu  ditl  a*/. 

Mother  Hubberd's  Tale.  A  fox 
ninl  tin  spe determined  to  travel  about  the 
world  ■  rt  de  Finch 

Apedn  roken-down  soldier,  unci 

I  -.  rvimt.     A  tanner  agreed  t" 

them  for  his  shepherds;  bat  they 
devoured  .'ill  his  lambs  and  then  decani p<  >i. 
They  in  \ t  "went  in  for  holy  orders." 
Reynard  contrived  t"  get  a  Living  given 
him,  unci  appointed  tin-  ape  as  his  <-hrk  ; 
hut  they  soon  made  the  parish  too  hot  to 
hold  them,  and  again  sheered  off.  They 
next  tried  their  fortune  at   court  ;   tin: 

I  himself  up  as  a  foreigner  of  dis- 
tinction, with  Fox  f"r  his  groonii  They 
played  the  part  of  rakes,  hut  being  found 
t.i  be  desperate  rogues,  had  t"  Bee  with 
nil  despatch,  ami  seek  another  Beld  of 
action.  As  they  journeyed  on,  they  saw 
a  lion  sleeping,  ami  Master  Fox  persuaded 
his  companion  t"  steal  the  crown,  sceptre, 
mid  royal  robes.     The  ape,   arrayed   in 

assumed  to  be  king,  and  Fox  was 

his  prime  minister;  but  so  ill  did  they 

govern  that  Jupiter  interfered,  the   lion 

tored,  and  the  ape  was  docked  of 

his  tail  and  had  I  pt. 

•  hli-li,  All  a|»-»  bill  hall  tlielr  r.in  lull 
Ami  "I  Utah  I 

Mothor  Shipton.  1 .  1 
of  South  w  i  ■   .  •  |     .  .  «  hose  pre- 

dictions (generally  in   rii_\  n  ■ 
one  time  in  evei  mouth  in  South 

•  ialW  m  i  llamoi  •  m  hire. 

*,*  Shi'  predicted  the  d<  ithof  V 
lord  I'ercj ,  and  others.     Her  pro| 
sri'  still  extant,  and  contain  the  anm 
men!  thai  "the  end  of  the  world  shall 
come  in  eight)  en  hundred  and  eighty-one." 

Mother  ofthi    Peopli  ,  Mar- 

^,'u  irite  of  1  rana  . 
daughter  of  1  .1). 


roo  Joys     t  .      'The 
three  h 

g  by  the  eca  ' 

the  lurth  ..f  her  rlnld,  an- 1 

U  Hut  il.l  IIK1H  l.'.c:  .  • 

*.e  rout  wlUfcout 


— Mirri.L»M.  fuirru  lallcrni  (:uui  KuUcUjc.  . 

Mould      '•■'■  .  .  <■■■>'■■  rt  l*<  r.      i. 
had  a  Queer  attempt  at  n  ,  sadly 

at  variance  with  a  smirk  ol 
which  might  be  i 
Though  his  cailii 
it    did  I   in  the 

■  if  his  family   he  was  thi  : 

cheerv  i>f  nun,  and  tn  him  th< 
of  coffin-making  *  and  exhila- 

rating as  ihe  tapping  of 
c.  Dj 

Mouldy  limbed 

Ralph  was  pricked  fur  a  recruit  t 

John   !  i 

Bardolph  fortj  ■  d   hi* 

friend."     .Sir  Johl 

Mouldy  home,  and  wh<  Shallow 

remonstrated,  that   Raloh 

the   likeliest   man   ol    I 
••  Will  you  tell 
Ion ,  how  tn  chooa  for  the 

limb,  tin-  tin  -riii  hi|^ 

assemblance  of    a   man  .     t  ii\  a 
spirit,  '■ 
Henry  1\ .  act  Li 

Moullahs,     Mohammedan    la 
frmn  which  ar 

Mountain  (  ■  so  in 

Revolution  I  which 

?at  on  the  '  in  tho 
Hall  nf  Assembly.      1  he  •  ■ 

in  the  centre  •  •:  I  I, 

and   were  ni<  tho 
"  mountain 
dominant  part ;  it  utt.                   •  w  tho 

"  plain 

turn  overthrow  n  at  the  I 

:  oidor  u.  or  July  '.'7,  ; . 

. 

main. 

The  sheik  Al  Ji  >  lie 

■ 
i  doctor  tuual  be 
luinencaa. 


MOUNTAIN  BRUTUS. 


668 


MOWIS. 


Mountain  Brutus  {The),  William 
Ten  (1282-1350). 

Mountain-Monarch  of  Europe, 
mont  Blanc. 

Mountain  of  Flowers,  the  site  of 
the  palace  of  Violenta,  the  mother  fairy 
who  brought  up  the  young  princess  after- 
wards metamorphosed  into  "  The  White 
Cat." — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
("The  White  Cat,"  1682). 

Mountain  of  Miseries.  Jupiter 
gave  permission  for  all  men  to  bring  their 
grievances  to  a  certain  plain,  and  to  ex- 
change them  with  any  others  that  had  been 
cast  off.  Fancy  helped  them ;  but  though 
the  heap  was  so  enormous,  not  one  single 
vice  was  to  be  found  amongst  the  rubbish. 
Old  women  threw  away  their  wrinkles, 
and  young  ones  their  mole-spots  ;  some 
cast  on  the  heap  poverty  ;  many  their  red 
noses  and  bad  teeth ;  but  no  one  his 
crimes.  Now  came  the  choice.  A  galley- 
slave  picked  up  gout,  poverty  picked  up 
sickness,  care  picked  up  pain,  snub  noses 
picked  up  long  ones,  and  so  on.  Soon 
all  were  bewailing  the  change  they  had 
made  ;  and  Jupiter  sent  Patience  to  tell 
them  they  might,  if  they  liked,  resume  their 
own  grievances  again.  Every  one  gladly 
accepted  the  permission,  and  Patience 
helped  them  to  take  up  their  own  bundle, 
and  bear  it  without  murmuring. — Addi- 
son, The  Spectator  (1711,  1712,  1714). 

Mountains  {Prince  of  German), 
Schneekoppe  (5235  feet),  in  Eastern 
Prussia. 

Mourning.  1nCo\ma.risHeir-at-Law 
(1797),  every  character  is  in  mourning  : 
the  Dowlases  as  relatives  of  the  deceased 
lord  Duberly  ;  Henry  Morland  as  heir 
of  lord  Duberly  ;  Steadfast  as  the  chief 
friend  of  the  family ;  Dr.  Pangloss  as 
a  clergyman  ;  Caroline  Dormer  for  her 
father  recently  buried ;  Zekiel  and  Cicely 
Homespun  for  the  same  reason  ;  Kenrick 
for  his  deceased  master. — James  Smith, 
Memoirs  (1840). 

Mourning  Bride  {The),  a  drama 
by  W.  Congreve  (1697).  "The  mourn- 
ing bride"  is  Alme'ria  daughter  of  Manuel 
king  of  Grana'da,  and  her  husband  was 
Alphonso  prince  of  Valentia.  On  the  day 
of  their  espousals  they  were  shipwrecked, 
and  each  thought  the  other  had  perished  ; 
but  they  met  together  in  the  court  of 
Granada,  where  Alphonso  was  taken  cap- 
tive under  the  assumed  name  of  Osmyn. 
Osmvn,     having    effected     his     escape, 


marched  to  Granada  at  the  head  of  an 
army,  found  the  king  dead,  and  "the 
mourning  bride  "  became  his  joyful  wife. 

Mouse-Tower  {The),  on  the  Rhine. 
It  was  here  that  bishop  Hatto  was  de- 
voured by  mice.     (See  Hatto,  p.  429.) 

***  3fanth  is  a  toll  or  custom  house, 
and  the  mauth  or  toll-house  for  collecting 
duty  on  corn  being  very  unpopular,  gave 
rise  to  the  tradition. 

Moussa,  Moses. 

Mowbray  {Mr.  John),  lord  of  the 
manor  of  St.  Roman's. 

Clara  Mowbray,  sister  of  John  Mow- 
bray.      She    was     betrothed    to    Frank 
Tyrrel,  but  married  Valentine  Bulmer. — 
Sir   W.    Scott,   St.  fionan's    Well  (time,   . 
George  III.). 

Moxcbray  {Sir  Miles),  a  dogmatical, 
self-opinionated  old  man,  who  fancied  he 
could  read  character,  and  had  a  natural 
instinct  for  doing  the  right  thing  ;  but  he 
would  have  been  much  wiser  if  he  had 
paid  more  heed  to  the  proverb,  "  Mind 
your  own  business  and  not  another's." 

Frederick  Mowbray,  his  eldest  son,  a 
young  man  of  fine  principle,  and  greatly 
liked.  His  "  first  love"  was  Clara  Mid- 
dleton,  who,  being  poor,  married  the  rich 
lord  Ruby.  Ilis  lordship  soon  died,  leav- 
ing all  his  substance  to  his  widow,  who 
bestowed  it  with  herself  on  Frederick 
Mowbray,  her  first  and  only  love. 

David  Mowbray,  younger  brother  of 
Frederick.  He  was  in  the  navy,  and 
was  a  fine  open-hearted,  frank,  and  honest 
British  tar. 

Lydia  Mowbray,  sister  of  Frederick  and 
David,  and  the  wife  of  Mr.  Wrangle.— 
R.  Cumberland,  First  Love  (1796). 

Mow'cher  {Miss),  a  benevolent  little 
dwarf,  patronized  by  Steerforth.  She  is 
full  of  humour  and  comic  vulgarity. 
Her  chief  occupation  is  that  of  hair- 
dressing. — C.  Dickens,  David  Copperjield 
(1849). 

Mowis,  the  bridegroom  of  snow,  who 
wooed  and  won  a  beautiful  bride,  but  at 
dawn  melted  in  the  sun.  The  bride 
hunted  for  him  night  and  day,  but  never 
saw  him  more. — American-Indian  Leycnd. 

Mowis,  the  bridegroom  of  snow,  who  won  and  winded  a 
maiden. 

But  when  the  morning  came,  arose  and  passed  from  B>« 
wigwam, 

Fading  and  melting  away,  and  dissolving  into  the  sun- 
shine. 

Till  she  beheld  him  no  more,  thn'  she  followed  fai  into 
the  forest. 

Longfellow   Evangeline,  U.  4  (1849L 


ICOZAIPK. 


MUDJEKEKWI8. 


Moz.u-1'  ••  Horn  who  be- 

at he  Brat 
landed  i'ii  the  Indian  continent. 

Ttir  M  -.r  ■(!■ 

To  ti.-uikv  .  ejus  revcalfl  r.»  IUUV. 

1K10. 

Moz'irt        /    ■      J.'nilish),    sir     Henry 

BUhop(17S 

Ration),    Cherubini    of 
Florae  •  L842). 

Much,  tin-  miller's  ion,  the  bailiff  or 
ueeat< r"  nf  Robin  ll>rvd.    (See  Midob.) 

i   -t.-l.-  Ill   I'-TII)*!  l|l\ 

Ami  l.'m-.l  hjrm  t.i  a  lrw> ; 
An  I  l.j  Imii  »i-li-  l.it-i:  Johan, 

A  k'"">l  X'imili  »it.  lir  j 
All'i  »1  .lirl.vk. 

Ami  Mm  li  t!i 
KlUull,    Hub.  ,  i.    I.   ]    (15UI). 

JftiCA,    Me    milter'*  SOW,    iii   the   ni"rris- 

II  h  f.-.it  was  i"   b  in  -.   \m:!i  an 

Inflated   bladder,    tin'  beads    of    gaping 

spectator*.    He  represented  the  fool  it 

jnMer. 

Much    Ado  about   Nothing,  n 
comedy  by  Shake  0).     Hero, 

the  daughter  of  Leonato,  is  engaged  t<>  be 
married  to  Claodio  >■!  axagon ;  bntdon 
John,  >na.  of  hatred  to  his  brother  U 
determines  to  mar  the  happiness  of  the 
ordingly,  lie  bribes  tin-  wait- 
ing-maid of  Hero  to  dress  in  lor  mistress's 
clothes,  and  to  talk  with  him  bj 
Light  from  the  chamber  balcony.  The 
villain  tells  Chradio  that  Hero  has  made 
.mii  with  him,  Mini  invites  him 
to  witness  it.  Clandio  is  fully  persuaded 
Unit  the  woman  he  sees  1-   Hero,  and 

when  next   (lav    she   presents    herself    at 
the  altar,  he  rejeet  s  her  w  it  !i  BCOTn.      The 

priest  feels  nssiireil  there  is  some  mistake, 
so  he  takes  Hero  apart,  and  givi  >  out  thai 
dead.  Then  iimi  John  tike-,  t.. 
flight,  the  waiting-woman 
Claudio  repents,  ami  by  way  "t  amend- 
uieni    fas    li'  i"    .  ■    ■!•  1 1     pron 

marry   her   COUSU1,    hut   this  OOaain   turim 

out  to  he  Hero  hi  i 

• 

his  Orllli  t  <  i '■:•■■ 

\      ii.T  occurs  in  the  /  "  - .  '.' 

S|M'n-er,  hk.  i..    I.  ..-.  .1.'.      I 

George  1 
■ore  like  Shake  | 
and  Bandello  have  also  iimi 
;/,  '.,  .win.). 

Muoklebaokel  tl Id 

ti*       :  man  at    Mi; 

<>l  I  '.    mother  of 

Si      ...  ami  form*  nv  servant  t"  lady 

Ian. 


.%  ife  ..f  Sau 

Sannd 

child.— Sir    W.    3 
(time,  II.). 

Mucklethrift 
txinl  brazier  of  Kipplel 
—Sir  W.  Scott,   '"<;,    .'■     .  . 
•  II.). 

Muckh:  wrat ':, 
preacher.     Sir  \\ .    - 
(timi .  II.). 

■•vnith    (John),   smith    nt    I 
vreckan  wi 

Dam  '  John.     A 

terrible  ring  .     Sir  W.  S    tt,   R  • 
(time,  George  II.). 

Muckworm    (flkr  il>e 

miserly  old  uncle  and 
bella.      He  irants  her  t"   marry 
Sapakull,  n.  rs  ire  tike  :  i 

inng  ban  I 

Muckworm  is  outwitt 

The  B 

Mudtl'MM.  :       I   G 

Sales  tie  Lara,  a  ho  d  i  uncle 

Rodri'gO    while    limit i i 

death  of  his  seren   half-brothers.      fhe 

tale   is,  that  Rodrigo  Velas  |ui  i    . 

took  place  in  which  ■   I  slain; 

the  am  ■ 

mended  vengeance,  whereupi 

boys  were    allured    into   a    ravine    and 

cruelly  murdered.    Mudarra  • 

of   the  same  fat'  i 

of  Lata,"  but  ii"t  of  the  same 

—  fiosaest 

Mudille.  iptAin 

■  anil  lieutenant  l  (  aptain 

Mar: 

Mud. 11-  \\  .     .  .in 

XJI.%    ai  ■      drama    by 

J.  K.  Plan 

BCudJeki  i  father  of  Hia- 

wimls.     He  gave  all  I 

■ 

eelf  rn  dominion 

«  inds  n 
be  slea 

-  ■ 

ll«uc*»rtl.  U  ikaU  U  :l.t  ». 


MUG. 


670 


MULMUTIUS. 


And  hereafter,  e'en  for  ever. 
Shall  he  huld  supreme  dominion. 
Over  all  the  winds  of  heaven." 

Longfellow,  Uiawatha,  11.  (1855). 

Mug  (Matthew),  a  caricature  of  the 
duke  of  Newcastle. — S.  Foote,  The  Mayor 
of  Garratt  (17G3). 

Mugello,  the  giant  slain  hy  Averardo 
de  Medici,  a  commander  under  Charle- 
magne. This  giant  wielded  a  mace  from 
which  hung  three  balls,  which  the  Medici 
adopted  as  their  device. 
'  ***  They  have  been  adopted  by  pawn- 
brokers as  a  symbol  of  their  trade. 

Muggins  (Dr.),  a  sapient  physician, 
who  had  the  art  "to  suit  his  physic  to 
his  patients'  taste  ; "  so  when  king  Artax- 
aminous  felt  a  little  seedy  after  a  night's 
debauch,  the  doctor  prescribed  to  his 
majesty  "  to  take  a  morning  whet." — W. 
B.  Rhodes,  Bombastcs  Furioso  (1790). 

Muhldenau,  the  minister  of  Marien- 
dorpt,  and  father  of  Meeta  and  Adolpha. 
When  Adolpha  was  an  infant,  she  was 
lost  in  the  siege  of  Magdeburg ;  and 
Muhldenau,  having  reason  to  suppose  that 
the  child  was  not  killed,  went  to  Prague 
in  search  of  her.  Here  Muhldenau  was 
Beized  as  a  spy,  and  condemned  to  death. 
Meeta,  hearing  of  his  capture,  walked  to 
Prague  to  beg  him  off,  and  was  introduced 
to  the  governor's  supposed  daughter,  who, 
in  reality,  was  Meeta' s  sister  Adolpha. 
Rupert  Roselheim,  who  was  betrothed  to 
Meeta,  stormed  the  prison  and  released 
Muhldenau. — S.  Knowles,  The  Maid  of 
Maricndorpt  (1838). 

Mulatto,  a  half-caste.  Strictly  speak- 
ing, Zamho  is  the  issue  of  an  Indian  and 
a  Negress  ;  Mulatto,  of  a  Whiteman  and  a 
Negress  ;  Terzeron,  of  a  Whiteman  and  a 
Mulatto  woman  ;  Quadroon,  of  a  Terzeron 
and  a  White. 

Mul'ciber,  Vulcan,  who  was  black- 
smith, architect,  and  god  of  fire. 

In  Ausonian  land 
Men  called  him  Mulciber ;  and  how  he  fell 
From  heaven,  they  fabled,  thrown  by  angry  Jove 
Sheer  o'er  the  crystal  battlements  ;  from  morn 
To  noon  he  fell,  from  noon  to  dewy  eve, 
A  summer's  day ;  and  with  the  setting  sun 
Kropt  from  the  zenith  like  a  falling  star, 
On  Lemnos,  the  -Egean  ile. 

Milton,  J'aradise  Lost,  739,  etc.  (1605). 

Muley  Bugentuf,  king  of  Morocco, 
a  blood-and-thunder  hero.  He  is  the 
chief  character  of  a  tragedy  of  the  same 
name,  by  Thomas  de  la  Fuenta. 

In  the  first  act,  the  king  of  Morocco,  hy  way  of  re- 
creation, shot  a  hundred  Moorish  slaves  with  arrows  ;  in 
the  second,  he  beheaded  thirty  Portuguese  officers, 
prisoners  of  war;  and  in  the  third  and  hist  act,  Muley, 
mad  with  his  wives,  set  fire  with  his  own  hand  to'a 
•studied  palace,  in  which  they  were  shut  up,  and  reduced 


them  all  to  ashes.  .  .  .  This  conflagration,  accompanied 
with  a  thousand  shrieks,  closed  the  piece  in  a  very  divert- 
ing manner. — Lesage,  Gil  lilat,  ii.  9  (1715). 

Mull  Sack.  John  Cottington,  in  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth,  was  so  called, 
from  his  favourite  beverage.  John 
Cottington  emptied  the  pockets  of  Oliver 
Cromwell  when  lord  protector  ;  stripped 
Charles  II.  of  £1500  ;  and  stole  a  watch 
and  chain  from  lady  Fairfax. 

***  Mull  sack  is  spiced  sherry  negus. 

Mulla's  Bard,  Spenser,  author  of 
the  Faery  Queen.  The  Mulla,  a  tributary 
of  the  Blackwater,  in  Ireland,  flowed  close 
by  the  spot  where  the  poet's  house  stood. 
He  was  born  and  died  in  London  (lftoS- 
1599). 

...  it  Irks  me  while  I  write. 
As  erst  the  bard  of  Mulla's  silver  stream, 
Oft  as  he  told  of  deadly  dolorous  plight 
Sighed  as  he  sung,  and  did  in  tears  indite. 

Shenstone,  The  tichoolmittnss  (1758). 

Mulla.  Thomas  Campbell,  in  his  poem 
on  the  Spanish  Parrot,  calls  the  island  of 
Mull  "  Mulla's  Shore." 

Mullet  (Professor),  the  "  most  re- 
markable man  "  of  North  America.  lie 
denounced  his  own  father  for  voting  on 
the  wrong  side  at  an  election  for  presi- 
dent, and  wrote  thunderbolts,  in  the  form 
of  pamphlets,  under  the  signature  of 
"  Suturb "  or  Brutus  reversed. —  C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Mul'mutine  Laws,  the  code  of 
Dunvallo  Muluuitius,  sixteenth  king  of  the 
Britons  (about  B.C.  400).  This  code  wag 
translated  by  Gildas  from  British  into 
Latin,  and  by  Alfred  into  English.  The 
Mulmutine  laws  obtained  in  this  country 
till  the  Conquest. — Holinshed,  History  of 
England,  etc.,  iii.  1  (1577). 

Mulmutius  made  our  laws, 
Who  was  the  first  of  Britain  which  did  put 
His  brows  within  a  golden  crown,  and  cail'd 
Himself  a  king. 

Shakespeare,  Cymbeline,  act  iii.  sc  1  (1605) 

Mulmutius  (Dunwallo),  son  of 
Cloten  king  of  Cornwall.  "  He  excelled 
all  the  kings  of  Britain  in  valour  and 
gracefulness  of  person."  In  a  battle 
fought  against  the  allied  Welsh  and 
Scotch  armies,  Mulmutius  tried  the  very 
scheme  which  Virgil  (JEncid,  ii.)  says 
was  attempted  by  /Eneas  and  his  com- 
panions— that  is,  they  dressed  in  the 
clothes  and  bore  the  arms  of  the  enemy 
slain,  and  thus  disguised  committed  very 
great  slaughter.  Mulmutius,  in  his  dis- 
guise, killed  both  the  Cambrian  and 
Albanian  kings,  and  put  the  allied  army 
to  thorough  rout. — Geolfrey,  British  His- 
tory, ii.  17. 


MULTON.        671 

U  .,  tlili  l»ml  In  nidi  e»Uto  nia 

Ail.' 

. 

Mui'  Island. 

I  r,    ami 

master    of    the  horse    to    Win^'   Richard 

I. — sir   \v.  >.  ott,    J  .  •  (time, 

liu'ii.ml  L). 
Mumblazon   (Master  Michael),   the 

0  (1    herald,   ■  dependent    of    air    an  ;h 

1  .  :  time, 

Elixabeth). 

Mumbo  Jumbo,  an  African 
bideona   and   malignant,    the    terror    of 

(roincii  and  children. 

Mumps      1 1  r     "f      the 

"Mumps  Ha' ale-nous',"  on  the  road  to 
Charlieri  Hone  farm.  -Sir  Vf.  Scott,  '»'"v 

At'imurini  (tin-  I.). 

Munchausen  ( 7V  kron),  a  hero 
of  moel  marvelloni  adventure*.     Rudolf 
Erich  Raspe  (a  <  ierman,  but  Bton 
of  the  Dolcoath  mines,  in  Cornwall,  1792). 

*,*  The  name  is  aaid  to  refer  ti> 
Hieronymus  Karl  Friedrich  von  MUnch- 
heusen,  a  German  officer  in  the  Russian 
armv,  noted  f"r  bis  marvellous  stories 
(1720-1797).     It  ia  also auppoaed  to  be  an 

implied   satir i  the    t  r:i%  .1  l.r-'    talis    of 

baron  de  Tott  in  his   Memoirei  star  let 

>    Tartares  (1784),  and  those  of 

Jamea  Bruce  "  [he   African  Traveller" 

in  his  . 

a  (  The  baron).    The  French 
baron  Munchausen  ia  represented 

.  -,  the  hem  of  a  French  operetta. 

Mu'neru,  daughter  of  Pollentl  the 
Saracen,  t"  wbon 

;  i  lav  his  banda  on.     Munera  was 

beautiful  and  rich  exceedingly  ;  bul  Talus 
1ih\  ing  chopped  off  her  golden  hand*  and 
lilver   feet,  tossed  her  into  the  moat.    - 

Miingo,  a  black  slave  of  don  1 1 

i 

... 

lore. 

MawUitodcL  ■       V»l 

,1    I..   ..         .  •     .  .« 

Mtir.tt 
padewitch    •■■■ 

Maidstone   1 1  <1   ird).  the 
id  ol   Mi  .  Copperneld.     Hi 

raeter  was  "firmness,"  thai  is,  an  un- 
bending  self-will,  which  randi  red  the 
yiuiri;  life  ol  I >svid  intolerably  wretched. 

J. in.  ■  ad.    as 

kkrd  sad  heai  >      Jan* 


Ml  BCABOL. 

Murdsl 

Bpenlow,andtold  Mr.  Spenloii 

At  tli- 

turned  ti>  liv<  b  I 

. 

Murray  or  Moray 

of),  .lames    Muarr. 

a  natural  smi  of  James  V.  of   S  r 

i  ..f  John  li  • 
lie  joii  rm  party  it  I 

in   1661   t<>  inviti 
oueen  ■ 

her  kingdom.     Hi  iccomj  Lice  ia 

the  murder  id   Bisxio,  and   dun 

■ 
According  to  an  ai 
e.ny  earl  "  waa  the  qneen'a  love, 
i.-.  queen  Anne  of  Denmark,  daughter  of 
Frederick  1 1.,  and  w ife  ol  Jan 
land.     It  i^  said  that  James, 
of  the  bandeoine  earl,  . 
Of  1 1  mil  1  v  tn  murder  I. 
Introduced    by   sir   W.  8 

• 

bet  hi. 

Murray   (John),  of   Bronghton, 
tary  to  I  fbung  Pn  - 

tender,     lie   turned    king's    evideno 

■iiineiit    all    the   eireum- 

which  gave  rise  t"  the  rebellion, 
and  the  persona  moat  active  in  its  ■ 
cation. 

Iferil 

■   il.  XT4. 

Musncus,  suthof 

.if  the  elegant   tale  id    I 
Virgil  places  him  in  the  Elysian  Balds, 
attended  by  a  \  ast  multitu  . 

■  r  by  a  hi  f 

of  thi 

;  lrlt» 
iim  - .. 

MiiHi-ndins  of  Paris,  i 
sites,  w  ho  aped  the  Lond  -  in  the 

lir-t   1  r.  n.l.!.  BSS  »U 

ti.|.-|i. nits  with  ihii 
. 
collar,  and    . 

I  Sii  Hull-like 

a  dis- 

| 

M  (,  ■  and    father 

.     II.  r. 


MUSE. 


672 


MUSIDORA. 


Muse  (The  Tenth),  Marie  Lejars  de 
Gournay,  a  French  writer  (15(56-1045). 

Antoinette  Deshoulieres  ;  also  called 
"  The  French  Calliope."  Her  best  work 
is  an  allegory  called  Les  Moutons  (1633- 
1604). 

Mdlle  Scuden  was  preposterously  so 
called  (1607-1701). 

Also  Delphine  Gay,  afterwards  Mde. 
Emile  de  Girardin.  Her  nom  de  plume 
was  "  viconte  de  Launay."  Be'ranger 
Bang  of  "  the  beauty  of  her  shoulders," 
»nd  Chateaubriand  of  "the  charms  of 
her  smile"  (1804-1855). 

Muse-Mother,  Mnemos'yne,  god- 
dess of  memory  and  mother  of  the  Muses. 

Memory, 
That  sweet  Muse-mother. 
E.  B.  Browning,  Promethem  Bound  (1S50). 

Muses  (Symbols  of  the). 

Cal'liopk  [Kal'.ly.fi.py],  the  epic 
Muse:  a  tablet  and  stylus,  sometimes  a 
scroll. 

Clio,  Muse  of  history :  a  scroll,  or 
open  chest  of  books. 

Ek'ato,  Muse  of  love  ditties  :  a  lyre. 

EuTER'pfi,  Muse  of  lvric  poetry :  a 
flute. 

Melpom'en©,  Muse  of  tragedy :  a 
tragic  mask,  the  club  of  Hercules,  or  a 
sword.  She  wears  the  cothurnus,  and 
her  head  is  wreathed  with  vine  leaves. 

Pol'yhym'nia,  Muse  of  sacred  poetry  : 
sits  pensive,  but  has  no  attribute,  because 
deity  is  not  to  be  represented  by  any 
visible  symbol. 

Terpsic'hokE  [Terp.sick'.o.ry],  Muse 
of  choral  song  and  dance :  a  lyre  and  the 
plectrum. 

Thali'a,  Muse  of  comedy  and  idyllic 
poetry  :  a  comic  mask,  a  shepherd's  staff, 
or  a  wreath  of  ivy. 

Uran'ia,  Muse  of  astronomy  :  carries 
a  staff  pointing  to  a  globe. 

Museum  (A  Walking),  Longinus, 
author  of  a  work  on  The  Sublime  (213- 
273). 

Musgrave  (Sir  Richard),  the  English 
champion  who  fought  with  sir  William 
Deloraine  the  Scotch  champion,  to  de- 
cide by  combat  whether  young  Scott,  the 
heir  of  Branksome  Hall,  should  become 
the  page  of  kinsr  Edward  or  be  delivered 
Op  to  his  mother.  In  the  combat,  sir 
Richard  was  slain,  and  the  boy  was 
delivered  over  to  his  mother.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel  (1805). 

Musgrave  (Sir  Miles),  an  officer  in  the 
king's  service  under  the  earl   of  Mont- 


rose.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose 
(time,  Charles  I.). 

Music.  Amphion  is  said  to  have 
built  the  walls  of  Thebes  by  the  music 
of  his  lyre.  Ilium  and  the  capital  of 
Arthur's  kingdom  were  also  built  to 
divine  music.  The  city  of  Jericho  was 
destroyed  by  music  (Joshua  vi.  20). 

The)  were  building  still,  seeing  the  city  was  built 
To  music. 

Tennyson. 

Music  and  Men  of  Genius.  Hume,  Dr. 
Johnson,  sir  W.  Scott,  Robert  Peel,  and 
lord  Byron  had  no  ear  for  music,  and 
neither  vocal  nor  instrumental  music 
gave  them  the  slightest  pleasure.  To  the 
poet  Rogers  it  gave  actual  discomfort. 
Even  the  harmonious  Pope  preferred  the 
harsh  dissonance  of  a  street  organ  to 
Handel's  oratorios. 

Music  (Father  of),  Giovanni  Battista 
Pietro  Aloisio  da  Palestri'na  (1529-1594). 

Music  (Father  of  Greek),  Terpander  (fl. 
B.C.  676). 

Music  and  Madness.  Persona 
bitten  by  the  tarantula  are  said  to  be 
cured  by  music. — See  Burton,  Anatomy 
of  Melancholy,  ii.  2  (1624). 

Music's  First  Martyr.  Menaphon 
says  that  when  he  was  in  Thessaly  he  saw 
a  youth  challenge  the  birds  in  music  ; 
and  a  nightingale  took  up  the  challenge. 
For  a  time  the  contest  was  uncertain ; 
but  then  the  youth,"  in  a  rapture,"  played 
so  cunningly,  that  the  bird,  despairing, 
"  down  dropped  upon  his  lute,  and  brake 
her  heart." 

*+*  This  beautiful  tale  by  Strada  (in 
Latin)  has  been  translated  in  rhyme 
by  R.  Crashaw.  Versions  have  been 
given  by  Ambrose  Philips,  and  others ; 
but  none  can  compare  with  the  exquisite 
relation  of  John  Ford,  in  his  drama 
entitled  The  Lover's  Melancholy  (162*5). 

Music  hath  Charms  to  soothe 
the  stubborn  breast. — Congreve,  Hie 
Mourning  Bride,  i.  1  (1697). 

If  Music  be  the  Food  of  Love,  play  on  , 
Give  me  excess  of  it. 
Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night,  act  I,  sc.  1  (1614). 

Musical  Small-Coal  Man,  Thos. 
Britton,  who  used  to  sell  small  coals, 
and  keep  a  musical  club  (1654-1714). 

Musicians  (Prince  of),  Giovanni 
Battista  Pietro  Aloisio  da  Palestri'na 
(1529-1594). 

Musidora,  the  dame  du  cveur  of 
Damon.  Damon  thought  ber  coyness 
was  scorn  ;    but  ouc   day  he  caught  hei 


Mr>iiHii:i  s. 


MY  LITTLE  ALL. 


bathing,  and  ln>  delieacj  on  the  • 
■o  enchanted   her  tli.it  the  at  do 

his     proffered     love.— Thomson, 
1727). 

Musido'rus,  a  hoi  sxploits 

ar>  told  by  til  Philip  Sidney,  in  liis 
Arcadia  (1681). 

Muskotoor,  a  soldier  armed  with  a 

■.  Inii  specially  applied  i"  a  i - 

pany  of  gentlemen  who  wen  ■  mounted 
^-imr-i  i'i  the  service  of  the  kinn'  of 
France  from  1661. 

They  formed  two  eompaaii     I   • 
ftrt'l  th<  i  called  from  the  <-«•)' >»i r 

of  their  \vwt.     Both  were  clad  in  tcarli  t, 
ami  hence  t lu-ir  quarters  were  called  the 
I  I  lowed 

thr  kin.;  in  the  chaec  to  |>r"t«vt  him  ;  in 
war  they  fought  either  on  f""t  "r 
bach.     They  were  suppressed  in   1 7 ; •  l  ; 
r  1   in    181  I.    but    only   f'>r    a   few 

months;  end  after  the  restoration  <>f 
Lonii  Will.,  we  hear  no  more  of  them. 
Many  Bcotch  gentlemen  enrolled  them- 
selves among  these  dandy  soldiet 

bo    war  «itli    curled    liair,  white 
gloves,  and  perfumed  li Li-  milliners. 

•*•  A.  Dumaa  has  ■  novel  called  /' 
1 |,  the  first  of  a 
sent  - ;  the  second  >>  '/'•<■  nty  ) 

:  ami  the  third,  Vioonte  dt  Brage- 

falSK. 

Muslin,  the  talkative,  impertinent, 
intriguing  sutranre  of  Mr-.  Lovemore. 
Mistress  Muslin  It  rweet  upon  William 
til-  footman;  and  loves  earns.  A.  Mur- 
phy, J  Ban  (1760). 

Mussel,  a  fountain  mar  the  waterless 
sea,  a  hich  purges  from  tn 
Bo  called  because  it  is  contained  in  a 
hollow  stone  like  a  mussel-shell.  It  is 
mentioned  by  PreeterJohn,  in  lii-t  letter 
■  nil  ( lomnl  nus  em  per  r  of  '  on- 
stantinople.     l  b<  h  enter  the 

ui'l,  if  they  ar.'  true  nun, 
till  it  eoren  their  heads  thi 

Mus't  il'.i.  a  poor  tailor  "f  China, 
father  in,    killed     by    illness 

Aladdin  and 
the  w  onderful  Lamp  ";. 

Mutton,     a    oourtexan,     n  i 

callril     a     "  i  IC<  A      mutl  ^ I n 1 1 . »ti 

I  in    Clerkenwell,    was    n<<   called 

i  sobarra  <>r  quai 

harlots,     Th«  .  led    a 

'•  Mutton  "  ev<  n  in  tbi  r.  i  n  of  Henry 
111.,  i"r  Bracton  n   i 

n 


wu  a 

common  street  jeer  n 

when  • 

thus:    l 

with  « 

but  they  wholly  failed  • 

ami  the  lau^li  tun 

Mutton  -  Eating     Kin^r 
Charles    11. 

And  ncTcr  did  a  »i  ■ 

I  Bortxatrr. 

Mutual  Friend 
Charli 

friend  "  is  Mr.  B  >fl  n  " l 
man,"   who  mutual   fr  ■  ' 

:  larmon  and  of  B 

i"!;n  Harmon  was  su|  I 

.  by  Julius  : 
ford  ;    bat 
murdered  >■ 

mistake  arose  fr^n  ■  resemblano 
■ 

will,  John   Harmon  was  to  n.:irr;. 
Wilfer;  but  .'otm  Harmon  knee  not  tlie 
i   destined   by   b 

op  his  mind  to  dislike 
her.      After    his    supposed    murdi 
assumed  tin 

and  became  iry  "f  Mr. 

"  the  golden  dustman, 
of  "lil  John  Harmon,  by  which  lie 

isor    •>(    £100,000.       H 
Kokesmith,  but  concealed  ln>  know 
for  a  : 

kesmith)  met   Bella  \; 
atnl  fell  in  low  with  her.     Mr.  Boffin,  in 
order  I 

be  angry  a  it h  Rokesmi 
tu  lot  <•  Bella  ;  an 

. 

. 
born,   aiul   then   tl 
j  oung  mothi  r  to  -i  bt  iui  iful 

told    liir   In-  ,t  tho 

their    boat 

■ 

r  " 

fru  nil  "  M  r.  Ilnflin  ;   an! 

U 
.  luxury, 

.  .     Dr.   •'• 

nr'tliv 

1  .... 

All. 

7  x 


MYREBEAU. 


674 


NADGETT. 


Myrebeau  (Le  sieure  de),  one  of  the 
committee  of  the  states  of  Burgundy. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstcin  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Myro,  a  statuary  of  Eleu'therae,  who 
carved  a  cow  so  true  to  nature  that  even 
bulls  mistook  it  for  a  living  animal.  (See 
Horse  Painted.) 

Fin  Myro's  statues,  which  for  art  surpass 
All  others,  once  were  but  a  shapeless  mass. 

Ovid,  A rt  of  Love,  iiL 

Myrob'alan  Comfits  (Greek,  muron 
bilanon,  "myrrh  fruit"),  dried  fruits  of 
various  kinds,  sometimes  used  as  pur- 
gatives. The  citrins  resemble  the  French 
"  prunes  de  Mirabelle  ; "  the  belerins  have 
a  noyau  flavour ;  the  indis  are  acidulated. 
There  are  several  other  varieties. 

She  is  sweeter  to  me  than  the  myrabolan  [tic]  comfit. 
W.  Beckford,  Yathek  (1786). 

Myrra,  an  Ionian  slave,  and  the  be- 
loved concubine  of  Sardanapa'lus  the 
Assyrian  king.  She  roused  him  from  his 
indolence  to  resist  Arba'ces  the  Mede, 
who  aspired  to  his  throne,  and  when  she 
found  his  cause  hopeless,  induced  him  to 
mount  a  funeral  pile,  which  she  fired  with 
her  own  hand,  and  then  springing  into 
the  flames  she  perished  with  the  tyrant. — 
Byron,  Sardannpalus  (1819). 

At  once  brave  and  tender,  enamoured  of  her  lord,  yet 
yearning  to  be  free;  worshipping  at  once  her  distant 
land  and  the  soft  barbarian.  .  .  .  The  heroism  of  this 
fair  Ionian  is  never  above  nature,  yet  always  on  the 
highest  verge.  The  proud  melancholy  that  mingles  with 
her  character,  recalling  her  fatherland  ;  her  warm  and 
generous  love,  without  one  tinge  of  self  ;  her  passionate 
desire  to  elevate  the  nature  of  Sardanapa'lus, — are  the 
result  of  the  purest  sentiment  and  the  noblest  art. — Ed- 
ward Lytton  Bulwer  (lord  Lyttou). 

Mysie,  the  female  attendant  of  lady 
Margaret  Bellenden  of  the  Tower  of  Til- 
lietudlem. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Mysie,  the  old  housekeeper  at  Wolfs 
Crag  Tower.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Mysis,  the  scolding  wife  of  Sile'no, 
and  mother  of  Daph'ne  and  Nysa.  It  is 
to  Mysis  that  Apollo  sings  that  popular 
song,  "  Pray,  Goody,  please  to  moderate 
the  rancour  of  your  tongue  "  (act  i.  3). 
—Kane  O'Hara,  Midas  (1764). 

Mysterious  Husband  {The),  a 
tragedy  by  Cumberland  (1783).  Lord 
Davenant  was  a  bigamist.  His  first  wife 
was  Marianne  Dormer,  whom  he  forsook 
in  three  months  to  marry  Louisa  Travers. 
Marianne,  supposing  her  husband  to  be 
dead,  m.vried  lord  Davenant's  son  ;  and 
Miss  Dormer's  brother  was  the  betrothed  of 
the  uecoik'i  lady  Davenant  before  her  mar- 


riage with  his  lordship,  but  was  told  that 
he  had  proved  faithless  and  had  married 
another.  The  report  of  lord  Davenant'a 
death  and  the  marriage  of  captain  Dormer 
were  both  false.  When  the  villainy  of 
lord  Davenant  could  be  concealed  no 
longer,  he  destroyed  himself. 


N. 

Nab,  the  fairy  that  addressed  Orpheus 
in  the  infernal  regions,  and  offered  hira 
for  food  a  roasted  ant,  a  flea's  thigh, 
butterflies'  brains,  some  sucking  mites,  a 
rainbow  tart,  etc.,  to  be  washed  down  with 
dew-drops  and  beer  made  from  seven 
barleycorns — a  very  heady  liquor. — King, 
Orpheus  and  Eurydke  (1730-1805). 

Nab-man  (The),  a  sheriff's  officer. 

Old  Dornton  has  sent  the  nab-man  after  him  at  last. 
— (Jut/  Manncring,  ii.  3. 

%*  This  is  the  dramatized  version  of 
sir  W.  Scott's  novel,  by  Terry  (1816). 

Nacien,  the  holy  hermit  who  intro- 
duced Galahad  to  the  "  Siege  Perilous," 
the  only  vacant  seat  in  the  Pound  Table. 
This  seat  was  reserved  for  the  knight  who 
was  destined  to  achieve  the  quest  of  the 
holy  graal.  Nacien  told  the  king  and 
his  knights  that  no  one  but  a  virgin 
knight  could  achieve  that  quest. — Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii. 
(1470). 

Nadab,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absa- 
lom and  Achitophel,  is  meant  for  lord 
Howard,  a  profligate,  who  laid  claim  to 
great  piety.  As  Nadab  offered  intense 
with  strange  fire  and  was  slain,  so  lord 
Howard,  it  is  said,  mixed  the  consecrated 
wafer  with  some  roast  apples  and  sugar. 
— Pt.  i.  (1681). 

Na'dalet,  a  peculiar  peal  rung  at 
Christmas-time  by  the  church  bells  of 
Languedoc. 

Christmas  is  come  ...  a  coming  which  Is  announced  on 
all  sides  of  us  .  .  .  by  our  charming  nadulet. — Cur/tViJ 
Altojazine  (Eugenie  de  (juerin,  1863). 

Nadgett,  a  man  employed  by  Mon- 
tague Tigg  (manager  of  the  u  Anglo- 
Bengalee  Company")  to  make  private 
inquiries.  He  was  a  dried-up,  shrivelled 
old  man.  Where  he  lived  and  how  he 
liTed,  nobody  knew  ;  but  he  was  alwav* 


Ill   \l>  CONSKCKA  riON. 


■ 

1   h«  Would    ;'li  l«   along  n|»- 
tly  l*kin^'  ii"   no( 
tens,  Mat  t  ■ 

C  >n,    » 

•  ml    ..n    the 

I 

'•  high-church    clei  that  the 

ceremony  called   >i « •  1  >■   ord<  i 
transmitted    w  it li><nt    interruption    bom 
the  apostles.     Thus,   tho  apoatb  - 
handa  on  certain  persona,  wh 

-   nf  the  gospel  ;   • 
rdained  "  others  in  thi 
manner  ;   and    I  never 

been  broken.     Pennai  : 
formation    the    bishops  .-i  fix. 

'1  bare  was  only  "n<-  bishop,  \  i/.,  Vnthony 
Kitchen  of  Laandaff,  and  Bonner  would 
not  allow  hi ui  t'i  perform  the  ceremony. 
In  this  predicament,  the  fourteen  candi- 

.1  ordination  rum 
up  Story,  n  deposed  bishop,  and  roI  him 
to  "  lay  bands  "  on  Parker,  as  an  h  bishop 

terburr.     As  it  would  bai  i 
profanation   for  Story   to    do  this   in   ■ 
cathedral  "r  church,  the  ceremony  was 

Ierfonned  in  a  tavern  called  tht 
lead,  corner  of  Friday  Street,  Cheapside. 

in  bia 
/  ; 

l>r.   II. ink  ;    bat  it  will  n.  \.  ; 
out. 

NriKffleton  (Mr.  bj 
■  iiiu'  hushand  and  wife.     Tneyare 

ingling   ftt   trifles   ninl    wilful 
misunderstandings. — 1 

Naked  Bear   /  ■  .  H 

>\  reproof  t.> 
unruly  children  in  N < ■  rt ) >  America.     I    e 
n:ik..l    : 
and  more  ferocious  than  an>  i 

.|liit<-    link. 

•uft     nf 

w  bair.     1 1>  -  >  <  welder,    7V<in 

c/  the  A 


throat, 
"  I'll   ate   J  our    nalu  d 

mally  in   I  fretful 

nml    unruly    children.      1    have 
beard  il  I  tmea. 

N  ikir',    N.  h  ii'. 

IfoxKKi  ^s "  Mai 
NhIu,  a    lesjendary   kinaj    of    India, 


■ 
kin£  I.  .     been 

' 
I 

and  W.  Yates  has 
of  thi 

Nami.  r  of  mnn, 

by  the  iph.     II.  r 

but  «u 

!.    hlie    wiv- 
t-.-irtli .  '•  unchanged  in 

insummation  both   Sams 
seraph  will  be 
of  lov< 

N:iiii:iiu'08.    Num.. 

B 
"guarded  mount 

oael,  nt  th< 
.     Mill  m,    ' 

Ntimliy 
living    in   the   auburba    of    London.      IU 
had  w 

or  children,  and   his  aocond  *>!<• 
imby,  tli. .ii 

in  ;i  r. .«',  :ii 

by  bawling  oul  -   fr..m 

the  front  r»f  bia 

urs.      II.  I 

down  the  garden  path,  with  h 

ick  nut,  and 
ishing  bia  militai 

i 
u|>  the  binder  brim  of 
•crate] 

at    the 

ndow,  an  I 

Thru  N 

Nam.. 
»|...ut  t..  rl  it  was 

•« 
tunrk 

n 
ll'-nn 

■ 
"but  I  dvtot  loU  n.r  turn*  la*  K«l*-4Mml  I 

N .  i ' 


NAMES  OF  TERROK. 


676 


NANCY  OF   HIE  VALE. 


amongst  others,  have  been  employed  as 
bogie-names  to  frighten  children  with  : — 

Attila  was  a  bogie-name  to  the  latter 
Romans. 

Bo  or  Bon,  son  of  Odin,  was  a  fierce 
Gothic  captain.  His  name  was  used  by 
his  soldiers  when  they  would  fight  or 
surprise  the  enemy. — Sir  William  Temple. 

%*  WartOD  tells  us  that  the  Dutch 
scared  their  children  with  the  name  of 
Boh. 

Bonaparte,  at  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  and  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth centuries,  was  a  name  of  terror  in 
Europe. 

Corvi'nus  (Mathias),  the  Hungarian, 
was  a  scare-name  to  the  Turks. 

Lilis  or  Lilith  was  a  bogie-name  used 
by  the  ancient  Jews  to  unruly  children. 
The  rabbinical  writers  tell  us  that  Lilith 
was  Adam's  wife  before  the  creation  of 
Eve.  She  refused  to  submit  to  him,  and 
became  a  horrible  night-spectre,  especi- 
ally hostile  to  young  children. 

Luhsfobd,  a  name  employed  to  frighten 
children  in  England.  Sir  Thomas  Luns- 
ford,  governor  of  the  Tower,  was  a  man 
of  most  vindictive  temper,  and  the  dread 
of  every  one. 

Made  children  with  your  tones  to  run  fnrX 
As  bad  :ts  Boody-tMiMi  or  Lmufonl 

S.  BuUer,  Uudiorat,  iil.  2,  line  1112  (1678). 

Narses  (2  sj/l.)  was  the  name  used  by 
Assyrian  mothers  to  scare  their  children 
with. 

The  name  of  Narses  was  the  formidable  sound  with 
which  The  A.^yri:ih  mothers  were  accustomed  lo  terrify 
tlieir  Infanta.— Gibbon,  DacMneond  t'<*u  of  the  rfiiniim 

J-.'mj.ire.  viii.  OS  (1778-88). 

I«'a\vhi:.\i>  and  Bi.ooi>y-ronks  were 
at  one  time  bogie-namea  to  children. 

Servants  awe  children  and  keep  them  in  subjection  by 
taOlng  tliem  of  Rawhcad  and  Moody-bones. — Loi  ke. 

Richard  I.,  "  Coeur  de  Lion."  This 
nam.',  says  Camden  (Ii'cmains),  was  em- 
ployed by  the  Saracens  as  a  "name  of 
dread  and  terror." 

His  tremendous  name  was  employed  by  the  Syrian 
mothers  to  silence  their  infants;  ami  if  a  horse  suddenly 
•tarted    from    the    way,  his  rider  was   wont  to  evclaiiu, 

l>o-t  thou  think  kinc  Richard  is  in  the  hush  J" — Gibbon, 
Ihclin.and  f,.ll  of  the  Soma*  J-:<n/,ire,  xL  HG(1776-88). 

Sebastian  (TWi),  a  name  of  terror 
once  used  by  the  Moon. 

Nor  shall  Sebastian's  formidable  name 
Be  longer  used  to  still  the  cry  inn  babe. 

Dryden,  Don  Sebastian  (1R90). 

Talbot  (John),  a  name  used  in  France 
•n  terrorem  to  unruly  children. 

They  In  France  to  rears  their  young  children  cryc,  "Tlie 
Talbot  coniincih  !  "—Hall,  Ckmnlcfvi  (1645). 

Here  (said  they)  is  the  terror  of  the  French. 
Tile  scanrrow  (hit  aflHghta  OUT  chil.li 

Shakespeare.  1  Hm.ru  Tl.  act  L  §e.  4  (1888). 


Is  tiiis  the  Talhot  so  much  feared  abroad. 
That  with  his  name  the  mothers  still  tlieir  babes? 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  17.  act  ir.  «.  5  (l&dD), 

Tamerlane,  a  name  used  by  the  Per- 
sians in  tctrureui. 

Tarquin,  a  name  of  terror  in  Ron  an 
nurseries. 

The  nurse,  to  still  her  child,  will  tell  my  story. 
And  fright  her  Crying  babe  with  Tarquin  s  name. 

Btakespean,  ftqat  of  Lucrece  (l  j>4). 

(See  also  Naked  Bear.) 

Namo,  duke  of  Bavaria,  and  one  of 
Charlemagne's  twelve  paladins. — Arioeto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Namou'na,  an  enchantress.  Though 
first  of  created  beings,  she  is  still  as 
young  and  beautiful  as  ever. — Ptrtitm 
Mythology. 

Namous,  the  envoy  of  Mahomet  in 
paradise. 

Nancy,  servant  to  Mrs.  Pattypan.  A 
pretty  little  flirt,  who  coqoetfl  vital  Tim 

Tartlet  and  young  Whimscy,  ami  helps 
Charlotte  Whimscy  in  her  "hive  atl'airs." 
— lames  Cobb,  The  First  Floor  (1766- 
1818). 

X'twi/,  a  poor  misguided  girl,  who 
really  hived  the  villain  Bill  Sikes  (1  S///.). 
In  spite  of  her  surroundings,  she  had 
still  some  good  feelings,  and  tried  to 
prevent  a  burglary  planned  by  Fagin  and 
his  associates.  Bill  Sikes,  in  a  lit  of 
passion,  struck  her  twice  upon  the  face 
with  the  butt-end  of  a  pistol,  and  she  fell 
dead  at  his  feet. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver 
Twtst  (1837). 

Nancy,  the  sailor's  fancy.  At  half- 
past  four  he  parted  from  her  ;  at  eight 
next  morn  he  bade  her  adieu.  Next  day 
a  storm  arose,  and  when  it  lulled  tbe 
enemy  appeared  ;  but  when  tbe  right  was 
hottest,  the  jolly  tar  "  put  up  a  prayer 
(or  Nancy." — Dibdin,  Sea  Sotujs  ("  Twas 
post  meridian  half-past  four,"  1790). 

Nancy  (Mi*?),  Mrs.  Anna  Oldfield,  a 
celebrated  actress,  buried  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  She  died  in  1730,  and  lay  in 
state,  attended  by  two  noblemen.  Mrs. 
Oldfield  was  buried  in  a  "very  tine 
Brussels  lace  head-dress,  a  new  pair  of 
kid  gloves,  and  a  robe  with  lace  rutlUs 
and  a  lace  collar."     (See  Narcissa.) 

Nancy  Dawson,  a  famous  actress, 
who  took  London  by  storm.  Her  father- 
was  a  poster  in  Clare  Market  (172S-17G7). 

Her  e  l-v  mien,  her  sba|«  so  neat, 
She  foots,  she  trips,  she  looks  so  sweet; 
I  die  for  Nancy  Dawson. 

Nancy    of    tho    Vale,    a    village 


nan  nip:. 


C77    NAPOLEON  AND  TAI.I.KYRAND. 


maiden,  who  preferred  Btrephon  to  the 
gay  lordlings  who  sought  ner  hand   in 

marriage. — Shenstone,  A  Ballad  (1554) • 

Nannie,  Miss  Fleming,  daughter  of 

a  fanner  in   the    parish   Of  Tarlmlton,  in 
Ayrshire.     Immortalized  by  K.  Hums. 

Nan'tolet,  father  of  Roealura  and 
Lillia-ltianca. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Wild-yum  L'hase  (1G52). 

Napoleon  I.,  called  by  the  Germans 
"  kaiser  Kliis  "  ('/.».). 

"  M "  is.  curiously  coupled  with  the 
history  of  Napoleon  I.  and  III.  (See 
M.,  p.  688.) 

The  following  is  a  curious  play  on  the 
word  Napoleon  : — 

Napoleon    apoleAn  |x>leAn      olefin         lefln  eAn 

f/i/o/fon  .< i-ollyoit  citiet  destroying  a-lion  going-ibout 
on. 
bring.     That  U  : 
Napoleon  Apollyon  [being]  Is  a  lion  going  about  destroy- 
ing cities. 

Chauvinism,  Napoleon  idolatry.  Chau- 
vin  is  a  blind  idolater  of  Napoleon  I.,  in 
Scribe's  drama  entitled  Soldat  Labomreur, 

The  picture  of  Napoleon  galloping  up 
the  Alps  on  a  rampant  war-charger,  is  by 
David.  The  war-horse  is  a  poetical 
representation  of  a  patient  mule  trudging 
wearily  up  the  steep  ascent.  The  cocked 
hat  and  cut-away  coat,  which  the  emperor 
wore  on  gain  days,  are  poetical  repre- 
sentations of  the  fur  cap  pulled  over  his 
ears,  and  the  thick  great  coat,  "  close- 
buttoned  to  the  chin,"  during  his  passage 
over  the  mountains. 

Napoleon  III.    His  Nicknames. 

Abknkniikuo  ((Vm/«  if).  So  lie  called  himself  after 
his  escape  from  the  fortress  of  II.mii. 

l'.AInv.t  kT.  the  name  of  Uiu  niAn  he  allot  In  his 
BouWlir  ewapaile. 

Uol'KTKAPA,  a  rtnn|iound  of  Hon|logiiel  8  trsjsbourg  L 
ami  I'njrls],  the  pUcaaof  Ins  notad  tiH-nimde*. 

DUMB  So  called  ban  Uie  rallier  unusual  slie  of 
hi^  BOOB. 

Man  Cf  DsKBHBUL  So  adled  because  I>eceiiit>er  wis 
bis  monUi  ot  i:!..ry.  Thus,  ho  whs  elected  president 
Dai anbai  11.  1MB]  made  his  c»ur  att.it  DeesjBtbM  •:. 
l«.'>i ;  Hinl  wa>  snaiad  amparar  Daeambai  -.  IMS. 

Man  i»k  Skiivn.  No  caUad  bacau  ■  al  Badaji  he  sur- 
rendered his  sword  to  Uio  king  of  Prussia  (iiepieniUT. 
187u). 

IUTIPoLI.  same  as  the  West  of  England  Rantiiiili. 
a  h.'inim -H-iiniin.  half  Idiot,  ball  madcap.  I  miaatf  in 
1SA6  saw  .1  uiau  forliiililen  to  remain  a  single  night  In 
I'.in.i.  hrrause  lie  addressed  his  dog  as  "  K..ti|-ole."  We 
•en  dining  at  the  anna  taMe. 

Tiik  l.irn.K.  Vktaf  Hugo  gave  hhn  this  tltla;  but 
tin-  h.itred  of  UlUJO  to  NapoMKMl  wits  n  monomania, 

Vkriu  ku  the  name  of  his  supposed  hither. 

Number  2.  The  second  of  the  month 
was  Louis  Napoleon's  day.  It  was  also 
one  of  the  days  of  his  uncle,  the  other 
being  the  fifteenth. 

The  coup  d't'tut  was  December  2  ;  he 
waa    made    emperor    December   2,    1862  ; 


i  '  birth  of 
9  (  Napoleon. 
V 


the  Praneo-Pntflsian  war  opened  at  Saar- 
briick,   August   2,    l«7u;    he    surrendered 

his  sword  to  William  of  I'russia,  Septem- 
ber 2,   1870. 

Napoleon  I.  was  crowned  December  2, 
1804  ;  and  the  victory  of  Austcrlitz  wag 
December  2.  1805. 

Numerical  Curiosities.  1.  1869,  the 
last  year  of  Napoleon's  glory;  the  next 
year  was  that  of  his  downfall.  Al  * 
matter  of  curiosity,  it  may  be  "loerved  thaJ; 
if  the  day  of  his  birth,  or  the  day  of  the 
empress's  birth,  or  the  date  of  the  capi- 
tulation of  Pans,  be  added  to  that  of  the 
coronation  of  Napoleon  III.,  the  result 
always  points  to  1869.  Thus,  he  was 
crowned  185S  ;  he  was  born  1808  ;  the 
empress  Eugenie  was  Inirn  1826  ;  the 
capitulation  of  Paris  was  1871.    Whence  I 

last  1833  lSi-J     coronation. 

')  '  I 

8  '  l.lrth  of  S  '  capitulation 

I  i' Eugenie.         7  I      of  Purls. 
«)  \) 

18(19  1869  18t» 

2.  1870,  the  year  of  his  downfall.  Ily 
adding  the  numerical  values  of  the  birth- 
date  either  of  Napoleon  or  Kugenie  Ui  the 
date  of  the  marriage,  we  get  their  fatal 
year  of  1870.  Thus.  Napoleon  was  bora 
1808;   Kugenie,  182(i  ;  married,   1- 

ISM  1663      )iar  of  uuirruuja 

8  I     birth  of  8  I,  hirlh  of 

0  ('Napoleon.  S  i  Eugenia. 

a)  6) 

1870  1870 

3.  Emperewr.  The  votes  for  the  pre?/- 
dent  to  be  emperor  were  7, 119.791  ;  thoae 
■gainst  him   were    1,119,000.      If,  now, 

the  numberi  7ti:«7'.i r  ill'.*  be  written  on  u 
piece  of  paper,  and  held  up  to  the  light, 
the     reverse     side     will     show     the    word 

tmperew.  (The  dash  is  the  dividing 
mark,  and  forms  the  long  stroke  of  the 
"p.") 

Napoleon  and  Talleyrand.  Na- 
poleon 1.  one  day  entered  ■  roadside  inn, 

and  called  for  breakfast.  Then 
not  lung  in  the  house  but  eggl  and  cider 
(which  Napoleon  detested).  "What 
shall  we  do  }  "  said  the  emperoi  to 
Talleyrand.  In  answer  to  this,  the 
grand  chambelkm  improvised  the  rhymes 
following  :  — 

lv  DOB  rol  .Hgohert 

Aim. ill  1"  l-'ii  >m  aii  dessert. 

Le  grand  M    : 

till  iht.      i>  in.. n  ml. 


.it 


Is  Urn  rem-bert." 
1  ID.  bleu  I  '  lul  dit  le  rot  . 


But  he  could  get  no  further.     Whereupoe) 


NAPOLEON  OF  THE  DRAMA.      678 


NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 


Napoleon  himself  instantly  capped  the 
line  thus : 

*' Je  boirai  du  cidre  avec  toi." 

Chapus,  Dieppe,  etc.  (185:)). 
Our  royal  master  Dagobert 
Good  wine  loved  at  his  dessert. 

But  St.  Elui 

Once  said,  "  Moti  rol. 

We  here  prepare 

No  dainty  fare." 
"  Well."  cried  the  king,  "  so  let  It  be. 
Cider  to-day  we'll  drink  with  thee." 

.Napoleon  of  the  Drama.  Alfred 
Bunn,  lessee  of  Drury  Lane  Theatre 
(1819-1826)  was  so  called  ;  and  so  was 
Robert  William  Elliston,  his  predecessor 
(1774-1826,  died  1831). 

Napoleon  of  Mexico,  the  emperor 
Augusto  Iturbide  (1784-1824). 

Napoleon    of   Oratory,   W.    E. 

Gladstone  (1809-        ). 

Napoleon  of  Peace,  Louis  Phil- 
lippe  of  France  (1773,  reigned  1830-1848, 
died  1850). 

Narcissa,  meant  for  Elizabeth  Lee, 
the  step-daughter  of  Dr.  Young.  In 
Night  ii.  the  poet  says  she  was  clan- 
destinely buried  at  Montpellier,  because 
she  was  a  protestant. — Dr.  Young,  Night 
Thoughts  (1742-6). 

Narcissa,  Mrs.  Oldfield,  the  actress, 
who  insisted  on  being  rouged  and  dressed 
in  Brussels  lace  when  she  was  "laid  out." 
(See  Nancy.) 

"  Odious  !     In  woollen  1    Twould  a  saint  provoke  I  " 
Were  the  last,  words  that  poor  Narcissa  spoke. 
"  No,  let  a  charming  chintz  and  Brussels  lace 
Wrap  my  cold  limbs  and  shade  my  lifeless  face  ; 
One  would  not,  sure,  be  frightful  when  one's  dead  1 
And,  Ketty,  give  this  cheek  a  little  red." 

Pope,  Moral  Essays,  1.  (1731). 

Narcissus,  a  flower.  According  to 
Grecian  fable,  Narcissus  fell  in  love  with 
his  own  reflection  in  a  fountain,  and, 
having  pined  away  because  he  could  not 
kiss  it,  was  changed  into  the  flower  which 
bears  his  name. — Ovid,  Metamorphoses, 
lii.  346,  etc. 

Echo  was  in  love  with  Narcissus,  and 
died  of  grief  because  he  would  not  return 
her  love. 

Narcissus  fair, 
As  o'er  tbe  fabled  fountain  hanging  still. 

Thomson,  Season*  ("  Spring,"  1728). 

***  Gliick,  in  1779,  produced  an  opera 
called  Echo  et  Narcisse. 

Narren-Schiff  ("  the  ship  of  fools  "), 
a  satirical  poem  in  German,  by  Brandt 
(1491),  lashing  the  follies  and  vices  of 
the  period.  Brandt  makes  knowledge 
<if  one's  self  the  beginning  of  wisdom  ; 
maintains  the  equality  of  man ;  and  speaks 
of   life   as   a  brief   pas  tage    only.      The 


book    at  one  time   enjoyed    unboundod 
popularity. 

Narses  (2  syl.),  a  Roman  general 
against  the  Goths  ;  the  terror  of  children. 

The  name  of  Narses  was  the  formidable  sound  with 
which  the  Assyrian  mothers  were  accustomed  to  terrify 
their  infants.— Gibbon,  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire,  viii.  219  (1776-S8). 

Narses,  a  domestic  slave  of  Alexius 
Comnenus  emperor  of  Greece. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Rutus). 

Naso,  Ovid,  the  Roman  poet,  whose 
full  name  was  Publius  Ovidius  Naso. 
(Naso  means  "nose.")  Hence  the  pun 
of  Holofernes : 

And  why  Naso,  but  for  smelling  out  tbe  odoriferous 
flowers  of  fancy?— Shakespeare,  Love's  Labour i  Lust,  act 
iv.  sc.  2  (15U4). 

Nathaniel  (Sir),  the  grotesque  curate 
of  Holofernes.  —  Shakespeare,  Love's 
Labour's  Lost  (1594). 

Nathos,  one  of  the  three  sons  of 
Usnoth  lord  of  Etha  (in  Argyllshire), 
made  commander  of  the  Irish  army  at 
the  death  of  Cuthullin.  For  a  time  ha 
propped  u,  lie  fortune  of  the  youthful 
Cormac,  but  the  rebel  Cairbar  increased 
in  strength  and  found  means  to  murder 
the  young  king.  The  army  under  Nathos 
then  deserted  to  the  usurper,  and  Nathos 
with  his  two  brothers  was  obliged  to 
quit  Ireland.  Dar'-Thula,  'the  daughter 
of  Colla,  went  with  them  to  avoid  Cairbar, 
who  persisted  in  offering  her  his  love. 
The  wind  drove  the  vessel  back  to  Ulster, 
where  Cairbar  lay  encamped,  and  the 
three  young  men,  being  overpowered,  were 
slain.  As  for  Dar-Thula,  she  was  pierced 
with  an  arrow,  and  died  also. — Ossian, 
Dar-Thula. 

Nation  of  Gentlemen.  The 
Scotch  were  so  called  by  George  IV., 
when  he  visited  Scotland  in  1822. 

Nation  of  Shopkeepers.  The 
English  were  so  called  by  Napoleon  I. 

National  Assembly.  (1)  The 
French  deputies  which  met  in  the  year 
1789.  The  states-general  was  convened, 
but  the  clergy  and  nobles  refused  to  sit  in 
the  same  chamber  with  the  commons,  so 
the  commons  or  deputies  of  the  tiers  e'tat 
withdrew,  constituted  themselves  into  a 
deliberative  body,  and  assumed  the  name 
of  the  Assenible'e  Nationale.  (2)  The 
democratic  French  parliament  of  1848, 
consisting  of  900  members  elected  by 
manhood  suffrage,  was  so  called  also. 

National  Convention,  the  French 


Y   IIUMPPO. 


pallia* 

Ay. 

Natty   Buinppo,  r»ll«'l   "'• 
■tucking*. "      II'    »ppe*r*   in 

■ 

:  mi'l 
» In.-ti  be  d 

aVbhon    ■    Vacuum. 

Tim    wa<    an    nxi'.m    of     tin-    |-  ritMtfctic 
philaaophy.  ainl  m 

U    Ml  •       n    of    tin-    r. 

for  ahoat  ihirty-twn  fast  in  valla, 

Nuumr'aa    (-4    if/.),     daoghfa 
Alciooua   king   "f   tli'  ,   who 

r..iuli,.  :ln-   court 

.»    .  .a  the 

Kamfa-M.  w  tb»  I.*.!  rm«  .i..wn  thnmiA  th«  <»rW.b 


Navit;:i' 

luke  of    Vi 
iiiup   !  J   lias   prod 

: 

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ii.  .i,  !'.'■ ',  Antic)  ru.  in 
for   hellebon  ly   f"r   m  i 

II.  a*  • .  a Inn  «  |»  i  foolishly,  be 

w.o.»  told  t"  ihould 

(now 
m  Ai 

Wiki  • 

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•  a  in*  Ui><w<  i 

Mil:.  ...  l,Miui\*Ml 


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wn|..« 

Ni  booh  tdneai  ir 
•.  July,  I-. 


TV  »U 


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well  ..lit  of  ■ 

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.       • 


NEHEMIAH  HOLDENOUGH.        680 


NEPENTHE. 


The  empire  of  Negus  to  his  utmost  port, 
Ercoco. 

Milton,  Paradif  Lost,  XL  397  (1665). 

Nehemiah  Holder*  ough,  a  pres- 
byterian  preacher. — Sir  YV.  Scott,  Wood- 
ttock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Neilson  (Mr.  Christophr^,  a  surgeon 
at  Glasgow.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Neim'heid  (2  syl.)  emp'oyed  four 
architects  to  build  him  a  palace  in 
Ireland ;  and,  that  they  might  rot  build 
another  like  it  or  superior  to  it  for  some 
other  monarch,  had  them  all  pecretly 
murdered. — O'Halloran,  History  of  Ire- 
land. 

***  A  similar  story  is  told  of  Noman- 
al-A6uar  king  of  Hirah,  who  employed 
Senna'mar  to  build  him  a  palace.  When 
finished,  he  cast  the  architect  headlong 
from  the  highest  tower,  to  prevent  his 
building  another  to  rival  it. — D'Herbelet, 
Bibliotheque  Orientate  (1G97). 

Nekayah,  sister  of  Rasselas  prince 
of  Abyssinia.  She  escapes  with  he/ 
brother  from  the  "happy  valley,"  and 
wanders  about  with  him  to  find  what 
condition  or  rank  of  life  is  the  most 
happy.  After  roaming  for  a  time,  and 
finding  no  condition  of  life  free  from  its 
drawbacks,  the  brother  and  sister  resolve 
to  return  to  the  "happy  valley." — Dr. 
Johnson,  Rasselas  (1759). 

Nell,  the  meek  and  obedient  wife  of 
Jobson ;  taught  by  the  strap  to  know 
•who  was  lord  and  master.  Lady  Love- 
rule  was  the  imperious,  headstrong  bride 
of  sir  John  Loverule.  The  two  women, 
by  a  magical  hocus-pocus,  were  changed 
for  a  time,  without  any  of  the  four  know- 
ing it.  Lady  Loverule  was  placed  with 
Jobson,  who  soon  brought  down  her  tur- 
bulent temper  with  the  strap,  and  when 
she  was  reduced  to  submission,  the  two 
women  were  restored  again  to  their  re- 
spective husbands. — C.  Coffey,  The  Devil 
to  Ray  (1731). 

The  merit  of  Mrs.  Clive  [1711-1785]  as  an  actress  first 
•bowed  itself  in  "  Neil  "  Uie  cobbler's  wife.— T.  Duvies. 

Nell  (Little)  or  Nelly  Tuent,  a 
sweet,  innocent,  loving  child  of  14  sum- 
mers, brought  up  by  her  old  miserly 
grandfather,  who  gambled  away  all  his 
n.oney.  Her  days  were  monotonous  and 
without  youthful  companionship,  her 
evenings  gloomy  and  solitary  ;  there  were 
no  child-sympathies  in  her  dreary  home, 
but  dejection,  despondence  akin  to  mad- 
ness, watchfulness,  suspicion,  and  im- 
becility.    The  grandfather  being  wholly 


ruined  by  gaming,  the  two  went  forth  at* 
beggars,  and  ultimately  settled  down  in 
a  cottage  adjoining  a  country  churchyard. 
Here  Nelly  died,  and  the  old  grandfather 
soon  afterwards  was  found  dead  upon  her 
grave. — C.  Dickens,  The  Old  Curiosity 
Shop  (1840). 

%*  The  solution  of  the  grandfather's 
story  is  given  in  ch.  lxix. 

Nelly,  the  servant-girl  of  Mrs.  Din- 
mont. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannerintj 
(time,  George  II.). 

Nelson's  Ship,  the  Victory. 

Now  from  the  fleet  of  the  foemen  past 

Ahead  of  the  Victory, 
A  four-decked  ship,  with  a  flagless  mast. 

An  An.-ik  of  the  sea. 
His  gaze  on  tf  le  ship  lord  Nelson  cast ; 

"  Uh,  oh  !  my  old  friend  1 "  quoth  he. 
"  Since  again  we  have  met.  we  must  all  be  glad 
To  pay  our  respects  to  the  Trinidad" 
So.  full  on  the  bow  of  Uie  giant  foe, 

Our  g:dlaut  Victory  runs ; 
Thro'  the  dark'ning  smoke  the  thunder  broke 

O'er  her  deck  from  a  hundred  guns. 

Lord  Lytton,  Ode,  Ui.  9  (1S19) 

Nem'ean  Lion,  a  lion  of  Argolis, 
alain  by  Hercules. 

In  this  word  Shakespeare  has  pre- 
served the  correct  accent :  "  As  hardy  at 
the  Nem'ean  lion's  nerve  "  (Hamlet,  act  i. 
sc.  5) ;  but  Spenser  incorrectly  throws 
the  accent  on  the  second  syllable,  which 
is  e  shirt:  "Into  the  great  Neme'an 
lion's  giove  "  (Faery  Queen,  v.  1). 

Ere  Nimca'a  bout  resigned  his  shaggy  Bpoflt. 

Statius,  The  Thebaid,  i. 

Nem'et'is,  the  Greek  personification 
of  retribution,  or  that  punishment  for 
sin  which  sooner  or  later  overtakes  the 
offender. 

.  .  .  Nid  some  great  Nemesis 
Break  fi  im  a  darkened  future. 

Tennyson,  The  l'rinceu,  vL  (1847). 

Ne'mo,  the  name  by  which  captain 
Hawdon  was  known  at  Krook's.  He  had 
once  won  the  love  of  the  future  lady 
Dedlock,  by  whom  he  had  a  child  called 
Esther  Sunimerson  ;  but  he  was  compelled 
to  copy  law-writings  for  daily  bread,  and 
died  a  miserable  death  from  an  overdose 
of  opium. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  House 
(1852). 

Nepen'the  (3  syl.)  or  Nepenthes,  a 

care-dispelling  drug,  which  Polydamna, 
wife  of  Tbo'nifl  king  of  Egypt  gave  tc 
Helen  (daughter  of  Jove  and  Leda).  A 
drink  containing  this  drug  " changed 
grief  to  mirth,  melancholy  to  joyfulness, 
and  hatred  to  love."  The  water  of  Ar- 
denne  had  the  opposite  effects.  Homer 
mentions  the  drug  r.epenthe  in  his 
Odyssey,  iv.  228. 


NErHELO-COCCYGIA. 


G81 


NESTOB,  ETC. 


That  nepeiithCs  which  the  wife  of  Thono 

In  Egypt  gave  to  Jove-born  Helena.        __., 

Milton,  Comut,  675  (1C34). 

Nepenthe1  is  a  drink  of  sovereign  grace, 

Devised  l>y  the  gods  for  to  assuage 
Heart's  grief,  and  hitter  gall  away  to  chase 

Which  stirs  up  anger  and  contentious  rage; 

Instead  thereof  sweet  peace  and  ipuetage 
It  doth  es'ahlish  in  the  troubled  mind  ... 
And  such  us  drink,  eternal  happiness  do  fl,ld- 

Spenser.  Faery  Ijwcn,  iv.  -1  (Ia96). 

Neph'elo-Coccyg'ia,  the  cloud- 
land  of  air  castles.  The  word  means 
"  cuckoo  cloudland."  The  city  of  Nephe- 
lo-Coccygia  was  built  by  cuckoos  and 
gulls,  and  was  so  fortified  by  clouds 
that  the  gods  could  not  meddle  with  the 
affairs  of  its  inhabitants.— Aristophanes, 
The  Birds.  .     , 

%*  The  name  occurs  also  in  Lucian  s 
Vera;  Histories. 

Without  flving  to  Nephelo-Coccygia,  or  to  the  court  of 
jueen  Mab,  we  can  meet  with  sharpers,  bullies.  .  .  . 
Impudent  debauchees,  and  women  worthy  of  such  par- 
amours. — Macuulay. 

Nep'omuk  or  Nep'omuck  (St. 
John),  canon  of  Prague.  He  was  thrown 
from  a  bridge  in  1381,  and  drowned  by 
order  of  king  Wenceslaus,  because  he 
refused  to  betray  the  secrets  confided  to 
him  bv  the  queen  in  the  holy  rite  of  con- 
fession. The  spot  whence  he  was  cast 
into  the  Moldau  is  still  marked  by  a 
cross  with  five  stars  on  the  parapet,  in- 
dicative of  the  miraculous  names  seen 
dickering  over  the  dead  body  for  three 
days.  Nepomuk  was  canonized  in  1729, 
and  became  the  patron  saint  of  bridges. 
His  statue  in  stone  usually  occupies  a 
similar  position  on  bridges  as  it  does  at 
Prague. 

Like  St.  John  Nep'omuck  in  stone. 
Looking  down  into  the  stream. 

Longfellow,  'Die  Uulden  Legend  (1S51). 

***  The  word  is  often  accented  on 
the  sceond  syllable. 

Neptune  (Old  Father),  tlu  ocean  or 
sea-god. 

Nerestan,  son  of  Gui  Luaignan 
D'Outremer  king  of  Jerusalem,  and 
brother  of  Zara.  Nerestan  was  sent  on 
his  parole  to  France,  to  obtain  ransom  for 
certain  Christians  who  had  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  the  Saracens.  When  ( Isman, 
the  sultan,  was  informed  of  his  relation- 
ship to  Zara,  he  ordered  all  Christian 
captives  to  be  at  once  liberated  "  without 
money  and  without  price." — A.  Hill, 
Zara  (adapted  from  Voltaire's  tragedy). 

Ne'reus  (2  syl.),  father  of  the  water- 
nymphs.  A  very  old  prophetic  god  of 
great  kindliness.  The  scalp,  chin,  and 
breast  of  Nereus  were  covered  with  sea- 
weed instead  of  hair. 


By  hoary  Nereus'  wrinkled  took. 

Milton,  Comtu.  B71  (1634). 

Neri'nS,  Doto,  and  Nyse,  the 
three  nereids  who  guarded  the  fleet  of 
Vasco  da  Gama.  When  the  treacherous 
pilot  had  run  Vasco's  ship  upon  a  sunken 
rock,  these  three  sea-nymphs  lif  *.d  vp 
the  prow  and  turned  it  round. 

The  lovely  Nysfi  and  Nerine  spring 

With  all  the  vehemence  and  speed  of  wing. 

Camoens,  l.usiad.  ii.  (1569). 

Nerissa,  the  clever  confidential  wait- 
ing-woman of  Portia  the  Venetian  heiress. 
Nerissa  is  the  counterfeit  of  her  mistress, 
with  a  fair  share  of  the  lady's  elegance 
and  wit.  She  marries  Gratiano  a  friend 
of  the  merchant  Anthonio. — Shakespeare, 
The  Merchant  of  Venice  (1G98). 

Nero  of  the  North,  Christian  II. 
of  Denmark  (1480,  reigned  1534-1558, 
died  1559). 

Nesle  (Dlondel  de),  the  favourite 
minstrel  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion 
[Nesle=  Neef].— SirW.  Scott,  The  Talis- 
man (time,  Kichard  I.). 

Nessus's  Shirt.  Nessos  (in  Latin 
Nessus),  the  centaur,  carried  the  wife  of 
Hercules  over  a  river,  and,  attempting  to 
run  away  with  her,  was  shot  by  Hercules. 
As  the  centaur  was  dying,  he  told  Dei- 
ani'ra  (ft  si/l.)  that  if  she  steeped  in  his 
blood  her  husband's  shirt,  she  would  secure 
his  love  for  ever.  This  she  did,  but 
when  Hercules  put  the  shirt  on,  his  body 
Buffered  such  agony,  that  he  rushed  to 
mount  G£ta,  collected  together  a  pile  of 
wood,  set  it  on  fire,  and,  rushing  into  the 
midst  of  the  flames,  was  burnt  to  death. 

When  Creusa  (3  syl.),  the  daughter  of 
king  Creon,  was  about  to  be  married  to 
.lason,  Med€a  sent  her  a  splendid  wedding 
robe  ;  but  when  Creusa  put  it  on,  she  was 
burnt  to  death  by  it  in  excruciating  pain. 
Morgan  le  Fay,  hoping  to  kill  king 
Arthur,  sent,  him  a  Buperh  royal  robe. 
Arthur  told  the  messenger  to  try  it  on, 
that  he  might  sec  its  effect  ;  but  no 
sooner  had  the  messenger  done  so,  than 
he   dropped  down  dead,    "  burnt  to  mere 

coal."— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 

Arthur,  i.  75  (1470). 

Eros,  hoi  die  sl.irt  of  Nessus  U  upon  me  [I.e.  I  am  in 

(I'/l'70/  1. 

Bhakeqxare,  .i  ntnny  and  OUopatra,  »ct  ir.  sc.  10  (liJOS). 

Nestor  (A),  a  wise  old  man.  Nestor 
of  Pvlos  was  the  oldest  and  most  ex- 
perienced of  all  the  Greek  chieftains  who 

went  to  the  siege  of  Troy.— Homer,  Iliad. 

Nestor  of  tho  Chemical  Revo- 


NESTOR  OF  EUROPE. 


682 


NEW  WAY,  ETC. 


.Ution.      Dr.    Black    is    so    called    by 
Lavoisier  (1728-1799). 

Nestor  of  Europe,  Leopold  king 
of  Belgium  (1790,  1831-1865). 

Neu'ha,  a  native  of  Toobouai,  one  of 
the  Society  Islands.  It  was  at  Too- 
bouai that  the  mutineers  of  the  Bounty 
landed,  and  Torquil  married  Ncuha. 
When  a  vessel  was  sent  to  capture  the 
mutineers,  Neuha  conducted  Torquil  to  a 
secret  cave,  where  they  lay  perdu  till  all 
danger  was  over,  when  they  returned  to 
their  island  home. — Byron,  The  Island. 
('1  he  character  of  Neuha  is  given  in  canto 
ii.  7.) 

Never. 

On  the  Greek  Kalends.  (There  are  no 
Greek  Kalends.)  When  the  Spanish  am- 
bassadot  announced  in  Latin  the  terms 
on  which  queen  Elizabeth  might  hope  to 
avert  the  threatened  invasion,  her  majesty 
replied : 

Ad  Graecas,  lione  rex,  flent  mandata  calendas. 

On  St.  Tibs's  Eve.  (There  is  no  such 
saint  as  Tibs.) 

On  the  31st  of  June,  1879  (or  any  other 
impossible  date). 

At  latter  Lammas.  (There  is  no  such 
time.)  Fuller  thus  renders  the  speech  of 
the  Spanish  ambassador : 

These  to  you  are  our  commands : 
Send  no  help  to  th'  Netherlands ; 
Of  the  treasure  ta'en  by  Drake 
Restitution  you  must  make  ; 
And  those  abbeys  build  anew 
Which  your  father  overthrew. 

The  queen's  reply : 

Worthy  king,  know  this  :  Your  will 
At  latter  Lammas  we'll  fulfil. 

On  the  year  of  the  coronation  of 
Napoleon  III. 

In  the  reign  of  queen  Dick. 

Once  in  a  blue"  moon. 

When  two  Sundays  meet. 

When  the  Yellow  River  runs  clear 
(Chinese). 

In  that  memorable  week  which  had 
thr;c  Thursdays. — Rabelais,  Pantayruel, 
ii.  1. 

The  year  when  the  middle  of  Auguit 
was  in  May. — Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  ii.  1. 

The  year  of  the  great  medlars,  three  of 
which  would  fill  a  bushel. — Rabelais, 
Puntagruel,  ii.  1. 

A.t  the  coming  of  the  Cocklicranes 
(3  syl.). — Rabelais,  Ganjantua,  49. 

Hevers  {Comtede),  to  whom  Valen- 
ti'na,  (daughter  of  the  governor  of  the 
Louvre)    was    affianced,    and    whom    she 


married  in  a  fit  of  jealousy.  The  count 
having  been  shot  in  the  Bartholomew- 
slaughter,  Valentina  married  Raoul  [Bawl] 
her  first  love,  but  both  were  killed  by  a 
party  of  musketeers  commanded  by  the 
governor  of  the  Louvre. — Meyerbeer, 
Les  Hwjuenots  (opera,  1836). 

***  The  duke  [not  count]  de  Nevers, 
being  asked  by  the  governor  of  the 
Louvre  to  join  in  the  Bartholomew  Mas- 
sacre, replied  that  his  family  con- 
tained a  long  list  of  warriors,  but  not  one 
assassin. 

Neville  (Major),  an  assumed  name 
of  lord  Geraldin,  son  of  the  carl  of 
Geraldin.  He  first  appears  as  Mr. 
William  Lovell. 

Mr.  Geraldin  Neville,  undo  to  lord 
Geraldin. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Neville  (Miss),  the  friend  and  confidante 
of  Miss  Hardcastle.  A  handsome  co- 
quettish girl,  destined  by  Mrs.  Hard- 
castle for  her  son  Tony  Lumpkin,  but 
Tony  did  not  care  for  her,  and  she 
dearly  loved  Mr.  Hastings  ;  so  Hastings 
and  Tony  plotted  together  to  outwit 
madam,  and  of  course  won  the  day. — 0. 
Goldsmith,  She  Stoops  to  Conquer  (1773). 

Neville  (Sir  Henry),  chamberlain  of 
Richard  Cceur  de  Lion. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  1'alisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

New  Atlantis  (T/w),  an  imaginary 
island  in  the  middle  of  the  Atlantic. 
Bacon,  in  his  allegorical  fiction  so  called, 
supposes  himself  wrecked  on  this  island, 
where  he  finds  an  association  for  the  cul- 
tivation of  natural  science  and  the  pro- 
motion of  arts. — Lord  Bacon,  'The  A'eio 
Atlantis  (1626). 

%*  Called  the  New  Atlantis  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  Plato's  Atlantis,  an 
imaginary  island  of  fabulous  charms. 

New  Inn  (The)  or  The  Light 
Heart,  a  comedy  by  Ben  Jonson 
(1628). 

New  Way  to  Pay  Old  Debts,  a 

drama  by  Philip  Massinger  (1625). 
Wellborn,  the  nephew  of  sir  Giles  Over- 
reach, having  run  through  his  fortune 
and  got  into  debt,  induces  lady  Allvrorth, 
out  of  respect  and  gratitude  to  his  father, 
to  give  him  countenance.  This  induces 
sir  Giles  to  suppose  that  his  nephew  was 
about  to  marry  the  wealthy  dowager. 
Feeling  convinced  that  he  will  then  be 
able  to  swindle  him  of  all  the  dowager's 
property,    as  he  had  ousted   him  out  o/ 


NEW  ZEALANDER. 


683 


N  EW'SPAPERS. 


his  paternal  estates,  sir  Giles  pays  his 
nephew's  debts,  and  supplies  him  liberally 
•vilh  ready  money,  to  bring  about  tbe 
marriage  as  soon  as  possible.  Having 
paid  Wellborn'a  debts,  the  overreach- 
ing old  man  is  compelled,  through  the 
treachery  of  his  clerk,  to  restore  the 
estates  also,  for  the  deeds  of  conveyance 
are  found  to  be  only  blank  sheets  of 
parchment,  the  writing  having  been 
erased  by  some  chemical  acids. 

New  Zealander.  It  was  Macanlay 
who  said  the  time  might  come  when 
some  "  New  Zealand  artist  shall,  in  the 
midst  of  a  vast  solitude,  take  his  stand  on 
n  broken  arch  of  London  bridge  to  sketch 
the  ruins  of  St.  Paul's." 

%*  Shelley  was  before  Macaulay  in 
the  same  conceit. — See  Dedication  of  Peter 
Bell  the  Third. 

Newcastle  ( The  duchess  of),  in  the 
court  of  Charles  II. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
1'cveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Newcastle  {The  marquis  of),  a  royalist 
in  the  service  of  Charles  I. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Newcastle  Apothecary  (The),  Mr. 
Bolus  of  Newcastle  used  to  write  his  pre- 
scriptions in  rhyme.  A  bottle  bearing  the 
couplet,  "  When  taken  to  be  well  shaken," 
was  sent  to  a  patient,  and  when  Bolus  called 
next  day  to  inquire  about  its  effect,  John 
told  the  apothecary  his  master  was  dead. 
The  fact  is,  John  had  shaken  the  sick  man 
instead  of  the  bottle,  and  had  shaken  the 
life  out  of  him. — G.  Colman,  junior. 

Newcome  (Clemency),  about  30 
years  old,  with  a  plump  and  cheerful  face, 
but  twisted  into  a  tightness  that  made 
it  comical.  Her  gait  was  Yery  homely, 
her  limbs  seemed  all  odd  ones  ;  her  shoes 
were  so  self-willed  that  they  never 
wanted  to  go  where  her  feet  went.  She 
wore  blue  stockings,  a  printed  gown  of 
hideous  pattern  and  many  colours,  and  a 
white  apron.  Her  sleeves  were  short, 
her  elbows  always  grazed,  her  cap  any- 
where but  in  the  right  place  ;  but  she 
was  scrupulously  clean,  and  "maintained 
a  kind  of  dislocated  tidiness."  She 
carried  in  her  pocket  "a  handkerchief, 
a  piece  of  wax-candle,  an  apple,  an 
orange,  a  lucky  penny,  a  cramp-bone, 
a  padlock,  a  pair  of  scissors,  a  handful 
of  loose  beads,  several  balls  of  worsted 
and  cotton,  a  needle-case,  a  collection  of 
curl-papers,  a  biscuit,  a  thimble,  a 
ttutmeg-gratcr,  and  a  fow  miscellaneous 


articles."  (.'leniency  Newcome  married 
Benjamin  Britain,  her  fellow-servant  at 
Dr.  Jeddler's,  and  opened  a  country 
inn   called   the    Nutmeg-Grater,  a   cozy, 

well-to-do  place  as  any  one  could  wish  to 
see,  and  there  were  few  married  people  so 
well  assorted  as  Clemency  and  lien 
Britain. — C.  Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Lift 
(1846). 

Newcome  (Colonel),  a  widower,  dis- 
tinguished for  the  moral  beauty  of  his 
life.  He  loses  his  money  and  enters  the 
Charter  House. 

Clive  Newcome,  his  son.     He  is  in  love  ■ 
with    Ethel  Newcome,  his   cousin,  whom 
he  marries  as  his  second  wife. — Thacke- 
ray, The  Newcomes  (1855). 

Newcome  (Johnny),  any  raw  youth 
when  he  first  enters  the  army  or  navy. 

Newgate  Fashion  (To  March), 
two  and  two,  as  the  prisoners  were  at  one 
time  conveyed  to  Newgate  two  and  two 
together. 

Fatstatf.    Must  we  all  march  ? 

Bardulfh.    Yea,  two  and  two,  Newgate  fashion. 

Shakespeare,  1  Henry  I V.  act  iii.  ec.  3  (15U7). 

Newgate  Fringe,  a  beard  worn  only 
under  the  chin,  as  the  hangman's  rope  is 
fastened  round  the  neck  of  those  about  to 
be  hanged.  Sometimes  called  the  New- 
gate Frill,  and  sometimes  the  Tyburn 
Collar. 

The  Newgate  Knocker,  a  lock  of  hair 
worn  especially  by  costermongers,  twisted 
towards  the  car.  It  is  supposed  to  re- 
mind one  of  the  knocker  on  the  prison 
door  of  Newgate.  The  cow-lick  is  a  curl 
worn  on  the  temples. 

Newland  (Abraham),  one  of  the 
governors  of  the  Bank  of  England,  to 
whom,  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  all  Bank  of  England  notes  were 
made  payable.  A  bank-note  was  called 
an  "Abraham  Newland  ;"  and  hence  the 
popular  song,  "  I've  often  heard  say,  slum. 
Ab'ram  you  may,  but  must  not  sham 
Abraham  Newland." 

Trees  are  notes  IflSQtt]  from  tho  bank  of  nature,  and  aa 
current  as  those  ptiyable  to  Abraham  Newland.— <j.  Col- 
man, The  I'our  Ocntlcnutn.i.  2(]!MKt). 

Newspapers  (The  Oldest). 

Stamford  Mercury,  1695.  The  editor 
says  that  No.  6833,  July  7,  1826,  means 
thai  the  paper  had  arrived  at  the  6833rd 
week  of  issue,  or  the  131st  year  oi  it  a 
existence. 

Nottingham  Journal,  1710, 

Nqrthqmpton  Mercury,  1720, 

Gloucester  Journal,  1722. 

***    Chalmers    says    that    the    nrs» 


NEWTON. 


684 


NIBELUNGEN  NOT. 


English  newspaper  was  called  the 
English  Mercury,  1588 ;  but  Mr.  Watts 
has  proved  that  the  papers  so  called, 
now  in  the  British  Museum,  are  forgeries, 
because  they  bear  the  paper-mark  ol 
George  I.  The  English  Mercuries  consist 
of  seven  distinct  articles,  three  printed, 
and  four  in  MS. 
Newton. 

Newton  . .  .  declared,  with  all  his  grand  discoveries  recent. 
Thai  he  himself  felt  only  "like  ayouth 
Fkkhig  up  shell*  by  the  great  ocean,  truth." 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vii.  5  (1S34). 

Newton  discovered  the  prismatic 
colours  of  light,  and  explained  the 
phenomenon  by  the  emission  theory. 

Nature  and  Nature's  laws  lay  hid  in  night. 
(,ol  said.  "  Let  Newton  be  ,  "and  all  was  light. 
Pope,  Lpitaph,  intended  for  Xewton's  Monument  in 
Weitmin&ter  Abbey  (171*7). 

Newton  is  called  by  Campbell  "The 
Priest  of  Nature." — Pleasures  of  Hope,  i. 
(1799). 

Newton  and  the  Apple.  It  is 
said  that  Newton  was  standing  in  the 
garden  of  Mrs.  Conduitt  of  Woolsthorpe, 
in  the  year  1665,  when  an  apple  fell  from 
a  tree  and  set  him  thinking.  From  this 
incident  he  ultimately  developed  his 
theory  of  gravitation. 

When  Newton  saw  an  apple  fall,  he  found, 
In  that  slight  startle  from  his  contemplation.  .  .  . 
A  mode  of  proving  that  the  earth  turned  round, 
In  a  most  natural  whirl  called  gravitation. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  x.  1  (1814). 

Nibelung.  a  mythical  king  of  Nibe- 
lungenland  (Norway).  He  had  twelve 
paladins,  all  giants.  Siegfried  [Sege.- 
freed],  prince  of  the  Netherlands,  slew 
the  giants,  and  made  Nibelungenland 
tributary. — Nibelungen  Lied,  iii.  (1210). 

Nibelungen  Hoard,  a  mythical 
mass  of  gold  and  precious  stones,  which 
Siegfried  [Sege.freed],  prince  of  the 
Netherlands,  took  from  Nibelungenland 
and  gave  to  his  wife  as  a  dowry.  The 
hoard  filled  thirty-six  waggons.  After 
the  murder  of  Siegfried,  Hagan  seized 
the  hoard,  and,  for  concealment,  sank  it 
in  the  "  Khine  at  Lockham,"  intending 
to  recover  it  at  a  future  period,  but 
Hagan  was  assassinated,  and  the  hoard 
was  lo3t  for  ever. — Nibelungen  Lied,  xix. 

Nibelungen  Lied  [Ne.by-lung.'n 
ieed],  the  German  Iliad  (1210).  It  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  and  thirty-two 
lieds  or  cantos.  The  first  part  ends  with 
the  death  of  Siegfried,  and  the  second 
part  with  the  death  of  Kriemhild. 

Siegfried,  the  youngest  of  the  kings 
r»f  the  Netherlands,  went  to  Worms, 
to     crave    the    hand    of    Kriemhild    in 


marriage.  While  he  was  staying  with 
Giinther  king  of  Burgundy  (the  lady's 
brother),  he  assisted  him  to  obtain  in 
marriage  Brunhild  queen  of  Issland, 
who  announced  publicly  that  he  only 
should  be  her  husband  who  could  beat 
her  in  hurling  a  spear,  throwing  a  hug<- 
stone,  and  in  leaping.  Siegfried,  who 
possessed  a  cloak  of  invisibility,  aided 
Giinther  in  these  three  contests,  and 
Brunhild  became  his  wife.  In  return  for 
these  services,  Giinther  gave  Siegfried  his 
sister  Kriemhild  in  marriage.  After  a 
time,  the  bride  and  bridegroom  went  to 
visit  Giinther,  when  the  two  ladies  dis- 
puted about  the  relative  merits  of  their 
respective  husbands,  and  Kriemhild,  to 
exalt  Siegfried,  boasted  that  Giinther 
owed  to  him  his  victories  and  his  wife. 
Brunhild,  in  great  anger,  now  employed 
Hagan  to  murder  Siegfried,  and  this  he 
did  by  stabbing  him  in  the  back  while 
he  was  drinking  from  a  brook. 

Thirteen  years  elapsed,  and  the  widow 
married  Etzel  king  of  the  Huns.  After 
a  time,  she  invited  Brunhild  and  Hagan 
to  a  visit.  Hagan,  in  this  visit,  killed 
Etzel's  young  son,  and  Kriemhild  was 
like  a  fury.  A  battle  ensued,  in  which 
Giinther  and  Hagan  were  made  prisoners, 
and  Kriemhild  cut  off  both  their  heads 
with  her  own  hand.  Hildebrand.  hor- 
rified at  this  act  of  blood,  slew  Kriemhild  ; 
and  so  the  poem  ends. — Authors  un- 
known (but  the  story  was  pieced  together 
by  the  minnesingers). 

%*  The  YMsunga  Saga  is  the  Icelandic 
version  of  the  Nibelungen  Lied.  This 
saga  has  been  translated  into  English  by 
William  Morris. 

The  Nibelungen  Lied  has  been  ascribed 
to  Heinrich  von  Ofterdingen,  a  minne- 
singer ;  but  it  certainly  existed  before 
that  epoch,  if  not  as  a  complete  whole, 
in  separate  lays,  and  all  that  Heinrich 
von  Ofterdingen  could  have  done  was  to 
collect  the  floating  lays,  connect  them, 
and  form  them  into  a  complete  story. 

F.  A.  Wolf,  in  1795,  wrote  a  learned 
book  to  prove  that  Homer  did  for  tho 
Iliad  and  Odyssey  what  Ofterdingen  did 
for  the  Nibelunijenlicd. 

Richard  Wagner  composed,  in  1850,  an 
opera  called  Lie  Niebelungen. 

Nibelungen  Not,  the  second  part 
of  the  Nibelungen  Lied,  containing  the 
marriage  of  Kriemhild  with  Etzel,  the 
visit  of  the  Burgundians  to  the  court  of 
the  Hun,  and  the  death  of  Giinther, 
Hagan,  Kriemhild,  and  others.  This  part 
contains   eighty-three    four-lint    stanzas 


NIP.ELUNGERS. 


C85 


NICKLEBY. 


more  than  the  first  part.  The  number  of 
lines  in  the  two  parts  is  9836  ;  so  that 
the  poem  is  almost  as  long  as  Milton's 
Paradise  Lost. 

Nibelungers,  whoever  possessed 
the  Nibelungen  hoard.  When  it  was  in 
Norway,  the  Norwegians  were  so  called: 
when  Siegfried  [Sege.freed]  got  the  pos- 
session of  it,  the  Nethcrlandors  were  so 
called  ;  and  when  the  hoard  was  removed 
to  Burgundy,  the  Burgundians  were  the 
Nibelungers. 

Nic.  Frog,  the  Dutch,  as  a  nation  ; 
as  the  English  are  called  John  Bull. — Dr. 
Arbuthnot,  History  of  John  Bull  (1712). 

Niea'nor,  "  the  Protospathaire,"  a 
Greek  general. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 
Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Pufus). 

Nice  (Sir  Courtly),  the  chief  character 
and  title  of  a  drama  by  Croune  (IG80). 

Nicholas,  a  poor  scholar,  who  boarded 
with  John,  a  rich  old  miserly  carpenter. 
The  poor  scholar  fell  in  love  with  Alison, 
his  landlord's  young  wife,  who  joined 
him  in  duping  the  foolish  old  carpenter. 
Nicholas  told  John  that  such  a  rain 
would  fall  on  the  ensuing  Monday  as 
would  drown  every  one  in  "less  than 
an  hour ; "  and  he  persuaded  the  old 
fool  to  proride  three  large  tubs,  one  for 
himself,  one  for  his  wife,  and  the  other  for 
his  lodger.  In  these  tubs,  said  Nicholas, 
they  would  be  saved  ;  and  when  the  flood 
abated,  they  would  then  be  lords  and 
masters  of  the  whole  earth.  A  few  hours 
before  the  time  of  the  "flood,"  the  old 
carpenter  went  to  the  top  chamber  of  his 
house  to  repeat  his  pater  nosters.  lie  fell 
asleep  over  his  prayers,  and  was  roused 
by  the  cry  of  "Water!  water!  Help! 
help!"  Supposing  the  rain  had  come, 
he  jumped  into  his  tub,  and  was  let  down 
by  Nicholas  and  Alison  into  the  street. 
A  crowd  soon  assembled,  were  delighted 
at  the  joke,  and  pronounced  the  old  man 
an  idiot  and  fool. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("The  Miller's  Tale,"  1388). 

Nicholas,  the  barber  of  the  Tillage  in 
which  don  Quixote  lived. —  Cervantes, 
Don  Quixote,  I.  (1605). 

Nicholas  (Brother),  a  monk  at  St. 
Mary's  Convent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Nicholas  (St.),  patron  saint  of  boys, 
parish  clerks,  sailors,  thieves,  and  of 
Aberdeen,  Iiussia,  etc. 

Nicholas  (St.).     The  legend  is,  that  an 


angel  told  him  a  father  was  so  poor  he 
was  about  to  raise  money  by  the  prostitu- 
tion of  his  three  daughters.  On  hearing 
this,  St.  Nicholas  threw  in  at  the  cottage 

window  three  bags  of  money,  sufficient 
to  portion  each  of  the  three  damsels. 

The  nift 
Of  Nicholas,  which  OB  the  maidens  he 
ISounteotis  bestowed,  to  save  their  \uuthful  prime 
Unblemished. 

Dante,  Purgatory,  xx.  11308). 

Nicholas  of  the  Tower  (The)K 
the  duke  of  Exeter,  constable  of  the 
Tower. 

He  was  encountered  with  a  shi|.pe  of  warre  apper 
teiuyng  to  the  duke  of  Exeter,  the  constable  .,f  the  Town 
ot  London,  called  The  Nicholat  of  tho  Toicre.— Hall. 
OJtronic  a  (154-J). 

Nicholas's  Clerks,  highwaymen  : 

so  called  by  a  pun  on  the  phrase  Old 
Nick  and  St.  Nicholas  who  presided  over 
scholars. 

I  think  yonder  come,  prancing  down  the  hill  from 
Kington,  a  couple  ul  St.  Nicholas's  clerks.— Kowlcy, 
Match  at  Midnight  (1<«3). 

St.  Nicholas's  Clerks,  scholars  ;  so  called 
because  St.  Nicholas  was  the  patron  of 
scholars.  The  statutes  of  Paul's  School 
require  the  scholars  to  attend  divine 
service  on  St.  Nicholas's  Day. — Knight, 
Life  of  Dean  Cvlet,  dfrl  (172G). 

Nickleby  (Nicholas),  the  chief  cha- 
racter and  title  of  a  novel  by  C.  Dickens 
(1838).  He  is  the  son  of  a  poor  country 
gentleman,  mid  has  to  make  his  own  way 
in  the  world.  He  first  goes  as  usher  to 
Mr.  Squeere,  schoolmaster  at  Dotheboys 
Hall,  in  Yorkshire  ;  but  leaves  in  dis- 
gust with  the  tyranny  of  Squeers  and 
his  wife,  especially  to  a  poor  boy  named 
Smike.  Smike  runs  away  from  the  school 
to  follow  Nicholas,  and  remains  his 
humble  follower  till  death.  At  Ports- 
mouth, Nicholas  joins  the  theatrical 
company  of  .Mr.  Crummies,  but  leaves 

the  profession  for  other  adventures.  Ho 
falls  in  with  the  brothers  Cherryble,  who 
make  him  their  clerk  ;  and  in  this  p">t 
he  rises  to  become  a  merchant,  and  ulti- 
mately marries  Madeline  Bray. 
Mrs.  Nickleby,  mother  of  Nicholas,  ana 

B  widow.  She  is  an  enormous  talker, 
fond  of  telling  long  Btorieswith  no  con- 
nection. Mrs.  Nickleby  is  a  weak,  rain 
woman,  who  imagines  an  idiot  neighbour 
is  in  love  with  her  because  he  tosses 
cabbages  and  other  articles  over  the  gar- 
den wall.  In  conversation,  Mrs.  Nickleby 
rules  oil  iroin  the  main  point  at  every 
word  Buggestive  of  aome  new  idea.  As 
a  specimen  of  her  sequence  of  ideas, 
take  the  following  example: — "The  name 
began    with  [B'   and   ended   with   '  g,'  1 


NICNEVEN. 


68G 


NIMUE. 


am  sure.  Perhaps  it  was  Waters"  (p. 
198). 

***  "The  original  of  'Mrs.  Nickleby,'" 
eavs  John  Foster,  "was  the  mother  of 
Charles  Dickens." — Life  of  Dickens,  iii.  8. 

Kate  Nickleby,  sister  of  Nicholas ; 
beautiful,  pure-minded,  and  loving.  Kate 
works  hard  to  assist  in  the  expenses  of 
housekeeping,  but  shuns  every  attempt 
of  Ralph  and  others  to  allure  her  from 
the  path  of  virgin  innocence.  She  ulti- 
mately marries  Frank,  the  nephew  of  the 
Cheeryble  brothers. 

Ralph  Nickleby,  of  Golden  Square 
(London),  uncle  to  Nicholas  and  Kate. 
A  hard,  grasping  money-broker,  with 
no  ambition  but  the  love  of  saving,  no 
spirit  beyond  the  thirst  of  gold,  and  no 
principle  except  that  of  fleecing  every 
one  who  comes  into  his  power.  This 
villain  is  the  father  of  Smike,  and  ulti- 
mately hangs  himself,  because  he  loses 
money,  and  sees  his  schemes  one  after 
another  burst  into  thin  air. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Nicneven,  a  gigantic  malignant  hag 
of  Scotch  superstition. 

***  Dunbar,  the  Scotch  poet,  describes 
her  in  his  Flytimj  of  Dunbar  and  Kennedy 
(1508). 

Nieode'mus,  one  of  the  servants  of 
general  Harrison. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Nicole  (2  syl.),  a  female  servant  of 
M.  Jourdain,  who  sees  the  folly  of  her 
master,  and  exposes  it  in  a  natural  and 
amusing  manner. — Moliere,  Le  Bounjeois 
Gentilhomine  (1670). 

Night  or  Nox.  So  Tennyson  calls 
sir  Peread,  the  Black  Knight  of  the  Black 
Lands,  one  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept 
the  passages  to  Castle  Perilous. — Tenny- 
son, Idylls  of  the  King  ("  Gareth  and 
Lvnette");  sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  12G  (1470). 

Nightingale  {The),  unknown  in 
Wales,  Ireland,  and  Scotland.  It  does 
not  visit  Cornwall,  nor  even  the  west  of 
Devon,  nor  does  it  cross  the  Trent. 

Niyhtinyale  {The  Arcadian),  an  ass. 

Nightingale  {The  Cambridgeshire),  the 
edible  frog,  once  common  in  the  fen 
district ;  also  called  the  "  Whaddon 
organ." 

Nightingale  {The  Fen),  the  edible  frog. 

Nightingale  {The  Italian),  Angelica 
Catala'ni  ;  also  called  '"  The  Queen  of 
Song"  (1782-  1849). 


Nightingale  {The  Liege),  the  edible  frog. 

Nightingale  {The  Swedish),  Jenny  Lind. 
afterwards  Mde.  Goldschmidt.  She  ap- 
peared in  London  1847,  and  retired  1851 
(born  1821-        ). 

Nightingale    and    the    Lutist. 

The  tale  is,  that  a  lute-master  challenged 
a  nightingale  in  song.  The  bird,  after 
sustaining  the  contest  for  some  time, 
feeling  itself  outdone,  fell  on  the  lute,  and 
died  broken-hearted. 

***  This  tale  is  from  the  Latin  of 
Strada,  translated  by  Richard  Crashaw, 
and  called  Mtisic's  Duel  (1650).  It  is 
most  beautifully  told  by  John  Ford,  in 
his  drama  entitled  The  Lover's  Melan- 
choly, where  Men'aphon  is  supposed  to 
tell  it  to  Ame'thus  (1628). 

Nightingale  and  the  Thorn. 

As  it  fell  upon  a  dny 
In  the  merry  month  of  May, 
Sitting  in  a  pleasant  shade 
Which  a  grove  of  myrtles  made- 
Beasts  did  leap,  and  birds  did  sing, 
Trees  ilid  grow,  and  plants  did  spring. 
Everything  did  banish  moan. 
Save  the  nightingale  alone  ; 
She,  poor  bird,  as  all  forlorn, 
Leaned  her  breast  uptill  a  thorn. 
Richard  Barntield,  Address  to  the  Nightingale  (1594). 
So  Philomel,  perched  on  an  aspen  sprig. 
Weeps  all  the  night  her  lost  virginity, 
And  sings  her  sad  tale  to  the  merry  twig. 
That  dances  at  such  joyful  in>sery. 
Ne  ever  lets  sweet  rest  invade  her  eye; 
But  leaning  on  a  thorn  her  dainty  chest, 
For  fear  soft  sleep  should  steal  into  her  breast. 
Expresses  in  her  song  grief  not  to  be  expressed. 
Giles  Fletcher,  ChrUt's  Triumph  over  DetUh  (1610). 
Tin;  nightingale  that  sings  with  the  deep  thorn, 
Which  fable  places  in  [sic]  her  breast 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  87  (1824). 

Nightmare  of  Europe  {The), 
Napoleon  Bonaparte  (1769,  reigned  1804- 
1814,  died  1821). 

Nightshade  {Deadly).  We  are  told 
that  the  berries  of  this  plant  so  intoxi- 
cated the  soldiers  of  Sweno  the  Danish 
king,  that  they  became  an  easy  prey  tc 
the  Scotch,  who  cut  them  to  pieces. 

%*  Called  "  deadly,"  not  from  its 
poisonous  qualities,  but  because  it  was 
used  at  one  time  for  blackening  the  eyes 
in  mourning. 

Nimrod,  pseudonym  of  Charles  James 
Apperlev,  author  of  tlie  Chase,  The  Road, 
The  Turf  (1852),  etc. 

Nim'ue,  a  "  damsel  of  the  lake,"  who 
cajoled  Merlin  in  his  dotage  to  tell  hei 
the  secret  "whereby  he  could  be  rendered 
powerless ; "  and  then,  like  Delilah,  she 
overpowered  him,  by  "  confining  him 
under  a  stone." 

Then  after  vnese  quests,  Merlin  fell  In  a  dctage  on  .  . 
one  o!  the  d-.msels  of  the  lake,  bight  Nlniue,  and  Mcrlla 


NINA-TIIOMA. 


687 


NINON  DE  LENCLOS. 


would  let  her  have  no  reft,  hut  always  he  would  be  with 
ner  in  everyplace.  And  she  made  him  good  cheer  till 
she  had  learned  "f  him  what  she  desired.  .  .  .  And  Mer- 
lin ibewed  to  bet  in  a  rock,  whereas  iraa  a  great  won- 
der .  .  .  which  want  under  a  stone.  Bo  i-y  her  subtle 
craft,  she  made  Merlin  go  under  that  stone  .  .  .  and  he 
never  came  out,  for  all  the  craft  that  he  could  do. — Sir 
T.  Malory,  HiUory  of  rrincc  Arthur,  i.  60  (1470). 

It  is  not  unlikely  that  this  name  is  a 
clerical  error  for  Nincve  or  Ninive.  It 
occurs  only  once  in  the  three  volumes. 
(See  Ninkvk.) 

%*  Tennyson  makes  Vivien  the  seduc- 
tive betrayer  of  Merlin,  and  says  she 
enclosed  him  "  in  the  four  walls  of  a 
hollow  tower;"  but  the  History  says 
'•  Nimue  put  him  under  the  stone  "  (pt.  i. 
GO). 

Nina-Thonia,  daughter  of  Tor- 
Thoma  (chief  of  one  of  the  Scandinavian 
islands).  She  eloped  with  Uthal  (son  of 
Laithmor  a  petty  king  of  Bernithon,  a 
neighbouring  island)  ;  but  Uthal  soon 
tired  of  her,  and,  having  fixed  his  affec- 
tions on  another,  confined  her  in  a  desert 
island.  Uthal,  who  had  also  dethroned 
his  father,  was  slain  in  single  combat  by 
Ossian,  v/ho  had  come  to  restore  the 
deposed  monarch  to  his  throne.  When 
Nina-Thoma  heard  of  her  husband's 
death,  she  languished  and  died,  "for 
though  most  cruelly  entreated,  her  love  for 
Uthal  was  not  abated." — Ossian,  Berra- 
thon, 

Nine.  "  It  is  by  nines  that  Eastern 
presents  are  given,  when  they  would  ex- 
tend their  magnificence  to  the  highest 
degree."  Thus,  when  Dakianos  wished  to 
ingratiate  himself  with  the  shah, 

He  caused  himself  to  lw  preceded  by  nine  superb  camels. 
The  first  was  loaded  with  nine  suits  of  gold  adorned  with 
jewels;  the  second  bore  nine  sabres,  the  hilts  and  scab- 
hauls  of  which  were  adorned  with  diamonds;  upon  the 
third  camel  were  nine  suiis  of  armour ;  the  fourth  had 
nine  suits  of  horse  furniture  ;  the;  tilth  had  nine  cases  full 
of  sapphires ;  the  sixth  had  nine  cases  full  of  rubiei ;  the 
seventh  nine  cases  full  of  emeralds  ;  the  eighth  had  nine 
cases  full  of  amethysts ;  and  the  ninth  had  nine  c;ises  full 
of  diamonds. — Comte  de  Caylus.  Oriental  Tola  ("  Uakia- 
nos and  Mie  Seven  Sleepers,"  17-1-'.). 

Nine  Gods  {The)  of  the  Etruscans  : 
Juno,  Minerva,  andTin'ia  {tin- three  chief). 
The  other  six  were  Vulcan,  Mars,  Saturn, 
Hercules,  Sumnia'nus,  and  Vedius.    (See 

NOVENSILES.) 

Lars  Pnr'sfna  of  Clusiuni, 
Ify  the  nine  noils  he  SWOM 

That  the  great  ii i  Tarquln 

Should  suffer  wrong  no  more. 

By  the  nine  gods  lie  swore  it. 
And  named  a  bratlng  day  .  .  . 
To  summon  his  anray, 

Lord  Macaulav,  Cam  o/Anetmt  Home 

riloralms,'  I.,  1M-J). 

Nine  Orders  of  Angels  ( The)  ■. 
(1)  Seraphim,  ("-')  Cherubim  (»>!  the  first 
circle)  ;  (ii)   Thrones,   (1)    Dominions  (in 


the  second  circle) I;  (5)  Virtues,  (f!)  Prwers, 
(7)  Principalities,  (8)  Archangels,  (9) 
Angels  (tn  the  third  circle). 

In  heaven  above 
The  effulgent  bands  In  triple  circles  move 

.  Jerusalem  DMeend,  xi.  13(1574). 

Novem  vero  angelorum  or, in,.  .  *-,  i ■ 

(l)  Angelos,  (2)  An  bang  .■  . 

(5i  Prlnclpatus,  (ii)  Domlnationes,  |7|  Thronoa,  |8I  I  hero- 

bun.  (yj  Seraphim. — Gregory,  Homily,  M  (a.d.  :i-l). 

Nine  Planets  (The):  Mercury, 
Venus,  the  Earth,  Mars,  the  Planetoid*, 
Jupiter,  Saturn,  Uranus,  and  Neptune. 

%*  According  to  the  Ptolemaic  Byst»  m 
there  are  only  seven  planets,  or  more 
strictly  speaking,  "  planetary  heavens," 
viz.,  the  Moon,  Mercury,  Venus,  the  Sun, 
Mars,  Jupiter,  and  Saturn.  Beyond  these 
were  three  other  spheres,  that  of  the  fixed 
stars,  the  primnm  mobile,  and  the  em- 
pyrean. This  is  the  system  Dante  follows 
in  his  Paradise. 

Nine  Worthies  (The).  Three  were 
pagans:  Hector,  Alexander,  ami  Jnliui 
Caesar.  Three  were  Jews:  Joshua,  David, 
and  Judas  Maccabaeus.  Three  were 
Christians:  Arthur,  Charlemagne,  and 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon. 

Nine  Worthies  (privy  councillors  to 
William  111.).  Four  were  Whigs: 
Devonshire,  Dorset,  Monmouth,  and 
Edward  Russell.  Five  were  Tories : 
Caermarthen,  Pembroke,  Nottingham, 
Marlborough,  and  Lowther. 

Nine  "Worthies  of  London  ( The) : 
sir  William  Walworth,  sir  Henry  l'rit- 
chard,  sir  William  Sevonoke,  sir  Thomas 
White,  sir  John  Bonham,  Christopher 
Croker,  sir  John  llawkwood,  sir  Hugh 
Caverley,  and  sir  Henry  Maleverer. 

%*  The  chronicles  of  these  nine 
worthies  are  written  in  prose  and  verse 
by  Richard  Johnson  (1592),  author  of 
'The  Seven  Champions  of  Christendom. 

Nineve  (2  si/l.),  the  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
in  Arthurian  romance. 

Then  the  Lady  of  the  Lake,  that  was  al  wan  friend]]  unto 
king  Arthur,  understood  bi  bar  subtle  crafts  thai  in-  was 

like  to  have  been  destroyed  ;  and  so  ll,e  I  ad)  of  the  lake. 

that  bight  Nineve,  came  Into  the  forest  to  s,-,k  sir 
Launcelol  du  lake. — Sir  T.  M;dory,  History  of  J'rince 
Arthur,  II.  57(N70). 

*#*  This  name  occurs  three  times  in 
the  Marie  d' Arthur — once  as  "  Nimue." 

once  as  "  Nineve,"  and  once  as  "  Nini\  e." 
Probably  "Nimue"  ('/.('.)  is  a  clerical 
error. 

Ninon    do    Lenclos,    a    beautiful 

Parisian,   rich,  sf'ritu,  l/e.  and   an  atheist, 

who  abandoned  herself  to  epicurean  n- 
dnlgence,  and  preserved  her  charms  u>  * 


NIOE-E. 


688 


NO  SONG  NO  SUPPER. 


very  advanced  age.  Ninon  de  Lenclos 
renounced  marriage,  and  had  numberless 
lovers.  Her  house  was  the  rendezvous 
of  all  the  most  illustrious  persons  of  the 
period,  as  Moliere,  St.  Evremont,  Fonte- 
nelle,  Voltaire,  and  s \>  on  (1G15-1705). 

Some  never  grow 
Ugly;  for  instance,  Ninon  de  Lenclos. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  v.  98  (1820). 

Niobe  [Ne'.o.by'],  the  beau-ideal  of 
grief.  After  losing  her  twelve  children, 
ahe  was  changed  into  a  stone,  from  which 
ran  water. 

%*  Thr  group  of  "  Niobe  and  her 
Children"  in  Florence,  discovered  at 
Rome  in  1583,  was  the  work  either  of 
P/axit'eles  or  Scopas. 

She  followed  my  poor  father's  body, 
Like  Niolic,  all  tears. 

Shakespeare,  flamlet,  act.  L  sc.  2  (1506). 

Niobe  of  Nations  (The).  Rome  is 
so  called  by  Pvron. — Childe  Harold,  iv. 
79  (1817). 

Nipha'tes  (3  syL).  a  mountain  on  the 
borders  of  Mesopotamia.     It  was  on  this 
mountain  that  Satan    lighted,    when   he 
came  from  the  sun  to  visit  our  earth. 
.  .  .  toward  the  coast  of  earth  beneath, 
Down  from  the  ecliptic,  sped  with  hoped  success  .  .  . 
Nor  stayed  till  on  Niphates'  top  he  lights. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost.  iii.  7J9,  etc.  (1G65). 

Nipper  (Susan),  generally  called 
"  Spitfire,"  from  her  snappish  disposition. 
She  was  the  nurse  of  Florence  Dombey, 
to  whom  she  was  much  attached.  Susan 
Nipper  married  Mr.  Toots  (after  he  had 
got  over  his  infatuation  for  Florence). 

Susan  Nipper  says,  "I  may  wish  to  take  a  voyage  to 
Chaney,  but  1  mayn't  know  how  to  leave  the  Loudon 
Docks." — C.  Dickens,  Jjombei/  and  Son  (1846). 

Nippotate  (4  syl.),  "a  live  lion 
stuffed  with  straw,"  exhibited  in  a  raree- 
show.  So  called  from  the  body  of  a  tame 
hedgehog  exhibited  by  Old  Harry,  a 
notorious  character  in  London  at  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  centurv  (died 
1710). 

Of  monsters  stranger  than  can  be  expressed. 
There's  Nippotate  lies  amongst  the  rest, 

Hat'on  Jficholtt. 

Niquee  [Ne'.kay],  the  sister  of  Anas- 
(erax,  with  whom  she  lived  in  incest. 
The  fairy  Zorphee  was  her  godmother, 
ard  enchanted  her,  in  order  to  break  off 
this  connection.  —  Vasco  de  Lobeira, 
Amadis  de  Gaul  (thirteenth  century). 

Nisroch  [Niz'.rok],  "of  principalities 
the  prince."  A  god  of  the  Assyrians. 
In  the  book  of  Aim/::  the  "  Seventy  "  call 
him  "  Meserach,"  and  in  Isaiah  "Nasa- 
rach."  Josephus  calls  him  "Araskfs." 
One  cf  the  rebel  angels  in  Milton's 
Paradise  Lost.     He  says  : 


Sense  of  pleasure  we  may  well 
Spare  out  of  life,  perhaps,  and  not  repine. 
But  lire  content,  which  is  the  calmest  life ; 
But  pain  is  perfect  misery,  the  worst 
Of  evils,  and,  excessive,  overturns 
All  patience. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  vi.  459,  etc.  (1865). 

Nit,  one  of  the  attendants  of  queen 
Mab. 

Hop.  and  Mop,  and  Drap  so  clear, 
Pip.  and  Trip,  and  Skip,  that  were 
To  Mab  their  sovereign  dear — 

Her  special  maids  of  honour. 
Fib.  and  Tib,  and  Pinck,  and  Pin, 
Tick,  and  Quick,  and  Jill,  and  Jin, 
Tit.  and  Nit.  and  Wap,  and  Win— 

The  train  that  wait  upon  her. 

Drayton,  Aymphidia  (1568-1631). 

Nixon  (Christal),  agent  to  Mr. 
Edward  Redgauntlet  the  Jacobite. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  liedyaunttet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Nixon  (Martha),  the  old  nurse  of  the 
earl  of  Oxford.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

No  One  (Cwsar  or).  Julius  &e«at 
said,  "Aut  Gesar  ant  nullus."  And 
again,  "  I  would  sooner  be  first  in  a 
village  than  second  at  Rome." 

Milton  makes  Satan  say,  "  Better  to 
reign  in  hell  than  serve  in  heaven." 

Jonathan  Wild  used  to  say,  "  I'd  rather 
stand  on  the  top  of  a  dunghill  than  at  the 
bottom  of  a  hill  in  paradise." 

Tennvson  savs,  "All  in  all  or  not  at 
aLL"— Idylls  (""Vivien"). 

"  Six  thrice  or  three  dice"  (aces  were 
called  dice,  and  did  not  count). 

No  Song  no  Supper,  a  musical 
drama  by  Prince  Hoare,  F.S.A.  (1790). 
Crop  the  farmer  has  married  a  second 
wife  called  Dorothy,  who  has  an  amiable 
weakness  for  a  rascally  lawyer  named 
Endless.  During  the  absence  of  her 
husband,  Dorothy  provides  a  supper  for 
Endless,  consisting  of  roast  lamb  and  a 
cake;  but  just  as  the  lawyer  sits  down 
to  it,  Crop,  with  Margaretta,  knocks  at 
the  door.  Endless  is  concealed  in  a  sack, 
and  the  supper  is  carried  away.  Pre- 
sently, Robin  the  sweetheart  of  Margaretta 
arrives,  and  Crop  regrets  there  is  nothing 
but  bread  and  cheese  to  offer  him.  Mar- 
garetta now  volunteers  a  song,  the  first 
verse  of  which  tells  Crop  there  is  roast 
lamb  in  the  house,  which  is  accordingly 
produced  ;  the  second  verse  tells  hiro 
there  is  a  cake,  which  is  produced  also  ; 
and  the  third  verse  tells  him  that  Endless 
is  concealed  in  a  sack.  Had  there,  been 
no  song  there  would  have  been  no  supper, 
but  the  song  produced  the  roast  lamb  and 
new  cake. 


NOAH'S  WIFE. 


089 


NORLAND. 


Noah's  Wife,  Walla  (3  s</l.),  who 
endeavoured  to  persuade  the  people  that 
her  husband  was  distraught. 

The    wife    of    Noah    [  IPdUa]    and    the    wife    of    Lot 

tWdheta]wm  both  unbelievers  .  .  .  and  deceived  their 
usbanda  .  .  .  and  it  shall  be  aald  to  them  at  the  List  day, 
"  Enter  ye  into  hell  fire."— Sale,  Al  lionln.  Ixvi. 

Nobbs,  the  horse  of  "Dr.  Dove  of 
Doncaster." — Southey,  The  Doctor  (1834). 

Noble  {The),  Charles  III.  of  Navarre 
(1361,  1387-1425). 

Soliman,  Tchelibi,  the  Turk  (died 
1410). 

%*  Khosrou  or  Chosroes  I.  was  called 
"The  Noble  Soul"  (*,  531-579). 

Nodel,  the  lion,  in  the  beast-epic 
called  lieynard  the  Fax.  Nodel,  the  lion, 
represents  the  regal  element  of  Germany ; 
Iscngrin,  the  wolf,  represents  the  baronial 
element  ;  and  Revnard,  the  fox,  the 
Church  element  (1498). 

Noel  {Eusebe),  schoolmaster  of  Bout 
du  Monde.  "  His  clothes  are  old  and 
worn,  and  his  manner  vacant"  (act  i.  2). 
— E.  Stirling,  The  Gold- Mine  or  Miller  of 
Grenoble  (1854). 

NoggS  {Newman),  Ralph  Nickleby's 
clerk.  A  tall  man,  of  middle  age,  with 
two  goggle  eyes  (one  of  which  was 
fixed),  a  rubicund  nose,  a  cadaverous 
face,  and  a  suit  of  clothes  decidedly  the 
worse  for  wear.  He  had  the  gift  of  dis- 
torting and  cracking  his  finger-joints. 
This  kind-hearted,  dilapidated  fellow 
"  kept  his  hunter  and  hounds  once,"  but 
ran  through  his  fortune.  He  discovered 
a  plot  of  old  Ralph,  which  he  confided  to 
the  Cheery ble  brothers,  who  frustrated  it 
and  then  provided  for  Newman.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nicldeby  (1838). 

Noko'mis,  mother  of  Weno'nah,  and 
grandmother  of  Hiawatha.  Nikomis 
was  the  daughter  of  the  Moon.  While 
she  was  swinging  one  day,  some  of  her 
companions,  out  of  jealousy,  cut  the  ropes, 
and  she  fell  to  earth  in  a  meadow.  The 
same  night  her  first  child,  a  daughter, 
was  born,  and  was  named  Wenonah. 

There  among  the  ferns  and  mosses  .  .  . 
Fail  Nokomla  l»>ru  a  daughter, 
And  she  called  her  name  Wenonah. 

Longfellow,  Iliuwatlm.  ill.  (185.r>). 

Non  Mi  Ricordo,  the  usual 
answer  of  the  Italian  courier  and  other 
Italian  witnesses  when  on  examination  at 
the  trial  of  queen  Charlotte  (the  wife  of 
George  IV.),  in  1820. 

The  Italian  witnesses  often  created  amusement,  when 
under  elimination,  hy  the  frequent  answer.  "  Non  mi 
ricordo. ' — C'am'U'3   llutury   uj    Ltij/tana,    VII.    iv.    16 


"Lord  Flint,"  in  Such  Tlumjs  Are,  by 
Mrs.  Inchbald  (1786),  when  asked  a 
question  he  wished  to  evade,  used  to 
reply,  "My  people  know,  no  doubt,  but 
I  cannot  recollect." 

"  Pierre  Choppard,"  in  The  Courier  of 
Lyons,  by  Edward  Stirling  (1852),  wherj 
asked  an  ugly  question,  always  answered, 
"  I'll  ask  my  wife,  my  memory's  so 
slippery." 

The  North  American  society  called  the 
"  Know  Nothings,"  founded  in  1853,  used 
to  reply  to  every  question  about  them- 
selves, "  I  know  nothing  about  it." 

Nona'cris'  Stream,  the  river 
Styx,  in  Arcadia.  Cassander  says  he 
has  in  a  phial  some  of  this  "horrid 
spring,"  one  drop  of  which,  mixed  with 
wine,  would  act  as  a  deadly  poison.  To 
this  Polyperchon  replies  : 

I  know  its  power,  for  1  have  seen  it  tried. 
Pains  of  all  sorts  thro'  every  nerve  and  artery 
At  once  it  scatters.— hums  at  once  and  freeze*.  - 
Till,  by  extremity  of  torture  forced, 
The  soul  consents  to  leave  her  joyless  home. 

N.  Lee.  Alexander  tlie  urent.  iv.  1  (1678). 

Nonentity  {Dr.),  a  metaphysician, 
and  thought  by  most  people  to  be  a  pro- 
found scholar.  He  generally  spreads 
himself  before  the  fire,  sucks  his  pipe, 
talks  little,  drinks  much,  and  is  reckoned 
verv  good  company.  You  may  know  him 
by  his  long  grey  wig,  and  the  blue  hand- 
kerchief round  his  neck. 

Dr.  Nonentity,  I  am  told,  writes  indexes  to  perfection, 
makes  essays,  and  reviews  any  work  with  a  single  day'i 
warning.— ^Goldsmith,  A  citizen  o/  the  World,  uix. 
(1759). 

Nones  and  Ides  (each  1  syl.). 

On  March  the  7th,  June,  July, 
October,  too,  the  Nones  you  spy  ; 
Except  in  these,  those  Nones  appear 
On  the  5th  day  of  all  the  year. 
If  to  the  Nones  you  add  an  B, 
Of  all  the  Ides  you'll  rind  the  date. 

Hence  we  have  the  15th  for  the  Ides  ot 
March,  June,  July,  and  October;  and  the 
13th  for  every  other  month. 

~Nov\>ert{Fathcr),  Pierre  Parisot  Nbr» 
bcrt,  the  French  missionary  (l(3t>7— 17Gi>) 

Norfolk  Street  (Strand),  with 
Arundel,  Surrey,  and  Howard  Streets, 
occupy  the  site  of  the  house  anil  grounds 
of  the  Howards  (earls  of  Arundel  and 
Surrey). 

Norland  {Lord),  father  of  lady 
Eleanor  Irwin,  and  guardian  of  lady 
Ramble  (Miss  Maria  Wooburn).  lie 
disinherited  his  daughter  for  marrying 
against  his  will,  and  left  her  to  starve. 
but  subsequently  relented,  and  relieved 
her  wants  and  those  of  her  young  hua> 
2  t 


NORMA. 


690 


NORTHERN  WAGGONER. 


band. — InchbalJ,   Every    One    has    His 
Fault  (1794). 

Norma,  a  vestal  who  had  been 
seduced,  and  discovers  her  paramour 
trying  to  seduce  a  sister  vestal.  In 
despair,  she  contemplates  the  murder  of 
her  base-born  children. — Bellini,  Nortna 
(1831)  ;  libretto  by  Romani. 

Norman,  forester  of  sir  William 
Ashton  lord-keeper  of  Scotland. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bride  of  Lammerinoor  (time, 
William  III.). 

Norman,  a  "  sea-captain,"  in  love 
with  Violet  the  ward  of  lady  Arundel. 
It  turns  out  that  this  Norman  is  her 
ladyship's  son  by  her  first  husband,  and 
heir  to  the  title  and  estates ;  but  lady 
Arundel,  having  married  a  second  hus- 
band, had  a  son  named  Percy,  whom  she 
wished  to  make  her  heir.  Norman's 
father  was  murdered,  and  Norman,  who 
was  born  three  days  afterwards,  was 
brought  up  by  Onslow,  a  village  priest. 
At  the  age  of  14  he  went  to  sea,  and 
became  captain  of  a  man-of-war.  Ten 
years  later,  he  returned  to  Arundel,  and 
though  at  first  his  mother  ignored  him, 
and  Percy  flouted  him,  his  noble  and 
generous  conduct  disarmed  hostility,  and 
he  not  only  reconciled  his  half-brother, 
but  won  his  mother's  affection,  and 
married  Violet,  his  heart's  "  sweet  sweet- 
ing."—  Lord  Lyttou,  27ie  Sea-Captain 
(1839). 

Norman-nan-Ord  or  Norman  of 
the  Hammer,  one  of  the  eight  sons  of 
'lorquil  of  the  Oak. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

.Normandy  (The  Gem  of),  Emma, 
daughter  of  Richard  I.  (died  1052). 

Noma  of  the  Fitful  Head, 
"  The  Reimkennar."  Her  real  name  was 
Ulla  Troil,  but  after  her  seduction  by 
Basil  Mertoun  (Vaughan),  and  the  birth 
of  a  son  named  Clement  Cleveland  (the 
future  pirate),  she  changed  her  name. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  novel,  Noma 
gradually  recovered  her  senses.  She  was 
the  aunt  of  Minna  and  Brenda  Troil. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  'The  Pirate  (time,  William 
III.). 

[One]  cannot  fail  to  trace  In  Noma— the  victim  of  re- 
p,orse  and  insanity,  and  the  dupe  of  her  own  imposture, 
h.'T  mind  too  flooded  with  all  the  wild  literature  and 
extravagant  superstitions  of  the  north— something  distinct 
from  the  Dumfriesshire  gipsy,  whose  pretensions  to  super- 
natural powers  are  not  beyond  those  of  a  Norwood 
proplieteda,— TA4  /'irate  (Introduction,  18-1). 

Norris,   a   family    to    win  m  Martin 


Chuzzlewit  was  introduced  while  he  wai 
in  America.  They  were  friends  of  Mr. 
Bevan,  rabid  abolitionists,  and  yet 
hankering  after  titles  as  the  gilt  of  the 
gingerbread  of  life. — C.  Dickens,  Martin 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Norris  (Black),  a  dark,  surlv  man 
and  a  wrecker.  He  wanted  to  marry 
Marian,  "the  daughter"  of  Robert  (also 
a  wrecker)  ;  but  Marian  was  betrothed  to 
Edward,  a  young  sailor.  Robert,  being 
taken  up  for  murder,  was  condemned  to 
death  ;  but  Norris  told  Marian  he  would 
save  his  life  if  she  would  promise  to 
marry  him.  Marian  consented,  but  'was 
saved  by  the  arrest  of  Black  Norris  for 
murder.  —  S.  Knowles,  The  Daughter 
(1830). 

North.  (Christopher),  pseudonym  of 
John  Wilson,  professor  of  moral  philo- 
sophy, Edinburgh,  editor  of  Blackwood's 
Magazine,  in  which  appeared  the  "Noctes 
Ambrosianaj"  (1805-1801). 

North  (Lord),  one  of  the  judges  in  the 
State  trial  of  Geoffrey  Peveril,  Julian, 
and  the  dwarf,  for  being  concerned  in  the 
popish  plot. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

North  Britain,  Scotland. 

North  Britain  (The),  a  radical  periodi- 
cal, conducted  by  John  Wilkes.  The 
celebrated  number  of  this  serial  was  No. 
45,  in  which  the  ministers  are  charged 
"with  putting  a  lie  in  the  king's  mouth." 

Northampton,  a  contraction  of 
North-Avon-tuun  (Northavonton),  the 
town  on  the  north  of  the  Avon  (Nen). 
As  Drayton  says,  "  Nen  was  Avon 
called." — Polyolbion,  xxiii.  (1022). 

Northamptonshire  Poet  (The), 
John  Clare  (1793-1804). 

Northern  Harlot  (The),  Elizabeth 
Petrowna,  empress  of  Russia  ;  also  called 
"  The  Infamous  "  (1709-1701). 

Northern  "Waggoner,  Ursa  majoi 
or  Charles's  waggon,  a  corruption  of  the 
churl's  waggon.  It  contains  seven  large 
stars,  designated  by  the  Greek  letters, 
a,  /9,  -v,  o,  e,  C.  i-  The  first  four  form  the 
waggon  and  the  rest  the  pole  or  shaft. 
The  driver  of  the  team  is  Bootes. 

By  this  the  northern  wagoner  has  set 

His  sevenfold  team  behind  the  steadfast  star  [tin  pol*-Uar4 

That  was  in  ocean  waves  yet  never  wet. 

But  firm  is  fixed,  and  sendeth  light  from  far 

To  all  that  on  the  wide  deep  wandering  are. 

Spenser,  Ftwry  QiMM,  I.  it.  1  (IW> 


NORUMBEGA. 


691 


NOTTINGHAM. 


Norumbe'ga,  a  province  of  North 
America. 

Now  from  the  north 
Of  NorumlieiKi  and  the  Bamoed  shore  .   .  . 
Boreas  and  Cascias,  and  Argestes  loud. 
And  Turascias  rend  the  woods,  and  seas  upturn. 

Milton.  Paradise  Lott,  %.  6i»5  (1665). 

%*  "Samoed  shore,"  the  shore  con- 
tiguous to  the  frozen  ocean  ;  "  Boreas," 
north  wind  ;  "  Ca;cias,"  north-west  wind; 
••  Argestes,"  north-east  wind;  "Thras- 
cias,"  wind  from  Thrace. 

Norval  {Old),  a  shepherd,  who  brings 
up  ladv  Randolph's  son  (Douglas)  as  his 
own.  He  was  hidden  at  birth  in  a  basket, 
because  sir  Malcolm  (her  father)  hated 
Douglas,  whom  she  had  privately  mar- 
ried. The  child  being  found  by  old 
Norval,  was  brought  up  as  his  own,  but 
the  old  man  discovered  that  the  foundling 
was  "  sir  Malcolm's  heir  and  Douglas's 
son."  When  18  years  old,  the  foster-son 
saved  the  life  of  lord  Randolph.  Lady 
Randolph  took  great  interest  in  the  young 
man,  and  when  old  Norval  told  her  his 
tale,  she  instantly  perceived  that  the 
young  hero  was  in  fact  her  own  son. 

Pathos  rendered  the  voice  of  William  Bensley  1173*- 
18171  in  "Old  Norval"  rugged  as  well  us  repulsive;  and 
he  never,  as  to  his  feet,  either  stood  or  walked  with  the 
oharacter  "f  use.  HU  helpless  action  had  a  character  ol 
restrained  vigour;  lie  implored  pity  in  the  noisy  shout 
of  defiance.— Boaden. 

Young  Norval,  the  infant  exposed,  and 
brought  up  by  the  old  shepherd  as  his 
own  son.  He  turned  out  to  be  sir  Mal- 
colm's heir.  His  mother  was  lady  Ran- 
dolph, and  his  father  lord  Douglas,  her 
lirst  husband.  Young  Norval,  having 
saved  the  life  of  lord  Randolph,  was 
given  by  him  a  commission  in  the  army. 
Glenalvon,  the  heir-presumptive  of  lord 
Randolph,  hated  the  new  favourite,  and 
persuaded  his  lordship  that  the  young 
ni.ui  was  too  familiar  with  lady  Randolph. 
Being  waylaid,  Norval  was  attacked,  slew 
Glenalvon,  but  was  in  turn  slain  by  lord 
Randolph.  After  the  death  of  Norval. 
lord  Randolph  discovered  that  he  had 
killed  the  son  of  his  wife  by  a  former 
marriage.  The  mother,  in  her  distrac- 
tion, threw  herself  headlong  from  a  lofty 
precipice,  and  lord  Randolph  went  to  the 
war  then  raging  between  Denmark  and 
Scotland.— J.  Home,  Douglas  (1767). 

(This  was  a  favourite  character  with 
John  Kemble,  1757-1823.) 

Henry  Johnston  selected  "Young  Norval"  for  his 
maiden  part  His  youthful  form  and  handsome  expres- 
iiw  countenance  won  for  him  universal  approbation. 
Previously  the  young  shepherd  had  been  dressed  In  the 
trews  and  Scotch  lacket;  bul  when  Johnston  appeared  In 
foil  Highland  costume,  kilt,  breastplate,  shield, 
and  Unmet,  Ibe  whole  house  rose  i  «  matte,  and  s.u-h  a 
reception  was  never  witnessed  within  the  walls  "t  a 
provincial  theme  before.— W.  Donaldson.  BucotUetitmi. 


Norway  {Tlic  Fair  Maid  of),  Mar- 
garet, granddaughter  of  Alexander  III. 

of  Scotland.  She  died  (1290)  of  sea- 
sickness on  her  passage  from  Norway  to 
Scotland.  Her  father  was  Kric  II.  king 
of  Norway,  and  her  mother  was  Margaret 
only  daughter  of  Alexander  III. 

Nose  {Golden),  Tycho  Brehg,  the 
Danish  astronomer.  Having  lost  :os  noso 
in  a  duel  with  one  Passberg,  he  adopted 
a  golden  one,  and  attached  it  to  his  face 
by  a  cement  which  he  carried  about  with 
him. 

That  eminent  man  who  had  a  golden  nose.  Tycho 
Brahe,  lost  his  nose  in  a  duel,  and  a  golden  one  w.li 
supplied,  which  gave  him  the  appearance  of  a  wizard.— 
Marryat,  Jutland  and  the  Danish  Islts,  305. 

Nosebag  (Mrs.),  wife  of  a  lieutenant 
in  the  dragoons.  She  is  the  inquisitive 
travelling  companion  of  Wawrley  when 
he  travels  by  stage  to  London.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Wavc'rlcij  (time,  George  II.). 

Nosey  (Play  up)  •'  This  exclamation 
was  common  in  our  theatres  in  the  days 
of  Macklin,  etc.  M.  Nozay  was  the 
leader  of  the  orchestra  in  Covent  Garden 
Theatre. 

*#*  Some  persons  affirm  that  "Old 
Nosey"  was  Cervetto,  the  violoncello 
player  at  Drnry  Lane  (1753),  and  say 
that  he  was  so  called  from  his  long  nose. 

Napoleon  III.  was  nicknamed  Qrosbec 
("  Nosey"). 

Nosnot-Bocai  [Bo'.ky],  prince  of 
purgatory. 

Sir.  I  last  night  received  command 
To  see  you  OUt  Of   Fairyland 
Into  the  realm  .>f  NosnOt-BocaL 

King,  Orpheus  and  EurydUe. 

Nostrada'mus  (Michael),  an  as- 
trologer of  the  sixteenth  century,  who 
published  an  annual  Almanac  and  a  AV- 
cueil  of  Prophecies,  in  verse  (lo(J3-15G6). 

Nostrada'mus  of  Portugal,  Gon- 
calo  Annus  Bandarra,  a  poet-cobbler, 
whose  career  was  stopped,  in  1550,  by  the 
Inquisition. 

Nottingham  (77i<?  countess  of),  a 
quondam  sweetheart  of  the  carl  of  Essex, 
and  his  worst  enemy  when  she  heard  that 
lie  had  married  the  countess  of  Rutland. 
The  queen  sent  her  to   the  Tower  to   a-k 

Essex  if  he  bad  no  petition  to  make,  and 
the  earl  requested  her  to  take  hack  a  ring, 
which  the  queen  had  given  him  as  a  pledge 

Of  mercy  in  time  of  Deed.  As  the  coun- 
tess out  ol  jealousy  forbore  to  deliver  it, 
the  earl  was  executed.  —  Henry  Jones, 
The  Earl  of  Essex  (1745). 


NOTTINGHAM  LAMBS. 


692 


NOURONIIIAR. 


Nottingham  Lambs  {The),  the 
Nottingham  roughs. 

Nottingham  Poet  (Tlie),  Philip 
James  Bailey,  the  author  of  Festus,  etc. 
(1816-         ). 

No'tus,  the  south  wind ;  Afer  is  the 
south-west  /vind. 

Notus  and  Afer,  black  with  thundrous  clouds. 

Milton,  Paradue  Loit.  x.  7U2  (1665). 

Noukhail,  the  angel  of  day  and 
night. 

The  day  and  night  are  trusted  to  my  care.  I  hold  the 
day  in  my  right  hand,  and  the  night  in  iny  left;  and  I 
maintain  the  just  equilibrium  between  them,  fur  if  either 
were  to  overbalance  the  other,  the  universe  would  either 
be  consumed  by  the  heat  of  the  sun,  or  would  perish  with 
the  cold  of  darkness. — Cointe  de  Caylus,  Oricnud  Taint 
("  History  of  Abdal  Motallab,"  17-43). 

Nouman  (Suli),  an  Arab  who  married 
Amine,  a  very  beautiful  woman,  who  ate 
her  rice  with  a  bodkin.  Sidi,  wishing  to 
know  how  his  wife  could  support  life  and 
health  without  more  food  than  she  par- 
took of  in  his  presence,  watched  her 
narrowly,  and  discovered  that  she  was  a 
ghoul,  who  went  by  stealth  every  night 
and  feasted  on  the  fresh-buried  dead. 
When  Sidi  made  this  discovery,  Amino 
changed  him  into  a  dog.  After  he  was 
restored  to  his  normal  shape,  he  changed 
Amine  into  a  marc,  which  every  day  lie 
rode  almost  to  death. — Arabian  Nights 
("  History  of  Sidi  Nouman"). 

Your  majesty  knows  that  ghouls  of  either  sex  are 
demons  which  wander  about  the  fields.  They  commonly 
inhabit  ruinous  buildings,  whence  they  Issue  suddenly  on 
unwary  travellers,  whom  they  kill  anil  devour.  If  they 
fail  to  meet  with  travellers,  they  go  by  night  into  burying- 
grounds,  and  dig  up  dew)  bodies,  ou  which  they  feed.— 
"  History  of  Sidi  Nouman." 

Noureddin,  son  of  Khacan  (vizier 
of  Zinebi  king  of  Balsora).  He  got 
possession  of  the  "beautiful  Persian" 
purchased  for  the.  king.  At  his  father's 
death  he  soon  squandered  away  his  patri- 
mony in  the  wildest  extravagance,  and 
fled  with  his  beautiful  slave  to  Bagdad. 
Here  he  encountered  Haroun  Alrascbid 
in  disguise,  and  so  pleased  the  caliph. 
that  he  was  placed  in  the  number  of 
those  courtiers  most  intimate  with  his 
majesty,  who  also  bestowed  on  him  so 
plentiful  a  fortune,  that  he  lived  with  the 
"beautiful  Persian"  in  affluence  all  the 
rest  of  his  life. — Arabian  Nights  ("Nou- 
reddin  and  the  Beautiful  Persian"). 

Nour'eddin'  Ali,  younger  son  of 
the  vizier  of  Egypt.  "  He  was  possessed 
of  as  much  merit  as  can  fall  to  the  lot  of 
man."  Having  quarrelled  with  his  elder 
brother,  he  travelled  to  Baso'ra,  where  he 
married  the  vi/.ier's  daughter,  and  suc- 
ceeded his  father-in-law  in  office.     A  son 


was  born  to  him  in  due  time,  and  on  the 
very  same  day  the  wife  of  his  elder 
brother  had  a  daughter.  Noureddin 
died  when  his  son  was  barely  twenty  and 
unmarried. — Arabian  Nights  ("  Noureddin 
Ali,"  etc.). 

Nourgehan's  Bracelet.  Nourge- 
han  emperor  of  the  Moguls  had  a  brace- 
let which  had  the  property  of  discovering 
poison,  even  at  a  considerable  distance. 
When  poison  was  anywhere  near  the 
wearer,  the  stones  of  the  bracelet  seemed 
agitated,  and  the  agitation  increased  as 
the  poison  approached  them. — Comte  de 
Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  ("The  Four  Talis- 
mans," 1743). 

Nour'jahad,  a  sleeper,  like  Kip 
van  Winkle,  Epimen'ides,  etc.  (See 
Sleepkks.) 

Nourjeham  ("light  of  the  ww/d"). 
So  the  sultana  Nourmahal  was  subse- 
quentlv  called. — T.  Moore,  Lalla  Jioukh 
("The"  Light  of  the  Ilaram,"  1817). 

Nourmahal'  (The  sultana),  i.e. 
"  Light  of  the  Ilaram,"  afterwards  called 
Nourjehan  ("light  of  the  world").  She 
was  for  a  season  estranged  from  the  sul- 
tan, till  he  gave  a  grand  banquet,  at  which 
she  appeared  in  disguise  as  a  lute-player 
and  singer.  The  sultan  was  so  enchanted 
with  her  performance,  that  he  exclaimed, 
"If  Nourmahal  had  BO  played  and  sung, 
I  could  forgive  her  all  ;"  whereupon  the 
sultana  threw  off  her  mask,  and  Selim 
"caught  her  to  his  heart." — T.  Moure, 
Lalla  Rookh  ("The  Light  of  the  Ilaram," 
1817). 

Nouron'ihar,  daughter  of  the  emu 
Fakreddin  ;  a  laughing,  beautiful  girl, 
full  of  fun  and  pretty  mischief,  dotingly 
fond  of  Gulchenrouz,  her  cousin,  a  boy  of 
13.  She  married  the  caliph  Vathek,  with 
whom  she  descended  into  the  abyss  of 
Eblis,  whence  she  never  after  returned  to 
the  light  of  day. 

The  trick  she  played  Bababalouk  was 
this  :  Vathek  the  caliph  was  on  a  visit  to 
Fakreddin  the  emir',  and  Bababalouk  his 
chief  eunuch  intruded  into  the  bath-room, 
where  Nouronihar  and  her  damsels  were 
bathing.  Nouronihar  induced  the  old 
eunuch  to  rest  himself  awhile  on  the 
swing,  when  the  girls  set  it  going  with 
all  tlieir  might.  The  cords  broke,  the 
eunuch  fell  into  the  bath,  the  girls  made 
off  with  their  lamps,  and  left  the  meddle- 
some old  fool  to  flounder  about  till 
morning,  when  assistance  came,  but  net 


NOUKOUNNIHAK. 


693 


NUMBER  NIT. 


before  he  was  half  dead. — W.  Beckford, 
Vathck  (1784). 

Nouroun'nihar,  niece  of  a  sultan 
of  Jndia,  who  had  three  sons  all  in  love 
with  her.  The  sultan  said  he  would  give 
sher  to  him  who,  in  twelve  months,  ga/e 
him  the  most  valuable  present.  The 
three  princes  met  in  a  certain  inn  at  the 
expiration  of  the  time,  when  one  prince 
looked  through  a  tube,  which  showed 
Nourounnihar  at  the  point  of  death ; 
another  of  the  brothers  transported  all 
three  instantaneously  on  a  magic  carpet  to 
the  princess's  chamber ;  and  the  third 
brother  gave  her  an  apple  to  smell  of, 
which  effected  an  instant  cure.  It  was 
impossible  to  decide  which  of  these 
presents  was  the  most  valuable  ;  so  the 
sultan  said  he  should  have  her  who  shot 
an  arrow  to  the  greatest  distance.  The 
eldest  (Iloussain)  shot  first ;  Ali  overshot 
the  arrow  of  his  elder  brother ;  but  that 
of  the  youngest  brother  (Ahmed)  could 
DOWhere  be  found.  So  the  award  was 
given  to  Ali. — Arabian  Nijhts  ("Ahmed 
and  Pari-Banou  "). 

Novel  {Father  of  the  English ) .  Henry 
Fielding  is  so  called  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(1707-1754). 

November  or  Blot-monath,  i.e. 
"  blood  month,"  meaning  the  month  in 
which  oxen,  sheep,  and  swine  were 
slaughtered,  and  afterwards  salted  down 
for  winter  use.  Some  idea  may  be  formed 
of  the  enormous  stores  provided,  from 
the  fact  that  the  elder  Spencer,  in  i;>_>7, 
when  the  season  was  over,  had  a  surplus, 
in  May,  of  "80  salted  beeves,  500  bacons, 
and  MO  muttons."  In  Chichester  the 
October  fair  is  called  "Slo-fair,"  i.e. 
the  fair  when  beasts  were  sold  for  the 
slaughter  of  Blot-month  (Old  English, 
alean  sldh,  "  to  slaughter  "). 

Noven'dial  Ashes,  the  ashes  of 
the  dead  just  consigned,  or  about  to  be 
consigned,  to  the  grave.  The  Romans 
kept  the  body  seven  days,  burnt  it  on  the 
eighth,  and  buried  the  ashes  on  the 
ninth. 

A  Noven'dial  holiday,  nine  days  set 
apart  by  the  Romans,  in  expiation  of  a 
shower  of  stones. 

Noven'siles  (4  syl.),  the  nine  Sabine 
god*  :  vis.,  Hercules,  Romulus,  FCscu- 
lapius,   Bacchus,   /EnSas,   Vesta,    Santa, 

Ecrtuna,  and  Fidgs  or  Faith.     (See  Nink 
Gods  of  the  Etruscans.) 

Novit  (Mr.  Nichil)    the  lawyer  of  the 


old  laird  of  Dumbiedikes. — Six  W.  Sc  >tt, 
Heart  of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Novius,  the  usurer,  famous  for  the 
loudness  of  his  voice. 

...  at  lilc  si  plaustra  durenta 
Concnrnuit.|iK'  flora  tri  i  funera  nuiK'ia  aonabit 
Cornua  quod  vincatque  tubas. 

Horace.  Sittrrt.  L  6. 
These  people  seem  to  be  of  the  race  of  Novlin.  that 
Roman  banker,  whose  voice  ex<  ceded  the  DoiM  of  Canaan 
— Ltaage,  Uil  Dliu,  vii.  18  (1730). 

Now-now  (Old  Anthony),  an  itine- 
rant fiddler.  The  character  is  a  skit  on 
Anthony  Monday,  the  dramatist.—  Chettle, 
Kindheart's  Dream  (lb'J2). 

Nuath  (2  syl.),  father  of  Lathmon 
and  Oith'ona  (q.v.). — Ossian,  Oithona. 

Nubbles  (jlfrs.),  a  poor  widow  woman, 
who  was  much  given  to  going  to  Little 
Bethel. 

Christopher  or  Kit  Nubbles,  her  son,  the 
servant  in  attendance  on  little  Nell, 
whom  he  adored.  After  the  death  of 
little  Nell,  Kit  married  Barbara,  a  l\  How- 
servant. — C.  Dickens,  The  Old  Ouriosita 
Shop  (1840). 

Nudio'si,  small  stones,  which  pre- 
vent the  sight  of  those  who  carry  them 
about  their  person  from  waxing  dim. 
They  will  even  restore  the  sight  after  it 
is  lost  or  impaired.  The  more  these 
stones  are  gazed  on,  the  keener  will  be 
the  gazer's  vision.  Prester  John,  in  his 
letter  to  Manuel  Comne'nus  emperor  of 
Constantinople,  says  they  are  found  in 
his  country. 

Nuejget.    The  largest  ever  found  : 

1.  The  Strah  Saiids  nugget,  found  at 
Ballarat.  It  weighed  130  lbs.  troy  or 
15(10  oz.  This,  at  £4  per  ounce,  would 
be  worth  £6240. 

2.  The  Blanche  Barkly  nugget,  dng  np 
at  Kingower.  It  weighed  145  lbs.,  and 
was  worth  £6960. 

3.  The  Welcome  nugget,  found  at  Bal- 
larat. It  weighed  1X4  lbs.,  and  was  sold 
for  £10,000.  This  was  the  largest  eTcr 
found. 

%*  The  first  nugget  was  discovered  in 
New  South  Wales,  in  1851  ;  the  next  in 
Victoria,  in  1852.  The  former  of  these 
two  weighed  a  hundredweight,  and  was 
purchased  of  a  shepherd  for  £10. 

Nulla  Fides  Fronti. 

Than  is  no  art 
To  find  the  mind's  construction  In  the  fncr. 

Shakespeare,  VacbsU,  acl  i.  s.-.  4(iko;), 
Number    Nip,    the    name    of    the 
gnome  kin-  of   the  Giant  Mountains. — 
Mua.eus,  Popular  Talcs  (1782). 


NUMBERS. 


694 


NUTSHELL. 


%*  Musseus  was  a  German,  uncle  of 
Kotzebue  (died  1788). 

Numbers.  Tbe  symbolism  of  the 
first  thirteen  numbers : 

]  symbolizes  the  unity  of  the  Godhead. 

'J  symbolizes  the  hypostatic  union  of  Christ. 

3  symbolizes  the  Trinity. 

4  symbolizes  the  Evangelists. 

5  symbolizes  the  five  wounds  (two  in  the  hands,  two  in 

the  feet,  and  one  in  the  aide). 

6  is  the  number  of  sin. 

7  is  that  of  the  gifts  of  the  Spirit  {Rev.  1 12).    Seven 

times  Christ  spoke  on  tbe  cross. 

8  is  the  number  of  tbe  beatitudes  [Matt.  v.  3-11). 

9  Is  the  number  of  the  orders  of  angels  {'].«.). 

10  is  the  number  of  the  commandments. 

11  spostles  after  the  loss  of  Judas, 
la  the  original  apostolic  college 

13  tbe  complete  apostolic  college,  after  the  call  of  St 
Paul. 

Nlin,  the  fish  on  which  the  faithful 
feed  in  paradise.  The  lobes  of  its  liver 
will  suffice  for  70,000  men.  The  ox 
provided  for  them  is  called  Balam. 

Nun's  Tale  (The),  the  tale  of  the 
cock  and  the  fox.  One  day,  dan  Russell, 
the  fox,  came  into  the  poultry-yard,  and 
told  Master  Chanteclere  he  could  not 
resist  the  pleasure  of  hearing  hint  sing, 
for  his  voice  was  so  divinely  ravishing. 
The  cock,  pleased  with  this  flattery,  shut 
bis  eyes,  and  began  to  crow  most  lustily; 
whereupon  dan  Russell  seized  him  by  the 
throat,  and  ran  off  with  him.  When 
they  got  to  the  wood,  the  cock  said  to 
the  fox,  "  I  would  recommend  you  to  eat 
me  at  once,  for  I  think  I  can  hear  your 
pursuers."  "  I  am  going  to  do  so,"  said 
the  fox  ;  but  when  he  opened  his  mouth 
to  reply,  off  flew  the  cock  into  a  tree, 
and  while  the  fox  was  deliberating  how 
he  might  regain  his  prey,  up  came  the 
farmer  and  his  men  with  scythes,  flails, 
and  pitchforks,  with  which  they  de- 
spatched the  fox  without  mercy. — Chau- 
cer, Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

%*  This  fable  is  one  of  those  by  Marie 
of  France,  called  Don  Coc  arid  Don 
Werpil. 

Nun's  Tale  (The  Second).  This  is  the 
tale  about  Maxime  and  the  martyrs 
Valirian  and  Tiburcc.  The  prefect  or- 
dered Maxime  (2  syl.)  to  put  Valirian 
and  Tiburce"  to  death,  because  they 
refused  to  worship  the  image  of  Jupiter  ; 
but  Maxime  showed  kindness  to  the  two 
Christians,  took  them  home,  became  con- 
verted, and  was  baptized.  When  Valirian 
and  TiburcG  were  put  to  death,  Maxime 
declared  that  he  saw  angels  come  and 
carry  them  up  to  heaven,  whereupon  the 
prefect  caused  him  to  be  beaten  to  death 
with  whips  of  lead. — Chaucer,  Canter- 
bury Tales  (1388). 

*#*  This  tale  is  very  similar  to  that 


of  St.  Cecilia  in  the  Legends  Aurea.    Se* 
also  Acts  xvi.  25-34. 

Nupkins,  mayor  of  Ipswich,  a  man 
who  has  a  most  excellent  opinion  of 
himself,  but  who,  in  all  magisterial 
matters,  really  depends  almost  entirely' 
on  Jinks,  his  half-starved  clerk. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Nush'ka  (i.e.  "look I"),  the  cry  of 
young  men  and  maidens  of  North  Ameri- 
can Indian  tribes  when  they  find  a  r&d 
ear  of  maize,  the  symbol  of  wedlock. 

And  whene'er  some  lucky  maiden 
Found  a  red  ear  in  the  husking,  .  .  . 
"  Nushka  1 "  cried  they  altogether ; 
"  Nushka  1  you  shall  have  a  sweetheart. 
You  shall  have  a  handsome  husband  1 " 

Longfeliow.  JJUiwatha,  xiii.  (1855). 

Nut-Brown  Maid  (T?ie),  the  maid 
wooed  by  the  "  banished  man."  The 
"  banished  man "  describes  to  her  the 
hardships  she  would  have  to  undergo  if 
she  married  him  ;  but  finding  that  she 
accounted  these  hardships  as  nothing 
compared  with  his  love,  he  revealed 
himself  to  be  an  earl's  son,  with  large 
hereditary  estates  in  AVestmoreland,  and 
married  her. — Percy,  Reliques,  II. 

This  ballad  is  based  on  tbe  legendary 
history  of  lord  Henry  Clifford,  called  "The 
Shepherd  Lord."  It  was  modernized  by 
Prior,  who  called  his  version  of  the  story 
Henry  and  Emma.  The  oldest  form  of 
the  ballad  extant  is  contained  in  Arnolde's 
Chronicle  (1502). 

Nutshell  (The  Iliad  in  a).  George 
P.  Marsh  tells  us  he  had  seen  the  whole 
Koran  in  Arabic  inscribed  on  a  piece  of 
parchment  four  inches  wide  and  half  an 
inch  in  diameter.  In  any  photographer's 
shop  may  be  seen  a  page  of  the  Times 
newspaper  reduced  to  about  an  inch  long, 
and  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  breadth, 
or  even  to  smaller  dimensions.  Charles 
Toppan,  of  New  York,  engraved  on  a 
plate  one-eighth  of  an  inch  square  12,000 
letters.  The  Iliad  contains  501,930  letters, 
and  would,  therefore,  require  forty-two 
such  plates,  both  sides  being  used.  Huet, 
bishop  of  Avranches,  wrote  eighty  verses 
of  the  Iliad  on  a  space  equal  to  that  occu- 
pied by  a  single  line  of  this  dictionary. 
Thus  written,  2000  lines  more  than  the 
entire  Iliad  might  be  contained  in  one 
page.  The  Toppan  engraving  would  re- 
quire only  one  of  these  columns  for  th* 
entire  Iliad. 

So  that  when  Pliny  (Natural  History, 
vii.  21)  says  the  whole  Iliad  was  written 
on  a  parchment  which  might  be  put  into 
a  nutshell,  we  can  credit  the  possibility, 


NYM.  695 


as,  by  the  Toppan  process,  the  entire  Iliad 
Blight  be  engraved  on  less  than  half  a 
col'unin  of  this  dictionary,  provided  both 
aides  were  used.     (See  Iliad,  p.  408.) 

Nym,  corporal  in  the  army  under 
captain  sir  John  Falstaff,  introduced  in 
The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  and  in 
Henry  P.,  but  not  in  Henry  IV.  It 
seems  that  lieutenant  Peto  had  died,  and 
given  a  step  to  the  officers  under  him. 
Thus  ensign  Pistol  becomes  lieutenant, 
*  corporal  Bardolph  becomes  ensign,  and 
Nym  takes  the  place  of  Bardolph.  He 
ii  an  arrant  rogue,  and  both  he  and 
Bardolph  are  hanged  (Henry  P.).  The 
word  means  to  "  pilfer." 

It  wouM  be  difficult  to  Rive  any  other  reply  Bare  that  of 
corporal  Nym— it  was  tlio  authur's  humour  or  caprice.— 
8ir  W.  Scott. 

Nyrnphid'ia,  a  mock-heroic  by 
Drayton.  The  fairy  Pigwiggen  is  so 
gallant  to  queen  Mab  as  to  arouse  the 
jealousy  of  king  Obcron.  One  day, 
coming  home  and  finding  his  queen 
absent,  Oberon  vows  vengeance  on  the 
gallant,  and  sends  Puck  to  ascertain  the 
whereabouts  of  Mab  and  Pigwiggen.  In 
the  mean  time,  Nymphidia  gives  the 
queen  warning,  and  the  queen,  with  all 
her  maids  of  honour,  creep  into  a  hollow 
nut  for  concealment.  Puck,  coming  up, 
eet9  foot  in  the  enchanted  .circle  which 
Nymphidia  had  charmed,  and,  after 
Btumbling  about  for  a  time,  tumbles  into 
n  ditch.  Pigwiggen  seconded  by  Tomalin, 
encounters  Oberon  seconded  by  Tom 
Thum,  and  the  fight  is  "  both  fast  and 
furious."  Queen  Mab,  in  alarm,  craves 
the  interference  of  Proserpine,  who  first 
envelopes  the  combatants  in  a  thick 
smoke,  which  compels  them  to  desist ; 
and  then  gives  them  a  draught  "to  as- 
suage their  thirst."  The  draught  was 
from  the  river  Lethe  ;  and  immediately 
the  combatants  had  tasted  it,  they  forgot 
not  only  the  cause  of  the  quarrel,  But 
even  that  they  had  quarrelled  at  all. — M. 
Drayton,  Nymphklia  (lo'J3). 

Nysa,  daughter  of  SilSno  and  Mys'is, 
and  sister  of  Daphne.  Justice  Bli'das  is 
in  love  with  her  ;  but  she  loves  Apollo, 
her  father's  guest. — Kane  O'Hara,  Midas 
(1764). 

Nyse,  Doto,  and  Neri'ne,  the 
t\  ree  nereids  who  went  before  the  Beet 
of  VasOO  da  Gama.  When  the  treacherous 
pilot  steered  the  ship  of  Vaseo  towards  a 
sunken  rock,  these  three  sea-nymphs 
lifted  up  the  prow  and  turned  it  round. — 
flauinena.  Lusutd,  ii.  (lotil'L 


OATHS. 


o. 

O  (Our  Lady  of).  The  Virgin  Mary 
is  so  called  in  some  old  Roman  rituals, 
from  the  ejaculation  at  the  beginning  of 
the  seven  anthems  preceding  the  Mag- 
nificat, as:  "O  when  will  the  day  ar- 
rive .  .  .  ?"  "  0  when  shall  I  see  .  .  .  ?" 
"  0  when  .    .  .  ?  "  and  so  or.. 

Oak.  The  Humans  gave  a  crown  cf 
oak  leaves  to  him  who  saved  the  life  of  ■ 
citizen. 

To  a  cruel  war  I  sent  him ;  from  whence  he  returned, 
his  brows  IkmhuI  with  oak. — Shakespeare,  Coriolanis, 
act  i.  sc.  3  (lliOD). 

Oakly  (Major),  brother  to  Mr.  Oakly, 
and  uncle  to  Charles.  He  assists  bis 
brother  in  curing  his  "jealous  wife." 

Mr.  Oakly,  husband  of  the  "jealous 
wife."  A  very  amiable  man,  but  de- 
ficient in  that  Btrength  of  mind  which 
is  needed  to  cure  the  Idiosyncrasy  of 
his  w  ife  ;  so  he  obtains  the  assistance 
of  his  brother,  the  major. 

Mrs.  Oakly,  "  the  jealous  wife"  of  Mr. 
Oakly.  A  woman  of  such  suspicious 
temper,  that  every  remark  of  her  husband 
is  distorted  into  a  proof  of  his  infidelity. 
She  watches  him  like  a  tiger,  and  makes 
both  her  own  and  her  husband's  lde 
utterly  wretched. 

Charles  Oakly,  nephew  of  the  major. 
A  fine,  noble-spirited  young  fellow,  who 
would  never  stand  by  and  see  a  woman 
insulted  ;  but  a  desperate  debauchee  and 
drunkard.  He  aspires  to  the  love  of 
Harriot  Kusset,  whose  influence  over  him 
is  sufficiently  powerful  to  reclaim  him.— 
George  Column,  The  Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Oates  (Dr.  Titns),  the  champion  of 
the  popish  plot. — Sir  \Y.  Scott,  PeverU 
of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Port))  came  the  notorious  Dr.  Dates,  rustling  In  the  full 
,'ilkin  canonical!  of  priesthood,  for  .  .  .  he  •Aatad'  mo 
■mall  dignity  of  exterior  decoration  and  deportment  .  .  . 
His  exterlot  waa  portentous,  a  Beece  of  white  i>eriwiR 
■howed  a  most  uncouth  range,  of  greet  length,  baring  the 
month  .  .  .  placed  In  the  rerj  centre  ol  the  countenance, 
and  exhibiting  to  the  astonlstu  i  mnohchln 

beloe  i   then  »  -  u.    Hi.-,  pronon- 

elatlon  was  after  i  hlon  of  his  own.  In  whlci, 

he  accented  the  roweta  In  •  mannei  ■itogether  peculiar 
to  hou-.lf.-fh.  ill. 

Oaths. 

John  PebrOT,  a  natural  son  of  Henry 
VIII.,  was  the  lirst  to  employ  the  prv>- 
fane  oath  of  God's  Wounds,  which  queen 
Ki.i/..\ri  n i  adopted,  hut  the  ladies  of  he 
court  minced  and  softened  it  into  zounds 
aud  KOHterkku 


OBADDON. 


69d 


OBERTHAL. 


William  the  Conqueror  swore  by 
*he  Splendour  of  God. 

William  Rufus,  by  St.  Luke's  face. 

King  John,  by  God's  Tooth. 

Henry  VIII.,  by  God's  Wounds. 

Charles  II.,  by  Odsfish  [God's  Flefch]. 

Louis  XI.  of  France,  by  God's  Easter. 

Charles  VIII.  of  France,  by  God's 
Lii/ht. 

Louis  XII.,  by  Tlie  Devil  take  me 
(Viable  m'emporte). 

The  chevalier  Bayard,  by  God's  Holy- 

Francois  I.  used  for  asseveration,  On 
the  word' of  a  gentleman. 

Henry  III.  of  England,  when  he  con- 
firmed "Magna  Charta,"  used  the  ex- 
pression, On  the  word  of  a  gentleman,  a 
king,  and  a  knujht. 

Earl  of  Angus  (reign  of  queen  Mary), 
when  incensed,  used  to  say,  By  the  might 
of  God,  but  at  other  times  his  oath  was 
By  St.  Bride  of  Douglas.  —  Godscroft, 
275. 

St.  Winfred  or  Boni'face  used  to 
swear  by  St.  Fetor's  tomb. 

In  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  fancy  oaths 
were  the  fashion.  (For  specimens,  see 
Foitington,  p.  346.) 

The  most  common  oath  of  the  ancient 
Romans  was  By  Hercules  !  for  men ;  and 
By  Castor!  for  women. 

Viri  per  llercalem,  mulieres  per  Castorem,  utrique  per 
I'oUacem  jurare  soliti. — Gellius,  A'octcs  Attica-,  ii.  6. 

Obad'don,  the  angel  of  death.  This 
is  not  the  same  angel  as  Abbad'ona,  one 
of  the  fallen  angels  and  once  the  friend 
of  Ab'diel  (bk.  vi.). 

My  name  is  Ephod  Obaddon  or  Sevenfold  Revenge.  I 
am  an  Angel  of  destruction.  It  was  I  who  destroyed  the 
first-born  of  Egypt.  It  was  I  who  slew  the  army  of  Sen- 
nacherib.— Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  xiii.  (1771). 

Obadi'ah,  "the  foolish  fat  scullion" 
in  Sterne's  novel  of  Tristram  Shandy 
(1759). 

Obadi'ah,  clerk  to  justice  Day.  A  nin- 
compoop, fond  of  drinking,  but  with  just 
a  shade  more  brains  than  Abel  Day,  who 
is  "  a  thorough  ass "  (act  i.  1).  —  T. 
Knight,  The  Honest  Thieves  (died  1820). 

This  farce  is  a  mere  rt'ehauffe'  of  Tiie 
Committee  (1G70),  a  comedy  by  the  Hon. 
sir  R.  Howard,  the  names  and  much  of 
the  conversation  being  identical.  Colonel 
Blunt  is  called  in  the  farce  "  captain 
Manly." 

Every  play-goer  must  have  seen  Munden  [1758-1832]  In 
"Obadiah,"  in  The  Committee  or  Honest  Thieves  ;  if  not, 
they  are  to  be  pitied.— Mrs.  C.  Mathews,  Tea-Table  Talk. 

Munden  was  one  night  playing  "Obadiah,"  and  Jack 
Fnhcstone,  as  "league,"  was  plying  him  with  liquor  from 
n  t.'M.k  bottle.  The  grimaces  of  Munden  were  po  irr,.- 
aLstlLly  comical,  ttiat  not  only  did  the  house  shriek  with 


laughter,  but  Johnstone  himself  was  too  convulsed  to 
proceed.  When  "Obadiah"  was  borne  off,  he  shouted. 
"  Where's  the  villain  that  filled  that  bottle?  Lamp  oil  I 
lamp  oil  I  every  d  nip  of  it!"  The  fact  is,  the  property- 
man  had  given  the  bottle  of  lamp  oil  instead  of  the  bottle 
filled  with  sherry  and  water. '  Johnstone  asked  Munden 
why  he  had  not  given  him  a  hint  of  the  mistake,  and 
Munden  replied,  "  There  was  such  a  glorious  roar  at  the 
faces  I  made,  that  I  had  not  the  heart  to  spoil  it." — 
Theatrical  A  nccdote*. 

Obadiah.  Prim,  a  canting,  knavish 
hypocrite ;  one  of  the  four  guardians  of 
Anne  Lovely  the  heiress.  Colonel  Feign- 
well  personates  Simon  Pure,  and  obtains 
the  quaker's  consent  to  his  marriage  with 
Anne  Lovely. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife  (1717). 

Obermann,  the  impersonation  of 
high  moral  worth  without  talent,  and 
the  tortures  endured  by  the  consciousness 
of  this  defect. — Etienne  Pivert  de  Sen'- 
ancour,  Obermann  (1804). 

Oberon,  king  of  the  fairies,  quarrelled 
with  his  wife  Titania  about  d  "change- 
ling" which  Oberon  wanted  for  a  page, 
but  Titania  refused  to  give  up.  Oberon, 
in  revenge,  anointed  her  eyes  in  sleep 
with  the  extract  of  "Love  in  Idleness," 
the  effect  of  which  was  to  make  the 
sleeper  in  love  with  the  first  object 
beheld  on  waking.  Titania  happened 
to  see  a  country  bumpkin,  whom  Puck 
had  dressed  up  with  an  ass's  head. 
Oberon  came  upon  her  while  she  was 
fondling  the  clown,  sprinkled  on  her  an 
antidote,  and  she  was  so  ashamed  of  her 
folly  that  she  readily  consented  to  give 
up  the  boy  to  her  spouse  for  his  page. — ■ 
Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream 
(1592). 

Oberon  the  Fay,  king  of  Mommur, 
a  humpty  dwarf,  three  feet  high,  of 
angelic  face.  He  told  sir  Huon  that 
the  Lady  of  the  Hidden  Isle  (Cephalonia) 
married  Neptanobus  king  of  Egypt,  by 
whom  she  had  a  son  named  Alexander 
"  the  Great."  Seven  hundred  years  later 
she  had  another  son,  Oberon,  by  Julius 
Cresar,  who  stopped  in  Cephalonia  on 
his  way  to  Thessaly.  At  the  birth  of 
Oberon,  the  fairies  bestowed  their  gifts 
on  him.  One  was  insight  into  men's 
thoughts,  and  another  was  the  power  of 
transporting  himself  instantaneously  to 
any  place.  At  death,  he  made  Huon  his 
successor,  and  was  borne  to  paradise. — 
Huon  de  Bordeaux  (a  romance). 

Oberthal  (Ccmnt),  lord  of  Dordrecht, 
near  the  Meuse.  When  Bertha,  one  of 
his  vassals,  asked  permission  to  marry 
John  of  Leydcn,  the  count  withheld  his 
consent,  as  he  designed  to  make  Bertha 


OBL 


697 


0(   I  AVIAN. 


hi.-<  mistress.  This  drove  Jolm  into  re- 
bellion, and  he  joined  the  anabaptists. 
The  count  wm  taken  prisoner  by  Gio'na, 
a  discarded  servant,  l>ut  was  liberated  by 
John.  When  John  was  crowned  prophet- 
king,  the  count  entered  the  banquet-hall 
to  arrest  him,  and  perished  with  him  in 
the  tlames  of  the  burning  palace. — Meyer- 
beer, Le  Prophets  (opera,  L849). 

Obi.  Among  the  negroes  of  the  West 
Indies,  "Obi"  is  the  name  of  a  magical 
power,  supposed  to  affect  men  with  all 
the  curses  of  an  "  evil  eye." 

Obi-Woman  (An),  an  African  sor- 
ceress, a  worshipper  of  Bfumbo  Jumbo. 

Obi'dah,  a  young  man  who  meets 
with  various  adventures  and  misfortunes 
allegorical  of  human  life. — Dr.  Johnson, 
The  RanMcr  (1750-2). 

Obid'icut,  the  fiend  of  lust,  and  one 
of  the  five  which  possessed  "  poor  Tom." 
— Shakespeare,  King  Lear,  act  iv.  sc.  1 
(1G05). 

O'Brallaghan  (Sir  Callaghan),  "a 
wild  Irish  soldier  in  the  Prussian  army. 
His  military  humour  makes  one  fancy  lie 
was  cot  only  Imni  in  a  siege,  hut  that 
BellOna  had  been  his  nurse,  Mars  his 
schoolmaster,  and  the  Furies  his  play- 
fellows" fact  i.  1).  He  is  the  successful 
puitor  of  Charlotte  Goodchild. — Maeklin, 
Love  a-ia-mode  (1750). 

O'Brien,  the  Irish  lieutenant  under 
captain  Savage. — Captain  Marrvat,  Peter 
Simple  (1833). 

Observant  Friars,  those  friars 
who  observe  the  rule  of  St.  Francis  :  to 
abjure  books,  land,  house,  and  chapel, 
to  live  on  alms,  dress  in  rags,  feed  on 
scraps,  and  sleep  anywhere. 

Obsid'ian  Stone,  the  lapis  Obsidia'- 
mts  of  Pliny  (Nat.  Hist.,  xxxvi.  67  and 
xxxvii.  7l>).     A  black  diaphanous  stone, 
discovered  by  Obsidius  in  Ethiopia. 
Knr  wiih  Obddkn  rtone  twu  chiefly  lined. 
Sir  W.  Derenant,  BimdUcrt,  11  ii  j'limi  1608). 

Obstinate,  an  inhabitant  of  the  City 
of  Destruction,  who  advised  Christian  to 
return  to  his  family,  and  not  run  on  a 
wild-goose  chase.  —  lSunyan,  Pilgrim' $ 
Progress^  i.  (Hi7.s). 

Obstinate  as  a  Breton,  a  French 
proverbial  phrase. 

Occasion,  the  mother  of  Furor  ;  an 
ugly,  wrinkled  old  hag,  lame  of  on 

Her  head  was   bald   behind,    but.  in   front 
she  had  a  few  hoary  locks.     Sir  tins  on 
30 


seized  her,  gagged  her,  and  bound  her. — 
Spen  ar,  I  '<>  r ,  Qw  •  n,  Li.  4  |  I 

Oce'ana,  an   idea]   republic,  on  the 

plan    of    Plato's    Atlantis.       It   re;  • 

the  author's  notion  of  a  model 
monwealth. — James  Harrington,  I 
(1666). 

Ochiltree  (OldEdie),  a  kind's  bedes- 
man or  blue-gown.  Edie  is  a  garrulous, 
kind-hearted,    wandering    beggar,    who 

assures  Mr.  Lovel  that  ti  1  ruins 

of  a  Roman  camp  is  no  such  thing.  The 
old  bedesman  delighted  "to  daunder 
down  the  bumsides  and  green  Bhaws.  ' 
lie  is  a  well-drawn  character. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  111.). 

Ocnus  ( The  Rope  of),  profitless  labour. 
Ocnus  is  represented  as  twisting  with 
unwearied  diligence  a  rope,  which  an  a~s 
eats  as  fast  as  it  is  made.  The  ■ 
signifies  that  Ocnus  worked  hard  I 
money,  which  his  wife  spent  by  her  ex- 
travagance. 

Octa,  a  mountain  from  which  the 
Latin  poets  say  the  sun  rises. 

Octave  (2  sy/.),  the  son  of  A 

(2  si/l.).  During  the  absence  of  his 
fuller,  Octave  fell  in  love  with  Hya- 
cinthe  daughter  of  Geronte,  and  married 
her,  supposing  her  to  be  the  dai 
of  signior  l'andolphe  of  Tarentum.  His 
father  wanted  him  to  marry  the  daughter 

of  his  friend  Ge*ronte,  bul  Octave  would 

not  listen  to  it.     It  turned  out,  however, 
that  the  daughter  of   l'andolphe  and  the 
daughter   of    Geronte  were   one   and    the 
same    person,    for    Geronte    had   assumed 
the  name  of   l'andolphe  while  lie  lived    in 
Tarentum,    and   his   wife    and   d 
stayed   behind  after  the  father  w< 
live  at  Naples. — Bioliere,   L  I  /   ttrberiea 
pin  11671). 
%*  In  the  English  version,  call 

Cheats  Of  Scapin,  by  Thomas  I  )t  way, 
(  )ct:i\  e     is     called     "  I  ictavian,"     A  I 

is  called  •'Thrifty,"  Hyacintbe  is  called 

"  Clara,"  and  Geronte  is  "  Gripe."' 

Octavitm,  the  lover  of    Florantbe. 

He  goes  mad  because  he  fancies  that 
Floranthfl  loves  another  ;  but  Roque,  a 
blunt,  kind-hearted  old  man,  assures  him 

that  dona  Floranthe  is  true  to  him,  and 
induces  him  to  return  home. — Colman 
the  younger,   The  Mountain**  »    I 

Octavian,Qit  English  form  of  "0 

,),   m   Otway's   Cheats  of   Hoepm, 

(See  Uciavk.) 


OCTAVIO. 


698 


ODYSSEY. 


Octa'vlo,  the  supposed  husband  of 
Jacintha.  This  Jacintha  was  at  one  time 
contracted  to  don  Henrique,  but  Violante 
(4  syl.)  passed  for  don  Henrique's  wife. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Spanish 
Curate  (1622). 

Octavio,  the  betrothed  of  donna  Clara. 
— Jephson,  Two  Strings  to  your  Bow 
(1792). 

Octer,  a  sea-captain  in  the  reign  of 
king  Alfred,  who  traversed  the  Norwegian 
mountains,  and  sailed  to  the  Dwina  in 
the  north  of  Russia. 

The  Saxon  swaying  all,  in  Alfred's  powerful  reign. 
Our  English  Octer  put  a  fleet  to  sea  again. 

Drayton,  Polyotbion,  xix.  (1622). 

O'Cutter  {Captain),  a  ridiculous 
Irish  captain,  befriended  by  lady  Free- 
love  and  lord  Trinket.  He  speaks  with 
a  great  brogue,  and  interlards  his  speech 
with  sea  terms. — George  Colnian,  Tlie 
Jealous  Wife  (1761). 

Oc'ypviS,  son  of  Podalirius  and 
Astasia,  noted  for  his  strength,  agility, 
and  beauty.  Ocypus  used  to  jeer  at  the 
gout,  and  the  goddess  of  that  disease 
caused  him  to  suffer  Iroin  it  for  ever. — 
Lucian. 

Oda,  the  dormitory  of  the  sultan's 
seraglio. 

It  was  a  spacious  chamber  (Oda  Is 

The  Turkish  title),  and  ranged  round  the  wall 

Were  couches. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vL  51  (1824). 

Odalisque,  in  Turkey,  one  of  the 
female  slaves  in  the  sultan's  harem 
(odalik,  Arabic,  "a  chamber  companion," 
oda,  "  a  chamber"). 

He  went  forth  with  the  lovely  odalisques. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vi.  29  (1824). 

Odd  Numbers.  Among  the 
Chinese,  heaven  is  odd,  earth  is  even ; 
heaven  is  round,  earth  is  square.  The 
numbers  1,  3,  5,  7,  9,  belong  to  yang 
("heaven");  but  2,  4,  6,  8,  10,  belong 
to  yin  ("earth"). — Rev.  Mr.  Edkins. 

Ode  (Prince  of  the),  Pierre  de  Ronsard 
(1524-1685). 

Odoar,  the  venerable  abbot  of  St. 
Felix,  who  sheltered  king  Roderick  after 
his  dethronement.  —  Southey,  Eoderick, 
Last  of  the  Goths,  iv.  (1814). 

%*  Southey  sometimes  makes  the 
word  Odoar'  [O'.dor],  and  sometimes 
O'doar  (3  syl.),  e.g. : 

Odour',  the  venerable  abbot,  sat  (2  *y!.).  .  .  . 
Odoar'  and  Urban  eyed  him  while  he  spake.  .  .  . 
The  lad}  odosfnda,  O'doar  cried  (3  syl!). 
\vll  liiin  in  O'doar  'e  name  the  hour  b  come  I 


O'Doh'erty  (Sir  Morgan),  a  pseu- 
donym of  W.  Maginn,  LL.D.,  in  Black- 
wood's Magazine  (1819-1842). 

O'Donohue's  White  Horses. 
The  boatmen  of  Killaruey  so  call  those 
waves  which,  on  a  windy  day,  come 
crested  with  foam.  The  spirit  of 
O'Donohue  is  supposed  to  glide  over  the 
lake  of  Killarney  every  May-day  on  his 
favourite  white  horse,  to  the  sound  of 
unearthly  music. 

Odori'co,  a  Biscayan,  to  whom  Zcr- 
bi'no  commits  Isabella.  He  proves  a 
traitor,  and  tries  to  defile  her,  but  is 
interrupted  in  his  base  endeavour. 
Almonio  defies  him  to  single  combat, 
and  he  is  delivered  bound  to  Zerbino, 
who  condemns  him,  in  punishment,  to 
attend  on  Gabrina  for  twelve  months,  as 
her  'squire.  He  accepts  the  charge,  but 
hangs  Gabrina  on  an  elm,  and  is  himself 
hung  by  Almonio  to  the  same  tree. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Odour  of  Sanctity.  To  die  "in 
the  odour  of  sanctity  "  did  not  mean 
simply  in  "  good  repute."  It  was  a 
prevalent  notion  that  the  dead  body  of 
a  saint  positively  emitted  a  sweet- 
smelling  savour,  and  the  dead  body  of 
the  unbaptized  an  offensive  smell. 

Then  he  smote  off  his  head ;  and  therewithal!  came  a 
stench  out  of  the  body  when  the  soul  departed,  so  that 
thero  might  nobody  abide  the  savour.  So  was  the  corpse 
had  away  and  buried  in  a  wood,  because  he  was  a  panim. 
.  .  .  Then  the  haughty  prince  said  unto  sir  Palimedes, 
"  Here  have  ye  seen  this  day  a  great  miracle  by  sir  Corsa- 
brin,  what  savour  there  was  when  the  soul  departed  from 
the  body,  therefore  we  require  you  for  to  take  the  holy 
baptism  upon  you  [thai  when  you  die,  you  may  die  in  the 
odour  of  sanctity,  and  not,  like  sir  Corsabrin,  in  Vie  dis- 
odour  of  the  unbaptized]." — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  ii.  133  (1470). 

When  sir  Bors  and  his  fellows  came  to  sir  Launcelot'i 
bed,  they  found  him  stark  dead,  .  .  .  and  the  sweetest 
savour  about  him  that  ever  they  smelled.  [This  was  the 
odour  of  sanctity.  J — llistory  of  Prince  Artliur,  iii.  175. 

Odours  for  Food.  Plutarch, 
Pliny,  and  divers  other  ancients  tell  us 
of  a  nation  in  India  that  lived  only  upon 
pleasing  odours.  Democ'ritos  lived  for 
several  days  together  on  the  mere  efnuYia 
of  hot  bread.— Dr.  John  Wilkins  (1614- 
1672). 

O'Dowd  (Cornelius),  the  pseudonym 
of  Charles  James  Lever,  in  Blackwood1* 
Magazine  (1809-1872). 

Odyssey.  Homer's  epic,  recording 
the  adventures  of  Odysseus  (Ulysses)  in 
his  voyage  home  from  Troy. 

Book  I.  The  poem  opens  in  the  island 
of  Calypso,  with  a  complaint  against 
Neptune  and  Calypso  for  preventing  the 
return  of  Odysecus  (3  syl.)  to  Ithaca. 


ODYSSEY. 


G99 


OFFA'S  DYKE. 


II.  Telemachos,  the  son  of  Odysseus, 
start s  in  Beaxcb  of  his  father,  accom- 
panied by  Pallaa  in  the  guise  "'  Mentor. 

III.  Goes  to  Pylos,  to  consult  old 
Nestor,  and 

IV.  Is  sent  by  him  to  Sparta;  where 
he  is  told  by  Menelaos  that  Odysseus  is 
detained  in  the  island  of  CalypBO. 

V.  In  the  mean  time,  Odysseus  leaves 
the  inland,  and,  being  shipwrecked,  is  cast 
on  the  shore  of  Plunacia, 

VI.  Where  Nausicaa,  the  king's 
daughter,  finds  him  asleep,  and 

VII.  Takes  him  to  the  court  of  her 
father  Alcinoos,  who 

VIII.  Entertains  him  hospitably. 

IX.  At  a  banquet,  Odysseus  relates  his 
adventures  since  he  started  from  Troy. 
Tells  about  the  Lotus-eaters  and  the 
Cyclops,  with  his  adventures  in  the  cave 
of  Polyphemos.     lie  tells  how 

X.  The  wind-god  gave  him  the  winds 
in  a  bag.  In  the  island  of  Circe,  he  says, 
his  crew  were  changed  to  swine,  but 
Mercury  gave  him  a  herb  called  Moly, 
which  disenchanted  them. 

XI.  He  tells  the  king  how  he  de- 
scended into  hades  ; 

XII.  Gives  an  account  of  the  syrens;  of 
Scylla  and  Charybdis;  and  of  his  being 
cast  on  the  island  of  Calypso. 

XIII.  Alcinoos  gives  Odysseus  a  ship 
which  conveys  him  to  Ithaca,  where  he 
assumes  the  disguise  of  a  beggar, 

XIV.  And  is  lodged  in  the  house  of 
Eumceos,  a  faithful  old  domestic. 

XV.  Telemachos,  having  returned  to 
Ithaca,  is  Lodged  in  the  same  house, 

XVI.  And  becomes  known  to  his 
father. 

XVII.  Odysseus  goes  to  his  palaco,  is 
recognized  by  his  dog  Argos  ;  but 

XYHi.  The  beggar  Iros  insults  him, 
<ind  Odysseus  breaks  his  jaw-bone. 

XIX.  While  bathing,  the  returned  mon- 
arch is  recognized  by  a  sear  on  his  Leg  ; 

XX.  And    when   he   enters   his    palace, 

becomes  an  eye-witness  to  the  disorders 
of  the  court,  and  to  the  way  in  which 

XXI.  Penelop§  is  pestered  by  suitors. 
To  excuse  herself,  Penelopfl  tells  her 
suitors  he  only  shall  lie  her  husband  who 

can  bend  Odysseus's  how.  None  can  do 
so  but  the  Btranger,  who  bends  it  with 
ease.    Concealment  is  no  longer  possible 

or  desirable  ; 

XXII.  lie  falls  on  the  suitors  hip  and 
thitfh  ; 

XXIII.  Is  recognized  by  his  wife; 

XXIV.  Visits  hia  old  father  Laertes; 
*nd  the  poem  ends. 


CEa'grian  Harpist  (The),  Or- 
pheus son  of  (Ea'gros  and  Cal'lidpid, 

.  .  .  can  no  lewo 
Tama  the  fl'-rcc  wnlkers  of  Uio  wiltkrnesse. 
Than  tnal  (JBagrUn  berplet,  for  whn-u  lay 
with  banger  pined  tpd  left  theto  prey. 
Win.  Browne,  SHtatmiafj  I'auomit,  t.  lisil). 

CE'dipos  (in  Latin  (Edijnis),  son  of 
Laius  and  Jocasta.  The  most  mournful 
talc  of  classic  story. 

%*  This  tale  has  furnished  the  subject 
matter  of  several  tragedies.  In  Creek 
we  have  (Bdipua  T)/rannus  and  (Ed  ' 

Colonus,  by  Soph'oclds.  In  French, 
(Edipe,  by  Comeille  (1659);  (Edipe,  by 
Voltaire  (171*)  ;  (Edipe  chez  Admete,  by 
J.  F.  Ducis  (177S)  ;  (Edipe  fiosand  « 
■.  by  Cheuier ;  etc.  In  English, 
(Edipus,  by  Dryden  and  Lee. 

CEno'ne  (3  sy/.),  a  nymph  of  mount 
Ida,  who  had  the  gift  of  prophecy,  ar.d 
told  her  husband,  Paris,  that,    his   voyag*, 

to  Greece  would  involve  him  and  his 
country  (Troy)  in  ruin.  When  the  dead 
body  of  old  Priam's  son  was  laid  at  her 
feet,  she  stabbed  herself. 

Hither  cnnie  .11  noon 
Mournful  CBnonS,  w  maerlng  forlorn 
Of  Paris,  once  lier  phjmata.  on  Hie  htlll  [Wat 

Tennyson,  <j.non*. 
%*  Kalkbrenncr,    in    1804,    made  this 
the  subject  of  an  opera. 

CEno'pian,  father  of  Mer'opc,  to 
whom  the  giant  Orion  made  advances. 
(Enopian,  unwilling  to  give  his  daughter 
to  him,  put  out  the  giant's  eyes  in  a 
drunken  lit. 

Orion  .  .  . 
Reeled  as  of  rore  beside  the  sea. 
When  blinded 

Longfellow,  The  Occupation  of  Orur*. 

CBte'an  Knight  ( The).  Her'culOs  is 
so  called,  because  he  burnt  himself  to 
death  on  mount  (Eta  or  (Etna,  in  Thcssaly. 

So  also  diil  that  great  (Btaan  knight 
Kor  uia  lore'  tin  undlght 

B]  sneer,  fik  ry  Queen,  r.  s  ilMo}. 

Offa,  king  of  IMereia.  was  the  son  of 
Thingferth,  and  the  eleventh  in  descent 
from  Woden.     Thus:   Woden,  (1)  b  I 

Wihtlag,  (2)  his  son  Wxruiund,  (8)  Offa 
I.,  (I)  Angelthetro  |  I  col, 

(7)  Pybba,  (8)  Osmod,  (9)  Enwulf,  (bo 
Thingferth,  (11)  Offa,  whose  son  wan 
Egfert  who  died  within  a  year  of  hu 
father.  His  daughter,  Eadburga,  married 
Bertric  king  of  the   Weel   Saxons;  and 

alter  the  death  of  her  hu-hand,  she  went 

to  the  court  of  king  Charlemagne.  Otl'a 
reigned  thirty-nine  years  (756  794). 

Oll'a's  Dyke,  a  dyke  from  Beachley 
to   l  Lintshire,  repaired  by  otla  kiug  ot 


O'FLAHERTY. 


700 


OINA-MOEUL. 


Mercia,  and  used  as  a  rough  boundary  of 
bis  territory.     Asser,  however,  says : 

There  was  in  Mercia  (A.D.  835)  a  certain  valiant  king 
who  was  feared  by  all  the  kings  and  neighbouring  stat.  s 
■round.  His  name  was  Offa.  He  it  was  who  had  the  great 
rampart  made  from  sea  to  sea  between  Britain  and  Mercia. 
-  -Life  of  Alfred  (ninth  century). 

Offa,  ...  to  keep  the  Britons  back. 

Cast  up  that  mighty  mound  of  eighty  miles  In  length, 

Athwart  from  sea  to  sea. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  ix.  (1612). 

O'Flaherty  {Dennis),  called  *'  major 
O'Flaherty."  A.  soldier,  says  he,  is  "no 
livery  for  a  knave,"  and  Ireland  is  "not 
the  country  of  dishonour."  The  major 
pays  court  to  old  lady  Kusport,  but  when 
he  detects  her  dishonest  purposes  in  brib- 
ing her  lawyer  to  make  away  with  ^ir 
Oliver's  will,  and  cheating  Charles  Dudley 
of  his  fortune,  he  not  only  abandons  his 
suit,  but  exposes  her  dishonesty. — Cum- 
berland, The  West  Indian  (1771). 

Og,  king  of  Basan.  Thus  saith  the 
rabbis : 

The  height  of  his  stature  was  23,0:i3  cubits  [nearly  $ix 
mfiesl  He  used  to  drink  water  from  the  clouds,  and 
toast  li  -h  tar  holding  them  before  the  orb  of  the  sun.  lie 
asked  Noah  to  take  him  into  the  ark,  but  Noah  would 
Dot  When  the  flood  was  at  its  deepest,  it  did  not  reach 
to  the  knees  of  this  giant.  Og  lived  JOOO  years,  and  then 
M<  he  slain  by  the  hand  of  Moaoa, 

Mo-es  ma  himself  leu  cubits  in  stature  [fifteen  /e--r], 
and  he  took  a  spear  ten  cubits  long,  and  threw  it  ten 
cubits  high,  and  yet  it  only  reached  the  heel  of  Og,  .  .  . 
When  dead,  his  body  reached  as  far  as  the  river  Nue,  in 
Egypt 

( <%'*  mother  was  Enac,  a  daughter  of  Adam.  Her  fingers 
were  two  cubits  long  [one  yard],  and  on  each  finger  the 
had  two  sharp  nails.  She  was  devoured  by  wild  beasts. — 
Maracci. 

In  the  6atire  of  Absalom  and  Achitophel, 
by  Dryden  and  Tate,  Thomas  Shadwell, 
who  was  a  very  large  man,  is  called 
"  Og." 

O'gier  the  Dane,  one  of  the  pala- 
dins of  the  Charlemagne  epoch.  When 
100  years  old,  Morgue  the  fay  took 
him  to  the  island  of  Av'alon,  "  hard  by 
the  terrestrial  paradise;"  gave  him  a 
ring  which  restored  him  to  ripe  manhood, 
a  crown  which  made  him  forget  his  past 
life,  and  introduced  him  to  king  Arthur. 
Two  hundred  years  afterwards,  she  sent 
him  to  defend  France  from  the  paynims, 
who  had  invaded  it ;  and  having  routed 
the  invaders,  he  returned  to  Avalon  again. 
—  Ogier  le  Danois  (a  romance). 

In  a  pack  of  French  cards,  Ogier  the 
Dane  is  knave  of  spades.  His  exploits 
are  related  in  the  Chansons  de  (lesie  ;  he  is 
introduced  by  Ariosto  in  Orlando  Fvrioso, 
and  by  Morris  in  his  Earthly  J'aradise 
("  August"). 

Ogier" a  Swords,  Curtana  ("  the  cutter  ") 
and  Sauva^ine. 

Osier's  IJorsc,  I'apilkm. 


Ogle  (Miss),  friend  of  Mrs.  Racket ; 
she  is  very  jealous  of  young  girls,  and 
even  of  Mrs.  Racket,  because  §he  was 
some  six  vears  her  junior. — Mrs.  Cowley, 
The  Belle's  Stratagem  (1780). 

O'gleby  (Lord),  an  old  fop,  vain  to 
excess,  but  good-natured  withal,  and 
quite  the  slave  of  the  fair  sex,  were  they 
but  young  and  fair.  At  the  age  of  70, 
his  lordship  fancied  himself  an  Adonis, 
notwithstanding  his  qualms  and  his  rheu- 
matism. He  required  a  great  deal  of 
"  brushing,  oiling,  screwing,  and  winding 
up  before  he  appeared  in  public,"  but, 
when  fully  made  up,  was  game  for  the 
part  of  "  lover,  rake,  or  fine  gentleman." 
Lord  Ogleby  made  his  bow  to  Fanny 
Sterling,  and  promised  to  make  her  a 
countess  ;  but  the  young  lady  had  been 
privately  married  to  Lovewell  for  four 
months. — Colman  and  Garrick,  The  Clan- 
destine "Marriage  (1766). 

No  one  could  deliver  such  n   dialogue  as  Is  found  In 
"lord   Ugleby"  and   In   "sir  l'eter  Teazle "  [School  for 
Sheridan]  with   such  point  as  Thomas    King 
[1730-18U5).— life  of  Sheridan. 

O'gri,  giants  who  fed  on  human  flesh. 

O'Groat  (John),  with  his  two  brothers, 
Malcolm  and  Gavin,  settled  in  Caithness 
in  the  reign  of  James  IV.  The  families 
lived  together  in  harmony  for  a  time,  and 
met  once  a  year  at  John's  house.  On  one 
n  a  dispute  arose  about  precedency 
— who  was  to  take  the  head  of  the  table, 
and  who  was  to  go  out  first.  The  old 
man  said  he  would  settle  the  question  at 
the  next  annual  muster ;  accordingly  he 
made  as  many  doors  to  his  house  as  there 
were  families,  and  placed  his  guests  at  a 
round  table. 

%*  The  legend  is  sometimes  told  some- 
what differently  (see  p.  498). 

Oig  M'Combich  (Robin)  or  M'Gre- 
gor,  a  Highland  drover,  who  quarrels 
with  Harry  Wakefield  an  English  drover, 
about  a  pasture-field,  and  stabs  him. 
Being  tried  at  Carlisle  for  murder,  Robin 
is  condemned  to  death. — Sir  W.  Scolt, 
The  Two  Drovers  (time,  George  III.). 

Oina-Morul,  daughter  of  Mal- 
Orchol  king  of  FuSrfed  (a  Scandinavian 
island).  Ton-Thormod  asked  her  in  mar- 
riage, and  being  refused  by  the  father, 
made  war  upon  him.  Fingal  sent  his  son 
Ossian  to  the  aid  of  Mal-Orchol,  and  he 
took  Ton-Thormod  prisoner.  The  king 
now  offered  Ossian  his  daughter  to  wife, 
but  the  warrior-bard  discovered  that  the 
lady  had  given  her  heart  to  Ton-Thonuod; 
whereupon    he    resigned    his  claim,   and 


OITHONA. 


701 


OLD  GLORY. 


brought  about  a  happy  reconciliation. — 
Ossiau,  Oina-Murul. 

Oith'ona,  daughter  of  Nuiith,  be- 
trothed to  Gaul  son  of  Morni,  and  the 
day  of  their  marriage  was  fixed  ;  but 
before  the  time  arrived,  Fingal  sent  for 
Gaul  to  aid  him  in  an  expedition  against 
the  Britons.  Gaul  promised  Oithona,  if 
he  survived,  to  return  by  a  certain  day. 
Lathmon,  the  brother  of  Oithona,  was 
called  away  from  home  at  the  same  time, 
to  attend  his  father  on  an  expedition  ;  so 
the  damsel  was  left  alone  in  Dunlathmon. 
It  was  now  Chat  I>unn>mmath  lord  of 
Uthal  (one  of  the  Orkneys)  came  and 
carried  her  off  by  force  to  Trom'athon,  a 
desert  island,  where  he  concealed  her  in 
a  cave.  Gaul  returned  on  the  day  ap- 
pointed, heard  of  the  rape,  sailed  for 
Trom'athon,  and  found  the  lady,  who 
told  him  her  tale  of  woe  ;  but  scarcely 
had  she  ended  when  Dunrommath  entered 
the  cave  with  his  followers.  Gaul  in- 
stantly fell  on  him,  and  slew  him.  While 
the  battle  was  raging,  Oithona,  arrayed 
as  a  warrior,  rushed  into  the  thickest  of 
the  fight,  and  was  slain.  When  Gaul  had 
cut  off  the  head  of  Dunrommath,  he  saw 
what  lie  thought  a  youth  dying  of  a 
wound,  and  taking  off  the  helmet,  per- 
ceived it  was  Oithona.  She  died,  and 
Gaul  returned  disconsolate  to  Duulath- 
mon. — Ossian,  Oithona. 

O.  K.,  all  correct. 

"You  are  quito  safe  now,  and  we  shall  be  off  in  a 
minute,"  saya  Harry.  "Tnedoor  Is  locked,  and  the  guard 

O.  K." — B.  H.  Buxton,  Jennie  uj  the  I'rince't,  iii.  30J. 

Okba,  one  of  the  sorcerers  in  the  cares 
of  Dom-Daniel  "under  the  roots  of  the 
ocean."  It  was  decreed  by  fate  that  one 
of  the  race  of  llodei'rah  (3  si/l.)  would 
be  fatal  to  the  sorcerers  ;  so  Okba  was 
sent  forth  to  kill  the  whole  race  both 
root  and  branch.  He  succeeded  in  cutting 
off  eight  of  them,  but  Thal'aba  contrived 
to  escape.  Abdaldax  was  sent  to  hunt 
down  the  survivor,  but  was  himself  killed 
by  a  simoom. 

"Curse  on  thee.  Okba  ! "  Khawla  erlod.  .  .  . 
"Okba,  wert  thou  weak  of  bearti 
Okba,  wrrt  thou  blind  of  eye  I 
Thy  Rate  and  oura  vera  on  the  Lot  .  .  . 
Tlmii  bail  let  allp  (be  roluj  "f  Destiny. 
Cur-.'  thee,  curoe  thi  e,  Okbal" 
Bouthey,  Thalata  the  Dettroytr,  ii.  7  [1797), 

O'Kean  (Lieutenant) ,  a  quondam 
admirer  of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram  of 
Singleside. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner- 

ing  (time,  (icorge  II.). 

Olavc,  brother  of  Noma,  and  grand- 
father of  Minna  and  llrenda  Troil. — .Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 


Old  Age  restored  to  Youth. 
The  following  means  are  efficacious  : — 

The  fontaine  do  jouvence,  "  cui  fit  rajo- 
venir  la  gent ;  "  the  fountain  of  Bi'mini  ; 
the  river  of  juvescence  at  the  foot  of 
Olympus  ;  the  dancing  water,  presented 
by  prince  Chery  to  Fairstar ;  the  broth  of 
Medea,  etc. 

We  are  also  told  of  grinding  old  men 
into  young.  Ogier,  at  LOO  years  old,  was 
restored  to  the  vigour  of  manhood  by  a 
ring  given  him  by  Morgue  the  fay.  And 
Hebe  had  the  power  of  restoring  youth 
and  beauty  to  whom  she  chose. 

Old  Bags.  John  Scott,  lord  Eldon  ; 
so  called  because  he  carried  home  with 
him  in  sundry  bags  the  cases  pending  hi« 
judgment  (1751-1838). 

Old  Bona  Fide  (2  syl.),  Louis  XIV. 
(1638,  1643-171o). 

Old  Curiosity  Shop  (The),  a  tale 
by  C.  Dickens  (18-10).  An  old  man, 
having  run  through  his  fortune,  opened 
a  curiosity  shop  in  order  to  earn  a  liviiiLT, 
and  brought  up  a  granddaughter,  named 
Nell  [Trent],  14  years  of  age.  The  child 
was  the  darling  of  the  old  man,  but 
deluding  himself  with  the  hope  of  making 
a  fortune  by  gaming,  he  lost  everything, 
and  went  forth,  with  the  child,  a  beggar. 
Their  wanderings  and  adventures  are 
recounted  till  they  reach  a  quiet  country 
village,  where  the  old  clergyman  gives 
tluin  a  cottage  to  live  in.  Here  Nell  soon 
dies,  and  the  grand  lather  is  found  dead 
upon  her  grave.  The  main  character 
next  to  Xell  is  that  of  a  lad  named  Kit 
[Nubbles],  employed  in  the  curiosity 
shop,  who  adored  Nell  as  ''ah  angel.1' 
This  boy  gets  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Gar- 
land, a  genial,  benevolent,  well-to-do 
man,  in  the  suburbs  of  London;  but 
Quilp  hates  the  lad,  and  induces  Brass,  a 
solicitor  of  llcvis  Marks,  to  put  8  66 
bank-note  in  the  boy's  hat,  and  then 
accuse  him  of  theft.  Kit  is  tried,  and 
condemned  to  transportation,  but  the 
villainy    being   exposed    by  a   gir)-of-all- 

work    nicknamed    "The    Marchioness," 

Kit  is  liberated  and   rcslored  to  his  place, 
and  Quilp  drowns  himself. 

Old  Cutty  Soames  (1  s<//.),  th* 
fairy  of  the  mine. 

Old  Fox  ( The),  marshal  Soult  ,  so 
called  from  his  strategic  abilities  am' 
never-failing  resources  (1769-1851). 

Old  Gib.,  Gibraltar  Rock. 

Old  Glory,  sir  Francis  Burdett ;  «n 


OLD  GIB. 


702 


OLD  MORTALITY. 


called  by  the  radicals,  because  at  one 
time  he  was  their  leader.  In  his  latter 
years  sir  Francis  joined  the  tories  (1770- 
1844). 

Old  Grog,  admiral  Edward  Vernon  ; 
so  called  from  his  wearing  a  grogram 
coat  in  foul  weather  (1684-1757). 

Old.  Harry,  the  devil.  The  Hebrew 
seirim(u  hairy  ones")  is  translated  "devils" 
in  Lev.  xvii.  7,  probably  meaning  "  he- 
gouts." 

Old  Hickory.  General  Andrew 
Jackson  was  so  called  in  1813.  He  was 
first  called  "  Tough,"  then  "  Tough  as 
Hickory,"  then  "  Hickorv,"  and  lastly 
"  Old  Hickory." 

Old  Humphrey,  the  pseudonym 
of  George  Mogridge  of  London  (died 
1854). 

Old  Maid  (Tlie),  a  farce  by  Murphy 
(1701).  Miss  Harlow  is  the  "old  maid," 
agerl  45,  living  with  her  brother  and  his 
bride  a  beautiful  young  woman  of  23. 
A  young  man  of  fortune,  having  seen 
them  at  Ranelagh,  falls  in  love  with  the 
younger  lady;  and,  inquiring  their  names, 
is  told  they  are  "  Mrs.  and  Miss  Harlow." 
He  takes  it  for  granted  that  the  elder 
lady  is  the  mother,  and  the  younger  the 
daughter;  so  asks  permission  to  pay  his 
addresses  to  "Miss  Harlow."  The  re- 
quest is  granted,  but  it  turns  out  that  the 
young  man  meant  Mrs.  Harlow,  and  the 
worst  of  the  matter  is,  that  the  elder 
spinster  was  engaged  to  be  married  to 
captain  Cape,  but  turned  him  off  for  the 
younger  man ;  and,  when  the  mistake 
<vas  discovered,  was  left  like  the  last  rose 
of  summer  to  "pine  on  the  stem,"  for 
neither  felt  inclined  to  pluck  and  wear 
*iie  flower. 

Old  Maids,  a  comedv  bv  S.  Knowles 
(1841).  The  "old  maids"  are  lady 
Blanche  and  lady  Anne,  two  young  ladies 
who  resolve  to  die  old  maids.  Their 
resolutions,  however,  are  but  ropes  of 
sand,  for  lady  Blanche  falls  in  love  with 
colonel  Blount,  and  lady  Anne  with  sir 
Philip  Brilliant. 

Old  Man  (An),  sir  Francis  Bond 
Head,  bart.,  who  published  his  Bubbles 
from  the  Brunnen  of  Nassau  under  this 
signature  (1793-         ). 

Old  Man  Eloquent  (T/ie),  Isoc'- 
ratea  the  orator.  The  defeat  of  the 
Athenians  at  Cheronae'a  had  such  an  effect 
on  his  spirits,  that  he  languished  and 
jJicd  within  four  days,  in  the  99th  year 
*f  his  age. 


.  .  .  that  dishonest  Tictory 
At  Cheronsa.  fatal  to  liberty. 
Killed  with  report  that  Old  Man  Eloquent. 

Milton,  Sonnet,  lx. 

Old  Man  of  Hoy  ( The),  a  tall  pillar 
of  old  red  conglomerate  in  the  island  of 
Hoy.  The  softer  parts  have  been  washed 
away  by  the  action  of  the  waves. 

Old  Man  of  the  Mountains, 
Hassan-ben  -Sabah,  sheik  al  Jebal ;  also 
called  subah  of  Nishapour,  the  founder 
of  the  band  (1090).  Two  letters  are 
inserted  in  Rymer's  Fcedera  by  Dr.  Adam 
Clarke,  the  editor,  said  to  be  written  by 
this  sheik. 

Aloaddin,  "  prince  of  the  Assassins  " 
(thirteenth  century). 

Old  Man  of  the  Sea  (The),  a  mcv 
ster  which  contrived  to  get  on  the  back  a 
Sindbad  the  sailor,  and  refused  to  dis. 
mount.  Sindbad  at  length  made  him 
drunk,  and  then  shook  him  off. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Sindbad  the  Sailor,"  fifth 
voyage). 

Old  Han  of  the  Sea  (The),  Phorcus. 
He  had  three  daughters,  with  only  one 
eye  and  one  tooth  between  'em. — Greek 
Mythology. 

Old  Manor-House  (The),  a  novel 
by  Charlotte  Smith.  Mrs.  Rayland  is  the 
lady  of  the  manor  (1793). 

Old  Moll,  the  beautiful  daughter  of 
John  Overie  or  Audery  (contracted  into 
Overs)  a  miserly  ferryman.  "Old 
Moll "  is  a  standing  toast  with  the  parish 
officers  of  St.  Mary  Overs'. 

Old  Mortality,  the  best  of  Scott's 
historical  novels  (1816).  Morton  is  the 
best  of  his  young  heroes,  and  serves  as 
an  excellent  foil  to  the  fanatical  and 
gloomy  Burley.  The  two  classes  of 
actors,  viz.,  the  brave  and  dissolute 
cavaliers,  and  the  resolute  oppressed 
covenanters,  are  drawn  in  bold  relief. 
The  most  striking  incidents  are  the 
terrible  encounter  with  Burley  in  his 
rocky  fastness  ;  the  dejection  and  anxiety 
of  Morton  on  his  return  from  Holland  ; 
and  the  rural  comfort  of  Cuddie  Head- 
rigg's  cottage  on  the  banks  of  the  Clyde, 
with  its  thin  blue  smoke  among  the 
trees,  "  showing  that  the  evening  meal 
was  being  made  ready." 

Old  Mortality  always  appeared  to  me  the  "  Hannlon  " 
of  Scott's  novels. — Chambers,  English  Literature, 

Old  Mortality,  an  itinerant  antiquary, 
whose  craze  is  to  clean  the  moss  froir. 
gravestones,  and  keep  their  letters  and 
effigies  in  good  condition. — Sir  W.  Sco";t, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 


OLD  NOLL. 

%•  The  prototype  of"  Old  Mortality" 

was  Robert  Patterson. 

Old  Noll,  Oliver  Cromwell  (1599- 
1668). 

Old  Noll's  Fiddler,  sir  Roger  Lestrange, 
who  played  the  baas-viol  at  the  musical 

parties  held  at  John  Hingston's  house, 
where  Oliver  Cromwell  was  a  constant 
guest. 

Old  TCowley,  Charles  II. ;  so  called 
'•om  his  favourite  raco-horse  (1030, 
660-1685). 

%*  A  portion  of  Newmarket  race- 
eourse  is  still  called  "  Rowley  mile." 

Old  Stone,  Henry  Stone,  statuary 
and  painter  (died  1653). 

Old  Tom,  cordial  gin.  So  called 
from  Tom  Chamberlain  (one  of  the  lirm 
of  Messrs.  Hodges'  gin  distillery),  who 
first  concocted  it. 

Oldboy  (Colonel),  a  manly  retired 
Officer,  fond  of  his  glass,  and  not  averse 
to  a  little  spice  of  the  Lothario  spirit. 

Lady  J/itrt/  Oldboy,  daughter  of  lord 
Jessamy  and  wife  of  the  colonel.  A 
sickly  nonentity,  "  ever  complaining,  ever 
having  something  the  matter  with  her 

head,  back,  or  legs."  Afraid  id'  the 
slightest  breath  of  wind,  jarred  by  a  loud 
voice,  and  incapable  of  the  least  ex- 
ertion. 

Duma  Oldhoy,  daughter  of  the  colonel. 
She  marries  Harman. 

Jessamy,  son  of  the  colonel  and  lady 
Mary.  An  insufferable  prig. — Bicker- 
etalf,  Lionel  and  Clarissa. 

Oldbuek  (Jonathan),  the  antiquary, 
devoted  to  the  study  and  accumulation 
of  old  coins  and  medals,  etc.  He  is 
sarcastic,  irritable,  and  a  woman-hater  ; 
but  kind-hearted,  faithful  to  his  friends, 
and  a  humorist.  —  Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time  George  111.). 

An  excellent  temper,  with  ■  slight  degree  of  mbadd 
f it 1 1 1 1. hi i  ;  learning)  eric,  end  drollery,  the  mora  poignant 
11.: 1 1  tin-y  irardnuttle  nuwked  l>>  the  peculkuitlei  at  in 
ok)   bachelor;    a  loundni  rendered    mora 

forcible  bj  on  ocaudonaJ  qualntai  on, — theea 

wen  thoquollUei  la  which  t i . - ■  creature  "i  mj 

mbled  my  benevolent  and  excellent  old  friend. 
—Sir  W.  Boott 

Tii"  merit  of  Th?  Antiquary  a<  a  novel  recti  mi  tim 
Inimitable  delineation  Ibuck,  that  model  of  black- 
letter  and  K. tin. in  Damp  ontlquarle  ,  ui Idltlei  and 

conversation  ara  rich  nnd  racj  ai  any  of  the  ol  I 

port  that  lohn  of  the  Qtrnel  might  hare  held  in  hbj 

Ijonattk  eallara — Chambers,  Kngliih  LUtratun,  II.  6»ti. 

Oldcastlo  (Sir  John),  a  drama  by 
Anthony  Munday  (1600).  This  play 
appeared   with  the  name   cf  Shakespeare 

on  the  title-page. 
Old  worth     of    Oldwcrth    Oaks,    a 


r08  OLINDO. 

wealthy  squire,  liberally  educated,  very 
hospitable,   benevolent,    bun  I 

whimsical.     He  brings  up    V 

maid   of  the   <  Inks  "  as   his  ward,  b  I 

ishis  daughter  and  heiress. — J.  Burgoyne, 
The  Maid  of  the  Oaks  (1779). 

Olifant,  the  horn  of  Roland  or 
Orlando.  This  horn  and  the  BWOrd 
"  Durinda'na  "  were  buried  with  tin- 
hero.  Turpin  tells  us  in  hi 
that  Charlemagne  heard  the  blare  of  this 
horn  at  the  distance  of  eight  miles. 

Olifant  (Basil),  a  kinsman  of  lady 
Margaret  P.cllenden,  of  the  Tower  of 
Tillietu-'.lem.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mor- 
tality (t.me,  Charles  II.). 

Olifaunt  [Lord  Nigel),  of  Glenvar- 
loeh.  ( in  going  to  court  to  | 
a  petition  to  James  I.,  he  aroused  the 
dislike  of  the  duke  of  Buckingham. 
Lord  Dalgamo  gave  him  the  cut  direct, 
and  Nigel  struck  him,  but  was  obliged  to 
seek  refuge  in  Alsatia.  After  various 
adventures,  lie  married  Margaret  Ramsay, 
the  watchmaker's  daughter,  and  obtained 
the  title-deeds  of  his  estates. — .^ir  W. 
Scott,  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
I.). 

Olini'pia,  the  wife  of  Pdreno,  uncotu 
promising  in  love,  and  relentless  in  hate. 

— Ariosto,  Orlando  Purioso  (1510). 

Olim'pia,  a  proud  Roman  lady  of  high 

rank.  When  Rome  was  sacked  by  Bour- 
bon, she  ileu-  for  refuge  to  the  high  altar 
of  St.  Peter's,  where  she  clung  to  a  golden 

cross.  On  the  advance  of  certain  soldiers 
in  the  army  of  Bourbon  to  seize  her,  she 
cast  the  huge  cross  from  its  stand,  and  as 
it  fell  it  crushed  to  death  the  foremost 
soldier.  Others  then  attempted  to  seize 
her,    when    Arnold    dispersed    them    and 

rescued  the  lady  ;  but  the  proud  <. 

would  not  allow  the  foe  of  her  COUntry  to 

touch  her,  and  flung  herself  from  the  high 
altar  on  the  pavement.  Apparently  life- 
less, she  was  borne  oil';  but  whether  .-ho 
recovered  or  not  we  are  not  infon 
the  drama  was  never  finished.— Byron, 
The  Deformed  Transformed  {. 

Olindo,  the  lover  of  Sophronia.  Ala- 
dine  king  of  Jerusalem,  at  the  advice 
of  his  magicians,  stole  an  image  of  the 

Virgin,    and    set    it   up  as   a  palladium  in 

the  chief  moaque.   During  the  night  it  was 

carried  off,  and  the  king,  unable  to  dis- 
cover the  thief,  ordered  all  his  Christian 
subjects  to  be  put  to  death.  To  prevent 
this  maa  lacre,  sophronia  delivered  up  her- 


OLIPHANT. 


704 


OLIVIA. 


eelf  a8  the  perpetrator  of  the  deed,  and 
Olindo,  hearing  thereof,  went  to  the  king 
and  declared  Sophronia  innocent,  as  he 
himself  had  stolen  the  image.  The  king 
commanded  both  to  be  put  to  death,  but 
by  the  intercession  of  Clorinda  they  were 
both  set  f  ree.— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered, 
ii.  (1575). 

Oliphant  or  Ollyphant,  the  twin- 
brother  of  Argan'te  the  giantess.  Their 
father  was  Typhaeus,  and  their  mother 
Earth.— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  hi.  7,  11 
(1590). 

Olive,  emblem  of  peace.  In  Greece 
and  Rome,  those  who  desired  peace  used 
to  carry  an  olive  branch  in  their  hand 
(see  Gen.  viii.  11). 

P^ace  sitting  under  her  olive,  and  slurring  the  days  gone 

by. 

Tennyson,  Maud.  I.  L  9  (1855). 

Olive  Tree  (TJie), emblem  of  Athens, 
in  memory  of  the  famous  dispute  between 
Minerva  (the  patron  goddess  of  Athens) 
and  Neptune.  Both  deities  wished  to 
found  a  city  on  the  same  spot;  and 
referring  the  matter  to  Jove,  the  king  of 
gods  and  men  decreed  that  the  privilege 
should  be  granted  to  whichever  would 
bestow  the  most  useful  gift  on  the  future 
inhabitants.  Neptune  struck  the  earth 
with  his  trident,  and  forth  came  a  war- 
horse  ;  Minerva  produced  an  olive  tree, 
emblem  of  peace ;  and  Jove  gave  the  ver- 
dict in  favour  of  Minerva. 

Oliver,  the  elder  son  of  sir  Rowland 
de  Boys  [J?toor],  left  in  charge  of  his 
younger  brother  Orlando,  whom  he  hated 
and  tried  indirectly  to  murder.  Orlando, 
finding  it  impossible  to  live  in  his 
brother's  house,  fled  to  the  forest  of 
Arden,  where  he  joined  the  society  of 
the  banished  duke.  One  morning,  he 
saw  a  man  sleeping,  and  a  serpent  and 
licness  bent  on  making  him  their  prey. 
He  slew  both  the  serpent  and  the  lioness, 
and  then  found  that  the  sleeper  was  his 
brother  Oliver.  Oliver's  disposition  from 
this  moment  underwent  a  complete 
change,  and  he  loved  his  brother  as  much 
as  he  had  before  hated  him.  In  the 
forest,  the  two  brothers  met  Rosalind 
and  Celia.  The  former,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  the  banished  duke,  married 
( trlando  ;  and  the  latter,  who  was  the 
daughter  of  the  usurping  duke,  married 
Oliver. — Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It 
(1598). 

Oliver    and.  Rowland,    the  two 


chief  paladins  of  Charlemagne.     Shake- 
speare makes  the  duke  of  Alencon  say: 

Froissart,  a  countryman  of  ours,  records, 
England  all  Olivers  and  Rowlands  bred 
During  the  time  Edward  the  Third  did  reign. 

1  JJenry  VI.  act  i.  BC.  2  (1589). 

Oliver's  Horse,  Ferrant  d'Espagne. 
Oliver's  Sword,  Haute-claire. 

Oliver  le  Dain  or  Oliver  le  Diable, 
court  barber,  and  favourite  minister  of 
Louis  XI.  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  Quentin  Durward  and  Anne  of  Geier~ 
stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Oliv'ia,  a  rich  countess,  whose  love 
was  sought  by  Orsino  duke  of  Illyria ; 
but  having  lost  her  brother,  Olivia  lived 
for  a  time  in  entire  seclusion,  and  in  no 
wise  reciprocated  the  duke's  love ;  in 
consequence  of  which  Viola  nicknamed 
her  "  Fair  Cruelty."  Strange  as  it  may 
seem,  Olivia  fell  desperately  in  love  with 
Viola,  who  was  dressed  as  the  duke's 
page,  and  sent  her  a  ring.  Mistaking 
Sebastian  (Viola's  brother)  for  Viola,  she 
married  him  out  of  hand. — Shakespeare, 
Twelfth  Night  (1614). 

Never  were  Shakespeare's  words  more  finely  given  than 
by  Miss  M.  Tree  1 18tr.!-lso:>]  in  the  speech  to  "  Olivia,"  be- 
ginning, "Make  me  a  willow  cabin  at  thj gate." — Talfourd 
(1821). 

Olivia,  a  female  Tartuffe  (2  syl.),  and 
consummate  hypocrite  of  most  unblushing 
effrontery. — Wvcherly,  The  Flain  Dealer 
(1677).    ' 

The  due  de  Montausier  was  the  proto- 
type of  Wycherly's  "  Mr.  Manly  "  the 
"plain  dealer,"  and  of  Moliere's  "Misan- 
thrope." 

Olivia,  daughter  of  sir  James  Vood- 
ville,  left  in  charge  of  a  mercenary 
wretch,  who,  to  secure  to  himself  her 
fortune,  shut  her  up  in  a  convent  in  Paris. 
She  was  rescued  by  Leontine  Croaker, 
brought  to  England,  and  became  his 
bride. — Goldsmith,  The  Good-natured 
Man  (1768). 

Olivia,  the  tool  of  Ludovico.  Sim 
loved  Vicentio,  but  Vicentio  was  plighted 
to  Evadne  sister  of  Colonna.  Ludovico 
induced  Evadne  to  substitute  the  king's 
miniature  for  that  of  Vicentio,  which  she 
was  accustomed  to  wear.  When  Vicentio 
returned,  and  found  Evadne  with  the 
king's  miniature,  he  believed  what  Ludo- 
vico had  told  him,  that  she  was  the 
king's  wanton,  and  he  cast  her  off.  Olivia 
repented  of  her  duplicity,  and  explained 
it  all  to  Vicentio,  whereby  a  reconcilia- 
tion took  place,  and  Vicentio  married 
his  troth-plighted    ladr   "more    sinned 


OLIVIA. 


roe 


OMAWMAWS. 


against  than  sinning." — Shiel,  Evadne  or 
The  Statue  (1820). 

Olivia,  "the  rose  of  Aragon,"  was  the 
daughter  of  Ruphi'no,  a  peasant,  and 
bride  of  prince  Alonzo  of  Aragon.  The 
kin^'  refused  to  recognize  the  marriage, 
and,  sending  his  son  to  the  army,  com- 
pelled the  cortez  to  pass  an  act  of  divorce. 
This  brought  to  a  head  a  general  revolt. 
The  king  was  dethroned,  and  Almagro 
made  regent.  Almagro  tried  to  make 
Olivia  marry  him;  ordered  her  father  to 
the  rack,  and  her  brother  to  death.  Mean- 
while the  prince  returned  at  the  head  of 
his  arm}',  made  himself  master  of  the  city, 
put  down  the  revolt,  and  had  his  mar- 
riage duly  recognized.  Almagro  took 
poison  and  died. — S.  Knowles,  The  Rose 
of  Aragon  (1842). 

Olivia  [Pkimkose],  the  elder  daugh- 
ter of  the  vicar  of  Wakefield.  She  was 
a  sort  of  Hebe  in  beauty,  open,  sprightly, 
and  commanding.  Olivia  Primrose 
"wished  for  many  lovers,"  and  eloped 
with  squire  Thornhill.  Her  father  went 
in  search  of  her,  and,  on  his  return  home- 
ward, stopped  at  a  roadside  inn,  called 
the.  Harrow,  and  there  found  her  turned 
out  of  the  house  by  the  landlady.  It  was 
ultimately  discovered  that  she  was  legally 
married  to  the  squire. — Goldsmith,  Vicar 
of  Wakcjicld  (I7C5). 

Olivia  de  Zuniga,  daughter  of  don 
Cesar.  She  fixed  her  heart  on  having 
Julio  de  Melessina  for  her  husband,  ami 
bo  behaved  to  all  other  suitors  as  to  drive 
them  away.  Thus  to  don  Garcia,  she 
pretended  to  be  a  termagant ;  to  don 
Vincentio,  who  was  music  mad,  she  pro- 
fessed to  love  a  Jew's-harp  above  every 
other  instrument.  At  last  Julio  appeared, 
and  her  "bold  stroke."  obtained  as  its 
reward  "the  husband  of  her  choice." — ■ 
Mrs.  Cowley,  A  Bold  SlroU'  for  a  Hus- 
band (1782). 

Olla,  bard  of  Cairbar.  These  bards 
acted  a.s  heralds.— Ossian. 

Ol'lapod  (Cornet),  at  the  Galen's 
Head.  An  eccentric  country  apothecary, 
"a  jumble  of  physic  and  shooting."  Or. 
Ollapod  is  very  fond  of  "  wit,"  ami  when 
he  has  said  what  he  thinks  a  smart  thing, 
he  calls  attention  to  it,  with  "lie!  lie! 
he!"  and  some  such  expression  as,  "Do 
you  take,  good  sir?  do  you  take?"  But 
when  another  says  a  smart  thine,  he 
titters,  and  cries,  "That's  well!  that's 
very  well  !  Thank  you,  good  sir,  I  owe 
you  one  !  "     lie  is  a  regular  rat  lie:  de- 


tails all  the  scandal  of  the  village  ;  boasts 
of    his    achievements  or   misadventures  ; 
is  very   mercenary,   and   wholly    without 
principle. — G.  Column,  The  1 
man  (1802). 

*+*  This  character  is  evidently  a  copy 
of    Dibdin's   "doctor    Pother"    in    Tlw 

Fanner's   \Y,fe  (1780). 

Ol'lomand,  an  enchanter,  who  per- 
suaded Alm'iial,  the  rebellious  brother  of 

Misnar  sultan  of  Delhi,  to  try  by  bribery 
to  corrupt  the  troops  of  the  sultan,  liy 
an  unlimited  supply  of  gold,  he  soon 
made  himself  master  of  the  southern  pro- 
vinces, and  Misnar  marched  to  give  him 
battle.  Ollomand,  with  5000  men,  went 
in  advance  and  concealed  his  company  in 
a  forest ;  but  Misnar,  apprized  thereof  by 
spies,  set  tire  to  the  forest,  and  Ollo- 
mand was  shot  by  the  discharge  of  his 
own  cannons,  fired  spontaneously  by  the 
flames:  "  lor  enchantment  has  ao  power 
except  over  those  who  are  first  deceived 
by  the  enchanter." — Sir  ('.  Morell  [J. 
Ridley],  Tales  of  the  'Una  ("The  En- 
chanters Tale,"  vi.,  1751). 

Olof  (Sir),  a  bridegroom  who  rode 
late  to  collect  guests  to  his  «i  edding.  ( >n 
his  ride,  the  daughter  of  the  erl  king 
met  him,  and  invited  him  to  dance  a 
measure,  but  sir  ( llof  declined.  She  then 
offered  him  a  pair  of  gold  spurs,  a  silk 
doublet,  and  a  heap  of  gold,  if  he  would 
dance  with  her;  and  when  he  refused  to 
do  so,  she  struck  him  "  with  an  elf- 
stroke."  On  the  morrow,  when  all  the 
bridal  party  was  assembled,  >ir  Olof  was 
found  dead  in  a  wood. — A  Danish  I  J 
(Herder). 

Olyinpia,  countess  of  Holland  and 
wife    of    Bire'no.       Being    deserted    by 

Bireno,  she  was  bound  naked  to  a  rock  by 
pirates,  but  was  delivered  by  Orlando, 
who  took  her  to  Ireland,  where  she  mar- 
ried king  Oberto  (bks.  Lv.,  v.). — Arioato, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Olym'pia,  sister  to  the  great  duke  of 
Muscovia. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

Olympus,  of  Greece,  was  on  the 
confines    of    Macedonia   and    Thessaly, 

Here  the  court  of  Jupiter  was  held. 

OlympUS,  in  the  dominions  of  1'rester 
John,  was  "three  days'  journey  from 
paradise."  This  Olympus  is  a  corrupt 
form  of  Alumbo,  the  same  as  Columbo, 

in  ( 'evlon. 

Omawhaws  [Om'.a.icauw]  or  Ora'- 
2  z 


OMBRELIA. 


706    ORACLE  OF  THE  HOLY  BOTTLE. 


ahas,  an  Indian  tribe  of  Dacota  (United 
States). 

0  chief  of  the  mighty  Omawhaws  I 

Longfellow,  To  the  Driving  Cloud. 

Ombrelia,  the  rival  of  Smilinda  for 
the  love  of  Sharper;  "strong;  as  the 
footman,  as  the  master  sweet." — Pope, 
Eclogues  ("  The  Basset  Table,"  1715). 

One  Side.  All  on  one  side,  like  the 
Bridgenorth  election.  Bridgenorth  was  a 
pocket  borough  in  the  hands  of  the  Apley 
family. 

One  Thing  at  a  Time.  This  was 
De  Witt's  great  maxim. 

The  famous  De  Witt,  lieing  asked  how  he  was  able  to 
despatch  that  multitude  of  affairs  in  which  he  was  en- 
gaged, replied,  that  his  whole  art  consisted  in  doing  one 
tiling  at  a  time. — Sjiectator  ("  Art  of  Growing  Kich"l. 

O'Neal  (Shcni).  leader  of  the  Irish 
insurgents  in  1.5(57.  Shan  O'Neal  was 
notorious  for  profligacy. 

Onei'za  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Moath 
a  well-to-do  Bedouin,  in  love  with 
Thal'aba  "  the  destroyer "  of  sor- 
cerers. Thalaba,  being  raised  to  the  office 
of  vizier,  married  Oneiza,  but  she  died 
on  the  bridal  night. — Southey,  Thalaba 
the  Destroyer,  ii.,  vii.  (1797). 

Oneyda  Warrior  {The),  Outalissi 
(n.v.). — Campbell,  Gertrude  of  Wyoming 
(i809). 

Only  {The),  Johann  Paul  Friedrich 
Richter,  called  by  the  Germans  Der  Ein- 
zige,  from  the  unique  character  of  his 
writings. 

Not  without  reason  have  his  panegyrists  named  him 
Jean  Paul  der  Einzige.  "Jean  Paul  the  Only,"  .  .  .  for 
rarely,  in  the  whole  circle  of  literature,  we  look  in  vain 
for  his  parallel. — Carlyle. 

***  The  Italians  call  Bernardo  Accolti, 
an  Italian  poet  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
"  Aretino  the  Only  "  or  L"  Unico  Aretino. 

Open,  Ses'ame  (3  syl.) !  the  magic 
words  which  caused  the  cave  door  of  the 
"  forty  thieves"  to  open  of  itself.  "Shut, 
Sesame !"  were  the  words  which  caused  it 
to  shut.  Sesame  is  a  grain,  and  hence 
Cassim,  when  he  forgot  the  word,  cried, 
"Open,  Wheat!"  "Open,  Rye!"  "Open, 
Barley  !  "  but  the  door  obeyed  no  sound 
but  "Open,  Sesame!" — Arabian  Nights 
("  Ali  Baba  or  the  Forty  Thieves"). 

Opening  a  handkerchief,  in  which  he  had  a  sample  of 
HMftiue,  lie  showed  it  me,  and  inquired  how  much  :i  Uu  _e 
oisast.re  of  the  grain  was  worth.  ...  I  told  him  that, 
according  io  the  present  price,  it  would  be  worth  "no 
hundred  drachms  of  silver. — Arabian  Sights  ("The 
CtrUtian  Merchant's  Story  "). 

Ophe'lia,  the  young,  beautiful,  and 
inous  daughter  of  Polo'nius  lord  chamber- 
lain to  the  king  of  Denmark.     Hamlet 


fell  in  love  with  her,  but,  finding  marriage 
inconsistent  with  his  views  of  vengeance 
against  "his  murderous,  adulterous,  and 
usurping  uncle,"  he  affected  madness ; 
and  Ophelia  was  so  wrought  upon  by  his 
strange  behaviour  to  her,  that  her  intellect 
gave  way.  In  an  attempt  to  gathei 
flowers  from  a  brook,  the  branch  of  a  tree 
she  was  holding  snapped,  and,  falling 
into  the  water,  she  was  drowned. — Shake- 
speare, Hamlet  (159G). 

Tate  Wilkinson,  speaking  of  Mrs. 
Cibber  (Dr.  Arne's  daughter,  1710-1766), 
says:  "Her  features,  figure,  and  singing, 
made  her  the  best  '  Ophelia '  that  ever 
appeared  either  before  or  since." 

Ophiuchus  [Of '.uu'. kus],  the  con- 
stellation Serpentarius.  Ophiuchus  is  a 
man  who  holds  a  serpent  (Greek,  ophis) 
in  his  hands.  The  constellation  is  situated 
to  the  south  of  Hercules ;  and  th  •  prin- 
cipal star,  called  "  Ras  Alhague,'  is  in 
the  man's  head.  {Ras  Alhague  is  irom 
the  Arabic,  rds-al-lutwwd,  "the  serpent- 
charmer's  head.") 

Satan  stood 
Unterrified,  and  like  a  comet  burned. 
That  tires  the  length  of  Ophiuchus  huge 
In  the  Arctic  sky. 

Milton.  Paradise  Lost.  ii.  709,  etc.  (1665). 

Ophiu'sa,  island  of  serpents  near 
Crete  ;  called  by  the  Romans  Colubra'ria. 
The  inhabitants  were  obliged  to  quit  it, 
because  the  snakes  were  so  abundant. 
Milton  refers  to  it  in  Paradise  Lost,  x. 
528  (1GG5). 

Opium-Eater  ( The  English),  Thomas 
de  Quincey,  who  published  Confessions  of 
an  English  Opium-Eater  (1845). 

O.  P.  Q.,  Robert  Merry  (1755-1798) ; 
object  of  Gi (ford's  satire  in  the  Baviad 
and  JJccoiad,  and  of  Byron's  in  his  English 
Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers.  He  married 
Miss  Brunton,  the  actress. 

And  Merry's  metaphors  appear  anew, 
Chained  to  the  signature  of  O.  P.  Q. 
Byron,  English  Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

Oracle  ( To  Work  the),  to  raise  money 
by  some  dodge.  The  "Oracle"  was  a 
factory  established  at  Reading,  by  John 
Kendrick,  in  1G24.  It  was  designed  for 
returned  convicts,  and  any  one  out  of 
employment.  So  when  a  workman  "  had 
no  work  to  do,"  he  would  say,  "I  must 
go  and  work  the  Oracle,"  i.e.  I  must  go  to 
the  Oracle  for  work. 

Oracle  of  the  Church  {TJw),  St. 
Bernard  (1091-1153). 

Oracle  of  the  HolyBottle  (Th*), 
an  uraele  sought  for  by  Rabelais,  to  sol\r« 


ORACLE  OF  THE  SIEVE,  ETC.      707 


OREADES. 


the  knotty  point  "  whether  Panurge  (2 
s>/l.)  should  marry  or  not."  The  question 
had  been  put  to  sibyl  and  poet,  monk  and 
fool,  philosopher  and  witch,  but  none 
could  answer  it.  The  oracle  was  ultimately 
found  m  Lantern-land. 

This,  of  course,  is  a  satire  on  the 
celibacy  of  the  clergy  and  the  withhold- 
ing of  the  cup  from  the  laity.  .Shall  the 
clergy  marry  or  not? — thai  was  the  moot 
point;  and  the  "  liottle  of  Tent  Wine," 
or  the  clergy,  who  kept  the  bottle  to  them- 
selves, alone  could  solve  it.  The  oracle 
and  priestess  of  the  bottle  were  both  called 
Baaruc  (Hebrew for  "bottle"). — Rabelais, 
Ptmtag'ruel,  iv.,  v.  (1545). 

Oracle  of  the  Sieve  and  Shears 

(The),  a  method  of  divination  known  to 
the  (Jreeks.  The  modus  operandi  in  the 
Middle  Ages  was  as  follows: — The  points 
of  a  pair  of  shears  were  stuck  in  the  rim 
of  a  sieve,  and  two  persons  supported  the 
shears  with  their  linker-tips.  A  verse  of 
the  Bible  was  then  read  aloud,  and  while 
the  names  of  persons  suspected  were  called 
over,  the  sieve  was  supposed  to  turn  when 
the  right  name  was  suggested.  (See  Key 
AMD  BlBLB,  p.  509.) 

Searching  for  thing!  lust  with  a  sieve  and  shears.— Ben 
Jouson,  AUhemUt,  1.  1  (1G1U). 

Oracle  of  Truth,  the  magnet. 

And  by  the  oracle  of  truth  lielow, 
The  wondrous  magnet,  guides  Die  wayward  prow. 
Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  ii.  2  (1750). 

Orange  (Prince  of),  a  title  given  to 
the  heir-apparent  of  the  king  of  Holland. 
'"Orange"  is  a  petty  principality  in  the 
territory  of  Avignon,  in  the  possession  of 
the  Nassau  family. 

Orania,  the  lady-love  of  Am'adis  of 
Gaul. — Lobeira,  Anutdis  of  Gaul  (four- 
teenth century). 

Orator  Henley,  the  Rev.  John 
Henley,  who  for  about  thirty  years  de- 
livered Lectures  on  theological,  political, 
and  literary  subjects  (1(592  L756). 

%*  Hogarth  has  introduced  him  into 
Several  of  his  pictures  ;  and  Pope  says  of 
him  : 

1  nan oiin,l  with  native  bronse,  lo  1  Henley  standi. 
Toning  his  voice,  it'.'i  balancliig  hi-  hands, 
How  Ruent  nonsense  trickles  from  bta  I'-n^ue! 

preel  the  periods,  neither  said  nor  sung  I  .  .  . 

oh,  groat  restorer  ol  the  u <  old  itage, 

1'n'ii  I101  ;it <■  and  ran)  ol  Llij  age  1 

Oh,  worthy  thou  "i  Egypt's  a  idei ; 

A  dei  ^nt  I'M,'  i  wbi  re  monkej    were  (I 

The  Dunakui,  HI.  LSD,  etc  lir-iJ). 

Orator  Hunt,  the  great1  demagogue 
in  the  time  of  the  Wellington  and  Peel 

administration.  Henry  Hunt,  nl.P.,  used 
to  wear  a  grey  hat,  and  these  Li:\u  1W  K 


for  tiie  time  a  badge  "f  democratic  prin- 
ciples, and  called  "radical  hats"  (1773- 
1835). 

Orbaneja,  the  painter  of  Dbe'da,  irlio 
painted  so  preposterously  that  he  in 
under  his   objects   what   he-   meant   them 
for. 

Orlnne.i.i  would  paint  a  cock   so  wretchedly  designed, 
that  he  ws  lnuUi  cuck." 

— Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  11.  i.  3  iliiiJ). 

Orbiliua.the  schoolmaster  who  taught 

Horace.     The  poet  calls  him  "the  fioggei  " 
(jplagosua). — l.p..  ii.  71. 
***   The  UrbUian  Stick  is  a  birch  rod 


Ordeal    {A    Fiery),    a  sharp  trial  or 
test.     In   England    there  were    anciently 
two  ordeals—  one  of  water  and  tb< 
of   lire.      The  water  ordeal   was  for   the 
laity,  and  the  fire  ordeal  for  the  nobility. 
If  a  noble  was  accused  of  a  crime,  he  01 
his  deputy  was  tried   by  ordeal  thus  :    He 
had  either  to  hold  in  his  hand  a  pii 
red-hoi  iron,  or  had  to  walk  blindfold  and 
barefoot  over  nine  red-hot  plougl 
laid  lengthwise  at  unequal  distances.     If 
he  passed  the  ordeal  unhurt,  he  was  de- 
clared innocent ;  if  not,  he  was  account*  d 
guilty.    This  method  i<i  punishment  arose 
from  the  notion  that  "Grbd  would  , 
the  right,"  even  by  miracle,  if  need.-  be. 

Ordigale,  the  otter,  in  the  beast-epit 
of  Reynard  tha  Fox,  i.  (1498). 

Ordovi'ces  (-1  syl.),  people  of  <  >rd  «- 
vicia,  that  is,  Flintshire,  Denbighshire, 
Merionethshire,  Montgomeryshire,  Car- 
narvonshire, and  Anglesey.  (In  Latin 
the  i  is  short  :   I  hrdovlces.) 

The  Ordovicea  now  which  North  Wall     ; 

Drayton,  i;.iyoibiun.  nt  p 

Or'dovies  (-'5  syl.),  the  inhabitants  of 
North  Wales.  (In  Latin  North  Wales  is 
called  Ordovicfia.) 

s  lo  full 

(Inhabiting  thi  •  pie  la.-i  of  al) 

.  .  .  withstood 

Drayton,  rWrWMen,  »in.  (lin-A 

Or'ead   (•'*   Syl.),   B   mountain-nymph. 
Tennyson    calls   "Maud"   an    oread,   be- 
cause her  hall  and  garden  were  on  a  lull. 
i  Oread  ■  down, 

i  iri  i  nan 
OreSd.     Echo  is  bo  called. 
Ore'ades  O'readsi 

::        .1       Qll    ll„. 

Ye  voi.  Uriah  [  il  j^h  ]  shepherds  than,  wfaun  ihuo  out 
!     . 

idea 
.  ftttyo/ofou  V  (ISiaj. 


ORELIO.  708 


Orel'io,  the  favourite  horse  of  king 
Roderick  the  last  of  the  Goths. 

'Twas  Orelio 
On  which  he  rode,  Roderick's  own  battle-horse, 
Who  from  his  master's  hand  had  wont  to  feed, 
And  with  a  glad  docility  obey 
His  voice  familiar. 

Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xxv.  (1814). 

Ores'tes  (3  syl.),  son  of  Agamemnon, 
betrothed  to  Hermi'one  (4  syl.)  daughter 
of  Menala'os  (4  syl.)  king  of  Sparta.  At 
the  downfall  of  Troy,  Menalaos  promised 
Hermione  in  marriage  to  Pyrrhos  king 
of  Eplros,  but  Pyrrhos  fell  in  love  with 
Androm'ache  the  widow  of  Hector,  and 
his  captive.  An  embassy,  led  by  Orestes, 
was  sent  to  Epiros,  to  demand  that  the 
son  of  Andromache  should  be  put  to 
death,  lest  as  he  grew  up  he  might  seek 
to  avenge  his  father's  death.  Pyrrhos 
refused  to  comply.  In  this  embassage, 
Orestes  met  Hermione  again,  and  found 
her  pride  and  jealousy  aroused  to  fury  by 
the  slight  offered  her.  She  goaded  Orestes 
to  avenge  her  insults,  and  the  ambassadors 
fell  on  Pyrrhos  and  murdered  him.  Her- 
mione- when  she  saw  the  dead  body  of 
the  king  borne  along,  stabbed  herself, 
and  Orestes  went  raving  mad. — Ambrose 
Philips,  The  Distressed  Mother  (1712). 

All  the  parts  in  which  I  ever  saw  fir.  C.  Macread;/], 
«uch  as  "  Orestes,"  "  Mirandola,"  "  William  Tell,"  "  Kob 
Roy,"  and  "  Claude  Melnotte,"  he  certainly  had  made  his 
own.— Kev.  F.  Young,  Life  of  C.  M.  Young. 

Orfeo  and  Heuro'dis,  the  tale  of 
Orpheus  and  Eurydice,  with  the  Gothic 
machinery  of  elves  and  fairies. 

***  Gliick  has  an  opera  called  Orfco  ; 
the  libretto,  by  Calzabigi,  based  on  a  dra- 
matic piece  by  Poliziano  (1764). 

Orgari'ta,  "the  orphan  of  the  Frozen 
Sea,"  heroine  of  a  drama.  (See 
Martha. )— Stirling,  The  Orphan  of  the 
Frozen  Sea  (1856). 

Or'gilus,  the  betrothed  lover  of 
Penthe'a,  by  the  consent  of  her  father ; 
but  at  the  death  of  her  father,  her  brother 
Ith'oclescompelled  herto  marry  Bass'anes, 
whom  she  hated.  Ithocles  was  about  to 
marry  the  princess  of  Sparta,  but  a  little 
before  the  event  w  as  to  take  place,  Pen- 
thea  starved  herself  to  death,  and  Orgilus 
was  condemned  to  death  for  murdering 
Ithocles. — John  Ford,  The  Broken  Heart 
(1033). 

Orgoglio  [Or.gole'.yo'],  a  hideous 
giant,  as  tall  as  three  men,  son  of  Earth 
and  Wind.  Finding  the  Red  Cross 
Knight  at  the  fountain  of  Idleness,  he 
beats  him  with  a  club,  and  makes  him 
his  slave.  Una  informs  Arthur  of  it,  and 
Arthur  liberates  the  knight  and  slays  the 


ORIANA. 

giant  (Rev.  xiii.  5,  7,  with  Ban.  vii.  21, 
22). — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i.  (1?>90). 

***  Arthur  first  cut  off  Org  tglio's  left 
arm,  i.e.  Bohemia  was  cut  off  first  from 
the  Church  of  Rome  ;  then  he  cut  off  the 
giant's  right  leg,  i.e.  England. 

Orgon,  brother-in-law  of  Tartuffe 
(2  syl.).  His  credulity  and  faith  in 
Tartuffe,  like  that  of  his  mother,  can 
scarcely  be  shaken  even  by  the  evidence 
of  his  senses.  He  hopes  against  hope, 
.and  fights  every  inch  of  ground  in  defence 
of  the  religious  hypocrite. — Moliere, 
Tartuffe  (1664). 

Oria'na,  daughter  of  Lisuarte  king 
of  England,  and  spouse  of  Am'adis  of 
Gaul  (bk.  ii.  6).  The  general  plot  of  this 
series  of  romance  bears  on  this  marriage, 
and  tells  of  the  thousand  and  one  obstacles 
from  rivals,  giants,  sorcerers,  and  so  on, 
which  had  to  be  overcome  before  the 
consummation  could  be  effected.  It  is 
in  this  unity  of  plot  that  the  Amadis 
series  differs  from  its  predecessors — the 
Arthurian  romances,  and  those  of  the 
paladins  of  Charlemagne,  which  are 
detached  adventures,  each  complete  in 
itself,  and  not  bearing  to  any  common 
focus. — Amadis  de  Gaul  (fourteenth  cen- 
tury). 

***  Queen  Elizabeth  is  called  "the 
peerless  Oriana,"  especially  in  the  ma- 
drigals entitled  The  Triumphs  of  Oriana 
(1601).  Ben  Jonson  applies  the  name  to 
the  queen  of  James  I.  (Oriens  Anna). 

Oria'na,  the  nursling  of  a  lioness,  with 
whom  Esplandian  fell  in  love,  and  for 
whom  he  underwent  all  his  perils  and 
exploits.  She  was  the  gentlest,  fairest, 
and  most  faithful  of  her  sex. — Lobeira, 
Amadis  of  Gaul  (fourteenth  century). 

Orian'a,  the  fair,  brilliant,  and  witty 
"chaser"  of  the  "wild  goose"  Mirabel, 
to  whom  she  is  betrothed,  and  whose  wife 
she  ultimately  becomes. — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The'  Wild-goose  Chase  (1652). 

Orian'a,  the  ward  of  old  Mirabel,  and 
bound  by  contract  to  her  guardian's  son 
whom  she  loves ;  but  young  Mirabel 
shilly-shallies,  till  he  gets  into  trouble 
with  Lamorce  (2  syl.),  and  is  in  danger 
of  being  murdered,  when  Oriana,  dressed 
as  a  page,  rescues  him.  He  then  declares 
that  his  "  inconstancy  has  had  a  lesson," 
and  he  marries  the  lady. — G.  Farquhar, 
The  Inconstant  (1702). 

Orian'a,  in  Tennyson's  ballad  so  called, 
"stood  on  the  castle  wall,"  to  see  hex 
spouse,  a    Norland  chief,  light.     A  foe- 


0R1ANDE. 


ORION. 


man  went  between   "the  duel  and  the 

wall,"  and  discharged  an  arrow  w bch, 

^  aside,  pierced  the  lady's  heart 

Ld  killed  her.  The  l.ill-l  <s  the  lamen- 
tation of  the  "  I"  ,1,'aUl  "'  "IS 
bride  (1830). 

O'riande  (3  ayL),  a  fay  who  lived 
at  Bosefieur,  and  brought  op  Maugu 
d'Aygremontl  When  her  prot€f  gre* 
„,',  she  loved  him,  "d'nn  hi  grand  amour, 
quelle  doute  fort  qu'il  ne  se  departe 
d'avecques  elle."— Romance  da  Maugta 
fAygremont  el  de  I  man  son  in- re 

O'riel,  a  fairy,  whose  empire  lay  along 
the  banks  of  the  Thames,  when  king 
Oberon  held  his  court  in  Kauington 
Gardens.— Tickell,  Kmumgton  Oardcns 
(1686-1740). 

Oriflamme,  the  banner  of  St. 
Denis.  When  the  counts  of  \  exin  be- 
came possessed  of  the  abbey,  the  banner 
passed  into  their  hands,  and  when,  m 
1082,  Philippe  I.  united  Vexin  to  the 
crown,  the  oriflamme  or  Bacred  banner 
SSpdto  the  king,  In  1119  it  was 
firsl  asedas  a  national  banner.  It  con- 
sists of  a  crimson  silk  flag,  mounted  on  a 
eilt  staff  (""  glaive  tout  dor€ou  est  ataciiu 

nnr'.nurn  ■      The   loose   end   is 

cat  into  three  wavy  Vandykes,  to  represent 
tongues  of  flame,  and  a  silk  tassel  is  bug 
at^ch  cleft.  I"  war,  the  display  of  this 
standard  indicates  that  no  quarter  will  be 
riven.  The  English  standard  oi  no 
quarter  was  the  "burning  dragon.   _ 

Raoulde  Preslesaysil  was  used  in  the 
time  of  Charlemagne,  being  the  gift  01 
the  patriarch  of  Jerusalem.  WewWd 
that  all  infidels  were  blinded  who  looked 
on  it.  Froissart  says  it  was  displayed 
ai  the  battle  of  Rosbecq,  in  the  reign  o1 
Charles  VI.,  and  "no  sooner  was  it  un- 
furl,,!, than  the  fog  Cleared  awav,  and 
the  sun  shone  on  the  French  alone. 
I  ham  no)  mnd  U>eOrfS»niinaofde»Ui. 
,,,,■  a  behove) 

Toi]*Z^ti  L*o.<wn. 

OrigUla,  the  lady-love  of  Gryphon 
brother  of  Aqblant ;  butthefwtMessfaii 
„n>.  took  up  With  Mariano  a  mOBl  im- 
pudent boaster  and  a  row:,,, l.  Bemg  at 
Damascus  during  a  tournament  '"••''"; 
Gryphon  was  the  victor,  Mariano  stole 
^armour  of  Gryphon,  arrayed  himself 
in  it  took  the  prizes,  and  then  aecamped 
with  the  lady.  Muilant^ppenedtosee 
them,  bound  them,  and  took  them  back 
t,.  Damascus,  where  Martano  was  hanged, 
and  the   lady  kept  in  bondage  for  the 


judgment  of  Luctoa.-Ariosto,   Orlando 
i!6). 


Orillo,  a  magician  and  robber, 
Hvedattne  moutn  of  the  Nile.    He 
the  son  of  an  imp  and  fairy, 
one  of  his  Umbs  was  lopped  off,  he  had  the 
power  of  restoring  it;  and  when  his  head 
was   cut  off,  he  could   take    it  up  and 
replace  it.    When  Astolpho  ^comtered 
this  magician,  he  was  informed  that  h  . 
life  lav  in  one  particular  hair ;  so  u 
of  seeking  to  maim  his  adversa^.AB- 
tolpho  cut  off  the  magic  hair,  and  the 
magician  fell  lifeless  atbsfeet.— Anosto, 
Orlando  Fkwtoso  (1616). 

Orinda    "the    incomparable"     Mrs 
Katherine     Philipps,    who    l,y ,d     m      he 
reign  of  Charles  11.  and  d.ed  of  Bmall- 

***  ITer  praises  were  sun-  by  Cowley , 
Dryden,  and  others. 

w«  ill  »ed  roubi  mtj  mo"  »••■'"'  •'''■";• ;  ■  ■ 

HtOolBWttl 

Ortod.  Uo*  **"£%£&&,  ro.ru  usn. 

O'rioleO.s.vM.  The"Baltimo»ebirdr 

is  often  so  i   America;  but      c 

oriole  is   of  the   thrush   famtly     and     1  e 

Baltimore  bird  in  a  starting.    Its  nest « 

a  pendulous  cylindrical  t»™*%*°™£* 

inches  long,  usually  suspended  from  two 

^at  the  extremity  of  a  branch,  and 

therefore  liable  to  swing  backwards  and 

forwards  by  the  force  of  the  wind.    Hence 

How  compares  a  cblds  BWing  to 

an  oriole's  nest. 

Ub  an  ,,ri,.lr'5  nest. 

From which the  tou  ''l^/ 

»oti-. >.,.„„.„,-,!, •»gr^»r«^*fla« 

Ori'oti,  a  giant  of  great  beauty,  and 
afaTouThunter.who  cleared  the  island 
of  Chios  of  wild  beasts.  Wble  in  tha 
island  »>rion  fell  in  love  with  MerOpt, 
daughter  of  kbgffinop'ionjbutone  day, 

drunken    fit,  having    offered 
violence,  the  king  put  out  tie  giant 

and   drove   him   from    the    ..-.land.      Orion 

was  told  if  he  would  travel  eastwards, 
and  expose  his  sockets  to  the  rising  sun, 
hTw^uld  recover  bs  sight.  Guided  by 
tl.o    sound  of    a   I  aammer,  he 

reached  Uirmoa,  where  Vbcan  gave  bm 

a  guide  to  the  abode  of  the  sun.  Indue 
tinVe,bs  sight  returned  to  him, nand I  at 
death  he  was  made  a  constellation.  The 
lion-a  skin  was  an  emblem  of  the  wild 

Which    he    slew    in  ('h.,-    and    t. .3 

Cl„b  was  the  instrument  he  employed  tor 
the  purpose. 


ORION. 


710 


ORLANDO  FURIOSO. 


He  Wrion] 
Keeled  as  of  ynre  beside  the  sea, 

When,  blinded  by  (Enopion, 
He  sought  the  blacksmith  at  his  forge, 
4nd,  climbing  up  the  mountain  gorge. 
Fixed  his  blank  eyes  upon  the  sun. 

Longfellow,  The  Occupation  of  Orion. 

Orion  and  the  Blacksmith.  The  refer- 
ence is  to  the  blacksmith  mentioned  in 
the  preceding  article,  whom  Orion  took 
on  his  back  to  act  as  guide  to  the  place 
where  the  rising  sun  might  be  best  seen. 

Orion's  Dogs  were  Arctophfinus  ("  the 
bear-killer")  and  Ptoophagos  ("the 
glutton  of  Ptoon,"  in  Boeotia). 

Orion's  Wife,  Side. 

Ori'on.  After  Orion  has  set  in  the 
west,  Auriga  (the  Charioteer)  and  Gem'ini 
(Castor  and  Pollux)  are  still  visible. 
Hence  Tennyson  says: 

.  .  .  the  Charioteer 
And  starry  Gemini  hang  like  glorious  crowns 
Over  Orion's  grave  low  down  in  the  west. 

Maud,  III.  vi.  1  (1855). 

Ori'on,  a  seraph,  the  guardian  angel  of 
Simon  Peter. — Klopstock,  The  Messiah, 
iii.  (1748). 

Orith'yia  or  Orith'ya,  daughter  of 
Erectheus,  carried  off  by  Boreas  to 
Thrace. 

Such  dalliance  as  alone  the  North  wind  hath  with  her, 
Orithya  not  enjoyed,  from  [/  to]  Thrace  when  he  her  took, 
4nd  in  his  saily  plumes  the  trembling  virgin  shook. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  x.  (1612). 

Phineas  Fletcher  calls  the  word 
"  Orithy'a." 

None  knew  mild  zephyrs  from  cold  Euras'  mouth, 
Nor  Orithay's  lover's  violence  [North  wind} 

Purple  Island,  i.  (1633). 

Orlando,  the  younger  son  of  sir 
Rowland  de  Boys  [Bwor~\.  At  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  was  left  under  the  care 
of  his  elder  brother  Oliver,  who  was 
charged  to  treat  him  well  ;  but  Oliver 
hated  him,  wholly  neglected  his  educa- 
tion, and  even  tried  by  many  indirect 
means  to  kill  him.  At  length,  Orlando 
fled  to  the  forest  of  Arden',  where  he  met 
Rosalind  and  Celia  in  disguise.  They 
had  met  before  at  a  wrestling  match, 
when  Orlando  and  Rosalind  fell  in  love 
with  each  other.  The  acquaintance  was 
renewed  in  the  forest,  and  ere  many  days 
had  passed  the  two  ladies  resumed  their 
proper  characters,  and  both  were  married, 
Rosalind  to  Orlando,  and  Celia  to  Oliver 
the  elder  brother. — Shakespeare,  As  You 
Like  It  (1598). 

Orlando  (in  French  Roland,  q.v.),  one 
of  the  paladins  of  Charlemagne,  whose 
nephew  he  was.  Orlando  was  coniiding 
and  loyal,  of  great  stature,  and  possessed 
unusual  strength,     lie  accompanied  his 


uncle  into  Spain,  but  on  his  return  was 
waylaid  in  the  valley  of  Roncesvalles  (in 
the  Pyrenees)  by  the  traitor  Ganelon,  and 
perished  with  all  his  army,  a.d.  778. 
His  adventures  are  related  in  Turpin's 
Chronique ;  in  the  Chanson  de  Roland, 
attributed  to  The'roulde.  He  is  the  hero 
of  Bojardo's  epic,  Orlando  Innamorato  ; 
and  of  Ariosto's  continuation,  called  Or- 
lando Furioso  ("Orlando  mad").  Robert 
Greene,  in  1594,  produced  a  drama  which 
he  called  The  History  of  Orlando.  Rhode's 
farce  of  Bombastes  Furioso  (1790)  is  a 
burlesque  of  Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso. 

Orlando's  Ivory  Horn,  Olifant,  once  the 
property  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Its 
bray  could  be  heard  for  twenty  miles. 

Orlando's  Horse,  Brigliadoro  ("golden 
bridle  "). 

Orlando's  Sword,  Durinda'na  or  Duran- 
dana,  which  once  belonged  to  Hector,  is 
"  preserved  at  Rocamadour,  in  France  ; 
and  his  spear  is  still  shown  in  the  cathe- 
dral of  Pa'via,  in  Italy." 

Orlando  was  of  middling  stature,  broad-shouldered, 
crooked-legged,  brown-visaged,  red-bearded,  and  had 
much  hair  on  his  body.  He  talked  but  little,  and  had  a 
very  surly  aspect,  although  he  was  perfectly  good- 
humoured. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  l.  1  (1615). 

Orlando's  Vulnerable  Part.  Orlando  was 
invulnerable  except  in  the  sole  of  his 
foot,  and  even  there  nothing  could  wound 
him  but  the  point  of  a  large  pin  ;  so  that 
when  Bernardo  del  Carpio  assailed  hiir. 
at  Roncesvalles,  he  took  him  in  his  arms 
and  squeezed  him  to  death,  in  imitation 
of  Hercules,  who  squeezed  to  death  the 
giant  Antre'us  (3  syl.). — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  ii.  13  (i615). 

Orlando  Furioso,  a  continuation 
of  Bojardo's  story,  with  the  same  hero. 
Bojardo  leaves  Orlando  in  love  with 
Angelica,  whom  he  fetched  from  Cathay 
and  brought  to  Paris.  Here,  says  Ariosto, 
Rinaldo  fell  in  love  with  her,  and,  to 
prevent  mischief,  the  king  placed  the 
coquette  under  the  charge  of  Namus  ;  but 
she  contrived  to  escape  her  keeper,  and 
fled  to  the  island  of  Ebuda,  where  RogOro 
found  her  exposed  to  a  sea-monster,  and 
liberated  her.  In  the  mean  time,  Orlando 
went  in  search  of  his  lady,  was  decoyed 
into  the  enchanted  castle  of  Atlantes,  but 
was  liberated  by  Angelica,  who  again  suc- 
ceeded in  effecting  her  escape  to  Paris. 
Here  she  arrived  just  after  a  great  battle 
between  the  Christians  and  pagans,  am', 
finding  Medora  a  Moor  wounded,  tuuK 
care  of  him,  fell  in  love  with  hin  , 
and  eloped  with  him  to  Cathay.  AY' 
Orlando  found  himself  jilted,  he  w  s 
driven  n  ad  with  jealousy  and    rage,    01 


OKLAXIM)  INNAMOKATO. 


•II 


ORMUS. 


rather  his  wits  were  taken  from  him 
for  thnc  months  by  way  of  punishment, 
and  deposited  in  the  moon.  Astolpho 
went  t<>  the  moon  in  Elijah's  chariot, 
and  St.  John  gave  him  "the  lost  wits" 
in  an  urn.  On  reaching  France,  Astol- 
pho bound  the  madman,  then,  holding 
tin;  urn  i"  his  nose,  the  wits  returned 
td  tln-ir  nidus,  and  the  hero  was  himself 
iiLT-'i'm.  After  this,  the  Biege  was  con- 
tinued, and  the  Christians  were  wholly 
successful.  (See  ObIjANDO  llCNAMOBATO.) 
■ — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

%*  This  romance  in  verse  extends  to 
forty-six  oantos.  1  i .  miIi-.  in  his  translation, 
has  compressed  the  forty-six  cantos  into 

twenty-lour  books;    but  Ro86  lias  retained 

the  original  number.  The  adventures  of 
Orlandj,  under  the  French  form  "  Roland," 
are  related  by  Turpin  in  his  Chronicle, 
and    by    Theroulde    in     his    Chanson    de 

Solano. 

%*  The  true  bero  of  Ariosto's  romance 
is  Kogfiro,  and  not  Orlando.  It  is  with 
Rogero's  victory  over  Rodomont  that  the 
poem  ends.     The  concluding  lines  are: 

Then  at  full  ■tretch  hi  d  hl» arm  abora 

The  fun. .us  Rodumont,  and  the  (raapoo  ilr.no 

Thrice  in  In.  piping  U  roat- ml-  U  ■ 

And  leaves  secure  Bogaro'l  tune  und  life. 


Orlando  Innamora'to,  or  Orlando 
in  love,  in  three  books,  by  count  Bojardo 
of  Scandiano,  in  Italy  (1495).  Ilojardo 
supposes  Charlemagne  to  he  warring 
against  the  Saracens  in  France,  under  the 
walls  of  Paris.  He  represents  the  city 
to  be  besieged  by  two  iniidel  hosts — one 
under  Agramante  emperor  of  Africa,  and 
tie1  other  under  Gradasso  king  of  Serica'na. 
His  hem  is  Orlando,  whom  lie  supposes 
(though  married  at  the  time  t"  Aldabella) 

to  he  in  love  with  Angelica,  a  fascinating 

coquette  from  Cathay,  whom  Orlando 
had  brought  to  France.  (See  OblAXDO 
1  i  BIOBO.J 

%*  Bemi  ofTuscany,  in  1 588,  published 
a  burlesque  in  verse  on  the  same  subject. 

Orleans,  a  most,  passionate  inoamo- 
rato,  in  love  with  Agripy'na. — Thomas 

1>.  l.i.  iunatua  (160 

.  tjlik*  "  POM  lht"li  and  li 0  .  "  Lie  l<  fttnt.i't  ftf 

1  quite  ,l.   phllo   iphlcal,   m.lj   n   Utuo 

madder.— 0,  Lamb, 

("  Biron,"     in     Shakespeare's     / 

/    nT  ;    "BomeO,"    in   hi  - 

and  Juliet.) 

i  duke  "/'),  brother  of 

Louis  XIII.     lie  heads  a  conspiracy  to 

inate    Richelieu   and  dethrone   the 

kin;;.  If  the  plot  had  heen  Successful, 
fjuiton  was  to  have   been   made   regent  J 


but  the  conspiracy  was  discovered,  and 
the  duke  was  thwarted  in  his  ambitious 
plans. — Lord  Lytton,  Richelieu  (18 

'   ■    :.■■;<, 
pi  r  of  Louis  XI.)  is 

,    ..... 
Kurd  (time,  Edward  IV. j. 

Orlick  {Dolge),  usually  called 
Orlick,"  though  m  •( 

journeyman  to  Joe  Gargery,  blacksmith. 
Obstinate,  morose,  broad-ehou 
loose-limbed,  swarthy,  of  gn 
never  in  a  hurry,  and  always  slouching. 
Being  jealous  OI  l'i j>,  he  allured  him  t"  a 
Cave  in  the  marshes,  hound  him  to  a 
ladder,  and  was  about  to  shoot  him,  when, 
being  alarmed    l.y   a|ipreaeiiiu_r   Steps,    ho 

Bed.  Subsequently,  lie  broke  into  Mr. 
Pumblechook's  house,  was  arrested,  ami 
confined  in  the  county  jail.  Tins  Mirly. 
ill-conditioned  brute  was  in  love  with 
Biddv,  hut  Biddy  married  Joe  Gargery. 
— C  Dickens,  Qreai  1. 

Orloff  Diamond  [The),   the  third 

lar^'e.-t    cut   diamond   in   the  world, 

the  top  of  the  Rust  The  weight 

of  this  magnificent  diamond  is  194 

and  its  si/.e  is  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg.      It 

was  mice  one  of  the  eye 

ingham,  in  the  temple  of  Brahma  ;  came 

inin  the  hand.--  of  : be  shah   Nadir;  was 

st. -l,n  by  a  French  grenadier  and  - 

an   English  Bea-captain   fur  £2000;   the 

captain  sold  it  to  a  .lew  fur  £12,1 

next  passed  into  the  hands  of  Shafras  ; 

and  in  177;">,  Catherine  II.  of  Russia  gave 
for  it  £'.K>,UU0.     (See  DlAMOS 

Or'mandine    (:i    tyl.),    the    necro- 
mancer  who   threw    St.    David    i  i 

enchanted    sleep    :  ...    from 

which  he  was  reclaimed  by  S 

R.    Johnson,  us   of 

Christendom,  i.  9  (Uil7). 

Orme  i '•    .'  •  .  a  poor  gentleman  in 

h.se  «  ith  l.:  -• .     \\  > !.,  rt  I; 

Ormond    ( T  ,,    a    privy 

councilloi  of  Charli  •  11.     >.r  \\ .  Scott, 
tries  ll.  . 

Ormston 
Fairport. — ■Qit  W.  Scott,   The  An 

(time,  i  .•     ■    •    III.. 

Orin  .  diamonds.     The 

island  (  innus,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  is  a 
mart  for  these  precious  stones, 

I  ml  lUie.  which  far 
U.iUl.oiie  the  wr.ilth  "f  Onii.it. 

.  faradimt  Lou,  U  1  I10S3) 


ORNITHOLOGY. 


712        ORPHEUS  AND  EURYDICE. 


Ornithol'ogy  ( The  Father  of) ,  George 
Edwards  (1693-1773). 

Oroma'zes  (4  syl.),  the  principle  of 

food   in  Persian  mythology.      Same  as 
ezad  (q.v.). 

Oroonda'tes  (5  syl.),  only  son  of  a 
Scythian  king,  whose  love  for  Statlra 
(widow  of  Alexander  the  Great)  led  him 
into  numerous  dangers  and  difficulties, 
which,  however,  he  6urmouuted.  —  La 
Calprenede,  Cassandra  (a  romance). 

'  Oroono'ko  (Prince),  son  and  heir  of 
tlie  king  of  Angola,  and  general  of  the 
forces.  He  was  decoyed  by  captain 
Driver  aboard  his  ship  ;  his  suite  of 
twenty  men  were  made  drunk  with  rum  ; 
the  ship  weighed  anchor  ;  and  the  prince, 
with  all  his  men,  were  sold  as  slaves  in 
one  of  the  West  Indian  Islands.  Here 
Oroonoko  met  Imoin'da  (3  syl.),  his 
wife,  from  whom  he  had  been  separated, 
and  who  he  thought  was  dead.  He 
headed  a  rising  of  the  slaves,  and  the 
lieutenant-governor  tried  to  seduce  Imoin- 
da.  The  result  was  that  Imoinda  killed 
herself,  and  Oroonoko  (3  syl.)  slew  first 
the  lieutenant-governor  and  then  himself. 
Mrs.  Aphra  ISehn  became  acquainted 
with  the  prince  at  Surinam,  and  made 
the  story  of  his  life  the  basis  of  a  novel, 
which  Thomas  Southern  dramatized 
(1696). 

Jack  Bannister  P760-183G]  began  his  career  in  tragedy. 
.  .  .  Ciarrick  .  .  .  asked  him  what  character  he  wished 
tii  play  next.     "  Why,"  said  Bannister.  "  I  was  thinking 

i,l  ■  Oroonoko. Eh,  eh  I  "  exclaimed  David,  storms;  at 

Bannister,  who  was  very  thin  ;  "  yen  will  look  as  much  like 
'Oroonoko'  as  a  chimney-sweeper  iu  consumption." — T. 
Campbell. 

Orozem'bo,  a  brave  and  dauntless 
old  Peruvian.  When  captured  and 
brought  before  the  Spanish  invaders, 
Orozembo  openly  defied  them,  and  re- 
fused to  give  any  answer  to  their  ques- 
tions (act  i.  1).  —  Sheridan,  1'izarro 
(altered  from  Kotzebue,  1799). 

Orpas,  once  archbishop  of  Sev'ille. 
At  the  overthrow  of  the  Gothic  kingdom 
in  Spain,  Orpas  joined  the  Moors  and 
turned  Moslem.  Of  all  the  renegades 
"  the  foulest  and  the  falsest  wretch  was 
he  that  e'er  renounced  his  baptism."  He 
wished  to  marry  Florinda,  daughter  of 
count  Julian,  in  order  to  secure  "her 
wide  domains;"  but  Florinda  loathed  him. 
In  the  Moorish  council,  Orpas  advised 
Abulcacem  to  cut  off  count  Julian, 
"  whose  power  but  served  him  for  fresh 
treachery,  false  to  Roderick  first,  and  to 
the  caliph  now."  This  advice  was  acted 
on ;    but  as  the    villain    left    the    tent, 


Abulcacem  muttered  to  himself,  "  Look 
for  a  like  reward  thyself  ;  that  restless 
head  of  wickedness  in  the  grave  will 
brood  no  treason." — Southey,  Roderick, 
etc.,  xx.,  xxii.  (1814). 

Orphan  of  China,  a  drama  by 
Murphy.  Zaphimri,  the  sole  survivor 
of  the  royal  race  of  China,  was  committed 
in  infancy  to  Zamti,  the  mandarin,  that 
he  might  escape  from  the  hand  of  Ti'- 
murkan',  the  Tartar  conqueror.  Zamti 
brought  up  Zaphimri  as  his  son,  and  sent 
Hamet,  his  real  son,  to  Corea,  where  he  was 
placed  under  the  charge  of  Morat.  Twenty 
years  afterwards,  Hamet  led  a  band  of 
insurgents  against  Timurkan,  was  seized, 
and  ordered  to  be  put  to  death  under 
the  notion  that  he  was  "  the  orphan  of 
China."  Zaphimri,  hearing  thereof,  went 
to  the  Tartar  and  declared  that  he,  not 
Hamet,  was  the  real  prince  ;  whereupon 
Timurkan  ordered  Zamti  and  his  wife 
Mandane,  with  Hamet  and  Zaphimri, 
to  be  seized.  Zamti  and  Mandane  were 
ordered  to  the  torture,  to  wring  from  them 
the  truth.  In  the  interim,  a  party  of 
insurgent  Chinese  rushed  into  the  palace, 
killed  the  king,  and  established  "  the 
orphan  of  China"  on  the  throne  of  his 
fathers  (17o9). 

Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea, 
Martha,  thedaughterof  Ralph  de  Lascours 
(captain  of  the  Uran'ia)  and  his  wife 
Louise.  The  crew  having  rebelled,  the 
three,  with  their  servant  l.ar'abas,  were 
cast  adrift  in  a  boat,  which  ran  on  an 
iceberg  in  the  Frozen  Sea.  Ralph  thought 
it  was  a  small  island,  but  the  iceberg 
broke  up,  both  Ralph  and  his  wife  were 
drowned,  but  Barabas  and  Martha  escaped. 
Martha  was  taken  by  an  Indian  tribe, 
which  brought  her  up  and  named  her 
Orgari'ta  ("  withered  wheat  "),  from  her 
white  complexion.  In  Mexico  she  met 
with  her  sister  Diana  and  her  grand- 
mother Mde.  de  Theringe  (2  syl.),  and 
probably  married  Horace  de  Brienne. — E. 
Stirling,  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea  (185G). 

Orphan   of  the    Temple,  Marie 

The'rese  Charlotte  duchessedAngouleme, 
daughter  of  Louis  XVI.  ;  so  called  from 
the  Temple,  where  she  was  imprisoned. 
She  was  called  "  The  Modern  Antig'one  " 
by  her  uncle  Louis  XVIII. 

Orpheus.  (For  a  parallel  fable,  see 
Wainamoinen.) 

Orpheus  and  Eurydiee  (4  syl.), 
Gluck's  best  opera  (Orfeo).  Libretto  by 
Calzabigi,  who  also  wrote  for  Gliick  th« 


ORPHEUS  OF  HIGHWAYMEN.     718 


ORTHODOXY. 


libretto  of  Alonte  (I7U7).  King  pro- 
duced an  English  version  of  Or/>hcus  and 
Bury  I 

***  The  talc  is  introduced  by  Pope  in 
his  St.  Cecilia's  Ode. 

Of  Orj.lieus  now  no  more  let  poeta  tell. 

To  bright  Cecilia  (renter  power  i^  liven: 
Hi-  number!  railed  .1  ihade  from  liell. 

Hers  lift  the  ural  i"  bean  n. 

Pope.  St.  CecilUt't  Dan  (1709). 

Orpheus  of  Highwaymen,  John 
Gay,  author  of  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1688- 

Orpheus  of  the  Green  Isle 
( Thf),  Furlough  O'Carolan,  poet  and 
musician  (1G70-1738). 

Or'raca  (Qw?en),  wife  of  Affonso  II. 
The  legend  says  that  live  friars  of  Mo- 
rocco went  to  her,  and  said,  "Three  things 
we  prophesy  to  you  :  (1)  we  live  shall 
all  sutler  martyrdom  ;  (2)  our  bodies  will 
be  brought  to  Coimbra  ;  and  (.'!)  which- 
ever sees  our  relics  first,  you  or  t lie  king, 
will  die  the  same  day."  When  their 
bodies  were  brought  to  Coimbra,  the  king 
told  queen  Orraca  she  must  join  the  pro- 
cession with  him.  She  pleaded  illness,  but 
Alfonso  replied  the  relics  would  cure  her  ; 
bo  they  started  on  their  journey.  As  they 
were  going,  the  queen  told  the  king  to 
Bpeed  on  before,  as  she  could  not  travel 
so  fast ;  so  he  speeded  on  with  his  retinue, 
and  started  a  boar  on  the  road.  "  Follow 
him!"  cried  the  king,  and  they  went 
after  the  boar  and  killed  it.  In  the  mean 
time,  the  queen  reached  the  procession, 
fully  expecting  her  husband  had  joined 
it  long  ago;  but,  lo!  she  beheld  him  riding 
up  with  great  Bpeed.  That  night  the 
king  was  aroused  at  midnight  with  the 
intelligence  that  the  queen  was  dead.— 
Bouthey,  Queen  Orraca  (1838)  ;  Francisco 
Manuel  da  Esperanca,  Historia  Serafica 
(eighteenth  century). 

Orrock  (J>uggie)1  a  sheriffs  officer  at 
Fairport. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Orsin,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  rabble 
rout  that  attacked  Hadibras  at  the  bear- 
baiting.—  S.  Butler,  Hudibras  (1663). 

%*  The  prototype  of  this  rabble  leader 
was  Joshua  Gosling,  who  kept  the  Paris 
,  Bear-Gardeii,  in  Southward 

Orsi'ni  (Maffio),  a  young  Italian 
nobleman,  whose  life  was  saved  by 
Genna'ro  at  the  battle  ><(  Kim'ini.    Orsini 

In  came    the   fast,   friend    of   Gennaro,    but 
both  were  poisoned  by  the  princess  Neg*- 
roni    at  a  banquet.  —  Donizetti)    L 
di  Bur<jxi  (opera,  ltv;-)). 


Orsi'no,  duke  of  Illyria.  who  sought 
the  love  of  Olivia  a  rich  countess;  but 
Olivia  gave    no    encouragement   I 

suit,  and  the  duke  moped  and  pined, 
leaving  manly  Bports  for  music  and  other 
effeminate  employments.     Viola  1 

the  duke's  service  as  a  page,  and 
became  a  great  favourite.  When  Olivia 
married  Sebastian  (Viola's  brother),  and 
the  sex  of  Viola  became  known,  the  duke 
married  her  and  made  bet  duchess  of 
Illyria.  —  Shakespeare,  Twelfth 
(1(311). 

Orson,  twin-brother  of  Valentine, 
and  son  of  BeUiaant.  Tho  twin-brothers 
were  bom  in  a  wood  neai  Orleans,  and 
Orson  was  carried  off  by  a  bear,  which 
suckled  him  with  its  cubs.  When  he 
grew  up,  he  became  the  terror  "f  France, 
and  \\as  called  "The  Wild  Man  of  the 
Forest."  Ultimately,  he  was  reclaimed 
by  his  brother  Valentine,  overthrew  the 
Green  Knight,  and  married  Fezon  daugh- 
ter of  the  duke  of  Savary,  in  Aquitaine. — 
Valentine  and  Orson  (fifteenth  century). 

Orson  and  Ellen.  Young  Orson 
was  a  comely  young  farmer  from  Taun- 
ton, stout  as  an  oak,  and  very  fond  "f 
the  lasses,  but  he  hate. 1  matrimony,  and 
used  to  Bay,  "the  man  who  can  buy  milk 
is  a  fool  to  keep  a  cow."  White  still  a 
lad,  Orson  made  love  to  Ellen,  a  ru>tic 
maiden  ;  but,  in  the  fickleness  of  youth, 
forsook  her  for  a  richer  lass,  and  Ellen 
left  the  village,  wandered  tar  away,  and 
became   waiting-maid  to    old    Boniface 

the  innkeeper.  One  day,  OrSOU  hap- 
pened to  stop  at  this  very  inn,  and  Ellen 
waited  on  him.  Fire  years  had  passed 
9ince  they  had  seen  each  other,  and  at 
lirst  neither  knew  the  other.  When,  how- 
ever, t  lie  tacts  were  known,  Orson  made 
Ellen  his  wife,  ami  their  11  . 
was  given  by  Boniface  himself.  Peter 
Pindar  [Dr.  Wol< 
(1809). 

Ortel'lius  {Abraham)^  a  Dutch  geo- 
grapher, who  published,  in  1670,  his 
Theatrum     Orbit     Terra     or     I 

1 

I  mure  oonld  tell  t"  prow  ih'  pi  m  oar  uwn. 

Than  I  DU4M  :irr  l<>  UTtl  •  tl_ 

Drayton,  /'■'>.• fMon,  rt  (l'Jti 

Orthodoxy.  When  lord  Sandwich 
said,  "  he  did  not  know  the  difference 
between  orthodoxy  and  heterodoxy," 
Warburton  bishop  of  Gloucester  n  plud. 

"Orthodoxy,  my   lord,  is   mu  doxy,  and 

heterodoxy  is  another  man's  doxy." 


ORTHODOXY. 


714 


O'SHANTER. 


Orthodoxy  (The  Father  of),  Athanasius 
(296-373). 

Orthrus,  the  two-headed  dog  of 
Euryt'ion  the  herdsman  of  Geryon'eo. 
It  was  the  progeny  of  Typha'on  and 
Echidna, 

With  his  two-headed  dogge  that  Orthrus  hlght, 
Orthrus  begotten  by  groat  Typhoon 
And  foule  Echidna  in  the  house  of  Night. 

Spenser,  Faery  queen,  v.  10,  10  (159G). 

Ortwine  (2  syl.),  knight  of  Metz, 
Bister's  son  of  sir  Hagan  of  Trony,  a 
Burgundian.  —  The  jtiibelungen  Lied 
(eleventh  century). 

Or'ville  (Lord),  the  amiable  and 
devoted  lover  of  Evelina,  whom  he  ulti- 
mately marries. — Miss  liurney,  Evelina 
(1778). 

Osbaldistone  (Mr.),  a  London  mer- 
chant. 

Frank  Osbaldistone,  his  son,  in  love 
with  Diana  Vernon,  whom  he  marries. 

Sir  Hildebrand  Osbaldistone,  of  Os- 
baldistone Hall,  uncle  of  Frank,  his 
heir. 

His  Sons  were:  Percival,  "the  sot;" 
Thorndiff,  "the  bully;"  John,  "the 
gamekeeper;"  Richard,  "the  horse- 
jockey;"  Wilfred,  "the  fool;"  and 
Eashle'tgh,  "  the  scholar,"  a  perfidious 
villain,  killed  by  Rob  Roy.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bob  Hoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Bob  Roy  Macyreyor  was  dramatized  by 
Pocock. 

Osborne  (Mr.),  a  hard,  money- 
loving,  purse-proud,  wealthy  London 
merchant,  whose  only  gospel  was  that 
"according  to  Mammon."  He  was  a 
widower,  and  his  heart  of  hearts  was 
to  see  his  son,  captain  George,  marry  a 
rich  mulatto.  While  his  neighbour 
Sedley  was  prosperous,  old  Sedley  en- 
couraged the  love-making  of  George  and 
Miss  Sedley  ;  but  when  old  Sedley 
failed,  and  George  dared  to  marry  the 
bankrupt's  daughter,  to  whom  lie  was 
engaged,  the  old  merchant  disinherited 
him.  Captain  George  fell  on  the  field  of 
Waterloo,  but  the  heart  of  old  Osborne 
would  not  relent,  and  he  allowed  the 
widow  to  starve  in  abject  poverty.  He 
adopted,  however,  the  widow's  son, 
George,  and  brought  him  up  in  absurd 
luxury  and  indulgence.  A  more  de- 
testable cad  than  old  Sedley  cannot  be 
imagined. 

Maria  and  Jane  Osborne,  daughters  of 
the  merchant,  and  of  the  same  mould. 
Mtiria  married  Frederick  liullock,  a 
banker's  son. 


Captain  George  Osborne,  son  of  th« 
merchant ;  selfish,  vain,  extravagant,  and 
self-indulgent.  He  was  engaged  to 
Amelia  Sedley  while  her  father  was  in 
prosperity,  and  captain  Dobbin  induced 
him  to  marry  her  after  the  father  was 
made  a  bankrupt.  Happily,  George  fell 
on  the  field  of  Waterloo,  or  one  would 
never  vouch  for  his  conjugal  fidelity. — 
Thackeray,  Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

Oscar,  son  of  Ossian  and  grandson  of 
Fingal.  He  was  engaged  to  Malvi'na, 
daughter  of  Toscar,  but  before  the  day  of 
marriage  arrived,  he  was  slain  in  Ulster, 
fighting  against  Cairbar,  who  had  treacher- 
ously invited  him  to  a  banquet  and  then 
slew  him,  a.d.  296.  Oscar  is  repre- 
sented as  most  brave,  warm-hearted,  and 
impetuous,  most  submissive  to  his  father, 
tender  to  Malvina,  and  a  universal 
favourite. 

"O  Oscar,"  said  Fingal.  "  bend  the  strong  in  arm,  but 
spare  the  feeble  hand.  Be  thou  a  stream  of  many  tidea 
against  the  fues  of  thy  people,  but  like  the  gale  that 
moves  the  grass  to  those  who  ask  thine  aid.  .  .  .  Nevel 
search  for  battle,  nor  shun  it  when  it  comes." — Ossian, 
Fingal,  iii. 

Cairbar  shrinks  before  Oscar's  sword.  He  creeps  in 
darkness  behhid  a  stone.  He  lifts  the  spear  in  secret; 
he  pierces  0«ar's  side.  Oscar  falls  forward  on  his  shield  ; 
his  knee  sustains  the  chief,  but  still  the  spear  is  in  his 
hand.  See  !  gloomy  Cairbar  tails.  The  steel  pierced  hia 
forehead,  and  divided  his  red  hair  behind.  He  lav  like  a 
shattered  rock  .  .  .  but  never  more  shall  Oscar  arise. — 
Ossian,  Temora,  L 

Oscar  Boused  from  Sleep.  "  Ca-olt 
took  up  a  huge  stone  and  hurled  it  on  the 
hero's  head.  The  hill  for  three  miles 
round  shook  with  the  reverberation  of  the 
blow,  and  the  stone,  rebounding,  rolled 
out  of  sight.  Whereon  Oscar  awoke,  and 
told  Caolt  to  reserve  his  blows  for  his 
enemies." 

Gun  thog  Caoilte  a  chlach,  nach  gin, 
Agus  a  u'  aighai'  chiean  gun  bhuail ; 
Tri  mil  an  tulloch  gun  chri. 

Gaelic  Romancei. 

Os'ewald  (3  syl.),  the  reeve,  of  "the 
carpenteres  craft,"  an  old  man. — Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

Oseway  (Dame),  the  ewe,  in  the 
beast-epic  of  Bcynard  t/ie  Fox  (1498). 

O'Shanter  (Tarn),  a  farmer,  who, 
returning  home  from  Ayr  very  late  and 
well-soaked  with  liquor,  had  to  pass  the 
k\ck  of  Alloway.  Seeing  it  was  illumi- 
n**,ed,  he  peeped  in,  and  saw  there  the 
w>*ches  and  devils  dancing,  while  old 
Cb*jtie  was  blowing  the  bagpipes.  Tarn 
got  so  excited  that  he  roared  out  to  one 
of  the  dancers,  "  Weel  done,  Cutty  Sark  ! 
We'd  done  !  "  In  a  moment  all  was  dark. 
Tarn  now  spurred  his  "  grey  mare  Meg  " 


OSIKIS. 


715 


OSSEO. 


to  the  top  of  her  speed,  while  all  the 
fiends  chased  after  him.  The  river  Doon 
W:i>  near,  and  Tain  just  reached  the 
middle  of  the  bridge  when  one  of  the 
witche*,  whom  lie  tailed  Cutty  Sark, 
touched  him  ;  but  it  was  too  late — he  had 
passed  the  middle  of  the  stream,  and  was 
out  of  the  power  of  the  crew.  Not  so 
his  mare's  tail — that  had  not  yet  passed 
the  magic  line,  and  Cutty  Sark,  clinging 
thereto,  dragged  it  off  with  an  infernal 
wrench. — R,  Burns,  Toon  ffShanter. 

Osi'ris,  judge  of  the  dead,  brother 
and  husband  of  1  sis.  Osiris  is  identical 
with  Adonis  and  Thammuz.  All  three 
represent  the  sun,  six  months  above 
the  equator,  and  six  months  below  it. 
Adonis  passed  six  months  with  Aphro- 
dite in  heaven,  and  six  months  with 
Persephonu  in  hell.  So  Osiris  in  heaven 
was  the  beloved  of  Isis,  but  in  the  land 
of  darkness  was  embraced  by  Nepthys. 

Osi'ris,  the  sun  ;  Isis,  the  moon. 

Tliey  \the  fn-Uiu]  wore  ricl\  mitres  slm|ieil  liko  the  moon. 
To  show  that  Isi>  dotfa  the  noon  portend. 
Liko  as  Osiris  signifies  tho  sun. 

Spenser,  FaHry  Queen,  r.  7  (UBS), 

Osman,  sultan  of  the  East,  the  great 
conqueror  of  the  Christians,  a  man  of 
most  magnanimous  mind  and  of  noble 
generosity.      He    loved    Zara,    a   young 

Christian  captive,  and  was  by  her  beloved 
with  equal  ardour  and  sincerity.  Zara 
was  the  daughter  of  Lusignao  d'Outretner, 
a  Christian  king  of  Jerusalem  ;  she  was 
taken  prisoner  by(  Isman's  father,  with  her 
elder  brother  Nerestan,  then  four  years 
old.  After  twenty  years'  captivity,  Neres- 
tan was  sent  to  France  for  ransom,  and 
on  his  return  presented  himself  before 
the  sultan,  who  fancied  he  perceived  a 
sort  of  intimacy  between  the  young  man 
and  Zara,  which  excited  his  suspicion 
and  jealousy.  A  letter,  begging  that 
Zara  would  meet,  him  in  a  "  secret 
e"  of  the  seraglio,  fell  into  the 
sultan's  hands,  and  continued  his  sus- 
picions.    Zara   went,   to   the  rendezvous, 

where  Osman  met  her  and  stubbed  her  to 

the  heart.  Nerestan  was  Boon  brought 
before  him,  and  told  him  he  had  mur- 
dered his  sister,  and  all  be  Wanted  of  her 
was  to  tell  her  of  the  death  of  her  father, 
and  to  brine;  her  his  dying  benediction. 
Stung  with  remorse,  |  Ismail  liberated  all 
bis  Christian  captives,  and  then  stabbed 
himself.— Aaron  Hill,  Zara  (1785). 

%*  This  tragedy  is  an  English  adapta- 
tion of  Voltaire's  Zaire  (17.    • 

Osruand,    a    necromancer    who,  by 


enchantment,  raised  up  an  army  to  resist 
the  Christians.  Six  of  the  champions 
were  enchanted  by  Osmand,  but  St. 
George  restored  them,  osmand  tore  off 
his  hair  in  which  lay  his  spirit  of 
enchantment,  bit  his  tongue  in  two,  em- 
bowelled  himself,  cut  on  his  arms,  and 
died. — R.  Johnson,  8even  Champion*  of 
Christendom,  i.  lit  (1017;. 

Osmond,  an  old  Varangian  guard. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Pari* 
(time,  Iiufus). 

Osmyn,  a/i7is  Alfhcsso,  son  of 
Anselmo  kino;  of  Valentia,  and  husband 
of  Alme'ria  daughter  of  Manuel  king  of 
Grana'da.  Supposed  to  have  been  lost  at 
sea,  but  in  reality  cast  on  the  African 
coast,  and  tended  by  '{un-n  Zara,  who 
falls  in  love  with  him.  Both  are  taken 
captive  by  Manuel,  and  brought  to 
Granada.     Here    Manuel    falls    in    love 

with  Zara,  but  Zara  retain-  her  passionate 
love  for  Alphonso.      Alphonso  makes  his 

escape,  returns  at  the  head  of  an  army  to 
Granada,  6nds  both  the  king  and  Zara 
dead,  but  Almeria  being  still  alive  be- 
comes his  acknowledged  bride.  —  \V. 
Congreve,  The  Mourning  Bride  (1697). 

%*  "  Osman  "  was  one  of  John  Kem- 
ble's  characters,  Mrs.  Siddons  taking  the 
rule  of  "Zara." 

Osnaburghs,  the  cloths  so  called  ; 
a  corruption  of  OanabrUck,  in  Hanover, 
where  these  coarse  linens  were  first  pro- 
duced. 

Osprey.  AVhen  fish  see  the  osprey. 
the  Legend  says,  they  are  so  fascinated 
that  they  "swoon,"  and,  turning  OH  their 
backs,  yield  themselves  an  easy  prey  to 
the  bird.  Rattlesnakes  exercise  th«  same 
fascination  over  birds. 

But   .    .    .  turning    their  belllei   up,  :i»   tho'  Uictr  ilcaln 

tiny  saw. 
They  Hi  his  plaMOH  lie.  t..  ■tnffhli  tjtattoaoai  n\»w. 
Drayton,  l\.i,    Men,  n>.    . 

Osriek,  a  court    fop,  contemptible  foi 

his  affectation  and  finical  dandyism.  He 
is  made  umpire  by  kin.;  Claudius,  v  hen 
and  Hamlet  "  plaj  "  with  rapiers 
in  "friendly"  combat.— Shakespeare, 
Hamlet  (168 

Osso'o,  son  of  the  Evening  Star, «  hose 
« iie  was  <  t'weenee.     In  the   Northland 

there  w.re  once  ten  sisters  of  surp  I 

beauty;  nine  married  beautiful  young 
husbands,  but  the  youngest,  named 
Oweenee,  fixed  her  affections  on  Osseo, 
who  was  "ojd,  poor,  and  ugly,"  out 
"  most    beautiful    within."     All    being 


OSSIAN. 


71G 


OTRANTO. 


invited  to  a  feast,  the  nine  set  upon  their 
youngest  sister,  taunting  her  for  having 
married  Osseo  ;  but  forthwith  Osseo 
leaped  into  a  fallen  oak,  and  was  trans- 
formed to  a  most  handsome  young  man, 
his  wife  to  a  very  old  woman,  "  wrinkled 
and  ugly,"  but  his  love  changed  not. 
Soon  another  change  occurred  :  Oweenee 
resumed  her  former  beauty,  and  all  the 
sisters  and  their  husbands  were  changed 
to  birds,  who  were  kept  in  cages  about 
Osseo's  wigwam.  In  due  time  a  son  was 
born,  and  one  day  he  shot  an  arrow  at 
one  of  the  caged  birds,  and  forthwith  the 
nine,  with  their  husbands,  were  changed 
to  pygmies. 

From  the  story  of  Osseo 

Let  [ut\  learn  the  fate  of  jesters. 

Longfellow,  lliawitha,  xii.  (1855). 

Ossian,  the  warrior-bard.  He  was 
Bon  of  Fingal  (king  of  Morven)  and  his 
first  wife  Hos-crana  (daughter  of  Cormac 
king  of  Ireland). 

His  wife  was  Evir-Allen,  daughter  of 
Branna  (a  native  of  Ireland) ;  and  his  son 
was  Oscar. 

Ostrich  ( The)  is  said,  in  fable,  not  to 
brood  over  her  eggs,  but  to  hatch  them  by 
gazing  on  them  intently.  Both  birds  are 
employed,  for  if  the  gaze  is  suspended 
for  only  one  moment,  the  eggs  are  addled. 
— Vanslebe. 

(This  is  an  emblem  of  the  ever- 
watchful  eye  of  Providence.) 

Such  a  look  .  .  . 
The  mother  ostrich  fixes  on  her  egg, 
Till  that  intense  affection 
Kindles  its  light  of  life. 
Southey,  ThaUitxi  the  Destroyer,  hi.  24  (1797). 

Ostrich  Egg.  Captain  F.  Burnaby 
ttaw  an  ostrich  egg  hung  by  a  silver  chain 
from  the  ceiling  of  the  principal  mosque 
of  Sivas,  and  was  told  it  was  a  warning 
to  evil-doers. 

The  ostrich  always  looks  at  the  eggs  she  lays,  and  hreaks 
those  that  are  bad.  So  God  will  break  evil-doers  as  the 
ostrich  her  worllUes3  eggs. — Burnaby,  On  JJorteback 
through  Atia  Minor,  xxix.  (1S77). 

Oswald,  steward  to  Goneril  daugh- 
ter of  king  Lear. — Shakespeare,  King 
Lear  (1G05). 

Oswald,  the  cup-bearer  to  Cedric  the 
Saxon,  of  Rotherwood. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Jvanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Oswald  (Prince),  being  jealous  of 
Gondibert,  his  rival  for  the  love  of 
Rhodalind  (the  heiress  of  Aribert  king 
of  Lombardy),  headed  a  faction  against 
him.  A  battle  was  imminent,  but  it  was 
determined  to  decide  the  quarrel  by  four 
combatants  on  each  side.     In  this  com- 


bat, Oswald  was  slain  by  Gondibert. — Sil 
W.  Davenant,  Gondibert,  i.  (died  1668). 

Othel'lo,  the  Moor,  commander  of 
the  Venetian  army.  Logo  was  his  ensign 
or  ancient.  Desdemona,  the  daughter  of 
Brabantio  the  senator,  fell  in  love  with 
the  Moor,  and  he  married  her  ;  but  Iago, 
by  his  artful  villainy,  insinuated  to  him 
such  a  tissue  of  circumstantial  evidence 
of  Desdemona's  love  for  Cassio,  that, 
Othello's  jealousy  being  aroused,  he 
smothered  her  with  a  pillow,  and  then 
killed  himself.  —  Shakespeare,  Othello 
(1611). 

The  fiery  openness  of  Othello,  magnanimous,  guileless, 
and  credulous,  boundless  in  his  confidence,  ardent  in  his 
affection,  inflexible  in  his  resolution,  and  obdurate  in  bis 
revenge.  .  .  .  The  gradual  progress  which  lago  makes  in 
the  Moor's  conviction,  and  the  circumstances  which  he 
employs  to  inflame  him,  are  so  artfully  natural  .  .  .  that 
we  cannot  but  pity  him. — Dr.  Johnson. 

%*  The  story  of  this  tragedy  is  taken 
from  the  novelletti  of  Giovanni  Giraldi 
Cinthio  (died  1573). 

Addison  says  of  Thomas  Betterton 
(1635-1710)  :  "  The  wonderful  agony 
which  he  appeared  in  when  he  examined 
the  circumstance  of  the  handkerchief  in 
the  part  of  '  Othello,'  and  the  mixture 
of  love  that  intruded  on  his  mind  at  the 
innocent  answers  of  '  Desdemona,'  .  .  . 
were  the  perfection  of  acting."  Donald- 
son, in  his  Recollections,  says  that  Spran- 
ger  Barry  (1719-1777)  was  the  beau-ideal 
of  an  "Othello;"  and  C.  Leslie,  in  hia 
Autobio</raph>/,  says  the  same  of  Edmund 
Kean  (1787-1833). 

Otho,  the  lord  at  whose  board  count 
Lara  was  recognized  by  sir  Ezzelin.  A 
duel  was  arranged  for  the  next  day,  and 
the  contending  parties  were  to  meet  in 
lord  Otho's  hall.  When  the  time  of 
meeting  arrived,  Lara  presented  himself, 
but  no  sir  Ezzelin  put  in  his  appearance  ; 
whereupon  Otho,  vouching  for  the 
knight's  honour,  fought  with  the  count, 
and  was  wounded.  On  recovering  from 
his  wound,  lord  Otho  became  the  invete- 
rate enemy  of  Lara,  and  accused  him 
openly  of  having  made  away  with  sir 
Ezzelin.  Lara  made  himself  very  popular, 
and  headed  a  rebellion  ;  but  lord  Otho 
opposed  the  rebels,  and  shot  him. — Byron. 
Lara  (1814). 

Otnit,  a  legendary  emperor  of  Lom- 
bardy, who  gains  the  daughter  of  the 
soldan  for  wife,  bv  the  help  of  Elberich. 
the  dwarf.  —  The  Eeldenbuch  (twelfth 
century). 

Otranto  (Tancrcd  prince  of),  a  cru« 
sader. 


oti:anto. 


717 


OVERS 


Erm-^t  nf  Otranto,  page  of  the  prince 
of  Otranto. — sir  \\ .  Scott,  Cuunt  i 
of  Paris  (time,  Kufus). 

Otranto  (  The  Oattle  of),  a  romance  by 
l .  Walpole  (1769). 

O'Trigger  (Sir  Lucius),  a  fortune- 
lmutii»_c  Irishman,  ready  to  fight  every 
<>nr,  ><!!  any  matter,  at  any  time. — 
Sheridan,  /  L775). 

"Sir    I  i  "    " CaUaghiui    O'Brallaghan," 

"in.'yur  ii  I  I  ,h.  in,"  "Teague,"  »nd  '   I 
diT)  "  «n  .     I.i.  k   .1  ■  -li  n  -T    i 

i  .  .lours.  — 7Vmj   .\Yk>    Monthly     M 

• 

***  "Callaghan  O'Brallaghan,"  in  Love 

a-la-uuxl .'( Mark  I  in  i ;  "major  I  ►'Flaherty," 
in  The  West  Indian  (Cumberland)  ; 
"Tongue,"  in  The  Committee  (Hon.  sir 
R,    Howard);    "Dennis    Brulgruddery," 

in  Ju/in  Hull  (Colman). 

Otta'vio  (Don),  the  lover  of  donna 
Anna,  wlmm  he  was  about  to  make  his 
wife,  when  don  Giovanni  seduced  her 
ami  killril  hrr  father  (the  commandant 
of  the  city)  in  a  duel. — Mozart,  Don 
Giovanni  (opera,  1787). 

Otto,  duke  of  Normandy,  the  victim 
of  Rollo  called  "The  Bloody   Brother." 
-  Beaumont  and    Fletcher,    The 
Brother  (1639). 

Ot'uel  (jSSet),  a  haughty  and  pre- 
sumptuous Saracen,  miraculously  con- 
verted.    Ilr  was  a  nephew  of   Ferragus 

•  ■r    1  ■  rracute,  and  married  a  daughter  of 

Charlemagne. 

Ouida,  an  infantine  corruption  of 
Louisa.  The  full  name  is  Louise  de  la 
Ramee,  authoress  of  Under  Two  Flags 
(1867),  and  many  other  novels. 

Ouran'abad,  ■  monster  represented 
ns  a  fierce  flying  hydra.  It  beloi 
the  same  class  as  ih  the  Bakshe,  whose 
ordinary  food  was  serpents  and  dragons  ; 
(•_')  the  Soham,  which  had  the  head  of  a 
and  the  body  of  a  fiery 
d  ;  (8)  the  8yl,  a  basilisk,  w  ith 
human  face,  but  so  terrible  thai  ■ 
could  look  on  it  and  live;  (4)  the  Ejder. 
— Richardson's  Dictionary  ("  Persian  and 

Arahic  "). 

iii  iii.  band,  which  iinin.i.T  bad  bliat 
■ 

i  i  .1  nJI  He  powanof  tin-  *tsjm  \~>  trunbl*. 

— W.  Batkbnl,  rolAal 

Outalissi,  eagle  of  the  Indian  trilie 
of  om-y'da,  the  death-enemies  of  the 
Herons.  When  the  Hurons  attacked  the 
fun  under  the  command  of  Wald 
(3  syi.).  a  genera]  massacre  was  made,  in 
which  Waidegrave  and  his  %\  1 1 <•  were 
•Jain,    liut  Mi...  Waldegrave,  before  ^-hc 


died,  i imitted  hex  boy   Henry  to  the 

charge  of  <  rutalissi,  and  told  him  to  place 

Id  in  the  hands  of  Albert  of  Wy*- 

oming,  her  friend.    This  Outalisai  did. 

After  a  lapseof  fifl  one  Brandt, 

at   the   head  of  a   mixed   army  of    I 

and    Indians,   attacked    Oneyda,   and   a 

genera]  massacre 

•  waned  t"  Wj  omingi 
just  in  time  to  give  warning  "f  the 
approach  of  Brandt.     8  is  this 

done,  when  Brand!  arrived.  Albeit  and 
his  daughter  Gertrude  wire  both  shot, 
and  the  whole  settlement  was  extirpated. 
— Campbell,  Oeri 

Otitis    (Greek    fur    "  nobody "),    a 
name  assumed  by  Odysseus  i  V  .  a 

the  cave  of  Polypheme  8  ■,'■■).  When 
the  monster  roai    I  with  pain   fmni  the 

hiss    nf    his   eye,    his    brothel    giants    de- 
manded who  was  hurting  him.     '*( 
.\       fy),  thundered  on!  Polypheme.  and 
his  companions  left  him. — Homer,  • 

SCI/. 

Outram  (Lance),  park-keeper  to  fir 
Geoffrey  Peveril.     a  i   W.  Bcott,  Peveri 
.  (time,  <  lharles  II.). 

Over  the  Hills  and  Far  Away. 
— Farquhar,  The  R  oru  I 

Overdees  (Bowley){  a  highwayman. 

— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Ouy  Mannering  (time, 
George  II.). 

O'verdo    (Justice),   in    lien   Jonson'e 
Bartholomew  Fair  (1614). 

Overdone     (Mistress),    a    bawd.- 
Shakespeare,  M  '■    uure(1608). 

Overreach    (Sir   Giles).   Wellborn't 

Uncle.        An     Unscrupulous,     hard-hearted 

rascal,  grasping  and  proud.     He  ruined 
the  estates   both  of   Wellborn  and  All- 
worth,  and  bj    overreaching 
mously  rich.     His  ambition  was  t"  !•«• 
his  daughter    Margaret    ma 
hut    the    overreacher    \v .i--    overrt 
Thinking  Wellborn  mi  about  to  marry 
the  rich  dowager  Allworth,  he  not  only 
paid  all  his  debts,  but  supplied  bis  pre- 
sent   wants    most    Liberally,    ondi 

■i  "if  she  |iru\e  hi-,  all  that  is  hers 

is  mine."    Having  thus  done,  he  finds 

that  lady  Allworth  does  not   marry  \\  .  .   - 

l">rn    but    lord    Lovell.      In   regard    t" 
: ■  t,  foncj  ing  she  vras  sure  to  marry 
lord  Lovell,  he  gives  his  full  cons< 
Inr  marriage  ;  but  finds  she  return 
church   nnt   lady    Lovell    bet    Mrs.  All- 
worth.     M  r,  A  New  Way  tv  Jay 

Uld  lKbl*  (lea 


OVERS. 

***  The  prototype  of  "sir  Giles  Over- 
reach" was  sir  Giles  Mompesson,  a  usurer 
outlawed  for  his  misdeeds. 

When  Kemble  played  "sir  Giles  Overreach,"  he  was 
anxious  to  represent  the  part  as  Henderson  [17-17-1785] 
had  done  it,  and  wrote  to  Mrs.  Inchbald  to  know  "  what 
kind  of  a  hat  Mr.  Henderson  wore ;  what  kind  of  wig, 
cravat,  ruffles,  clothes,  stockings  with  or  without  clocks, 
square  or  round-toed  shoes.  I  shall  be  uneasy  if  I 
have  not  an  idea  of  his  dress,  even  to  the  shape  of  his 
buckles  and  what  rinss  be  wore  on  his  hands.  Morose- 
ness  and  cruelty  seem  the  groundwork  of  this  monstrous 
figure ;  but  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  whether,  in  copying  it, 
I  should  draw  the  lines  that  express  his  courtesy  to  lord 
l/}vel  [sic]  with  an  exaggerated  strength  or  not.  .  .  ." 
Mrs.  Inchbald's  answer  is  unfortunately  lost. — W.  C. 
Russell,  Representative  Actors. 

I  saw  Kenible  play  "sir  Giles  Overreach "  last  night; 
but  he  came  not  within  a  hundred  miles  of  G.  F.  Cooke 
[1756-1812J,  whose  terrible  visage,  and  short,  abrupt  utter- 
ance, gave  a  reality  to  that  atrocious  character.  Kemble 
was  too  handsome,  too  plausible,  and  too  smooth. — Sir 
W.  Scott 

Overs  (John),  a  ferryman,  who  used 
to  ferry  passengers  from  Southwark  to 
the  City,  and  accumulated  a  considerable 
hoard  of  money  by  his  savings.  On  one 
occasion,  to  save  the  expense  of  board, 
he  simulated  death,  expecting  his  ser- 
vants would  fast  till  he  was  buried  ;  but 
they  broke  into  his  larder  and  cellar,  and 
held  riot.  When  the  old  miser  could 
bear  it  no  longer,  he  started  up,  and  be- 
laboured his  servants  right  and  Left ;  but 
one  of  them  struck  the  old  man  with  an 
oar,  and  killed  him. 

Mary  Overs,  the  beautiful  daughter  of 
the  ferryman.  Her  lover,  hastening  to 
tmvn,  was  thrown  from  his  horse,  and 
died.  She  then  became  a  nun,  and 
founded  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Overs'  on 
the  site  of  her  father's  house. 

Overton  (Colonel),  one  of  Cromwell's 
officers. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time, 
Commonwealth). 

Ovid  (The  French),  Du  Bellay ;  also 
called  "The  Father  of  Grace  and  Ele- 
gance" (1524-15G0). 

Ovid  and  Corinna.  Ovid  dis- 
guises, under  the  name  of  Corinna,  the 
daughter  of  Augustus,  named  Julia,  noted 
for  her  beauty,  talent,  and  licentiousness. 
Some  say  that  Corinna  was  Livia  the  wife 
of  Augustus. — Amor.,  i.  5. 

So  was  her  heavenly  body  comely  raised 

On  two  lairc  columnes;  those  that  Ovid  praised 

In  Julia's  borrowed  name. 

Ovo.  Ab  ovo  usque  ad  mala  ("from 
the  egg  to  the  apple"),  from  the  beginning 
to  the  end  of  a  feast  or  meal.  The  Romans 
began  their  entertainments  with  eggs,  and 
ended  with  fruits. — Horace,  Sat.,  i.  3,  6  ; 
Cicero,  Fain.,  ix.  20. 

O'wain  (Sir),  the  Irish  knight  of  king 
Stephen's  court,  who  passed  through  St. 
Patrick's  purgatory  by  way  of  penance. 


718  OX 

— Henry  of  Saltrey,  The  Descent  of  Owain 
(1153). 

O'weenee,  the  youngest  of  ten  sis- 
ters, all  of  surpassing  beauty.  She  married 
Osseo,  who  was  "  old,  poor,  and  ugly," 
but "  most  beautiful  within."  (See  Osseo.) 
— Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  xii.  (1855). 

Owen  (Sam),  groom  of  Darsie  Latimer, 
i.e.  sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redgauntlet. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redyauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Owen,  confidential  clerk  of  Mr.  Os- 
baldistone,  senior. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob 
Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Owen  (Sir)  passed  in  dream  through 
St.  Patrick's  purgatory.  He  passed  the 
convent  gate,  and  the  warden  placed  him 
in  a  collin.  When  the  priests  had  sung 
over  him  the  sen-ice  of  the  dead,  they 
placed  the  coffin  in  a  cave,  and  sir  Owen 
made  his  descent.  He  came  first  to  an 
ice  desert,  and  received  three  warnings 
to  retreat,  but  the  warnings  were  not 
heeded,  and  a  mountain  of  ice  fell  on 
him.  "Lord,  Thou  canst  save!"  he  cried 
as  the  ice  fell,  and  the  solid  mountain  be- 
came like  dust,  and  did  sir  Owen  no  harm. 
He  next  came  to  a  lake  of  fire,  and  a 
demon  pushed  him  in.  "  Lord,  Thou 
canst  save  !  "  he  cried,  and  angels  carried 
him  to  paradise.  He  woke  with  ecstasy, 
and  found  himself  lying  before  the  cavern's 
mouth. — R.  Southey,  St.  Patrick's  Pur- 
gatory (from  the  "Fabliaux  of  Mon.  le 
Grand). 

Owen  Meredith,  Robert  Bulwer 
Lytton,  afterwards  lord  Lytton,  son  of 
the  poet  and  novelist  (1831-        ). 

Owl  (The),  sacred  to  Minerva,  was 
the  emblem  of  Athens. 

Owls  hoot  In  Bb  andGb,  or  In  Fjf  and  Ab.— ReT. 
G.  White,  Natural  History  of  Seiborn;  xlv.  (1789). 

Owl  a  Baker's  Daughter  (The). 
Our  Lord  once  went  into  a  baker's  shop 
to  ask  for  bread.  The  mistress  instantly 
put  a  cake  in  the  oven  for  Him,  but  the 
daughter,  thinking  it  to  be  too  large, 
reduced  it  to  half  the  size.  The  dough, 
however,  swelled  to  an  enormous  bulk, 
and  the  daughter  cried  out,  "  Heugh ! 
heugh  !  heugh  ! "  and  was  transformed 
into  an  owl. 

Well,  God  Held  you  1  They  say  the  owl  was  a  baker  i 
daughter. — Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (15U6). 

Ox  (The  Dumb),  St.  Thomas  Aqui'nas ; 
so  named  by  his  fellow-students  on  ac- 
count of  his  taciturnity  (1224-1274). 

An  ox  once  spoke  as  learned  men  deliver. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Rule  a  Wife  and  Have  a  Wife,  iii.  1  |lMii), 

Ox.      'The  black  ox  hath  trod  on  his  foot, 


OXFORD.  719 


he  hag  married  and  is  hen-pecked  ;  cala- 
mity has  befallen  him.  The  black  ox  was 
sacrificed  to  the  infornals,  and  was  con- 
sequently held  accursed.  When  Tusser 
■ays  the  best  way  to  thrive  is  to  get 
married,  the  objector  says: 

Why.  then,  do  folk  this  proverb  put, 
"The  Mack  ox  near  tr.>. l  on  thy  foot." 
If  thai  way  were  to  thrive! 

Wittttgand  Thriving,  Ivii.  (1M7). 
The  black  one  had  not  bods  on  his  or  her  foote; 
Hut  an  his  branch  of  bleaM  eonld  reach  any  roote, 
The  Bowers  so  faded,  that  In  fifteen  weekea 
A  man  might  copy  the  change  In  the  cheeket 
Both  of  tlie  puoru  wretch  and  lib  wife. 

Haywood  (164G). 

Oxford  (John  earl  of),  an  exiled  Lan- 
castrian. He  appears  with  his  son  Arthur 
as  a  travelling  merchant,  under  the  name 
of  I'hilipson. 

%*  The  son  of  the  merchant  Philipson 
is  sir  Arthur  de  Vere. 

Tfie  countess  of  Oxford,  wife  of  the  earl. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Oxford  ( The  young  carl  of),  in  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kavil- 
joorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Oxford  Boat  Crew,  dark  blue. 
Cambridge  boat  crew,  light  blue. 

%*  Oxford  Blues,  the  Royal  Horse 
Guards. 

Oxford  University,  said  to  have 
been  founded  by  king  Alfred,  in  886. 

.  .  .  religious  Alfred  .  .  . 
Renowned  Oxford  built  to  Apollo's  learned  brood; 
And  on  the  hallowed  bunk  of  Isis'  goodly  flood. 
Worthy  the  glorious  arls,  did  gorgeous  bowers  provide. 
Drayton,  1'olyolhion,  xi.  11613). 

Oyster.  Pistol  says,  "The  world's 
mine  oyster,  which  I  with  sword  will 
open."  He  alludes  to  the  proverb,  "The 
mayor  of  Northampton  opens  oysters  with 
his  dagger,"  for,  Northampton  being  some 
eighty  Utiles  from  the  sea,  oysters  were 
so  stale  before  they  reached  the  town 
(before  railroads  or  even  coaches  were 
known),  that  the  "mayor"  would  be 
loth  to  bring  them  near  his  nose. 

Oysters.  Those  most  esteemed  by 
the  Romans  were  the  oysters  of  Cyzieum, 
in  Iiithynia,  and  of  Lucrinuin,  in  Apulia, 
upon  the  Adriatic  Sea.  The  best  m 
15rituin  used  to  be  the  oysters  of  Walfieet, 
near  Colchester. 

Think  you  our  oysters  here  unworthy  of  your  praise  1 
l"nre  Walfleet  ...  as  excellent  at  those  .  .  . 
The  Cyric  shells,  or  thoae  on  the  Lucriniau  coast 

Drayton,  J'olyolbioii,  xix.  (189). 

*#*  The  oysters  most  esteemed  by 
Englishmen  arc  the  VVhitstable,  which 
fetch  a  fabulous  price.  ( Solchestcr  oysters 
inatives)  in  187»  were  sold  at  is.  a  dozen. 


Ozair  (2  s>/l.),  a  prophet.     One  day 

riding  on  an  ass  by  the  ruins  of  .Jerusa- 
lem, after  its  destruction  by  the  Chal- 
deans, he  doubted  in  his  mind  whether 
God  could  raise  the  city  up  again. 
Whereupon  God  caused  him  to  die,  and 
he  remained  dead  a  hundred  years,  but 
was  then  restored  to  life,  lie  found  the 
baskei  of  figs  and  crnse  of  wine  as  fresh 
as  when  lie  died,  but  his  ass  was  a  mass 
of  bones.  While  he  still  looked,  the  dry 
bones  came  together,  received  life,  and 
the  resuscitated  ass  bef;an  to  bray.  The 
prophet  no  longer  doubted  the  power  of 
God  to  raise  up  Jerusalem  from  its  ruins. 
— Al  Koran,  ii.  (Sale's  notes). 

%*  This   legend    is  based  on  Neh.  ii. 
12-20. 


P. 

P.  Placentitis  the  dominican  wrote  a 
poem  of  2.r>3  Latin  hexameters,  called 
Pvgna  Porcorum,  every  word  of  which 
begins  with  the  letter  p  (died  15-18).  It 
begins  thus : 

Plaudlte,  PorccUi,  porcorum  pigra  propago 
Progrodlbnr  .  .  .  etc 
There  was  one  composed  in  honour  of 
Charles  le  Chauve,  every  word  of  which 
began  with  c. 

The  best-known  alliteratiye  poem  in 
English  is  the  following  : — 

An  Austrian  army,  awfully  arrayed. 
Boldly  by  battery  besieger!  !'« trade. 
Cossack  commanders,  cannonading,  come. 
Dealing  destruction  ■  devastating  doom  ; 
Bran  endeavour  engineers  essay 
l'or  fame,  for  fortune,  forming  furious  fray. 
Gaunt  gunners  grapple,  giving  gashes  food 
Heave*  high  his  head  heroic  hardihood. 
Ibraham,  Islam,  lamael.  Imps  in  ill. 
Jostle  John  Jarovlita,  Jem.  Joe  Jack,  .till ; 
Kick  kindling  Kutiw  IT,  kings'  kinsmen  kill ; 
Labour  low  levels  loftiest,  longest  lines  i 
Men  march  'mid  moles,  'mid  mounds,  'mid  murdsrous 
mines 

Now  nightfall's  nigh,  now  needful  nature  nods. 

Opposed,  opposing,  overcondnj 

Pool  peasants,  parti]  purchased,  parti)  pressed. 

Quite  quaking,  "Quarterl  Quarter  1"  .piickly  quest. 

Reason  returns,  recalls  redundant  rage, 

Bares  rinking  soldiers,  rafteiu  dgulors  saga. 

Truce.  Turkey,  true  :  tni  is  l'artar  train  I 

unjust,  unmerciful  Ukraine  I 
Vanish,  rile  rictorj  valnl 

Wisdom  walls  war    walla  warring  worai.    What  ware 
Xerxes,  Xantippe,  Xlraenea,  X;i\i.r? 

.  ye  yield  rour  youthful  rest, 
Zealously,  sanies,  sealou    - 

Prom  H.  Bouthgate,  .U.my  I'houyhuon  Many  Thtnjt. 

Tusser  has  a  poem  of  twelve  linea,  in 
rhyme,  every  word  of  which  begins  with 

t.  '    The    subject    is    on    ThnJ tuusa    (died 
168(1). 


PS. 


720 


PAGE. 


P's  (The  Five),  William  Oxberry, 
printer,  poet,  publisher,  publican,  and 
player  (1784-1824). 

Pache  (J.  Nicolas),  a  Swiss  by  birth. 
He  was  minister  of  war  in  1792,  and 
maire  de  Paris  1793.  Pache  hated  the 
Girondists,  and  at  the  fall  of  Danton  was 
imprisoned.  After  his  liberation,  he 
retired  to  Thym-le-Moutiers  (in  the 
Ardennes),  and  died  in  obscurity  (1740- 
1823). 

Swiss  Pache  sits  sle»k-headed,  frugal,  the  wond>r  of  his 
»wn  ally  for  humility  of  mind.  ...  Sit  there,  TnrtuR'c, 
•4U1  wanted.— Carlyle. 

Pacific  (The),  Amadeus  VIII.  count 
of  Savoy  (1383,  1391-1439,  abdicated 
and  died  1451). 

Frederick  III.  emperor  of  Germany 
(1415,  1440-1493). 

Olaus  III.  of  Norway  (*,  1030-1093). 

Pac'olet,  a  dwarf,  "full  of  great 
sense  and  subtle  ingenuity."  He  had  an 
enchanted  horse,  made  of  wood,  with 
which  he  carried  off  Valentine,  Orson, 
and  Clerimond  from  the  dungeon  of 
Ferragus.  This  horse  is  often  alluded  to. 
"  To  ride  Pacolet's  horse  "  is  a  phrase  for 
going  very  fast. —  Valentine  and  Orson 
(fifteenth  century). 

Pacolet,  a  familiar  spirit. — Steele,  The 
Tatlcr  (1709). 

Pacolet  or  Nick  Stuumpfer,  the  dwarf 
servant  of  Noma  "of  the  Fitful  Head." 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie  Pirate  (time,  William 
III.). 

Pacomo  (St.),  an  Egyptian,  who  lived 
in  the  fourth  century.  It  is  said  that  he 
could  walk  among  serpents  unhurt ;  and 
when  he  had  occasion  to  cross  the  Nile, 
he  was  carried  on  the  back  of  a  crocodile. 

The  hermit  fell  on  his  knees  before  an  Image  of  St. 
Pacomo,  which  was  glued  to  the  wall. — Lesage,  Gil  Bias, 
It.  i)  (1724). 

Pacto'lus  (now  called  Bagouly),  a 
river  of  Lydia,  in  Asia  Minor,  which  was 
said  to  flow  over  golden  sand. 

Pad'alon,  the  Hindu  hell,  under  the 
earth.  It  has  eight  gates,  each  of  which 
is  guarded  by  .a  gigantic  deity.  Described 
by  Southey,  in  cantos  xxii.,  xxiii.  of  The 
Curse  of  Kehama  (1809). 

Paddington  (Harry),  one  of  Mac- 
heath's  gang  of  thieves.  Peachum  de- 
scribes him  as  a  "  poor,  petty-larceny 
rascal,  without  the  least  genius.  That 
fellow,"  he  says,  "though  he  were  to  live 
for  six  months,  would  never  come  to  the 
gallows  with  credit "  (act  i.  1). — Gay, 
The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 


Paddington  Fair,  a  public  execu- 
tion. Tyburn  is  in  the  parish  of  Pad- 
dington. Public  executions  were  abolished 
in  1868. 

Paddy,  an  Irishman.  A  corruption 
of  Padhrig,  Irish  for  Patrick. 

Padlock  (The),  a  comic  opera  by 
Bickerstaff.  Don  Diego  (2  syl.),  a 
wealthy  lord  of  60,  saw  a  country  maiden 
named  Leonora,  to  whom  he  took  a  fancy, 
and  arranged  with  the  parents  to  take 
her  home  with  him  and  place  her  undei 
the  charge  of  a  duenna  for  three  months, 
to  see  if  her  temper  was  as  sweet  as  her 
face  was  pretty ;  and  then  either  "  to 
return  her  to  them  spotless,  or  make  her 
his  lawful  wife."  At  the  expiration  of 
the  time,  the  don  went  to  arrange  with 
the  parents  for  the  wedding,  and  locked 
up  his  house,  giving  the  keys  to  Ursula 
the  duenna.  To  make  surance  doubly 
sure,  he  put  a  padlock  on  the  outer  door, 
and  took  the  key  with  him.  Leander, 
a  young  student  smitten  with  the  damsel, 
laughed  at  locksmiths  and  duennas,  and, 
having  gained  admission  into  the  house, 
was  detected  by  don  Diego,  who  returned 
unexpectedly.  The  old  don,  being  a  man 
of  sense,  at  once  perceived  that  Leander 
was  a  more  suitable  bridegroom  than  him- 
self, so  he  not  only  sanctioned  the  alliance, 
but  gave  Leonora  a  handsome  wedding 
dowry  (1768). 

Paean,  the  physician  of  the  immortals. 

Paea'na,  daughter  of  Corflambo,  "  fair 
as  ever  yet  saw  living  eye,"  but  "too 
loose  of  life  and  eke  too  light."  Pseana 
fell  in  love  with  Amias,  a  captive  in  her 
father's  dungeon;  but  Amias  had  no  heart 
to  give  away.  When  Placidas  was  brought 
captive  before  Pa?ana,  she  mistook  him 
for  Amias,  and  married  him.  The  poet 
adds,  that  she  thenceforth  so  reformed  her 
ways  "  that  all  men  much  admired  the 
change,  and  spake  her  praise." — Spenser, 
Faory  Queen,  iv.  9  (1596). 

Pagan,  a  fay  who  loved  the  princess 
Imis  ;  but  Imis  rejected  his  suit,  as  she 
loved  her  cousin  Philax.  Pagan,  out  of 
revenge,  shut  them  up  in  a  superb  crystal 
palace,  which  contained  every  delight 
except  that  of  leaving  it.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  Imis  and  Philax  longed 
as  much  for  a  separation  as,  at  one  time, 
they  wished  to  be  united.  —  Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Palace  of  Ke- 
veuge,"  1682). 

Page   (Mr.),   a  gentleman   living  at 


PAGE. 


721    PAINTERS'  CHARACTERISTICS. 


Windsor.  When  sir  John  Falstaff  made 
love  to  Airs.  Page,  Page  himself  assumed 
the  name  of  Brook,  to  outwit  the  knight. 
Sir  John  told  tho  supposed  Brook  his 
whole  "course  of  wooing,"  and  how 
nicely  ho  was  bamboozling  the  husband. 
On  one  occasion,  he  says,  "1  was  carried 
out  in  a  buck-basket  of  dirty  linen  before 
the  very  evert  of  Page,  and  the  deluded 
husband  did  not  know  it."  Of  course, 
sir  John  is  thoroughly  outwitted  and 
played  upon,  being  made  the  butt  of  the 
■"hole  village. 

Mrs.  Page,  wife  of  Mr.  Page,  of  Wind- 
sor. When  sir  John  Falstaff  made  love 
to  her,  she  joined  with  Mrs.  Ford  to  dupe 
him  and  punish  him. 

Anne  J'a<je,  daughter  of  the  above,  in 
love  with  Fentou.  Slender  calls  her 
"  the  sweet  Anne  Page." 

William  Page,  Anne's  brother,  a  school- 
bov.  —  Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor  (151)0). 

Page  (Sir  Francis),  called  "  The  Hang- 
ing Judge"  (1GG1-1741). 

Slander  and  poison  dread  from  Delia's  rate  ; 
Hard  words  or  hanging  if  your  judge  oe  Page. 

Pope. 

Paget  (The  lady),  one  of  the  ladies 
of  the  bedchamber  in  queen  Elizabeth's 

court. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenttworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Painted  Chamber  ( The),  an  apart- 
ment in  the  old  Royal  Palace  of  West- 
minster, the  walls  of  which  were  painted 
chiefly  with  battle-scenes,  in  six  bands, 
somewhat  similar  to  the  Bayeaux  ta- 
pestry. 

Painted  Mischief,  playing  cards. 

There  are  plenty  of  ways  of  gambling  .  .  .  without 
recouTM  to  tiie  "painted  mischief."  which  waa  not  In- 
rented  for  Hi'-  benefit  of  km:  Charles  Vl.  of  Prance. — 
Daily  Atu'i,  March  a.  i«7». 

Painter  of  Nature.  Remi  Uelleau, 
one  of  the  Pleiad  pods,  is  so  called  (1628- 
lo77). 

The  Shepheardes  Calendar,  by  Spenser, 
is  largely  borrowed  from  lSellcau's  Suwj 
of  April. 

Painter  of  the  Graces,  Andrea 
Appiani  (1764-1817). 

Painters. 

A    Bee.    Quintan    Matsys,   the   Dutch 

painter,  painted  a  bee  so  well  that  the 
artist  nfandyn  thought  it  a  real  her,  and 
proceeded  to  brush  it  away  with  his 
handkerchief  (1460  1529). 

A  Cow.  Myro  carved  S  COW  so  true 
to  nature  that  bulls  mistook  it  for  a  living 

animal  i  u.c.  481). 

■ii 


A  Curtain.  Parrhasios  painted  a  cur- 
tain so  admirably  that  even  Zeuxis,  fte 
artist,  ini.->:o,,k  it  for  real  drapery  (B.C. 
400). 

A  Fly.  George  Alexander  Stevens  says, 
in  his  Lectures  on  //■ 

I  have  heard  of  a  connoisseur  who  vu  one  day  in  an 
auction-room  where  there  waa  an  iniinit.ii.ie  piece  of 
painting  of  fruits  ami   I  mmiTimi  would 

all  opinion  ■  ■!  the  picture  till  lie  had  tint  ex- 
andned  the  catalogue;  and  Boding  it  waa  dun./  i.y  an 
Englishman,  lie  pulled  out    l.- 
says  he,  "  tallowi  hare  no  more 

genius  than  a  Dutch  ■Upper  bat  ••'  dancing  a  eotfflion. 

i  he  do    baa  •polled  a  Hne  plei i  at 

than  a  Harp  Alley  algn-post  dauber.    Thei 
no  perspective,   no  foreground.     Why,  there  now,  the 
fellow  lias  actuauj  attempted  to   paint  1  lly  hi-  it  tl  :it 
rosebud.     Why,  it  is  no  more  like  a   lly  than   1  am  liko 

;"  hilt,  as  he  approached   his  linger  to  the  picture, 

the  fly  flew  away  (1773). 

Grapes.  Zeuxis  (2  syl.),  a  Grecian 
painter,  painted  some  grapes  so  well  that 
birds  came  and  pecked  at  them,  thinking 
them  real  grapes  i  B.l  .   100). 

A  J/urse.  Apelles  painted  Alexander's 
horse  Bucephalos  so  true  to  life  that 
some  mares  came  up  to  the  canvas  neigh- 
ing, under  the  supposition  that  it  was  a 
real  animal  (about  b.c. 

.1  Man.  Velasquez  painted  a  Spanish 
admiral  so  true  to  life  that  when  king 
Felipe  IV.  entered  the  Btudio,  he  mis- 
took the  painting  for  the  man,  and 
began  reproving  the  supposed  officer  for 
neglecting  his  duty,  in  wasting  his  time 
in  the  studio,  when  he  ought  to  have  been 
with  his  fleet  (1690-1660). 

Accidental  effects  in  pointing. 

Apelles,  being  at  a  loss  to  paint  the 
foam  of  Alexander's  horse,  dashed  his 
brush  at  the  picture  in  a  lit  of  annoyance, 
and  did  by  accident  what  his  skill  had 
tailed  to  do  (about  B.O.  334). 

The   same   tale    is   told    of   l'rotog'enC'S, 

who  dashed  his  brush  at  a  picture,  and 

thus    produced    "  the    foam     of     a     dog's 

mouth,"  which  he  had  long  been  trying 

in  vain  to  represent  (.alimit  I 

Painters  (1  Parrhasios   and 

A  pel  Irs  are  both  so  called  (tourtli  century 
B.C.). 

Painters'  Characteristics. 

Am. i  l.ii  (Michael)  \  an  iron  frame, 
strongly  developed  mUBclee,  and  an  ana- 
tomical display  of  the  human  figure. 
The  -l.schylot.  of  painter^  i  1  VIA    U 

Cabracci:  eclectic  artists,  who  picked 

out  and  pieced  together  parts  taken  from 

io,    Kapha.  1,    Titian,   and    other 

;;teat    artists.       It     Michael    All.'clo    is    the 

.l,sch\los   of  artists,   anil    Raphael    the 
Sophocles,  the  Carracci   may   be 
the  Euripides  of  painters.     I  know  uot 
3  > 


PAINTERS'  CHARACTERISTICS.    722 


PALAMEDES. 


why  in  England  the  name  is  spelt  with 
only  one  r. 

Correggio  :  known  by  his  wonderful 
foreshortenings,  his  magnificent  light  and 
shade.  He  is,  however,  very  monotonous 
(1494-1534). 

Crome  {John) :  an  old  woman  in  a  red 
cloak  walking  up  an  avenue  of  trees 
(1769-1821). 

David  :  noted  for  his  stiff,  dry,  pedantic, 
•'  highly  classic  "  style,  according  to  the 
interpretation  of  the  phrase  by  the  French 
in  the  first  Revolution  (1748-1825). 

Dolce  (Carlo)  :  famous  for  his  Ma- 
donnas, which  are  all  finished  with  most 
extraordinary  delicacy  (1616-1686). 

Domenichi'no  :  famed  for  his  fres- 
coes, correct  in  design,  and  fresh  in 
colouring  (1581-1641). 

Guido  :  his  speciality  is  a  pallid  or 
bluish-complexioned  saint,  with  saucer  or 
uplifted  eyes  (1574-1642). 

Holbein:  characterized  by  bold  relief, 
exquisite  finish,  force  of  conception,  deli- 
cacy of  tone,  and  dark  background 
(1498-1554). 

Lorraine  (Claude)  :  a  Greek  temple 
on  a  hill,  with  sunny  and  highly  finished 
classic  scenery.  Aerial  perspective  (1600- 
1682). 

Murillo  :    a    brown-faced    Madonna 
(1618-1682). 
Ommkoanck  :  sheep  (1775-1826). 
Pekugino    (Pietro) :    known    by    his 
narrow,  contracted  figures  and  scrimpy 
drapery  (1446-1524). 

Poussin  :  famous  for  his  classic  style. 
Reynolds  says :  "No  works  of  any 
modern  have  so  much  the  air  of  antique 
painting  as  those  of  Poussin "  (1593- 
1665). 

Poussin  (Gaspar) :  a  landscape  painter, 
the  very  opposite  of  Claude  Lorraine.  He 
seems  to  have  drawn  his  inspiration  from 
Hervey's  Meditations  Among  the  Tombs, 
Blair's"  Grave,  Young's  Night  Thmujhts, 
and  Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy 
(1613-1675). 

Raphael  :  the  Sophocles  of  painters. 
Angelo's  figures  are  all  gigantesque  and 
ideal,  like  those  of  iEschylos.  Raphael's 
are  perfect  human  beings  (1483-1520). 

Reynolds  :  a  portrait-painter.  He 
presents  his  portraits  in  bat  masque,  not 
always  suggestive  either  of  the  rank  or 
character  of  the  person  represented. 
There  is  about  the  same  analogy  between 
Wattcan  and  Reynolds,  as  between 
Claude  Lorraine  and  Gaspar  Poussin 
(1723-1792). 

Roma     (Satvator) :     dark,    inscrutable 


pictures,  relieved  by  dabs  of  palette- 
knife.  He  is  fond  of  savage  scenery, 
broken  rocks,  wild  caverns,  blasted 
heaths,  and  so  on  (1615-1673). 

Rubens  :  patches  of  vermillion  dabbed 
about  the  human  figure,  wholly  out  of 
harmonv  with  the  rest  of  the  colouring 
(1577-1640). 

Steen  (Jan) :  an  old  woman  peeling 
vegetables,  with  another  old  woman 
looking  at  her  (1636-1679). 

Tintoretti  :  full  of  wild  fantastical 
inventions.  He  is  called  "  The  Lightning 
of  the  Pencil "  (1512-1594). 

Titian  :  noted  for  his  broad  shades 
of  divers  gradations  (1477-1576). 

Veronese  (Paul) :  noted  for  his  great 
want  of  historical  correctness  and  elegance 
of  design  ;  but  he  abounds  in  spirited 
banquets,  sumptuous  edifices,  brilliant 
aerial  spectres,  magnificent  robes,  gaud, 
and  jewellery  (1530-1588). 

Wattbau  :  noted  for  his  fetes  galantcs, 
fancy-ball  costumes,  and  generally  gala- 
day  figures  (1684-1721). 

Tile  colouring  of  Titian,  the  expression  of  Rubens,  the 
grace  of  Raphael,  the  purity  of  Doinenlchino,  the  rorreg- 
ginecity  of  Correggio,  the  learning  of  I'oussln,  the  airs  i>f 
Guido,  the  taste  of  the  Carrachi  {sic],  the  grand  contour 
of  Angel.  >,  .  .  .  the  brilliant  truth  of  a  Watteau,  the 
touching  grace  of  a  Reynolds. — Sterne. 

Paix  des  Dames  (La),  the  treaty 
of  peace  concluded  at  Cambray  in  1529, 
between  Francois  I.  of  France  and  Karl 
V.  emperor  of  Germany.  So  called  be- 
cause it  was  mainly  negotiated  by  Louise 
of  Savoy  (mother  of  the  French  king) 
and  Margaret  the  emperor's  aunt. 

Paladore,  a  Briton  in  the  service  ot 
the  king  of  Lombardy.  One  day,  in  a 
boar-hunt,  the  boar  turned  on  the  prin- 
cess Sophia,  and,  having  gored  her  horse 
to  death,  was  about  to  attack  the  lady, 
but  was  slain  by  the  young  Briton. 
Between  these  two  young  people  a  strong 
attachment  sprang  up ;  but  the  duke 
Bire'no,  by  an  artifice  of  false  imper- 
sonation, induced  Paladore  to  believe  that 
the  princess  was  a  wanton,  and  had  the 
audacity  to  accuse  her  as  such  to  the 
senate.  In  Lombardy,  the  punishment 
for  this  offence  was  death,  and  the  prin- 
cess was  ordered  to  execution.  Paladore, 
having  learned  the  truth,  accused  the 
duke  of  villainy.  They  fought,  and 
Bireno  fell.  The  princess,  being  cleared 
of  the  charge,  married  Paladore. — Robert 
Jephson,  The  Law  of  Lombardy  (1779). 

Palarae'des  (4  syl.),  son  of  Nan- 
plios,  was,  according  to  Suidas,  the  in- 
ventor of  dice.     (See  Alea.) 

Tabula  nouieu  1  jdi  ;  nunc  PaJomcdca ad  Urscl  < 


PALAMEDES. 


723 


PALINODE. 


lelectatlonem  magna  eruditions  atone  Inconlo  Invcnlt 
Tabula  enim  est  mundus  terroiris,  duodenarhla  numeral 
Ml  ZodlaCUl,  ip  -'l  vero  area  at  Mptenj  In  i.i  nana  sunt 
isptani  «to!u»  plaiietarum.  Turn.,  i*t  altltnao  cell,  ex 
gill  omnibus  bona  at  mala  repunduutur. — Suidas  (Wolfs 
trans.). 

I'uliimc'dcs  (Sir),  a  Saracen,  who 
adored  Isolde  the  wife  of  king  Mark  of 
Cornwall.  Sir  Tristrem  also  loved  the 
name  lady,  who  was  his  aunt.  The  two 
"  lovers "  fought,  and  sir  I'alainedes, 
being  overcome,  was  compelled  to  turn 
Christian.  He  was  baptized,  and  sir 
Tristrem  stood  his  sponsor  at  the  font. — 
Thomas  of  Erceldoune,  called  "The 
Rhymer,"  Sir  Tristrem  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Palame'des  of  Lombardy,  one 
of  the  allies  of  the  Christian  army  in  the 
first  crusade.  He  was  shot  by  Corinda 
with  an  arrow  (bk.  xi.). — Tasso,  Jeru- 
salem Delivered  (1575). 

Pal'amon  and  Arcite  (2  syl.),  two 
young  Theban  knights,  who  fell  into  the 
hands  of  duke  Theseus  (2  syl.),  and  were 
by  him  confined  in  a  dungeon  at  Athens. 
Here  they  saw  the  duke's  sister-in-law 
Emily,  with  whom  both  fell  in  love. 
When  released  from  captivity,  the  two 
knights  told  to  the  duke  their  tale  of 
love  ;  and  the  duke  promised  that  which- 
ever proved  the  victor  in  single  combat, 
should  have  Emily  for  his  prize.  Arcite 
prayed  to  Mars  "for  victory,"  and  l'ala- 
nion  to  Venus  that  he  might  "  obtain 
the  lady,"  and  both  their  prayers  were 
granted.  Arcite  won  the  victory,  ac- 
cording to  his  prayer,  but,  being  thrown 
from  his  horse,  died  ;  so  Palamon,  after 
all,  "  won  the  lady,"  though  he  did  not 
win  the  battle. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Talcs  ("The  Knight's  Tale,"  1388). 

This  tale  is  taken  from  the  Le  Tcscide 
of  Boccaccio. 

The  Black  Horse,  a  drama  by  John 
Fletcher,  is  the  same  talc.  Richard 
Edwards  has  a  comedy  called  Palwmun 
and  Arcyte  (15tii'p). 

Pale  (The)  or  Thb  English  Pai.k, 
a  part  of  Inland,  including  Dublin, 
Meath,  Carlow,  Kilkenny,  and  Louth. 

Palo  Faces.  So  the  American 
Indians  call  the  European  settlers. 

Pale'moTi,  son  of  a  rich  merchant. 
He  fell  in  love  with  Anna,  daughter  of 
Albert  master  of  one  of  hiB  lather's 
ships.  The  purse-proud  merchant,  in- 
dignant at  this,  tried  every  means  to 
Induce  his  son  to  abandon  such  a  "mean 
connection,"  but  without  avail  ;  so  at 
last  he  sent  him  in  the  Britannia  (Albert's 


ship)  "in  charge  of  the  merchandise." 
The  ship  was  wrecked  near  cape  Colonna, 
in  Attica;  and  although  PalSmon  es- 
caped, his  ribs  were  bo  broken  that  he 
died  almost  as  soon  as  he  reached  the 
shore. 

A  gallant  youth,  Pnlemnn  was  his  name. 
Charged  with  the  commerce  hilhcr  al.su  come; 
A  father's  stern  resentment  doomed  to  ituvc, 
Ho  came,  the  victim  of  unhappy  lore. 

Falconer,  Tlic  BMpwmk,  L  1  [X7X). 

Pale'nion  and  Lavlnia,  a  poetic 
version  of  Boaz  and  Ruth.  "The  lovely 
young  Lavinia"  went  to  glean  in  the 
fields  of  young  Palemon  "  the  pride  of 
swains;"  and  I'alcmon,  falling  in  love 
with  the  beautiful  gleaner,  both  ■ 
and  won  her. — Thomson,  TltC  Seasons 
("Autumn,"  1730). 

Pales  (2  syl.),  god  of  shepherds  and 
their  tlocks. — Unman  Mytholuyy. 

Pomona  loves  the  orchard  ; 
And  Liber  lovtt  the  vine; 
And  PalAa  lores  the  rtraw-buDt  shed, 
Warm  with  the  breath  of  kino. 
Lord  Macaulay,  Layi  >jf  A  ucicne  Ruin*  ("  Prophecy 
of  CapyV  1843). 

Pal'inode  (3  syl.),  a  shepherd  in 
Spenser's  Ecloyucs.  In  eel.  v.  Palinode 
represents  the  catholic  priest.  He  in- 
vites Piers  (wlio  represents  the  protectant 

clergy)  to  join  in  the  fun  and  pleasures 
of  May.  Piers  then  warns  the  young 
man  of  the  vanities  of  the  world,  ami 
tells  him  of  the  great  degeneracy  of 
pastoral  life,  at  one  time  simple  and 
frugal,  but  now  discontented  and  licen- 
tious. He  concludes  with  the  fable  of 
the  kid  and  her  dam.  The  fable  is  this  : 
A  mother-goat,  going  abroad  for  the  day, 
told  her  kid  to  keep  at  home,  and  not  to 
open  the  door  to  strangers.  She  had  not 
been  gone  long,  when  up  came  a  fox, 
with  liead  bound  from  "  headache,"  and 
foot  bound  from  "gout,"  and  carrying  a 
ped  of  trinkets.  The  fox  told  the  kid 
a  most  piteous  tale,  and  Bhowed  her  a 
little  mirror.  The  kid,  out  of  pity  and 
vanity,  opened  the  door  ;  but  while  stoop- 
ing over  the  |>cd  to  pick  up  a  little  bell, 
the  fox  dapped  down  the  lid,  and  carried 
her  off. 

In  eel.  vii.  Palinode  is  referred  to  by 
the  shepherd  Thomalin  as  "lording  it 
over  God'i  heritage,"  feeding  the  sheep 
with  chaff,  and  keeping  for  himself  t he 
grains.  —Spenser,  ahepkeardet  Catendar 
(1672;. 

J'al'iruxie  (3  syl.),  a  poem  in  recanta- 
tion of  a  calumny.  Stesich'orcs  wrote  a 
bitter  satire  against  Bel  en  for  which  her 
brothers,  Castor  and  Pollux,  plucked  out 
his  eyes.     When,  however,  the  poet  *e- 


PALINURUS. 


724 


PALMYRENE. 


canted,   his  sight  was   restored   to  him 
again. 

Tfce  bard  who  libelled  Helen  in  his  song 
Recanted  after,  and  redressed  the  wrong. 

Ovid.  A  re  of  Love,  ill 

Horace's  Ode,  xvi.  i.  is  a  palinode. 
Samuel  Butler  has  a  palinode,  in  which 
he  recanted  what  he  said  in  a  previous 

foem  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Howard. 
)r.  Watts  recanted  in  a  poem  the  praise 
he  had  previously  bestowed  on  queen 
Anne. 

Palinu'rus,  the  pilot  of  iEne'as. 
Palinurus,  sleeping  at  the  helm,  fell  into 
the  sea,  and  was  drowned.  The  name 
is  employed  as  a  generic  word  for  a 
steersman  or  pilot,  and  sometimes  for  a 
chief  minister.  Thus,  prince  Bismarck 
may  be  called  the  palinurus  of  William 
emperor  of  Germany  and  king  of  Prussia. 

More  had  she  spoke,  but  pawned.     All  nature  nods  .  .  . 
E'en  Palinurus  nodded  at  the  helm. 

Pope,  The  Vunciad,  iv.  614  (1742). 

Palisse  (La),  a  sort  of  M.  Prud- 
homme  ;  a  pompous  utterer  of  truisms 
and  moral  platitudes. 

Palla'dio  (Andrea),  the  Italian  clas- 
sical architect  (1518-1580). 

The  Erujlish  Palladio,  Inigo  Jones 
(1 573-1 G53). 

Palla'dium. 

Of  Ceylon,  the  delada  or  tooth  of 
Buddha,  preserved  in  the  Malegawa 
temple  at  Kandy.  Natives  guard  it  with 
great  jealousy,  from  a  belief  that  who- 
ever possesses  it,  acquires  the  right  to 
govern  Ceylon  When,  in  1815,  the 
English  obtained  possession  of  the  tooth, 
the  Ceylonese  submitted  to  them  without 
resistance. 

Of  Eden  Hall,  a  drinking-glass,  in 
the  possession  of  sir  Christopher  Mus- 
grave,  bart.,  of  Edenhall,  Cumberland. 

Of  Jerusalem,  Aladine  king  of  Jeru- 
salem stole  an  image  of  the  Virgin,  and 
eet  it  up  in  a  mosque,  that  she  might  no 
longer  protect  the  Christians,  but  become 
the  palladium  of  Jerusalem.  The  image 
was  rescued  by  Sophronia,  and  the  city 
taken  by  the  crusaders. 

Of  Meg'ara,  a  golden  hair  of  king 
Nisus.  Scylla  promised  to  deliver  the 
city  into  the  hands  of  Minos,  and  cut  off 
the  talismanic  lock  of  her  father's  head 
while  he  was  asleep. 

Of  Rome,  the  ancfie  or  sacred  buckler 
which  Numa  said  fell  from  heaven,  and 
was  guarded  by  priests  called  Salii. 

Of  Scotland,  the  great  stone  of  Scone, 
near    Perth,    which    wa3     removed     by 


Edward  I.  to  Westminster,  and  is  still 
there,  preserved  in  the  coronation  chair. 

Of  Troy,  a  colossal  wooden  statue  of 
Pallas  Minerva,  which  "fell  from 
heaven."  It  was  carried  off  by  the 
Greeks,  by  whom  the  city  was  taken 
and  burned  to  the  ground. 

Pallet,  a  painter,  in  Smollett's  novel 
of  Peregrine  Pickle  (1751). 

The  absurdities  of  Pallet  are  painted 
an  inch  thick,  and  by  no  human  pos- 
sibility could  such  an  accumulation  of 
comic  disasters  have  befallen  the  cha- 
racters of  the  tale. 

Palm  Sunday  (Sad),  March  23, 
1461,  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Towton, 
the  most  fatal  of  any  domestic  war  ever 
fought.  It  is  said  that  37,000  English- 
men fell  on  this  day. 

Whose  banks  received  the  blood  of  many  thousand  men, 
On  "sad  Palm  Sunday"  slain,   that  Towion   field  we 

call  .  .  . 
The  bloodiest  field  betwixt  the  White  Rose  and  the  Red. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xxviii.  (1622). 

Pal'merin  of  England,  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  romance  in  chivalry.  There 
is  also  an  inferior  one  entitled  Palmerin 
de  Oliva. 

The  next  two  honks  were  Palmerin  de  Ol'iva  and 
Palmerin  of  Ihnjland.  "The  former,"  said  the  cure, 
"shall  be  turn  in  pieces  and  burnt  to  the  last  ember; 
but  Palmerin  of  England  shall  he  preserved  as  a  relique 
of  antiquity,  and  placed  in  such  a  chest  as  Alexander 
found  amongst  the  spoils  of  Ilarius,  and  in  which  he 
kept  the  writings  of  Homer.  This  same  book  is  valuable 
for  two  tilings  :  first,  for  its  own  especial  excellency,  and 
next,  because  it  is  the  production  of  a  Portuguese 
monarch,  famous  for  his  literary  talents.  The  adven- 
tures of  the  castle  of  Miraguarda  therein  are  finely 
imagined,  the  style  of  composition  is  natural  and  ele- 
gant, and  the  utmost  decorum  is  preserved  throughout."  — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  i.  6  (1605). 

Palmi'ra,  daughter  of  Alcanor  chief 
of  Mecca.  She  and  her  brother  Zaphna 
were  taken  captives  in  infancy,  and 
brought  up  by  Mahomet.  As  they  grew 
in  years,  they  fell  in  lofe  with  each 
other,  not  knowing  their  relationship ; 
but  when  Mahomet  laid  siege  to  Mecca, 
Zaphna  was  appointed  to  assassinate  Alca- 
nor, and  was  himself  afterwards  killed 
by  poison.  Mahomet  then  proposed  mar- 
riage to  Palmira,  but  to  prevent  such 
an  alliance,  she  killed  herself. — James 
Miller,  Mahomet  the  Impostor  (1740). 

Palmyra  of  the  Deccan,  Brja- 
pur,  in  the  Poonah  district. 

Palmyra  of  the  North,  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Pal'myrene  (The),  Zenobia  queen 
of  Palmyra,  who  claimed  the  title  of 
"  Queen  of  the  East."  She  was  defeated 
by  Aurelian,  and  taken  prisoner  (a.d. 
273).     Longinus  lived  at  her  court,  aud 


PALOMIDES. 


LSTE. 


was  put  to  death  "n  the  capture  of 
Eenobia. 

The  Pahmrene  thai  f.niKht  Ann  !i  m. 
Tannvaon,  ih'  Pi  imam,  H 

Pal'omides  and   heir  of 

sir  Astlabor.  His  brothers  were  >i r  Safire 
and  sir  Segwarfdes.  He  is  always  called 
the  Baracen,  meaning  "nnchnstened." 
Next  to  the  three  great  knights  (air  Lann- 
celot,  >ir  Tristram,  and  sir  Lamorake),  lie 
whs  the  strongest  and  bravest  of  the 
fellowship  of  the  Round  Table,  Like  sir 
Tristram,  he  was  in  love  with  La 
I  sond  wife  of  king  Mark  of  Cornwall  ;  but 
the  lady  favoured  the  love  of  sir  Tristram, 
nn<l  only  despised    thai  of  the  Saracen 

kni_'lit.  Alter  his  combat  with  sir  Tris- 
tram, sir  Palomidet  consented  to  be  bap- 
tized by  the  bishop  of  Carlisle  (pt.  iii.  28). 

lie  mw  wril  made,  rle.-mly,  and  I > i « ' > ,  and  neither  t.-i 

jrouiiK  not  MO  "Id.     And    II (I 

Ueved  in  tin*  l«  rJ  i  vu  faithful  and 

trui'  of  ins  promln,  and  .ii-.  well Ilttoned,    Ha  mada 

n  row  ih.it  in-  would  novae  ba  ehriatened  unto  Lba  time 

tii.it  ho  actuated  lba  i»'*.-t  Qiatumlnt \< 

•rowed  Dover  t.i  take  (  ul  cbrtetandom  urn.'  the  time  thai 
In-  h;ul  done  ravra  battlai  within  the  lUta,— Sir  I 

History  of  frince  .1  rthur,  li.   1-ly  |147U). 

Pani,  Henry  John  Temple,  visconnl 
Palmerston  (1784   1866). 

Pam'cla.   Lady  Edward  Fitzgerald  is 

ed  (*- 1881). 
Pam'ela  [Andrews],  a  simple,  un- 
sophistical  country  girl,  the  daughter  of 
two  aged  parents,  and  maidservant  of  a 
rich  young  squire,  called  B,  who  tries  to 
seduce  her.  She  resistsevery  temptation, 
and  at  length  marries  the  young  squire  and 
reforms  him,  Pamela  is  very  pure  and 
modest,  bean  her  afflictions  with  much 
meekness,  and  is  a  model  of  maidenly 
prndenee  and  rectitude.  The  story  is  told 
in  ■  series  of  letters  which  Pamela  sends 
to  lier  parents.—  s.  Richardson,  /'; 
Virtu.   I  1740). 

llio  M  and   I  r  i.f  thr  Kuglidi  maiden 

[Fawnel i|  ii  vi  i-  i.    .  .  .  lur  mm 

rue  with  to  much  kin-s<  j  hrr  Utile 

Interval*  nf  h.-(K-  .  .  .  break  i'»  on  bt  i  trouble*  *«i  much 
,  .  ky  through  a  cloud)  all 

—  that  tl'  nothing,  ti.ii><|UilUxiii|i, 

and  iieiiiith"*  edifying.    Mr  W,  Beott 

rnmrtr.  It »  w.irk  uf   much  humbler  pretamdoni  than 

I  Harlan*.  .  .  .  A  simple  onunrrj  girl,  whom  bar 

i  to  ■educe,  and  aAanrardi  marrlaa.  .  .  . 

Th.-  w.ir.li.il f  pool  i  ' 

•ruff,  and  berro I  aw'd  oapajhervar 

Jewkea,  nn.l  thr  fluctuating  pAaduiii  of 
.. .  /  Mi  rxiiyrt,  il    H'.l. 

Pope  ealls  the  word  "  Pami  la  :  " 

The  «.>l«.  i"  i-irir  p  mi.  1 1  witb  bar  p 

irea, 
Tbaabtnliuj  i 

Ami.  t"  e plcte  h.r  bum,  i  fool  foi 

rae  i"  hill'.  Ironl  boiee,  end  the  ring, 
a  *ain,  unquiet,  filUarlna  wrauhed  thing; 


Pride  pomp.  iiii.I  itatc.  hot  r^arh  her  "inward  part,— 
She  alxlu.  a:  Kl  hrr  heart. 

-  «     I 

Pami'na  and    Tami'no,  tl 
who  w.re  guided  by 

H ute "    through    all    worldly    dan 

the    knowledge  of    divine    truth    (or   the 

I       .     U     . •■.  . 
JUtU  (1790). 

Pamphlet  (Mr.),  a  penny-a-linet. 
His  great  wish  was  "too*  takentup  for 
sedition."     He  writes  on  both  sides,  for, 

as  he   says,   he  has  "  two    hands,    ainbc 

"  Time  has  been."  he  wu«.  "  r/ban  1  i  "uld  turn  a  penny 

U  quake,  it  live  upon  a  jail  ■■ 

oodj  murder ;  bul  now  thai  ■  aOi  it— nothing 
wfl]  il>  now  hut  ronetlng  ■  people 

ruined.     The  i- 

when  tun  tell  tin-in  they  are  ruined."— Murphy. 
Thr  UykoUtmrm,  II.  1    . 

Pan,   Nature  ecially 

the  vital  crescent  power  of  nature. 

■ 

Knit  wlt>.  the  flnwe.  and  the  ll.jun  iii  danre. 
Led  on  the  eternal  ■! 

Milton    /•ur.ili*.    lx*t.  IT.  V*.  etc  (IBM). 

Pun,  inS| ..  VIII., 

and  "  Syrinx  "  is    Anne    Boleyn.      In  eel. 

v.  "  l'an  "  stands  for  Jesus  Christ  in  one 
■  -,    and   for    God    the    Father    fas 

another. — Spenser, 

Pan  {Th*  drat),  Francois  M.  A.  ■!<• 
Voltaire;  also  called  "The  Dictator  of 
Letters"  1 1694   1778  . 

Panacea.    Prince  Ahmed's  a; 

i    Samarcand  The 

balsam  of  Fierabraa  (see   p.    75),      The 
Promethean  unguent  rendered  thr  body 
invulnerable.     Aladdin  s  ring  was 
servative  against  all  ills  that  flesh  is  heir 

.     Then  there  were  the  Youth. 

\nd  tin-  hi  ■  tands, 

such  as  AehilliVs  spear,  also  called 
Spear  of  Telephui 
sword  (see  p.  888)  ;  and  so 

Pa  .)  or  Camtasi 

of  tin-  concul  ■  gander  tin  I 

Apellea  fell  in  love   with  Iht  while  In 
was  employed  in  painting  I  I 

llacodon,  and  Alexander,  out 
the  an  ■  r  t..  him 

Apelles  selected  tor  his  "Venud   I 
from  |  isually  called  "  Venui 

Anadyomene ")  this   beautiful  Al 

•■.her     with    1'hryin'-    I  | 

court. 

%•    I'liryne     was     all  .d«  my 

'*(  nidian  \  i  ana  "  of  Praxt* 

teles. 


PANCKS. 


726 


PANDORA. 


Pancks,  a  quick,  short,  eager,  dark 
man,  with  too  much"  way."  Hedressedin 
black  and  rusty  iron  grey  ;  had  jet-black 
beads  for  eyes,  a  scrubby  little  black 
chin,  wiry  black  hair  striking  out  from 
his  head  in  prongs  like  hair-pins,  and  a 
complexion  that  was  very  dingy  by 
nature,  or  very  dirty  by  art,  or  a  com- 
pound of  both.  He  had  dirty  hands,  and 
dirty,  "broken  nails,  and  looked  as  if  he 
had  been  in  the  coals..  He  snorted  and 
sniffed,  and  puffed  and  blew,  and  was 
generally  ic  a  perspiration.  It  was  Mr. 
Pancks  who  "  moled  out"  the  secret  that 
Mr.  Dorrit,  imprisoned  for  debt  in  the 
Marshalsea  prison,  was  heir-at-law  to  a 
great  estate,  which  had  long  lain  un- 
claimed, and  was  extremely  rich  (ch. 
xxxv.).  Mr.  Pancks  also  induced  Clen- 
nam  to  invest  in  Mcrdle's  bank  shares,  and 
demonstrated  by  figures  the  profit  he 
would  realize ;  but  the  bank  being  a 
bubble,  the  shares  were  worthless. — C. 
Dickens,  Little  Dorrit  (1857). 

Paricrace,  a  doctor  of  the  Aristotelian 
school.  He  maintained  that  it  was  im- 
proper to  speak  of  the  "form  of  a  hat," 
because  form  "est  la  disposition  ex- 
te'rieure  des  corps  qui  sont  animc's,"  and 
therefore  we  should  say  the  "figure  of  a 
hat,"  because  figure  "  est  la  disposition 
exte'rieure  des  corps  qui  sont  inanime's  ; " 
and  because  his  adversary  could  not  agree, 
he  called  him  "  un  ignorant,  un  igno- 
rantissime,  ignorantifiant,  et  ignorantifie'  " 
(sc.  viii.). — Moliere,  Le  Mariaje  Force" 
(1664). 

Pancras  (The  earl  of),  one  of  the 
skilful  companions  of  Barlow  the  famous 
archer;  another  was  called  the  "Marquis 
of  Islington  ;  "  while  Barlow  himself  was 
mirthfully  created  by  Henry  VIII.  "Duke 
of  Shoreditch." 

Pancras  (St.),  patron  saint  of  children, 
martyred  by  Diocletian  at  the  age  of 
14  (a.d.  304). 

Pan'darus,  the  Lycian,  one  of  the 
allies  of  Priam  in  the  Trojan  war.  He  is 
drawn  under  two  widely  different  charac- 
ters :  In  classic  story  he  is  depicted 
as  an  admirable  archer,  slain  by 
Diomed,  and  honoured  as  a  hero-god 
in  his  own  country ;  but  in  mediaeval 
romance  he  is  represented  as  a  despicable 
pimp,  insomuch  that  the  word  pander 
is  derived  from  his  name.  Chaucer  in 
his  Troilus  and  Cresseide,  and  Shakespeare 
in  his  drama  of  Troilus  and  Cressida, 
represent  him  as  procuring  for  Troilus  the 
good  graces  of  Cressid,  and  in  Much  Ado 


about    Nothing,    it    is   said   that   Troilus 
"  was  the  first  employer  of  pandars." 

Let  all  pitiful  goers-between  be  called  to  the  world's  end 
after  my  name;  call  them  all  "  Pandiirs."  Let  all  con- 
stant men  be  "  Troiluses,"  all  false  women  "Cressids."— 
Shakespeare,  Troiliu  and  Cressida,  act  iii.  sc.  2  (1602). 

Pandenio'nium,  "  the  high  capital 
of  Satan  and  his  peers."  Here  the 
infernal  parliament  was  held,  and  to  this 
council  Satan  convened  the  fallen  angels 
to  consult  with  him  upon  the  best  method 
of  encompassing  the  "fall  of  man." 
Satan  ultimately  undertook  to  visit  the 
new  world ;  and,  in  the  disguise  of  a 
serpent,  he  tempted  Eve  to  eat  of  the 
forbidden  fruit. — Milton,  Paradise  Lost, 
ii.  (1G65). 

Pandi'on.  _/ng  of  Athens,  father  of 
Procne  and  Pnilome'la. 

None  take  pity  on  thy  pain  ; 
Senseless  trees,  they  cannot  hear  thee ; 
Ruthless  bears,  they  will  not  cheer  thee ; 
King  Pandion  he  is  dead  ; 
All  thy  friends  sire  lapped  in  lead. 
Richard  Barnfield,  Addrets  to  the  Nightingale  (1594). 

ParuloLf  (Sir  Harry),  the  teller  of 
whole  strings  of  stories,  which  he  re- 
peats at  every  gathering.  He  has  also 
a  stock  of  bon-mots.  "  Madam,"  said 
he,  "  I  have  lost  by  you  to-day."  "How 
so,  sir  Harry  ?  "  replies  the  lady.  "  Why, 
madam,"  rejoins  the  baronet,  "I  have 
lost  an  excellent  appetite."  "  This  is  the 
thirty-third  time  that  sir  Harry  hath 
been  thus  arch." 

We  are  constantly,  after  supper,  entertained  with  the 
Glastonbury  Thorn.  When  we  have  wondered  at  that  a 
little,  "  Father."  saith  the  son,  "  let  us  have  the  Spirit  In 
the  Wood."  After  that,  "  Now  tell  us  how  you  served  the 
robber."  "Alack!"  saith  sir  Harry,  with  a  smile,  "I 
have  almost  forgotten  that ;  but  it  is  a  pleasant  conceit, 
to  be  sure;"  and  accordingly  he  tells  that  and  twenty  more 
in  the  same  order  over  arid  over  again. — Richard  Steele. 

Pandolfe  (2  si/L),  father  of  Lelie. — 
Moliere,  L'Etourd'i  (1G53). 

Pando'ra,  the  "  all-gifted  woman." 
So  called  because  all  the  gods  bestowed 
some  gift  on  her  to  enhance  her  charms. 
Jove  sent  her  to  Prometheus  for  a  wife, 
but  Hermes  gave  her  in  marriage  to  his 
brother  Epime'theus  (4  syl.).  It  is  said 
that  Pandora  enticed  the  curiosity  of 
Epimetheus  to  open  a  box  in  her  pos- 
session, from  which  flew  out  all  the  ills 
that  flesh  is  heir  to.  Luckily  the  lid  was 
closed  in  time  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
Hope. 

More  lovely  than  Pandora,  whom  the  gods 
Endowed  with  all  their  gifts,  ...  to  the  unwiser  son 
of  Japhet  brought  bv  Hermfis,  she  insnared 
Mankind  with  her  fair  looks,  to  be  avenged 
On  him  [PromStheut]  who  bad  stole  Jove's  .  .  .  fir*. 
Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  iv.  714,  etc.  (1665). 

*  t*  "Unwiser  son"  is  a  Latinism, 
and   means  "not  so  wise  as  he  should 


PANDOSTO. 


727       PANTAGRUELIAN  LAWSUIT. 


have  been  ;  "  bo  aiidador,  Hmidior,  vehe- 
mentior,  iraeundior,  etc. 

Pandosto  or  The  Triumph  of 
a  taleliv  Roberl  Greene  1 1688),  the  quarry 
of    the."  plot  of   The    Winter' »    Talc   by 
Shakespeare. 

Panel  {The)t  by  J.  Kemble,  is  a 
modified  version  of  BickerstaffB  comedy 

'  ZYs  Well  'tis  no  Worse.  It  contains  the 
popular  quotation : 

Perhaps  It  VII  riclit  to  itllllltlk  your  lore; 
Hut  why  do  you  kick  mu  downstair*  t 

Panglosa  (Dr.  Peter),  an  LL.D.  and 
A.S.S.  He  began  life  a*  a  muffin-maker 
in  Milk  Alley.  Daniel  Dowlas,  when  he 
was  raised  from  the  chandler's  shop  in 
Gosport  to  the  peerage,  employed  the 
doctor  "to  burn  him  to  talk  English;" 
and  subsequently  made  him  tutor  to  his 
son  Dick,  with  a  salary  of  £300  a  year. 
Dr.     PangloSB     was    a     literary    j.ri^    of 

ponderous  pomposity.  He  talked  of  a 
"locomotive  morning,"  of  one's  "spon- 
sorial  and  patronymic  appellations,"  and 
so  on  ;  was  especially  fond  of  quotations, 
to  all  of  which  he  assigned  the  author, 
as  "Lend  me  your  ears.  Shakespeare. 
Hem!"  or  "  Verbum  sat.  Horace. 
Hem  !  "  He  also  indulged  in  an  affected 
"He!  he!" — G.  Column,  The  JJeir-at- 
Law  (1797). 

A.S.S.  stands  for  Artittm  Societatis 
Socius  ("  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Arts  "). 

Pemgloss,  an  optimist  philosopher.  (The 

word  means  "All  Tongue.") — Voltaire, 
Candide. 

Panjam,  a  male  idol  of  the  Oroangou 
tribes  oi  Africa  ;  his  wile  is  Alcka,  and  his 
priests  are  called  panians.  Panjam  is 
the  special  protector  of  kings  and  govern- 
ments. 

Panjandrum  [The  Grand),  any  vil- 
lage potentate  or  Brummagem  magnate. 
The  word  occurs  in  S.  Foote'a  fan 

use,  which  lie  wrote  to  tesl  the 
memory  of  old  Macklin,  who  said  in  a 
lecture  "  he  had  brought  his  own  memory 
to  such  perfection  that  he  could  learn 
anything  by  rote  on  once  hearing  it." 

Mi-  m  tlio  Great  Panjandrum  o(  Uio  I'laee.—  I'rrcy 
V  ill 

*m*  The  squire  of  a  village  i-  the 
Grand  Panjandrum,  and  the  .-mall  gentry 
the  Picninniee,  Joblillies,  and  Garyulies. 

Poote's  nonsense  Lines  are  I  ■■ 

So  slio  went  Into  Um  •■  leaf  to 

make  nn  apple  pie;  and  at  thi 
beer,  coming  up  toe  street,  popilti  Dead  Into  Um  shop. 
•  What  I   no    md  I"    Bo  be  died,  and  she  ...*  Impro- 

dantly  nutiinl  I...    boi  I 


Picnlnnies,  and  Um  loblflDaa  and  o,<-  GaryoJIee,  and  tin 

■I  the)  nil   fell   '  '  .-itch  at 

catch  can,  till  Um  gunpowder  r.m  out  .-it  tba  h«*l  •■(  thaw 

.     J  he   {liutrtcrly    llerteie,    ICY.    SIC,   111 

(18B41 

Pan'ope  (3  syl.),  one  of  the  nereids. 
Her  "sisters "  are  the  sea-nymph*. 
Panopc-  was  invoked  by  sailors  in  storms. 

Slevk  Psjsops.  with  nil  her  m  I 

Mill.....  l.yciUiu'.  »  (163S) 

Pantag'ruel',  kinr;  of  the  D 
(2  s.'//.),  son   of  Gargantua,  and 
the  race  of  giants.     His  mother  Bs 
died  in  giving  him  birth.     His  paternal 
grandfather    was     named    Grangousicr. 
l'antngnicl   was  a    lineal    descendant    of 
FicrabrTn,    the    Titans,     Goliath,    Poly- 
pheme  (.1  syl.),  and  all  the  othi  r  giants 
traceable    to    Chalbrook,   who    lived    in 
thai    extraordinary  period    noted    for    its 
"  w?ek  of  three  Thursdays."    The  word 
is    a  hybrid,   compounded   of    the   ■ 
panta  ("all")   and  the  Ragarene  word 
gruel  ("thirsty").   His  immortals 

Orient  was  his  "quest  Of   the  oracle  of   the 

Holy  Bottle." — Rabelais,  Uc 

Pantag'ruel's  Course  of  Study. 
PantagrueTs   father,   Gargantua,  said   in 

a  letter  to  his  son  : 

"  I    Intend   und    insist   that    you   leant    i\ll    '. 
perfect!)  ;    tn  t  of   ail  Greek,   In  Qulnl 
then  Latin,  then  Hebrew,  th.  II 
arista  you  to  form  your  style  ol  Greek 
Plato,  nu. I  of  Latin  uu  that  of  I 
lii-t..ry  rou  hare  not  at  rout  I    . 
tooroagbly  cosmography  and  gee 
m..  h  u  geometry,  malnfflnatsrt.  and  n 
■  taste  when  not  above  five  yean  old,  an  l  l  «  • 

you  now  matter  them  hilly.    Stodj  astr my,  hut  not 

divmntlon  and  Judicial  astrology,  which  I 
ranlUea    a.  f..r  dvfl  law,  I  would  i  we  tin 

bj  heart    Vou  should  also  have  a  perfect  know* 

I    the   work*  of    Nature,  so   thai    I 

river,  m 

what  Ash  it  Is  noted,  whence  it 

direct     it-  ooune;  nil  foul,  of  the  air.  all  shruta  and 

;)i.  r  forest  .r  on  hard,  all  herbs  an  ; 
nil  metals  and  stones,  should  bomastered  bj  * 

Hot    el    the    s.i Illne   ino>t    ear. full*    t 

tluts,  and  be  sure  b)  frenuenl  > 

• 

the  inlcroc which  ■ 

young  days,  and  let  nothing  be 

luauieuw.  I. 

Pantajjr/ruePs  Tongue,  it  I 

shelter  for  a  whole  army.     His  throat  and 
mouth  contained  whole  ■ 

Than   did    shay   [IS*  .irm»]   put    thcnurlroi 
order,  and  't.-.:  . 
Pantagruel  put  out  his  t 
nil.  as  n  ben  doth  her  chickens. —  ILtKUu.  /'.in:  .        < 

I'.mtaLcrurliiin    Lawsuit 
This  was    between   h>r.l    Busqueue  and 

lord     Buckfist,     who    pleaded     their    n«  :; 
I  he  writs,   etc..  uch    SI 

four     as-es    could     carry.      After     the 
plaints!!  had  stated  ins  case,  and  the  de» 


PANTAGRUELION. 


728 


FAPER  KING. 


fendant  had  made  his  reply,  Pantagruel 
gave  judgment,  and  the  two  suitors  were 
both  satisfied,  for  no  one  understood  a 
word  of  the  pleadings,  or  the  tenor  of 
the  verdict. — Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  ii. 
(1533). 

PantagrueTion,  a  herb  (hemp), 
symbolical  of  persecution.  Rabelais 
says  Pantag'ruel'  was  the  inventor  of  a 
certain  use  for  which  this  herb  served. 
It  was,  he  says,  exceedingly  hateful  to 
felons,  who  "detested  it  as  much  as 
strangle- weed. 

The  figure  and  shape  of  the  leaves  of  pantagruelion 
are  not  much  unlike  those  of  the  ash  tree  or  the  agrimony  ; 
indeed,  the  herb  is  so  like  the  eupatorio  that  many 
herbalists  have  ca'.led  it  the  domestic  eupatorio,  and 
sometimes  the  euiiatorio  is  called  tbe  wild  pantagrue- 
lion.— Rabelais,  Pantugrael,  etc..  iii.  4U  (1545). 

Pantaloon.  In  the  Italian  comedy, 
7/  Pantalo'ne  is  a  thin,  emaciated  old 
man,  and  the  only  character  that  acts  in 
slippers. 

The  sixth  age  shifts 
fnto  the  lean  and  slippered  Pantaloon. 
Shakespeare,  At  You  Like  It,  act  ii.  sc  7  (1600). 

Panther  {The),  symbol  of  pleasure. 
When  Dante  began  the  ascent  of  fame, 
this  beast  met  him,  and  tried  to  stop  his 
further  progress. 

Scarce  the  ascent 
Began,  when  lo  1  a  panther,  nimble,  light, 
And  covered  with  a  speckled  skin,  apjieared, 
...  and  strove  to  check  my  onward  going. 

Dautfl.  Hell,  i.  (1300). 

Panther  (The  Spotted),  the  Church  of 
England.  The  "  milk-white  doe  "  is  the 
Church  of  Rome. 

The  panther,  sare  the  noblest  next  the  bind. 
The  fairest  creature  of  the  spotted  kind ; 
Oh,  could  her  inborn  stains  be  washed  away, 
She  were  too  good  to  be  a  beast  of  prey. 

Dryden,  The  Hind  and  the  Panther,  L  (1687). 

Panthino,  servant  of  Anthonio  (the 
father  of  Protheus,  one  of  the  two  heroes 
of  the  play). — Shakespeare,  Two  Gen- 
tlemen of  Verona  (1594). 

Pan  ton,  a  celebrated  punster  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II. 

And  Panton  waging  harmless  war  with  words. 

Dryden,  MacFlecknoe  (1682). 

Pantschatantra,  a  collection  of 
Sanskrit  fables. 

Panurge,  a  young  man,  handsome 
and  of  good  stature,  but  in  very  ragged 
apparel  when  Pantag'ruel'  first  met  him 
on  the  road  leading  from  Charenton 
Bridge.  Pantagruel,  pleased  with  his 
person  and  moved  with  pity  at  his  dis- 
tress, accosted  him,  when  Panurge  replied, 
Srst  in  German,  then  in  Arabic,  then  in 
Italian,  then  in  Biscayan,  then  in  Bas- 
Oreton,  then  in  Low  Dutch,  then  in 
L',nanish.     Finding  that  Pantagruel  knew 


none  of  these  languages,  Panurge  tried 
Danish,  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  with  no 
better  success.  "  Friend,"  said  the 
prince,  "can  you  speak  French?" 
"Right  well,"  answered  Panurge,  "for 
I  was  born  in  Touraine,  the  garden  of 
France."  Pantagruel  then  asked  him  if 
he  would  join  his  suite,  which  Panurge 
most  gladly  consented  to  do,  and  became 
the  fast  friend  of  Pantagruel.  His  great 
forte  was  practical  jokes.  Rabelaid 
describes  him  as  of  middle  stature,  with 
an  aquiline  nose,  very  handsome,  and 
always  moneyless.  Pantagruel  made 
him  governor  of  Salmygondin. — Rabelais, 
Pantagruel,  iii.  2  (1545). 

Panurge  throughout  is  the  Travovpyia  ('*  the  wisdom  ")• 
i.e.  the  cunning  of  the  human  animal — the  understand- 
ing, as  the  faculty  of  means  to  purposes  without  ultimata 
ends,  in  the  most  comprehensive  sense,  and  including 
art,  sensuous  fancy,  and  all  the  passions  of  the  under- 
standing. — Coleridge. 

Panyer's  Alley  (London).  So  called 
from  a  stone  built  into  the  wall  of  one 
of  the  houses.  The  stone,  on  which  is 
rudely  chiselled  a  pannier  surmounted  by 
a  boy,  contains  this  distich  : 

When  you  have  sought  the  city  round. 
Yet  still  this  is  the  highest  ground. 

Panza  (Sancho),  of  Adzpetia,  the 
'squire  of  don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha  ; 
"a  little  squat  fellow,  with  a  tun  belly 
and  spindle  shanks  "  (pt.  I.  ii.  1).  He 
rides  an  ass  named  Dapple.  His  sound 
common  sense  is  an  excellent  foil  to  the 
knight's  craze.  Sancho  is  very  fond  of 
eating  and  drinking,  is  always  asking  the 
knight  when  he  is  to  be  put  in  possession 
of  the  island  he  promised.  He  salts  his 
speech  with  most  pertinent  proverbs,  and 
even  with  wit  of  a  racy,  though  some- 
times of  rather  a  vulgar  savour. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote  (1G05). 

*,„*  The  wife  of  Sancho  is  called 
"Joan  Panza"  in  pt.  I.,  and  "Teresa 
Panza"  in  pt.  II.  "My  father's  name," 
she  says  to  Sancho,  "was  Cascajo,  and 
I,  by  being  your  wife,  am  now  called 
Teresa  Panza,  though  by  right  I  should 
be  called  Teresa  Cascajo"  (pt.  II.  i.  5). 

Pao'lo  (2  sj/l.),  the  cardinal  brother  of 
count  Guido  Franceschi'ni,  who  advised 
his  bankrupt  brother  to  marry  an  heiress, 
in  order  to  repair  his  fortune. 

When  brother  Paolo's  energetic  shake 
Should  do  the  relics  justice. 
R.  Browning,  The  Ring  and  the  Book,  U.  409. 

Paper  King  (The),  John  Law,  pro- 
jector of  the  Mississippi  Bubble  (107^- 
1729). 

Tne  basis  of  Law's  project  was  the  Ides  that  paper 
money  may  be  multiplied  to  any  extent,  provided  there 
be  security  in  fixed  stock. — Rich. 


PA  I'll  I  AN   MIMP. 


rag 


PARADISE. 


Papliian  Mirnp,  a  certain  plie  of 
the  lips,  considered  needful  f  t  "the 
highly  genteel."  Lady  Emily  told  Miss 
ALscrip  "  the  heiress  "  that  it  was 
acquired  by  placing  one's  self  before  a 
looking-glass,  and  repeating  continually 
the  words  "nimini  pimini ,  "when  the 
lips  cannot  fail  to  take  the  right  plie." — 
Genera]  Burgoyne,  The  Heiress,  iii.  2 
(1781). 

(('.  Dickens  has  made  Mrs.  General 
tell  Amy  Dorrit  that  the  pretty  plie  is 
given  to  the  Lips  by  pronouncing  the 
words,  "papa,  potatoes,  poultry,  prunes, 
and  prism."; 

Papillon,  a  broken-down  critic,  who 
earned  four  shillings  a  week  for  reviews 
of  translations  "without  knowing  one 
syllable  of  the  original,"  and  of  "books 

which  he  had  never  read."  He  then 
turned    French    valet,  and   got   well    paid. 

He  then  fell  into  the  service  of  Jack 
Wilding,  and  was  vaKy,  French  marquiB, 
or  anything  else  to  suit  the  whims  of  that 
young  scapegrace. — S.  Foote,  The  LUir 
(1761). 

Papimany,  the  kingdom  of  the 
Papimans.  Any  priest-ridden  country, 
as  Spain.     Papiman  is  compounded  of 

two  Greek  words,  papa  mania  ("pope- 
madness  "). — Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  iv.  45 
(1546). 

Papy'ra,  goddess   of   printing    and 

literature  ;  so  called  from  papyrus,  a 
substance  once  used  for  books,  before 
the  invention  of  paper. 

Till  t"  utonliheri  nalmi  Pap ji*  taught 
To  paint  in  nn.-tii-  coloun  MNiod  and  thought, 
M  nil  Wladonvi  voloo  t"  prtal  lie  page  sublime, 
And  murk  in  adamant  the  itepi  "i    I 

Darwin,  l.vwi  <>/ tue  Plants,  ii.  (i.'si). 

Pa'quin,  Pekin,  a  royal  city  of 
China.      Milton     says  :     "  Paquin     [the 

j  of  Siruean  kinps." — Paradt 
xi.  890  (1665). 

Paracelsus    is  said    to   have    kept    a 

small  devil  prisoner  In  the  pommel  of  his 
sword.  He  Favoured  metallic  Bubstances 
for  medicines,  while  Galen  preferred 
herbs.  His  full  name  was  Philippus 
Aure'olus  Theophrastus  Paracelsus,  but 
his  family  name  \»as  Bombaatus  (1498- 
1541). 

Paracelsus,  at  the  ape  of  80,  thinks 
knowledge  the  swnmum  oonum.  and  at  the 
advice  of  his  two  friends,  Festus  and 
Michal,  retires  to  a  seat  of  Learning  in 

Juest,  thereof.     Eight  years  later,  being 
isautislicd,    Ik'   falls   in   with    A  | mile,    an 


Italian  poet,  and  resolves  to  seek  th« 
summon  '»>n>an  in  Love.     Again  he  fail*, 

ami   finally  determines  "  to  know  and  to 

enjoy." — R,  Browning,  Paracelsus. 

Par'adino  (8  syl.),  son  ,-.f  Astolpho, 
and  brother  of  Dargonet,  both  rr.  .  r 
the  love  of  Laura.  In  the  combat 
provoked     by    prince    Oswald  - 

Gondibert,  which  •  d   by  four 

combatants  on  earn  side,  Hugo  "the 
Little"  slew  both  the  brothers.— Sir  Win. 
Davenant,  Oondibert,  i.  (died  1668). 

Paradisa'ica  ("  the  fruit  of  \  tra- 
dise").  So  the  banana  is  called.  1  s 
Mohammedans  aver  that  the  "  forbidden 
fruit"  was  the  banana  or  Indian  ii_',  and 
cite  in  continuation  of  this  opinion  that 
our  lirst  parents  used  fig  leaves  for  th<  ir 
coveting  alter  their  fall. 

Paradise,  in  thirty-three  cantos,  by 

Dantd     (1311).         Paradise     i 

from  Purgatory  by  the  river  Lethfi  ;  and 

I'anto  was  conducted  through  nine  of 
the  spheres  by  Heat  rice,  who  left  him  in 
the  sphere  of  "  unbodied  li^-ht,"  under  the 

charge    of   St.    Bernard    [canto   xxxi.). 

The  entire  region  is  divided  into  ten 
spheres,  each  of  which  is  appropriated 
to  its  proper  order.  The  t;r>t  seven 
spheres  are  the  seven  planets,  viz.  (!) 
the  Moon  for  angels,  (2)  Mercury  for 
archangels,  (."!)  Venus  for  virtues,  (•))  the 
Sun  forpowers,  (5)  Mars  for  principalitii  b, 
(ii)  Jupiter  for  dominions,  (7)  Saturn  for 
thrones.    The  eighth  sphere  is  that  of 

the  fixed  stars  for  the  cherubim  ;  the 
ninth     is    the    crtmtm    mootli    for    the 

seraphim  ;  and  the  tenth  is  the  empvre'an 
for  the  Virgin  Mary  and  the  triune  deity. 

Beatrice,  with  Rachel,  Sarah,  Judith, 
Rebecca,  and  Ruth,  St.  Augustan,  St, 
Francis,  St.  Benedict,  and  others,  were 
enthroned  in  Venus  the  sphere  of  the 
virtues.  The  empyrean,  he  Bays,  is  ■ 
sphere  of  "unbodied  light,"  "bright 
effluence    of    bright   essence,   uncn 

This  is  what  the  .lews  called  * '  the 
heaven  of  the  heavens." 

Paradise  was  placed,  in  the  legendary 
maps  of   the  Middle  Ages,   in   Ceylon; 

but  Mahomet  placed  it  "  in  the  seventh 
loaven."  The  Arabs  have  a  tradition 
that  when  our  lir>t  parents  Were  Cast  out 
of  the  garden,  Adam  fell  in  the  isle  of 
and  i  ■•  •  m  Joddah  (the  port  of 
Mecca). — At  Koran,  ii. 

Paradise  of  Central   Africa,  Fatiko.— 
Sir  S.    Baker,    fiaa  •  ration  oj    the  NiU 
■  (1866). 


PARADISE  OF  FOOLS. 


730 


PARADISE  REGAINED 


Paradise  of  Bohemia,  the  district  round 
Leitmeritz. 

The  Dutch  Paradise,  the  province  of 
Geldtrland,  in  South  Holland. 

The  Portuguese  Paradise,  Cintra,  north- 
west of  Lisbon. 

Paradise  of  Fools  {Limhus  Fatu- 
orum),  the  limbo  of  all  vanities,  idiots, 
madmen,  and  those  not  accountable  for 
their  ill  deeds. 

Then  might  ye  see 
Cowls,  hoods,  anil  hahits.  with  their  wearrrs,  tost 
Aii'l  fluttered  into  rags;  then  relics,  beads. 
Indulgences,  dispenses,  pardons,  bulls. 
The  sport  of  winds :  all  these,  upwhirled  aloft. 
Fly  . .  .  into  a  limbo  large  and  broad,  since  called 
"  The  Paradise  of  Fools." 

Milton,  Ptiradite  Lost,  iii.  489  (1665). 

Paradise  and  the  Pe'ri.  A  peri 
was  told  she  wo»><i  *<e  admitted  into 
heaven  if  she  ..ould  bring  thither  the 
gift  most  acceptable  to  the  Almighty. 
She  first  brought  a  drop  of  a  young 
patriot's  blood,  shed  on  his  country's 
behalf  ;  but  the  gates  would  not  open 
for  such  an  offering.  She  next  took 
thither  the  last  sigh  of  a  damsel  who  had 
died  nursing  her  betrothed,  who  had 
been  stricken  by  the  plague  ;  but  the 
gates  would  not  open  for  such  an  offer- 
ing. She  then  carried  up  the  repentant 
tear  of  an  old  man  converted  by  the 
prayers  of  a  little  child.  All  heaven 
rejoiced,  the  gates  were  flung  open,  and 
the  peri  was  received  with  a  joyous 
welcome. — T.  Moore,  Lalla  Ilookh 
("  Second  Tale,"  1817). 

Paradise  Lost.  Satan  and  his 
crew,  still  suffering  from  their  violent 
expulsion  out  of  heaven,  are  roused  by 
Satan's  telling  them  about  a  "  new  cre- 
ation ; "  and  he  calls  a  general  council 
to  deliberate  upon  their  future  operations 
(bk.  i.).  The  council  meet  in  the  Pan- 
demonium hall,  and  it  is  resolved  that 
Satan  shall  go  on  a  voyage  of  discovery  to 
this  "newworld"  (bk.ii.).  The  Almighty 
sees  Satan,  and  confers  with  His  Son 
about  man.  He  foretells  the  Fall,  and 
arranges  the  scheme  of  man's  redemp- 
tion. Meantime,  Satan  enters  the  orb 
of  the  sun,  and  there  learns  the  route  to 
the  "new  world"  (bk.  iii.).  On  enter- 
ing Paradise,  he  overhears  Adam  and 
Eve  talking  of  the  one  prohibition  (bk. 
iv.).  Raphael  is  now  sent  down  to  warn 
Adam  of  his  danger,  and  he  tells  him 
who  Satan  is  (bk.  v.)  ;  describes  the  war 
in  heaven,  and  expulsion  of  the  rebel 
angels  (bk.  vi.).  The  angel  visitant 
goes  on  to  tell  Adam  why  and  how  this 
world  was  made  (bk    vii.)  ;    and  Adam 


tells  Raphael  of  his  own  experience 
(bk.  viii.).  After  the  departure  of 
Raphael,  Satan  enters  into  a  serpent, 
and,  seeing  Eve  alone,  speaks  to  her. 
Eve  is  astonished  to  hear  the  serpent 
talk,  but  is  informed  that  it  had  tasted 
of  "the  tree  of  knowledge,"  and  had 
become  instantly  endowed  with  both 
speech  and  wisdom.  Curiosity  induces 
Eve  to  taste  the  same  fruit,  and  she 
persuades  Adam  to  taste  it  also  (bk.  ix.). 
Satan  now  returns  to  hell,  to  tell  of  his 
success  (bk.  x.).  Michael  is  sent  to 
expel  Adam  and  Eve  from  the  garden 
(bk.  xi.)  ;  and  the  poem  concludes  with 
the  expulsion,  and  Eve's  lamentation 
(bk.  xii.).— Milton  (1665). 

Paradise  Lost  was  first  published  by 
Matthias  Walker  of  St.  Dunstan's.  He 
gave  for  it  £5  down ;  on  the  sale  of 
1300  copies,  he  gave  another  £5.  On 
the  next  two  impressions,  he  gave  other 
like  sums.  For  the  four  editions,  he 
therefore  paid  £20.  The  agreement  be- 
tween Walker  and  Milton  is  preserved 
in  the  British  Museum. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  wagt>3 
of  an  ordinary  workman  was  at  the  time 
about  3d.  a  day,  and  we  now  give  3s. ; 
so  that  the  price  given  was  equal  to  about 
£250,  according  to  the  present  value  of 
money.  Goldsmith  tells  us  that  the 
clergyman  of  his  "  deserted  village"  was 
"  passing  rich  "  with  £40  a  year  =  £500 
present  value  of  money. 

Paradise  Regained,  in  four  books. 
The  subject  is  the  Temptation.  Eve, 
being  tempted,  lost  paradise ;  Christ, 
being  tempted,  rejoined  it. 

Book  I.  Satan  presents  himself  a3  an 
old  peasant,  and,  entering  into  conversa- 
tion with  Jesus,  advises  Him  to  satisfy 
His  hunger  by  miraculously  converting 
stones  into  bread.  Jesus  gives  the 
tempter  to  know  that  He  recognizes  him, 
and  refuses  to  follow  his  suggestion. 

II.  Satan  reports  progress  to  nis  minis- 
ters, and  asks  advice.  He  returns  to  the 
wilderness,  and  offers  Jesus  wealth,  as 
the  means  of  acquiring  power  ;  but  the 
suggestion  is  again  rejected. 

III.  Satan  shows  Jesus  several  of  the 
kingdoms  of  Asia,  and  points  out  to 
Him  their  military  power.  He  advises 
Him  to  seek  alliance  with  the  Parthians, 
and  promises  his  aid.  He  says  by  such 
alliance  He  might  shake  off  the  Roman 
yoke,  and  raise  the  kingdom  of  David 
to  a  first-class  power.  Jesus  rejects  the 
counsel,   and  tells  the  tempter  that  th« 


PARAGUAY. 


731 


PARI  DEL. 


Jews  were  for  the  present  under  ;i  cloud 

foi  their  sins,  tint  that  the  time  would 
come  when  God  would  put  l'orth  His 
hand  on  their  behalf. 

IV.  Satan  shows  Jesus  Home,  with  all 
its  greatness,  and  says,  "  I  can  easily 
dethrone  Tiberius,  and  seat  Thee  t  1  the 
imperial  throne."  He  then  shows  Him 
Athens,  and  says,  "I  will  make  Thee 
master  of  their  'wisdom  and  high  state 
of  civilization,  if  Thou  wilt  fall  down 
and  worship  me."  "  Get  thee  behind 
Me,  Satan  !  "  was  the  indignant  answer  ; 
and  Satan,  finding  all  his  endeavours 
useless,  tells  Jesus  of  the  sufferings 
prepared  for  Him,  takes  Him  back  to 
the  wilderness,  and  leaves  Him  there ; 
but  angels  come  and  minister  unto  Him. 
—Milton  (1071). 

Paraguay  (A  Tale  of),  by  Souther, 
m  four  cantos  (1811).  The  small-pox, 
having  broken  out  amongst  the  Guaranis, 
carried  oft'  the  whole  tribe  except  Quiara 
and  his  wife  MonnSma,  who  then  mi- 
grated from  the  fatal  spot  to  the  Mondai 
woods.  Here  a  son  (Yeruti)  and  after- 
wards a  daughter  (Mooma)  were  born  ; 
but  before  the  birth  of  the  latter,  the 
father  was  eaten  by  a  jaguar.  When  the 
children  were  of  a  youthful  age,  a  Jesuit 
priest  induced  the  three  to  come  and  live 
at  St.  Joachin  (3  syl.)  ;  so  they  left  the 
wild  woods  for  a  city  life.  Here,  in  a 
few  months,  the  mother  flagged  and 
died.  The  daughter  next  drooped,  and 
Boon  followed  her  mother  to  the  grave. 
The  son,  now  the  only  remaining  one  of 
the  entire  race,  begged  to  be  baptized, 
received  the  rite,  cried,  "  Ye  arc  come  for 
me  !     I  am  ready  ;  "  and  died  also. 

Parallel.  "  None  but  thyself  can 
be  thy  parallel,"  from  The  Double  False- 
hood, by  Theobald  (1721).  Massinger, 
in  The' Duke  of  Milan,  iv.  3  (1662), 
makes  Sforza  say  of  Karelia: 

Hrr  gOodnMi  >lm's  dbdsin  coinp.irNnn, 

And,  licit  httMlf,  admlti  no  i-uraiu :. 

Pare  aux  Cerfs  ["the  deer  park"), 
a  mansion  in  Versailles,  to  which  girls 
were  inveigled  for  the  licentious  pleasure 
of  Louis  XV.     An  Als.itia. 

finuli  nine    may    I*  proud  BUS  M>r/t 

to  those  whom  ramonielaa  greed  drives  frum  tfaali  bland 

borne. — Saturday  JCcvicw. 

Par'cinus,  a  young  prince  in  love 
with  his  cousin  Irolit'a,  but  beloved  by 
A/.'ira.  The  fairy  Danamo  was  A/ira's 
mother,  and  resolved  to  make  Irolita 
marry  the  fairy  TBrutus ;  but  ParcinuB, 
•lided.     by    the    fairy    Favourable,    sur- 


mounted   all    obstacles,    married    Irolita, 

and  made  Brutus  marry  Azira. 

Pan  mi   had  :i  nobta  air,  ■  .  J.-I  i.  -..  i  •-  s!<a|>o.  n  fine  henj 
of  hair  admirably  white.  .  .  .  Ha  . I i •  l  eranrthl 
danccl  ami  sang  to  perfection,  uml  pined  all  II 
at   tournaments,   vnenerer  be   contended  f->r   them. — 

Corntesae  iJ'Aunoy,  fairy  Inlet  ["  Perfect  Lore, 

Par'dalo,  the  demon-steed  given  to 
IniguezGuerrabyhis  gobelin  mother,  that 
he  might  ride  to  Toledo  and  liberate  hi- 

father,  don  Diego  Lop,/  lord  of  Biscay, 

who  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the 
Moors. — Spanish  Sfc  try. 

Par'diggle  (Mrs.),  a  formidable 
lady,  who  conveyed  to  one  the  idea  "  of 
wanting  a  great  deal  of  room."  Like 
Mrs.  Jellyby,  she  devoted  herself  to  the 
concerns  of  Africa,  and  made  her  family 
of  small  boys  contribute  all  their  pocket 

money  to  the  cause  of  the  Borriol la 

Gha  mission. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Uvusc 
(1853). 

Pardoner's  Tale  ( 77(c),  in  Chaucer's 
Canterbury  Tales,  is  "Death  and  the 
Rioters."  Three  rioters  agree  to  hunt 
down  Death,  and  kill  him.  An  old  man 
directs  them  to  a  tree  in  a  lane,  where, 
as  he  said,  he  had  just  left  him.  On 
reaching  the  spot,  they  find  a  rich 
treasure,  and  cast  lots  to  decide  who  is 
to  go  and  buy  food.  The  lot  falls  on  the 
youngest,  anil  the  other  two,  during  his 
absence,  agree  to  kill  him  on  his  return. 
The  rascal  sent  to  buy  food  poisons  the 
wine,  in  order  to  secure  to  himself  the 
whole  treasure.  Now  conies  the  catas- 
trophe:  The  two  set  on  the  third  and 
slay  him,  but  die  soon  after  of  the  poi- 
soned wine  ;  so  the  three  rioters  fin  \ 
under  the  tree,  as  the  old  man  said, 
paltering  in  a  double  sense  (1388). 

Parian    Chronicle,  a    register  of 

the  chief  events  in  the  history  01  ancient 
Greece  for  1318  years,  beginning  with 
tin'  reign  of  Cecrops  and  ending  with 
the  archonahip  of  Diognetus.  I;  is  one 
of  the  Arundelian  Marbles,  and  was 
found  in  the  island  of  ParOB. 

Parian   Verse,  ill-natured  satire  ; 
so  called  from  Archil'ochus,  a  oat 
Paros. 

Pari-Ba'non,  a  fairy  who  gave  prince 

Ahmed  a   tent,  which  would   fold  i 
small  a  compass  that  a  lady  might  carry 

it  aboui  as  a  icy,  but,  when  spread,  it 
would  cover  a  whole  army. — Arabian 
Nights     ('•  Prince     Ahmed     and      I'an- 

Banou  "). 
Paridel  is  a  name  enudovod  in  the 


PARTDEL. 


*82 


PARISMENOS. 


Dunciad  for  an  idle  libertine — rich, 
young,  and  at  leisure.  The  model  is  sir 
Paridel,  in  the  Faery  Queen. 

Thee,  too,  my  Paridel,  she  marked  thee  there. 
Stretched  on  the  rack  of  a  too-easy  chair, 
Aud  heard  thy  everlasting  yawn  confess 
The  pains  and  penalties  of  idleness. 

Pope,  The  Duncuid,  iv.  341  (1742). 

Par'idel  (Sir),  descendant  of  Paris, 
whose  son  was  Parius  who  settled  in 
Paros,  and  left  his  kingdom  to  his  son 
Par'idas,  from  whom  Paridel  descended. 
Having  gained  the  hospitality  of  Mal- 
becco,  sir  Paridel  eloped  with  his  wife 
Dame  Hel'inore  (3  syl.),  but  soon  quitted 
her,  leaving  her  to  go  whither  she  would. 
"So  had  he  served  many  another  one" 
(bk.  iii.  10).  In  bk.  iv.  1  sir  Paridel  is 
discomfited  by  sir  Scudamore. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  iii.  10 ;  iv.  1  (1590,  1596). 

%*  "Sir  Paridel"  is  meant  for  Charles 
Nevil,  sixth  and  last  of  the  Nevils  earls 
of  Westmoreland.  He  joined  the  Nor- 
thumberland rebellion  of  1569  for  the 
restoration  of  Mary  queen  of  Scots  ;  and 
when  the  plot  failed,  made  his  escape  to 
the  Continent,  where  he  lived  in  poverty 
and  obscurity.  The  earl  was  quite  a 
Lothario,  whose  delight  was  to  win  the 
love  of  women,  and  then  to  abandon 
them. 

Paris,  a  son  of  Priam  and  Hecflba, 
noted  for  his  beauty.  He  married  CEnone, 
daughter  of  Cebren  the  river-god.  Sub- 
sequently, during  a  visit  to  Menelaos 
king  of  Sparta,  he  eloped  with  queen 
Helen,  and  this  brought  about  the  Trojan 
war.  Being  wounded  by  an  arrow  from 
the  bow  of  Phiioctetes,  he  sent  for  his 
wife,  who  hastened  to  him  with  reme- 
dies ;  but  it  was  too  late — he  died  of  his 
wound, and  (Enone  hungherself . —  Homer, 
Iliad. 

Paris  was  appointed  to  decide  which 
of  the  three  goddesses  (Juno,  Pallas,  or 
Minerva)  was  the  fairest  fair,  and  to 
which  should  be  awarded  the  golden 
apple  thrown  "to  the  most  beautiful." 
The  three  goddesses  tried  by  bribes  to 
obtain  the  verdict :  Juno  promised  him 
dominion  if  he  would  decide  in  her 
favour  ;  Minerva  promised  him  wisdom  ; 
but  Venus  said  she  woidd  find  him  the 
most  beautiful  of  women  for  wife,  if  he 
allotted  to  her  the  apple.  Paris  handed 
kJie  apple  to  .Venus. 

Not  Cytherea  from  a  fairer  swain 
Received  her  apple  on  the  Trojan  plair. 

Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  L  3  (1756). 

Par'is,  a  young  nobleman,  kinsman  of 
prince  Es>'calus  of  Verona,  and  the  un- 


successful suitor  of  his  cousin  JuWet. — ■ 
Shakespeare,  Borneo  and  Juliet  (1598). 

Paris.  The  French  say,  II  n'y  a  qu« 
Paris  ("  there  is  but  one  city  in  the 
world  worth  seeing,  and  that  is  Paris"). 
The  Neapolitans  have  a  similar  phrase, 
Voir  Naples  et  rnourir. 

Paris  of  Japan,  Osaka,  south-west  of 
Miako. — Gibson,  Gallery  of  Geography, 
926  (1872). 

Little  Paris.  Brussels  is  so  called.  So 
is  the  "  Galleria  Vittorio  Emanuele  "  of 
Milan,  on  account  of  its  brilliant  shops, 
its  numerous  cafe's,  and  its  general  gaiety. 

Paris  (Notre  Dame  de),  by  Victor  H'cgo 
(1831).     (See  Esmeralda  and  Quasi  • 

MODO.) 

Paris  Garden,  a  bear-garden  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Thames ;  so  called  from 
Robert  de  Paris,  whose  house  and  garden 
were  there  in  the  time  of  Richard  II. 

Do  you  take  the  court  for  Paris  Garden  f — Shakespeare, 
Uenry  VIII.  act  v.  sc.  4  (1601). 

Parisina,  wife  of  Azo  chief  of  Fer- 
rara.  She  had  been  betrothed  before  her 
marriage  to  Hugo,  a  natural  son  of  Azo, 
and  after  Azo  took  her  for  his  bride,  the 
attachment  of  Parisina  and  Hugo  oon- 
tinued,  and  had  freer  scope  for  indul- 
gence. One  night,  Azo  heard  Parisina  in 
sleep  confess  her  love  for  Hugo,  where- 
upon he  had  his  son  beheaded,  and, 
though  he  spared  the  life  of  Parisina,  no 
one  ever  knew  what  became  of  her. — 
Byron,  Parisina  (1816). 

Such  is  Byron's  version  ;  but  history 
says  Niccolo  III.  of  Ferrara  (Byron's 
"  Azo  ")  had  for  his  second  wife  Parisina 
Malatesta,  who  showed  great  aversion  to 
Ugo,  a  natural  son  of  Niccolo,  whom  he 
greatly  loved.  One  day,  with  the  hope 
of  lessening  this  strong  aversion,  he  sent 
Ugo  to  escort  her  on  a  journey,  and  the 
two  fell  in  love  with  each  other.  After 
their  return,  the  affection  of  Parisina  and 
Ugo  continued  unabated,  and  a  servant 
named  Zoe'se  (3  syl.)  having  told  the 
marquis  of  their  criminal  intimacy,  he 
had  the  two  guilty  ones  brought  to  open 
trial.  They  were  both  condemned  to 
death,  Ugo  was  beheaded  first,  then 
Parisina.  Some  time  after,  Niccolo  mar- 
ried a  third  wife,  and  had  several  chil- 
dren.— Frizzi,  History  of  Ferrara. 

Parisrne'nos,  the  hero  of  the  second 
part  of  Panamas  (q.v.).  This  part  con- 
tains the  adventurous  travels  of  Paris- 
menos,  his  deeds  of  chivalry,  and  love 
for  the  urincess  Angelica,  "  the  Lady  of 


PARISMUS. 


PABOLLES. 


the  Golden  Tower."— Emanuel  Foord, 
Parismenos  (1598). 

Paris'mus,  a  valiant  and  renowned 
prince  of  Bohemia,  the  hero  of  a  romance 
bo  called.    This  "history"  contains  an 

account  of  his  battles  against  the  Per- 
sians, his  love  fur  Laurana,  daughter  of 
the  kin^  of  Thessaly,  and  his  strung' 
adventures  in  the  Desolate  Island.  The 
second  part  contains  the  exploits  and 
love  affairs  of  Parisme'nos.-  Kmanuol 
Foord,  Parimtui  (1598). 

Pariza'de  (l  syl.),  daughter  of 
Khrosrou-echah  sultan  of  Persia,  and 
sister  of  Banman  and  Pervi/.  These 
three,  in  infancy,  were  Bent  adrift,  each  at 
the  time  of  birth,  through  the  jealousy 
of  their  two  maternal  aunts,  who  went  to 
nurse  the  sultana  in  lier  confinement  :  but 
they  were  drawn  out  of  the  canal  by  the 
superintendent  of  the  sultan's  gardens, 
who  brought  them  up.  Parizade  rivalled 
her  brothers  in  horsemanship,  archery, 
running,  and  literature.  One  day,  a 
devotee  who  had  been  kindly  entreated 
by  Parizade,  told  her  the  house  she  lived 
in  wanted  three  things  to  make  it  per- 
fect: (1)  the  talking  oird,  (2)  the  siiviiiuj 
tree,  and  (.'!)  the  gold-coloured  water. 
Her  two  brothers  went  to  obtain  these 
treasures,  but  failed.  Parizade  then  went, 
and  succeeded.  The  sultan  paid  them  a 
visit,  and  the  talking  bird  revealed  to 
him  the  story  of  their  birth  and  bringing 
up.  When  the  sultan  heard  the  infamous 
tale,  he  commanded  the  two  sisters  to  be 
put  to  death,  and  Parizade,  with  her  two 
brothers,  were  then  proclaimed  the  lawful 
children  of  the  sultan. — Arabian   Nights 

("The  Two  Sisters,"  the  last,  story). 

***  The  story  of  Chery  and  Fairstar, 
by  the  comtease  D'Aunoy,  is  an  imita- 
tion of  this  tale;  and  introduces  the 
"gieen  bird,"  the  "sinking  apple," 
and  the  "  dancing  water." 

Parley.  "  If  ye  parley  with  the  foe, 
you're  lost." — Araen  of  Feversham,  iii.  2 
(1592) ;  recast  by  Geo.  Lillo  (1739). 

Parley  {Peter),  Samuel  Griswold Good- 
rich, an  American.  Above  -even  millions 
of  his  books  were  in  circulation  in  L859 
(1798-1860). 

*#*  Several    piracies    of    this    popular 

name  have  appeared.  Thus,  S.  Kettellof 
America  pirated  the  n:< in  order  to  »l\ 

under  false  colours  ;  I  >artoii  and  <  So.  issued 

a  Peter  Parley's  Annual  (1841  1865);  Sim- 
kins,  a  Peter  Parley's  Life  of  Paul  (1845) ; 
Bogue,  a  Peter  Parley's  Visit  to  London, 


etc.  (1644);  Tegg,  several   works  und«*r 
.  i  Peter  Parlev's 

. 

Parlei  Nona 

of  which  works  were  by  Goodrich,  the 
real  "  Peter  Parley." 

William  Martin  was  the  writer  of 
I larton's  "  P<  ter  Parby  series. "    1 1 

Bfogridge  wrote  several  tales  under  'he 
name    01     Peter    Parley.       I  low    far 

'•false  pretences"  are  justifiable,  public 
opinion  must,  decide. 

Parliament  (The  Black),  a  parlia- 
ment held  by  Henry  VIII.  in  Brid 

(For  Addled  parliament.  P.arebone's 
parliament,  the  I 'evil's  parliament,  the 
Drunken  parliament,  the  Good  parlia- 
ment, the  Long  parliament,  the  -Mad 
parliament,    the    Pensioner    parliament, 

the  Pump  parliament,  the  Running  par- 
liament, the  Unmerciful  parliament,  the 
Useless  parliament,  the  Wonder-making 
parliament,  the  parliament  of  Dunces, 
sec  Dictionary  of  J'/a;t.  .  ''..'.7.) 

Parnassus    (in    Greek   Panu 
the  highest  part  of  a  range  of  mountains 
north  of  Delphi,  in  Greece,  chief  seal  of 

Apollo  and  the   Muses.      Called  by  ports, 

"double-headed,"   from  its  two  highest 

summits,     TithOr'ia    and    /. 

Lycorea  was    the    Corycian    cave,    and 

hence  the  Muses  are  called   the   I  oryci.iu 

nymphs. 

Conquer  the  severe  ascent 
Of  Mg)|  [Vini.issui 
Akrn  i.li-,  r:,-  untrctuf  lm,ijinnti»n,  i.  (17441. 

Parnassus  of  Japan,  Fusiyama  ("rich 
scholar's    peak").— Gibson,    Oatli 
iphy,  921  (1872). 

Parnelle  (Mde.),  the  mother  of  Hon. 
Orgon,  and  an  ultra-admirer  of  Tartuffe, 

whom  she   looks  on  as  s  saint.     In  the 

adaptation  of  Molieie's  comedy  by  l-'iu: 
Bickeretaff,  Mde.   Parnelle  is  called  "old 

lady  Lambert ; "  her  son,  "sir  John  I-nu- 
bert;"  and  Tartuffe,  "Dr.  CantweU.'"— 
Moliere,  Tartuffe (1664) 5  Bickereta 
i 

%*    •  r,  by   (ibbcr  (1706), 

was  the  quarry  of  BickerstafFs  play. 

Parody  (Father  of),  Ilipro'nax  of 
Ephesus  (sixth  century  h.c). 

ParolTos  (8  sy/Oi  ■  boastful, 
cowardly  follower  m   Bertram  count  ol 

Kousillon.  His  utterances  are  racy 
enough,  bat  our  contempt  for  the  man 
smut  Iters  our  mirth,  and  we  cannot  Laugh* 
In  one  scene  the  bully  is  taken  blindfold 
among   his    old    acquaintances,    who   ho 


PARPAILLONS. 


734         PARTHENOPE  OF  NAPLES. 


is  led  to  suppose  are  his  enemies,  and  he 
vilifies  their  characters  to  their  faces  in 
most  admired  foolerv. — Shakespeare, 
All's  Well  that  Ends  Well  (1598). 

He  [Dr.  Parr]  was  a  mere  Parolles  in  a  pedagogue's 
Wig. — Nodes  A  mbrosiaiuB. 

(For  similar  tongue-doughty  heroes,  see 
Basilisco,    Bessus,    Bluff,    Bobadil, 

IjOROUGHCLIFF,     BrAZEN,     FLASH,     PlS- 

tol,  Pyrgo  Polinicks,  Scaramouch, 
Thraso,  Vincent  de  la  Rosa,  etc.) 

Parpaillons  {King  of  the),  toe  father 
of  Gargamelle  "a  jolly  pug  and  well- 
mouthed  wench "  who  married  Gran- 
gousier  "  in  the  vigour  of  his  age,"  and 
became  the  mother  of  Gargantua. — 
Rabelais,  Gargantua,  i.  3  (1533). 

Parr  ( Old) .  Thomas  Parr,  we  are  told, 
lived  in  the  reign  of  ten  sovereigns.  He 
married  his  second  wife  when  he  was  120 
years  old,  and  had  a  child  by  her.  He 
was  a  husbandman,  born  at  Salop,  in 
1483,  and  died  1635,  aged  152. 

Parricide  (The  Beautiful),  Beatrice 
Cenci,  who  is  said  to  have  murdered  her 
father  for  the  incestuous  brutality  with 
which  he  had  treated  her  (died  1599). 

Shelley  has  a  tragedy  on  the  subject, 
called  The  Cenci  (1819). 

Parsley  Peel,  the  first  sir  Robert 
Peel.  So  called  from  the  great  quantity 
of  printed  calico  with  the  parsley-leaf 
pattern  manufactured  by  him  (1750- 
1830). 

Parson  Adams,  a  simple-minded 
country  clergyman  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  At  the  age  of  50  he  was  pro- 
vided with  a  handsome  income  of  £23  a 
year  (nearly  £300  of  our  money). — Field- 
ing, Joseph  Andrews  (1742). 

Timothy  Burrell,  Esq.,  in  1715,  be- 
queathed to  his  nephew  Timothy,  the 
Bum  of  £20  a  year,  to  be  paid  during  his 
residence  at  the  university,  and  to  be  con- 
tinued to  him  till  he  obtained  some  pre- 
ferment worth  at  least  £30  a  year. — 
Sussex  Archaeological  Collections,  iii.  172. 

Goldsmith  says  the  clergyman  of  his 
"deserted  village"  was  "passing"  or 
exceedingly  rich,  for  he  had  £40  a  year 
(equal  to  £500  now).  In  Norway  and 
Sweden,  to  the  present  day,  the  clergy 
are  paid  from  £20  to  £40  a  year,  and  in 
France,  £40  is  the  usual  stipend  of  the 
working  clergy. 

Parson  Bate,  a  stalwart,  choleric, 
pporting   parson,   editor  of  the   Morning 


Post  in  the  latter  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  He  was  afterwards  sir  Henry 
Bate  Dudley,  bart. 

When  sir  Henry  Bate  Dudley  was  appointed  an  Irish 
dean,  a  young  lady  of  Dublin  said.  "  Och  1  how  I  long  to 
see  our  dane  1  They  say  ...  he  tights  like  an  angel."— 
CatseU't  Magazine  ("  London  Legends,"  iii.). 

Parson  Runo  (A),  a  simple-minded 
clergyman,  wholly  unacquainted  with  the 
world  ;  a  Dr.  Primrose,  in  fact.  It  is  a 
Russian  household  phrase,  having  its 
origin  in  the  singular  simplicity  of  tho 
Lutheran  clergy  of  the  Isle  of  Rune. 

Parson  Trulliber,  a  fat  clergyman, 
slothful,  ignorant,  and  intensely  bigotod. 
— Fielding,  Joseph  Andrews* (11 42). 

Parsons  ( Walter),  the  giant  porter 
of  king  James  I.  (died  1622). — Fuller, 
Worthies  (1662). 

Parsons'  Kaiser  (Tfic),  Karl  IV. 
of  Germany,  who  was  set  up  by  pope 
Clement  VI.,  while  Ludwig  IV.  was  still 
on  the  throne.  The  Germans  called  the 
pope's  prote'ge',  lipfajfen  kaiser." 

Parthe'nia,  the  mistress  of  ArgSlus. 
—Sir  Philip  Sidney,  Arcadia  (1580). 

Parthen'ia,  Maidenly  Chastity  personi- 
fied. Parthenia  is  sister  of  Agnei'a 
(3  syl.)  or  wifely  chastity,  the  spouse  of 
Encra'tes or  temperance.  Her  attendant 
is  Er'ythre  or  modesty.  (Greek,  par- 
the'nia, "  maidenhood.") — Phineas  Flet- 
cher, The  Purple  Island,  x.  (1633). 

Parthen'ope  (4  syl.),  one  of  the 
three  syrens.  She  was  buried  at  Naples. 
Naples  itself  was  anciently  called  Par- 
thenope,  which  name  was  changed  to 
Neap' ol  is  ("the  new  city")  by  a  colony 
of  Cuma;ans. 

By  dead  Parthenope's  dear  tomb. 

Milton,  Comut,  879  (1634). 
Loitering  by  the  sea 
That  laves  the  passionate  shores  of  soft  PaJrthenop& 
Lord  Lytton,  Ode,  iii.  2  (1839). 

(The  three  syrens  were  Parthen'ope, 
Ligea,  and  Leucos'ia  not  Leucotk'ea,  q.v.) 

Parthen'ope  (4  syl.),  the  damsel  beloved 
by  prince  Volscius. — Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, The  Rehearsal  (1671). 

Parthen'ope  of  Naples,  San- 
nazaro  the  Neapolitan  poet,  called  "  The 
Christian  Virgil."  Most  of  his  poems 
were  published  under  the  assumed  nam* 
of  Actius  Sincerus  (1458-1530). 

At  last  the  Muses  .  .  .  scattered  .  .  . 

Their  blooming  wreaths  from  fair  Vaiclusa's  bowers  [/'» 

trarch\ 
To  Arno  [  Dante"  and  Boccaccio]  ...  and  the  shore 
Of  sof  tParthenope. 

Akeiu.de.  I'tensuret  of  Itn  initiation,  li   (1,441 


rARTHEXOI'KAX  REPUBLIC.       735 


PASSAMONTE. 


Parthenopo'an  Republic,  Naples 
(1799). 

Partington  {Mrs.),  an  old  lady  of 
amusing  affectations  and  ridiculous  blun- 
ders of  speech.  Sheridan's  "Mrs.  Mal.i- 
prop"and  Smollett's  "Tabitha  Bramble" 

are  similar  characters. — B.  P.  Shillnber 
(an  American  humorist). 

I  do  "-pt  ni" -'in  to  be  disrespectful ;  but  tin*  Attempt  "f 
.   to  stop  the  progress  <»f  reform  reminds  me  wry 

fur.  [My  Dl  111.-  k*r.   i!  ■!..nn  of  BJdmOUth,  ami   the  loiiilnrt 

of  the  excellent  Mrs.  PaitlDgton  on  thai  occasion.  In  the 
winter  "f  ISM,  there  let  In  *  great  Bood  upon  that  town  ; 
the  liile  rose  to  nn  lucre  llble  belght :  the  wares  m-lnsl  in 
upon  the  bouses;  and  erer/thlng  waa  threatened  with 
destruction.    In  the  ml  lime  itorm,  Dame 

Partington,  who  lived  upon  the  beach,  waa  leen  at  the 
door  ..i  her  home  with  mop  ami  pattens,  trundling  her 
mop,  iqueexliig  out  the  tea-water,  and  rl 
away  the  Atlantic  Ocean.    The  Atlantic  was  n 
Partington's  tplrttwaa  up;  but  l  need  not  u-li  you  that 
the  com,  iL    The  Atlantic  beat  Mrs    l\u-t- 

ington.  she  was  excellent  at  a  riop  or  paddle,  but  mould 
never  haw  meddled  with  a  tempest.  —  s>'<lm ij  Smith 
(s|«vcb  at  Taunton.  1S31). 

Partlet,  the  hen,  in  "The  Xun'3 
Priest's  Tale,"  and  in  the  famous  beaut- 
epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). — Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

Sister  J 'art let  with  her  hooded  head,  the 
cloistered  community  *of  nuns;  the 
Roman  Catholic  clergy  lining  the  "  barn- 
door fowls."— Dryden,  Hind  and  Panther 
(1G87). 

Partridge.  Talus  waa  changed  into 
a  partridge. 

Partridge,  cobbler,  quack,   astrologer, 

and    almanac-maker   (died   170*).     Dean 

Swift  wrote  an  elegy  on  him. 

Here,  fire  feet  deep,  Del  on  nil  hack, 
A  cnhler,  Itarmongar,  and  Quack. 
Who,  tO  the  stirs  in  pure  good  will, 
Does  to  his  be_~t  look  upward  still. 

Weep  ail  fou  cmtomen  that  use 

His  pills,  hii  almanacs,  or  shoes. 

Partridge,  the  attendant  of  Tom  Jones, 
as  Strap  is  of  Smollett's  "  Roderick  Ran- 
dom.'1 Faithful,  shrewd,  and  of  child-like 
simplicity,  lie  is  half  barber  and  half 
schoolmaster.  His  excitement  in  the 
play-house  when  he  wen!  to  see  Gamete 
in  "Hamlet"  is  charming.  —  Fielding, 
'L'ue  History  of  Tom  Jones  ^17-l'.t). 

The  humour  nf  Bmollett,  although  tannine  ai 
b  coarse  ami  v<r 

■bowed  deep  Insight)  bul  be  had  a  rude  c 1 

genorcaitT  o?  which  Fielding  seem    Incapable.    II  . 

t<>  this  that  "Strap"  is  superior  to  "  Pai  ■■ 
t'v/iic  a/Hlera, 

Partridge's  Day  (Saint),  September 
1,    the   Oral   day  of  partridge  snooting. 
So  August  12  is  called   "St.  *•: 
Day." 

Parvenuo.  One  of  the  O'Neals, 
being  told  that  Barretl  of  Castlemone  had 
only  bean   1U0  years  in  Ireland,  replied, 


"  1  h  1  irt,  which  can  only  Ltok 

tn  yesterday." 

Parviz  "),    surname    of 

Khosrou  II.  of  Persia,     He  kepi 
female  musicians,  6000  household  ■        n 
20,600   Baddle-mn 
slaves  to  scatti  r  perfumes  h  ben  I 
abroad,  and  1000  sekabers  t"  water  the 
roads  before  him.     His  horse,  Shibdiz, 
was  called  "the  Persian  Bucephalus." 

The  reigns  of  Khomrou  I.  and  II.  wen 
the  golden  period  of  Persian  history, 

Parzival,  the  hero  and  title  of  a  metri- 
cal romance,  by  Wolfram  v.  Bsohenbaeh. 
Parzival  was  brought  up  by  B  widowed 
mother  in  solitude,  bnt  when  grown  to 
manhood,  two  wandering  knight 
Buaded  him  to  go  to  the  court  of  king 
Arthur.  His  mother,  hoping  to  deter 
him,  consented  to  his  going  ii  he  would 
wear  the  dress  of  a  common  jester.  This 
be  did,  but  soon  achieved  such  noble 
deeds  that  Arthur  made  him  a  knight 
of  the  Round  Table.  Sir  Parzival  went 
in  quest  of  the  holy  graal,  which  was 
kept  in  a  magnificent  castle  called  Graal- 
burg,  in  Spain,  built  by  the  royal  priest 
Titurel.  He  reached  the  castle,  but 
having  neglected  certain  conditions,  was 

shut  out,  and.  on  his  return  to  COUlt,  the 

priestess  of  Graal-burg  insisted  on  his 

being  expelled  the  court  and  degraded 
from  knighthood.  Parzival  then  led  a 
new  life  of  abstinence  and  self-al 
tion,  and  a  wise  hermit  became  his  in- 
structor. At  length  he  reached  such  a 
state  of  purity  and  sanctity  that  the 
priestess  of  Graal-burg  declared  him 
worthy   to    become    lord    of    the    cattle 

%*  This,  of  course,  is  an  allegory  "f 
a  Christian  giving  up  everything  in  order 

to   be  admitted   a   priest   and    kin;,'  in   the 

city  of  God,  and  becoming  a  fool  in  order 
to  learn  true  wisdom  (see  1  0  r.  1 
Pasquin,  a  Roman  cobbler  of  the 

latter  halt'  iH*  the  fifteenth  century,  wlmse 

simp  st i    in  the  neighbourfa 1  of  the 

Prasohi    palace  near    the    Pia.'/a    Xavmii. 
He  «  BS  noted  fur  his  caustic  remarks  and 

bitter  sayings.     Aftei  bis  death,  a  muti- 
lated  statue  near  the  shop  was  called  by 
his  name,  and  made  the  repository  of  nil 
the  bitter  epigrams  and  satirical  \  ei 
the  city  ;  hen 

1  Bon  Paaquin  of  Uio  ti.wi. 

— C    Mi  -  -d'.  L  1  (177V). 

Passamonte  (Gmes  l<  >.  the  galley- 

slave  s(  t  free  by  don  Quixote.     He  re- 
turned  the    favour   by  stealing    Sancho's 


PASSATORE. 


736 


PATAGONIANS. 


wallet  and  ass.  Subsequently  he  re- 
appeared as  a  puppet-showman.  —  Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote  (1605-15). 

Passatore  (II),  a  title  assumed  by 
Belli'no,  an  Italian  bandit  chief,  who 
died  1851. 

Passe-Lourdaud  (3  syl.),  a  great 
rock  near  Poitiers,  where  there  is  a  very 
narrow  hole  on  the  edge  of  a  precipice, 
through  which  the  university  freshmen 
are  made  to  pass  to  "matriculate"  them. 
(Passe-Lourdaud  means  "lubber-pass.") 

The  same  is  done  at  Mantua,  where  the 
freshmen  are  made  to  pass  under  the  arch 
of  St.  Longlnus. 

Passel'yon,  a  young  foundling 
brought  up  by  Morgan  la  Fee.  He  was 
detected  in  an  intrigue  with  Morgan's 
daughter.  The  adventures  of  this  amorous 
youth  are  related  in  the  romance  called 
Perceforest,  iii. 

Passetre^d,  the  name  of  sir  Tris- 
tram's horse. 

Passe-tyme  of  Plesure,  an  alle- 
gorical poem  in  forty-six  capitulos  and 
in  seven-line  stanzas,  by  Stephen  Hawes 
(1506).  The  poet  supposes  that  while 
Graunde  Ainoure  was  walking  in  a 
meadow,  he  encountered  Fame,  "en- 
uyroned  with  tongues  of  fyre,"  who  told 
him  about  La  bell  I'ucell,  a  ladye  fair, 
living  in  the  Tower  of  Musike,  and  then 
departed,  leaving  him  under  the  charge 
of  Gouernaunce  and  Grace  who  conducted 
him  to  the  Tower  of  Doctrine.  Coun- 
tenaunce,  the  portress,  Bhowed  him  over 
the  tower,  and  lady  Science  sent  him  to 
Uramer.  Afterwards  he  was  sent  to 
Logyke,  Kethorike,  Inuention,  Aris- 
metrike,  and  Musike.  In  the  Tower  of 
Musike  he  met  La  bell  Pucell,  pleaded  his 
love,  and  was  kindly  entreated  ;  but  they 
were  obliged  to  part  for  the  time  being, 
while  Graunde  Amoure  continued  his 
"  passe-tyme  of  plesure."  On  quitting  La 
bell  I'ucell,  he  went  to  Geometrye,  and 
then  to  Dame  Astronomy.  Then,  leaving 
the  Tower  of  Science,  he  entered  that 
of  Chyualry.  Here  Mynerue  introduced 
him  to  kyng  Melyzyus,  after  which  he 
went  to  tha-  temple  of  Venus,  who  sent  a 
letter  on  his  behalf  to  La  bell  I'ucell. 
Meanwhile,  the  giant  False  Report  (or 
Godfrey  Gobilyue),  met  him,  and  put  him 
to  great  distress  in  the  house  of  Correction, 
but  Perceueraunce  at  length  conducted 
him  to  the  manour-house  of  Dame  Com- 
fort. After  sundry  trials,  Graunde 
Amoure  married  La  bell  I'ucell,  and,  after 


many  a  long  day  of  happiness  and  love, 
was  arrested  by  Age,  who  took  him  before 
Policye  and  Auafice.  Death,  in '  time, 
came  for  him,  and  Remembraunce  wrote 
his  epitaph. 

Paston  Letters,  letters  chiefly 
written  to  or  by  the  Paston  family,  in 
Norfolk.  Charles  Knight  calls  them 
"  an  invaluable  record  of  the  social 
customs  of  the  fifteenth  century."  Two 
volumes  appeared  in  1787,  entitled 
Original  Letters  Written  During  the  Reigns 
of  Henry  VI,  Edward  IV.,  and  Richard 
III,  by  Various  Persons  of  Rank.  Three 
extra  volumes  were  subsequently  j  rinted. 

Some  doubt  has  been  raised  respecting 
the  authenticity  of  these  letters. 

Pastor  Fi'do  {II),  a  pastoral  by 
Giovanni  Battista  Guari'ni  of  Ferrara 
(1585). 

Pastoral  Romance  ( The  Father  oj~), 
Honore  d'Urfe  (1567-1625). 

PastoreUa,  the  fair  shepherdess  (bk. 
vi.  !»),  beloved  by  Corydon,  but  "neither 
for  him  nor  any  Other  did  she  care  a  wh;1;." 
She  was  a  foundling,  brought  up  by  the 
shepherd  Melibee.  When  sir  Calidore 
(3  syl.)  was  the  shepherd's  guest,  he  fell 
in  love  with  the  fair  foundling,  who  re- 
turned his  love.  During  the  absence  of 
sir  Calidore  in  a  hunting  expedition, 
PastoreUa,  with  Melibee  and  Corydon, 
were  carried  off  by  brigands.  Melibee 
was  killed,  Corydon  effected  his  escape, 
and  PastoreUa  was  wounded.  Sir  Cali- 
dore went  to  rescue  his  shepherdess, 
killed  the  brigand  chief,  and  brought 
back  the  captive  in  safety  (bk.  vi.  11). 
He  took  her  to  Belgard  Castle,  and  it 
turned  out  that  the  beautiful  foundling 
was  the  daughter  of  lady  Claribel  and 
sir  Bellamour  (bk.  vi.  12).  — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  vi.  9-12  (1596). 

"PastoreUa"  is  meant  for  Frances 
Walsingham,  daughter  of  sir  Francis 
Walsingham,  whom  sir  Philip  Sidney 
("sir Calidore")  married.  After  Sidney's 
death,  the  widow  married  the  earl  ol 
Essex  (the  queen's  favourite).  Sir  Philip 
being  the  author  of  a  romance  called 
Arcadia,  suggested  to  the  poet  the  nauu 
PastoreUa. 

Patago'nians.  This  word  meant 
"  large  foot,"  from  the  Spanish  patagdn 
("  a  large,  clumsy  foot ").  The  Spaniards 
so  called  the  natives  of  this  part  of  Soutl 
America,  from  the  unusual  size  of  tin 
human  foot-prints  in  the  sand.     It   ap- 


■/ 


PATAMBA. 


737 


PATRIARCHS. 


pean  that  these  foot-prints  were  dm  to  ■ 
Iar^e  clumsy  shoe  worn  by  the  native*. 
ami  were  cot  the  impressions  of  naked 

feet. 

Patam'ba,  a  city  of   the  A. 
south  of  Missouri,  utterly  destroyed  by 

earthquake  and  overwhelm! 

Tltf  trli.J-  ||   i     ftbrOttl       ll'T.''    ffi.ln  tlic  n.-rth 

A  m  iii.i  nptcan  Um  lain,  arhoai  h.».-t  daptiu 
.   ibalu  UmioIM  with. 
Whuvi-  Patambal  .  .  .  Ti» might)  lake 
Hath  hunt  iu>  bound*,  iumI  yon  wide  rallaf  roan, 
A  troubled  ■••a.  baton  Uie  roltliir,  rtorm. 

S.utlu).  Miuloe  (1S03). 

Patch,  the  clever,  intriguing  waiting- 
woman  of  Isabinda  daughter  of  Bir 
Jealous  Traffics:.  As  she  was  handing  a 
love-letter  in  cipher  to  her  mistress,  she 
let  it  full,  ami  sir  Jealous  picked  it  up. 
He  could  not  read  it,  but  insisted  on 
knowing  what  it  meant.  "  » >h,"  cried  the 
ready  wit,  "  it  is  a  charm  for  the  tooth- 
ache!" and  the  suspicion  of  sir  Jealous 

was  diverted  (act  iv.  2). — Mrs.  Centime, 
Tltc  Busy  Body  (1709). 

Patch  (Clause),   kin^   of   the    1" 
He  di«d  in  1730,  and  was  succeeded  by 
Bampfylde  Moore  Carew. 

Patche    (1     syl.),    cardinal    Wi 
jester.    When  the  cardinal  felt  his  favour 
giving  way,   he  sent   Patche  as  a   gift  to 
the   kin^,   and    Henry   VIII.  considered 
the  <^ift  a  most  acceptable  one. 

We  rail  one  Patche  or  Qrjwten.  whom  wo  see  to  do  a 
thing  f.H.IUhly.  bacanaa  than  two  in  Uiel!  time  were 
nubble  took. — Wilson,  Art  of  ilheturi-jua  (UBS). 

Patched-up  Peace  (  The),  a  treaty 
of  peace  between  the  due  d'Orleana  and 
John  of  Burgundy  (1409). 

*„,*  Sometimes  the  treaty  between 
Charles  IX.  and  the  huguenots,  concluded 
at  Longjuineau  in  1668,  is  bo  culled  (La 

PatX  luurrc'e). 

Patelin  ('2  syl.),  the  liero  of  an 
ancient  French  comedy.  He  contrives 
to  obtain  on  credit  six  ells  of  cloth  from 
William  Josseaume,  by  artfully  praising 

the  tradesman's  father.  Any  subtle, 
crafty    fellow,    who     entices    by    flattery 

and  insinuating  arts,  is  called  a  Patelin. 
— 1'.  Blanchet,   L'Avocai  Patelin  (l  169- 

1519). 

On  lalajtMbna,  mnUaiort.  la  Fareade  L'Ai  mot  Pattltn, 
qui  tat   flu.  utdauna  <|i-e  hd,  "■  nar$ 

t  utaaraal  ui,.. 

r    .ir,  I  prraj  n»l    b  «  I  n,  having 

atutud  toaxtul  to  hi,'  until  boaTtna  Um  father  ol 
no  more  Uiaii  tin.  .  he  did  lend 
(Mai}    'o    dXM  wlin    van   djatroua  ul   Un-in.— Kuhauui, 
l;i;t.irritr!.  Ill    4 

*«•  D.  A.  de  Brueys  reproduced  this 
«omedy  in  1706. 


Pater   Patrum.     Bt    Gregory  of 

•    nilled     b]  .'il     of 

Nice 
Paterson    (Pate), 

Scott,  r/ts  Pirate  (time,  William  ill.). 
Pathflnd  ■•  Bvmppot 

also    called    '•'llo-     U  "The 

Hawk-eye,*1     and     "The     Trapjier." — 
Penimore  Cooper  (five  novels  cai  ■ 

'■  r,   The  i  ■    laurr, 

is*    of   the    Mohioant,    and    Ti%e 
Prairie. 

Pathfinder      of      the      Rocky 
Mountains  (  The),  major-general  John 
Charles    Fremont,    who    conducted   four 
exploring  expeditions    i 
Mountains  in  1842. 

Patience  and  Shuffle  the 
Cards. 

In  the  mean  time,  as  Durand»rt(i  n  in  the  ear*  of 
■  00*,   "  Patience  and   shuttle    Hie    cjuda."—  Lord 

II)  ruiL 

Patient  Qriselda  or  Grisildis, 
the  wife  of  Wautier  marquis  of  Salucda. 

Boccaccio    says   she   was   a    poor  country 

lass,  who  became  the  wife  of  Gualtiere 
marquis  of  Saluzzo.    She  was  robbed  of 
her  children  by  her  husband,  redu 
abject  poverty,  divorced,  and  commanded 
to  assist  in  the  marriage  of  her  husband 

with  another  woman  ;   but  she  bore  «.'•'<  ry 

affront  patiently,  and  without 
— Chaucer,  Canterbury  1. 
Clerk's    Tale,"    1888);     Boccaccio,    De- 

can, <  rcii,  x.   10  (1352). 

The   tnle    is   allegorical   of   that 
"The    Lord   gave,    and    the    Lord    hath 
taken  away  ;  blessed  be  the  name  of  th# 
Lord"  (Jobi  21). 

Patient  Man.  "  Beware  the  fury 
of  a  patient  man." — Dryden,  Absalom  ana 
Aehaophet,  i.  (1681). 

PatLn,    brother    of    the    i 
Rome.     He  fights  with  Am'adis  of  Caul, 

and    has    his    horse    killed    under   him. — 

Vasco  ue  Lobelia,  A$nadu  of  Oaid  (thir- 
teenth century). 

Patison,  licensed  jester  to  sir  Thos. 

More.        Hans     Holbein     lias     mtr 

this  jester    in   his   fumous   picture   of    tho 

lord  chancellor. 

Patriarch  of  Doroliester,  Ji  '.n 

White  of   Dorchester,   ■  puritan   divine 

Patriarchs  (771*  Ixist  of  the).  So 
Christopher    Caaby    of     Bleeding-hearl 

J    B 


PATRICK. 


r.38 


PATEON. 


Yard  was  called.  "  So  grey,  so  slo'v,  so 
quiet,  so  iuipassionate,  so  very  bumpy  ;n 
the  head,  that  patriarch  was  the  word 
for  him."  Painters  implored  him  to  be 
a  model  for  some  patriarch  they  designed 
to  paint.  Philanthropists  looked  on  him 
as  famous  capital  for  a  platform.  He 
had  once  been  town  agent  in  the  Circum- 
locution Office,  and  was  well-to-do. 

His  face  had  a  bloom  on  it  like  ripe  wall-fruit,  and  his 
blue  eyes  seemed  to  be  the  eyes  of  wisdom  and  virtue. 
His  whole  face  teemed  with  the  look  of  benignity.  No- 
body could  say  where  the  wisdom  was,  or  where  the  virtue 
was,  or  where  the  benignity  was,  hut  they  seemed  to  ho 
tomewhere  about  him.  ...  He  wore  a  long  wide-skirted 
bottle-green  coat,  and  a  bottle-green  pair  of  trousers,  and 
a  bottle-green  waistcoat.  The  patriarchs  were  not  dressed 
In  bottle-green  broadcloth,  and  yet  his  clothes  looked 
patriarchal. — C.  Dickens,  Little  Dvrrit  (1857). 

Patrick,  an  old  domestic  at  Shaw's 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ronan's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Patrick  (St.),  the  tutelar  saint  of 
Ireland.  Born  at  Kirk  Patrick,  near 
Dumbarton.  His  baptismal  name  was 
"  Sueceath"  ("  valour  in  war"),  changed 
by  Mileho,  to  whom  he  was  sold  as  a 
slave,  into  "Cotharig"  (four  families  or 
four  masters,  to  whom  he  had  been  sold). 
It  was  pope  Celestine  who  changed  the 
name  to  "  Patricius,"  when  he  sent  him 
to  convert  the  Irish. 

Certainly  the  most  marvellous  of  all 
the  miracles  ascribed  to  the  saints  is  that 
recorded  of  St.  Patrick.  "  He  swam 
across  the  Shannon  with  his  head  in  his 
mouth  !  " 

St.  Patrick  and  king  O'Ncil.  One  day, 
the  saint  set  the  end  of  his  crozier  on 
the  foot  of  O'Neil  king  of  Ulster,  and, 
leaning  heavily  on  it,  hurt  the  king's 
foot  severely ;  but  the  royal  convert 
showed  no  indication  of  pain  or  annoy- 
ance whatsoever. 

A  similar  anecdote  is  told  of  St.  Areed, 
who  went  to  show  the  king  of  Abyssinia 
a  musical  instrument  he  had  invented. 
His  majesty  rested  the  head  of  his  spear 
on  the  saint's  foot,  and  leaned  with  both 
his  hands  on  the  spear  while  he  listened 
to  the  music.  St.  Areed,  though  his  great 
toe  was  severely  pierced,  showed  no  sign 
of  pain,  but  went  on  playing  as  if  nothing 
was  the  matter. 

St.  Patrick  and  the  Serpent.  St. 
Patrick  cleared  Ireland  of  vermin.  One 
old  serpent  resisted,  but  St.  Patrick 
overcame  it  by  cunning.  He  made  a 
box,  and  invited  the  serpent  to  enter  in. 
The  serpent  insisted  it  was  too  small ; 
and  so  high  the  contention  grew  that  the 
Berpent  got  into  the  box  to  prove  that 
ho    was    right,    whereupon    St.    Patrick 


siammed  down  the  lid,  and  cast  the  box 
into  the  sea. 

This  tradition  is  marvellously  like  an 
incident  of  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertain- 
ments. A  fisherman  had  drawn  up  a  box 
or  vase  in  his  net,  and  on  breaking  it 
open  a  genius  issued  therefrom,  and 
threatened  the  fisherman  with  immediate 
destruction  because  he  had  been  enclosed 
so  long.  Said  the  fisherman  to  the  genius, 
"  I  wish  to  know  whether  you  really 
were  in  that  vase."  "  I  certainly  was," 
answered  the  genius.  "  I  cannot  believe 
it,"  replied  the  fisherman,  "  for  the  vase 
could  not  contain  even  one  of  your  feet." 
Then  the  genius,  to  prove  his  assertion, 
changed  into  smoke,  and  entered  into 
the  vase,  saying,  "  Now,  incredulous 
fisherman,  dost  thou  believe  me  ?  "  But 
the  fisherman  clapped  the  leaden  cover 
on  the  vase,  and  told  the  genius  he  was 
about  to  throw  the  box  into  the  sea,  and 
that  he  would  build  a  house  on  the  spot 
to  warn  others  not  to  fish  up  so  wicked 
a  genius. — Arabian  Nights  ("  The  Fisher- 
man," one  of  the  earlv  tales). 

***  St.  Patrick,  I  "fear,  had  read  the 
Arabian  Nights,  and  stole  a  leaf  from  the 
fisherman's  book. 

St.  Patrick  a  Gentleman. 

Oh,  SL  Patrick  was  a  gentleman. 
Who  came  of  dacent  people.  .  . 

This  song  was  written  by  Messrs. 
Bennet  and  Toleken,  of  Cork,  and  was 
first  sung  by  them  at  a  masquerade  in 
1814.  It  was  afterwards  lengthened  for 
Webbe,  the  comedian,  who  made  it 
popular. 

St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,  lough  Derg, 
in  Ireland.  At  the  end  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  the  purgatory  of  lough  Derg 
was  destroved,  by  order  of  the  pope,  on 
St.  Patrick's  Day,  1497. 

Calderon  has  a  drama  entitled  The 
Purgatory  of  St.  Patrick  (1600-1681). 

Patriot  King  (The),  Henry  St. 
John  viscount  Bohngbroke  (1678-1751). 
He  hired  Mallet  to  traduce  Pope  after 
his  decease,  because  the  poet  refused  to 
give  up  certain  copies  of  a  work  which 
the  statesman  wished  to  have  destroyed. 

Write  as  if  SL  John's  soul  could  still  inspire. 
And  do  from  hate  what  Mallet  did  for  hire. 
Byron,  English  Bard4  and  Scotch  Jlerieuers  (1809). 

Patriot  of  Humanity.  So  Bvron 
calls  Henry  Grattan  (1750-1820).— Don 
Juan  (preface  to  canto  vi.,  etc.,  1824). 

Patron  (The),  a  farce  by  S.  Foot* 
(1764).  The  patron  is  sir  Thomas  Lofty, 
called  by    his  friends,    "  sharp-judging 


P  ATT  EX. 


m 


PAUL. 


Adriel,  the  Muse's  friend,  himself  a 
Muse,"  but  by  those  who  Loved  him  less 
Hi,,,  modern  Midaa."  Books  witiiout 
number  were  dedicated  to  him,  and  the 
writers  addressed  him  as  the  "  British 
Pollio,  Aniens,  the  Maecenas  of  Lng- 
land,  protector  of  arts,  paragon  of  poets, 
arbiter  of  taste,  and  sworn  appraiser  01 
Apollo  and  the  Muses."  The  plot  is  very 
simple:  Sir  Thomas  Lofty  has  written  a 
play  called  Robinson  Crusoe,  and  gets 
Richard  Bever  to  stand  godfather  to  it. 
The  play  is  damned  past  redemption, 
and,  to  soothe  Bever,  sir  Thomas  allows 
him  to  marrv  his  niece  Juliet.  _ 

Horace  Walpole,  earl  of  Orford,  is_tho 
original  of  "  sir  Thomas  Lofty  "  (171<- 
171*7). 

Patten,  according  to  Gay,  is  so  called 
from  Patty,  the  pretty  daughter  of  a 
Lincolnshire  farmer,  with  whom  the 
Village  blacksmith  fell  in  love.  To  save 
her  from  wet  feet  when  she  went  to  milk 
the  cows,  he  mounted  her  clogs  on  an 
iron  eke. 

Th.- i>»tten  now  supports  each  frugal  damn, 
Which  from  the  blue-eyed  l'uttv  takes  its  name. 

Gay,  ZVmo,  i.  (i.  l-'- 
(Of    course,   the  word    is    the    French 
patin,    "a   skate    or    high-heeled  shoe," 
from  the  Greek,  patein,  "to  walk.") 

Pattieson  {Mr.  Peter),  in  the  intro- 
duction of  The  Heart  of  Midlothian,  bysir 

W.  Scott,  and  again  in  the  introduction 
of  The  Bride  of  Lammermaor.  He  is  a 
hypothetical  assistant  teacher  at  Gander- 
Cleuch,  and  the  feigned  author  of  The 
Tales  of  My  Landlord,  which  sir  Walter 
Scott  pretends  were  published  by  Jede- 
diah  Gleishbotham,  after  the  death  of 
Pattieson. 

Patty,  "the  maid  of  the  mill," 
daughter  of  Fairfield  the  miller.  She 
was  brought  up  by  the  mother  of  lord 
Aimworth,  ami  was  promised  by  her 
father  in  marriage  to  Farmer  Giles  ;   but 

she    refused    to    m.-irrv    him,  and    became 

the  bride  of  lord  Aimworth.  Patty  was 
very  clever,  very  pretty,  very  ingenuous, 
and  loved  his  lordship  to  adoration.— 
Bickerstaff,  The  Maid  of  the  Mill  (1765). 
Pattypan    {Mrs.),    a   widow    who 

keeps   lodgings,  and  makes  love  b      Lim 
Tartlet,   to   whom  she   is  ultimately   en- 
gaged. 
By  »n  iuvoiint«.  the  U  |ud  m  loving  now  at  mo  wai 

thirty  roan   IgO.— James  Cobb,    Tht   firtt  J-loor,  i.    2 
0766  1818). 

Patullo     {Mrs.),    waiting-woman    to 


lady    Aahton.— S«  W.   Scott,    Bride  of 
Lammermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Pau-Puk-Keewis,  a  cunning  mis- 
chief-maker,   who     taught     the     North 

American  Indians  the  gam.-  of  hazard,  and 
stripped  them  by  his  winnings  of  all 
their  possessions.  In  a  mad  freak,  I'au- 
Pak-Keewis  entered  the  wigwam  of 
Hiawatha,  and  threw  everything  into 
confusion;  so  Hiawatha  resolved  to  slay 
him.  Pau-Puk-Keewis,  taking  to  Sight, 
prayed  the  beavers  to  make  him  a  beaver 
ten'times  their  own  size.  This  they  did  ; 
hut  when  the  other  beavers  made  their 
escape  at  the  arrival  of  Hiawatha,  Pau- 
Puk-Keewis  was  hindered  from  getting 
away  by  his  great  size;  and  Hiawatha 
slew  him.  His  spirit,  escaping,  tlew 
upwards,  and  prayed  the  storm-fools  to 
make  him  a  "  brant"  ten  times  their  own 
size.  This  was  done,  and  he  was  told 
never  to  look  downwards,  or  he  would 
lose  his  life.  When  Hiawatha  arrived, 
the  "brant"  could  not  forbear  looking 
at  him  ;  and  immediately  he  'fell  to 
earth,  and  Hiawatha  transformed  him 
into  an  eagle. 

Now  in  winter,  when  the  snowflakes 
Whirl  In  eddies  round  the  lodge*,  .  .  . 
"There,"  they  cry,  "comei  Pan-Pnk-Kaswlis 
He  Is  dancing  thro"  the 
He  U  gathering  in  bis  harvest. 

Longfellow,  Hiawatha.  xviL  (ISM). 

Paul,  the  love-child  of  Margaret,  who 
retired  to  port  Louis,  in  the  Mauritius, 

to  bury  herself,  and  bring  up  her  only 
child.  "  Hither  came  Mde.  de  la  Tour,  a 
widow,  and  was  confined  of  a  daughter, 
whom    she    named    Virginia.      Between 

these  neighbours  a  mutual  friendship 
arose,  and  the  two  children  became  plav- 
mates.  As  they  grew  in  years,  their 
fondness    for    each    other   developed   into 

love.  When  Virginia  was  15,  her 
mother's  aunt  adopted  her,  and  begged 

she  might  be  sent  to  France  to  finish 
her  education.  She  was  above  two  \  cars 
in  France  ;  and  as  she  refused  to  marry  a 
count    of    the   -'aunt's"   providing,   she 

was  disinherited,  and  sent  back  to  her 
mother.  When  within  a  cable's  length 
..f    the  island,  a  hurricane   dashed  the 

ship    to    pieces,    and    the    dead    body    of 

Virginia  was  thrown  upon  the  sh  ire. 
Paul  drooped  from  grief,  and  within  two 

months  followed  her  to  the  grave.  - 
Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre,  Paul  et  I  irgiae 
(1788). 

In  Cobb's  dramatic  version,  Paul  s 
mother  (Margaret)  is  made  a  faithful 
domestic  of  Virginia's,  parents.   Virginia'. 


PAUL. 


740 


PAULINE. 


mother  dies,  and  commits  her  infant 
daughter  to  the  care  of  Dominique,  a 
faithful  old  negro  servant,  and  Paul  and 
Virginia  are  brought  up  in  the  belief  that 
they  are  brother  and  sister.  When  Vir- 
ginia is  15  years  old,  her  aunt  Leonora 
de  Guzman  adopts  her,  and  sends  don 
Antonio  de  Guardesto  bring  her  to  Spain, 
and  make  her  his  bride.  She  is  taken  by 
force  on  board  ship  ;  but  scarcely  has  the 
ship  started,  when  a  hurricane  dashes  it 
on  rocks,  and  it  is  wrecked.  Alhambra, 
a  runaway  slave,  whom  Paul  and  Virginia 
had  befriended,  rescues  Virginia,  who  is 
brought  to  shore  and  married  to  Paul  ; 
but  Antonio  is  drowned  (1756-1818). 

Paul  (Father),  Paul  Sarpi  (1552-1628). 

Paul  (St.).  The  very  sword  which  cut 
off  the  head  of  this  apostle  is  preserved 
at  the  convent  of  La  Lisla,  near  Toledo,  in 
Spain.  If  any  one  doubts  the  fact,  he 
ma}-,  for  a  gratuity,  see  a  "  copper  sword, 
twenty-five  inches  long,  and  three  and 
a  half -broad,  on  one  side  of  which  is  the 
word  mucro  ('a  sword '),  and  on  the  other 
paulus  .  .  .  capite."  Can  anything  be 
more  convincing? 

Paul  (Tlie  Second  St.),  St.  Bemi  or 
Eemiijius,  "The  Great  Apostle  of  the 
French."  He  was  made  bishop  of  Khcims 
when  only  22  years  old.  It  was  St.  Remi 
who  baptized  Clovis,  and  told  him  that 
henceforth  he  must  worship  what  he 
hitherto  had  hated,  and  abjure  what  he 
had  hitherto  adored  (439-535). 

%*  The  cruse  employed  by  St.  Remi 
in  the  baptism  of  Clovis  was  used  through 
the  French  monarchy  in  the  anointing  of 
all  the  kings. 

Paul  Pry,  an  idle,  inquisitive, 
meddlesome  fellow,  who  has  no  occupa- 
tion of  his  own,  and  is  for  ever  poking  his 
nose  into  other  people's  affairs.  He 
always  comes  in  with  the  apology,  "I 
hope  I  don't  intrude." — John  Poole,  Paul 
Pry. 

Thomas  Hill,  familiarly  called  "Tommy 
Hill,"  was  the  original  of  this  character, 
and  also  of  "Gilbert  Gurney,"  by  Theo- 
dore Hook.  Planche'  says  of  Thomas 
Hill  : 

His  tpeeialiti  was  the  accurate  information  he  could  im- 
part  •  > 1 1  all  the  petty  details  of  the  domestic  economy  of 
bis  friends,  the  contents  of  their  wardrobes,  their  pantries, 
the  number  of  pots  of  preserve  in  their  store-closets,  and 
of  the  table-napkins  in  their  linen  presses,  tin-  dates  "f 
their  births  anil  marriages,  the  amounts  of  their  trades- 
men's bills,  and  whether  paid  weekly  or  quarterly.  He 
had  been  on  the  press,  and  was connected  with  tin-  Warn- 
ing Chronicle.  He  used  to  drive  Mathews  eras)  by  ferret- 
ing out  his  whereabouts  when  he  left  London,  and  popping 
the  information  in  .some  |>aper. — Reeollect  oms,  i .  181-2, 


Paul's  Pigeons,  the  boys  of  St. 
Paul's  School,  London. 

Paul's  "Walkers,  loungers  who  fre- 
quented the  middle  of  St  Paul's  in  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth,  as  they  did 
Bond  Street  during  the  regency. — See 
Ben  Jonson's  Every  Man  end  of  His 
Humour  (1590),  and  Harrison  Ainsworth'a 
Old  St.  PauFs  (1843). 

Pauletti  (The  lady  Erminia),  ward 
of  Master  George  Heriot  the  king's  gold- 
smith.— Sii  W.  Scott,  The  Fortunes  of 
Nujel  (time,  James  I.). 

Pauli'na,  the  noble-spirited  wife  of 
Antig'onus  a  Sicilian  lord,  and  the  kind 
friend  of  queen  Hermi'one.  When  Her- 
mione  gave  birth  in  prison  to  a  daughter, 
Paulina  undertook  to  present  it  to  king 
Leontus,  hoping  that  his  heart  would  be 
softened  at  the  sight  of  his  infant 
daughter  ;  but  he  commanded  the  child  to 
be  cast  out  on  a  desert  shore,  and  left 
there  to  perish.  The  child  was  drifted 
to  the  "coast"  of  Bohemia,  and  brought 
up  by  a  shepherd,  who  called  it  Perdita, 
Florizel,  the  son  of  king  PolixCnus,  fell 
in  love  with  her,  and  fled  with  her  to 
Sicily,  to  escape  the  vengeance  of  the 
angry  king.  The  fugitives  being  intro- 
duced to  Leontes,  it  was  soon  discovered 
that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daughter,  and 
Polixenes  consented  to  the  union  he  had 
before  forbidden.  Paulina  now  invited 
Leontes  and  the  rest  to  inspect  a  famous 
statue  of  Hermione,  and  the  statue 
turned  out  to  be  the  living  queen  herself. 
—Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Paulina  is  clever,  generous,  strong-minded,  and  warm- 
hearted, fe;irk---s  in  ns-erting  the  truth,  firm  in  her  sense 
of  right,  enthusiastic  in  all  her  affections,  quick  in 
thought,  resolute  in  word,  and  energetic  in  action,  but 
heedless,  bet-tempered,  Impatient,  loud,  bold,  voluble, 
and  turbulent  of  tongue.— Mrs.  Jameson. 

Pauline,  "The  Beauty  of  Lyons," 
daughter  of  Mon.  Deschappelles,  a  Ly- 
onese  merchant ;  "  as  pretty  as  Venus  and 
as  proud  as  Juno."  Pauline  rejected  the 
suits  of  Beauseant,  Glavis,  and  Claude 
Melnotte ;  and  the  three  rejected  lovers 
combined  on  vengeance.  To  this  end, 
Claude,  who  was  a  gardener's  son,  pre- 
tended to  be  the  prince  Como,  and  Pauline 
married  him,  but  was  indignant  when 
she  discovered  the  trick  which  had  been 
played  upon  her.  Claude  left  her  and 
entered  the  French  army,  where  in  two 
years  and  a  half  he  rose  to  the  rank  of 
colonel.  Returning  to  Lyons,  he  found 
his  father-in-law  on  the  ere  of  bank- 
ruptcy, and  Pauline  about  to  be  sold  to 
P.eauseant    for    money    to    satisfy    tha 


PAULINE. 


741 


PEACE. 


creditors.  Being  convinced  that  Pauline 
really  loved  him,  Claude  paid  the  money 
required,   and  claimed  the  lady  aa  his 

loving  find  grateful  wife. — Lord  L.  1$. 
Lytton,  The  Lady  of  Lyons  (1838). 

I'auline  (MademoiseiU)  or  Monna 
Paula,  the  attendant  <>f  lady  Erminia 
Panletti  the  goldsmith's  ward. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  The  Fortunes  of  If igel  (time,  James 
L). 

Pauli'nus  of  York  christened  10,000 
men,  besides  women  and  their  children, 
in  one  single  day  in  the  Swale.  (Al- 
together some  60,000  souls,  i.e.  104  every 
minute,  6260  every  hour,  supposing  he 
worked  eight  hours  without  Btopping.) 

When  the  Anions  first  received  tin-  Christian  faith, 
Paulina*  of  old  York,  the  zealous  bishop  then, 
]n  Swale's  Abundant  itienin  christened  ton  thoiuand  men, 
Willi  women  and  their  babes,  a  number  more  i><-  Ida, 
UiKjn  one  happy  day. 

Drayton,  rolyolbion,  xxriiL  (1622). 

Paulo,  the  cardinal,  and  brother  of 
count  Guido  Franccsehi'ni.  He  advised 
the  count  to  repair  his  bankrupt  fortune 
by  marrying  an  heiress. — R.  ISruwning, 
The  Sing  and  the  Book. 

Paupiah,  the  Hindu  steward  of  the 
British  governor    of    Madras. — Sir    W. 

Scott,  The  Surycon's  Daughter  (time, 
George  II.). 

Pausa'nias  {The  British),  William 
Camden  (1661-1628). 

Some  village  Cnmden  that  with  dauntless  breast 
The  little  tyrant!  of  the  field  withstood. 

6raj.  t'lo'jy  (1713). 

Pauvre  Jacques.  When  Marie 
Antoinette  had  her  artificial  Swiss  village 
in  the  "  Little  Trianon,"  a  Swiss  girl  was 
brought  over  to  heighten  the  illusion. 
She  was  observed  to  pine,  and  was  heard 
to  sigh  out,  pcawre  Jacques  I  This  little 
romance  pleased  the  queen,  who  sent  lor 
Jacques,  and  gave  the  pair  a  wedding 
portion;  while  the  marchioness  de  Tra- 
vunct  wrote  the  song  called  Pauvre 
Jacques,  which  created  at  the  time  quite 
a  sensation.  The  first  and  last  verses  run 
thus : 

Pmirre  Jaeqnes,  quand  fetaii  pros  da  tot 

Jo  lie  Btntail  pal  ma  i»Un-  ; 
Mais  a  prdsent  quo  m  i  li  kiln  di  mot, 

Ju  nian<|lie  ile  lout  Mir  la  lene 

Four  Jack.  whUt  I  was  nan  I"  Ihoo, 
l!io*  poor,  mi  in  i  w.l-  unalloyed ; 

But  now  thou  dweU'st  so  far  It me. 

Tlie  worhl  appaail  I  lom II  void. 

Pa'via  (Battle  of).     Francois  I.   <>f 

France  is  said  to  have  written  to  his 
mother  these  words  alter  the  loss  of  this 
battle  :    "  Madame,  tout  est   perdu   liora 


l'honneur ; "  but  what  he  really  wrote 
was:  '•  .Madame  .  .  .  de  toutea  choaes  ne 
m'est  demeure'  pas  que  L'honneur  at  la 

vie." 

And  with  a  nohle  siree  revolted  Pvrla  took. 

Drayton,  /'otyotbion,  it'll.  (1813). 

Pavilion  of  prince  Ahmed. 
This  pavilion  was  so  Bmal]  thai  it  might 
be  held  and  covered  by  the  hand,  nnd 
yet  SO   large   when    pitched    that  a   whole 

army  could  encamp  beneath  it.     It 
however,  was  elastic,  being  always  pro- 
portionate to  the  army  to  be  covered  by 
it. — Arabian  Nights  ("Ahmed  and  Pan- 
Banon  "). 

Pavilion  (Meinheer  Hermann),  the 
syndic  at  Liege  [  Le-aje"]. 

Mather  Mabel  PavuUm,  wife  of  mein- 
heer Hermann. 

Trudchen  or  Gertrude  Pavilion,  their 
daughter,  betrothed  to  Hans  Glover. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Quentin  Durward  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Pawkins  (3ft;or),  a  huge,  heavy  man, 
"one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  tiie  age." 

He  was  a  great  politician  and  great  pa- 
triot, but  generally  under  a  cloud,  wholly 
owing  to  his  distinguished  genius  for 
bold  speculations,  not  to  say  "swindling 
schemes."  His  creed  was  "to  run  a 
moist  pen  slick  through  everything,  and 
start  afresh." — C.  Dickens,  Martin  C,\uz- 
zlewit  (1844). 

Pawnbrokers'  Balls.  Every  one 
knows  that  these  balls  are  the  arms  of 
the  Medici  family,  but  it  is  not  BO  well 
known  that  they  refer  to  an  exploit  of 
Averardo  de  Medici,  a  commander  under 
Charlemagne.  This  bold  warrior  slew 
the  giant  Blugello,  whose  club  he  I 
a  trophy.  This  mace  or  club  had  three 
iron  balls,  which  the  family  adopted  aa 
their  device. — Koscoe,  Life  of  Lorento 
de'  Xedioi  (1796). 

Paynim  Harper  ( '/'•'.•  ).  referred  to 

by  Tennyson  in  the  Last  J  urn.tnu.nl, 
was  Orpheus. 

Swlnp.  p*\ts.  rami,  nnd  Keeet 
Trooj  mi  barpai  .nee,  .  . 

Then  vera  swine,  loata,  n.sM-  . 

Tie  wiser  I  ■       ■       ■  lurd 

Had    i  h  a  i 
Tliat  he  could  harp  In-  wife  up  out  of  hell 

Teiin)«on.  /'.<-  i..,H  nsssrasraaaal  (1S36). 

Peace  (Prince of),  don  Manuel  Godoy, 

born  at   lladajo/..      So   Called    in  cause  1m 

concln  led  the  "  peace  ol  Baals  "  b 

Dch  and  Spanish  nations  in  I7ii."> 
(1707-; 

Peace  (Tlui  Father  of),  Andrea  Doria 
(1463-1660). 


PEACE. 


742 


PECKSNIFF. 


Peace  (The  Perpetual),  a  peace  con- 
cluded between  England  and  Scotland, 
a  few  years  after  the  battle  of  Flodden 
Field  (January  24,  1502). 

Peace  (The  Surest  Way  to).  Fox, 
afterwards  bishop  of  Hereford,  said  to 
Henry  VIII.,  The  surest  way  to  peace  is 
a  constant  preparation  for  war.  The 
Romans  had  the  axiom,  Si  vis  pacem, 
para  helium.  It  was  said  of  Edgar,  sur- 
named  "the  Peaceful,"  king  of  England, 
that  he  preserved  peace  in  those  turbulent 
times  "by  being  always  prepared  for 
war"  (reigned  959-975). 

Peace  at  any  Price.  Me'zeray 
says  of  Louis  XII.,  that  he  had  such 
detestation  of  war,  that  he  rather  chose  to 
lose  his  duchy  of  Milan  than  burden  his 
subjects  with  a  war-tax. — Ilistoire  de 
France  (1643). 

Peace  of  Antal'cidas,  the  peace 
concluded  by  Antalcidas  the  Spartan  and 
Artaxerxes  (i?.c.  387). 

Peace  of  God,  a  peace  enforced  by 
the  clergy  on  the  barons  of  Christendom, 
to  prevent  the  perpetual  feuds  between 
baron  and  baron  (1035). 

Peace  to  the  Souls.    (See  Morna.) 

Peach'um,  a  pimp,  patron  of  a  gang 
of  thieves,  and  receiver  of  their  stolen 
goods.  His  house  is  the  resort  of  thieves, 
pickpockets,  and  villains  of  all  sorts.  He 
betrays  his  comrades  when  it  is  for  his 
own  benefit,  and  even  procures  the  arrest 
of  captain  Macheath. 

The  quarrel  between  Peachum  and  Lockitwas  an  allusion 
to  a  personal  collision  between  Walpole  and  his  colleague 
lord  Townsend. — K.  Chambers,  English  Literature,  L  571. 

Mrs.  Peachum,  wife  of  Peachum.  She 
recommends  her  daughter  Polly  to  be 
"  somewhat  nice  in  her  deviations  from 
virtue." 

Polly  Peachum,  daughter  of  Peachum. 
(See  Polly.)— J.  Gay,  The  Beggar' s  Opera 
(1727). 

Pearl.  It  is  said  that  Cleopatra 
swallowed  a  pearl  of  more  value  than  the 
whole  of  the  banquet  she  had  provided  in 
honour  of  Antony.  This  she  did  when 
she  drank  to  his  health.  The  same  sort 
of  extravagant  folly  is  told  of  TEsopus 
son  of  Clodius  iEsopus  the  actor  (Horace, 
Satire,  ii.  3). 

A  similar  act  of  vanity  and  folly  is 
ascribed  to  sir  Thomas  Gresham,  when 
queen  Elizabeth  dined  at  the  City  banquet, 
after  her  visit  to  tho  Royal  Exchange. 


Here  £15,000  at  one  clap  Roes 

Instead  of  sugar ;  Gresham  drinks  the  pearl 

Unto  his  queen  and  mistress. 

Thomas  Heywood. 

Pearson  (Captain  Gilbert),  officer  in 
attendance  on  Cromwell. — Sir  W.  Scott. 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Peasant-Bard  (The),  Robert  Bum* 
(1859-1796). 

Peasant-Painter  of  Sweden, 
Horberg.  His  chief  paintings  are  altar- 
pieces. 

The  altar-piece  painted  by  Horberg. 
Longfellow,  The  Children  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 

Peasant-Poet  of  Northampton- 
shire, John  Clare  (1793-1864). 

Peasant  of  the  Danube  (TJic), 
Louis  Legendre,  a  member  of  the  French 
National  Convention  (1755-1797)  ;  called 
in  French  Le  Paysan  du  Danube,  from  his 
"  eloquence  sauvage." 

Peasants'  War  (The),  a  revolt  of 
the  German  peasantry  in  Swabia  and 
Franconia,  and  subsequently  in  Saxony, 
Thuringia,  and  Alsace,  occasioned  by  the 
oppression  of  the  nobles  and  the  clergy 
(1500-1525). 

Peau  de  Chagrin,  a  story  by 
Balzac.  The  hero  becomes  possessed  of 
a  magical  wild  ass's  skin,  which  yields 
him  the  means  of  gratifying  every  wish  ; 
but  for  every  wish  thus  gratified  the  skin 
shrank  somewhat,  and  at  last  vanished, 
having  been  wished  entirely  away.  Life 
is  a  peau  d"ane,  for  every  vital  act 
diminishes  its  force,  and  when  all  its 
force  is  gone,  life  is  spent  (1834). 

Peck' sniff,  "  architect  and  land  sur- 
veyor," at  Salisbury.  He  talks  homilies 
even  in  drunkenness,  prates  about  the 
beauty  of  charity,  and  duty  of  forgive- 
ness, but  is  altogether  a  canting  humbug, 
and  is  ultimately  so  reduced  in  position 
that  he  becomes  "a  drunken,  begging, 
squalid,  letter-writing  man,"  out  at 
elbows,  and  almost  shoeless.  Pecksniff's 
speciality  was  the  "sleek,  smiling,  crawl- 
ing abomination  of  hypocrisy." 

If  ever  man  combined  within  himself  all  the  mild 
qualities  of  the  lamb  with  a  considerable  touch  of  tho 
dove,  and  not  a  dash  of  the  crocodile,  or  the  least  possible 
suggestion  of  the  very  mildest  seasoning  of  ttie  serpent, 
that  man  was  Mr.  Pecksniff,  "the  messenger  of  peace.1* 
— Ch.  iv. 

Charity  and  Mercy  Pecksniff,  the  two 
daughters  of  the  "  architect  and  land 
surveyor."  Charity  is  thin,  ill-natured, 
and  a  shrew,  eventually  jilted  by  a  weak 
young  man,  who  really  loves  her  sister. 
Mercy  Pecksniff,  usually  called  "Merry,'' 


PEDANT. 


743     PEEPING  TOM  OF  COVENTRY. 


is  pretty  and  true-hearted:  though  flippant 
and  foolish  as  a  girl,  she  becomes  greatly 
toned  down  by  the  troubles  of  her  married 
life.— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit 
(1843). 

Pedant,  an  old  fellow  set  up  to  per- 
BonateYincentio  in  Shakespeare's  comedy 
nailed  The  Taming  of  the  iihrew  (1695). 

Pedre  (Don),  a  Sicilian  nobleman, 
•who  has  a  Greek  slave  of  great  beauty, 
named  Isidore  (3  syl.).  This  slave  is 
loved  by  Adraste  (2  s;/L),  a  French 
gentleman,  who  gains  access  to  the  house 
under  tho  guise  of  a  portrait-painter. 
He  next  sends  his  slave  /.aide  to  com- 
plain to  the  Sicilian  of  ill-treatment,  and 
don  Pedre  volunteers  to  intercede  on  her 
behalf.  At  this  moment  Adraste  comes 
up,  and  demands  that  Zaide  be  given  up 
to  deserved  chastisement.  Pedre  pleads 
for  her,  Adraste  appears  to  be  pacified, 
and  Pedre  calls  for  Zaide  to  come  forth. 
Isidore,  in  the  veil  of  Zaide,  comes  out, 
and  Pedresays,  "There,  take  her  home, 
and  use  her  well."  "  I  will  do  so,"  says 
Adraste,  and  leads  off  the  Greek  slave.— 
Moliere,  Lc  Sicilicn  ou  D Amour  Peintre 
(16f,7). 

Pedrillo,  the  tutor  of  don  Juan. 
After  the  shipwreck,  the  men  in  the  boat, 
being  wholly  without  provisions,  cast  lots 
to  know  which  should  be  killed  as  fond 
for  the  rest,  and  the  lot  fell  on  Pedrillo, 
but  those  who  feasted  on  him  most 
ravenously  went  mad. 

His  tutor,  the  licentiate  Pedrillo, 
Wlio  several  languages  did  understand. 

Byron,  Dun  Junn,  ii.  'JO;  see  76  T'J  (1819). 

Pe'dro,  "the  pilgrim,"  a  noble  gentle- 
man, servant  to  Alinda  (daughter  of  lord 
Alphonso). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Pilgrim  (1621). 

Pedro  (Dun),  prince  of  Aiagon.— 
Bhakespeare,  Much  Ado  almit  Nothing 
(1600). 

Pedro  Won),  father  of  Leonora.— R. 
Jephson,  Two  Strings  to  your  Bow  (1792). 

Pedro  (Don),  a  Portuguese  nobleman, 
father  of  donna  Violante. — Mrs.  Cent- 
ime, The  Wonder  (171 1). 

Pedro  (Dr.),  whose  full  name  was  Dr. 
Pedro  Rezio  de  Aguero,  court  physician 
in  the  island  of  Baratana.  He  carried  a 
whalebone  rod  in  his  hand,  and  whenever 
any  dish  of  food  was  Bet  before  Sancho 
Panza  the  governor,  he  touched  it.  with 
his  wand,  that  it  might  be  instantly  re- 
moved, as  unfit  for  the  governor  to  eat. 


Partridges  were  "forbidden  by  Hippo*'- 
olla   podridas   w<  '    per- 

nicious,"  rabbits  were   "a  sharp-haired 

diet,"  veal  might  not  be  touched,  but  "a 

few  wafers  and  a  thin  slice  or  two  of 
quince"  might  not  be  harmful. 

The  Governor,  being  served  with  w>nie  beef  hashed  with 
onions, .  .  .  r.-ll  to  witii  man  aridity  than  if  ha  I 
s.1  down  t>>  Milan  godwits,  Bom*  ^rrrnto 

real,  Moron  partridgee,  or  •  Jo*S  and 

turning  to  Or.  Pedro,  be  laid,  "  Look  you,  riftooi  d.«ti>r. 
I  rant  no  dainties,  ...  for  I  have  been  alwaj 
beef,  bacon,  i«'rk,  turnips,  and  onions." — CerviuiUTs  Don 
QiatsoMi  II.  iii.  10,  12(liU5). 

Peebles  (Peter),  the  pauper  litigant. 

lie  is  vain,  litigious,  hard-hearted,  and 
credulous;  a  liar,  a  drunkard,  andapauper. 
1  lis  "ganging  plea"  is  Hogarthian  comic. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Peecher  (Miss),  a  schoolmistress,  in 
the  flat  country  where  Kent  and  Surrey 
meet.  "Small.  Bhining,  neat,  methodical, 
and  buxom  was  Miss  Peecher;  cherry- 
cheeked  and  tuneful  of  voir,'.  A  little 
pincushion,  a  little  bussif,  a  little  book, 
B  little  work-box,  a  little  set  of  tables  and 

and  measures,  and  a  little  woman, 
all  in  one.     She  could  write  a  little  essay 

OH  any  subject  exactly  a  slate   long,  and 

strictly  according  to  rule.  If  Mr.  Bradley 
Headstone  had  proposed  marriage  to  her. 

she  would  certainly  have  replied 

for  she  loved  him;"  but  Mr.  Headstone 

did  not  love  Miss  Peecher— he  loved  Lizzie 

Hexam,  and  had  no  love  to  spare  for  any 

other  woman.— C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual 
Friend,  ii.  1  (1864). 

Peel -the -Causeway  (Old),  a 
smuggler. — Sir    W.    Scott,    Bedgauntlet 

(time,  George  III.). 

Peeler  (Sir),  any  crop  which  greatly 
impoverishes   the  ground.      To  pee*  is  to 

impoverish  soil,  as  "oats,  rye,  barley, 
aud  grey  w beat,"  but  not  peas (xxxiii. 51). 

doth  no)  well. 
Nor  aft.  r  'lr  Peel  r  be  1. ■> .-t ti  t"  .Iwell. 

T.  Tnanr,  Ft—  llu;.lrr,l  I'oifiU  n/  0004 
lliuUindry.  x. iii.  IS  UM7). 

Peelers,  the  constabulary  of  Ireland, 
appointed  under  the  Peace  Preservation 
Act  of  1814,  proposed  by  sir  Robert  Peel. 
The  name  was  subsequently  given  to  tho 

new  police  of  England,  Who  are  also  called 

"  Hobbies"  from  »ir  Robert  Peel. 

Peep-o'-Day    Boys,    ln-h    inaor 
i  178 I,  who  prow  led  about  at  day- 
break, searching  for  arms. 

Peeping  Tom  of  Coventry. 
Lady  Godiva  earnestly  besought  her  hus- 
band  (Leofric  earl  of   Mcrcia)  to  relieve 


PEERAGE  OF  THE  SAINTS. 


7U 


PEGGOTTY. 


the  men  of  Coventry  of  their  grievous 
oppressions.  Leofric,  annoyed  at  her  im- 
portunity, told  her  he  would  do  so  when 
she  had  ridden  on  horseback,  naked, 
through  the  town.  The  countess  took  him 
at  his  word,  rode  naked  through  the  town, 
and  Leofric  was  obliged  to  grant  the  men 
of  Coventry  a  charter  of  freedom. — 
Dugdale. 

Rapin  says  that  the  countess  com- 
manded all  persons  to  keep  within  doors 
and  away  from  windows  during  her  ride. 
One  man,  named  Tom  of  Coventry,  took  a 

feep  of  the  lady  on  horseback,  but  it  cost 
im  his  life. 

%*  Tennyson,  in  his  Godiva,  has  re- 
produced this  story. 

Peerage  of  the  Saints.  In  the 
preamble  of  the  statutes  instituting  the 
Order  of  St.  Michael,  founded  by  Louis 
XI.  in  1469,  the  archangel  is  styled  "  my 
lord,"  and  created  a  knight.  The  apostles 
had  been  already  ennobled  and  knighted. 
We  read  of  "the  earl  Peter,"  "count 
Paul,"  "the  baron  Stephen,"  and  soon. 
Thus,  in  the  introduction  of  a  sermon 
upon  St.  Stephen's  Day,  we  have  these 
lines : 

Entendes  toutes  a  chest  sermon, 
Et  clair  et  tai  tules  environ  ; 


The  apostles  were  gentlemen  of  blourte,  and  manye  of 
(hem  descended  from  that  worthy  conqueror  Judas  Mac- 
fcabSus,  though,  through  the  tract  of  time  and  persecu- 
tion of  wars,  poverty  oppressed  the  kindred,  and  they 
were  constrayned  to  serrile  works.  Christ  was  also  a 
gentleman  on  the  mother's  side,  and  might,  if  He  had 
esteemed  of  the  vayne  glorye  of  this  world,  have  borno 
coat  armour. — The  Blazon  of  (ientrie  (quarto). 

Peerce  (1  syl.),  a  generic  name  for  a 
farmer  or  ploughman.  Piers  the  plow- 
man is  the  name  assumed  by  Robert  or 
William  Langland,  in  a  historico-satirical 
poem  so  called. 

And  yet.  my  priests,  pray  you  to  God  for  Peerce  .  .  . 
And  if  you  have  a  "  pater  noster  "  spare, 
Then  shal  you  pray  for  saylers. 

G.  Gascoigne,  The  Steele  Glat  (died  1577). 

Peery  (Paul),  landlord  of  the  Ship, 
Dover. 

Mrs.  Peery,  Paul's  wife. — G.  Colman, 
Ways  and  Means  (1788). 

Peerybingle  (John),  a  carrier, 
"lumbering,  slow,  and  honest;  heavy, 
but  light  of  spirit ;  rough  upon  the  sur- 
face, but  gentle  at  the  core;  didl  without, 
but  quick  within  ;  stolid,  but  so  good. 
O  mother  Nature,  give  thy  children 
the  true  poetry  of  heart  that  hid  itself  in 
this  poor  carrier's  breast,  and  we  can  bear 
to  have  them  talking  prose  all  their  life 
long  !  " 

Mrs.  [J/a#\y]  Peerybingle,  called  by  her   | 


husband  "  Dot."  She  was  a  little  chubbj , 
cheery,  young  wife,  very  fond  of  her 
husband,  and  very  proud  of  her  baby  ; 
a  good  housewife,  who  delighted  in 
making  the  house  snug  and  cozy  for 
John,  when  he  came  home  after  his  day's 
work.  She  called  him  "  a  dear  old 
darling  of  a  dunce,"  or  "  her  little 
goosie."  She  sheltered  Edward  Plummet 
in  her  cottage  for  a  time,  and  got  into 
trouble ;  but  the  marriage  of  Edward 
with  May  Fielding  cleared  up  the  mystery, 
and  John  loved  his  little  Dot  more  fondly 
than  ever. — C.  Dickens,  The  Cricket  on 
the  Hearth  (1845). 

Peg.  Drink  to  your  peg.  King  Edgar 
ordered  that  "  pegs  should  be  fastened 
into  drinking-horns  at  stated  distances, 
and  whoever  drank  beyond  his  peg  at  one 
draught  should  be  obnoxious  to  a  severe 
punishment." 

I  had  lately  a  peg-tankard  in  my  hand.  It  had  on  the 
Inside  a  row  of  eight  pins,  one  above  another,  from  bottom 
to  top.  It  held  two  quarts,  so  that  there  was  a  gill  of 
liquor  between  peg  and  peg.  Whoever  drank  short  of  his 
pin  or  beyond  it.  was  obliged  to  drink  to  the  next,  and  so 
on  till  the  tankard  was  drained  to  the  bottom. — Sharpe, 
Utitory  of  the  Kingt  of  England. 

Peg-a-Ramsey,  the  heroine  of  an 
old  song.  Percy  says  it  was  an  indecent 
ballad.  Shakespeare  alludes  to  it  in  his 
Twelfth  Night,  act  ii.  sc.  3  (1G14). 

James  I.  had  been  much  struck  with  the  beauty  and 
embarrassment  of  the  pretty  Peg-a-Kamsey,  as  he  called 
her.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Peg'asus,  the  winged  horse  of  the 
Muses.  It  was  caught  by  Bellerophon, 
who  mounted  thereon,  and  destroyed  the 
Chimaara ;  but  when  he  attempted  to 
ascend  to  heaven,  he  was  thrown  from 
the  horse,  and  Pegasus  mounted  alone  to 
the  skies,  where  it  became  the  constella- 
tion of  the  same  name. 

To  break  Pegasus' 's  neck,  to  write  halting 
poetry. 

Some,  free  from  rhyme  or  reason,  rule  or  check. 
Break  Priscian's  head,  and  Pegasus's  neck. 

Pope,  The  Dunciad,  iii.  1G1  (1738). 

***  To  "break  Priscian's  head"  is  to 
write  bad  grammar.  Priscian  was  a  great 
grammarian  of  the  fifth  century. 

Pegg  (Katharine),  one  of  the  mistresses 
of  Charles  II.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
Thomas  Pegg,  Esq.,  of  Yeldersey,  in 
Derbyshire. 

Peggot'ty  (Clara),  servant-girl  of 
Mrs.  Copperfield,  and  the  faithful  old 
nurse  of  David  Copperfield.  Her  name 
"Clara"  was  tabooed,  because  it  was 
the  name  of  Mrs.  Copperfield.  Clara 
Peggotty  married  Barkis  the  carrier. 

Being    very    plump,    whenever    she   made    any    little 


PEGGT. 


145 


PELLEA8. 


exertion  niter  she  wv  dressed,  aomo  of  the  buttons  on  the 
bock  of  her  gown  flew  off'. — Ch.  ii. 

Dan'el  Peggotty,  brother  of  David 
Copperfield's  nurse,  Dan'el  was  a  Yar- 
mouth fisherman.  His  nephew  Ham 
Peggotty,  •■mil  his  brother-in-law's  child 

"little  Em'ly,"  lived  with  him.  Dan'el 
himself  was  a  bachelor,  and  a  Mrs.  Gum- 
midge  (widow  of  his  bite  partner)  kept 
house  for  him.  Dan'el  Peggotty  was  most 
tender-hearted,  and  loved  little  Em'ly 
with  all  his  heart. 

Ham  Peggotty,  nephew  of  Dan'el  Peg- 

fotty  of  Yarmouth,  and  son  of  Joe, 
tan  el's  brother.  Ham  was  in  love  with 
little  Em'ly,  daughter  of  Tom  (Dan's 
brother-in-law)  ;  but  Steerforth  stepped 
in  between  them,  and  stole  Em'ly  away. 
Ham  Peggotty  is  represented  as  the  very 
beau-ideal  of  an  uneducated,  simple- 
minded,  honest,  and  warm-hearted  fisher- 
man. He  was  drowned  in  his  attempt  to 
rescue  Steerforth  from  the  sea. 

Em'ly  Peggotty,  daughter  of  Dan's 
brother-in-law  Tom.  She  was  engaged 
to  Ham  Peggotty;  but  being  fascinated 
with  Steerforth,  ran  off  with  him.     She 

was  afterwards  reclaii 1,  and  emigrated 

to  Australia  with  Dan'el  and  Mrs.  Gum- 
midge. — C.  Dickens,  David  Coppcrficld 
(1849). 

Peggy,  grandchild  of  the  old  widow 
Maclure  a  covenanter.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Peggy,  the  laundry-maid  of  colonel 
Mannering  at  Woodburne. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
<Ju>j  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Peggy  [Thrift],  the  orphan  daugh- 
ter of  sir  Thomas  Thrift  of  Hampshire, 

and  the  ward  of  Moody,  who  brings  her 
Up  in  perfect  seclusion  in  the  country. 
When  Moody  is  60  and  Peggy  L9,  the 
guardian  tries  to  marry  her;  but  "the 
country  girl"  outwits  him,  and  marries 
Belvilfe,  a  young  man  of  more  suitable 
age.  Peggy  calls  her  guardian  "  Hud.'' 
She  is  very  simple  but  sharp,  ingenuous 
but  crafty,  lively  and  girlish.  —  The 
Country     Girl     ((iarrick,     altered     from 

Wycherly's  Country  Wife,  1675). 

Mrs.  Jordan  [1781  1816]  made  bar  tint  appaaranoe  In 

London  it  l»mry    Lane  In   1785.     The   cfiaracte    she 

wae  "Pony."  dot    ui  '■     vai  hnmitdlate,  baf 

mlurj doubled,  and  she  wai  allowed  two  benaSta — W.  <J. 

Russell,  /{a/tresentatit'e  Actor*. 

Pegler  (Mrs.),  mother  of  .Tosiah 
Bounaerby,  Esq.,  banker  and  mill-owner, 
called  "The  Bully  of  Humility."  The 
son  allows  the  old  woman  £80  a  year  to 
keep  out  of  sight. — C.  Dickens,  Hard 
Tones  (1854). 
32 


Pek'uah,  the  attendant  of  pr 
Nekayah,  of  the  "  happy  valley."    She 
accompanied  the  princess  in  her  ws 
Logs,    but    refused    to    enter    the 

pyramid,    and,    while    the    prino 

exploring  the  chambers,  was  carrii 

by  some  Arabs.  She  was  afterwards 
ransomed  for  200  ounces  of  gold. — Dr. 
Johnson,  Basselas  (1769). 

Pelay'o  (Prince),  son  of  Favil'a, 
founder  of  the  Spanish  monarchy 
the  overthrow  of  Roderick  last  of  the 
Gothic  kings.  Ho  united,  in  his  own 
penon,  the  royal  lines  of  Spain  and  of 
the  Goths. 

In  him  the  old  Ib?rlan  blood. 
Of  royal  ami  remotest  ancestry 
From  undisputed  source,  flowed  undented  .  .  . 
He,  too.  of  Chindnsuintho's  rags]  Una 
Sole  remnant  now,  drew  after  him  the  lore 
Of  all  true  Goths. 

Southey,  RederUk,  etc,  lilt  (1814). 

Pelham,  the  hero  of  a  novel  by  lord 
Lytton,  entitled  Pelham  or  The  Adven- 
tures of  a  Gentleman  ( l  - 

Pelham  (.'/.),  one  of  the  many 
of  sir  K.  Phillips,  under  which  he  pub- 
lished The  Pan  nt's  and  Tutor's  First 
Catechism,  In  the  preface  lie  calls  the 
writer  authoress.  Some  of  his 
names  are  Rev.  David  Blair,  Rev.  I '.  I  . 
Clarke,  Kev.  J.  Goldsmith. 

PeTian   Spear  (The),  the  lance  of 
Achilles  which  wounded  and  cure  : 
lephos.     So  called  from  I'eleus  the  I 
of  Achilles. 

Such  was  the  cure  the  Arcadian  hero  found— 
The  Pelian  spear  that  wounded,  made  him  sound. 
Ovid.  Kenedy  of  Love. 

Peli'des    (3    syl.),    Achilles,    son    of 
Pclcus    ('2    syl.),    chief    of    the 
warriors  at  the  siege  of  Troy. — Homer, 
Iliad. 

Whan,  liko  Pclidcs.  bold  beyond  control. 
Homer  raUsl  high  to  I  • 

Bcatlle,  Tl\e  Minttrei  (177S-4)l 

Pe'lion  ("  mud-sprung "),  one  of  the 

frog  chieftains. 

A  J|*'ar  at  Pellon,  Tr 

Tiio  mtaatve  ■pear  within  the  Utaom  past 
Death's  sable  thiules  the  fainting  in*  surround. 
And  Ufe'l  red  tide  run.  ebbl  i  "L 

ramell.  Bottle  o/  ike  fVoo*  and  Jflee,  in.  [about  lnt) 

Pell  (Solomon),  an  attorney  in  the 
Insolvent    Debtors   court.     He  h 

very  highest  opinions  of  his  own  merits, 
and  by  his  aid  Tony  Wcller  contrives  to 
get  his  son  Sam  Bent  to  the  Fleet  for  debt, 
that     he    may    be    near    Mr.    Pickwick    to 

protect  and  wait  upon  him. — C.  Dickens, 
Pollcaa  (Fir),  lord  of  many  isles,  and 


PELLEGRIN. 


74« 


PEN. 


noted  for  his  great  muscular  strength. 
He  fell  in  love  with  lady  Ettard,  but  the 
lady  did  not  return  his  love.  Sir  Gaw'ain 
promised  to  advocate  his  cause  with  the 
lady,  but  played  him  false.  Sir  Pelleas 
caught  them  in  unseemly  dalliance  with 
each  other,  but  forbore  to  kill  them. 
By  the  power  of  enchantment,  the  lady 
was  made  to  dote  on  sir  Pelleas  ;  but  the 
knight  would  have  nothing  to  say  to  her, 
bo  she  pined  and  died.  After  the  lady 
Ettard  played  him  false,  the  Damsel  of 
the  Lake  "rejoiced  him,  and  they  loved 
together  during  their  whole  lives." — Sir 
T.  Malorv,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i. 
70-82  (14*70). 

%*  Sir  Pelleas  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  6ir  Pelles  (q.v.). 

Pellegrin,  the  pseudonym  of  Lemotte 
Fouque  (1777-1843). 

Pelles  (Sir),  of  Corbin  Castle,  "king 
of  the  foragn  land  and  nigh  cousin  of 
Joseph  of  Arimathy."  He  was  father  of 
sir  Eliazar,  and  of  the  lady  Elaine  who 
fell  in  love  with  sir  Launcelot,  by  whom 
she  became  the  mother  of  sir  Galahad 
"who  achieved  the  quest  of  the  holy 
graal."  This  Elaine  was  not  the  "lily 
maid  of  Astolat." 

While  sir  Launcelot  was  visiting  king 
Pelles,  a  glimpse  of  the  holy  graal  was 
vouchsafed  them  : 

For  when  they  went  into  the  castle  to  tike  their  re- 

Sast  .  .  .  there  came  a  dove  to  the  wimlnw,  and  In  her 
ill  was  a  little  censer  of  gold,  and  there  withall  was  such 
a  savour  as  though  all  the  spicery  of  the  world  had  been 
there  .  .  .  and  a  damsel,  passing  fair,  bare  a  vessel  of  gold 
between  her  hands,  and  thereto  the  king  kneeled  de- 
voutly and  said  his  prayers.  ...  "Oh  mercy!"  Bald  sir 
Launcelot,  "what  may  this  mean?"  .  .  .  "This,"  said 
the  king,  "  Is  the  holy  Sanegreall  which  ye  have  seen." — 
BirT.  Malory,  History  of  J'rince  Arthur,  iil.  2  (1470). 

Pellinore  (Sir),  king  of  the  Isles 
and  knight  of  the  Round  Table  (pt.  i.  57). 
lie  was  a  good  man  of  power,  was  called 
"  The  Knight  with  the  Stranger  Beast," 
and  slew  king  Lot  of  Orkeney,  but  was 
himself  slain  ten  years  afterwards  by  sir 
Gawaine  one  of  Lot's  sons  (pt.  i.  35). 
Sir  Pellinore  (3  syl.)  had,  by  the  wife  of 
Aries  the  cowherd,  a  son  named  sir  Tor, 
who  was  the  first  knight  of  the  Round 
Table  created  by  king  Arthur  (pt.  i.  47, 
48) ;  one  daughter,  Elein,  by  the  Lady  of 
Rule  (pt.  iii.  10) ;  and  three  sons  in  lawful 
wedlock  :  sir  Aglouale  (sometimes  called 
Aglavale,  probably  a  clerical  error),  sir 
Lamorakel  lornar  (also  called  sir  Lamorake 
de  Galis),  and  sir  l'ercivale  de  Galls  (pt.  ii. 
108).  The  widow  succeeded  to  the  throne 
•'pt.  iii.  10). — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur  (1470). 


Milton  calls  the  name  "  Pellenore  "  {2 
syl.). 

Fair  damseR  met  in  forests  wide 
By  knights  of  Logres  or  of  Lyones, 
Lancelot,  or  Pelleas,  or  Pellenore. 

Milton. 

Pelob'ates  (4  syl.),  one  of  the  frog 
champions.  The  word  means  "  mud- 
wader."  In  the  battle  he  flings  a  heap 
of  mud  against  Psycarpax  the  Hectoi 
of  the  mice,  and  half  blinds  him ;  but 
the  warrior  mouse  heaves  a  stone  "whose 
bulk  would  need  ten  degenerate  mice  of 
modern  days  to  lift,"  and  the  mass,  falling 
on  the  "mud-wader,"  breaks  his  leg. — 
Parnell,  Battle  of  the  Frogs  and  Mice,  iii. 
(about  1712). 

Pel'ops'  Shoulder,  ivory.  The 
tale  is  that  Demcter  ate  the  shoulder  of 
Pelops  when  it  was  served  up  by  Tan'- 
talos  for  food.  The  gods  restored  Pelops 
to  life  by  putting  the  dismembered  body 
into  a  caldron,  but  found  that  it  lacked 
a  shoulder ;  whereupon  Demeter  sup- 
plied him  with  an  ivory  shoulder,  and 
all  his  descendants  bore  this  distinctive 
mark. 

N.B. — It  will  be  remembered  that 
Pythag'oras  had  a  golden  thigh. 

Your  forehead  high. 

And  smooth  as  Pelops'  shoulder. 

John  Fletcher,  Th*  faithful  Shepherdett,  11. 1  (1610). 

Pelo'rus,  Sicily ;  strictly  speaking, 
the  north-east  promontory  of  that  island, 
called  Capo  di  Fero,  from  a  pharos  of 
lighthouse  to  Poseidon,  which  onc» 
stood  there. 

So  reels  Pelo'rus  with  convulsive  throes 
When  in  his  veins  the  burning  earthquake  glows; 
Hoarse  thro'  his  entrails  roars  th'  Infernal  name. 
And  central  thunders  rend  his  groaning  frame. 

Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  i*  4  (1796). 

Pelos,  father  of  Physigna'thos  king 
of  the  frogs.  The  word  means  "  mud. ' 
— Parnell,  Battle  of  the  Frogs  and  Mice 
(about  1712). 

Pembroke  (The  earl  of),  uncle  to 
sir  Aymer  de  Valence. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Castle  Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Pembroke  (The  Rev.  Mr.),  chaplain  at 
Waverley  Honour.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wa~ 
verley  (time,  George  II.). 

Pen,  Philemon  Holland,  translator- 
general  of  the  classics.     Of  him  was  kh* 

epigram  written : 

Holland,  with  his  translations  doth  so  fill  ua, 
He  will  not  let  Suetoniut  be  Trarujuiliu*. 

(The  point  of  which  is,  of  course,  that 
the  name  of  the  Roman  historian  was 
C.  Suetonius  Tranquillus.) 

Bia*y  of  these  translations  were  written 


PENDENNIS. 


747 


PENLAKE. 


from  beginning  to  end  with  one  pen,  and 
hence  he  himself  wrote  : 

With  mie  <.>!.•  pen  1  writ  tills  book. 

Hade  of  a  gray  g qnlll ; 

A  pea  it  «nu  when  it  l  t"..k, 

Ana  it  | < c 1 1  1  leave  it  at  ill . 

Pendeimis  (Arthur),  pseudonym  of 
W.  M.  Thackeray  in  The  Newcomes 
(1864). 

Pendennis,  a  novel  by  Thackeray 
(1849),  in  which  much  of  his  own  history 
and  experience  is  recorded  with  a  nove- 
list's licence.  Pendennis  stands  in  relation 
to  Thackeray  as  David  Copperfield  does  to 
Charles  Dickens. 

Arthur  Pendennis,  a  young  man  of 
ardent  feelings  and  lively  intellect,  hut 
self-conceited  and  selfish.  lie  has  a 
keen  sense  of  honour,  and  a  capacity  for 
Loving,  but  altogether  he  is  not  an  at- 
tractive character. 

Laura  Pendennis.  This  is  one  of  the 
best  of  Thackeray's  characters. 

Major  Pendennis,  a  tuft-hunter,  who 
fawns  on  his  patrons  for  the  sake  of 
wedging  himself  into  their  society. — 
History  of  Pendennis,  published  origin- 
ally in  monthly  parts,  beginning  18  19. 

Pendrag'on,  probably  a  title  mean- 
ing "  chief  leader  in  war."  Dragon  is 
Welsh  for  a  "  leader  in  war,"  and  pen  for 
•'  head  "  or  "  chief."  The  title  was  given 
to  Uther,  brother  of  Constans,  and  father 
of  prince  Arthur.  Like  the  word  "  Pha- 
raoh," it  is  used  as  a  proper  name  with- 
out the  article. — Geoffrey  of  Monmouth, 
Chron.,  vi.  (1142). 

Onre  I  read, 
That  stout  Pendragon  in  his  Utter,  sick. 
Chine  to  the  field,  and  vanquished  nil  foes. 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  VI.  act  iii.  sc.  2  (1539). 

Penel'ope's  Web,  a  work  that 
never  progresses.  Penelope,  the  wife  of 
Ulysses,  being  importunatcd  by  several 
suitors  during  her  husband's  long  ab- 
sence, made  reply  that  she  could  not 
marry  again,  even  if  Ulysses  were  dead, 
till  she  had  finished  weaving  a  shroud 
for  her  aged  father-in-law.  Every  night 
she  palled  out  what  she  had  woven 
during  the  day,  and  thus  the  shroud 
made  no  progress  towards  completion. — 
Greek  Mythology. 

The  French  say  of  a  work  "never 
ending,  still  beginning,"  e'est  I'ourrage  dc 
Pe'ne'lope. 

Penel'ophon,  the  beggar  loved  by 
king   Oophetua.     Shakespeare   calls   the 
name     Zenelophon     in     Love's     1 
Lost,  act  iv.  sc.  1    (1504). — 1'crey,    Be- 
Vqyes,  I.  ii.  G  (17G5). 


Penelva  (The  Exploits  and  Advcn- 
tures  of),  part  of  the  series  called  L* 
Roman  des  Romans,  pertaining  to  "  Am'- 
adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  was  added  by 
an  anonymous  Portuguese  (fifteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Penfeather    (Lady    Penelope),    the 

lady  patroness  at  the  Spa. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
St.  Eonan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Pengwern  (The    Torch  ofV,  prince 

Gwcnwvn  of  Powvs-land. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Pengwinioil  (Mr.),  from  Cornwall  ; 
a  Jacobite  conspirator  with  Mr.  Red- 
gauntlet. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Peninsular  War  f2fa),  the  war 
carried  on  by  sir  Arthur  Wellesley 
against  Napoleon  in  Portugal  and  Spain 
(1808-  L814). 

Southev  wrote  a  History  of  the  Penin- 
sular War  (1S'.'l>-32). 

Penitents  of  Love  (Fraternity  of 
the),  an  institution  established  in  Languc- 
doc  in  the  thirteenth  century,  consisting 
of  knights  and  esquires,  dames  and 
damsels,  whose  object  was  to  prove  the 
excess  of  their  love  by  bearing,  with 
invincible  constancy,  the  extremes  of 
heat  and  cold.  They  passed  the  greater 
part  of  the  day  abroad,  wandering  about 
from  castle  to  castle,  wherever  they  were 
summoned  by  the  inviolable  duties  of 
love  and  gallantry  ;  so  that  many  of  these 
devotees  perished  by  the  inclemency  of 
the  weather,  and  received  the  crown  of 
martyrdom  to  their  profession. — Sec 
Warton,  History  of  English  Poetry 
(1781). 

Penlake  (Richard),  a  cheerful  mat  , 
both  frank  and  free,  but  married  to 
Rebecca  a  terrible  shrew.  I; 
knew  if  she  once  sat  in  St.  Michael's 
chair  (on  St.  Michael's  Mount,  in  Corn- 
wall), that  she  would  rule  her  husband 
ever  after;  so  she  was  very  desil 
going  to  the  mount.  It  so  happened  that 
Richard  fell  sick,  ami  both  vowed  to 
give  six  marks  to  St.  Michael  if  he  re- 
covered. Richard  did  recover,  and  they 
visited  the  shrine;  but  while  Richard 
was  making  the  offering,  Rebecca  ran  to 
seat  herself  in  St.  Michael's  chair ;  but 
no  sooner  had  she  done  so,  than  she  fell 
from  the  chair,  and  was  killed  in  the 
fall. — Southev,  St.  Michael's  Chair  (a 
ballad,  1798). 


PENNILESS. 


748 


PEONIA. 


Penniless  (The),  Maximilian  I. 
emperor  of  Germany  (1459,  1493-1519). 

Penny  (Jock),  a  highwayman. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George 
tl.). 

Penruddoek  (Roderick),  a.  "philo- 
sopher," or  rather  a  recluse,  who  spent 
|his  time  in  reading.  By  nature  gentle, 
kind-hearted,  and  generous,  but  soured 
toy  wrongs.  Woodville,  his  trusted 
friend,  although  he  knew  that  Arabella 
was  betrothed  to  Roderick,  induced  her 
father  to  give  his  daughter  to  himself, 
the  richer  man  ;  and  Roderick's  life  was 
blasted.  Woodville  had  a  son,  who  re- 
duced himself  to  positive  indigence  by 
gambling,  and  sir  George  Penruddoek 
was  the  chief  creditor.  Sir  George  dying, 
all  his  property  came  to  his  cousin  Rode- 
rick, Who  now  had  ample  means  to  glut 
his  revenge  on  his  treacherous  friend ;  but 
his  heart  softened.  First,  he  settled  all 
"  the  obligations,  bonds,  and  mortgages, 
covering  the  whole  Woodville  property," 
on  Henry  Woodville,  that  he  might  marry 
Emily  Tempest ;  and  next,  he  restored  to 
Mrs.  Woodville  "her  settlement,  which, 
in  her  husband's  desperate  necessity,  she 
had  resigned  to  him  ;  "  lastly,  he  sold 
all  his  own  estates,  and  retired  again  to 
a  country  cottage  to  his  books  and  soli- 
tude.— Cumberland,  The  Wheel  of  Fortune 
(1779). 

Who  has  seen  .1.  Kemble  (1757-182:!]  In  "  Penrud- 
doek." and  not  shed  tears  from  the  deepest  sources  5  His 
tenderly  patting  away  the  son  of  his  treacherous  friend. 
.  .  .  examining  his  countenance,  and  then  exclaiming,  in 
S  voice  which  developed  a  thousand  mysterious  feelings, 
"You  are  very  like  your  mother  ;  "  was  sufficient  to  stamp 
his  excellence  hi  the  pathetic  line  of  acting. — Mrs.  K. 
Trench,  Remain!  (1822). 

Pentap'olin,  "with  the  naked  arm," 
king  of  the  Garaman'teans,  who  always 
went  to  battle  with  his  right  arm  bare. 
Alifanfaron  emperor  of  Trap'oban  wished 
to  marry  his  daughter,  but,  being  re- 
fused, resolved  to  urge  his  suit  by  the 
sword.  When  don  Quixote  saw  two 
flocks  of  sheep  coming  along  the  road 
in  opposite  directions,  he  told  Sancho 
Panza  they  were  the  armies  of  these  two 
puissant  monarchs  met  in  array  against 
each  other. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I. 
iii.  4  (1605). 

Pentecote  Vivante  (La),  cardinal 
Mezzofanti,  who  was  the  majter  of  fifty 
or  fifty-eight  languages  (1774-1849). 

Penthe'a,  sister  of  Ith'ocles,  be- 
trothed to  Ur'gilus  by  the  consent  of  her 
father.  At  the  death  of  her  father, 
IthoclCs  compelled  her  to  marry  Bass'- 


anes  whom  she  hated,  and  she  starred 
herself  to  death. — John  Ford,  The  Broken 
Heart  (1633). 

Penthesile'a,  queen  of  the  Amazons, 
slain  by  Achilles.  S.  Butler  calls  the 
name  "  Penthes'ile." 

And  laid  about  in  fight  more  busily 
Than  th'  Amazonian  dame  Penthesile. 

S.  Butler,  Hudibrtu. 

Pen'theus  (3  s;/l.),  a  king  of  Thebes, 
who  tried  to  abolish  the  orgies  of 
Bacchus,  but  was  driven  mad  by  tha 
offended  god.  In  his  madness  he  climbed 
into  a  tree  to  witness  the  rites,  and  being 
descried  was  torn  to  pieces  by  the  Bac- 
chantes. 

As  when  wild  Pentheus,  grown  mad  with  fear. 

Whole  troops  of  hellish  hags  about  him  spies. 

Giles  Fletcher,  ChrUt'i  Triumph  over  Death  (1610). 

Pen'theus  (2  ml.),  king  of  Thebes, 
resisted  the  introduction  of  the  worship 
of  Dyoni'sos  (Bacchus)  into  his  kingdom, 
in  consequence  of  which  the  Bacchantes 
pulled  his  palace  to  the  ground,  and 
Pentheus,  driven  from  the  throne,  was  torn 
to  pieces  on  mount  Cithaeron  by  his  own 
mother  and  her  two  sisters. 

He  the  fate  [may  ling] 
Of  sober  Pentheus. 

Akenside.  Hymn  to  the  NaloAt  (1767). 

Pentweazel  (Alderman),  a  rich  City 
merchant  of  Blowbladder  Street.  He  is 
wholly  submissive  to  his  wife,  whom  he 
always  addresses  as  "  Chuck." 

Mrs.  Pentweazel,  the  alderman's  wife, 
very  ignorant,  very  vain,  and  very  con- 
ceitedly humble.  She  was  a  Griskin  by 
birth,  and  "  all  her  family  by  the 
mother's  side  were  famous  for  their 
eyes."  She  had  an  aunt  among  .  the 
beauties  of  Windsor,  "a  perdigious  fin« 
woman.  She  had  but  one  eye,  but  that 
was  a  piercer,  and  got  her  three  husband3. 
We  was  called  the  gimlet  family."  Mrs. 
Pentweazel  says  her  first  likeness  was 
done  after  "  Venus  de  Medicis  the  sister 
of  Mary  de  Medicis." 

Sukcy  Pentweazel,  daughter  of  the 
alderman,  recently  married  to  Mr.  Deputy 
Dripping  of  Candlewick  Yard. 

Carel  Pentweazel,  a  schoolboy,  who  hsd 
been  under  Dr.  Jerks,  near  Doncaster,  for 
two  years  and  a  quarter,  and  had  leamt 
all  As  in  J'rwscnti  by  heart.  The  terms  of 
this  school  were  £10  a  year  for  food, 
books,  board,  clothes,  and  tuition. — 
Foote,  Taste  (1753). 

Peon'ia  or  Paeon'ia,  Macedonia;  so 
called  from  Pa;on  son  of  Endymion. 

Made  Macedon  first  stoop,  then  Thessaly  and  Thrace  ; 
His  soldiers  Uicie  enriched  with  all  I'eonui's  spoil. 

l>r.i>  tun,  Polyolbion,  via.  (16U). 


PEOPLE. 


740 


People  (Mem  of  the),  Charles  James 
Fox  (1748-1806). 

Pepin  ( William),  a  White  friar  and 
most  famous  preacher  at  the  beginning 
of  the  sixteenth  century.  His  sermons, 
in  eight  volumes  quarto,  formed  the 
grand  repertory  of  the  preachers  of  those 
times. 

Qui  neeclt  Peplnare,  nesclt  prsodicare.— Proveri. 

Pepper  Gate,  a  gate  on  the  east 
side  of  the  city  of  Chester.  It  is  said 
that  the  daughter  of  the  mayor  eloped, 
and  the  mayor  ordered  the  gate  to  be 
closed.  Hence  the  proverb,  When  your 
daughter  is  stolen,  close  l'c]>per  Gate;  or 
in  other  words,  Look  the  stable  door  when 
the  steed  is  stolen. — Albert  Smith,  Chris- 
topher Tadpole,  i. 

Pepperpot  (Sir  Peter),  a  West 
Indian  epicure,  immensely  rich,  con- 
ceited, and  irritable. — Foote,  Tlie  Patron 
(1764). 

Peppers.  (See  White  House  of 
tiik  Peppers.) 

Peps  {Dr.  Parker),  a  court  physician 
who  attended  the  first  Mrs.  Dombey  on 
her  death-bed.  Dr.  Tops  always  gave  bis 
patients  (by  mistake,  of  course),  a  title, 
to  impress  them  with  the  idea  that  his 
practice  was  exclusively  confined  to  the 
upper  ten  thousand. — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Son  (1846). 

Perceforest  (Sing),  the  hero  of  a 
prose  romance  "in  Greek."  The  MS. 
is  s:iid  to  have  been  found  by  count 
William  of  liainault  in  a  cabinet  at 
"liurtimer"  Abbey,  on  the  Humber ; 
and  in  the  same  cabinet  was  deposited  a 
crown,  which  the  count  sent  to  king 
Edward.  The  MS.  was  turned  into 
Latin  by  St.  Landelain,  and  thence  into 
French  under  the  title  of  La  Trei  Elegante 
Delideuu  MeUtflue  et  Tres  Plaisante  Hys~ 
Mre   da   Tres    Noble    Roy    Perceforest 

(printed  at  Paris  in  1528). 

(Of  course,  this  pretended  discovery  is 
only  an  invention.  An  analysis  of  the 
romance  is  given  in  Dnnlop'a  llistury  of 
Fiction.) 

lie  was  called  "  Perceforest  "  because 
he  dared  to  pierce,  almost  alone,  an  en- 
chanted forest,  where  women  and  children 

wire  most  evilly  entreated.  Charles  IX. 
of  France  was  especially  fond  of  this 
romance. 

Perch,   mesf-enger    in   the   lion 
Mr.  Dombey,  merchant,  whom  he  adored, 
and  plainly  showed  bv  his  manner  to  the 


PKLPITA. 

groat  man  :    "  You  are  the  Light   of    my 
■  You  arc  tin-  breath  of  my  soul." 
— C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (184»);. 

Perche  Notary  (.4),  a  lawyer  who 
sets  people  together  by  the  ears,  one 
■who  makes  more  quarrels  than  contracts. 
The  French  proverb  is,  Notavre  di  J'erc/ie, 
qui  passe  plus  d'echalliers  que  de  cunt  rat. 

Lc  Perche.  qui  se  trouve  partngc  entre  lea  depart*  me  nte 
de  l'Orne  et  d'Eure-et-Luir.  est  un  coiitrce  ton 
dans  laquelle  la  plupart  des  champs  tout  eutourcs  de 
haies.  dans  lesquelles  sont  menagecs  certainrs  ouverturee 
propres  a  donner  passage  aui  plctons  seuleuieut,  et  g,ue 
Ton  nomine  ichallieri. — llilairt  U  Uai. 

Percinet,  a  fairy  prince,  in  love  with 
Graciosa.  The  prince  succeeds  in  thwart- 
ing the  malicious  designs  of  Grognon,  the 
step-mother  of  the  lovely  princess. — 
Percinet  and  Graciosa  (a  fairy  tale). 

Percival  (Sir),  the  third  son  of  sir 
Pellinorc  king  of  Wales.  His  brothers 
were  sir  Aglavale  and  sir  Lamorake 
Domar,  usually  called  sir  Lamorake  de 
Galis  (  Wales).  Sir  Tor  was  his  half- 
brother.  Sir  Percival  caught  a  sight  oi 
the  holy  graal  after  his  combat  with 
sir  Ector  de  Maris  (brother  oi  Mr  Lannce- 
lot),  and  both  were  miraculously  healed 
by  it.  Cre'tien  de  Troves  wrote,  the 
Roman  de  Perceval  (before  L200),  and 
Menessier  produced  the  same  story  in  a 
metrical  form.     (See  PabztVAL.) 

Sir  Percivnle  had  a  slinnneriiiK  of  the  BanegreaU  and  of 
the  maiden  that  bare  It,  f..r  be  was  perfect  and  dean. 
And  forthwith  they  were  both  as  whole  of  limb  and  hide 
at  ever  tiny  were  in  their  life  days.  "Oh  merej  ! "  said  tb 
Percival,  "what  D  '...'*  1  wot  Wl  I 

sir  Ector  ...  "it  is  the  hoi]  woaal.  wherein  u  ■  pari  n 
the  boh,  blood  of  our  blessed  Barkwr;  hut  it  may  not  ba 
seen  bat  b)  ■  perfect  man." — Pt  iii.  14. 

Sir  Percival  was  with  sir  Bors  ar»d  sir 
Galahad  when  the  visible  Saviour  went 
into  the  consecrated  wafer  which  was 
given  to  them  by  the  bishop.  This  is 
called  the  achievement  of  the  quest  of 
the  holy  graal  (pfc.  iii.  101,  102). — Sit 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
(1470). 

Percy  Arundel  lord  Aahdalfc, 
son  of  lady  Arundel  by  her  second 
husband.  A  hot  fiery  youth,  proud  and 
overbearing.     When  grown  to  manhood, 

a  "sea-captain,"    named    Norman,    made 

love  to   violet,   l"rd    Aahdale's   cousin. 

The     young    "  Hotspur"    WM    indignant 

and  somewhat  jealous,  but  discovered 
that  Norman  was  the  son  of  lady  Arundel 

by  her  tirM  husband,  and  the  heir  to  the 
title  and  estates.  In  the  end,  Norman 
agreed  to  divide  the  property  equally, 
but  claimed  Violet  fox  his  bride. — Lord 
Lytton,  The  Sea-Captam  (1888). 

Per'dita,  the  daughter  of  the  queen 


PERDITA. 


750 


PEREGRINE. 


Hermione,  bom  in  prison.  Her  father, 
king  Leontes,  commanded  the  infant  to  be 
cast  on  a  desert  shore,  and  left  to  perish 
there.  Being  put  to  sea,  the  vessel  was 
driven  by  a  storm  to  the  "coast"  of 
Bohemia,"  and  the  infant  child  was 
brought  up  by  a  shepherd,  who  called  its 
name  Perdlta.  Flor'izel,  the  son  of  the 
Bohemian  king,  fell  in  love  with  Perdita, 
and  courted  her  under  the  assumed  name 
of  Doricles  ;  but  the  king,  having  tracked 
his  son  to  the  shepherd's  hut,  told  Perdita 
that  if  she  did  not  at  once  discontinue 
this  foolery,  he  would  command  her  and 
the  shepherd  too  to  be  put  to  death. 
Florizel  and  Perdita  now  fled  from 
Bohemia  to  Sicily,  and  being  introduced 
to  the  king,  it  was  soon  discoTered  that 
Perdita  was  Leontes's  daughter.  _  The 
Bohemian  king,  having  tracked  his  son 
to  Sicily,  arrived  just  in  time  to  hear  the 
news,  and  gave  his  joyful  consent  to  the 
union  which  he  had  before  forbidden. 
—Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Per'dita,  Mrs.  Mary  Robinson  (born 
Darby),  the  victim  of"  George  IV.  while 
prince  of  Wales.  She  first  attracted  his 
notice  while  acting  the  part  of  "Perdita," 
and  the  prince  called  himself  "  Flori- 
zel." George  prince  of  Wales  settled  a 
pension  for  life  on  her,  £500  a  year  for 
herself,  and  £200  a  year  for  her  daughter. 
She  caught  cold  one  winter,  and,  losing 
the  use  of  her  limbs,  could  neither  walk 
nor  stand  (1758-1799,  not  1800  as  is  given 
usually). 

She  was  unquestionably  very  beautiful,  but  more  so  in 
the  face  than  in  the  figure ;  and  she  had  a  remarkable 
facility  in  adapting  her  deportment  to  dress.  .  .  .  Today 
Elie  was  a  paysanne  witli  a  straw  hat  tied  at  the  back  of 
her  head  .  .  .  yesterday  she  had  been  the  dressed  belle 
of  Hyde  Park,  trimmed,  powdered,  patched,  painted  to 
the  utmost  power  of  rouge  and  white  lead  ;  to-morrow 
she  would  be  the  cravated  Amazon  of  the  riding-house ; 
but  be  she  what  she  might,  the  hats  of  the  fashionable 
promenaders  swept  the  ground  as  she  passed.  When  she 
rode  forth  in  her  high  phaeton,  three  candidates  aud  her 
husband  were  outriders.— Mrs.  Hawkins,  Mcinoirt  (1800). 

Perdrix,  toujours  Perdrix ! 
Walpole  tells  us  that  the  confessor  of  one 
of  the  French  kings,  having  reproved  the 
monarch  for  his  conjugal  infidelities,  was 
asked  what  dish  he  liked  best.  The  con- 
fessor replied,  "  Partridges ; "  and  the  king 
had  partridges  served  to  him  every  day, 
till  the  confessor  got  quite  sick  of  them. 
"  Perdrix,  toujours  perdrix  !  "  he  would 
exclaim,  as  the  dish  was  set  before  him. 
After  a  time,  the  king  visits  him,  and 
hoped  his  favourite  dish  had  been  sup- 
plied him.  "  Mais  oui,"  he  replied, 
"  toujours  perdrix,  toujours  perdrix  !  " 
"  Ali.  ah  ! "  said  the  amorous  monarch, 


"  and  one  mistress  is  all  very  well,  but 
not  perdrix,  toujours  perdrix  I  "  —  See 
Notes  and  Queries,  337,  October  23,  1869. 

The  story  is  at  least  as  old  as  the  Cent 
Nouvelles  Nouvellcs,  compiled  between 
1450-1461,  for  the  amusement  of  the 
dauphin  of  France,  afterwards  Louis  XI. 
(Notes  and  Queries,  November  27,  1869). 

%*  Farquhar  parodies  the  French  ex- 
pression into,  "  Soup  for  breakfast,  soup 
for  dinner,  soup  for  supper,  and  soup  for 
breakfast  again." — Farquhar,  The  Incon- 
stant, iv.  2  (1702). 

Pere  Duchesne  (Le),  Jacques 
Rene-  He^ert  ;  so  called  from  the  Pere 
Duchesne,  a  newspaper  of  which  he  was 
the  editor  (1755-1794). 

Peread  (Sir),  the  Black  Knight  of 
the  Black  Lands.  Called  by  Tennyson, 
"  Night "  or  "  Nox."  He  was  one  of  th» 
four  brothers  who  kept  the  passages  to 
Castle  Perilous,  and  was  overthrown  by 
sir  Gareth.— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  126  (1470)  ;  Tennyson, 
Idylls  ("Gareth  and  Lynette"). 

Peredur  (Sir),  son  of  Evrawe,  called 
"  sir  Peredur  of  the  Long  Spear,"  one  of 
the  knights  of  the  Round  Table.  He  was 
for  many  years  called  "  The  Dumb 
Youth,"  from  a  vow  he  made  to  speak 
to  no  Christian  till  Angharad  of  the 
Golden  Hand  loved  him  better  than  she 
loved  any  other  man.  His  great  achieve- 
ments were  :  (1)  the  conquest  of  the  Black 
Oppressor,  "who  oppressed  every  one 
and  did  justice  to  no  one;  (2)  killing 
the  Addanc  of  the  Lake,  a  monster  that 
devoured  daily  some  of  the  sons  of  the 
king  of  Tortures  :  this  exploit  he  was 
enabled  to  achieve  by  means  of  a  stone 
which  kept  him  invisible  ;  (3)  slaying 
the  three  hundred  heroes  privileged  to 
sit  round  the  countess  of  the  Achieve- 
ments :  on  the  death  of  these  men,  the 
seat  next  the  countess  was  freely  given 
to  him ;  (4)  the  achievement  of  the 
Mount  of  Mourning,  where  was  a  serpent 
with  a  stone  in  its  tail  which  would  give 
inexhaustible  wealth  to  its  possessor: 
sir  Peredur  killed  the  serpent,  but  gave 
the  stone  to  his  companion,  earl  Etlym  of 
the  east  country.  These  exploits  over, 
sir  Peredur  lived"  fourteen  years  with  the 
empress  Cristinobyl  the  Great. 

Sir  Peredur  is  the  Welsh  name  for  sir 
Perceval  of  Wales.  —  The  Mabino-ji^n 
(from  the  Red  Book  of  Ilergest,  twelfth 
century). 

Per'egrine   (3  syl.),   a    sentimental 


PEREGRINE  PICKLE. 


751       PERICLES  PRINCE  OF  Ti'RE. 


prig,  who  talks  by  the  book.  At  the  age 
of  15,  he  runs  away  from  home,  and  Job 
Thornberry  Lends  him  ten  guineas,  "the 
firnt  earnings  of  his  trade  as  a  brazier." 
After  thirty  years'  absence,  Peregrine  re- 
turns, just  as  the  old  brazier  is  made 
a  bankrupt  "  through  the  treachery  of  a 
friend."  He  tells  the  bankrupt  that  his 
loan  of  ten  guineas  has  by  honest  trade 
grown  to  10,000,  and  thest  he  returns  to 
Thornberry  as  his  own  by  right.  It  turns 
out  that  Peregrine  is  the  eldest  brother  of 
sir  Simon  Rochdale,  J. P.,  and  when  sir 
Simon  refuses  justice  to  the  old  brazier, 
Peregrine  asserts  his  right  to  the  estate, 
etc.  At  the  same  time-,  he  hears  that  the 
ship  he  thought  was  wrecked  has  come 
safe  into  port,  and  has  thus  brought  him 
£100,000.— G.  Colman,  junior,  John  Bull 
(1805). 

Peregrine  Pickle,  the  hero  and 
title  of  a  novel  by  Smollett  (1751).  Pere- 
grine Pickle  is  a  savage,  ungrateful 
spendthrift,  fund  of  practical  jokes,  and 
suffering  with  evil  temper  the  misfortunes 
brought  on  himself  by  his  own  wilful- 
ness. 

Peregri'nus  Proteus,  a  cynic  phi- 
losopher, born  at  Parium,  on  the  Helles- 
pont. After  a  youth  spent  in  debauchery 
and  crimes,  he  turned  Christian,  and,  to 
obliterate  the  memory  of  his  youthful  ill 
practices,  divided  his  inheritance  among 
the  people.  Ultimately  he  burned  him- 
self to  death  in  public  at  the  Olympic 
games,  a.i>.  105.  Lucan  has  held  up  this 
immolation  to  ridicule  in  his  Death  of 
Peregrinus  ;  and  C.  M.  Wieland  has  an 
historic  romance  in  German  entitled 
Peregrinus  Proteus  (1733-1813). 

Per'es  ((HI),  a  canon,  and  the  eldest 
brother  of  Gil  lilas's  mother.  Gil  was 
a  little  punchy  man,  three  feet  and  a  half 
high,  with  his  head  sunk  between  his 
shoulders,  lie  lived  well,  and  brought 
up  his  nephew  and  godchild  (iil  Lias. 
"  In  so  doing,  Peres  taught  himself  also 
to  read  his  breviary  without,  stumbling." 
lie  was  the  most  illiterate  canon  of  the 
whole  chapter.  —  Lesage,  Gil  Plus,  i. 
(1715). 

Perez  (.Michael),  the  "copper  captain," 
a  brave  Spanish  soldier,  duped  into 
marrying  Estifania,  a  servant  of  intrigue, 
who  passed  herself  otf  as  a  lady  of 
property.  Peing  reduced  to  great  ex- 
tremities, Estifania  pawned  the  clothes 
ami  valuables  of  her  husband  ;  but  these 
"valuables"  were  but  of  little  worth — a 
jewel  which  sparkled  as  the  "light  of  a 


dark  lanthorn,"  a  "chain  of  whitings' 
eyes  "  for  pearls,  and  as  for  his  clothes, 
she  tauntingly  says  to  her  husband  : 

Put  tttr.se  and  ttieiu  [hit  JcwcU\  on.  ami  )0u're  a  man  of 

Dapper, 
A  copper,  copper  captain. 

BaamnoQl  and  Fleti  her.  /Ju/t  a  liy  and 
//uk  a  It'i/o  (1640). 

Perfidious  Albion.  Great  Britain 
was  so  called  by  Napoleon  I. 

Peri,  plu.  Peris,  gentle,  fairy-like 
beings  of  Eastern  mytholog] 
of  the  fallen  angels,  and  constituting  a 
race  of  beings  between  angels  and  men. 
They  direct  with  a  wand  the  pure-minded 
the  way  to  heaven,  and  dwell  in  Shadu'- 
kiam'a'.d  Aui'br<<  abad,  two  cities  subject 
to  Eblis, 

Are  the  perles  coming  down  from  their  sphere*  ? 

W.  Beckford,  rotwt 

Pe'richole,  the  heroine  of  Offen- 
bach's comic  operetta.  She  is  a  street 
singer  of  Lima,  in  Peru. 

Pcrichole  (L<t),  the  chcre  amie  of  the 
late  viceroy  of  Peru.  She  was  a  foreigner, 
and  gave  great  offence  by  calling,  in  her 

bad  Spanish,  the  Creole  ladies 
which   means  "  flaunting  and   bedizened 
creatures."     They,    in    retaliation,    nick- 
named the  favourite  La  Perichole. 

Pericles,  the  Athenian  who  raised 
himself  to  royal  supremacy  (died  B.C. 
429).  On  his  death-bed  he  overheard  his 
friends  recalling  his  various  men: 
told  them  they  had  forgotten  his  greatest 
praise,  viz.,  that  no  Athenian  through  hia 
administration  had  had  to  put  on  mourn- 
ing, i.e.  he  had  caused  no  one  to  be  put 
to  death. 

Pericles  was  a  famous  man  of  wnrre  .  .  . 

Yet  at  hi.-,  di'aUi  lie  rather  did  ti 

In  demands,   .  .  .   "Be  still."  quoth  he.   "  roii  srare 

Ath 

[Who  •nbpered  and  told  M<  nliaal  ad  •> ; 
•■  Vim  bars  forgot  mi  (reateat  gloria  t;..t : 

For  let  hi  me  nor  inn.'     I 

Was  never  sone  a  mourning  garment  worn." 

ti.  riaarnlgnn.  n*8t*  '•■  OX  u  (died  1377). 

Per'icles    princo    of    Tyre,    a 

voluntary  exile,  in  order  to  avert  the 
calamities     which      Anti'oehus      emperor 

of   Greece  vowed  ■gainst   the  Tynans. 

Pericles,  in  his  Wanderings,  first  came  to 
Tarsus,  which  he  relieved  from  famine, 
but  was  obliged  to  quit  the  city  to  avoid 

the  persecution  of  Antiochus.  He  was  then 

shipwrecked,   and    ca.-t    OU    the    shore    of 

Pentap'olis,  where  he  distinguished  him- 
self in  the  public  games,  and  being  in- 
troduced to  the  lung,  fell  in  love  with 

the  princess  ThaVs'a  and  married  her. 
At  the  death  of  Antiochus,  he  returned  to 

Tyre  ;  but  his  wife,  supjvoscd  to  be  dead 


PERIGORT. 


752 


PERIWINKLE. 


in  giving  birth  to  a  daughter  (Marina), 
was  thrown  into  the  sea.  Pericles  en- 
trusted his  infant  child  to  Cleon  (governor 
of  Tarsus)  and  his  wife  Dionysia,  who 
brought  her  up  excellently  well  till  she 
became  a  young  woman,  when  Dionysia 
employed  a  man  to  murder  her ;  and  when 
Pericles  came  to  see  her,  he  was  shown 
a  splendid  sepulchre  which  had  been 
raised  to  her  honour.  On  bis  return 
home,  the  ship  stopped  at  Metaline,  and 
Marina  was  introduced  to  Pericles  to 
divert  his  melancholy.  She  told  him  the 
tale  of  her  life,  and  he  discovered  that 
6he  was  his  daughter.  Marina  was  now 
betrothed  to  Lysim'achus  governor  of 
Metaline ;  and  the  party,  going  to  the 
shrine  of  Diana  of  Ephesus  to  return 
thanks  to  the  goddess,  discovered  the 
priestess  to  be  Tha'isa,  the  wife  of  Pericles 
and  mother  of  Marina.  —  Shakespeare, 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1608). 

%*  This  is  the  story  of  Ismene  and 
Ismenias,  by  Eustathius.  The  tale  was 
known  to  Gower  by  the  translation  of 
Godfrey  Viterbo. 

Perigort  {Cardinal).  Previous  to  the 
battle  of  Poitiers,  he  endeavours  to  nego- 
tiate terms  with  the  French  king,  but  the 
only  terms  he  can  obtain,  he  tells  prince 
Edward,  are : 

That  to  tlio  castles,  towns,  and  plunder  ta'en. 
And  offered  now  by  you  to  be  restored, 
Your  royal  person  with  a  hundred  knighU 
Are  to  be  added  prisoners  at  discretion. 
Shirley,  Edward  th,e  black  trince,  iv.  2  (1640). 

Per'igot  (the  t  pronounced,  so  as  to 
rhyme  with  7iot),  a  shepherd  in  love 
with  Am'oret ;  but  the  shepherdess  Ama- 
rillis  also  loves  him,  and,  by  the  aid  of 
the  Sullen  Shepherd,  gets  transformed 
into  the  exact  likeness  of  the  modest 
Amoret.  By  her  wanton  conduct,  she 
disgusts  Perigot,  who  casts  her  off ;  and 
by  and  by,  meeting  Amoret,  whom  he 
believes  to  be  the  same  person,  rejects 
her  with  scorn,  and  even  wounds  her 
with  intent  to  kill.  Ultimately  the  truth 
is  discovered  by  Cor'in  "the  faithful 
shepherdess,"  and  the  lovers,  being  re- 
conciled, are  married  to  each  other. — 
John  Fletcher,  The  Faithful  Shepherdess 
(1610). 

Periklym'enos,  son  of  Neleus  (2 
syl.).  He  had  the  power  of  changing  his 
form  into  a  bird,  beast,  reptile,  or  insect. 
As  a  bee,  he  perched  on  the  chariot  of 
Herakles  {Hercules),  and  was  killed. 

Peril'los,  of  Athens,  made  a  brazen 
bull  for  Phal'aris  tyrant  of  Agrigentum, 


intended  for  the  execution  of  criminals. 
They  were  to  be  shut  up  in  the  bull, 
and  the  metal  of  the  bull  was  to  be  made 
red  hot.  The  cries  of  the  victims  inside 
were  so  reverberated  as  to  resemble  the 
roarings  of  a  gigantic  bull.  Phalaris 
made  the  first  experiment  by  shutting  uo 
the  inventor  himself  in  his  own  bull. 

What's  a  protector? 
A  tragic  actor,  Ceesar  in  a  clown ; 
He's  a  brass  farthing  stamped  with  a  crown  ; 
A  bladder  blown  with  other  breaths  pulTed  full ; 
Not  a  Perillus,  hut  Perrilus'  bull. 
John  Cleveland,  A  Definition  of  a  ^ror«*or  (died  1639) 

Perilous  Castle.  The  castle  of 
lord  Douglas  was  so  called  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  I.,  because  the  good  lord 
Douglas  destroyed  several  English  garri- 
sons stationed  there,  and  vowed  to  be 
revenged  on  any  one  who  dared  to  take 
possession  of  it.  Sir  W.  Scott  calls  it 
"  Castle  Dangerous "  in  his  novel  so 
entitled. 

***  In  the  story  of  Gareth  and  Lintt, 
the  castle  in  which  Liones  was  hekx 
prisoner  by  sir  Ironside  the  Red  Knight 
of  the  Red  Lands,  was  called  Castle 
Perilous.  The  passages  to  the  castle 
were  held  by  four  knights,  all  of  whom 
sir  Gareth  overthrew  ;  lastly  he  conquered 
sir  Ironside,  liberated  the  lady,  and 
married  her. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
Prince  Arthur,  i.  120-153  (1470). 

Perimo'nes  {Sir),  the  Red  Knight, 
one  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  to  Castle  Perilous.  He  was 
overthrown  by  sir  Gareth.  Tennyson  calls 
him  "Noonday  Sun  "or  "Meridies." — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i. 
129  (1470);  Tennyson,  Idylls  ("Gareth 
and  Lynette"). 

Per'ion,  king  of  Gaul,  father  of 
Am'adis  of  Gaul.  His  "exploits  and 
adventures  "  form  part  of  the  series  called 
Xe  Roman  des  Romans.  This  part  was 
added  by  Juan  Diaz  (fifteenth  century). 

%*  It  is  generally  thought  that  "Gaul " 
in  this  romance  is  the  same  as  Galis,  that 
is,  "Wales." 

Perissa,  the  personification  of  ex- 
travagance, step-sister  of  Elissa  {mean- 
ness) and  of  Medi'na  {the  golden  mean)  ; 
but  they  never  agreed  in  any  single  thing. 
Perissa's  suitor  is  sir  Huddibras,  a  man 
"  more  huge  in  strength  than  wise  in 
works."  (Greek, perissos,  "extravagant," 
perissotes,  "excess.") — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  ii.  2  (1590).  ' 

Per'i winkle  (Mr.),  one  of  the  foul 
guardians  of  Anne   Lovely  the  heiress. 


PERKER. 

He  is  a  "silly,  half-witted  virtuoso, 
positive  and  surly;  fond  of  everything 
antique  and  foreign  ;   and   nreara  clothes 

of  the  fashion  of  the  last  century.  Mr. 
Periwinkle  dotea  upon  travellers,  and 
believes  more  of  sir  John  Mandeville 
than  of  the  Bible"  (act  i.  1).  Colonel 
Feignwell,  to  obtain  his  consent  to  his 
marriage  with  Mr.  Periwinkle's  ward, 
disguised  himself  as  an  Egyptian,  and 
passed  himself  off  as  a  great  traveller. 
1 1  is  dress,  he  said,  "belonged  to  the 
famous  Claudius  Ptolemcus,  who  lived 
in  the  year  130."  One  of  his  curiosities 
was  poluflosboio,  "  part  of  those  waves 
which  bore  Cleopatra's  vessel,  when  she 
went  to  meet  Antony."  Another  was  the 
rnoros  musphonon,  or  girdle  of  invisibility. 
His  trick,  however,  miscarried,  and  he 
then  personated  Pillage,  the  steward  of 
Periwinkle's  father,  and  obtained  Peri- 
winkle's signature  to  the  marriage  by  a 
fluke. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Buld  Strvke  fur 
a  Wife  (1717). 

Perker  (Mr.),  the  lawyer  employed 
for  the  defence  in  the  famous  suit  of 
"Hardcll  v.  Pickwick"  for  breach  of 
promise.  —  C.  Dickens,  'T/te  Pickwick 
Papers  (183fi). 

Perkin  Warbeck,  an  historic  play 
or  "chronicle  history,"  by  John  Ford 
(1636). 

Pernelle  (Madame),  mother  of  Orgon ; 
a  regular  vixen,  who  interrupts  every  one, 
without  waiting  to  hear  what  was  to  have 
been  said  to  her.  —  Molierc,  Tartujfe 
(1664). 

Peronella,  a  pretty  country  lass,  who 
changes  places  with  an  old  decrepit  queen. 
Peronella  rejoices  for  a  time  in  the 
idolatry  paid  to  her  rank,  but  gladly 
resumes  her  beauty,  youth,  and  rags. — 
A  Fair  I/  Tale. 

Perrette  and  Her  Milk-Pail. 
Perrette,   carrying    her    milk-pail    weil- 

fioised  upon  her  head,  began  to  specul- 
ate on  its  value.  She  would  sell  the 
milk  and  buy  eggs  ;  she  would  set 
the  eggs  and  rear  chickens  ;  the  chickens 
she  would  sell  and  buy  a  pig  ;  this  she 
would  fatten  and  change  lor  a  cow  and 
calf,  and  would  it  not  be  delightful  to 
see  the  little  calf  skip  and  play?  So 
saying,  she  gave  a  skip,  let  the  milk-pail 
fall,  and  all  the  milk  ran  to  waste.  "  l^j 
lait  tombe.  Adieu,  veau,  veche,  cochon, 
couvce,"  and  poor  Perrette  "  va  s'excuser 
a  son  mari,  en  grand  danger  d'etre 
oatuo." 


753  PERSEUS. 


01  Ixit  la  eampagnef 

IV'n  .-i.e! 

.  UlUiTe,  enflo  tool, 

AilUllit  It-*  M«e9  que  Ii r«  f..'lj.    .    .    . 

Qoalque  icddenl  f.iitil  qua  jc  renlre  en  mul-meme  ; 
Lafontalns,  FaNm  ("la  LnJUcre  el  le  Pot  au  Lait,"  1688). 

(Dodsley  has  this  fable,  and  makes 
his  milkmaid  speculate  on  the  gown 
she  would  buy  with  her  money.  It 
should  be  green,  and  all  the  young 
fellows  would  ask  her  to  dance,  but  she 
would  toss  her  head  at  them  all — but  ah  ! 
in  tossing  her  head  she  tossed  over  her 
milk-pail.) 

%*  Echephron,  an  old  soldier,  related 
this  fable  to  the  advif.ers  of  king  Piero- 
chole,  when  they  persuaded  the  king  to 
go  to  war:  A  shoemaker  bought  a 
ha'p'orth  of  milk ;  this  lie  intended  to 
make  into  butter,  and  with  the  money 
thus  obtained  he  would  buy  a  eow.  The 
cow  in  due  time  would  have  a  calf,  the 
calf  was  to  be  sold,  and  the  man  when 
he  became  a  nabob  would  marry  a 
princess;  only  the  jug  fell,  the  milk  was 
spilt,  and  the  dreamer  went  supperless  to 
bed. — Kabelais,  Gar:/iintwi,  i.  ;;;;  |  I 

In  a  similar  day-dream,  A lnaschar  in- 
vested all  his  money  in  a  basket  of  glass- 
ware, which  he  intended  to  sell,  and  buy 
other  wares,  till  by  barter  he  became  a 
princely  merchant,  when  he  should 
marry  the  vizier's  daughter.  Being 
offended  with  his  wife,  he  became  so 
excited  that  he  kicked  out  his  foot, 
smashed  all  his  wares,  and  remained 
wholly  pennyless.  —  Arabian  Nights 
("  The  Barber's  Fifth  Brother"). 

Perrin,  a  peasant,  the  son  of  Thibaut. 

— Moliere,  Lc  MeckctH  MaLjre  Lui  (1666). 

Persaunt  of  India  (Sir),  the 
Blue  Knight,  called  by  TennyBon 
"  Morning  Star  "  or  "  Phosphorus,'1  On* 
of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  pat 
to  Castle  Perilous.  Overthrown  by  sir 
Gareth, — SirT.  BfalOry,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  131  (1470);  Tennyson,  Idylls 
("  Gareth  and  Lynette  "). 

%*  It  is  manifestly  a  blunder  to  call 

the  BhtS  Knight  "Morning  Star"  and 
the  Oreen  Knight  "  Evening  Star."    The 

old  romance  makes   the   coml  at    with   tho 

"Green  Knight"  at  dawn,  and  with  the 

"  lllue  Knight"  at  sunset.  The  error 
arose  from  Dot  bearing  in  mind  that  our 
forefathers  began  the  day  with  the  pre- 
ceding eve,  and  ended  it  at  sunset. 

Perseus  [Psr.suos],  a  famous  Argive 
hero,  whOBS  exploits  resemble  those  of 
llercuh's,  and  hence  he  was  called  "  Tho 
Argive  Hercules." 

3  O 


PERSIAN  CREED. 


754 


PETER. 


The  best  work  of  Benvennuto  Cellini 
is  a  bronze  statue  of  Perseus,  in  the 
Loggia  del  Lanzi,  of  Florence. 

Perseus' s  Horse,  a  ship.  Perseus,  having 
cut  off  Medusa's  head,  made  the  ship  Pe- 
gase,  the  swiftest  ship  hitherto  known,  and 
generally  called  "Perseus's  flying  horse." 

The  thick-ribbed  bark  thro'  liquid  mountains  cut  .  .  . 
Like  Perseus'  horse. 
Shakespeare,  Troilut  and  Crestida,  act  1.  sc  3  (1602). 

Persian  Creed  {The).  Zoroaster 
supposes  there  are  two  gods  or  spirit- 
principles — one  good  and  the  other  evil. 
The  good  is  Yezad,  and  the  evil  Ahriman. 

Les  mages  reconnaissaient  deux  principes,  un  bon  et 
On  niauvais  :  1*  premier,  auteur  de  tout  bien  ;  et  l'autre, 
auteur  de  tout  mal.  ...  lis  nommaient  le  bon  priucipe 
M  Yezad"  ou  "  Yezdam,"  ce  que  les  Grccs,  out  traduit  par 
Orotnazet ;  et  le  mauvais  "  Ahriman,"  en  Grec  Arhnan~ 
Hit. — NoSI,  Diet,  de  la  Fable,  art.  "  Arimane." 

And  that  same  .  .  .  doctrine  of  the  Persian 
Of  the  two  principles,  but  leaves  behind 
As  many  doubts  as  any  other  doctrine. 

Byron,  Don  Juan.  xiii.  41  (1824). 

Perth.  {The  Fair  Maid  of),  Catharine 
or  Katie  Glover,  "  universally  acknow- 
ledged to  be  the  most  beautiful  young 
woman  of  the  city  or  its  vicinity." 
Catharine  was  the  daughter  of  Simon 
Glover  (the  glover  of  Perth),  and 
married  Henry  Smith  the  armourer. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

Pertinax   (Sir).      (See    MacSyco- 

PHANT.) 

Pertolope  (Sir),  the  Green  Knight. 
One  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  to  Castle  Perilous.  He  was 
overthrown  by  sir  Gareth.  Tennyson 
calls  him  "  Evening  Star  "or  "Hesperus." 
— Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  127  (1470)  ;  Tennyson,  Idylls 
("  Gareth  and  Lynette"). 

***  It  is  evidently  a  blunder  to  call 
the  Green  Knight  "  Evening  Star "  and 
the  Blue  Knight "  Morning  Star."  In  the 
original  tale  the  combat  with  the  "  Green 
Knight "  was  at  dawn,  and  with  the 
"Blue  Knight"  at  sunset.  The  error 
arose  from  not  recollecting  that  day  began 
in  olden  times  with  the  preceding  eve, 
and  ended  at  sunset, 

Perviz  (Prince),  son  of  the  sultan 
Khrosrou-schar  of  Persia.  At  birth  he 
was  taken  away  by  the  sultana's  sisters, 
and  set  adrift  on  a  canal,  but  was  rescued 
and  brought  up  by  the  superintendent  of 
the  sultan's  gardens.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  "the  talking  bird"  told  the 
sultan  that  Perviz  was  his  son,  and  the 
young  prince,  with  his  brother  and 
lister,    were  restored  to  their  rank   and 


position  in  the  empire  of  Persia.— 
Arabian  Nights  ("  The  Two  Sisters,"  the 
last  tale). 

Prince  Perviz' s  String  of  Pearls.  When 
prince  Perviz  went  on  his  exploits,  ho 
gave  his  sister  Parizade  a  string  of  pearls, 
saying,  "  So  long  as  these  pearls  move 
readily  on  the  string,  you  will  know  that 
I  am  alive  and  well ;  but  if  they  stick 
fast  and  will  not  move,  it  will  signify 
that  I  am  dead." — Arabian  Nights  ("  The 
Two  Sisters,"  the  last  tale). 

%*  Birtha's  emerald  ring,  and  prince 
Bahman's  knife  gave  similar  warnings. 
(See  Biktha  and  Bahman.) 

Peseec'ola,  the  famous  swimmer 
drowned  in  the  pool  of  Charybdis.  The 
tale  tells  us  how  Pescecola  dived  once 
into  the  pool  and  came  up  safe ;  but  king 
Frederick  then  threw  into  the  pool  a 
golden  cup,  which  Pescecola  dived  for, 
and  was  never  seen  again. — Schiller,  Tht 
Diver  (1781). 

Pest  (Mr.),  a  barrister. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Eedgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Pet,  a  fair  girl  with  rich  brown  hair 
hanging  free  in  natural  ringlets.  A 
lovely  girl,  with  a  free,  frank  face,  and 
most  wonderful  eyes — so  large,  so  soft,  so 
bright,  and  set  to  perfection  in  her  kind, 
good  face.  She  was  round,  and  fresh, 
and  dimpled,  and  spoilt,  most  charmingly 
timid,  most  bewitchingly  self-willed.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Meagles,  and 
married  Henry  Gowan. — C.  Dickens, 
Little  Dorrit  (1857). 

Petaud  (King),  king  of  the  beggars. 

*'  It  Is  an  old  saying,"  replied  the  abbe  Haet,  "  Petaud 
being  derived  from  the  Latin peto,  '1  beg.'" — Atylum 
ChritH.iL 

The  court  of  king  P€taud,  a  disorderly 
assembly,  a  place  of  utter  confusion,  a 
bear-garden. 

On  n'y  respecte  rien,  chacun  y  parle  haut, 
Et  e'est  tout  justement  la  cour  du  rol  Fetaud. 

Moliere,  Tartuffe,  L  1  (1864). 
La  cour  du  rol  Petaud,  ou  chacun  est  maltre. — Frtnth 
Proterb. 

Petella,  the  waiting-woman  of  Rosa- 
lura  and  Lillia-Bianca,  the  two  daughters 
of  Nantolet. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Wild-goose  Chase  (1652). 

Peter,  the  stupid  son  of  Solomon 
butler  of  the  count  Wintersen.  He  gro- 
tesquely parrots  in  an  abridged  form 
whatever  his  father  says.  Thus :  Sol. 
"We  are  acquainted  with  the  reverence 
due  to  exalted  personages."  Pet.  "Yes, 
we  are  acquainted  with  exalted  per- 
sonages."     Again  :      Sol.    "  Extremely 


TETER. 


: 


PETIT  PERROQUET. 


sorry  it  is  not  in  my  power  to  ent 
your  lordship."    Pet. "  Extremely  a 


itertein 
your  lordship."  Pei. "  Extremely  sorry. " 
Sol.  "  Your  lordship's  most  obedient, 
humble,  and  devoted  servant."  /'■ .'. 
"  Devoted  servant." — Benjamin  Thomp- 
son, The  Strnnjer  ( 1 7 *. » 7 ) . 

donym  of  John  Gibson 
Lorkhart,  in  a  work  entitled  1'etcr's 
Letters  to  hid  Kinsfolk  (1810). 

Peter  (Lord),  the  j>oj>c  of  Rome. — 
Dean  Swift,   Tale  of  a  Tub  (1701). 

Peter  Botte,  a  steep,  almost  pcr- 
pendicoJar  "mountain"  in  the  Mauritius, 
niore  than  2  i  height.     1 

called  from  Peter  Botte,  ■  Dutch  sailor, 
who  scaled  it  and  fixed  ■  flag  on  its  sum- 
mit, but  lost  his  litt  in  coming  down. 

Peter  Parley,  the  Bom  </<■  j'lume  of 
Samuel  <i.  Goodrich,  an  American,  whose 

1 ks  for  children  bad  an  enonrn 

culation  in  the  middle  of  the  nin< 
century  (1793  li 

The  name  was   pirated   by  nnmerons 

?»rsons.   Darton  and  Co.,  Simkins,  i 
egg,   Hodson,  Clements,  etc.,   brought 
out  books  under  the  name,  but  not  h  ritten 
by  S.  G.  Goodrich. 

Peter   Peebles,  a  litigious,   hard- 
hearted drunkard,  noted  for  his  lawsuit. 
— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  I ! 
III.). 

Peter  Pindar,  the  pseudonym  of 
Dr.  John  Wolcot,  of  Dodbrooke,  Devon- 
shire (1788  1819). 

Peter  Plymley's  Letters,  attri- 
buted to  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith  (1769- 
1845). 

Peter  Porcupine,  William  Cobbett, 
when  he  was  a  tory.  He  broughl  out 
/'. .'  r  /'■•'  •  upine 

Papery  etc.  (1762  1886). 

Poter  Wilkins,  the  hero  <>f  a  tale 
of  adventures,  by  Robert  Pultock,  of 
Clifford's  Inn.  His  "flying  women" 
(gawreys)  suggested  to  Southey  the 
"glendoveer"  in  i  >f  Kehama, 

Poter  of  Provence  and  tho 
Fair  Magalo'nft,  the  chief  chai 

of  a  French  romance  so  called.  Peter 
Conies  into  possession  of  .Merlin's  WOOdeO 

hone, 

Peter  the  Qreat  of  Egypt, 
Mehcmct  Ali  (17' 

Peter  tho  Hermit,  a  gentleman  of 
Amiens,  who  renounced  the   military  life 

for  the  rel'jpous.    lie  preached  up  the 


.  and  put  himself  at  the  head 
of  100,000  men,  nil  of  whom,  ex  . 

. 
He  is  introduced  by  raaso  in  Jerusalem 
and  by  .«ir  \\ .  S 
Count  Robert  <■)  i  .,  1  bud  in  the 

time  of  Rnfn 
him  at  Amiens  in  . 

Peter    the  Wild    Boy,  a 
discovered    in    November,   1723,   La   the 
forest    of     Hertswold,     Hanover.       He 

walked  on   all  fours,  climbed  trees  like  a 

moi  Key,    ate   grass    and   otl 

Efforts  were  mad  iim  him,  but 

without    success.      lie    died      February, 

178*. 

Peter's  Gate  (St.),  the  gats  of  pur- 
gatory, guarded  by  an   angel   stationed 
there   by   St.   Peter.      Yir_-il   conducted* 
I'.inte  through  hell  and   purgatory,  and 
Beatrice    was    his    guide    through    the 

planetary  Bphen  -.  Da:.:."-  Bays  to  the 
Mantuan  bard  : 

.  .  .  l<-vl  me, 
T1i.it  I  St  Peter '•  jste  mnjr  rlcw  .  .  . 
Onward  lie  ( f'tr/U]  moved.  1  doae  hb  fr^t  rnirnmL 
D*nU.  licit,  L 

Peterborough,    in     Northampton- 
shire  ;     BO     called    from     \'<  .     .  ' 

Pendar  king  <-\    tfercia),   who  f 

here  a  monastery  in  the  seventli  centurv. 

In   l.'.ii  the   monastery  (then  a  mitred 

abbey)  was  converted  by  Henry  \  ill. 
into  a  cathedral  and  bishop's  see. 

Peada's  time,  Peterborough  whs  a  village 
called  afedhamsted. — See  Drayton,  Toiy- 
olbion,  xxiii.  (162 

Peterloo  ( 'The  Field  of),  an  attack  -f 

the  military  on  a  reform  meeting  held  in 

St.  Peter's  Field,  at  Manchester,  August 
IG,  1819. 

Peterson,  a  Swede,  i  from 

Gustavus  Vasa  to  Christian  II.  k  I 

Denmark.  — 11.    Brooke,    Oil  ; 

(1780). 

Petit  Andiv.  executioner.— Sii  W, 
Scott,    Quentin  Durvard  (time,    1 

Petit  Perroqr.'  •  icner, 

with   whom    the    1.  nil    in 

lo\  e.      It  SO   happened    that    a    pru 

courting  the  lady,  and,  being  jealous  i  f 

the  kin_-  t 
young  man  boasted  he  COD  Id  brm^'  hither 

i  horse.      Now    Tartan   i 

mnibal.     Peti(  r>  rp.- 
quet,  nowevi  r,  made  fa  ter  of 

the  hon   .1  old  the  kin 

Uiat  Llie  young  gardener  boasted  tie  coul 


s 


PETO.  756 


¥it  possession  of  the  giant's  diamond. 
his  he  also  contrived  to  make  himself 
master  of.  The  prince  then  told  the  king 
that  the  young  man  boasted  he  could  bring 
hither  the  giant  himself  ;  and  the  way  he 
accomplished  the  feat  was  to  cover  him- 
self first  with  honey,  and  then  with 
feathers  and  horns.  Thus  disguised,  he 
told  tbe  giant  to  get  into  the  coach  he 
was  driving,  and  he  drove  him  to  the 
king's  court,  and  then  married  the  prin- 
cess.— Iiev.  W.  Webster,  Basque  Legends 
(1877). 

Pe'to,  lieutenant  of  "captain"  sir 
John  Falstaff's  regiment.  Pistol  was  his 
ensign  or  ancient,  and  Bardolph  his  cor- 
poral.— Shakespeare,  1  and  2  Henry  IV. 
(1597-8). 

Petow'ker  {Miss  Henrietta),  of  the 
Theatre  Royal,  Drury  Lane.  She  mar- 
ries Mr.  Lillyvick,  the  collector  of  water- 
rates,  but  elopes  with  an  officer. — C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nictdeby  (1838). 

Petrarch  (The  English).  Sir  Philip 
Sidncv  (1554-1586)  is  so  called  by  sir 
Walte"r  Raleigh. 

Petrarch  and  Laura.  Laura  was 
a  lady  of  Avignon,  the  wife  of  Hugues 
de  Sade,  ne'e  Laura  de  Noves,  the  mistress 
of  the  poet  Petrarch.  (Sec  Laura  and 
Petrarch.) 

Petrarch  of  Spain,  Garcilaso  dc 
la  Vega,  born  at  Toledo  (1530-1568,  or 
according  to  others,  1503-1536). 

Petrified  City  (The),  Ishmonie,  in 
Upper  Egypt.  So  called  from  the  num- 
ber of  statues  seen  there,  and  tradi- 
tionally said  to  be  men,  women,  children, 
and  dumb  animals  turned  into  stone. — 
Kircher,  Mundus  Subterraneus  (1664). 

Petro'nius  (C.  or  T.),  a  kind  of 
Roman  "  beau  Brummell "  in  the  court 
of  Nero.  He  was  a  great  voluptuary  and 
profligate,  whom  Nero  appointed  Arbiter 
EleganticB,  and  considered  nothing  cotnine 
il  faut  till  it  had  received  the  sanction  of 
this  dictator-in-chief  of  the  imperial 
pleasures.  Tigellinus  accused  him  of 
treason,  and  Petronius  committed  suicide 
by  opening  his  veins  (a.d.  6(1). 

Beliokl  the  new  Petronius  of  the  dajr. 
The  arbiter  of  pleasure  and  of  play. 
Byron,  English  Hard*  and  Scotch  Reviewers  (1S09). 

Petruccio  =  Pe.truch'.e.o,  governor 
of  Bologna. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Chances  (1620). 

Petru'chio,  a  gentleman  of  Vero'na, 
who   undertakes    to    tame  the    haughty 


PEVERIL. 

Katharina,  called  "  the  Shrew."  He 
marries  her,  and  without  the  least  per- 
sonal chastisement  reduces  her  to  lamb- 
like submission.  Being  a  fine  compound 
of  bodily  and  mental  vigour,  with  plenty 
of  wit,  spirit,  and  good-nature,  he  rules 
his  subordinates  dictatorially,  and  shows 
he  will  have  his  own  way,  whatever  the 
consequences. — Shakespeare,  Taming  of 
the  Shrew  (1594). 

C.  Leslie  says  Henry  Woodward  (1717- 
1777)  was  the  best  "Petruchio,"  "Cop- 
per Captain,"  "  captain  Flash,"  and 
"Bobadil." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  wrote  a  comedy 
called  The  Tamer  Tamed,  in  which 
Petruchio  is  supposed  to  marry  a  second 
wife,  by  whom  he  is  hen-pecked  (1647). 

Petticoat  Lane,  Whitechapel,  was 
previously  called  "  Hog  Lane,"  and  is 
now  called  "  Middlesex  Street." 

Petty  Cury,  in  Cambridge,  is  not 
petit  e'eurie,  but  "parva  cokeria;"  petit 
curary,  from  curare,  "  to  cook  or  cure 
meat." 

Pet'ulant,  an  "odd  sort  of  smalj 
wit,"  "without  manners  or  breeding." 
In  controversy  he  would  bluntly  contra- 
dict, and  he  never  spoke  the  truth. 
When  in  his  "  club,"  in  order  to  be 
thought  a  man  of  intrigue,  he  would  steal 
out  quietly,  and  then  in  disguise  return 
and  call  for  himself,  or  leave  a  letter  for 
himself.  He  not  (infrequently  mistook 
impudence  and  malice  for  wit,  and  looked 
upon  a  modest  blush  in  woman  as  a  mark 
of  "guilt  or  ill-breeding." — W.  Con- 
greve,  The  Way  of  the  HWJ(1700). 

Peu-a-Peu.  So  George  IV.  called 
prince  Leopold.  Stein,  speaking  of  the 
prince's  vacillating  conduct  in  reference 
to  the  throne  of  Greece,  says  of  him, 
"He  lias  no  colour,"  i.e.  no  fixed  plan  of 
his  own,  but  is  blown  about  by  every 
wind. 

Peveril  ( William),  natural  son  of 
William  the  Conqueror,  and  ancestor  of 
Peveril  of  the  Peak. 

Sir  Geoffrey  Peveril,  a  cavalier,  called 
"  Peveril  of  the  Peak." 

Lady  Margaret  1'everil,  wife  of  sir 
Geoffrey. 

Julian  Peveril,  son  of  sir  Geoffrey ;  in 
love  with  Alice  Bridgenorth.  He  w:« 
named  by  the  author  after  Julian  Young, 
son  of  the  famous  actor. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II. ). 

'•  Whom  is  he  called  iftert"  Bid  Scott.  "  It  L«  a  fanry 
"«""»"  said  Young;  "in  memorial]    f  his  mother.  Julia 


PEVERIL  OF  THE  PEAK. 


57 


PHARAOH. 


Ann."  "  Well,  It  is  a  capital  name  for  a  novel,  I  must 
urfi"  he  replied.  In  the  very  next  novel  by  the  author  of 
U'uveWey,  the  hero's  name  is  "Julian."  I  allude,  of 
course,  to  Pereril  0/  the  Peak.— J.  Young,  Memoirs,  BL 

Peveril  of  the  Peak,  the  longest 
of  all  sir  W.  Scott's  novels,  and  the  most 
heavy  (1823). 

Phaedra,  daughter  of  Minos,  and 
wife  of  Theseus.     (See  Phedke.) 

P/icedra,  waiting-woman  of  Alcme'na 
(wife  of  Aniphit'ryon).  A  type  of  venality 
of  the  lowest  and  grossest  kind.  Phaedra 
is  betrothed  to  judge  Gripus,  a  stupid 
magistrate,  ready  to  sell  justice  to  the 
highest  bidder.  Neither  Phaedra  nor 
Gripus  forms  any  part  of  the  dramatis 
persona  of  Moliere's  Amphitryon  (16G8). 
— Dryden,  Amphitryon  (1690). 

Phsedria,  the  impersonation  of 
wantonness.  She  is  handmaid  of  the 
enchantress  Acrasia,  and  sails  about  Idle 
Lake  in  a  gondola.  Seeing  sir  Guyon, 
she  ferries  him  across  the  lake  to  the 
floating  island,  where  he  is  set  upon  by 
Cymoch'les.  Phaedria  interposes,  and 
ferries  sir  Guyon  (the  Knight  Tem- 
perance) over  the  lake  again. — Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  ii.  (1590). 

Pha'eton  (3  syl.),  son  of  Helios  and 
Clymene.  He  obtained  leave  to  drive  his 
father's  sun-car  for  one  day,  but  was 
overthrown,  and  nearly  set  the  world  on 
lire.  Jove  or  Zeus  (1  syl.)  struck  him 
with  a  thunderbolt  for  his  presumption, 
and  cast  him  into  the  river  Po. 

Phal'aris,  tyrant  of  Agrigentum,  in 
Sicily.  When  Perillos,  the  brass-founder 
of  Athens,  brought  to  him  a  brazen  bull, 
and  told  the  tyrant  it  was  intended  for 
the  punishment  of  criminals,  l'hahlris 
inquired  into  its  merits.  Perillos  said 
the  victim  was  to  be  enclosed  in  the  bull, 
and  roasted  alive,  l>y  making  the  figure 
red  hot.  Certain  tubes  were  so  con- 
structed as  to  make  the  groans  of  the 
victim  resemble  the  bellowings  of  a  mad 
bull.  The  tyrant  much  commended  the 
ingenuity,  and  ordered  the  invention  to 
be  tried  on  Perillos  himself. 

Letters  of  Phalaris,  certain  apocryphal 
letters  ascribed  to  Phalaris  the  tyrant, 
and  published  at  Oxford,  in  17 is,  by 
Charles  Boyle.  There  was  an  edition  in 
1777  by  Walckenaer  ;  another  in  1823  by 
G.  H.  Schajfer,  with  notes  by  Boyle  and 
others.  Bentley  maintained  that  the 
letters  were  forgeries,  and  no  doubt 
Bentley  was  right. 


Phallas,  the  horse  of  Heraclius. 
(Greek,  phalios,  "  a  grey  horse.") 

Phantom  Ship   (TJtc),    CarlmSham 

or  Carmilhan,  the  phantom  ship  on  which 
the  kobold  of  the  Cape  sits,  when  he 
appears  to  doomed  vessels. 

.  .  .  that  phantom  ship,  whose  form 
Shoots  like  a  meteor  thro'  the  storm  .  .  . 
And  well  the  doomed  spectators  know 
"lis  harbinger  of  wreck  and  woe. 

8ir  W.  Scott,  Rokeby.  ii.  11  (1811). 

Pha'on,  a  young  man  who  loved 
Claribel,  but,  being  told  that  she  was 
unfaithful  to  him,  watched  her.  He  saw, 
as  he  thought,  Claribel  holding  an  assig- 
nation with  some  one  he  supposed  to  be  a 
groom.  Returning  home,  he  encountered 
Claribel  herself,  and  "with  wrathfull 
hand  he  slew  her  innocent."  On  the  trial 
for  murder,  "the  lady"  was  proved  to 
be  Claribcl'8  servant.  Phaon  would  have 
slain  her  also,  but  while  he  was  in  pur- 
suit of  her  he  was  attacked  by  Furor.— 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  4,  28,  etc. 
(1590). 

%*  Shakespeare's  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  is  a  similar  story.  Both  are 
taken  from  a  novel  by  Belleforest,  copied 
from  one  by  Bandello.  Ariosto,  in  his 
Orlando  Furioso,  has  introduced  a  similar 
story  (bk.  v.),  and  Turbervil's  Gcneura  is 
the  same  tale. 

Pharamond,  king  of  the  Franks, 
who  visited,  inco/jnito,  the  court  of  king 
Arthur,  to  obtain  by  his  exploits  a  place 
among  the  knights*  of  the  Round  Table. 
He  was  the  son  of  Marcomir,  and  father 
of  Clodion. 

Calprenbde  has  an  heroic  romance  so 
called,  which  (like  his  Cleopatra  ami 
Cassandra)  is  a  Roman  de  Lonyue  Haleine 
(1012-1(366). 

Phar'amond,  prince  of  Spain,  in  the 
drama  called  Philaster  or  Love  Lies  a- 
bleediwj,  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(date  uncertain,  probably  about  1662). 

Pharaoh,  the  titular  name  of  all  the 
Egyptian  kings  till  the  time  of  Solomon, 
as  "the  Roman  emperors  took  the  titular 
name  of  Cresar.  After  Solomon's  time, 
the  titular  name  Pharaoh  never  occurs 
alone,  but  only  as  a  forename,  as  Pharaoh 
Necho,  Pharaoh  Hophra,  Pharaoh  Shi- 
shak.  After  the  division  of  Alexander's 
kingdom,  the  kings  of  Egypt  were  all 
called  Ptolemy,  generally  with  some  dis- 
tinctive aftername,  as  Ptolemy  Phila- 
delphia, Ptolemy  Euergetes,  Ptolemy 
PhUopStor,  etc.— Selden,  Titles  of  Honour •, 
v.  50  (1611). 


PHARAOH. 


768 


PHARSALIA. 


Pharaohs  before  Solomon  (mentioned  in 
the  Old  Testament) : 

1.  Pharaoh  contemporary  with  Abraham 
(Gen.  xii.  15).  I  think  this  wasOsirtesen 
I.  (dynasty  xii.). 

2.  The  good  Pharaoh  who  advanced 
Joseph  (Gen.  xii.).  I  think  this  was 
Apophis  (one  of  the  Hyksos). 

8.  The  Pharaoh  who  ''knew  not  Joseph" 
(Exod.  i.  8).  I  think  this  was  Amen'- 
ophis  I.  (dynasty  xviii.).  The  king  at 
the  flight  of  Moses,  1  think,  was  Thoth- 
mes  II. 

4.  The  Pharaoh  drowned  in  the  Red 
Sea.  As  this  was  at  least  eighty  years 
after  the  persecutions  began,  probably 
this  was  another  kinj;.  Some  say  it  was 
Menephthes  son  of  Kam'eses  II.,  but  it 
seems  quite  impossible  to  reconcile  the 
account  in  Exixius  with  any  extant  his- 
torical account  of  Egypt  (Exod.  xiv.  28). 
(?)  Was  itThothmefllll.? 

6.  The  Pharaoh  who  protected  Hadad 
(1  King*  xL  19). 

6.  The  I'haraoh  whose  daughter  Solomon 
married  (1  Kings  W).  1 ;  ix.  16).  I  think 
this  was  I'susennes  I.  (dynasty  xxi.). 

Pharaohs  after  Solomon's  time  (men- 
tioned in  the  Old  Testament) : 

1.  Pharaoh  Shishak.who  warred  against 
Rehoboatn  (1  Kings  xiv.  26,  2G  ;  8  L/tron. 
xii.  2). 

2.  The  Pharaoh  called  "So"  king  of 
Egypt,  with  whom  Moshea  made  an  alli- 
ance (2  Kings  xvii.  4). 

3.  The  Pharui  >h  who  made  a  league  with 
Bezekiah  against  Sennacherib.  He  is 
called  Tirhakah  (2  Kings  xviii.  21 ;  xix. 
9). 

•I.  Pharaoh  Nccho,  who  warred  against 
Josiah  (2  Kings  xxiii.  29,  etc.). 

5.  Pharaoh  llophra,  the  ally  of  Zcde- 
kiah.  Said  to  be  Pharaoh  Apries,  who 
was  strangled,  B.C.  500-525  (Jcr.  xliv. 
80). 

%*  Bunsen's  solution  of  the  Egyptian 
dynasties  cannot  possibly  be  correct. 
Pharaohs  noted  m  romanos  : 

1.  Cheops  or  Snphis  I.,  who  built  the 
great  pyramid  (dynasty  iv.). 

2.  Cephrenfis  or  Suphis  II.  his  brother, 
who  built  tlie  second  pyramid. 

3.  Menchcrcs,  his  successor,  who  built 
the  most  beautiful,  though  not  the  largest, 
of  the  pyramids. 

4.  Mcmnon  or  A-mcnophis  III.,  whose 
musical  statue  is  so  celebrated  (dynasty 
Xviii.). 

5.  Scthos  1.  the  Great,  whose  tomb  was 
discovered  by  Belzoni  (dynasty  xix.). 

C.  Sethos  II.,  called  "Proteus,"  who 


detained  Helen  and  Paris  in  Egypt  (dy- 
nast}' xix.). 

7.  Phuoris  or  Thufiris,  who  sent  aid  to 
Priam  in  the  siege  of  Troy. 

8.  Uampsinitus  or  Ramcses  Neter,  the 
miser,  mentioned  by  Herodotos  (dynasty 
xx.). 

9.  Osorthon  IV.  (or  Osorkon),  th* 
Egyptian  Hercules  (dynasty  xxiii.). 

Pharaoh's  Daughter.  The  daugh- 
ter of  Pharaoh  who  brought  up  Moses 
was  I'athia. 

Bathia,  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh,  earoe  attended  by  her 
maidens.  And  entering  the  water  the  chanced  to  see  the 
box  of  bulrushes,  and,  pitying  the  infant,  the  rescued  him 
from  deaUi — Tht  Talmiui.  t1. 

Pharaoh's  Wife,  Asia  daughter  of 
Mozahem.  Her  husband  cruelly  tor- 
mented her  because  she  believed  in  Moses. 
He  fastened  her  hands  and  feet  to  four 
stakes,  and  laid  a  millstone  on  her  as  she 
lay  in  the  hot  sun  with  her  face  upwards; 
but  angels  shaded  off  the  sun  with  their 
wings,  and  God  took  her,  without  dying, 
into  paradise. — Sale,  Al  Koran,  lxvi. 
note. 

Among  women,  four  have  been  perfect :  Asia,  wife  of 
Ph.irn.ili :  M.U7.  daughter  of  linrin  ;  Khudl.ali.  daughter 
of  Kh..»7iiled.  Mahomet's  Hnt  wife;  and  KaUiua.  Ma- 
huinet'i  daughter. — Attributed  to  Mahomet- 

*»*  Tliere  is  considerablo  doubt  re- 
specting the  Pharaoh  meant — whether  the 
Pharaoh  whose  daughter  adopted  Moses, 
or  the  Pharaoh  who  was  drowned  in  the 
Red  Sea.  The  tale  suits  the  latter  king  far 
better  than  it  does  the  first. 

Pharian  Fields,  Egypt ;  so  called 
from  Pharos,  an  island  on  the  Egyptian 
coast,  noted  for  its  lighthouse. 

And  passed  from  Pharian  fields  to  Canaan  land. 

Milton.  Ptaim  ciir.  (1033). 

Pharsa'lia  (T/ie),  a  Latin  epic  in 
ten  books,  by  Lucan,  the  subject  being 
the  fall  and  death  of  Pompey.  It  opens 
with  the  passage  of  Cajsar  across  the 
Rubicon.  This  river  formed  the  boundary 
of  his  province,  and  his  crossing  it  was 
virtually  a  declaration  of  war  (bk.  i.). 
Pompey  is  appointed  by  the  senate 
general  of  the  army  to  oppose  him  (bk. 
v.)  ;  Caesar  retreats  to  Thessaly  ;  Pompey 
follows  (bk.  vi.),  and  both  prepare  for 
war.  Pompey,  being  routed  in  the  battle 
of  Pharsalia,  flees  (bk.  vii.),  and  seeking 
protection  in  Egypt)  Is  met  by  Achillas 
the  Egyptian  general,  who  murders  him, 
cuts  on  his  head,  and  casts  his  body  into 
tlic  sea  (bk.  viii.).  Cato  leads  the  residue 
of  Pompey 's  army  to  Cyrene,  in  Africa 
(bk.  ix.) ;  andOswar,  in  pursuitof  Pompey, 
landing  at  Alexandria,  is  hospitably  enter- 


PHEASANT. 


759 


PHILANDER. 


tained  by  Cleopatra  (bk.  x.).  While  here, 
he  tarries  in  luxurious  dalliance,  the 
palace  is  besieged  by  Egyptians,  and 
Caesar  with  difficulty  escapes  to  Pharos. 
He  is  closely  pursued,  hemmed  in  on  all 
sides,  and  leaps  into  the  sea.  With  his 
imperial  robe  held  between  his  teeth, 
his  commentaries  in  his  left  hand,  and 
his  sword  in  his  right,  he  buffets  with  the 
waves.  A  thousand  javelins  are  hurled 
at  him,  but  touch  him  not.  He  swims 
for  empire,  he  swims  for  life  ;  'tis  Caesar 
and  his  fortunes  that  the  waves  bear  on. 
He  reaches  his  fleet ;  is  received  by  his 
soldiers  with  thundering  applause.  The 
stars  in  their  courses  fought  for  Caesar. 
The  sea-gods  were  with  him,  and  Egypt 
with  her  host  was  a  by-word  and  a 
scorn. 

***  Bk.  ix.  contains  the  account  of 
the  African  serpents,  by  far  the  most 
celebrated  passage  of  the  whole  poem. 
The  following  is  a  pretty  close  translation 
of  the  serpents  themselves.  It  would 
have  occupied  too  much  room  to  give 
their  onslaught  also  : — 

Here  all  the  serpent  deadly  brood  appears : 
First  the  dull  Asp  its  swelling  neck  uprears ; 
The  huge  Henior'rhvis,  vampire  of  the  blood  J 
Chersy'ders,  that  pollute  both  field  and  Hood; 
The  Water-serpent,  tyrant  of  the  lake  ; 
The  hooded  Cobra ;  and  the  Plantain  snake ; 
Here  with  distended  jaws  the  Prester  strays; 
And  Seps,  whose  bite  both  flesh  and  bone  decays; 
The  AmphislMena  with  its  double  head, 
One  on  the  neck,  and  one  of  tail  instead  ; 
The  horned  Cerastes ;  and  the  Haniniodyte, 
Whose  sandy  hue  might  balk  the  keenest  sight ; 
A  feverish  thirst  betrays  the  Dipsas'  sting ; 
The  Scytala.  its  slough  that  casts  in  spring ; 
The  Natrix  here  the  crystal  stream  pollutes ; 
Swift  thro'  the  air  the  venomed  Javelin  shoots ; 
Here  the  Pareas,  moving  on  its  tail, 
Marks  in  the  sand  its  progress  by  its  trail ; 
The  speckled  Cenchris  darts  its  devious  way, 
Its  skin  with  spots  as  Theban  marble  gay ; 
The  hissing  Siblla  ;  and  Kasilisk, 
With  whom  no  living  thing  its  life  would  risk. 
Where'er  it  moves  none  else  would  dare  remain, 
Tyrant  alike  and  terror  of  the  plain. 

E.  C.  B. 

In  this  battle  Pompey  had  45,000 
legionaries,  7000  horse,  and  a  large 
number  of  auxiliaries.  Caesar  had  22,000 
legionaries,  and  1000  horse.  Pompey's 
battle  cry  was  Hercules  invictus!  That 
of  Caesar  was  Venus  vlctrix  I  Caesar  won 
the  battle. 

Pheasant.  So  called  from  Phasis,  a 
stream  of  the  Black  Sea. 

There  was  formerly  at  the  fort  of  PotI  a  preserve  of 
pheasants,  which  birds  derive  their  European  name  from 
the  river  Phasis  (the  present  Kiofc).— Lieut. -tieneral  Mon- 
teith. 

Phebe  (2  syl.),  a  shepherdess  beloved 
by  the  shepherd  Silvius.  While  Rosalind 
was  in  boy's  clothes,  Phebe  fell  in  love 
with  the  stranger,  and  made  a  proposal 


of  marriage ;  but  when  Rosalind  ap- 
peared in  her  true  character,  and  gavi 
her  hand  to  Orlando,  Phebe  was  content 
to  accept  her  old  love  Silvius. — Shake- 
speare, As  You  Like  It  (1600). 

Phedre  (or  Ph^dra),  daughter  of 
Minos  king  of  Crete,  and  wife  of  The- 
seus. She  conceivod  a  criminal  love  for 
Hippolytos  her  step-son,  and,  being  re- 
pulsed by  him,  accused  him  to  her  hus- 
band of  attempting  to  dishonour  her. 
Hippolytos  was  put  to  death,  and  Phaedra, 
wrung  with  remorse,  strangled  herself. 

This  has  been  made  the  subject  of  tra- 
gedy by  Eurip'ides  in  Greek,  Sen'eca  in 
Latin,  Racine  in  French  (1677).  "Phe'dre" 
was  the  great  part  of  Mdlle.  Rachel ; 
she  first  appeared  in  this  character  in 
1838. 

(Pradon,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
duchesse  de  Bouillon  and  the  due  de 
Nevers,  produced,  in  1677,  his  tragedy  of 
Phe'dre  in  opposition  to  that  of  Racine. 
The  duke  even  tried  to  hiss  down 
Racine's  play,  but  the  public  judgment 
was  more  powerful  than  the  duke ;  and 
while  it  pronounced  decidedly  for  Ra- 
cine's chef  d'eeuvre,  it  had  no  tolerance 
for  Pradon's  production.) 

Phelis  "  the  Fair,"  the  wife  of  sir 
Guy  earl  of  Wanvick. 

Phid'ias  (The  French),  (1)  Jean 
Goujon  ;  also  called  "  The  Correggio  of 
Sculptors."  He  was  slain  in  the  St. 
Bartholomew  Massacre  (1510-1572).  (2) 
J.  B.  Pigalle  (1714-1785). 

Phil  {Little),  the  lad  of  John  Daviea 
the  old  fisherman. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Red- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Philaminte  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Chry- 
sale  the  bourgeois,  and  mother  of  Ar- 
mande,  Henriette,  Ariste,  and  Bclise. — 
Moliere,  Les  Femmes  Savarites  (1672). 

Philan'der,  of  Holland,  was  a  guest 
at  the  house  of  Arge'o  baron  of  Servia, 
and  the  baron's  wife  Gabri'na  fell  in  love 
with  him.  Philander  Hod  the  house,  and 
Gabrina  told  her  husband  he  had  abused 
her,  and  had  lied  out  of  fear  of  him. 
He  was  pursued,  overtaken,  and  cast 
into  a  dungeon.  One  day,  Gabrina 
visited  him  there,  and  asked  him  to 
defend  her  against  a  wicked  knight. 
This  he  undertook  to  do,  and  Gabrina 
posted  him  in  a  place  where  he  could 
make  his  attack.  Philander  slew  the 
knight,  but  discovered  that  it  was  Argso. 
Gabrina   now    declared  she   would  give 


PHILANDER. 


760 


PHILIPPE  EGALITE. 


him  up  to  justice,  unless  he  married  hpr  ; 
and  Philander,  to  save  his  life,  did  so. 
But  in  a  very  short  time  the  infamous 
woman  tired  of  her  toy,  and  cut  him  off 
by  poison. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Philan'der,  a  male  coquet ;  so  called 
from  Philander  the  Dutch  knight,  men- 
tioned above,  who  coquetted  with  Ga- 
brina.  To  "  philander  "  is  to  wanton  or 
make  licentious  love  to  a  woman ;  to 
,toy. 

Yes,  111  baste  you  together,  you  and  you."  Philander. 
— W.  Congreve,  Tlte  Way  of  the  World  (1700). 

Philan'der,  prince  of  Cyprus,  passion- 
ately in  love  with  the  princess  Ero'ta. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Laws  of 
Candy  (1647). 

Philanthropist  (The),  John  How- 
ard (1726-1790). 

Philario,  an  Italian,  at  whose  house 
Posthu'ir.us  made  his  silly  wager  with 
Iachimo.  (See  Posthumus.) — Shake- 
speare, Cymbeline  (ltiOd). 

Phila'rio,  an  Italian  improvisatore, 
who  remained  faithful  to  Fazio  even  in 
disgrace. — Dean  Milman,  Fazio  (1815). 

Philaster  (Prince),  heir  to  the  crown 
of  Messi'na.  Fuphra'sia,  who  was  in 
love  with  Philaster,  disguised  herself  as 
a  boy,  and  assuming  for  the  nonce  the 
name  of  Bellario,  entered  the  prince's 
service.  Philaster,  who  was  in  love  with 
the  princess  Arethu'sa,  transferred  Hel- 
lario  to  her  service,  and  then  grew  jealous 
of  Arethusa's  love  for  the  young  page.— 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Philaster  or  Love 
Lies  a-bleedinij  (?  1622). 

There  is  considerable  resemblance  be- 
tween Euphrasia  and  "  Viola"  in  'Twelfth 
Night  (Shakespeare,  1614). 

Philax,  cousin  of  the  princess  Imis. 
The  fay  Pagan  shut  them  up  in  the 
"  Palace  of  Kcvenge,"  a  superb  crystal 
palace,  containing  every  delight  except 
the  power  of  leaving  it.  In  the  course 
of  a  few  years,  Imis  and  Philax  longed 
as  much  for  a  separation  as  at  one  time 
they  had  wished  for  a  union. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("Palace  of  Re- 
venge," 1682). 

Phile'mon  (3  syl.),  an  aged  rustic, 
who,  with  his  wife  Baucis,  hospitably  re- 
ceived Jupiter  and  Mercury,  after  every 
one  else  had  refused  to  receive  them. 
The  gods  sent  an  inundation  to  destroy 
the  inhospitable  people,  but  saved 
Baucis   and    Philemon,    and    converted 


their  cottage  into  a  magnificent  temple. 
At  their  own  request,  the  aged  couple 
died  on  the  same  day,  and  were  changed 
into  two  trees,  which  stood  before  the 
temple. — Greek  Mythology. 

Philinte  (2  syl.),  friend  of  Alceste 
(2  syl.). — Moliere,  Le  Misanthrope  (1666). 

Philip,  father  of  William  Swidger. 
His  favourite  expression  was,  "  Lord, 
keep  my  memory  green.  I  am  87." — C 
Dickens,  The  Haunted  Man  (1848). 

Philip,  the  butler  of  Mr.  Peregrine 
Lovcl ;  a  hypocritical,  rascally  servant, 
who  pretends  to  be  most  careful  of  hia 
master's  property,  but  who  in  reality 
wastes  it  most  recklessly,  and  enriches 
himself  with  it  most  unblushingly. 
Being  found  out,  he  is  summarily  dis- 
missed.— Bev.  J.  Townley,  High  Life 
Below  Stairs  (1759). 

Philip  (Father),  sacristan  of  St.  Mary's. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie  Monastery  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Philip  Augustus,  king  of  France, 
introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Talis- 
man (time,  Kichard  I.). 

Philip  Nye,  brought  up  for  the 
Anglican  Church,  but  became  a  presby- 
terian,  and  afterwards  an  independent. 
He  was  noted  for  the  cut  of  his  beard. 

This  reverend  brother,  like  a  inxit. 
Did  wear  a  toil  upon  his  throat  . 
But  set  in  such  a  curious  frame. 
As  if 'twere  wrought  in  tilo^raiu, 
And  cut  to  even,  as  if  't  h;ul  been 
Drawn  with  a  pan  upon  lus  chin. 
S.  Butler,  On  Philip  Aye'i  Thanktyiving  Beard  (1652), 

Philip  Quarl,  a  castaway  sailor, 
who  becomes  a  hermit.  His  "man 
Friday  "  is  a  chimpanzee.— Philip  Quarly 
(1727). 

Philip's  Four  Daughters.  We 
are  told,  in  Acts  xxi.  9,  that  Philip  the 
deacon  or  evangelist  had  four  daughters 
which  did  prophesy. 

Helen,  the  mother  of  great  Constantlne, 
Nor  yet  St.  Philip's  daughters,  were  like  Uiee  [Joan  of 
Arci 

Shakespeare,  1  Henry  Yl.  act  1.  tc  2  (1589). 

Philippe,  a  parched  and  haggard 
wretch,  infirm  and  bent  beneath  a  pile 
of  years,  yet  shrewd  and  cunning,  greedy 
of  gold,  malicious,  and  looked  on  by  the 
common  people  as  an  imp  of  darkness. 
It  was  this  old  villain  who  told  Thanc- 
mar  that  the  provost  of  Bruges  was  the 
son  of  a  serf  on  Thancmar's  estates. — S. 
Knowles,  The  Provost  of  Bruges  (1836). 

Philippe  Egalite  (4  syl.),  Louii 
Philippe  due  d'Orleans  (1747-1793). 


PHILTPSON. 


761     PHILOSOPHER  OF  WIMHLEDON. 


Philipson  ( The  elder),  John  carl  of 
Oxford,  an  exiled  Lancastrian,  who  goes 
to  France  disguised  as  a  merchant. 

Arthur  Phtiipson,  sir  Arthur  de  Vere, 
eon  of  the  earl  of  Oxford,  whom  he 
accompanies  to  the  court  of  king  Rene' 
of  Provence.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Qeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Phil'isidos  (3  syl.),  sir  Philip  Sidney 
(1554-1580). 

It  was  the  linrp  of  Phll'isldes,  now  dead.  .  .  . 

And  now  in  heaven  a  sign  it  doth  M>peur, 

The  Harp  well  known  beside  the  Northern  Bear. 

Spenser,  The  liuiiu  of  Time  (1501). 

%*  Phili[p]  8id[netrt,  with  the  Greek 
termination,  makes  Phili-sidcs.  Iiishop 
Hall  calls  the  word  Thil-is'-ides  :  "  Which 
sweet  Philis'ides  fetched  of  late  from 
France." 

Philistines,  the  vulgar  rich,  the 
pretentiously  genteel  not  in  "  society," 
the  social  snobs,  distinguished  for  their 
much  iewellery  and  loud  finery. 

Demonstrative  and  offensive  whiskers,  which  are  tho 
special  inheritance  of  the  British  Philistines. — Mrs. 
Oliphant,  l'Kabe,  Junr.,L  2. 

Phillips  (Jessie),  the  title  and  chief 
character  of  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Trollope, 
the  object  being  an  attack  on  the  new 
poor-law  system  (1843). 

Phillis,  a  drama  written  in  Spanish 
by  Lupercio  Leonardo  of  Argensola. — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote  (1605-15). 

Phillis,  a  pastoral  name  for  a  maiden. 

Where  Corydon  and  Thynds,  met. 
An?  at  their  savoury  dinner  get. 
Of  herbs  and  other  country  messes. 
Which  tile  neat-handed  Phillis  dresses. 

Milton.  V Allegro  (1638). 

Phillis,  "the  Exigent,"  asked  "  Damon 
thirty  sheep  for  a  kiss  ; "  next  day,  she 
promised  him  "thirty  kisses  for  a 
sheep  ; "  the  third  day,  she  would  have 
given  "thirty  sheep  for  a  kiss;"  and 
the  fourth  day,  Damon  bestowed  his 
kisses  for  nothing  on  Lizette. — C.  Riviere 
Dufresny,  La  Coquette  de  Village  (1715). 

Philo,  a  Pharisee,  one  of  the  Jewish 
Banhedrim,  who  hated  Caiaphaa  the  high 
priest  for  being  a  Sadducee.  Philo  made 
a  vow  in  the  judgment  hall,  that  he 
would  take  no  rest  till  Jesus  was 
numbered  with  the  dead.  In  bk.  xiii.  he 
commits  suicide,  and  his  soul  is  carried 
to  hell  by  Obaddon  the  angel  of  death. — 
,  Klopstoek,  The  Messiah,  iv.  (1771). 

Philoelea,  that  is,  lady  Penelope 
Devereux,  with  whom  sir  Philip  Sidney 
was  in  love.     The  lady  married  another, 


and  sir  Philip  transferred  his  affections 
to  Frances  W  alsin^ham,  eldest  daughter 
of  sir  Francis  Walsingham. 

Philocte'tes  (4  syl.),  one  of  the 
Argonauts,  who  was  wounded  in  the 
foot  while  on  his  way  to  Troy.  An 
oracle  declared  to  the  Greeks  that  Troy 
could  not  be  taken  "without  the  arrows 
of  Hercules,"  and  as  Hercules  at  death 
had  given  them  to  PhiloctetCs,  the 
Greek  chiefs  sent  for  him,  and  he  re- 
paired to  Troy  in  the  tenth  and  last  year 
of  the  siege. 

All  dogs  have  their  day,  even  rabid  ones.  Sorrowful. 
Incurable  Philoctetc4  Marat,  without  whom  Troy  cannot 
be  taken. — Carlyle. 

Philomel,  daughter  of  Pandion 
king  of  Attica.  She  was  converted  into 
a  nightingale. 

And  the  mute  Silence  hist  along, 
%ea  Philomel  wilt  deign  a  song 
In  her  sweetest,  saddest  plight. 
Smoothing  the  rugged  brow  uf  night.  . 
Sweet  bird,  Uiat  shilnnat  the  noise  of  folly. 
Most  musical,  most  melancholy. 

Mdtou,  11  Penteroto  (1B3S*. 

Philosopher  (  The).  Marcus  Aurc- 
lius  Antoninus,  the  Roman  emperor,  was 
so  called  by  Justin  Martyr  (121,  101-180). 

Leo  VI.  eatperor  of  the  East  (806, 
880-911). 

Porphyry,  the  Neoplatonist  (223-304). 

Alfred  or  Alured,  surnamed  "  Angli- 
cus,"  was  also  called  "The  Philosopher" 
(died  1270). 

Philosopher  of  China,  Confucius 
(n.c.  551-479). 

Philosopher  of  Ferney,  Voltaire, 
who  lived  at  Ferney,  near  Geneva,  for 
the  last  twenty  years  of  his  life  (1694— 
1778). 

Philosopher    of  Malmesbury, 
Thomas    Hobbs,    author    of    Leviathan, 
He    was    born    at    Malmesbury    (158* 
1079). 

Philosopher  of  Persia  {The\ 
Abou  Ebn  Sina  of  Shiraz  (died  1037). 

Philosopher  of  Sans  Souci, 
Frederick  the  Great  of  Prussia  (1712, 
1740-1786). 

%*  Frederick  elector  of  Snxonv  waa 
called  "The  Wise"  (1403,  1544-1554). 

Philosopher     of     Wimbledon 

(The),  John  Home  Tooke,  author  of  the 
Vioertiona  of  Parley.  He  lived  at 
Wimbledon,  near  London  (1786— 1812). 

(For  the  philosophers  of  the  different 
Greek  sects,  as  the  Cynic,  Cyrenaic, 
Eleac,  Eleatic,    Epicurean,    Haraclitian, 


PHILOSOPHERS. 


F62 


PHLEGETHON. 


Ionic,  Italic,  Megaric,  Peripatetic,  Sceptic, 
Socratic,  Stoic,  etc.,  see  Dictionary  of 
Phrase  and  Fable,  680-1.) 

Philosophers   ( The  Five  English) : 

(1)  Roger  Bacon,  author  of  Opus  Majus 
(1214-1292)  ;  (2)  sir  Francis  Bacon, 
author  of  Novum  Organum  (1561-1626) ; 

(3)  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle  (1627-1691) ; 

(4)  John  Locke,  author  of  a  treatise 
on  the  Human  Understanding  and  Innate 
Ideas  (1632-1704) ;  (5)  sir  Isaac  Newton, 
•uthor  of  Princip'ia  (1642-1727). 

Philosopher's  Stone  (The),  a  red 
powder  or  amalgam,  to  drive  off  the 
impurities  of  baser  metals.  The  word 
stone,  in  this  expression,  does  not  mean 
the  mineral  so  called,  but  the  substratum 
or  article  employed  to  produce  a  certain 
effect.     (See  Elixir  Vit^k.) 

Philosophy  (Tie  Father  of),  (1) 
Albrecht  von  Haller  of  Berne  (1708-1777). 

(2)  Roger  Bacon  is  also  so  called  (1214- 
1292). 

Philosophy  (The  Father  of  Inductive), 
Francis  Bacon  lord  Verulam  (1561-1626). 

Philosophy  (The  Father  of  Roman), 
Cicero  the  orator  (n.c.  106-43). 

Philosophy  (The  Nursimj  Mother  of). 
Mde.  de  Boufilers  was  so  called  by 
Marie  Antoinette. 

Phil'ostrate  (3  syl.),  master  of  the 
revels  to  Theseus  (2  syl.)  kin<x  of  Athens. 
■ — Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night's  Dream 
(1592). 

Philo'tas,  son  of  Parmenio,  and 
commander  of  the  Macedonian  cavalry. 
He  was  charged  with  plotting  against 
Alexander  the  Great.  Being  put  to  the 
rack,  he  confessed  his  guilt,  and  was 
stoned  to  death. 

The  king  may  doom  me  to  a  thousand  tortures. 
Ply  me  with  tire,  and  rack  me  like  Philotas, 
Ere  I  will  stoop  to  idolize  his  pride. 

N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Qraat,  L  1  (1678). 

Philot'ime  (4  syl.,  "  love  of  glory  "), 
daughter  of  Mammon,  whom  the  money- 
god  offers  to  sir  Guyon  for  a  wife  ;  but 
the  knight  declines  the  honour,  saying 
he  is  bound  by  love-vows  to  another. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  7  (1590). 

Philot'imus,  Ambition  personified. 
(Greek,  philo-timos,  "ambitious,  covetous 
of  honour.") — Phineas  Fletcher,  Tlie 
Purple  Island,  viii.  (1633). 

Philot'imus,  steward  of  the  house  in 
the  suite  of  Gargantua. — Rabelais,  Gar- 
gantua,  i.  18  (1533). 


Philpot  (senior),  an  avaricious  old 
hunks,  and  father  of  George  Philpot. 
The  old  City  merchant  cannot  speak  a 
sentence  without  bringing  in  something 
about  money.  "  He  wears  square-toed 
shoes  with  little  tiny  buckles,  a  brown 
coat  with  small  brass  buttons.  ...  His 
face  is  all  shrivelled  and  pinched  with 
care,  and  he  shakes  his  head  like  a 
mandarin  upon  a  chimney-piece"  (act 
i.  1). 

When  I  was  very  young,  I  performed  the  part  of  "  Old 
Philpot,"  at  Brighton,  with  great  success,  and  next  eveuinr 
1  was  introduced  into  a  club-room,  full  of  company.  On 
bearing  my  name  announced,  one  of  the  gentlemen  laid 
down  his  pipe,  and,  taking  up  bis  glass,  said,  "  Here's  to 
your  health,  young  gentleman,  and  to  your  father's  too. 
I  hait  the  pleasure  of  seeing  him  last  night  in  the  part  of 
'  Philpot,'  and  a  very  uice  clever  old  gentleman  he  is.  I 
hope,  young  sir.  you  may  one  day  be  as  good  an  actor  as 
your  worthy  father." — Muuden. 

George  Philpot.  The  profligate  son  of 
old  Philpot,  destined  for  Maria  Wilding, 
but  the  betrothal  is  broken  off,  and  Maria 
marries  Beaufort.  George  wants  to 
pass  for  a  dashing  young  blade,  but  is 
made  the  dupe  of  every  one.  "  Bubbled 
at  play  ;  duped  by  a  girl  tc  whom  he 
paid  his  addresses  ;  cudgelled  by  a  rake ; 
laughed  at  by  his  cronies  ;  snubbed  by 
his  father ;  and  despised  by  every  one." 
— Murphy,  The  Citizen  (1757  or  1761). 

Philtra,  a  lady  of  large  fortune,  be- 
trothed to  Bracidas ;  but,  seeing  the 
fortune  of  Amldas  daily  increasing,  and 
that  of  Bracidas  getting  smaller  and 
smaller,  she  forsook  the  declining  fortune 
of  her  first  lover,  and  attached  herself  to 
the  more  prosperous  younger  brother. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  4  (1596). 

Phineus  [Fi'.nuce],  a  blind  sooth- 
sayer, who  was  tormented  by  the  harpies. 
Whenever  a  meal  was  set  before  him,  the 
harpies  came  and  carried  it  off,  but  the 
Argonauts  delivered  him  from  these  pesta 
in  return  for  his  information  respecting 
the  route  they  were  to  take  in  order  to 
obtain  the  golden  fleece.  (See  Tikk- 
BIAS.) 

Tlreslas  and  Phineus.  prophets  old. 

Milton,  Paradite  Lott,  Ui.  36  (166B). 

Phiz,  the  pseudonym  of  Hablot  K. 
Browne,  who  illustrated  the  Pickwick 
Papers  (1836),  Nicholas  Nickleby,  and 
most  of  Charles  Dickens's  works  of  fic- 
tion. He  also  illustrated  the  Abbotsford 
edition  of  the  Waverley  Novels. 

Phleg'ethon  (3  syl.),  one  of  the  five 
rivers  of  hell.  The  word  means  the 
"river  of  liquid  fire."  (Greek,  phligo, 
"  I  burn.")     The  ether  rivers  are  Styx, 


PH LEGMAN  SIZE. 


763 


PHRA0RTE3. 


Ach'cron,   Cocy'tus,    and    Le'the.      (See 
Bttx.) 

Pierce  Phlegethon, 
Whose  wavea  of  torrent  fire  iuuame  with  rage. 

Milton.  Paradue  Lost,  ii.  &80  (1665). 

Phleg'rian  Size,  gigantic.  Phlegm 
or  the  Phlegra'an  plain,  in  Macedon,  is 
where  the  giants  attacked  the  gods,  and 
were  defeated  by  Hercuies.  Drayton 
makes  the  diphthong  <s  a  short  •': 

Who»  only  love  surprlse.1  those  of  tho  Phlegrian  size. 

The  Tliaiiois,  that  once  against  high  heaven  durst  rise. 

rolyoWtm,  vl.  (161-'). 

Phobbs.  Captain  and  Mrs.  Phobbs, 
with  Mrs.  major  Phobbs  a  widow,  sister- 
in-law  to  the  captain,  in  Lend  Me  Five 
Shillings,  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

Pho'ciort,  husband  of  Euphrasia 
"the  Grecian  daughter." — A.  Murphy, 
The  Grecian  Daughter  (1772). 

Pho'cyas,  general  of  the  .Syrian  army 
in  the  siege  of  Damascus.  Phocyas  was 
in  love  with  Eudo'cia,  daughter  of  Eu'- 
menc8  the  governor,  but  when  he  asked 
the  governor's  consent,  Eunienus  sternly 
refused  to  give  it.  After  gaining  several 
battles,  Phocyas  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Arabs,  and  consented  to  join  their 
army  to  revenge  himself  on  Eumen.Os. 
Tho  Arabs  triumphed,  and  Eudocia  was 
taken  captive,  but  she  refused  to  wed  a 
traitor.  Ultimately,  Phocyas  died,  and 
Eudocia  entered  a  convent.— John  Hughes, 
Siege  of  Damascus  (1720). 

Phoebus,  the  sun-god.  Phoebe  (2 
s-//.),  the  moon-goddess. — Greek  Mytho- 
logy. 

Phcebus's  Son.  Pha'Cton  obtained  per- 
mission of  his  father  to  drive  the  sun-car 
for  one  day,  but,  unable  to  guide  the 
horses,  they  left  their  usual  track,  the  car 
was  overturned,  and  both  heaven  and 
earth  were  threatened  with  destruction. 
Jupiter  struck  Phaeton  with  his  thunder- 
bolt, and  he  fell  headlong  into  the  Po. 

.  .  .  liko  Phiehua'  fayrcit  cliildo, 
Tlimt  (lid  plenum  lib  father's  fiery  wiiyne. 
And  naming  moutiu  of  stoeds  unwonted  wllilo. 
Thro'  highest  heaven  with  weaker  hand  to  rayne  ;  .  .  . 
He  leaver  tho  welkin  way  most  beaten  plnywo. 
And,  wrapt  with  whirling  wheels.  inflames  the  skyen 
With  dre  not  mado  to  burno.  but  favrely  lor  to  shyno. 
Sponsor,  P^cri/  QiKwn,  1.  4.  lu  (1590). 

Phoebus.  Gaston  de  Foix  was  so  called, 
from  his  great  beauty  (1488-1612). 

Pluebus  (Captain),  the  betrothed  of 
Fleur  de  Marie.  He  nls<>  entertains  a 
base   love   for    Esmeralda,  the    beautiful 

?'.psv  girl. — Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dame  de 
arts  (1831). 

Phcenix  ( The)  is  uaid  to  live  500  (or 


1000)  years,  when  it  makes  a  ne9t  at 
spices,  burns  itself  to  ashes,  and  cornea 
forth  with  renewed  life  for  another  simi- 
lar  period.  There  never  was  but  one 
phoenix. 

Tho  bird  of  Arabye  .  .  .  Can  never  dye, 

And  fet  there  is  nunc.  But  only  one. 

A  phenix.  .  .  .  Plluni  showpth  al  In  bb  Story  Jfaturat. 

What  ho  doth  ftnde  Of  the  phenbi  klnde. 

J.  Skolton.  PMUp  Sparuio  {lime,  Henry  VIIL). 

Phoenix  Theatre  [The),  now  called 
Drury  Lane. 

Phoenix  Tree,  the  rasin,  an  Arabian 
tree.  Floro  says  :  "  There  never  was  but 
one,  and  upon  it  the  phoenix  sits." — 
Dictionary  (1598). 

Pliny  thinks  the  tree  on  which  the 
phoenix  was  supposed  to  perch  is  the 
date  tree  (called  in  Greek  phoinix),  adding 
that  "the  bird  died  with  the  tree,  and 
revived  of  itself  as  the  tree  revived." — 
Nat.  Hist.,  xiii.  4. 

Now  I  will  believe 
That  there  are  unicorns ;  that  In  Arabia 
Thero  is  one  tree,  the  phumix'  throne  :  one  phoenix 
At  this  hour  reigning  there. 

Sliukuspeare,  The  Tem>*tt,  act  UL  it  3  (1609). 

Phorcus,  "the  old  man  of  the  sea." 
He  had  three  daughters,  with  only  one 
eye  and  one  tooth  between*  'em. — Greek 
Mythology. 

This  is  not  "  the  old  man  of  the  sea" 
mentioned  in  the  Arabian  Nights  ("  Sind- 
bad  the  Sailor"). 

Phor'mio,  a  parasite,  who  is  "ail 
things  to  all  men." — Terence,  Pliormio. 

Phosphor,  the  light>bringcr  or  morn- 
ing star ;  also  called  JlespSras,  and  by 
Homer  and  Hcsiod  Jlcos-pliOros. 

Bright  Phosphor,  /resher  for  the  night. 
6wevt  Hesper- Phosphor,  doubh*  name. 

Tunnj-son,  In  Jiernoriar/i,  exxi.  (1S50). 

Phos'phorus,  a  knight  called  by 
Tennyson  "  Morning  Star,"  but,  in  the 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  "sir  Peraiunt 
of  India  or  the  Pluc  Knight."  One  of 
the  four  brothers  who  kept  the  pal 
to  Castle  Perilous.  —  Tennyson,  Idylls 
("Gareth  and  Lynette")  ;  sir  T.  nfalory, 
History  of  Prime*  Arthur,  i.  131  (1470). 

***  It  is  evidently  a  blunder  to  call 
the  Blue  Knight  "  Morning  Star  "  and  tho 
Grosn  Knight  ".Evening  Star."  In  the 
old  romance,  the  combat  with  the  "Green 
Knight  "  is  at  dawn,  and  with  the  "  151uo 
Knight"  at  nightfall.  The  error  arose 
from  not  bearing  in  mind  that  our  fore- 
fathers began  the  day  with  the  preceding 
eve,  and  ended  it  at  sunset. 

Phraortes  (3  syl.),  a  Greek  admiral. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Parit 
(time,  Iiufus). 


PHRAT. 


764 


PICCOLINO. 


Plirat,  the  Eu-phrat-es,  now  called 
Forat  or  Frat. 

Phry'ne  (2  syl.),  an  Athenian  cour- 
tezan of  surpassing  beauty.  Apelles's 
celebrated  picture  of  "Venus  Anadyo- 
mene"  was  drawn  from  Phryne,  who 
entered  the  sea  with  hair  dishevelled  for 
a  model.  The  "  Cnidian  Venus "  of 
Praxiteles  was  also  taken  from  the  same 
model. 

Some  say  Campaspe  was  the  academy 
figure  of  the  "Venus  Anadyomene." 
Pope  has  a  poem  called  Phryne. 

Phyllis,  a  Thracian  who  fell  in  love 
with  Demoph'oon.  After  some  months 
of  mutual  affection,  Demophoon  was 
obliged  to  sail  for  Athens,  but  promised 
to  return  within  a  month.  When  a 
month  had  elapsed,  and  Demophoon  did 
not  put  in  an  appearance,  Phyllis  so 
mourned  for  him  that  she  was  changed 
into  an  almond  tree,  hence  called  by  the 
Greeks  Phylin.  In  time,  Demophoon  re- 
turned, and,  being  told  the  fate  of  Phyllis, 
ran  to  embrace  the  tree,  which,  though 
bear  and  leafless  at  the  time,  was  instantly 
covered  with  leaves,  hence  called  Phylla 
by  the  Greeks. 

let  Demophoon  tell 
Why  Phyllis  by  a  fate  untimely  fell. 

Ovid,  Art  of  Love,  11L 

Phyllis,  a  country  girl  in  Virgil's  third 
and  fifth  Ecloyues.  Hence,  a  rustic 
maiden.     Also  spelt  Phillis  (?.«.)• 

Phyllis,  in  Spenser's  eclogue  Colin 
Clout's  Come  Home  Again,  is  lady  Carey, 
wife  of  sir  George  Carey  (afterwards  lord 
Hunsdon,  1596).  Lady  Carey  was  Eliza- 
beth, the  second  of  the  six  daughters  of 
sir  John  Spenser  of  Althorpe,  ancestor  of 
the  noble  houses  of  Spenser  and  Marl- 
borough. 

No  less  praiseworthy  are  the  sisters  three. 
The  honour  of  the  noble  family 
Of  which  I  meanest  boast  myself  to  be,  .  .  . 
Phvllts.  Char>llis.  and  sweet  Ajn:ir)Uis: 
Phyllis  the  fair  is  eldest  of  the  three. 
Spenser,  Colin  Clout't  Come  Home  Again  (1594). 

Phyllis  and  Brunetta,  rival 
beauties.  Phyllis  procured  for  a  certain 
festival  some  marvellous  fabric  of  gold 
brocade  in  order  to  eclipse  her  rival,  but 
Brunetta  dressed  the  slave  who  bore  her 
train  in  a  robe  of  the  same  material  and 
cut  in  precisely  the  same  fashion,  while 
she  herself  wore  simple  black.  Phyllis 
died  of  mortification. —  The  Spectator 
(1711,  1712,  1714). 

Phynnodderee,  a  Manx  spirit, 
similar  to  the  Scotch  brownie.  Phyn- 
nodderee is  an  outlawed  fairy,  who  ab- 


sented himself  from  Fairy-court  on  th« 
great  levee  day  of  the  harvest  moon. 
Instead  of  paying  his  respects  to  king 
Oberon,  he  remained  in  the  glen  of 
Rushen,  dancing  with  a  pretty  Manx 
maid  whom  he  was  courting. 

Physic  a  Farce  is  (His).  Sir  John 
Hill  began  his  career  as  an  apothecary 
in  St.  Martin's  Lane,  London  ;  became 
author,  and  amongst  other  things  wrote 
farces.     Garrick  said  of  him  : 

For  physic  and  farces,  his  equal  there  scarce  Is : 
His  farces  are  physic,  his  physic  a  farce  is. 

Physician  (TJie  Beloved),  St.  Luka 
the  evangelist  (Cot.  iv.  14). 

Physicians  (The  prince  of),  Avi- 
cenna  the  Arabian  (980-1037). 

Physigna'thos,  king  of  the  frogs, 
and  son  of  Pelus  ("mud").  Ueing 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  the  frogs  and 
mice  by  Troxartas  the  mouso  king,  he 
flees  ingloriously  to  a  pool,  "  and  half  in 
anguish  of  the  flight  expires "  (bk.  iii. 
112).     The  word  means  "  puffed  chaps." 

Great  Physlgnathos  I  from  Pelus*  race. 
Begot  in  fair  Hydromedo  s  embrace. 
Pamell,  Battle  of  the  Froge  and  Mice,  1.  (about  1712). 

Pibrac  (Seigneur  de),  poet  and  diplo- 
matist, author  of  Cinqtiante  Quatrains 
(1574).  Gorgibus  bids  his  daughter  to 
study  Pibrac  instead  of  trashy  novels 
and  poetry. 

I.isez moi,  romme  II  dint,  au  lieu  de  res  sonicttes. 
Lea  Quatrain*  de  Piorac.  et  Us  doctes  Tab'ettrt 
L)u  conseiller  Matthieu  ;  l'ouvrage  est  de  valeur, .  .  . 
la  Guide  det  picheuri  est  encore  uu  bou  lirre. 

Moliere,  Sganarelle,  L  1  (16G0). 

(Pierre  Matthieu,  poet  and  historian, 
wrote  Quatrains  de  la  Vanite"  du  Monde, 
1629.) 

Picanninies  (4  syl.),  little  children; 
the  small  fry  of  a  village.—  West  Indian 
Negroes. 

There  were  at  the  marriage  the  picanninies  and  the 
Joblilies,  but  not  the  Grand  Panjandrum.— Yonge, 

Picaresco  School  (The),  romances 
of  roguery ;  called  in  Spanish  Gusto 
Picaresco.  Gil  Plas  is  one  of  this  school 
of  novels. 

Pic'atrrx,  the  pseudonym  of  a  Span- 
ish monk  ;  author  of  a  book  on  demono- 
logy. 

When  I  was  a  student.  .  .  .  that  same  Rev.  Plcatrli  .  .  . 
was  wont  to  tell  us  that  devils  did  naturally  fear  the 
bright  flashes  of  swords  as  much  as  he  feared  the  splendour 
of  the  sun.— Rabelais,  fantngruil,  iii.  23  (164S). 

Piccolino,  an  opera  by  Mons. 
Guiraud  (1875)  ;  libretto  by  MM. 
Sardou  and  Nuittier.  This  opera  was 
first  introduced  to  an  English  audienca 


PICKEL-HEUUIXGE. 


765 


Pl(  I  QBE. 


In  1879.  The  tale  is  this:  Marthe,  an 
orphan  girl  adopted  by  a  Swiss  pastor, 
is  in  loie  witli  Fre'deric  Auvray,  a  young 
artist,  who  "  loved  and  left  his  love." 
Marine  plods  through  the  snow  from 
Switzerland  to  Rome  to  find  her  young 
artist,  but,  for  greater  security,  puts  on 
boy's  clothes,  and  assumes  the  name  of 
Piccolino.  She  sees  Fr.  deric,  who  knows 
her  not ;  but,  struck  with  her  beauty, 
makes  a  drawing  of  her.  Marthe  dis- 
covers that  the  faithless  Fre'dc'ric  is  pay- 
ing his  addresses  to  Elena  (sister  of  the 
duke  Strozzi).  She  tells  the  lady  her 
love-tale ;  and  Fre'deric,  deserted  by 
Elena,  forbids  Piccolino  (Marthe)  to 
come  into  his  presence  again.  The  poor 
Swiss  wanderer  throws  herself  into  the 
Tiber,  but  is  rescued.  Fre'deric  repents, 
and  the  curtain  falls  on  a  reconciliation 
and  approaching  marriage. 

Pickel-Herringe  (5  s>/l.),  a  popular 
name  among  the  Dutch  for  a  buffoon  ;  a 
corruption  of  piclde-hiirin  ("a  hairy 
sprite "),  answering  to  Ben  Jonson's 
Puck-hairy, 

Pickle  (Peregrine),  a  savage,  un- 
grateful spendthrift,  fond  of  practical 
jokes,  delighting  in  tormenting  others  ; 
but  suffering  with  ill  temper  the  mis- 
fortunes which  resulted  from  his  own 
wilfulness.  His  ingratitude  to  his  uncle, 
and  his  arrogance  to  Hatchway  and 
Pipes,  are  simply  hateful.— T.  Smollett, 
The  Adventures  of  Perearinc  Pickle 
(1751). 

Pickwick  (Samuel),  the  chief  cha- 
racter of  'The  Pickwick  Papers,  a  novel 
by  C.  Dickens.  He  is  general  chairman 
of  the  Pickwick  Club.  A  most  ver- 
dant, benevolent,  elderly  gentleman,  who, 
as  member  of  a  club  instituted  "for  the 
purpose  of  investigating  the  source  of 
the  Hampstead  ponds,"  travels  about 
with  three  members  of  the  club,  to  whom 
he  acts  as  guardian  and  adviser.  The 
adventures  they  encounter  form  the  sub- 
ject of  the  Posthumous  Papers  of  the 
Pickwick  Club  (1836). 

The  original  of  Seymour's  picture  of 
"  Pickwick  "  was  a  Mr.  John  Foster  (not 
the  biographer  of  Dickens,  but  a  friend 
of  Mr.  Chapman's  the  publisher).  He 
lived  at  Richmond,  and  was  "  a  fat  old 
beau,"  noted  for  his  "drab  tights  and 
black  gaiters." 

Pickwickian  Sense  (In  a),  an 
insult  whitewashed.  Mr.  Pickwick  ac- 
cused Mr.  Ulotton  of  acting   in  "a  vile 


and  ealumnioos  manner;"  whereupon 
Mr.  Blotton  retorted  by  calling  Mr. 
Pickwick   "  a  humbug."     I  Jut  it  finally 

was  made  to  appear  that  both  had  used 
the  offensive  words  only  in  a  parlia- 
mentary si  use,  and  that  each  entertained 
for  the  other  "  the  highest  regard  and 
esteem."  So  the  difficulty  was  easily 
adjusted,  and  both  were  satisfied. 

Lawyers  and  politician*  daily  abu^o  each  other  In  ft 
Pickwickian  sense — Dowditcb. 

Pic'rochole,king  of  Lerne,  noted  for 
his  choleric  temper,  his  thirst  for  empire, 
and  his  vast  but  ill-digested  projects. — 
Rabelais,  Gargantua,  i.  (1533). 

Supposed  to  be  a  satire  on  Charles  V. 
of  Spain. 

The  ru-tirs  of  Utopia  one  day  asked  the  cake-hakrrj  of 
Lernd  to  sell  them  some  rakes.  A  quarrel  endued,  and 
king  Picrochole  marched  with  all  his  army  *«"'"*<  Utopia, 
to  extirpate  the  insolent  inhabitants. — Bk.  i.  Hi 

Picrochole's  Counsellors.  The 
duke  of  Smalltrash,  the  earl  of  Swash- 
buckler, and  captain  Durtaillc,  advised 
king  Picrochole  to  leave  a  small  garrison 
at  home,  and  to  divide  his  army  into 
two  parts — to  send  one  south,  and  the 
other  north.  The  former  was  to  take 
Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  Germany  (but 
was  to  spare  the  life  of  Barbarossa),  to 
take  the  islands  of  the  Mediterranean, 
the  Morea,  the  Holy  Land,  and  all 
Lesser  Asia.  The  northern  army  was  to 
take  Belgium,  Denmark,  Prussia,  Poland, 
Kussia,  Norway,  Sweden,  sail  across  the 
Sandy  Sea,  and  meet  the  other  half  at 
Constantinople,  when  king  Picrochole 
was  to  divide  the  nations  amongst  his 
great  captains.  Echephron  said  he  had 
heard  about  a  pitcher  of  milk  which  was 
to  make  its  possessor  a  nabob,  and  give 
him  for  wife  a  sultan's  daughter;  only 
the  poor  fellow  broke  his  pitcher,  and 
had  to  go  supperless  to  bed.  (See  Boba- 
dil.) — Kabelais,  Pantajrtu'l,'i.33  (1533). 

A  shoemaker  bought  a  ha'p'orth  of  milk  ;  wiUi  this  he 
Intended  to  make  butter,  the  butter  was  to  buy  a  cow, 
the  cow  was  to  have  a  calf,  the  calf  was  to  l«s  sold, 
and  the  man  to  become  a  nabob  ;  oniy  the  poor  dreamer 
cracked  Uie  jug.  spilt  tho  milk,  and  had  to  go  luppertsa 
to  bed.— Pantafriml,  L  S3. 

Picts,  the  Caledonians  or  inhabitants 
of  Albin,  i.e.  northern  Scotland.  The 
Scots  came  from  .Scotia,  north  of  Ire- 
land, and  established  themselres  under 

Kenneth  M'Alpin  in  848, 

The  etymology  of  "Picts"  from  the 
Latin  ni'cri  ("painted  men"),  isnbout  equal 
to  Stevens's  etymology  of  the  word 
•'brethren"  from  tabernacle  "because 
we  breathe-therein." 

Picture  (The),  a  drama  by  Mas- 
siuger  (1629).     The   story  of  thid   play 


PICUS. 

(like  that  of  the  Twelfth  Night,  by 
Shakespeare)  is  taken  from  the  novel- 
letti  of  Bandello  of  Piedmont,  who  died 
1555. 

Pi'cus,  a  soothsayer  and  augur  ;  hus- 
band of  Canens.  In  his  prophetic  art 
he  made  use  of  a  woodpecker  (j)icus),  a 
prophetic  bird  sacred  to  Mars.  Circe  fell 
in  love  with  him,  and  as  he  did  not  re- 
quite her  advances,  she  changed  him  into 
a  woodpecker,  whereby  he  still  retained 
his  prophetic  power. 

"  There  is  Picus,"  said  Maryx.  "  What  a  strange  tiling 
Is  tradition!  Perhaps  it  was  in  (his  very  forest  that 
I'irco,  gathering  her  herbs,  saw  the  bold  friend  of  Mars 
on  his  fiery  courser,  and  tried  to  bewitch  him.  and,  fail- 
ing, metamorphosed  him  so.  What,  I  wonder,  ever  first 
wedded  that  story  to  the  woodpecker  .' " — Ouida, .( riadni. 
Lit 

Pied  Horses.  Motassem  had 
130,000  pied  horses,  which  he  employed 
to  carry  earth  to  the  plain  of  Catoul ; 
and  having  raised  a  mound  of  sufficient 
height  to  command  a  view  of  the  whole 
neighbourhood,  lie  built  thereon  the  royal 
city  of  Samarah'. — Khondemyr,  A'helassat 
alAkhbar  (1495). 

The  Hill  of  the  Pied  Horses,  the  site  of 
the  palace  of  Alkorcmmi,  built  by  Mo- 
tassem, and  enlarged  by  Vathek. 

Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin  (3  sj/l.), 
a  piper  named  Bunting,  from  his  dress. 
He  undertook,  for  a  certain  sum  of 
money,  to  free  the  town  of  Hamelin,  in 
Brunswick,  of  the  rats  which  infested 
it ;  but  when  he  had  drowned  all  the  rats 
in  the  river  Wcser,  the  townsmen  refused 
to  pay  the  sum  agreed  upon.  The  piper, 
in  revenge,  collected  together  all  the 
children  of  Hamelin,  and  enticed  them 
by  his  piping  into  a  cavern  in  the  side 
of  the  mountain  Koppenberg,  which  in- 
stantly closed  upon  them,  and  130  went 
down  alive  into  the  pit  (June  26,  1284). 
The  street  through  which  Bunting  con- 
ducted his  victims  was  Bungen,  and 
from  that  day  to  this  no  music  is  ever 
allowed  to  be  played  in  this  particular 
Btreet. — Verstegan,  destitution  of  Decayed 
Intelligence  (16341. 

Robert  Browning  haa  a  poem  entitled 
Tlie  Pied  Piper. 

Erichius,  in  his  Exodus  Hamelcnsis, 
maintains  the  truth  of  this  legend  ;  but 
Martin  Schoock,  in  his  Fabula  Hamelcnsis, 
contends  that  it  is  a  mere  myth. 

"Don't  forget  to  pay  the  piper"  is 
still  a  household  expression  in  common 
use. 

%*  The  same  tale  is  told  of  the  fiddler 
of  Braadcnberg.     The  children  wore  led 


766 


PIERRE. 


to  the  Marienberg,  which  opened  upon 
them  and  swallowed  them  up. 

%*  When  Lorch  was  infested  with 
ants,  a  hermit  led  the  multitudinous  in- 
sects by  his  pipe  into  a  lake,  where  they 
perished.  As  the  inhabitants  refused  to 
pay  the  stipulated  price,  he  led  their  pigs 
the  same  dance,  and  they,  too,  perished 
in  the  lake. 

Next  year,  a  charcoal-burner  cleared 
the  same  place  of  crickets  ;  and  when 
the  price  agreed  upon  was  withheld,  be 
led  the  sheep  of  the  inhabitants  into  the 
lake. 

The  third  year  came  a  plague  of  rat*, 
which  an  old  man  of  the  mountain  piped 
away  and  destroyed.  Being  refused  his 
reward,  he  piped  the  children  of  Lorch 
into  the  Tannenberg. 

%*  About  200  years  ago,  the  people  of 
Ispahan  were  tormented  with  rats,  when 
a  little  dwarf  named  Giouf,  not  above 
two  feet  high,  promised,  on  the  payment 
of  a  certain  sum  of  money,  to  free  the 
city  of  all  its  vermin  in  an  hour.  The 
terms  were  agreed  to,  and  Giouf,  by 
tabor  and  pipe,  attracted  every  rat  and 
mouse  to  follow  him  to  the  river  Zen- 
derou,  where  they  were  all  drowned. 
Next  day,  the  dwarf  demanded  the 
money  ;  but  the  people  gave  him  several 
bad  coins,  which  they  refused  to  change. 
Next  day,  they  saw  with  horror  an  old 
black  -woman,  fifty  feet  high,  standing 
in  the  market-place  with  a  whip  in  her 
hand.  She  was  the  genie  Mergian 
Banou,  the  mother  of  the  dwarf.  For 
four  days  she  strangled  daily  fifteen  of 
the  principal  women,  and  on  the  fifth  day 
led  forty  others  to  a  magic  tower,  into 
which  she  drove  them,  and  they  were 
never  after  seen  by  mortal  eye. — T.  S. 
Gueulette,  Chinese  Talcs  ("  History  of 
Prince  Kader-Bilah,"  1723). 

%*  The  syrens  of  classic  story  had,  by 
their  weird  spirit-music,  a  similar  irre- 
sistible influence. 

(Weird  music  ia  called  Alpleich  oi 
Elfenseigen.) 

Pieria,  a  mountainous  slip  of  land  in 
Thessaly.  A  portion  of  the  Mountains 
is  called  Picrus  or  the  Pierian  Moun- 
tain, the  seat  of  the  Muses. 

Ah  1  will  they  leave  Pieria's  happy  shore. 

To  plough  the  tide  where  wintry  tempests  roart 

Falconer,  The  shipwreck  (1766). 

Pierre  [Peer],  a  blunt,  bold,  oub- 
apoken  man,  who  heads  a  conspiracy  to 
murder  the  Venetian  senators,  and  induces 
Jaffier  to  join  the  gang.     Jaflicr  (in  order 


pierrp;. 


767 


PIGROGROMITUS. 


to  save  his  wife's  father,  Priuli),  reveals 
the  plot,  under  promise  of  free  pardon  ; 
but  the  senators  break  tlieir  pledge,  and 
orderthe  conspirators  to  torture  and  death. 
Jaffier,  being  free,  because  he  had  turned 
"  king's  evidence,"  stabs  Pierre  to  prevent 
his  being  broken  on  the  wheel,  and  then 
kills  himself. — T.  Otway,  Venice  Pre- 
served (1682). 

John  Kenible[1767-1(«3]  could  not  play  "fir  1'crtiniu" 
like  Cooke,  nor  could  Cooke  play  "  Pierre  "  like  Kemble. 
—  C  K.  Leslie,  Autobiography, 

Charles  M.  Young's  "  Pierre,"  if  not  so  lofty,  Is  more 
natural  and  soldierly  than  Kemble's. — Scv>  Monthly 
Mayaaine  (1822). 

Macready's  "  Pierre  "  was  occasionally  too  familiar,  and 
now  and  then  too  loud  ;  but  it  had  beauties  of  the  highest 
order,  of  which  1  chiefly  remember  his  passionate  taunt 
of  ttie  gang  of  conspirators,  and  his  silent  reproach  to 
"  Jaffier  "  by  holding  up  his  manacled  hands,  and  looking 
upon  the  poor  traitor  with  stedfast  sc.tow  1 171)3- 1878> — 
Xalfouid. 

Pierre,  a  very  inquisitive  servant  of 
M.  Darlemont,  who  long  suspects  his 
master  has  played  falsely  with  his  ward 
Julio  count  of  Harancour.  —  Thomas 
Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and  Dumb  (1785). 

Pierre  Alphonse  {Rabbi  Moise 
Sephardi),  a  Spanish  Jew  converted  to 
Christianity  in  1062. 

All  stories  that  recorded  are 

Ky  Pierre  Alfonso  he  knew  by  heart. 

Longfellow,  The  Wayside  Inn  (prelude). 

Pierre  du  Coignet  or  Coig- 
neres,  an  advocate-general  in  the  reign 
of  Philippe  de  Valois,  who  stoutly 
opposed  the  encroachments  of  the  Church. 
The  monks,  in  revenge,  nicknamed  those 
grotesque  figures  in  stone  (called  "gar- 
goyles"), pierres  du  coignet.  At  Notre 
Dame  de  Paris  there  were  at  one  time 
gargoyles  used  for  extinguishing  torches, 
and  the  smoke  added  not  a  little  to  their 
ugliness. 

You  may  associate  them  with  Master  Pierre  du  Coignet, 
•  .  .  which  perform  the  office  of  extinguishers. — Babalaia, 
Qargantua  and  Pantagruel  (15:&-45). 

Pierrot  [Pe'-er-ro],  a  character  in 
French  pantomime,  representing  a  man 
in  stature  and  a  child  in  mind.  He  is 
generally  the  tallest  and  thinnest  man  in 
thfi  company,  and  appears  with  his  face 
and  hair  thickly  covered  with  flour.  He 
wears  a  white  gown,  with  very  long 
sleeves,  and  a  row  of  big  buttons  down 
the  front.  The  word  means  "  Little 
Peter." 

Piers  and  Palinode,  two  shep- 
herds in  Spenser's  fifth  eclogue,  represent- 
ing the  protestant  and  the  catholic  priest. 

Piers  or  Percy  again  appears  in  eel.  x. 
with  Cuddy,  a  poetic  shepherd.  This 
noble  eclogue  has  for  its  subject  "poetry." 


Caddy  complains  that  poetry  has  no 
patronage  or  encouragement,  although  it 
comes  by  inspiration.  He  says  no  one 
would  be  so  qualified  as  Colin  to  sing 
divine  poetry,  if  his  mind  were  not  so 
depressed  by  disappointed  love. — Spenser, 
The  Sheplieardes  Calendar  (1579). 

Pie'tro  (2  ml,),  the  putative  father 
of  Pompilia.  This  paternity  was  a  fraud, 
to  oust  the  heirs  of  certain  properly 
whicli  would  otherwise  fall  to  them. — K. 
Browning,  Tlie  liimj  and  the  Book,  ii 
580. 

Pig.  Phasdrus  tells  a  talc  of  a  popular 
actor  who  imitated  the  squeak  of  a  pig. 
A  peasant  said  to  the  audience  that  he 
would  himself  next  night  challenge 
and  beat  the  actor.  When  the  night 
arrived,  the  audience  unanimously  gave 
judgment  in  favour  of  the  actor,  saying 
that  his  squeak  was  by  far  the  better 
imitation  ;  but  the  peasant  presented  to 
them  a  real  pig,  and  said,  "  Behold,  what 
excellent  judges  are  ye!"  This  is 
similar  to  the  judgment  of  the  connois- 
seur who  said,  "  Why,  the  fellow  has 
actually  attempted  to  paint  a  fly  on  that 
rosebud,  but  it  is  no  more  like  a  fly  than 

I  am  like ; "  but,  as  he  approached  his 

finger  to  the  picture,  the  fly  flew  away. — 
G.  A.  Stevens,  'The  Connoisseur  (1754). 

Pigal  (Mons.  de),  the  dancing-master 
who  teaches  Alice  Bridgenorth. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Pigeon  and  Dove  (TJie).  Prince 
Constantio  was  changed  into  a  pigeon 
and  the  princess  Constant ia  into  a  dove, 
because  they  loved,  but  were  always 
crossed  in  love.  Constantio  found  that 
Constantia  was  sold  by  his  mother  for  a 
slave,  and  in  order  to  follow  her  he  was 
converted  into  a  pigeon.  Constantia  was 
seized  by  a  giant,  and  in  order  to  escape 
him  was  changed  into  a  dove.  Cupid 
then  took  them  to  Paphos,  and  they 
became  "examples  of  a  tender  and  sin- 
cere passion  ;  and  ever  since  have  been 
the  emblems  of  love  ami  constancy." — 
Comtcsse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Talcs  ("The 
Pigeon  and  Dove,"  1682). 

Pigmy,  a  dwarf.     (See  Pygmy.) 

Pigott  Diamond  {TJw),  brought 
from  India  by  lord  Pigott.  It  weighs 
82}  carats.  In  1818  it  came  into  thr 
hands  of  Messrs.  Rundell  and  Bridge. 

Pigrogrom'itus,  a  name  alluded  to 
by  sir  Andrew  Ague-cheek. 


PIGWIGGEN. 


768 


PILGRIM'S  PROGRESS. 


In  sooth  thou  wast  in  very  gracious  fooling  last  eight 
when  thou  spokest  of  Pigrogromitus,  of  the  Vapinn 
passing  the  equinoctial  of  Queubus.  'Twas  very  good. 
1'  faith.  — Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Night,  act  ii.  sc.  3  (1614). 

Pigwig'gen,  a  fairy  knight,  whose 
amour's  with  queen  Mab,  and  furious 
combat  with  Oberon,  form  the  subject  of 
Drayton's  Nymphidia  (1593). 

Pike.  The  best  pike  in  the  world  are 
obtained  from  the  Wyth'am,  in  that 
division  of  Lincolnshire  called  Kesteven 
(in  the  west). 

fet  for  my  dainty  pike  I  [Wytham]  am  without  compare. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion.  xxv.  (1023), 

Pike  (Gideon),  valet  to  old  major 
Bellenden.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality 
(time,  Charles  II.). 

Pila'tus  (Mount),  in  Switzerland. 
The  legend  is  that  Pontius  Pilate,  being 
banished  to  Gaul  by  the  emperor 
Tiberius,  wandered  to  this  mount,  and 
flung  himself  into  a  black  lake  at  the 
summit  of  the  hill,  being  unable  to 
endure  the  torture  of  conscience  for 
having  given  up  the  Lord  to  crucifixion. 

Pilcrow,  a  mark  in  printing,  to 
attract  attention,  made  thus  \  or  EgT 

In  husbandry  matters,  where  pilcrow  ye  find. 
That  verse  appertained  to  husbandry  kind, 

T.  Tusser,  Five  Hundred  I'oinU  of  Good 
Husbandry  (1667). 

Pilgrim.  Fathers.  They  were 
102  puritans  (English,  Scotch,  and 
Dutch),  who  went,  in  December,  1620, 
in  a  ship  called  the  Mayflower,  to  North 
America,  and  colonized  Maine,  New 
Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  and 
Connecticut.  These  states  they  called 
"  New  England."  New  Plymouth  (near 
Boston)  was  the  second  colony  planted 
by  the  English  in  the  New  World. 

Men  In  the  middle  of  life,  austere  and  grave  in  deport- 
ment .  .  . 

Ctod  had  sifted  three  kingdoms  to  find  the  wheat  for  this 
planting. 
Longfellow,  Courtship  of  Miles  StandUh,  Iv.  (1853). 

Pilgrim — Palmer.  Pilgrims  had 
dwellings,  palmers  had  none.  Pilgrims 
went  at  their  own  charge,  palmers  pro- 
fessed willing  poverty  and  lived  on 
charity.  Pilgrims  might  return  to  a 
secular  life,  palmers  could  not.  Pilgrims 
might  hold  titles  and  follow  trades, 
palmers  were  wholly  "religious"  men. 

Pilgrim  to  Compostella.  Some 
pilgrims  on  their  way  to  Compostella 
•topped  at  a  hospice  in  La  Calzada.  The 
daughter  of  the  innkeeper  solicited  a 
young  Frenchman  to  spend  the  night 
with  her,  but  he  refused  ;  so  she  put  in  his 
wallet  a  silver  cup,  and  when  he  was  on 
the  road,  she  accused  hirn  to  the  alcaydo 


of  theft.  As  the  property  was  found  ia 
his  possession,  the  alcayde  ordered  him 
to  be  hung.  His  parents  went  on  their 
way  to  Compostella,  and  returned  after 
eight  days,  but  what  was  their  amaze- 
ment to  find  their  son  alive  on  the  gibbet 
and  uninjured.  They  went  instantly  to 
tell  the  alcayde ;  but  the  magistrate 
replied,  "  Woman,  you  are  mad !  I 
would  just  as  soon  believe  these  pullets, 
which  I  am  about  to  eat,  are  alive,  as  that 
a  man  who  has  been  gibbeted  eight  days 
is  not  dead."  No  sooner  had  he  spoken 
than  the  two  pullets  actually  rose  up 
alive.  The  r.lcayde  was  frightened  out 
of  his  wits,  and  was  about  to  rush  out  of 
doors,  when  the  heads  and  feathers  of  the 
birds  came  scampering  in  to  complete  the 
resuscitation.  The  cock  and  hen  were 
taken  in  grand  procession  to  St.  James's 
Church  of  Compostella,  where  they  lived 
seven  years,  and  the  hen  hatched  two 
eggs,  a  cock  and  a  hen,  which  lived  just 
6even  years  and  did  the  same.  This  has 
continued  to  this  day,  and  pilgrims 
receive  feathers  from  these  birds  as  holy 
relics  ;  but  no  matter  how  many  feathers 
are  given  away,  the  plumage  of  the 
sacred  fowls  is  never  deficient. 

Galium  caplunt  et  gallinam,  et  in  ecclesiam  traneferunt 
magna  solemnltate.  Qua  ibi  clausse  res  admirabiles  et 
Dei  potentiam  testificautes  observantur,  ubi  septenuic 
Tivunt ;  nunc  enim  termiuum  I'uus  litis  lnstituit ;  et  in 
fine  septennii  antequam  moriantur.  pullum  relinquunt  et 
pullam  nil  ColsrJa  et  magnitudinis ;  et  hoc  tit  in  ea 
ecclesia  qooUbet  septennio.  Magna  quoque  admirationi* 
est.  quod  omnes  per  hanc  urbem  transeuntes  peregrini, 
qui  sunt  innumerabiles,  galll  nujus  et  galiiiue  plumam 
caplunt,  et  nunquam  illis  plumae  deficiunt.  rrac  EfiO 
Tk-stor,  propterea  quod  VlDI  et  interfui. — Lucius  Mari- 
ne as  Siculus,  Kerum  Uispanicarum  Scriptoret,  ii.  80S 

%*  This  legend  is  also  seriously 
related  by  bishop  Patrick,  Parable  of  the 
Pilgrims,  xxxv.  430-4.  Udal  ap  Rhys 
repeats  it  in  his  Tour  through  Spain  and 
Portugal,  35-8.  It  is  inserted  in  the 
Acta  Sanctorum,  vi.  45.  Pope  Calixtus 
II.  mentions  it  among  the  miracles  of 
Santiago. 

Pilgrim's  Progress  (The),  by  John 
Bunyan.  Pt.  i.,  1678;  pt.  ii.,  1684. 
This  is  supposed  to  be  a  dream,  and  to 
allegorize  the  life  of  a  Christian,  from 
his  conversion  to  his  death.  His  doubts 
are  giants,  his  6ins  a  pack,  his  Bible  a 
chart,  his  minister  Evangelist,  his  con- 
version a  flight  from  the  City  of  De- 
struction, his  struggle  with  besetting  sins 
a  fight  with  Apollyon,  his  death,  a 
toilsome  passage  over  a  deep  stream,  and 
so  on. 

The  second  part  is  Christiana  and  her 
family    led   by   Greatheart  through   the 


PILLAR  OF  THE  DOCTORS.        769 


PINDAR. 


lame  road,  to  join  Christian,  who  had 
gone  before. 

Pillar  of  tho  Doctors  (La  CoIokm 
des  Docteurs),  William  de  Champeaux 
(*-1121). 

Pillars  of  Hercules  (The),  Calpfi 
and  Abjfta,  two  mountains,  one  in  Europe 

and  the  other  in  Africa.  CalpS  is  now 
Called  "The  Rock  of  Gibraltar,"  and 
Abyla  is  called  "The  Apes'  Hill"  or 
•'  mount  Hacho." 

Pilot  (The),  an  important  character 
and  the  title  of  a  nautical  burletta  by  E. 
Fitzball,  based  on  the  novel  so  called  by 
J.  Fenimore  Cooper  of  New  York.  "  The 
pilot"  turns  out  to  be  the  brother  of 
colonel  Howard  of  America.  He  hap- 
pened to  be  in  the  same  vessel  which 
was  taking  out  the  colonel's  wife  and  only 
son.  The  vessel  was  wrecked,  but  "the 
pilot"  (whose  name  was  John  Howard) 
saved  the  infant  boy,  and  sent  him  to 
England  to  be  brought  up,  under  the 
name  of  Barnstable.  When  young 
Barnstable  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
British  navy,  colonel  Howard  seized 
him  as  a  spv,  and  commanded  him  to  be 
hung  to  tile  yardarm  of  an  American 
frigate,  called  the  Alacrity.  At  this 
crisis,  "the  pilot"  informed  the  colonel 
that  Barnstable  was  his  own  son,  and  the 
father  arrived  just  in  time  to  save  him 
from  death. 

Pilpay',  the  Indian  ./Esop.  His  com- 
pilation waa  in  Sanskrit,  and  entitled 
Pantschatantra. 

It  was  rumoured  lie  could  say  .  .  . 
All  tlie  "  Pnblea"  at  Ptlpny. 

Longfellow,  The  WaytUU  Inn  (prelude). 

Pilum'nus,  the  patron  god  of  bakers 
and  millers,  because  he  was  the  iirst 
person  who  ever  ground  corn. 

Then  there  was  riliiinnus.  who  was  the  first  to  make 
mid  became  the  god  of  bakers.— Ouida,  Ariadnd, 
L40. 

Pimperlimpimp  (Powder),  a  worth- 
less nostrum,  used  by  quacks  and  sor- 
cerers. Swift  uses  the  word  in  his  2'alc 
of  a  Tub  (1701). 

Tills  fnmnus  doctor  \8hrr'ork]  I'lays  the  Merry 
Andrew  with  the  world,  and,  lik.'  the  powder  "  Plmper 
1c  Pimp,"  turns  up  what  trump  the  knavo  of  clubs  calls 
for. — A  lHalojue  between  Dr.  Sherlock  .  .  .  and  Dr. 
Oatet  (16!W). 

Pinabello,  son  of  Ar.sclmo  (king  of 
Maganza).  Marphi'sa  overthrew  him, 
and  told  him  he  could  not  wipe  out  the 
disgrace  till  he  had  unhorsed  a  thousand 
dames  and  a  thousand  kuights.    Pinabello 

33 


was     slain      by     Brad'amant — Ariosto, 

Orlando  Furiosu  (151G). 

Pinac,    the    lively    spirited     fellow- 
traveller  of  Mirabel  "the  wild   g 
He  is  in  love  with  the  Bprightly  Lilha- 
Bianca,  a  daughter  of  Nantolet.— 
mont  and  Fletcher,  The  WiiJ-'joose  Chase 
(1652). 

Pinch,  a  schoolmaster  and  conjurer, 
who  tries  to  exorcise  Antiph'olus  (act  iv. 
sc.  4).— Shakespeare,  Comedy  of  Errors 
(1598). 

Pinch  (Tom),  clerk  to  Mr.  Pecksniff 
"  architect  and  land  surveyor."  Simple 
as  a  child,  green  as  a  salad,  and  honest  as 
truth  itself.  Very  fond  of  story-books, 
but  far  more  so  of  the  organ.  It  was  the 
seventh  heaven  to  him  to  pull  out  th« 
stops  for  the  organist's  assistant  at  Salis- 
bury Cathedral;  but  when  allowed,  after 
service,  to  linger  the  notes  himself,  he 
lived  in  a  dream-land  of  unmu 
happiness.  Being  dismissed  from  1'eck- 
snilV's  office,  Tom  was  appointed  librarian 
to  the  Temple  library,  and  his  new 
catalogue  was  a  perfect  model  of  pen- 
manship. 

liuth  Pinch,  a  true-hearted,  pretty 
girl,  who  adores  her  brother  Tom,  and^  is 
the  sunshine  of  his  existence.  She 
marries  John  Westlock.— C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzlcwit  (1844). 

Pinchbeck  (Lady),  with  whom  don 
Juan  placed  Leila  to  be  brought  up. 

Olden  she  was— but  hail  bwn  very  vounR ; 
Virtuous  she  was— and  had  been.  1  believe  .  . . 
She  merely  now  was  amiable  and  witty. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiu  43,  4,  (1334). 

Pinchwife  (Mr.),  the  town  husband 
of  a  raw  country  girl,  wholly  unpractised 
in  the  ways  of  the  world,  and  whom  he 
watches  with  ceaseless  anxiety. 

Lady  ProKheda  .  .  .  watched  her  town  hu«band  M 
assiduously  as  Mr.  Pinchwife  watched  his  country  wife.— 
HacMilay. 

^frs.  Pinchwife,  the  counterpart  of 
Moliere'B  "Agnes,"  in  his  comedy  en- 
title! Lecole  des  Femmes.  Mrs.  Pinch- 
wife ii  a  young  woman  wholly  unsophisti- 
cated in  affairs  of  the  heart. — Wyehcrly, 
The  Country  Wife  (lt;7.r>). 

%•  Garrick  altered  Wyehcrly's  comedy 
to  The  Country  Oirl. 

Pindar  (Peter),  the  pseudonvm  of 
Dr.  John  Wolcot  (1788-1819). 

Pindar   (The   British),   Thomas    Gray 
(1716-1771 ).     On  his  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbev  is  inscribed  these  linet»: 
3  i. 


PINDAR.  770 


JTo  more  the  Grecian  muse  nnrlTalled  reign] ; 

To  Britain  let  Uie  nations  homage  pay: 
8he  felt  a  Homer's  fire  in  Milton's  strains, 

A  Pindar's  rapture  in  the  lyre  of  Gray. 

Pindar  (The  French),  (1)  Jean  Dorat 
(1507-1588);  (2)  Ponce  Denis  Lebrun 
(1719-1807). 

Pindar  ( The  Italian),  Gabriello  Chia- 
brera  (1552-1687). 

Pindar  of  England.  Cowley  was 
preposterously  called  by  the  duke  of 
Buckingham,""  The  Pindar,  Horace,  and 
Virgil  of  England."  Posterity  has  not 
endorsed  this  absurd  eulogium  (1618- 
1CG7). 

Pindar  of  Wakefield  (The), 
George-a-Green,  pinner  of  the  town  «>f 
Wakefield,  that  is,  keeper  of  the  public 
pound  for  the  confinement  of  cstravs. — 
The  History  of  Qtorge-a-Oraen,  Pindar 
of  the  'Town  of  Wakcjield  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Pindo'rus  and  Aride'us,  the  two 
heralds  of  the  Christian  army,  in  the 
siege  of  Jerusalem. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1575). 

Pine-Bender  (The),  Sinis,  the 
Corinthian  robber,  who  used  to  fasten  his 
victims  to  two  pine  trees  bent  towards 
the  earth,  and  leave  them  to  be  torn  to 
pieces  by  the  rebound. 

Pinkerton  (Miss),  a  most  majestic 
lady,  tall  aa  a  grenadier,  and  most  proper. 
Miss  Pinkerton  kept  an  academy  for 
young  ladies  on  Chiswick  Mall.  She  was 
"the  Semiramia  of  Hammersmith,  the 
friend  of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  the  corres- 
pondent of  Mrs.  Chapone."  This  very 
distinguished  lady  ''had  a  Roman  nose, 
and  wore  a  solemn  turban."  Amelia 
Sedlcy  was  educated  at  Chiswick  Mall 
academy,  and  Rebecca  Sharp  was  a  pupil 
teacher  there. — Thackerav,  Vanity  Fair, 
i.  (1848). 

Pinnit  (Orson),  keeper  of  the  bears. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilicorth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Pinto  (Ferdinand  Mendez),  a  Portu- 
guese traveller,  whose  "voyages"  were 
at  one  time  wholly  discredited,  but  have 
since  been  verified  (1509-1583). 

Ferdinand  Mendel  Pinto  was  hut  n  type  of  thee,  thoa 
liar  nf  tlie  ttrst  magnitude. — W.  Congreve,  Lov*  /or  Lovl 

Pious  (The),  Ernst  I.  founder  of 
the  house  of  Gotha  (1601-16741. 

Robert,  son  of  Ilugucs  Capet  (971, 
&96-1031). 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1 155-1 1C1). 


PIPER. 

Pip,  the  hero  of  Dickens's  novel  called 
Great  Expectations.  His  family  name 
was  Pirrip,  and  his  Christian  name 
Philip.  He  was  enriched  by  a  convict 
named  Abel  Magwitch  ;  and  was  brought 
up  by  Joe  Gargery  a  smith,  whose  wife 
was  a  woman  of  thunder  and  lightning, 
storm  and  tempest.  Magwitch,  having 
made  his  escape  to  Australia,  became 
a  sheep  farmer,  grew  very  rich,  and 
deposited  £500  a  year  with  Mr.  Jaggers, 
a  lawyer,  for  the  education  of  Pip  and  to 
make  a  gentleman  of  him.  Ultimately, 
Pip  married  Estella,  the  daughter  of 
Magwitch,  but  adopted  from  infancy  by 
Miss  Havisham,  a  rich  banker's  daughter. 
His  friend  Herbert  Pocket  used  to  call 
him  "  Handel." — C.  Dickens,  Great  Ex- 
pectations (1800). 

Pipchin  (Mrs.),  an  exceedingly 
"  wt  11 -connected  lady,"  living  at  Brigh- 
ton, where  she  kept  an  establishment  for 
the  training  of  enfants.  Her  "  respect- 
ability "  chiefly  consisted  in  the  circum- 
stance of  her  husband  having  broken  bis 
heart  in  pumping  water  out  of  some 
Peruvian  mines  (that  is,  in  having  in- 
vested in  these  mines  and  been  let  in). 
Mrs.  Pipchin  was  an  ill-favoured  old 
woman,  with  mottled  checks  and  grey 
eyes.  She  was  given  to  buttered  toast 
and  sweetbreads,  but  kept  her  enfants  on 
the  plainest  possible  fare. — C.  Dickens, 
Domlcy  and  Son  (1846). 

Pipe  (The  Queen's),  the  dock  kiln  in 
the  centre  of  the  great  east  vault  of  the 
wine-cellars  of  the  London  docks.  This 
kiln  is  the  place  where  useless  and 
damaged  goods  that  have  not  paid  duty 
are  burnt. 

Pipe  and  Dance.  As  you  pipe  J 
must  diince,  I  must  accommodate  myself 
to  your  wishes.  To  "pipe  another 
dance "  is  to  change  one's  bearing,  to 
put  out  of  favour.  J.  Skelton,  speaking 
of  the  clergy,  says  their  pride  no  man  could 
tolerate,  for  they  "would  rule  king  and 
kayscr,"  and  "  bryng  all  to  nought ;  "  but, 
if  kings  and  nobles,  instead  of  wasting 
their  time  on  hunting  and  hawking, 
would  attend  to  politics,  he  says  : 

They  would  pype  you  another  daunce. 

Cutyn  Clout  114S0-1K9). 

Piper  ( Tom),  one  of  the  characters  in 
a  morris-dance. 

So  hare  I  teen 
Tom  Piper  stand  ujon  our  Tillage  green. 
Backed  »a).  to*  Mai -pole. 

William  Browne,  shepherfi  Pip*  (18l4> 

Piper  [Paddy  the),  an  Irish  piper,  sap 


PIPER  OF  HAMELIN. 


771  PISISTRATOS  AND  HIS  TWO  SONS 


posed  to  have  been  eaten  by  a  cow. 
Going  along  one  night  during  the 
"  troubles,"  he  knocked  his  head  against 
the  body  of  a  dead  man  dangling  from 
a  tree.  The  sight  of  the  "  iligant"  boots 
was  too  great  a  temptation  ;  and  as  they 
refused  to  come  off  without  the  legs, 
Paddy  took  them  too,  and  sought  shelter 
for  the  night  in  a  cowshed.  The  moon 
rose,  and  Paddy,  mistaking  the  moon- 
light lor  the  dawn,  started  for  the  fair, 
having  drawn  on  the  boots  and  left  the 
"legs"  behind.  At  daybreak,  some  of 
the  piper's  friends  tvent  in  search  of  him, 
and  found,  to  their  horror,  that  the  cow, 
as  they  supposed,  had  devoured  him 
with  the  exception  of  his  legs — clothes, 
bags,  and  all.  They  were  horror-struck, 
and  of  course  the  cow  was  condemned  to 
be  sold  ;  but  while  driving  her  to  the 
fair,  they  were  attracted  by  the  strains 
of  a  piper  coming  towards  them.  The 
cow  startled,  made  a  bolt,  with  a  view, 
as  it  was  supposed,  of  making  a  meal  on 
another  piper.  "  Help,  help  ! "  they 
Bhouted ;  when  Paddy  himself  ran  to 
their  aid.  The  mystery  was  soon  ex- 
plained over  a  drop  of  the  "cratur,"  and 
the  cow  was  taken  home  again. — S. 
Lover,  Legends  and  Stories  of  Ireland 
(1834). 

Piper  of  Hamelin  (The  Pied), 
Bunting,  who  first  charmed  the  rats  of 
Hamelin  into  the  Weser,  and  then  allured 
the  children  (to  the  number  of  130)  to 
Koppenberg  Hill,  which  opened  upon 
them.    (See  Pied  Piper  of  Hamelin.) 

Piperman,  the  factotum  of  Chalomel 
chemist  and  druggist.  He  was  "  so 
handy  "  that  he  was  never  at  his  post ; 
and  being  "  so  handy,"  he  took  ten  times 
the  trouble  of  doing  anything  that  another 
would  need  to  bestow.  For  the  self- 
same reason,  he  stumbled  and  blundered 
about,  muddled  and  marred  everything  he 
touched,  and  "jeing  a  J ack-of -all-trades 
was  master  of  none. 

There  has  been  an  accident  because  I  am  so  handy.  I 
went  to  the  dairy  at  ■  bound,  came  b:ick  at  another,  anil 
fell  down  in  tho  open  street,  where  1  spilt  the  milk.  1  tried 
to  bale  it  up— no  «o.  Then  I  ran  back  or  ran  home,  I 
forget  which,  and  left  the  money  somewhere  ;  and  then, 
in  fact,  I  have  been  tour  times  to  and  fro.  because  I  am  so 
'landy. — J.  It.  Ware,  Pipermarit  Prtdleament. 

Pipes  (Tom),  a  retired  boatswain's 
mate,  living  with  commodore  Trunnion 
to  keep  the  servants  in  order.  Tom  Pipes 
is  noted  for  his  taciturnity. — Tobias 
Smollett,  The  Adventures  of  Peregrine 
Pickle  (1751). 

(The  incident  of  Tom  Pipes  concealing 


in  his  shoe  his  master's  letter  to  Emilia 
was  suggested  by  Ovid. 

Cum  posslt  solea  chartas  celare  ligatas, 
Et  finch)  blandas  sub  j.ede  ferre  notas. 

Art  of  Low.) 

Pirate  ( The),  a  novel  by  sir  W.  Scott 
(1821).  In  this  novel  we.  are  introduced 
to  the  wild  sea  scenery  of  the  Shetlands  ; 
the  primitive  manners  of  the  old  udaller 
Magnu3  Troil,  and  his  fair  daughters 
Minna  and  Brenda :  lovely  pictures, 
drawn  with  nice  discrimination,  and  most 
interesting. 

***  A  udaller  is  one  who  holds  his 
lands  on  allodial  tenure. 

Pirner  (John),  a  fisherman  at  Old  St. 
Ronan's. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  St,  lionaris  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Pisa.  The  banner  of  Pisa  is  a  cross 
on  a  crimson  field,  said  to  have  been 
brought  from  heaven  by  Michael  the 
archangel,  and  delivered  by  him  to  St. 
Efeso,  the  patron  saint  of  that  city. 

Pisailio,  servant  of  Posthu'mus. 
Being  sent  to  murder  Imogen  the  wife  of 
Posthumus,  he  persuades  her  to  escape  to 
Milford  Haven  in  boy's  clothes,  and  sends 
a  bloody  napkin  to  Posthumus,  to  make 
him  believe  that  she  has  been  murdered. 
Ultimately,  Imogen  becomes  reconciled 
to  her  husband.  (See  Posthumus.) — 
Shakespeare,  Cymbcline  (1605). 

Pisis'tratos  of  Athens,  being  asked 
by  his  wife  to  punish  with  death  a  young 
man  who  had  dared  to  kiss  their  daughter, 
replied,  "How  shall  we  requite  those  who 
wish  us  evil,  if  we  condemn  to  death  those 
who  love  us?"  This  anecdote  is  referred 
to  by  Dante,  in  his  Purgatory,  xv. — 
Valerius  Maximus,  Memorable  Acts  and 
Sayings,  v. 

Pisis'tratos  and  His  Two  Sons. 
The  history  of  Pisistratos  and  hi*  two 
sons  is  repeated  in  that  of  Cosmo  de 
Medici  of  Florence  and  his  two  grand- 
sons. It  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  more 
striking  parallel,  whether  we  regard  the 
characters  or  the  incidents  of  the  two 
families. 

Pisist  ratos  was  a  great  favourite  of  the 
Athenian  populace  ;  so  was  Cosmo  de 
Medici  with  the  populace  of  Florence. 
l'isistratos  was  banished,  but,  being  re- 
called by  the  people,  was  raised  to  sove- 
reign power  in  the  republic  of  Athens  ; 
so  l  losmo  was  banished,  but,  being  recalled 
bv  the  people,  was  raised  to  supreme 
power  in  the  republic  of  Florence.  Pisis- 
tratos   was   just   and    merciful,    a    great 


PISTOL. 


772 


PIZARRO. 


patron  of  literature,  and  spent  large  sums 
of  money  in  beautifying  Athens  with 
architecture  ;  the  same  may  be  said  oi 
Cosmo  de  Medici.  To  Pisistratos  we  owe 
the  poems  of  Homer  in  a  connected  form  ; 
and  to  Cosmo  we  owe  the  best  literature 
of  Europe,  for  he  spent  fortunes  in  the 
copying  of  valuable  MSS.  The  two 
pons  of  Pisistratos  were  Ilipparchos  and 
Hippias;  and  the  two  grandsons  of 
Cosmo  were  Guiliano  and  Lorenzo.  Two 
of  the  most  honoured  citizens  of  Athens 
(llarmodios  and  Aristogiton)  conspired 
against  the  sons  of  Pisistratos — Hipparchos 
was  assassinated,  but  Hippias  escaped  ;  so 
Francesco  Pazzi  and  the  archbishop  of  Pisa 
conspired  against  the  grandsons  of  Cosmo 
— Guiliano  was  assassinated,  but  Lorenzo 
escaped.  In  both  cases  it  was  the  elder 
brother  who  fell,  and  the  younger  which 
escaped.  Hippias  quelled  the  tumult,  and 
succeeded  in  placing  himself  at  the  head 
of  Athens  ;  so  did  Lorenzo  in  Florence. 

Pistol,  in  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor 
and  the  two  parts  of  Henry  IV.,  is  the 
ancient  or  ensign  of  captain  sir  John 
Falstaif.  Peto  is  his  lieutenant,  and  Bar- 
dolph  his  corporal.  Peto  being  removed 
(probably  killed),  we  find  in  Henry  P., 
Pistol  is  lieutenant,  Bardolph  ancient,  and 
Nym  corporal.  Pistol  is  also  introduced 
as  married  to  Mistress  Nell  Quickly, 
hostess  of  the  tavern  in  Eastchcap.  Both 
Pistol  and  his  wife  die  before  the  play  is 
over;  so  does  sir  John  Falstaif;  Bardolph 
and  Nym  are  both  hanged.  Pistol  is  a 
model  bully,  wholly  unprincipled,  and 
utterly  despicable;  but  he  treated  his  wife 
kindly,  and  she  was  certainly  fond  of 
him. — Shakespeare. 

His  f  Phtol't)  courage  is  boasting,  his  learning  ignorance, 
his  ability  weakness,  ami  his  end  beggary. — Dr.  Lodge. 

(His  end  was  not  "  beggary  ; "  as  host 
of  the  tavern  in  Easteheap,  he  seems 
much  more  respectable,  and  better  off 
than  before.  Theophilus  Gibber  (1703— 
1758;  was  the  best  actor  of  this  part.) 

Pistris,  the  sea-monster  sent  to  devour 
Androm'eda.  It  had  a  dragon's  head  and 
a  fish's  tail. — Aratus,  Commentaries. 

Pithyrian  [_Pi.thirry.anY,  a  pagan  of 
Antiodt.  He  had  one  daughter,  named 
Mara'na,  who  was  a  Christian.  A  young 
dragon  of  most  formidable  character  in- 
fested the  city  of  Antioch,  and  demanded 
a  virgin  to  be  sent  out  daily  for  its  meal. 
The  Antioch'eans  cast  lots  for  the  first 
victim,  and  tbo  lot  fell  on  Marana,  who 
was  led  forth  in  grand  procession  as  the 
victim  of  the  dragon.     Pithyrian,  in  dis- 


traction, rushed  into  a  Christian  church, 
and  fell  before  an  image  which  attracted 
his  attention,  at  the  base  of  which  was 
the  real  arm  of  a  saint.  The  sacristan 
handed  the  holy  relic  to  Pithyrian,  who 
kissed  it,  and  then  restored  it  to  the 
sacristan  ;  but  the  servitor  did  not  observe 
that  a  thumb  was  missing.  Off  ran 
Pithyrian  with  the  thumb,  and  joined  his 
daughter.  On  came  the  dragon,  with  tail 
erect,  wings  extended,  and  mouth  wide 
open,  when  Pithyrian  threw  into  the 
gaping  jaws  the  "  sacred  thumb."  Down 
fell  the  tail,  the  wings  drooped,  the  jaws 
were  locked,  and  up  rose  the  dragon  into 
the  air  to  the  height  of  three  miles,  when 
it  blew  up  into  a  myriad  pieces.  So  the 
lady  was  rescued,  Antioch  delivered  ;  and 
the  relic,  minus  a  thumb,  testifies  the  fact 
of  this  wonderful  miracle. — Southey, 
The  Young  Dragon  (Spanish  legend). 

Pitt  Bridge.  Blackfriars  Bridge, 
London,  was  so  called  by  Robert  Mylne, 
its  architect ;  but  the  public  would  not 
accept  the  name. 

Pitt  Diamond  (TJic),  the  sixth 
largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world.  It 
weighed  410  carats  uncut,  and  13Gf  carats 
cut.  It  once  belonged  to  Mr.  Pitt,  grand- 
father of  the  famous  earl  of  Chatham. 
The  duke  of  Orleans,  regent  of  France, 
bought  it  for  £135, 000,  whence  it  is  often 
called  "The  Regent."  The  French  re- 
public sold  it  to  Treskon,  a  merchant  of 
Berlin.  Napoleon  I .  bought  it  to  ornament 
his  sword.  It  now  belongs  to  the  king  of 
Prussia.     (See  Diamonds.) 

Pixie-Stools,  toad-stools  for  the 
fairies  to  sit  on,  when  they  are  tired  of 
dancing  in  the  fairy-ring. 

Pizarro,  a  Spanish  adventurer,  who 
made  war  on  Atali'ba  inca  of  Fern. 
Elvi'ra,  mistress  of  Pizarro,  vainly  ea- 
deavoured  to  soften  his  cruel  heart.  Be- 
fore the  battle,  Alonzo  the  husband  ol 
Cora  confided  his  wife  and  chL  1  to 
Rolla,  the  beloved  friend  of  the  jnca. 
The  Peruvians  were  on  the  point  of 
being  touted,  when  Rolla  came  to  the 
rescue,  and  redeemed  the  day  ;  but  Alonzo 
was  made  a  prisoner  of  war.  Rolla, 
thinking  Alonzo  to  be  dead,  proposed  to 
Cora;  but  she  declined  his  suit,  and 
having  heard  that  her  husband  had  fallen 
into  tlie  hands  of  the  Spaniard*,  she  im- 
plored Rolla  to  set  him  free.  Accordingly, 
he  entered  the  prison  where  Alonzo  was 
confined,  and  changed  clothes  with  him, 
but  Elvira  liberated  him  on  condition  that 


PIZARRO. 


773 


PLAIN  DEALER. 


he  would  kill  Pizarro.  Rolla  found  his 
•Demy  sleeping  in  Mis  tent,  spared  his 
life,  and  made  him  hi*  mend.  The 
infant  child  of  Cora  being  lust,  Rolla 
recovered  it,  and  was  bo  Beverely  wounded 
in  this  heroic  act  that  he  died,  Pizarro 
was  slain  in  combat  by  AlonBO  ;  Elvira 
retired  to  a  convent ;  and  the  play  ends 
with  a  grand  funeral  march,  in  which  the 
dead  body  of  Rolla  is  borne  to  the  tomb. 
— Sheridan,  Pizarro  (1811). 

The  sentiments  of  loyalty  uttered  by  "Rolla"  had  «c 
good  an  effect,  that  when  the  duke  of  yuecnsherry  asked 
wii}  the  rtocka  bad  (alien,  ■  stock-jobber  replied.  "We- 
Cause  they  bave  hit  off  playing  I'uurru  at  Drury  Lane." — 

(Sheridan's  drama  of  Pizarro  is  taken 
from  that  of  Kotzebue,  but  there  are 
Beveral  alterations:  Thus,  Sheridan  makes 
Pizarro  killed  by  Alonzo,  which  is  a 
departure  both  from  Kotzebue  and  also 
from  historic  truth.  Pizarro  lived  to 
conquer  Peru,  and  was  assassinated  in  his 
palace  at  Lima  by  the  son  of  his  friend 
Almagro.) 

Pizarro,  "  the  ready  tool  of  fell  Velas- 

?uez'    crimes." — R.    Jephson,    Bratjanza 
1775). 

Pizarro,  the  governor  of  the  State  prison 
in  which  Fernando  Florestan  was  confined. 
Fernando's  young  wile,  in  boy'a  attire, 
and  under  the  name  of  Fidelio,  became 
the  servant  of  Pi/.arro,  who,  resolving  to 
murder  Fernando,  sent  Fidelio  ami  Rocco 
(the  jailer)  to  dig  his  grave.  Pi/.arro 
was  just  about  to  deal  the  fatal  blow, 
when  the  minister  of  state  arrived,  and 
commanded  the  prisoner  to  be  set  free. 
— Peethoven,  Fidelio  (17!)1). 

Place'bo,  one  of  the  brothers  of 
January  the  old  baron  of  Lombardy. 
When  January  held  a  family  conclave  to 
know  whether  he  should  marry,  Plac<  bo 
told  him  "to  please  himself,  and  do  as 
he  liked." — Chaucer,  Canterbury  Talcs 
("The  Merchant's  Tale,"  1388). 

Placid  (-I/'".),  a  hen-pecked  husband, 
who    is    roused    at    last    to    be    somewhat 

more  manly,  but  could  never  bfl  better 
than  "a  boiled  rabbit  without  oyster 
sauce."    (See  Pliant,  p.  77t>.) 

Mrs.  Putrid,  the  lady  paramount  of  the 
bouse,  who  looked  quite  aghast  if  her 
husband  expressed  a  wish  of  his  own,  or 
attempted  to  do  an  independent  act. — 
Inchbald,  Every  One  has  His  Fault  (1794). 

Plac'idas,  the  exact  fac-simile  of  his 
friend  Ami-is.  Having  beard  ol  bis 
friend's  captivity,  be  went  to  release 
him,  aud   being  ue'.ected  ur.  the  garden, 


was  mistaken  by  Corflambo's  dwarf  for 
Amias.  The  dwarf  went  and  told  Psea'na 
(the  daughter  of  Corflambo,  "  fair  as  ever 
_\eL  saw  living  eye.  but   too   loose   of   life 

and  eke  of  love  too  light").  Placidas 
was  sei/.ed  and  brought  before  the  lady, 
who  Loved  Amias,  but  her  love  was  not 
requited.  When  Placidas  stood  before 
her,  she  thought  he  was  Amias,  and 
great  was  her  delight  to  find  her  b>vo 
returned.  She  married  Placidas,  re- 
formed her  ways,  "and  all  men  much 
admired  the  change,  and  spake  her 
praise." — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iv.  8,  9 
(15-JG). 

Plagiary  (Sir  Fretful),  a  play- 
wright, whose  dramas  are  mere  plagiar- 
isms from  "the  refuse  of  ol 
volumes."  He  pretends  to  be  rather 
pleased  with  criticism,  but  is  sorely  irri- 
tated thereby.  Richard  Cumberland 
(1732-1K11),  noted  for  his  vanity  and 
irritability,  was  the  model  of  this 
racter. — Sheridan,   'The  Critic,  i.  1  (177'.i). 

HerrictC  who  had  no  occasion  to  steal,  has  taken  thU 
Image  from  Buckling,  ami  ipoUi  it  In  the  theft.  Like  »ir 
Fretful  Plagiary,  Berrick  bad  not  ^kill  to  steal  *ttb  tastSL 
— ;;.  Chambers,  KnffHah  Uteraturt,  i.  134. 

William  Parsons  [lTJO-171'5]  was  the  original  "sir  KraV 
ful  Plagiary."  and  from  bit  delineation  moat  ol  onr  modern 
aetors  ha\u  borrowed  their  idea. — J.i/e  t/ Xltmidan. 

Plague  of  London  (lGoo).  08,586 
persons  died  thereof. 

Plaid3  et  Gieux  sous  POrmel, 
a  society  formed  by  the  troubadours  of 
Picardy  in  the  latter  half  of  the  twelfth 
century.  It  consisted  of  knights  and 
ladies  of  the  highest  rank,  exercised  and 
approved  in  courtesy,  who  assumed  an 
absolute  judicial  power  in  matters  of  tho 
most  delicate  nature  ;  trying,  witli  the 
most  consummate  ceremony,  all  causes 
in  love  brought  before  their  tribunals. 

This  was  similar  to  the  "Court  of 
Love,"  established  about  the  same  time 
by  the  troubadours  of  Provence. —  Uni- 
versal Magazine  (March,  1792), 

Plain  (The),  the  level  door  of  tin 
National  Convention  of  Franca,  occupied 
by  the  Girondists  or  moderate  repub- 
licans. The  red  republicans  occupied 
the  higher  B<  I  "  the  mountain." 

By  a  figure  of  speech,  the  tiirondist 
party  was  called  "the  plain,"  and  the 

red  republican  party  "the  mountain." 

Plain  and  Perspicuous  DoctoJ 
( y ',.  i,  Walter  Burleigh  (1275  1367). 

Plain  Dealer  ( The),  a  comedy  by 
William  Wycherly  (1677). 

The  counter  of  Ltrotheda  .      .  Inquired  for  tho  rVaffl 


PLANET  OF  LOVE. 


774    PLEASURES  OF  IMAGINATION. 


Dealer  "  Madam."  said  Mr.  Fairbeard.  ...  "there  he 
bulbing  Mr.  Wycherly  towards  her.-C.bber.  Lxvet  of 
the  Foett.  iii.  252. 

("Wycherly  married  the  countess  in 
1680.  She  died  soon  afterwards,  leaving 
him  the  whole  of  her  fortune.) 

Planet  of  Love,  Venus.  So  called 
by  Tennyson,  Maud,  I.  xxii.  2  (1855). 

Plantagenet  (Lady  Edith),  a  kins- 
woman of  Richard  I.  She  marries  the 
prince  roval  of  Scotland  (called  sir 
Kenneth  knight  of  the  Leopard,  or 
David  earl  of  Huntingdon).— Sir  \\ . 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Plantain  or  Planta'go,  the  favour- 
ite food  of  asses.  It  is  very  astringent, 
and  excellent  for  cuts  and  open  sores. 
Plantain  leaves  bruised,  and  rubbed  on 
the  part  affected,  will  instantly  relieve 
the  pain  and  reduce  the  swelling  occa- 
sioned bv  the  bite  or  sting  of  insects. 
The  Highlanders  ascribe  great  virtues 
to  the  plantain  in  healing  all  sorts  of 
wounds,  and  call  it  slan-lus  ("  the  healing 
plant").— Lightfoot. 

The  hermit  gathers  .  .  .  plantane  for  a  sore. 

Drayton.  Polj/olbion.  xiiL  (1613). 

Plato.  The  mistress  of  this  philo- 
sopher was  Archianassa ;  of  Aristotle, 
Hepyllis;  and  of  Epicurus,  Leontiuni. 
(See  Loveks,  p.  573.) 

Plato  (The  German),  Friedrich  Hein- 
rich  Jacobi  (1743-1819). 

Plato  (The  Jewish),  Philo  Judaeus  (fl. 
•>n_40). 

Plato  (TJw  Puritan),  John  Howe  (1630- 
1706). 

Plato  and  the  Bees.  It  is  said 
that  when  Plato  was  an  infant,  bees 
Bettled  on  his  lips  while  he  was  asleep, 
indicating  that  he  would  become  famous 
for  his  "honeyed  words."  The  same 
Btory  is  told  of  Sophocles  also. 

And  as  when  Plato  did  i'  the  cradle  thrive. 

Bees  to  his  lips  brought  honey  from  the  hive : 

Bo  to  this  \y,y[Boridon\  they  came— 1  know  notwhether 

They  brought  or  from  Ins  lips  did  honey  gather. 

W.  Browne,  BritannUCt  J'attoraU.  II.  (1613). 

Plato  and  Homer.  Plato  greatly 
admired  Homer,  but  excluded  him  from 
his  ideal  republic. 

Plato,  'tis  true,  great  Homer  doth  commend. 
Yet  from  his  common-weal  did  him  exile 
Lend  Brooke,  JnuuUUion  upon  fame,  etc.  (1561-1628). 

Plato  and  Poets. 

1'lsio,  anticipating  the  Reviewers, 

From  his  "republic,"  banished  without  pity 

Ibe  poets. 

Longfellow,  The  Poet't  Tale. 


Plato's  Year,  25,000  Julian  years. 

Cut  out  more  work  than  can  be  done 
In  Plato's  year. 

S.  Butler,  Eudibrat,  Ui.  1  11678). 

Platonic  Bodies,  the  five  regular 
geometrical  solids  described  by  Plato, 
all  of  which  are  bounded  by  like,  equal, 
and  regular  planes.  The  four-sided,  the 
6ix-sided,  the  eight-sided,  the  ten-sided, 
and  the  twenty-sided ;  or  the  square, 
hexagon,  octagon,  decagon,  and  icosa- 
hedron. 

Platonic  Love,  the  innocent  friend- 
ship of  opposite  sexes,  wholly  divested 
of  all  animal  or  amorous  passion. 

The  noblest  kind  of  love  Is  love  platonical. 

Byron.  Don  Juan.  U.  76  (1824). 

Platonic  Puritan  (The),  John 
Howe,  the  puritan  divine  (1630-170C). 

Plausible  (Counsellor)  and  serjeant 
Eitherside,  two  pleaders  in  The  Man  of 
the  World,  by  C.  Macklin  (1764). 

Pleasant  (Mrs.),  in  The  Parson's 
Wedding,  by  Tom  Killigrew  (1664), 

Pleasure  (.A  New). 

Tis  said  that  Xerxes  offered  a  reward 
To  those  who  could  invent  him  a  new  pleasure. 
B)rou,  Dan  Juan.  L  108  (1819). 

Pleasures  of  Hope,  a  poem  in  two 
parts,  by  Thomas  Campbell  (1799).  It 
opens  with  a  comparison  between  the 
beauty  of  scenery  and  the  ideal  enchant- 
ments of  fancy  in  which  hope  is  never 
absent,  but  can  sustain  the  seaman  on. his 
watch,  the  soldier  on  his  march,  and 
Byron  in  his  perilous  adventures.  The 
hope  of  a  mother,  the  hope  of  a  prisoner, 
the  hope  of  the  wanderer,  the  grand  hope 
of  the  patriot,  the  hope  of  regenerating 
uncivilized  nations,  extending  liberty, 
and  ameliorating  the  condition  of  the 
poor.  Pt.  ii.  speaks  of  the  hope  of 
love,  and  the  hope  of  a  future  state, 
concluding  with  the  episode  of  Conrad 
and  Ellenore.  Conrad  was  a  felon,  trans- 
ported to  New  South  Wales,  but,  though 
"  a  martyr  to  his  crimes,  was  true  to  his 
daughter."  Soon,  he  says,  he  shall  return 
to  the  dust  from  which  he  was  taken ; 

But  not,  my  child,  with  life's  precarious  fire. 
The  immortal  ties  of  Nature  shrill  expire; 
These  shall  resist  the  triumph  of  decay. 
When  time  is  o'er,  and  worlds  have  passed  aww. 
Cold  In  the  dust  this  perished  heart  nu>  He, 
But  that  which  warmed  it  once  shall  never  die*- 
That  spark,  unburled  in  its  mortal  frame, 
With  living  light,  eternal,  and  the  same. 
Shall  beam  on  Joy's  interminable  years. 
Unveiled  by  darkness,  miassuaged  by  tears. 

Pt  B 

Pleasures  of  Imagination,  t 
poem  in  three  books,  by  Akenside  (1744). 


PLEASURES  OF  MEMOR1. 


lib 


PLEYDELL. 


AH  the  pleasures  of  imagination  arise 
from  the  perception  of  greatness,  wonder- 
fulness,  or  beauty.  The  beauty  of  great- 
ness— witness  the  pleasure  of  mountain 
scenery,  of  astronomy,  of  infinity.  The 
pleasure  of  what  is  wonderful — witness 
the  delight  of  novelty,  of  the  revelations 
of  science,  of  tales  of  fancy.  The  plea- 
sure of  beauty,  which  is  always  connected 
with  truth — the  beauty  of  colour,  shape, 
and  so  on,  in  natural  objects  ;  the  beauty 
of  mind  and  the  moral  faculties.  Bk. 
ii.  contemplates  accidental  pleasures  aris- 
ing from  contrivance  and  design,  emotion 
and  passion,  such  as  sorrow,  pity,  terror, 
and  indignation.  Bk.  iii.  Morbid  ima- 
gination the  parent  of  vice ;  the  benelit3 
of  a  well-trained  imagination. 

(The  first  book  is  by  far  the  best.  Aken- 
side  recast  his  poem  in  maturer  life,  but 
no  one  thinks  he  improved  it  by  so  doing. 
The  first  or  original  cast  is  the  only  one 
read,  and  parts  of  the  first  book  are  well 
known.) 

Pleasures  of  Memory,  a  poem  in 
two  parts,  by  Samuel  Rogers  (1793).  The 
first  part  is  restricted  to  the  pleasure  of 
memory  afforded  by  the  five  senses,  as 
that  arising  from  visiting  celebrated 
places,  and  that  afforded  by  pictures. 
Ft.  ii.  goes  into  the  pleasures  of  the 
mind,  as  imagination,  and  memory  of  past 
griefs  and  dangers.  The  poem  concludes 
with  the  supposition  that  in  the  life  to 
come  this  faculty  will  be  greatly  en- 
larged. The  episode  is  this :  Florio,  a 
young  sportsman,  accidentally  met  Julia 
•  in  a  grot,  and  followed  her  home,  when 
her  father,  a  rich  squire,  welcomed  him 
as  his  guest,  and  talked  with  delight  of 
his  younger  days  when  hawk  and  hound 
were  his  joy  of  joys.  Florio  took  Julia 
for  a  sail  on  the  lake,  but  the  vessel  was 
capsized,  and  though  Julia  was  saved 
from  the  water,  she  died  on  being  brought 
to  shore.  It  was  Florio's  delight  to  haunt 
the  places  which  Julia  frequented  : 

Her  charm  Around  the  enchantrrs;  Memory  threw, 
A  charm  that  sooUies  the  wind  unJ  sweetens  too. 

1't.  11. 

Pleiads  (Tfic),  a  cluster  of  seven 
stars  in  the  constellation  Taurus,  and 
applied  to  a  cluster  of  seven  celebrated 
contemporaries.  The  stars  were  the 
seven  daughters  of  Atlas:  Mala,  Electra, 
Taygete  (4  s;/L),  Asterope,  MerSpfi, 
AlcyonO,  and  Celeno. 

The  Pleiad  of  Alexandria  consisted  of 
Callimachos,  Apollonioa  Rhodios,  Ara- 
tos,  Homer  the  Younger,  Lycophron, 
Kicander,  and  Theocritos.     All  of  Alex- 


andria, in   the  time  of   Ptolemy  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  Pleiad  of  Charlemagne  consisted  of 
Alcuin,  called  "Albinus;"  Angilbert, 
called  "Homer;"  Adelard,  called 
"Augustine;"  Riculfe,  called  "  Da- 
m.xtas;"  Varnefrid ;  Eginhard  ;  and 
Charlemagne  himself,  who  was  called 
«  David." 

Tlxe  First  French  Pleiad (sixteentn  cen- 
tury) :  Ronsard,  Joachim  do  Bellay, 
Antoine  de  Bai'f,  Remi-Belleau,  Jodelle 
Ponthus  de  Thiard  and  the  seventh  it 
either  Dorat  or  Anadis  de  Jamyn.  All 
under  Henri  III. 

T/ie  Second  French  Pleiad  (seventeenth 
century)  :  Rapin,  Commire,  Larue,  San- 
teuil,  Menage,  Duperier,  and  Petit. 

We  haw  also  our  English  clusters. 
There  were  those  born  in  the  second  half 
of  the  sixteenth  century  :  Spenser  - 
Drayton (1563),  Shakespeare  and  Marlowe 
(1564),  Ben  Jonson  (1574),  Fletcher 
[1576),  Massinger  (1585),  Beaumont 
(Fletcher's  colleague)  and  Ford  (1586). 
Besides  these,  there  were  Tusser  (1515), 
Raleigh  (1552),  sir  Philip  Sidney  (1554), 
Phineas  Fletcher  (1584),  Herbert  (1593), 
and  several  others. 

Another  cluster  came  a  century  later : 
Prior  (1GG4),  Swift  (1667).  Addison  and 
Congreve  (1()7"2),  Howe  (lt'>7;;),  Farqu- 
har  (1(578),  Young  (lo84),  Gay  and  Pope 
(U\*K),  Macklin  (16901. 

These  were  bom  in  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century:  Sheridan  (1751), 
Crabbe  (1754),  Burns  (1759),  Rogers 
(1763),  Wordsworth  (1770),  Scott  (1771), 
Coleridge  (1772),  Southey  (1774),  Camp- 
bell (1777).  Moore  (1779),  Byron  (17881, 
Shelley  andKeble(1792),andKeats(1796). 
Butler  (1600),  Milton  (1608),  and 
Dryden    (1630)   came   between   th  I 

and  second  clusters.  Thomson  (1700), 
Gray  (1717),  Collins  (1720),  Akenside 
(17-il),  Goldsmith  (1728),  and  Cowjper 
(17IJ1),  between  the  second  and  the  third. 

Pleonec'tes  (4  syl.),  CovetousneM 
personified  in  The  Purple  Island,  bv 
Phineas  Fletcher  (16831.     "  His  gold  his 

god"  ...  he  "much  fears  to  keep, 
much  more  to  lose  his  his!  in:.'."  Fully 
described  in  canto  viii.  (Creek,  plco- 
ncktcs,  "covetous.") 

Pleydell  {Mr,  Paulus),  an  advocate 
in  Edinburgh,  shrewd  and  witty.  He 
was  at.  one  time  the  sheriff  at  l'llan- 
gowan. 

Mr.  ooonMQoi  Pl.'v.UlI  wa.«  a  lively,  sharjv-looelna. 
gentleman,  with  a  profeHtonal  •hravdnea  l"  his  mv, 
and,  genenUl  limiting,  n  (jrufeiaiuu-d  furmality  In  ki» 


PLIABLE. 


776 


PLOUSINA. 


manner ;  but  this  he  could  slip  off  on  a  Saturday  evening, 
when  ...  he  joined  in  the  ancient  pastime  of  High 
Jinks.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manncrimj,  xxxix.  (time, 
George  II.). 

Pliable,  a  neighbour  of  Christian, 
whom  he  accompanied  as  far  as  the 
"  Slough  of  Despond,"  when  he  turned 
back.  —  Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  i. 
(1678). 

Pliant  (Sir  Paul),  a  hen-pecked 
husband,  who  dares  not  even  touch  a 
letter  addressed  to  himself  till  my  lady 
has  read  it  first.  His  perpetual  oath  is 
"  Gadsbud  !  "  He  is  such  a  dolt  that  he 
would  not  believe  his  own  eyes  and  ears, 
if  they  bore  testimony  against  his  wife's 
fidelity  and  continencv.  (See  Placid, 
p.  773.) 

Samuel  Foote  [1721-1777]  attempted  the  part  of  "  sir 
Paul  Pliant,"  but  nothing  could  be  worse.  However,  the 
people  laughed  heartily,  and  that  he  thought  was  a  full 
approbation  of  his  grotesque  i>crfoniuince. — T.  Havics. 

Lady  Pliant,  second  wife  of  sir  Paul. 
<l  She's  handsome,  and  knows  it ;  is  very 
silly,  and  thinks  herself  wise  ;  has  a 
choleric  old  husband  "  very  fond  of  her, 
but  whom  she  rules  with  spirit,  and  snubs 
,: afore  folk."  My  lady  says,  "If  one 
has  once  sworn,  it  is  most  unchristian, 
inhuman,  and  obscene  that  one  should 
break  it."  Her  conduct  with  Mr.  Care- 
less is  most  reprehensible. — Congreve, 
17te  Double  Dealer  (16'J-l). 

Those  who  renicn:l>er  the  "lady  Pliant"  of  Margaret 
Wofflngton  1 1718-1780],  will  recollect  with  pleasure  her 
Whimsical  discovery  of  passion,  and  her  awkwardly  aa- 
Bumed  prudery. — T.  Davies. 

Pliny  (The  German)  or  "Modern 
Plinv^"  Konrad  von  Gesner  of  Zurich, 
who  wrote  Historia  Animalium,  etc.  (1516- 
1565} 

Pliny  of  the  East,  Zakarija  ibn 
Muhammed,  surnamed  "  Kazwini,"  from 
Kazwin,  the  place  of  his  birth.  He  is  so 
called  by  De  Sacy  (1200-1283). 

Plon-Plon,  prince  Napoleon  Joseph 
Charles  Bonaparte,  son  of  Jerome  Boua- 

farte  by  his  second  wife  (the  princess 
rederica  Catherine  of  Wurtemberg). 
Plon-plon  is  a  euphonic  corruption  of 
Crahit-Plomb  ("fear-bullet"),  a  nickname 
given  to  the  prince  in  the  Crimean  war 
(1854-6). 

Plornish,  plasterer,  Bleeding-heart 
Yard.  He  was  a  smooth-cheeked,  freeh- 
Coloured,  sandy-whiskered  man  of  30. 
Long  in  the  legs,  yielding  at  the  knees, 
foolish  in  the  fact',  flannel- jacketed  and 
lime-whitened.  He  generally  chimed  in 
conversation  by  echoing  the  words  of  the 
person  speaking.     Thus,  if  Mrs.  Plornish 


said  to  a  visitor,  "Miss  Dorrit  dorsn't 
let  him  know ; "  he  would  chime  in, 
"  Dursn't  let  him  know."  "  Me  and 
Plornish  says,  '  Ho  !  Miss  Dorrit ; '  " 
Plornish  repeated  after  his  wife,  "  Ho  ! 
Miss  Dorrit."  "Can  you  employ  Miss 
Dorrit?"  Plornish  repeated  as  an  echo, 
"Employ  Miss  Dorrit?"  (See  Petek, 
p.  754.) 

Mrs.  Plornish,  the  plasterer's  wife.  A 
young  woman,  somewhat  slatternly  in 
herself  and  her  belongings,  and  dragged 
by  care  and  poverty  already  into  wrinkles. 
She  generally  began  her  sentences  with, 
''  Well,  not  to  deceive  you."  Thus :  "  la 
Mr.  Plornish  at  home?"  "Well,  sir,  not 
to  deceive  you,  he's  gone  to  look  for  a 
job."  "Well,  not  to  deceive  you, 
ma'am,  I  take  it  kindlv  of  you." — C. 
Dickens,  Little  Dorrit  (1857). 

Plotting  Parlour  ( The).  At  Whit- 
tington,  near  Scarsdale,  in  Derbyshire,  is 
a  farm-house  where  the  earl  of  Devon- 
shire (Cavendish),  the  earl  of  Danby 
(Osborne),  and  baron  Delamer  (Booth) 
concerted  the  Revolution.  The  room  in 
which  they  met  is  called  "  The  Plotting 
Parlour." 

Where  Searsdaje's  cliffs  the  swelling  pastures  bound. 
.  .  .  there  lei  the  farmer  hail 
The  sacred  orchard  which  embowers  his  gate. 
And  shew  to  strangers,  passing  down  the  vale. 
Where  Cnv'ndish.  Booth,  and  Osborne  sate 
When,  bursting  from  their  country's  chain,  .  ,  • 
They  planned  for  freedom  this  her  noblest  reign. 

Aken»ide,  Ode.  XVIII.  v.  3(1767). 

Plotwell  (Mrs.),  in  Mrs.  Centlivre'a 
drama  The  Beau's  Duel  (1703). 

Plousina,  called  Hebe,  endowed  by 
the  fairy  Anguilletta  with  the  gifts  of 
wit,  beauty,  and  wealth.  Hebe  still  felt 
she  lacked  something,  and  the  fairy  told 
her  it  was  love.  Presently  came  to  her 
father's  court  a  young  prince  named 
Atimir,  the  two  fell  in  love  with  each 
other,  and  the  day  of  their  marriage 
was  fixed.  In  the  interval,  Atimir  fell 
in  love  with  Hebe's  elder  sister  Iberia ; 
and  Hebe,  in  her  grief,  was  sent  to  the 
Peaceable  Island,  where  she  fell  in  love 
with  the  ruling  prince,  and  married 
him.  After  a  time,  Atimir  and  Iberia, 
with  Hebe  and  her  husband,  met  at  the 
palace  of  the  ladies'  father,  when  the 
love  between  Atimir  and  Hebe  re- 
vived. A  duel  was  fought  between  the 
young  princes,  in  which  Atimir  was  slain, 
and  the  prince  of  the  Peaceable  Islands 
was  severely  wounded.  Hebe,  coming 
up,  threw  herself  on  Atimir's  sword,  and 
the  dead  bodies  of  Atimir  and  Hcb3 
were  transformed  into  two  tre«s  called 


PLOWMAN. 


777 


POCIIKT. 


"charms." —  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tales  ("AnguUletta,"  L682). 

Plowman  (Piers),  the  dreamer,  who, 
falling  asleep  on  the  Malvern  Hills, 
Worcestershire,  saw  in  a  vision  pictures 
of  the  corruptions  of  society,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  avarice  and  wantonness 
of  the  clergy.  This  supposed  vision  is 
formed  into  a  poetical  satire  of  great 
vigour,  fancy,  and  humour.  It  is  divided 
into  twenty  parts,  each  part  being  called 
a  passu*  or  separate  vision, — William 
Tor  Robert]  Langland,  The  Vision  of  Piera 
1  lowman  (1302). 

Plumdamas  (Mr.  Peter),  grocer. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Plume  (Captain),  a  gentleman  and 
an  officer.  lie  is  in  love  with  Sylvia  a 
wealthy  heiress,  and,  when  he  marries  her, 
gives  up  his  commission. — Ci.  Farquhar, 
The  Recruiting  Officer  (1705). 

Plummer  (Caleb),  a  little  old  toy- 
maker,  in  the  employ  of  Gruff  and 
Tackleton,  toy  merchants.  He  was 
spare,  grey-haired,  and  very  poor.  It 
was  his  pride  "  to  go  as  close  to  Natur' 
in  his  toys  as  he  could  for  the  money." 
Caleb  Plummer  had  a  blind  daughter, 
who  assisted  him  in  toy-making,  and 
whom  he  brought  up  under  the  belief 
that  he  himself  was  young,  handsome, 
and  well  off,  and  that  the  house  they 
lived  in  was  sumptuously  furnished  and 
quite  magnificent.  Every  calamity  lie 
smoothed  over,  every  unkind  remark  of 
their  snarling  employer  he  called  a  merry 
jest;  so  that  the  poor  blind  girl  lived  in  a 
castle  of  the  air,  "a  bright  little  world 
of  her  own."  When  merry  or  puzzled, 
Caleb  used  to  sing  something  about  "a 
sparkling  bowl." 

it  would  bare  gladdened  the  heart  of  that  Inimitable 
creation  of  Charli  Dl<  ken.-,  "Caleb  Phimmer." — Id>rd  W. 
Lennux,  CWe&Htiat,  il. 

Bertha  Plummer,  the  blind  daughter  of 
the  toy-maker,  who  fancied  her  poor  old 

father  «:i-:  a  young  f > >| >,  that  the  sack  he 
threw  across  his  shoulders  was  a  hand- 
some blue  great-coat,  and  that  their 
wooden  house  was  a  palace.  She  was  in 
love  with  Tackleton,  the  toy  merchant, 
whom  she  thought  to  be  a  handsome 
young  prince ;  and  when  she  heard  that 
he  was  about  to  marry  May  Fielding, 
she  drooped  and  was   like  to   die.     She 

was    then    disillusioned,    heard     !• 
facts,  and  said,  "  Why.  oh,  why  did  you 
deceive   me   thus?      Why   did    you    till 
mv   heart   so  full,   and   then    come    like 


death,  and  teal  away  the  objects  of  my 
love/"  However,  her  love  for  her  fathet 
was  not  lessened,  and  she  declared  that 
the  knowledge  of  the  truth  was  "  Bight 

l."     "  It  is  my  Bight,"  she 
"Hitherto   I   have   been    blind,    but  now 
my  eves  are  open.      I    never   knew    my 
father  before,  and  might  have  died  with- 
out ever  having  known  him  truly." 

Edward  Plummer,  son  of  the  toy-matter, 
and  brother  of  the  blind  girl.  He  waa 
engaged  from  boyhood  to  May  Fielding, 
went  to  South  America,  and  returned  to 
marry  her;  but,  hearing  of  her  e: 
ment  to  Tackleton  the  toy  merchant, 
he  assumed  the  disguise  of  a  deaf  old 
man,  to  ascertain  whether  she  loved 
Tackleton  or  not.  Being  satisfied  that 
her  heart  was  still  his  own,  he  married 
her,  and  Tackleton  made  them  a  pi 
of  the  weddiug-cake  which  he  had 
ordered  for  himself. — C.  Dickens,  77«? 
Cricket  on  the  Hearth  (18-io). 

Plush  (John),  any  gorgeous  footman, 
conspicuous  for  his  plush  breeches  and 
rainbow  colours. 

Plutarch  ( The  Modern),  Vayer,  born 
at  Paris.  His  name  in  full  was  Francis 
Vayer  de  la  Mothe  (1586-1672,). 

Pluto,  the  god  of  hades. 

Brothers,  be  of  good  cheer,  for  this  night  we  shall  sua 
with  l'luto.— Leuuidos.  lo  tin)  Thrw  JJuiulred  at  Ther. 

Plutus,  the  god  of  wealth. — Classia 
Mythology. 

Within  a  heart,  dearer  than  Plutus'  mine. 
Bbakaapaara,  Julius  Ctftar,  act  iv.  sc.  3  (1G07). 

Plymouth  Cloak  (A),  a  cane,  a 

Cudgel.  So  called,  says  Kay,  "  bdCMM 
we  use  a  staff  in  cwrpo,  but  not  when  we 

wear  a  cloak." 

■il.   How.  dogl    (KtiUing  hit  cudgil.) 
Tap  i  nr  Plymouth  cloak. 

There  dwells,  and  within  call,  If  it  please  four  worship, 
A  potent  monarch,  ealled  thecoi 

died  il»"  stocks. 
Siaeringar,  .i  Nam  Wag  <«  i--iy  old  n>ut.  i.  l  (l«ja). 

Po  (Tom),  a  ghost.  (Welsh,  bo,  "  *» 
hobgoblin.") 

Ha  now  would  p:\ss  for  spirit  To. 

B   B  lUi  r,  B  ••:.  not.  ill.  1  1I6T8L 

Pocahontas,  daughter  of  l'owhaL&n, 
an  Indian  chief  of  Virginia,  who  ■,■        | 

captain  John  Smith  when   her   father  wag 

on  the  point  of  killing  him.  She  subse- 
quently married  John  1  waa 
baptized  under  the  name  of  1;  h 
(1595  1617).— Old  and  yew  London,  ii. 
481  (1876). 

^  Pochct  (Mad  1  me),  the  French  "  Mr*. 
ramp."-  Henri  Rlonnier. 


POCHI  DANARI. 


778 


POETS  OF  ENGLAND. 


Pochi  Dana'ri  ("the  pcnnyless"). 
So  the  Italians  call  Maximilian  I.  emperor 
of  Germany  (1459,  1493-1519). 

Pocket  (Mr.  Matthew),  a  real  scholar, 
educated  at  Harrow,  and  an  honour-man 
at  Cambridge,  but,  having  married  young, 
he  had  to  take  up  the  calling  of  "grinder  " 
and  literary  fag  for  a  living.  Mr. 
Pocket,  when  annoyed,  used  to  run  his 
two  hands  into  his  hair,  and  seemed  as  if 
he  intended  to  lift  himself  by  it.  His 
house  was  a  hopeless  muddle,  the  best 
meals  and  chief  expense  being  in  the 
kitchen.  Pip  was  placed  under  the  charge 
of  this  gentleman. 

Mrs.  Pocket  (Belinda),  daughter  of  a 
City  knight,  brought  up  to  be  an  orna- 
mental nonentity,  helpless,  shiftless,  and 
useless.  She  was  the  mother  of  eight 
children,  whom  she  allowed  to  "tumble 
up  "  as  best  they  could,  under  the  charge 
of  her  maid  Flopson.  Her  husband,  who 
was  a  poor  gentleman,  found  life  a  very 
uphill  work. 

Herbert  Pocket,  son  of  Mr.  Matthew 
Pocket,  and  an  insurer  of  ships.  He  was 
a  frank,  easy  young  nan,  lithe  and  brisk, 
but  not  muscular.  There  was  nothing 
mean  or  secretive  about  him.  He  was 
wonderfully  hopeful,  but  had  not  the 
stuff  to  push  his  way  into  wealth.  He 
was  tall,  slim,  and  pale ;  had  a  languor 
which  shewed  itself  even  in  his  briskness  ; 
was  most  amiable,  cheerful,  and  com- 
municative. He  called  Pip  "Handel," 
because  Pip  had  been  a  blacksmith,  and 
Handel  composed  a  piece  of  music  en- 
titled The  llarm/mious  Blacksmith.  Pip 
helped  him  to  a  partnership  in  an  agency 
business. 

Sarah  Pocket,  sister  of  Matthew  Pocket, 
a  little  dry,  brown,  corrugated  old  woman, 
with  a  small  face  that  might  have  been 
made  of  walnut-shell,  and  a  large  mouth 
like  a  cat's  without  the  whiskers. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (I860). 

Podgers  (The),  lickspittles  of  the 
great. — J.  Hollingshead,  The  Birthplace 
of  Podjcrs. 

Podsnap  (Mr.),  "a  too,  too  smiling 
large  man  with  a  fatal  freshness  on  him." 
Mr.  Podsnaphas"two  little  light-coloured 
wiry  wings,  one  on  either  side  of  his 
else  bald  head,  looking  as  like  his  hair- 
brashes  as  his  hair."  On  his  forehead 
*re  generally  "  little  red  beads,"  and  he 
<rear3  "  a  large  allowance  of  crumpled 
shirt-collar  up  behind." 

Mrs.  Podsnap,  a  "  fine  woman  for  pro- 
fessor Owen:  quantity  of  bone,  neck  and 


nostrils  like  a  rocking-horse,  hard  fea- 
tures, and  majestic  head-dress  in  which 
Podsnap  has  hung  golden  offerings. " 

Georgiana  Podsnap,  daughter  of  the 
above ;  called  by  her  father  "  the  young 
person."  She  is  a  harmless,  inoffensive 
girl,  "  always  trying  to  hide  her  elbows." 
Georgiana  adores  Mrs.  Lammle,  and  when 
Mr.  Lammle  tries  to  marry  the  girl 
to  Mr.  Fledgeby,  Mrs.  Lammle  induces 
Mr.  Twemlow  to  speak  to  the  father  and 
warn  him  against  the  connection. 

It  may  not  be  so  in  the  uospel  according  to  rodsnappery, 
.  .  .  but  it  has  been  the  truth  since  the  foundations  ol 
the  universe  were  laid. — C.  Dickens,  Oar  Mutual  tYicnd 

(1864). 

Poem  in  Marble  (4),  the  Taj,  a 
mausoleum  of  white  marble,  raised  in 
Agra  by  shah  Jehan,  to  his  favourite 
shahrina  Moomtaz-i-Mahul,  who  died  in 
childbirth  of  her  eighth  child.  It  is  also 
called  "The  Marble  Queen  of  Sorrow." 

Poet  ( The  Quaker),  Bernard  Barton 
(1784-1849). 

Poet  Sire  of  Italy,  Dante  Alighieri 
(1265-1321). 

Poet  Squab.  John  Dryden  was  bo 
called  by  the  earl  of  Rochester,  on  account 
of  his  corpulence  (1631-1701). 

Poet  of  France  (The),  Pierre  Ron- 
sard  (1524-1585). 

Poet  of  Poets,  Percy  Bvsshe  Shelley 
(1792-1822). 

Poet  of  the  Poor,  the  Rev.  George 
Crabbe  (1754-1832). 

Poets  (  The  prince  nf\.  Edmund  Spen- 
ser is  so  called  on  his  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbey  (1553-1598). 

Prince  of  Spanish  Poets.  So  Cervantes 
calls  Garcilaso  de  la  Vega  (1503-1536). 

Poets  of  England. 

Addison,  Beaumont,  Elizabeth  Bar- 
rett Browning  !  (Burns  !)  Butler,  Byron, 
Campbell,  Chatterton,  Chaucer,  Cole- 
ridge, Collins,  Congreve,  Cowley,  Cow- 
per,  Crabbe,  Drayton,  Dryden  !  Fletcher, 
Ford,  Gay,  Goldsmith,  Gray,  Mrs.  He- 
mans,  Herbert,  Hcrrick,  Hood,  Ben  Jon- 
son  !  Keats,  Keble,  Landor,  Marlowe! 
Marvel,  Massinger  !  Milton,  Moore,  Ot- 
way  !  Pope!  Prior,  Rogers,  7?oioe,  (Scott,) 

Shakespeare, Shelley !  Shenstone,  South- 
ey,  Spenser,  Thomson,  Waller,  Words- 
worth,  Young.  With  many  others  of 
less  celebrity. 

(Those  in  capitals  are  first-class  pools  , 
those  in  Roman  type,  second-class,  th« 


POETS'  CORNER. 


779 


POISONERS. 


best  of  which  have  !  after  the  name; 
those  in  italics  are  third-class  poets;  the 
two  in  brackets  are  Scotch.) 

Poets'  Corner,  in  the  south  transept 
of  Westminster  Abbey.  No  one  knows 
who  christened  the  corner  thus.  With 
poets  are  divines,  philosophers,  actors, 
novelists,  architects,  and  critics.  It  would 
have  been  a  glorious  thing  indeed  if  the 
comer  had  been  set  apart  for  England's 
po,ts.  But  alas  !  the  deans  of  Westminster 
■tade  a  market  of  tin-  wall,  and  hence,  as 
a  memorial  of  British  poets,  it  is  almost 
a  caricature.  Where  is  the  record  of 
Byron,  Ford,  Hemans,  Keats,  Keble, 
Marlowe,  Mas.-inger,  Pope,  Shelley? 
Where  of  E.  B.  Browning,  Burns,  Chat- 
terton,  Collins,  Congreve,  Cowper,  Crabbe, 
Gower,  Herbert,  Herrick,  Hood,  Marvel, 
T.  Moore,  Scott,  Shenstone,  Southey, 
and  Waller? 

The  "corner"  contains  a  bust,  statue, 
tablet,  or  monument  to  five  of  our  first- 
rate  poets:  viz.,  Chaucer  (1400), 
Dryden  (1700),  Milton  (1674),  Shake- 
speare (1010),  and  Spenser  (1598)  ;  and 
some  seventeen  of  second  or  third  class 
merit,  as  Addison,  Beaumont  (none  to 
Fletcher),  S.  Butler,  Campbell,  Cowley, 
Cumberland,  Drayton,  Gay,  Gray,  Gold- 
smith, Ben  Jonson,  Macaulay,  Prior  (a 
most  preposterous  affair),  Kowe,  Sheri- 
dan, Thomson,  and  Wordsworth.  And 
also  to  such  miserable  poetasters  as 
Davenant  ("  Oh  !  rare  sir  William  Dave- 
nant!"),  Mason,  and  Shadwell.  Truly, 
our  Valhalla  is  almost  a  satire  on  our 
taste  and  judgment. 

%*  Dryden'a  monument  was  erected 
by  Sheffield  duke  of  Buckingham. 
Wordsworth's  statue  was  erected  by  a 
public  subscription. 

Poets  of  Licentious  Verses, 
Elephantis.  a  poetess  spoken  of  by 
Martial,  Epurammata,  xii.  43. 

Anthony  Caraccio  of  Italy  (1030-1702). 

1'ietro  Aretino,  an  Italian  of  Arezzo 
(1492  1557). 

Poetry  ( The  Father  of),  Orpheus  (2 
tyl.)  of  Thrace. 

Father  vf  J>ut,-h  Poetry,  Jakob  Maer- 
lant;  also  called  "The  Father  01  Flemish 
Poetry  n  (1236  1800). 

Father  <,r'  En  jtish  l'octry,  Geoffrey 
Chaucer  (1328   1400). 

Father  of  Epic  Poetry,  Homer. 

He  oomparea  Richard  on  <•■  Homer,  and  pradiefei  f..r 
bu  namon  the  aaina  uououn  which  ;iru  rendered  u>  U.e 
Father  of  E|.ic  roe  try.  -.sjr  \S  .  S^olL 

Poetry  —  Prose.      Pope     advised 


Wycherly  "to  convert  his   poetry    into 

Po'gram  (Elijah),  one  of  the  "master 
minds''  of  America,  and  a  member  of 
congress.       II  1    with    the 

idea  that  tie  .  opposition 

in  the  British  mind  against  the  institu- 
i  his  "free  enlightened  country." 
— C.  Dickens,  Martin  ChuzzU-wit  (i- 

Poinder  (Oeorge),  a  city  officer. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time 
George  II.). 

Poins,  a  companion  of  sir  John  Fal- 
stalf.— Shakespeare,  1  and  2  Henry  IV. 
(1597,  1598). 

The  chronicles  of  that  day  contain  accounts  of  many  a 
mad  prank  which  [lord  Warwick,  Ad<lu»ni  Mep-aoa)] 
plana  .  .  .  [Mtel  tha  lawless  freukj  of  the  made*,,  priao* 
and  l'oiiii.— Thackeray. 

Point  a  Moral  or  Adorn  a  Tale. 
Dr.   Johnson,    in  his    Vanity  of  Human 

Wis/ics  (1749),  speaking  of  Charles  XII. 
of  Sweden,  says  : 

He  left  the  nnmc.  nt  which  the  world  K""  Palo, 

To  point  a  mural  or  adorn  :. 

*J*  Juvenal  said  of  Hannibal:  "Go, 
madman  ;  hurry  over  the  savage  Alps,  to 
please  the  schoolboys,  and  become  their 
subject  of  declamation." 

Poison.  It  is  said  that  Mithridatfie 
VI.,  Bumamed  "the  Great,"  had  so  forti- 
fied his  constitution,  that  poisons  had  no 
baneful  effect  on  him  (B.O.  L31,  120-03). 

Poison-Detectors.  Opal  turns  pale, 
and  Venetian  glass  shivers  at  the  ap- 
proach of  poison.  Peacocks  mill"  their 
feathers  at  the  sight  of  poisonj  and  if 
poison  is  put.  into  a  liquid  contained  in  a 
cup  of  rhinoceros's  horn,  the  liquid  will 
effervesce.  No  one  could  pass  with 
poison    the    hom    gate    of    Gundoforus, 

NOUrgehan  had  a  bracelet,    t 

which    seemed    agitated     "hen 
approached  the  wearer.     Aladdin's  ring 
was  a   preservative    against   every  arils 
The  Bign  of  the  cross  in  the  Mid... 
ooked  upon  as  a   poison-di 
(See  Wai:mn<--Gi\  i:us.) 

Poison  of  Khaibar.  By  this  is 
meant  the  poison  put  into  a  leg  of  mutton 
by  /.amah,  a  Jewess,  to  kill  Mahomet 
while  he  was  in  the  citadel  of  Khalbar. 

Mahomet    partook    of     the     mutt  jn,    ana 
Buffered  from  the  poison  all  tlir  Ugh  hf*. 

Poisoners  (S 

l.  Of  -!"•"  '■■'  Some :  l  "■--' ».  ern- 
ployed  by  Agrippi'na  t.>  poisi  d  h« 
husband   the   emperor    Claudius.    N>rr. 


POLEXANDEE. 


7S0 


POLLENTE. 


employed    the   same   woman   to   poison 
Britannicus  and  others. 

2.  Of  English  History :  the  countess 
of  Somerset,  who  poisoned  sir  Thomas 
Overbury  in  the  Tower  of  London.  She 
also  poisoned  others. 

Villiers  duke  of  Buckingham,  it  is 
Baid,  poisoned  king  James  I. 

3.  Of  France :  Lavoisin  and  Lavigoreux, 
French  midwives  and  fortune-tellers. 

Catharine  de  Medicis  is  said  to  have 
poisoned  the  mother  of  Henri  IV.  with  a 
pair  of  wedding-gloves,  and  several 
others  with  poisoned  fans. 

The  marquise  de  Brinvilliers,  a  young 
profligate  Frenchwoman,  was  taught  the 
art  of  secret  poisoning  by  Sainte-Croix, 
who  learnt  it  in  Italy. —  Worldof  Wonders, 
vii.  203. 

4.  Of  Italy :  Pope  Alexander  VI.  and 
his  children  Caesar  and  Lucrezia  [Borgia] 
were  noted  poisoners  ;  so  were  Hierony- 
nia  Spara  and  Tofa'na. 

Polexan'dre,  an  heroic  romance  by 
Gomberville  (1632). 

Policy  (Mrs.),  housekeeper  at  Holy- 
rood  Palace.  She  appears  in  the  intro- 
duction.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Berth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Pol'idore  (3  syl.),  father  of  Valere.— 
Moliere,  Le  De'pit  Amoureux  (1654). 

Polinesso,  duke  of  Albany,  who 
falsely  accused  Geneura  of  incontinency, 
and  was  slain  in  single  combat  by  Ario- 
dantes. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

PoHsh  Jew  (The),  also  called  The 
Bells,  a  melodrama  by  J.  R.  Ware, 
brought  prominently  into  note  by  the 
acting  of  Henry  Irving  at  the  Lyceum. 
Mathis,  a  miller  in  a  small  German  town, 
is  visited  on  Christmas  Eve  by  a  Polish 
Jew,  who  comes  through  the  snow  in  a 
sledge.  After  rest  and  refreshment,  he 
leaves  for  Nantzig,  "four  leagues  off." 
Math  is  follows  him,  kills  him  with  an 
axe,  and  burns  the  body  in  a  lime-kiln. 
He  then  pays  his  debts,  becomes  a  pros- 
perous and  respected  man,  and  is  made 
burgomaster.  On  the  wedding  night  of 
his  only  child,  Annette,  he  dies  of  apo- 

Elexy,  of  which  he  had  ample  warning 
y  the  constant  sound  of  sledge-bells  in 
his  tars.  In  his  dream  he  supposes  him- 
self put  into  a  mesmeric  sleep  in  open 
court,  when  he  confesses  everything  and 
18  executed  (1874). 

Polixene,  the  name  assumed  by 
Madelon  Gorgibus,  a  shopkeeper's  daugh- 


ter, as  far  more  romantic  and  genteel 
than  her  baptismal  name.  Her  cousin 
Cathos  called  herself  Aminte  (2  syl.). 

"  A-t-on  jamais  par]*."  asks  Madelon,  "dans  le  beau 
style,  de  Cathos  ni  de  Madelon  ?  et  ne  m'avouerez-voui 
pas  que  ce  seroit  assez  d'un  de  ces  noms  pour  decrier  le 
plus  beau  roman  du  nionde." 

"  II  est  vrai."  says  Cathos  to  Madelon's  father,  "  et  la 
nom  de  Polixene  .  .  .  et  celui  d'Aminte  .  .  .  ont  una 
grace  dont  11  faut  que  vous  demeuriez  d'accord. — Moliire, 
Les  Pricieutet  Ridiculet,  5  (1659). 

Polix'enes  (4  syl.),  king  of  Bo- 
hemia, schoolfellow  and  old  companion 
of  Leontes  king  of  Sicily.  While  on  a 
visit  to  the  Sicilian  king,  Leontes  grew 
jealous  of  him,  and  commanded  Camillo 
to  poison  him  ;  but  Camillo  only  warned 
him  of  his  danger,  and  fled  with  him  to 
Bohemia.  Polixenes's  son,  Flor'izel,  fell 
in  love  with  Perdita  the  supposed 
daughter  of  a  shepherd ;  but  the  king 
threatened  Perdita  and  the  shepherd  with 
death  unless  this  foolish  suit  were  given 
up.  Florizel  and  Perdita  now  fled  to 
Sicily,  where  they  were  introduced  to  king 
Leontes,  and  it  was  soon  discovered  that 
Perdita  was  his  lost  daughter.  Polixencs, 
having  tracked  the  fugitives  to  Sicily, 
learned  that  Perdita  was  the  king's  daugh- 
ter, and  joyfully  consented  to  the  union  he 
had  before  forbidden. — Shakespeare,  The 
Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

Poll  Pineapple,  the  bumboat 
woman,  once  sailtd  in  seaman's  clothes 
with  lieutenant  Belaye'  (2  syl.),  in  the 
Hot  Cross-Bun.  Jack  tars  generally  greet 
each  other  with  "  Messmate,  ho !  what 
cheer  ? "  but  the  greeting  on  the  Hot 
Cross-Bun  was  always,  "  How  do  you  do, 
my  dear?"  and  never  was  any  oath  more 
naughty  than  "Dear  me!"  One  day, 
lieutenant  Belaye  came  on  board  and 
said  to  his  crew,  "  Here,  messmates,  is  my 
wife,  for  I  have  just  come  from  church." 
Whereupon  they  all  fainted ;  and  it 
was  found  the  crew  consisted  of  young 
women  only,  who  had  dressed  like  sailors 
to  follow  the  fate  of  lieutenant  Belave. — 
S.  Gilbert,  The  Bab  Ballads  ("The  Bum- 
boat  Woman's  Story  "). 

Pollente  (3  syl.),  a  Saracen,  lord  ol 
the  Perilous  Bridge.  When  his  groom 
Guizor  demands  "the  passage-penny" 
of  sir  Artegal,  the  knight  gives  him  a 
"  stunning  blow,"  saying,  "  Lo  !  knave, 
there's  my  hire;"  and  the  groom  falls 
down  dead.  Pollente  then  comes  rushing 
up  at  full  speed,  and  both  he  and  sir 
Artegal  fall  into  the  river,  fighting  most 
desperately.  At  length  sir  Artegal  pre- 
vails and  the  dead  body  of  the  Saracen 


POLLY. 


rsi 


1'i.LYDORE. 


is  carried  down  "the  blood-stained 
stream." — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  v.  2 
U596). 

Upton  conjectures  that  "Pollente  is 
intended  for  Charles  IX.  of  France,  and 
his  groom  "Guizor"  (he  Bays)  means  the* 
duke  of  Guise,  noted  for  the  part  he  took 
in  the  St.  Bartholomew  Massacre. 

Polly,    daughter    of    Peachum.     A 

pretty  girl,  who  really  loved  captain 
Macheath,  married  him,  and  remained 
faithful  even  when  he  disclaimed  her. 
When  the  reprieve  arrived,  "  the  captain" 
confessed  his  marriage,  and  vowed  to 
ahide  by  Polly  for  the  rest  of  his  life.— 
J.  Gav,  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727). 

This  character  has  led  to  the  peerage 
three  actresses:  Miss  Fenton  (duchess  of 
Bolton),  Miss  Bolton  (lady  Thurlow),  and 
Miss  Stephens  (countess  of  Essex). 

Mrs.  ('.  Mathews  says  of  Miss  Fenton 
(1708-17G0)  : 

Both  by  ringing  and  acting,  the  Impression  she  made  In 
"Polly"  im  ni"-t  powerful  .  .  .  Not  ti  print-shop  or 
fan-shop  but  exhibited  tier  bandsouie  figure  In  her 
"  Folly's"  costume,  wlii.li  |.o>.-<  ssi-d  ail  Die  >  liantcteristic 
niin|ilici(y  nt  the  modern  quakerets,  without  one  mere- 
tricious ornament. 

Polo'nius,  a  garrulous  old  chamber- 
lain of  Denmark,  and  father  of  Laer'tes 
and  Ophelia;  conceited,  politic,  and  a 
courtier.  Polonius  conceals  himself,  to 
overhear  what  Hamlet  Bays  to  hiB  mother, 
and,  making  some  unavoidable  noise, 
startles  the  prince,  who,  thinking  it  is 
the  king  concealed,  rushes  blindly  on 
the  intruder,  and  kills  him  ;  but  finds  too 
late  he  has  killed  the  chamberlain,  and 
not  Claudius  as  he  hoped  and  expected. 
— Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (1596). 

Polonlua  is  a  man  bred  In  courts,  ezercl  ed  in  business, 
stored    wiih   observations,  confident  of  uli  luiowl 

yrood  Of  Kb  eloquence,   and  declining    to  dotage.  —  Dr. 
ohusuii. 

It  was  the  great  part  of  William  Mynitt 
(1710-1763). 

Boon  afier  Munden  retired  from  (he  it  ige,  an  admirer 
met  him  In  Covent  Garden      It  wa    awol  day,  and  each 

carried  an  umbrella.    The  gentle enriTi 

■Ilk  one  andJoe'ian  old  gingham,  "8o»on  have  left 
the  stave.  .  .  .  and  'Poloulus.'  'Jemmy  Jumps,  "Old 
Doriitin.'  and  a  doaen  others  ban  I  wjtn 

you?   1  wish  jrou'd  sire  mo   •■ Wet  >  waj  ol  mc rial, 

ifnadenl rttfle,  rirl  r  faJth, 

But  bold,  res,  egad,  nppi  e  we  exchange  umbrella*.  — 
faeuti  teal  Anaadotu. 

Polwarth    (Alick),     a    servanl    of 
Waverley's. — Sir    W.     Scott,     Wax 
(time,  George  II.). 

Polycle'tos  (in  Latin  Polycletus),  & 
statuary  of  Sicyon,  who  drew  up  a  canon 
of  the  proportions  of  the  Beveral  pai 
the  human  body  :    as,  twice  round   the 
thumb    is  once    round    the    wrist  ;  twice 


round  die  wrist  is  once  round  the  neck  ; 
twice  round  the  neck  is  "nee  round  the 

waist  |   ■  .   the   fist   is  the   length 

Of  the  footj  the  two  arms  extended  is 
the  height  of  the  body  ;  six  times  the 
length  of  the  foot,  or  eighteen  thumbs,  is 
also  the  height  of  the  body. 

Again,  the  thumb,  the  longest  toe, 
and  the  nose  should  all  be  of  the  same 
length.  The  index  finger  should  mea- 
sure the  breadth  of  the  hand  and 
and  twice  the  breadth  should  give  the 
Length.  The  hand,  the  foot,  and  the 
face  should  all  he  the  same  length.  '1  he 
nose  should  be  one-third  of  the  face ; 
and,  of  course,  the  thumbs  should  bo 
one-third  the  Length  of  the  hand.  <  it  sard 
de  Lairesse  has  given  the  exact  measure- 
ments of  every  part  of  the  human  figure, 
according  to  the  famous  statues  of  "  An- 
tinous,"  "Apollo  Belvidere,"  "Her- 
cules," and  "  Venus  de  Medici.'' 

Poly  crates     (4    syl.)t    tyrant    of 

SamOfl.  He  was  so  fortunate  in  every- 
thing, that  Am'asis  king  of  Egypt  ad- 
vised him  to  part  with  something  he 
highly  prized.  Whereupon,  Polycrltfii 
threw'  into  the  Bea  an  engraved  gem  afl 

extraordinary  value.  A  few  days  after- 
wards, a  fish  was  presented  to  the  tyrant, 
in  which  this  very  gem  was  found. 
Amasis  now  renounced  all  friendship 
with  him,  as  a  man  doomed  by  the  gods; 
and  not  long  after  this,  a  Batiap,  having 
entrapped    the    tOO    fortunate   despot,   put 

him  to  death  by  crucifixion.     (See  1  tan 

AN1>    I  UK    RlKG.)  —  U' ■'•"(/ ■'(US,  iii.  -10. 

Polyd'amas,  a  Thessalian  athlete  ol 

enormous  strength.  He  is  said  to  have 
killed  an  angry  Lion,  to  have  held  by  the 
heels  a  raging  bull  and  thrown  it  help- 
less al  hiB  feet,  to  have  Btopped  a  chariot 
in  full  career,  etc.  One  day,  he  attempted 
toBustaina  falling  rock,  butwaa  killed 

and  buried  by  the  huge  mass. 

Milo    carried  a  bull,  four  years   old,  on 

his  shoulders  through  the  stadium  at 
Olympia;  he   also  arrested  a    chariot   in 

full  career.  One  day,  tearing  asunder  a 
pine    tree,    the   two  parts    rebounding, 

caught  his  hands  and  held  him  East,  in 
which  slate  he  was  devoured  by  w.dves. 

Polydoi'B  (3  $yl.),  the  name  by  which 

Belarius  called   prince  Guiderius,  while 

he  lived  in  a  ca\ e  in  the  Welsh  moun- 
tains. His  brother,  prince  Arvirague, 
wenl  by  the  name  of  Cadwah— Shake- 
Bpeai  .  •    (1605). 

Pol'ydort  (8   Btf/.),    brother  of  gereral 
n,    beloved    by   the    princess    CaIuJ 


POLYDORE. 


782 


POLYPHEME. 


sister  of  Astorax  king  of  Paphos. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Mad  Lover 
(1618). 

Pol'ydore  (Lord),  son  of  lord  Acasto, 
and  Castalio's  younger  brother.  He 
entertained  a  base  passion  for  his  father's 
ward  Monimia  "the  orphan,"  and, making 
use  of  the  signal  ("three  soft  taps  upon 
the  chamber  door  ")  to  be  used  by  Castalio, 
to  whom  she  was  privately  married,  in- 
dulged his  wanton  love,  Monimia  sup- 
posing him  to  be  her  husband.  When, 
next  day,  he  discovered  that  Monimia  was 
actually  married  to  Castalio,  he  was 
horrified,  and  provoked  a  quarrel  with  his 
brother  ;  but  as  soon  as  Castalio  drew  his 
sword,  he  ran  upon  it  and  was  killed. — 
Thomas  Otway,  The  Orphan  (1680). 

Pol'ydore  (3  syl.),  a  comrade  of  Ernest 
of  Otranto  (page  of  prince  Tancred). — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Cuunt  Hubert  of  Taris  (time, 
Rufus). 

Polyglot  (Ijnatius),  the  master  of 
seventeen  languages,  and  tutor  of  Charles 
Eustace  (aged  24).  Very  learned,  very 
ignorant  of  human  life  ;  most  6trict  as  a 
disciplinarian,  but  tender-hearted  as  a 
girl.  His  pupiL  has  married  clandestinely, 
but  Polyglot  offers  himself  voluntarily  to 
be  the  scapegoat  ef  the  young  couple, 
and  he  brings  them  off  triumphantly. — 
J.  Poole,  1'lie  Scapegoat. 

Polyglott  (A  Walking),  cardinal  Mez- 
zofanti,  who  knew  fifty-eight  different 
languages  (1774-1819). 

PolyoYbion  (the  "greatly  blessed"), 
by  Michael  Drayton,  in  thirty  parts, 
called  "songs.""  It  is  a  topographi- 
cal description  of  England.  Song 
i.  The  landing  of  Brute.  Song  ii. 
Dorsetshire,  and  the  adventures  of  sir 
Bevis  of  Southampton.  Song  iii.  So- 
merset. Song  iv.  Contention  of  the 
rivers  of  England  and  Wales  respecting 
Lundy — to  which  country  it  belonged. 
Song  v.  Sabrina,  as  arbiter,  decides  that 
it  is  "allied  alike  both  to  England  and 
Wales;"  Merlin,  and  Milford  Haven. 
Song  vi.  The  salmon  and  beavor  of  Twv  ; 
the  tale  of  Sabrina ;  the  druids  and 
bards.  Song  vii.  Hereford.  Song  viii. 
Conquest  of  Britain  by  the  Romans  and 
by  the  Saxons.  Song  ix.  Wales.  Song 
x.  Merlin's  prophecies  ;  Winifred's  well ; 
defence  of  the  "tale  of  Brute"  (1612).  Song 
xi.  Cheshire  ;  tiie  religious  Saxon  kings. 
Song  xii.  Shropshire  and  Staffordshire  ; 
the  Saxon  warrior  kings  ;  and  Guy  of 
Warwick,     Song  xiii.  Warwick  ;  Guy  of 


Warwick  concluded.  Song  xiv.  Glou- 
cestershire. Song  xv.  The  marriage  o* 
Isis  and  Thame.  Song  xvi.  The  Roman 
roads  and  Saxon  kingdoms.  Song  xvii. 
Surrey  and  Sussex  ;  the  sovereigns  of 
England  from  William  to  Elizabeth. 
Song  xviii.  Kent ;  England's  great  gene- 
rals and  sea-captains  (1613).  Song  xix. 
Essex  and  Suffolk  ;  English  navigators. 
Song  xx.  Norfolk.  Song  xxi.  Cam- 
bridge and  Ely.  Song  xxii.  Bucking- 
hamshire, and  England's  intestine  battles. 
Song  xxiii.  Northamptonshire.  Song 
xxiv.  Rutlandshire ;  and  the  British 
saints.  Song  xxv.  Lincolnshire.  Song 
xxvi.  Nottinghamshire,  Leicestershire, 
Derbyshire ;  with  the  storv  of  Robin 
Hood.  Song  xxvii.  Lancashire  and  the 
Isle  of  Man.  Song  xxviii.  Yorkshire. 
Song  xxix.  Northumberland.  Song  xxx. 
Cumberland  (1622). 

Porypheme  (3  syl.),  a  gigantic 
Cyclops  of  Sicily,  who  fed  on  human 
flesh.  When  Ulysses,  on  his  return  from 
Troy,  was  driven  to  this  island,  he  and 
twelve  of  his  companions  were  seized 
by  Polyphcme.  and  confined  in  his  cave, 
that  he  might  devour  two  daily  for  his 
dinner.  Ulysses  made  the  giant  drunk, 
and,  when  he  lay  down  to  sleep,  bored 
out  his  one  e3'e.  Roused  by  the  pain, 
the  monster  tried  to  catch  his  tormentors  ; 
but  Ulysses  and  his  surviving  com- 
panions made  their  escape  by  clinging  to 
the  bellies  of  the  sheep  and  rams  when 
they  were  let  out  to  pasture  (Odyssey,  ix.). 

There  is  a  Basque  legend  told  of  the 
giant  Tartaro,  who  caught  a  young  man 
in  his  snares,  and  confined  him  in  his 
cave  for  dessert.  When,  however,  Tar- 
taro fell  asleep,  the  young  man  made 
the  giant's  spit  red  hot,  bored  out  his  one 
eye,  and  then  made  his  escape  by  fixing 
the  bell  of  the  bell-ram  round  his  neck, 
and  a  sheep-skin  over  his  back.  Tartaro 
seized  the  skin,  and  the  man,  leaving  it 
behind,  made  off. — Basque  Legends. 

A  very  similar  adventure  forms  the 
tale  of  Sindbad's  third  voyage,  in  the 
Arabian  Nights.  He  was  shipwrecked 
on  a  strange  island,  and  entered,  with 
his  companions,  a  sort  of  palace.  At 
nightfall,  a  one-eyed  giant  entered,  and 
ate  one  of  them  for  supper,  and  nnothei 
for  breakfast  next  morning.  This  went 
on  for  a  day  or  two,  when  Sindbad  borud 
out  the  giant's  one  eye  with  a  charred 
olive  stake.  The  giant  tried  in  vain  i» 
catch  his  tormentors,  but  they  ran  t« 
their  rafts ;  and  Sindbad,  with  tw 
others,  c  ontrived  to  escape. 


POLYTHENE  AND  GALATEA.      783  POND  OF  THE  PROPHET. 


%*  Homer  was  translated  into  Syriac 
by  Theophilus  EdesBenes  La  the  caliphate 
of  Harnn-nr-Eaahid  (a.i>.  786-809). 

Polypheme  and  Galatea.  Poly- 
pheme  Loved  Galatea  the  Bea-nymph  ;  but 
Galatea  had  fixed  her  affections  on  Acis, 
a  Sicilian  Bhepherd.  The  giant,  in  his 
jealousy,  hurled  a  huge  rock  at  his  rival, 
arul  crushed  him  to  death. 

The  tale  of  Polypheme  is  from  Ho- 
mer's Odyssey,  ix.  It  is  also  given 
bv  Ovid  in  his  Metamorphoses,  xiv. 
Euripides  introduces  the  monster  in  his 
Cyclops  ;  and  the  tragedy  of  Acis  and 
Galatea  is  the  subject  of  Handel's  famous 
'•pcra  so  called. 

(In  Greek  the  monster  is  called  J'olu- 
f)/U'nios,  and  in  Latin  Polyphemus.) 

Polyphe'mus  of  Literature,  Dr. 

Samuel  Johnson  (1709-1784). 

Polyplio'nus  ("W/  -voiced"),  the 
Kapancus  and  most  boastful  of  the  frog 
heroes.  He  was  slain  by  the  mouse 
Artophilgus  ("the  bread-nibbler "). 

But  great  Artophagus  avenged  tlic  slain,  .  .  . 

Ami  Poh?ph5nus  dies,  a  frog  renowued 

Fur  boastful  speech  and  turbulence  uf  sound. 

Parncll.  tkutlc  of  the  J-'rwji  and  Mir, ,  111   [about  1712). 

Polyphrasticontinornimegalon- 
dulation. 

Why  not  wind  up  the  famous  ministerial  declaration 
with  "Rons  Ompax,"  or  that  difficult  ezpra  don, 
upalyphrastloontlnondmagalondulatlon,'t — The  Star. 

Polypo'dium  ("  many-foot "),  al- 
luding to  its  root  furnished  with  nume- 
rous fibres.  Polypodium  used  to  be 
greatly  celebrated  for  its  elTect  on  tape- 
worm, and  for  rheum. 

The  hermit 
Uero  dnda  upon  as  oak  rheum-purglng  polypode  (3  «jr*.). 
Drajto",  PofyotMon, xlU.  (1613). 

Polyx'ena,  a  magnanimous  and 
most   noble    woman,    wife    of    Charles 

Emmanuel  king  of  Sardinia  (who  suc- 
ceeded to  the  crown  in  1730). — K.  Brown- 
ing, King  Victor  and  King  Charles,  etc, 

Pombod'ita,  hocus  -pocus  -  land. 
When  any  one  tells  an  incredible  story, 
we  might  say  to  him.  "Perhaps  you  are 
a  native  oi  Pombodita,  where  elephants 
are  driven  through  the  eyes  of  needles." 

Cum  aiiquls  Incredibula  narrat  respondent, 
Pombodita  tuee,  ubl  traducuut  alepbantem  |x.r  foramen 

aeUSL— Pole,  Si/n<iftU  Crttk  "rum. 

It  may  Imj  that  thou  art  of  Pumbodltba,  where  they  can 
brim;  an  elephant  through  tho  ljo  of  a  nt-ollc.—  U^lit- 
aol  (.1  Jewish  J'roverb). 

%*  Every  one  will  call  to  mind  the  use 
made  of  this  Jewish  proverb  by  our  Lord, 
when  the  "'rich  ruler,"  being  told  to  sell 
all   he  had  for  the  benefit  of   the   poor, 


"went  away  sorrowful." — Luke  xviii. 
18  25  ;  Mat  i  \.  22, 

Pomegranate  Seed.    "When    Pi  r- 

seph'om-    was    in    hades,    whither    Pluto 
liad    carried    her,    the    god,   foreknowing 
that  .lupit.-r  would  demand  her  n 
gathered  a  pomegranate,  and  said  to  her, 
"Love,  eat  with  me  this  parting  day  of 
the   pomegranate    seed;"   and    she  ate. 
DemSter,    in    the    mean    time,    in 
Zeus  (Jupiter)  to   demand    Peroephond'a 
release;    and  the  kin-  of  Olympi 
mised  Bhe  should  be  set  at  liberty,  if  she 
had  not  eaten  anything  during  In  r 
tion    in    hades.       As,    however,   she   had 
eaten  pomegranate  seeds,  her  return  was 
impossible. 

Low  Laughs  tho  dark  king  on  his  throne— 
"  1  nave  Irt  uf  pomegranais  seeds  ■  .  .  . 
And  chaal  the  in  lids  of  Buna  still— 
"0  fateful  0  nil. 

The  tLiir.Alii.  tho  daffodil."    Pee  Daffodil  ) 

Jean  IngaJow,  PcrfjJioru. 

Pompey,  a  clown  ;  servant  to  Mrs. 
Overdone  (a  bawd). — Shakespeare,  Mea- 
sure for  Measure  (LlUj). 

Pompey  the  Great  was  killed  by 
Achillas  and  Scptimius,  the  moment  the 
Egyptian  fishing-boal  reached  the  coast. 

Plutarch  tells  us  they  threw  his  head  into 
the  Bea.  Others  say  his  head  was  sent 
to  Ca;sar,  who  turned  from  it  with  horror, 
and  shed  a  flood  of  tears.  S 
makes  him  killed  bv  "savage  islanders" 
(•_'  Henry  17.  act  iv.  bc  1,  l. 

Pompil'ia,  a  foundling,  the  putative 

daughter  of  Pietro  (2  syl.).  She  married 
count  Guido  Pranceschini,  who  treated 
her  BO  brutally  that  she  made  her  csca|>e 
under  the  protection  of  ■  young  priest 
named  Caponsacchi.  Pompilia  subse- 
quently gave  birth  to  a  Bon,  but  was  slain 
by  her  husband. 

The  babe  had  been  ■  Bnd  r  the  nth-heap,  sir. 

Catch  h tl..  keniM  l.    There  »  a  found  at  Koma, 

Down  In  the  dee]  as)  ■■!  our  s.»'ial  dma, 

A  woman  who  professed  the  wanton's  tra.to  .  .  . 

She  sold  tin.  babe  eight  months  l»  (or,-  Its  birth 

To  our  Vlolante  (:'  »/.),  Pietro'i  honest  »i*Hi«e,  .  .  . 

Parti;  to  please  old  Pietro, 

Partlj  to  cheat  the  rightful  bain 

For  that  same  priiidpa  fruit. 

It  v\.>i  i. on  hi  on..-  die  an  i  leave  behind. 

l-l  1 as  litM.k.  II.  537.  eta. 

Ponco  do  Leon,  the  navigator  who 

went  in  search  of  the  /'••ntainede  Jouvener, 

"cm  lit  rajorenir  la  gent."  He  sailed  in 
two  ships  on  this  "  voyage  of  discoveries," 

in  the  sixteenth  century. 

1  ■■  wants  to  go  oft*  to  the  Antl- 
podes    In  search  of  thai  •   .-  wlucb 

w;Li  falil.  .1  to  t,i\u  a  man  bai  «  liu  )oulh. —  I  i  ni,  130. 

Pond  of  tho  Prophet  [The),  a 
well   of  life,  from  which   all   the   1 


PONENT  WIND. 


784 


POPE-FIGS. 


will  drink  before  they  enter  paradise. 
The  water  is  whiter  than  milk,  and  more 
fragrant  than  musk. 

Po'nent  Wind  {The),  the  west  wind, 
or  wind  from  the  sunset.  Lev'ant  is  the 
east  wind,  or  wind  from  the  sunrise. 

Forth  rush  the  Levant  and  the  Ponent  winds. 

Milton,  Paradue  Lost,  x.  704  (1685). 

Pongo, a  cross  between  "a  land-tiger 
and  a  sea-shark."  This  terrible  monster 
devastated  Sicily,  but  was  slain  by  the 
three  sons  of  St.  George. — K.  Johnson, 
The  Seven  Champions,  etc.  (1G17). 

Ponoc'rates  (4  s;/l.),  the  tutor  of 
Gargantua. — Rabelais,  Gargantua  (1533). 

Pons  Asino'rum  ("the  asses' 
bridge "),  the  fifth  proposition  bk.  i. 
of  Euclid's  Elements,  too  difficult  for 
"  asses  "  or  stupid  boys  to  get  over. 

Pontius  Pilate's  Body-Guard, 
the  1st  Foot  Regiment.  In  Picardy  the 
French  officers  wanted  to  make  out  that 
they  were  the  seniors,  and,  to  carry  their 
point,  vaunted  that  they  were  on  duty 
on  the  night  of  the  Crucifixion.  The 
colonel  of  the  1st  Foot  replied,  "  If  we 
had  been  on  guard,  we  should  not  have 
Blept  at  our  posts  "  (see  Matt,  xxviii.  13). 

Pontoys  (Stephen),  a  veteran  in  sir 
Hugo  de  Lacy'a  troop. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed'  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Pony     (Mr.      Garland's),    Whisker 

Poolo  (1  syl.),  in  Dorsetshire  ;  once 
"  a  young  and  lusty  sea-born  lass," 
courted  by  great  Albion,  who  had  by 
her  three  children,  Brunksey,  Fursey, 
and  [St.]  Hellen.  Thetis  was  indignant 
that  one  of  her  virgin  train  should  be 
guilty  of  such  indiscretion  ;  and,  to  pro- 
tect his  children  from  her  fury,  Albion 
placed  them  in  the  bosom  of  Poole,  and 
then  threw  his  arms  around  them. — M. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  ii.  (1612). 

Poor  (Father  of  the),  Bernard  Gilpin 
(1517-1583). 

Poor  Gentleman  (The),  a  comedy 
by  George  Coluian  the  younger  (1802). 
"The  poor  gentleman"  is  lieutenant 
Worthington,  discharged  from  the  army 
on  half-pay,  because  ins  arm  had  been 
crushed  l>y  a  shell  in  storming  Gibraltar. 
On  his  half-pay  he  had  to  support  him- 
self, li is  daughter  Emily,  an  old  corporal, 
and  a  maiden  sister-in-law.  Having  put 
b.is  name  to  a  bill  for  £500,  his  friend 


died  without  effecting  an  insurance,  and 
the  lieutenant  was  called  upon  for  pay- 
ment. Imprisonment  would  have  fol- 
lowed if  sir  Robert  Bramble  had  not 
most  generously  paid  the  money.  With 
this  piece  of  good  fortune  came  another — 
the  marriage  of  his  daughter  Emily  to 
Frederick  Bramble,  nephew  and  heir  of 
the  rich  baronet. 

Poor  John,  a  hake  dried  and  salted. 

Tis  well  thou  art  not  fish  ;  if  thou  hadst  [been],  thou 
hadst  been  Poor  John. — Shakespeare,  Romeo  and  Juliet, 
act  1.  sc.  1  (i5U7). 

Poor  Richard,  the  pseudonym  of 
Benjamin  Franklin,  under  which  he 
issued  a  series  of  almanacs,  which  he 
made  the  medium  of  teaching  thrift, 
temperance,  order,  cleanliness,  chastity, 
forgiveness,  and  so  on.  The  maxims  or 
precepts  of  these  almanacs  generally  end 
with  the  words,  "as  poor  Richard  says" 
(begun  in  1732). 

Poor  Robin,  the  pseudonym  of 
Robert  Herrick  the  poet,  under  which  ho 
issued  a  series  of  almanacs  (begun  in 
lo'OT). 

Poor  as  Lazarus,  that  is,  the  beg. 
gar  Lazarus,  in  the  parable  of  Dives  and 
Lazarus  (Luke  xvi.  19-31). 

Pope  ( To  drink  like  a).    Benedict  XII , 
was  an  enormous  eater,  and  such  a  hugo 
wine-drinker    that  he   gave   rise   to   the 
Bacchanalian  expression,  Hibumus  papa 
liter. 

Pope  Changing  His  Name.  Peter 
Hogsmouth,  or,  as  he  is  sometimes  called, 
Peter  di  Porca,  was  the  first  pope  to 
change  his  name.  He  called  himself 
Sergius  II.  (844-847).  Some  say  he 
thought  it  arrogant  to  be  called  Peter  II. 

Pope-Fig-lands,  protestant  coun- 
tries. The  Gaillardets,  being  shown  the 
pope's  image,  said,  "  A  rig  for  the  pope!" 
whereupon  their  whole  island  was  put  to 
the  sword,  and  the  name  changed  to 
Pope-fig-land,  the  people  being  called 
"  Pope-figs." — Rabelais,  Pantwj'ruel,  iv. 
45  (1545). 

The  allusion  is  to  the  kingdom  or 
Navarre,  once  protestant;  but  in  1512 
it  was  subjected  to  Ferdinand  the  Catho- 
lic. 

Pope-Pigs,  protestants.  The  nan  is 
was  given  to  the  Gaillardets,  for  sayiDj, 
"A  fig  for  the  pope  !  " 

They  were  made  tributaries  and  slaves  to  the  Papimans 
for  saying,  "  A  fig  for  ihe  pope's  image  1 "  and  never  after 


POPE  .T(».\X. 


m 


ronsn  plot. 


Hd  the  [Kxir  wretches  pcoauej,  Wit  Brarj  >'••"■  "'"  iIbtO 
m  at  their  doors,  ami  tln->  wen  phfusd  mil.  ball, 
•torin  .  famine,  ind  all  manner  ol  »JBI  I"  Punlshniant  of 
tin  :n  of  thai*  furcWllicr*.— landau.  S'tiiiMyru.  /.  iv. 
45  (l&ttj. 

Pope  Joan,  but  ween  Leo  IV.  and 
Benedict  III.,  and  called  John  [VIII.]. 
The  subject  "I'  this  scandalous  story  was 
an  English  girl,  educated  at  Cologne, 
who  left  her  borne  in  man's  disguise 
with  her  lover  (the  monk  Folda),  and 
went  to  Athena,  where  she  studied  law. 
She  wont  to  Rome  and  studied  theology, 
earning  su  great  a  reputation  that,  at  the 
death  of  Leo  IV.,  she  was  chosen  his 
Successor.  Her  Bex  was  discovered  by 
the  birth  of  a  child  while  she  was  going 
to  the  Lateran  Basilica,  between  the 
Coliseum  and  the  church  of  St.  Cle- 
ment. Pope  Joan  died,  and  was  buried, 
without  honours,  after  a  pontificate  of 
two  years  and  live  months  (853-865). — 
Marianus  Scotus  (who  died  1086). 

The  story  is  given  most  fully  by 
Martinus  Polonus,  confessor  to  Gregory 
X.,  and  the  tale  was  generally  believed 
till  the  Reformation,  There  is  a  German 
miracle-play  on  the  subject,  called  T/te 
Canonization  <>r'  Pope  Joan  (1480).  David 
Blondel,  a  Calrinist  divine,  has  written  a 
book  to  confute  the  tale. 

The  following  note  contains  the  chief 
points  of  interest: — 

Anastasius  the  librarian,  is  the  first  to 
mention  such  a  pope,  A.D.  Kc>6,  or  thirty 
years  after  the  death  of  .loan. 

Marianus  Scotus,  in  his  Chronicle,  says 
she  reigned  two  vears  five  months  and 
four  days  (H53-8,r>a).     Scotus  died  1086. 

Sigebert  de  Gemblours,  in  his  Chronicle, 
repeats  the  same  story  (1112). 

Otto  of  Freiaingen  and  Gotfrid  of  Vi- 
terboboth  mention  her  in  their  histories. 

Martin  Polonus  gives  a  very  full  ac- 
count of  the  matter.  He  says  she  went 
by  the  name  of  John  Anglus,  and  was 
born  at  Mctz,  of  English  parents.  While 
she  was  pope,  she  was  prematurely  de- 
li ered  of  a  child  in  the  street  ••  between 
the  Coliseum  and  St.  Clement's  Church." 

William  Ocham  alludes  to  the  Btory. 

Thomas  de  Klmhaiii  repeats  it  (1422). 

John  Buss  tells  us  her  baptismal  name 
was  not  Joan  but   Agnes. 

Others  insist  that  her  name  was  Gil- 
berta. 

In  the  Anruilrs  Avguttemi  (1186),  we 
are  told  her  papal  name  was  John  VI 11., 
and  that  eho  it  was  who  consecrated 
Louis  II.  of  France. 

Arguments  in  favour  of  the  allegation 
a'e  ijiv-en  by  Spanheim,  Exerdt.  de  V'liy.i 


Famina,  ii.  577  ;  in  Lenfaut,  IJistoire  de 
lit  Papeete  Jeanne. 

Arguments  against  t ho  allegation  are 
given  by  AUatiua  or  Allatus,  Conftttatio 
Fabttla    t/<;    Johanna     .  tnd    in 

Lequien,  Orient  Christianus,  iii.  777. 

Argnments  on  both  sides  are  given  in 
Cunningham's    translation    of     Hciseler, 
i  ii.   21,   '-".'  ;    and  in    Iji    I 
,  iii.,  art.  "  Papu 

%*   Gibbon   says,    "  Two    prote 
Blonde!  and  Bayle,  have  annihilated  the 

female  pope  j  Imt  the  expression  i-i  cer- 
tainly too  strong,  and  even  Mosbcim  ii 
more  than  half  inclined  to  believe  l lute 
really  was  such  a  person." 

Pope  of  Philosophy,  Aristotle 
(n.c.  884-822). 

Popes  (Titles  assumed  by).  "  I'ni- 
versal  Bishop,"  prior  to  Gregory  th« 
Great.  Gregory  the  Gnat  adopted  the 
style  of  "  Servus  Servorutn  "  (591). 

Martin  IV.  was  addressed  as  "the 
lamb  of  God  which  takest  away  the  sins 
of  the  world,"  to  which  was  added, 
'•  Grant  us  thy  peace  !  "  (1281). 

Leo  X.  was  styled,  by  the  council  of 
Lateran.    ••  Divine    Majesty,"  ••  Husband 

of  the  Church," "Prince  of  the  Apoc 

"The  Key  of  all  the  Universe,"  " The 
Pastor,  the  Physician,  and  a  God  pos- 
sessed of  all  power  both  in  heaven  and 
on  earth"  (1518). 

Paul  V.  styled  himself  "Monarch  of 
Christendom,"  "Supporter  of  the  Papal 
Omnipotence,"  "Vice-God,"  "  Lord  God 

the  Pope"  (1605). 

others,    after    Paul,   "Master   of    the 
World,"  "Pope  the  Universal  Father," 
"Judge    in   the    place  of    God,"  " 
gerent  of  the  Most  High."— Brady,  « 

Valendaria,  247  (If 

The-  pop*  assumes  supreme  dominion,   not  only  orrm 
IpirtuiaJ   Wit  tin  OTS  tcim-oral  air»ir>.    .Ijlln,; 
i  Iba  Catholic  ..r  Unlrarml  Churoh.  s 

of  its  lUtilits.  ami  Sovereign    KaUicr   of  all    tlie  Klinci  o< 
n  Uuse  Utlce,  ha  wnui  a  triple  crown, 
ona  as  li  .  '•'•"  "'"'>l  a»  a>i>>*£- 

II.  also  Wjitx  ki)».    to  denote 
Uie  gales  of  heaven  to  all  true  believers.  — Brady,  ix'  1. 

*«,*  For  the  first  five  centuries  the 
bishops  of  Rome  wore  a  bonnet,  like 
other  ecclesiastic*.  Pope  Hormisdaa 
placed  on  bis  bonnet  the  crown  sent  him 

I  Lfl  ;  Boniface  Till,  added  a 
second  crown  during  his  struggles  with 
Philip  the  Fair 5  and  John  XXII.  as- 
sumed the  third  crown. 

Popish   Plot,  ■    supposed    Roman 

Catholic  conspiracy  to  massacre  the  pro- 
l.   burn    London,  and  murder  the 

J    K 


POPPY.  786 


king  (Charles  II.).  This  fiction  was  con- 
cocted by  one  Titus  Gates,  who  made  a 
"  good  thing"  by  his  schemes  ;  but  being 
at  last  found  out,  was  pilloried,  whipped, 
and  imprisoned  (1678-9). 

Poppy  (Ned),  a  prosy  old  anecdote- 
teller,  with  a  marvellous  tendency  to 
digression. 

Ned  knew  exactly  what  parties  had  for  dinner,  .  .  . 
In  what  ditch  his  bay  horse  had  his  sprain,  .  .  .  and  how 
bis  man  John  -no,  it  was  William— started  a  hare,  .  .  . 
bo  that  be  never  got  to  the  end  of  his  tale. — Richard 
Bteele. 

Porch  (The).  The  Stoics  were  so 
called,  because  their  founder  gave  his 
lectures  in  the  Athenian  stoa  or  porch 
called  "  Poe'cile." 

The  successors  of  Socr5.tes  formed  .  .  .  the  Academy, 
the  Torch,  the  Garden. — Professor  Seeley,  Ecce  Homo. 

George  Herbert  has  a  poem  called 
The  Church  Torch  (six-line  stanzas).  It 
may  be  considered  introductory  to  his 
poem  entitled  The  Church  (Sapphic  verse 
and  sundry  other  metres). 

Porcius,  son  of  Cato  of  Utlca  (in 
Africa),  and  brother  of  Marcus.  Both 
brothers  were  in  love  with  Lucia  ;  but 
the  hot-headed,  impulsive  Marcus,  being 
slain  in  battle,  the  sage  and  temperate 
Porcius  was  without  a  rival. — J.  Addi- 
son, Cato  (1713). 

When  Sheridan  reproduced  Cato,  Wignell,  who  acted 
"  Porcius,"  omitted  the  prologue,  and  liegan  at  once  with 
the  lines,  "The  dawn  is  overcast,  the  morning  lowers  .  .  ." 
"The  prologue  1  the  prologue!"  shouted  tho  audience; 
and  Wignell  went  on  in  the  same  tone,  as  if  continuing 
hb  speech : 

Ladiesand  gentlemen,  there  has  not  been 
A  prologue  spoken  to  this  play  for  years 
And  heavily  on  clouds  brings  on  the  day. 
The  great,  th'  important  day,  big  with  the  fate 
Of  fa  to  and  of  Home. 

History  of  the  Stage. 

Porcupine  (Peter).  William  Cob- 
bett,  the  politician,  published  The  Hush- 
light  under  this  pseudonym  in  1800. 

Pornei'us  (3  syl.),  Fornication  per- 
sonified ;  one  of  the  four  sons  of  Anag'- 
nus  (inchastity),  his  brothers  being 
Mae'chus  (adultery),  Acath'arus,  and  Asel'- 
ges  (lascivioitsness).  He  began  the  battle 
of  Mansoul  by  encountering  Parthen'ia 
(maidenly  chastity),  but  "  the  martial 
maid  "  slew  him  with  her  spear.  (Greek, 
jxn-neia,  "fornication.") 

In  maids  his  joy ;  now  by  a  maid  defied. 
His  life  he  lost  and  all  his  former  pride. 
With  women  wotikl  he  live,  now  by  a  woman  died. 
Pbineas  Fletcher,  Tlte  Purple  Island,  xi.  (1633). 

Porphyrius,  in  Dryden's  drama  of 

Tyrannic  Love. 

Valeria,  laughter  of  Maximin,  having  killed  herself  for 
the  love  of  Porphyrius,  was  on  one  occasion  being  canted 
off  by  the  beams,  when  she  started  up  and  tnuted  one  of 
U<*  bearan  on  the  ears,  saying  to  hiiu : 


PORTIA. 

Hold  I  are  you  mad,  you  damned  confounded  daft 
I  am  to  rise  and  speak  the  epilogue. 

W.  C.  Kussell,  Representative  Acton,  IBS, 

Porphyro-Genitus  ("born  in  the 
Porphyra  "),  the  title  given  to  the  kings 
of  the  Eastern  empire,  from  the  apart- 
ments called  Porphyra,  set  apart  for  the 
empresses  during  confinement. 

There  he  found  Irene,  the  empress,  in  travail.  In  a 
house  anciently  appointed  for  the  empresses  during  child- 
birth. They  call  that  house  "  Porphyra,"  whence  the 
name  of  the  Porphyro-genlti  came  into  the  world. — See 
Selden.  TUlm  o/  Honour,  v.  61  (1614). 

Porrex,  younger  son  of  Gorboduc  a 
legendary  king  of  Britain.  He  drove  his 
elder  brother  Ferrex  from  the  kingdom, 
and,  when  Ferrex  returned  with  a  large 
army,  defeated  and  slew  him.  Porrex 
was  murdered  while  "slumbering  on  his 
careful  bed,"  by  his  own  mother,  who 
"  stabbed  him  to  the  heart  with  a  knife." 
— Thomas  Norton  and  Thomas  Sackville, 
Gorboduc  (a  tragedy,  1561-2). 

Por'sena,  a  legendary  king  of 
Etruria,  who  made  war  on  Rome  to  re- 
store Tarquin  to  the  throne. 

Lord  Macaulay  has  made  this  the  sub- 
ject of  one  of  liis  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome 
(1842). 

Port'amour,  Cupid's  sheriffs  officer, 
who  summoned  offending  lovers  to 
"  love's  Judgment  Hall."  —  Spenser, 
Faery  Queen,  vi.  7  (1596). 

Porteous  (Captain  John),  an  officer 
of  the  city  guard.  He  is  hanged  by  the 
mob  (1736). 

Mrs.  Porteous,  wife  of  the  captain. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Portia,  the  wife  of  Pontius  Pilate. 

Portia,  wife  of  Marcus  Brutus. 
Valerius  Maximus  says :  "  She,  being 
determined  to  kill  herself,  took  hot 
burning  coals  into  her  mouth,  and  kept 
her  lips  closed  till  she  was  suffocated  by 
the  smoke." 

With  this  she  [Portia]  fell  distract. 
And,  her  attendants  absent,  swallowed  lire 
Shakespeare,  Julius  Ccesar,  act  ir.  sc.  3  f.SG7). 

Por'tia,  a  rich  heiress,  in  love  with 
Bassa'nio  ;  but  her  choice  of  a  husband 
was  restricted  by  her  father's  will  to  the 
following  condition  :  Her  suitors  were  to 
select  from  three  caskets,  one  of  gold, 
one  of  silver,  and  one  of  lead,  and  he 
who  selected  the  casket  which  contained 
Portia's  picture  was  to  claim  her  as  his 
wife.  Bassanio  chose  the  lead,  and  being 
successful,  became  the  espoused  husband. 
Tt  ko  happened  that  Bassanio  had  bor- 


PORTLAND  PLACE. 


787 


POTT. 


rowed  3000  ducats,  and  Anthonio,  a 
Venetian  merchant,  was  his  security. 
The  money  was  borrowed  of  Shy  lock  a 
Jew,  on  these  conditions  :  If  the  loan 
was  repaid  within  three  months,  only  the 

Jrincipal  would  be  required  ;  if  not,  the 
ew  should  he  at  liberty  to  claim  a  pound 
of  flesh  from  Anthonio's  body.  The  loan 
was  not  repaid,  and  the  Jew  demanded 
the  forfeiture.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a 
law  doctor,  conducted  the  defence,  and 
saved  Anthonio  by  reminding  the  Jew 
that  a  pound  of  Jlesli  gave  him  no  drop  of 
blood,  and  that  he  must  cut  neither  more 
nor  less  than  an  exact  pound,  otherwise 
his  life  would  be  forfeit.  As  it  would 
be  plainly  impossible  to  fulfil  these 
conditions,  the  Jew  gave  up  his  claim, 
and  Anthonio  was  saved. — Shakespeare, 
Merchant  of  Venice  (1598). 

Portland  Place  (London).  So  called 
from  William  Lentick,  second  duke  of 
Portland,  who  married  Margaret,  only 
child  of  Edward  second  earl  of  Oxford 
and  Mortimer.     From    these  came  Mar- 

faret  Street,  I'cntick  Street,  Duke  Street, 
>uchess  Street,  and  Portland  I'lacc. 

Portnaan  Square  (London).  So 
called  from  William  Henry  Portman, 
owner  of  the  estate  in  which  the  Square 
and  Orchard  Street  both  stand. 

Portsmouth  (The  duchess  of),  "La 
Belle  Louise  de  Querouaille,"  one  of  the 
mistresses  of  Charles  II. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Portuguese  Cid  (The),  Nunez 
Alvarez  Pereira  (13G0-1431). 

Portuguese  Horace  (The),  An- 
tonio Ferreira  (1528-1569). 

Possunt,  quia  Posse  Videntur. 
Fail  not  to  will,  and  you  will  not  fail. — 
Virgil,  JEncid,  v.  231." 

Posthu'mus  [I.KONATirs]  married 
Imogen,  daughter  of  Cymheline  king  of 
Britain,  and  was  banished  (lie  kingdom  for 

life.  He  went  to  Italy,  and  there,  in  the 
house  of  Philario,  bet  a  diamond  ring  with 
[achimo  that  nothing  could  seduce  the 
fidelity  of  Imogen.  Iachimo accepted  the 
bet,  concealed  himself  in  a  chest  in  Imo- 
gen's chamber,  madehimself master  od  cer- 
tain details  and  also  of  a  bracelet,  and  with 
these  vouchers  claimed  the  ring.  Post- 
hinnus  now  ordered  his  servant  l'isanio 
to  inveigle  Imogen  to  Milford  Haven 
under  the  promise  of  meeting  her  husband, 
and  to  murder  her  "ii  the  road  ;  but 
Pisanio    told    Imogen    to   assume    boy's 


apparel,  and  enter  the  service  of  the 
Soman  genera]  in  Britain,  as  a  page.  A 
battle  being  fought,  the  Roman  general, 
Iachimo,    and    In,  ig    the 

captives  ;  and  Posthumus,  having  done 
great  service  in  the  battle  on  Cymbeline's 
behalf,  was  pardoned.  The  Human 
general  prayed  that  the  supposed  {>a^e 
might  be  set  at  liberty,  and  the  kin;,'  told 
her  she  might  also  claim  a  boon,  where- 
upon she  asked  that  Iachimo  should  st/.te 
how  he  became  possessed  of  the  ring  he 
was  wearing.  The  whole  villainy  being 
thus  exposed,  Imogen's  innocence  was 
fully  established,  and  she  was  re-united 
to  her  husband. — Shakesjtcare,  CynJjetine 
(1C05). 

Potage  (Jean),  the  French  "Jack 
Pudding  ;  "  similar  to  the  Italian  "  Maca- 
roni," the  Dutch  "  Pickel-herringe,"  and 
the  German  "  Hanswurst."  Clumsy,  gor- 
mandizing clowns,  fond  of  practical  jokea, 
especially  such  as  stealing  eatables  and 
drinkables. 

Pother  (Doctor),  an  apothecary, 
"city  register,  and  walking  story-book." 
He  had  a  story  a  propot  of  every  remark 
made  and  of  every  incident  ;  but  as  he 
mixed  two  or  three  together,  his  storiea 
were  pointless  and  quite  unintelligible. 
"  I  know  a  monstrous  good  story  on  that 
point.  He!  he!  he!"  "I'll  tell  you  a 
famous  good  story  about  that,  you  must 
know.  He!  he  !  he  !  ..."  "I  could 
have  told  a  capital  story,  bat  there  was 
no  one  to  listen  to  it."  He!  he!  he!" 
This  is  the  style  of  his  chattering  .  .  . 
"  speaking  professionally — for-anatomy, 
chemistry,  pharmacy,  phlebotomy,  oxy- 
gen, hydrogen,  caloric,  carbonic,  atmos- 
pheric, galvanic  Ha!  ha!  ha!  Can  tell 
you  a  prodigiously  laughable  story  on 
the    subject.      W'.nt     last     summer    to     fi 

watering-place — lady  of  fashion — feel 
pulse — not  lady,  but  lap-dog — talk  Latin — 

prescribe  galvanism— out  jumped  Pompey 

plump  into  a  batter  pudding,  and  lay- 
like  a  toad  in  a  hole.  11a  !  ha  !  ha  !  "— 
Dibdin.  The  Farmer'*  Wife  (1780). 

%*  Colman,s"011apod"(1802)  was  evi- 
dently copied  from  Dibdin's  "doctor 
Pother." 

Potiphar's  Wife,  Zoleikba  or 
Zuleika  ;  but  some  call  her  Iuii'l. — Sale, 
At  Koran,  xii.  note. 

Pott  (Mr.),  the  librarian  at  (he  Spa. 

Mrs,  1'ott,  the  librarian's  wife. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  iit.  Iiotuih'x  Well  (time,  tieorc^ 
111.). 


POTTERIES. 


788 


PRASILDO. 


Potteries  {Father  of  the),  Josiah 
Wedgewood  (1730-1795). 

Pounce  {Mr.  Peter),  in  The  Ad- 
ventures of  Joseph  Andrews,  by  Fielding 
(1742). 

Poundtext  {Peter),  an  "  indulged 
pastor  "  in  the  covenanters'  army. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Pourceaugnac  [Poor-sone-y  a  ft],  the 
hero  of  a  comedy  so  called.  He  is  a 
pompous  country  gentleman,  who  comes 
to  Paris  to  marry  Julie,  daughter  of 
Oronte  (2  syl.) ;  but  Julie  loves  Eraste 
(2  syl.),  and  this  young  man  plays  off  so 
many  tricks,  and  devises  so  many 
mystifications  upon  M.  de  Pourceaug- 
nac, that  he  is  fain  to  give  up  his  suit. — 
Moliere,  M.  de  Pourceaugnac  (1009). 

Pou  StO,  the  means  of  doing. 
Archimedes  said,  "  Give  me  pou  sto  ('a 
place  to  stand  on '),  and  I  could  move  the 
world." 

Who  learns  the  one  pou  ttu  whence  after-hands 
May  move  the  world. 

Poussin  {The  British),  Richard 
Cooper  (*-1800). 

Poussin  {Gaspar).  So  Caspar  Dughet, 
the  French  painter,  is  called  (1013-1075). 

Powell  {Mary),  the  pseudonym  of 
Mrs.  Richard  Rathbone. 

Powheid  {I,azarus),  the  old  sexton 
in  Douglas. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dan- 
gerous (time,  Henry  I.). 

Poyning's  Law,  a  statute  to 
establish  the  English  jurisdiction  in 
Ireland.  The  parliament  that  passed  it 
was  summoned  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VII.  bv  sir  Edward  Poynings,  governor 
of  Ireland  (1495). 

P.  P.,  "Clerk  of  the  Parish,"  the 
feigned  signature  of  Dr.  Arbuthnot, 
subscribed  to  a  volume  of  Memoirs  in 
ridicule  of  Burnet's  History  of  My  Own 
Times. 

Those  who  were  placed  around  the  dinner-table  had 
those  feelings  of  awe  with  which  /'.  P..  Clerk  of  the  I'arith 
was  oppressed,  when  he  first  uplifted  the  psalm  in  pre- 
sence of  .  .  .  the  wise  Mr.  justice  Freeman,  the  good 
lady  Jones,  and  the  great  sir  Thomas  Truby. — Sir  W. 
Scott 

Pragmatic  Sanction.  The  word 
pragmaticus  means  "relating  to  State 
atr'airs,"  and  the  word  sanctio  means  "an 
ordinance  "  or  "  decree."  The  four  most 
famous  statutes  so  called  are  : 

1.  The  J'ragmatic  Sanction  of  St.  Louis 
(1268),  which  forbade  the  court  of  Rome 
to  levy  taxes  or  collect  subscriptions  in 


France  without  the  express  permission  of 
the  king.  It  also  gave  permission  in 
certain  cases  of  French  subjects  appeal- 
ing from  the  ecclesiastical  to  the  civil 
courts  of  the  realm. 

2.  The  Pragmatic  Sanction  of  Bourges, 
passed  by  Charles  VII.  of  France  in 
1438.  By  this  ordinance,  the  power  of 
the  pope  in  France  was  limited  and 
defined.  The  authority  of  the  National 
Council  was  declared  superior  to  that  of 
the  pope.  The  French  clergy  were  for- 
bidden to  appeal  to  Rome  on  any  point 
affecting  the  secular  condition  of  the 
nation ;  and  the  Roman  pontiff  was 
wholly  forbidden  to  appropriate  to  him- 
self any  vacant  living,  or  to  appoint  to 
any  bishopric  or  parish  church  in  France. 

3.  The  Pragmatic  Sanction  of  kaiser 
Karl  VI.  of  Germany  (in  1713),  which 
settled  the  empire  on  his  daughter,  the 
archduchess  Maria  Theresa,  wife  of 
Francois  de  Loraine.  Maria  Theresa 
ascended  the  throne  in  1740,  and  a 
European  war  was  the  result. 

4.  The  Pragmatic  Sanction  of  Charles 
III.  of  Spain  (17G7).  This  was  to  sup- 
press the  Jesuits  of  Spain. 

What  is  meant  emphatically  by  The 
Pragmatic  Sanction  is  the  third  of  these 
ordinances,  viz.,  settling  the  line  of  suc- 
cession in  Germany  on  the  house  of 
Austria. 

Praise  Undeserved. 

Praise  undeserved  U  scandal  [?  censure]  In  disguise 
Pope,  Imitation*  of  JJoruce.  i.  -U3  11730). 

Pramnian  Mixture  {The),  any 
intoxicating  draught ;  so  called  from  the 
Pramnian  grape,  from  which  it  was 
made.  Circe  gave  Ulysses  "Pramnian 
wine  "  impregnated  with  drugs,  in  order 
to  prevent  his  escape  from  the  island. 

And  for  my  drink  prepared 
The  Pramnian  mixture  in  a  golden  cup. 
Impregnating  (on  my  destruction  bent) 
With  noxious  herbs  the  draught. 

Homer,  Odyuey.  x.  (Cowper's  trans.). 

Prasildo,  a  Babylonish  nobleman, 
who  falls  in  love  with  Tisbi'na  wife  oi 
his  friend  Iroldo.  He  is  overheard  by 
Tisbina  threatening  to  kill  himself,  and, 
in  order  to  divert  him  from  his  guilty 
passion,  she  promises  to  return  his  love 
on  condition  of  his  performing  certain 
adventures  which  she  thinks  to  be  im- 
possible. However,  Prasildo  performs 
them  all,  and  then  Tisbina  and  Iroldo, 
rinding  no  excuse,  take  poison  to  avoid 
the  alternative.  Prasildo  resolves  to  do 
the  same,  but  is  told  by  the  apothecary 
that  the  "  poison  "  he  had  supplied  was 
a    harmless    drink.      Prasildo    tells    his 


PRASUTAGUS. 


799 


PRECOCIOUS  GENIUS. 


friend,  Iroldo  qiiita  the  country,  and 
Tisbina  marries  l'rasildo.  Time  passes 
on,  and  Prasildo  hears  that  his  friend's 
life  is  in  danger,  whereupon  he  starts 
forth  to  rescue  him  at  the  hazard  of  his 
own  life. — Bojardo,  Orlando  Innainorato 
(1495). 

Prasu'tagus  or  Preesu'tagus, 
husband  of  Bonduica  or  Boadicea  queen 
of  the  Iceni. — Richard  of  Cirencester, 
History,  xxx.  (fourteenth  century). 

Me.  the  wife  of  rich  Prn.sut.isus;  me,  the  lover  of  liberty, — 
*i«  they  seized,  ami  BM  they  tortured  I 

Tennyson,  Boadicea. 

Prate'fast  (Peter),  who  "in  all  his 
life  spake  no  word  in  waste."  His  wife 
was  Maude,  and  his  eldest  son  Sym  Sadie 
Gander,  who  married  Rctres  (daughter  of 
Davy  Dronken  Nolo  of  Kent  and  his  wife 
Al'yson). — Stephen  1 1  awes.  The  Passe- 
tvme  of  Plesure,  xxix.  (1515). 

Prattle  {Mr.),  medical  practitioner, 
a  voluble  gossip,  who  retails  all  the  news 
and  scandal  of  the  neighbourhood.  He 
knows  everybody,  everybody's  affairs, 
and  everybody's  intentions. — G.  Colman, 
senior,  The  Deuce  is  in  Jlim  (1762). 

Prayer.  Every  Mohammedan  must 
pray  five  times  a  day  :  at  sunset,  at 
nightfall,  at  daybreak,  at  noon,  and  at 
Asr  or  evensong  (about  three  o'clock). 

Pre -Adamite  Kings,  Soliman 
Road,  Soliman  Daki,  and  Soliman  di 
Gian  ben  Gian.  The  last-named,  having 
chained  up  the  dives  (1  s;/l.)  in  the  dark 
caverns  of  Kaf,  became  so  presumptuous 
as  to  dispute  the  Supreme  Power.  All 
these  kings  maintained  great  state  [be- 
fore the  existence  of  that  contemptible 
being  denominated  by  us  "The  Father  of 
Mankind  "]  ;  but  none  can  be  compared 
with  the  eminence  of  Soliman  ben 
Daoud. 

Pre-Adamite  Throne  {The).     It 

Wiis  Yathek's  ambition  to  gain  the  pre- 
Adamite  throne.  After  long  search,  he 
was  shown  it  at  last  in  the  abyss  of 
Eblis  ;  but  being  there,  return  was  im- 
possible, and  he  remained  a  prisoner 
without  hope  for  ever. 

Thry  reached  at  length  the  hall  f.t  rytnik)  of  (.Tent  extent, 

aih!  covered  with  a  loft)  dome Lftmereel  gloom  pre- 

railed  over  it.  Here,  upon  two  l«->l-i  of  Incorruptible 
oodar,  lay  ret'uml>cnt  the  ftf hUm  f-.rnia  <>f  toe  pre- 
Aihmikc  kJagtj  who  bed  once  been  monercbe  of  the 
whole  earth,  ...  At  their  feel  ware  huerlbed  the  erenti 
of  their  esTeral  riik-na.  tiuir  power,  their  pride,  end  their 
Crimea.  [ThU  wu  «Ao  ireAUimitr  throne,  tha  <im- 
bltivn  n/  the  mlifh  Yat/tcK  i—W.  liuckford.  Yatlurk 
U7S4). 

Proa^bei*  ( The),  Solomon,  the  son  of 


David,  author  of  The  Treacher  (i.e.  J5r> 
desiastes). 

Thus  salth  the  Preacher,  "  Niwmht  beneath  the  son 
Is  new  ; "  let  itlll  from  change  to  change  we  run. 

Dyron. 

Preacher  (The  Glorious),  St.  ChryB'oe- 
tom  (347  -407).  The  name  means  "Golden 
mouth." 

Preacher  (The  Little),  Samuel  de  Ma- 
rets,  protestant  controversialist  (1599- 
1663). 

Preacher  (TJie  Unfair).  Dr. 
Barrow  was  so  called  by  Charles  II., 
because  his  sermons  were  so  exhaustive 
that  they  left  nothing  more  to  be  said  on 
the  subject,  which  was  "unfair"  to  those 
who  came  after  him. 

Preachers  (Tlie  king  of),  Louis 
Bourdaloue  (1632  1704). 

Precieuses  Ridicules  (Pes),  a 
comedy  by  Moliere,  in  ridicule  of  the 
" precieuses,"  as  they  were  styled,  form- 
ing the  coterie  of  the  Hotel  de  Rarubouil- 
let  in  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
soirees  held  in  this  hotel  were  a  great 
improvement  on  the  licentious  assemblies 
of  the  period  ;  but  many  imitators  made 
the  tiling  ridiculous,  because  they  wanted 
the  same  presiding  talent  and  good  taste. 

The  two  girls  of  Moliere's  comedy  are 
Madelon  and  Cathos,  the  daughter  and 
niece  of  Gorgibus  a  bourgeois.  They 
change  their  names  to  Polixene  and 
Aminte,  which  they  think  more  genteel, 
and  look  on  the  affectations  of  two  nnnkiea 
as  far  more  distiwjue's  than  the  simple 
gentlemanly  manners  of  their  masters. 
However,  they  are  cured  of  their  folly, 
and  no  harm  comes  of  it  (1659). 

Preciosa,  the  heroine  of  Longfellow's 
Spanish  Student,  in  love  with  Victorian 
the  Student. 

Precocious  Genius. 
Johann  Philip  IJakatiku,  a  German, 
at  the  age  of  live  years,  knew  Greek, 

Latin,  and  French,  besides  his  native 
German.  At  nine  lie  knew  Hebrew  and 
Chaldaic,  and  could  translate  German  into 
Latin.  At  thirteen  he  could  translate 
Hebrew  into  French,  or  French  into 
Hebrew  (1721-1740). 

%*  The  life  of  this  boy  was  written  by 
Fonney.     His  name  is  enrolled    in  all 

biographical  dictionaries. 

CiiKisriAN  Hknuv  Hkinkckkn,  at 
one  year  old,  knew  the  chief  events  of 
the  Pentateuch  !  !  at  thirteen  months  he 
knew  the  history  of  the  Old  Testament!  ! 
at  fourteen  mouths  he  knew  the  history 


PRESS^US. 


790 


PRETENDER. 


of  the  New  Testament  ! !  at  two  and  a 
half  years  he  could  answer  any  ordinary 
question  of  history  or  geography  ;  and  at 
three  years  old  knew  French  and  Latin 
as  well  as  his  native  German  (1721- 
1725). 

***  The  life  of  this  boy  was  written 
by  Schoeneich,  his  teacher.  His  name  is 
duly  noticed  in  biographical  dictionaries. 

Pressseus  ("eater  of  garlic"),  the 
youngest  of  the  frog  chieftains. 

Then  pious  ardour  young  Pressajus  brings. 
Betwixt  the  fortunes  of  contending  kings  ; 
Lank,  harmless  frog  I  with  forces  hardly  grown. 
He  cUrts  the  reed  In  combats  not  his  own, 
Which,  faintly  tinkling  on  Troxartas'  shield, 
Hangs  at  the  point,  and  drops  upon  the  field. 
Pamell,  Battle  of  the  Frogs  and  nice,  iii.  (about  1712). 

Prest,  a  nickname  given  by  Swift  to 
the  duchess  of  Shrewsbury,  who  was  a 
foreigner. 

Prester  John,  a  corruption  of  Belul 
Gian,  meaning  "precious  stone."  Gian 
(pronounced  zjori)  has  been  corrupted 
into  John,  and  Belul  translated  into 
"  precious  ;"  in  Latin  Johannes  preciosus 
("precious  John"),  corrupted  into  "Pres- 
byter Joannes."  The  kings  of  Ethiopia 
or  Abyssinia,  from  a  gemmed  ring  given 
to  queen  Saba,  whose  son  by  Solomon 
'  was  king  of  Ethiopia,  and  was  called 
Melech  with  the  "precious  stone,"  or 
Melech  Gian-Bclul. 

iEthiopee  reuem  suum,  quern  nos  vulgo  "Prete  Gianni" 
corrupte  dlcimus,  quarunr  appellant  nominibus,  quorum 
primum  est  "  Belul  Gian,"  hoc  est  la/  it  preciosut. 
Ductum  est  autem  hoc  noiucn  ab  annulo  Satomonit  quem 
ille  fillo  ex  regiha  Saba,  ut  putant  genito,  dono  dedisse, 
quove  omnes  postea  reges  usos  fuisse  describitur.  .  .  . 
Cum  vero  euin  roronant,  appellant  "  Neghuz."  Postremo 
cum  vertice  capitis  in  coronae  modum  abraso,  ungitur  a 
patriarcha,  vocant  "  Masih,"  hoc  est  mictum.  Haec 
autem  regije  dignitatis  noinina  omnibus  communis  sunt. 
— Quoted  by  Selden,  from  a  little  annal  of  the  Ethiopian 
kings  (1552),  in  his  Titles  of  Honour,  v.  65  (1614). 

*#*  As  this  title  was  like  the  Egyptian 
Pharaoh,  and  belonged  to  whole  lines  of 
kings,  it  will  explain  the  enormous 
diversity  of  time  allotted  by  different 
writers  to  "  Prester  John." 

Marco  Polo  says  that  Prester  John  was 
slain  in  battle  by  Jenghiz  Khan ;  and 
Gregory  Bar-Hebrteus says,  "God forsook 
him  because  he  had  taken  to  himself  a 
wife  of  the  Zinish  nation,  called  Quara- 
khata." 

Bishop  Jordanus,  in  his  description  of 
the  world,  sets  down  Abyssinia  as  the 
kingdom  of  Prester  John.  Abyssinia 
used  to  be  called  "Middle  India." 

Otto  of  Freisingen  is  the  iirst  author  to 
mention  him.  This  Otto  wrote  a  chro- 
nicle to  the  date  115(3.  He  says  that 
John  was  of  the  family  of  the  Magi,  and 
ruled  over  the  country  of  these  Wise  Men. 


Otto  tells  us  that  Prester  John  had  "  a 
sceptre  of  emeralds." 

Maimonides,  about  the  Bame  time 
(twelfth  century),  mentions  him,  but  calls 
him  "  Preste-Cuan." 

Before  1241  a  letter  was  addressed  by 
"Prester  John"  to  Manuel  Comnenus, 
emperor  of  Constantinople.  It  is  pre- 
served in  the  Chronicle  of  Albericus 
Trium  Fontium,  who  gives  for  its  date 
1165. 

Mandeville  calls  Prester  John  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Ogier  the  Dane.  He  tells 
us  that  Ogier,  with  fifteen  others,  pene- 
trated into  the  north  of  India,  and 
divided  the  land  amongst  his  followers. 
John  was  made  sovereign  of  Teneduc, 
and  was  called  "Prester"  because  he 
Converted  the  natives  to  the  Christian 
faith. 

Another  tradition  says  that  Prester 
John  had  seventy  kings  for  his  vassals, 
and  was  seen  by  his  subjects  only  three 
times  in  a  year. 

In  Orlando  Furioso,  Prester  John  is 
called  by  his  subjects  "  Senapus  king  of 
Ethiopia."  He  was  blind,  and  though  the 
richest  monarch  of  the  world,  he  pined 
with  famine,  because  harpies  flew  off 
with  his  food,  by  way  of  punishment  for 
wanting  to  add  paradise  to  his  empire. 
The  plague,  says  the  poet,  was  to  cease 
"when  a  stranger  appeared  on  a  flying 
griffin."  This  stranger  was  Astolpho, 
who  drove  the  harpies  to  Cocy'tus. 
Prester  John,  in  return  for  this  service, 
sent  100,000  Nubians  to  the  aid  of 
Charlemagne.  Astolpho  supplied  this 
contingent  with  horses  by  throwing 
stones  into  the  air,  and  made  transport- 
ships  to  convey  them  to  France  by  casting 
leaves  into  the  sea.  After  the  death  of 
Agramant,  the  Nubians  were  sent  home, 
and  then  the  horses  became  stones  again, 
and  the  ships  became  leaves  (bks.  xvii. 
xix.). 

Pretender  (The  Young),  prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart,  son  of  James 
Francis  Edward  Stuart  (called  "  The  Old 
Pretender").  James  Francis  was  the  son 
of  James  II.,  and  Charles  Edward  was 
the  king's  grandson. —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Charles  Edward  was  defeated  at  Cullo 
den  in  1746,  and  escaped  to  the  Con- 
tinent. 

God  bless  the  king — I  mean  the  "  Faith's  Defender ; " 
God  bless — no  harm  in  blessing — the  Pretender. 
Who  that  Pretender  Is,  and  who  Is  king, 
God  bless  us  all  1  that's  quite  another  thing. 

Ascribed  by  sir  W.  Scott  to  Joha 
Byrom  (in  Kedgauntltt). 


PRETTYMAN. 


791 


I' KIM  ROSE. 


The  mistress  of  Charles  Edward  Stuart 
Was  Mis*  Walkingahaw. 

Prettyman  (Prince),  in  love  with 
Cioris.  He  is  sometimes  a  fisherman, 
and  sometimes  a  [prince. — Duke  of  Buck- 
ingham, The  Rehearsal  (K',7ij. 

%*  "Prince  Pretty  man"  is  said  to  be 
a  parody  on  "Leonidas"  in  Dryden's 
Marrkkje  u-la-mode. 

Pri'amua    (Sir),    a    knight   of   the 

T  Round  Table,     lie  possessed  a  phial,  full 

of  four  waters  that  came  from  paradise. 

These  waters  instantly  healed  any  wounds 

which  were  touched  by  them. 

"  My  father,"  says  sir  i'rianois,  "  is  lineally  descended 
of  Alexander  and  of  Hector  by  rinht  line.  Duke  Joaufl 
and  Machabreus  were  of  our  lincaKC.  I  am  rlcht  inheritor 
of  Alexandria,  and  AfTrike.  of  all  Uie  out  isles." 

And  I'riainus  took  from  his  |mk'u  a  phial,  full  of  four 
waters  that  came  out  of  paradise  ;  anil  with  certain  balm 
nointed  he  their  wounds,  and  waehed  them  with  that 
water,  and  within  an  hour  after,  they  wert-  both  as  whole 
as  ever  they  were.— Sir  T.  Malory,  llutury  of  1'rince 
Arthur,  I.  117  (1470). 

Price  [Matilda),  a  miller's  daughter ; 
a  pretty,  coquettish  young  woman,  who 
marries  John  Browdie,  a  hearty  York- 
shire com-factor. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas 
Nickleby  (1838). 

Pride.  "  Fly  pride,  saj's  the  peacock," 
proverbial  for  pride.  —  Shakespeare, 
Comedy  of  Errors,  act  iv.  sc.  3  (1593). 

Pride  (Sir),  first  a  drayman,  then  a 
colonel  in  the  parliamentary  army. — S. 
Butler,  Hiulibras  (1GG3-78). 

Pride  of  Humility.  Antisthcncs, 
the  Cynic,  affected  a  very  ragged  coat; 
but  Socratxs  said  to  him,  u  AntisthenSs, 
I  can  see  your  vanity  peering  through  the 
holes  of  your  coat." 

Pride's  Purge,  a  violent  invasion  of 
parliamentary  rights  by  colonel  Pride,  in 
1649.  At  the  head  of  two  regimi 
soldiers,  he  surrounded  the  House  of 
Commons,  seized  forty-one  of  the  mem- 
bers, and  shut  out  160  others.  None 
•rere  allowed  into  the  House  bnt  those 
niost  friendly  to  Cromwell.  Thi 
end  went  by  the  name  of  "  the  Rump." 

Pridwin  or  Pbiwxs,  prince  Arthur's 
shield. 

Arthur  placed  a  golden  helmet  upon  his  head,  on  which 
Wtis  engraven  the  BgUn  of  a  dragon  ;  and  on  In*  ihouldefl 

his  shield  called  l'riwen,  upon  which  the  picture  of  the 
blessed  Mary,  mother  of  God.  was  painted  ;  then  trinliiiR 
on  in  I'liliiiurn.  which  was  an  excellent  iword,  made  la 
the  Isle  of  Avnllon  :  he  took  in  his  right  hand  In-  lime 
Kon,  which  was  hanl.  broad,  and  lit  tor  daughter.— 
Geoffrey,  Hritish  llut«ry,  ix.  4  (I14S), 

Priest  of  Nature,  sir  Isaac  Newton 
0642-1727). 


Iol  Newton,  priest  of  nature,  shines  afar. 
Scans  t.  ..-,d  nuaaban evarj  leal 

Campbell.  J'Uuturu  o/  Bof.  L  (17»). 

Prig,  a  knavish  beggar. —  Beaomonl 
and  Fletcher,  The  Bush  (1622). 

Prig  (Betsey),  an  old  monthly  nurse, 
"the  frequent  pardner*1  of  Mr.-.  Gamp; 
equally  ignorant,  equally  vulgar,  equally 
selfish,  and  brutal  to  her  patients. 

"Betsey."  said  Mrs.  Qai  r  own  glia,  and 

peeling  the  Inl  "I  will  now  propoge  a  toaatt 

Hjr  frequent  pardner  BeUey  Prig." "  "VI  • 

name  to  Baiiah  (Jiunp,  i  drink."  said  Mr.%.  i'ri^,  "  vita 
love  and  tenderness." — C.  liitkens,  ilarim  ituoln*, 
xilx.  (1843). 

Prim'er  (Peter),  a  pedantic  country 
schoolmaster,  who  believes  himself  to  be 
the  wisest  of  pedagogues. — Samuel  Foote 

The  Mayor  of  Uarratt  (1763). 

Primitive  Fathers  (T7x).  The 
five  apostolic  fathers  contemporary  with 
the  apostles  (viz.,  Clement  of  Rome, 
Rarn&bas,  Hernias,  Ignatius,  and  Poly- 
carp),  and  the  nine  following,  who  .-ill 
lived  in  the  first  three  centuries  : — .lustin, 
Theoph'ilus  of  Antioch,  lrenaus,  Clement 
of  Alexandria,  Cyprian  of  Carthage, 
Orlgen,  Gregory  "Thaumatur'gua,"  I'io- 
nysius  of  Alexandria,  and  TertuUian. 

*%*  For  the  "  Fathers"  of  the  fourth 
and  fifth  centuries,  see  Grekk  Chttboh, 
Latin  Chtjboh. 

Primrose  (Tlie  Put.  I>r.  Charles), 
a  clergyman,  rich  in  heavenly  wisdom, 
but  poor  indeed  in  all  worldly  knowledge. 
Amiable, charitable,  devout,  bul  not  with- 
out his  literary  vanity,  especially  00  the 
Whistoniau  theory  about  second  mar- 
riages. One  admires  his  virtuous  indig- 
nation against  the  "washes,"  which  ho 
deliberately  demolished  with  the  poker. 
In  his  prosperity,  his  chief  "adventures 
were  by  the  fireside,  and  all  his  migrations 

were  from  the  blue  bed  to  the  brown." 

Mrs.  \  Deborah']  Primrose,  the  doctor's 
wife,  full  of  motherly  vanit\  ,  and  dl 

to  appear  genteel.  She  could  read  with- 
out much  spelling,  prided  herself  on  her 
housewifi  ry,  especially  on  her  gooseberr. 

wine,   and    was    really   proud    of   her   ex- 
cellent husband. 
(She  was  painted  as  "Venus,*1  and  the 

vicar,  in  gown  and  bands,  was  presenting 
to  her  his  hook   on    •«  second    marr. 
but  when  complete  the  picture  was  found 
to  be  too  large  for  the  house.) 

vicar.  He 
Went  to  Amsterdam  to  teach  the  Dutch 
English,  but  never  once  called  to  mind 
that  he  himseli  mil.-:  know  something  of 
Hutch    before    this   could    be  done.     He 


PRIMUM  MOBILE. 


792 


PRINTED  BOOKS. 


becomes  captain  Primrose,  and  marries 
Miss  Wilmot,  an  heiress. 

(Goldsmith  himself  went  to  teach  the 
French  English  under  the  same  circum- 
stances.) 

Muses  Primrose,  younger  son  of  the 
vicar,  noted  for  his  greenness  and  pe- 
dantry. Being  sent  to  sell  a  good  horse 
at  a  fair,  he  bartered  it  for  a  gross  of 
green  spectacles,  with  copper  rims  and 
shagreen  cases,  of  no  more  value  than 
Hodge's  razors  (ch.  xii.). 

Olivia  Primrose,  the  eldest  daughter  of 
tl  e  doctor.  Pretty,  enthusiastic,  a  sort 
of  Hebe  in  beauty.  "  She  wished  for 
man)'  lovers,"  and  eloped  with  squire 
Thomhill.  Her  father  found  her  at  a 
roadside  inn,  called  the  Harrow,  where 
she  was  on  the  point  of  being  turned  out 
of  the  house.  Subsequently,  she  was  found 
to  be  legally  married  to  the  squire. 

Sophia  Primrose,  the  second  daughter 
of  Dr.  Primrose.  She  was  "soft,  modest, 
and  alluring."  Not  like  her  sister, 
desirous  of  winning  all,  but  fixing  her 
whole  heart  upon  one.  Being  thrown 
from  her  horse  into  a  deep  stream,  she 
was  rescued  by  Mr.  Burchell  (alias  sir 
William  Thornhill),  and  being  abducted, 
was  again  rescued  by  him.  She  married 
him  at  last. — Goldsmith,  Vicar  of  Wake- 
field (1766). 

Primum  Motnle  (The),  a  sphere 
which  revolved  in  twenty-four  hours  from 
east  to  west,  carrying  with  it  the  planets 
and  fixed  stars. 

Here  Is  the  goal  whence  motion  on  his  race 
Starts  ;  motionless  the  centre,  and  the  rest 
All  moved  around.     Except  the  soul  divine, 
Place  in  this  heaven  hath  none  .  .  . 
Measured  itself  by  none,  it  doth  divide 
Motion  to  all. 

Dantd,  Paradise,  xxvil.  (1311). 

Prince  of  Alchemy,  Rudolph  II. 
kaiser  of  Germany;  also  called  "The 
German  Trismegistus "  (1552,  1576- 
1612). 

Prince  of  Angels,  Michael. 


So  spake  the  prince  of  angels.    To  whom  thus 
[i.e.  Satan]. 
Man,  Paradise  Lost,  vt  281  (1665). 


The  Adversary  [i.e.  Satan]. 
Miiu 


Prince    of    Celestial    Armies, 
Michael  the  archangel. 

Go,  Michael,  of  celestial  armies  prince. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  vi.  44  (1665). 

Prince  of  Darkness,  Satan  (Eph. 
»i.  12). 

Whom  thus  the  prince  of  darkness  answered  glad : 
"  Fair  daughter. 

High  proof  ye  now  have  given  to  he  the  race 
Of  Satan  (1  glory  In  the  name)." 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  x.  3S3  (1666). 

Prince  of  Hell,  Satan. 


And  with  them  comes  a  third  of  regal  port. 
But  faded  splendour  wan  ;  who  by  his  gait 
And  fierce  demeanour  seems  the  prince  of  Hell. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  iv.  868  (1665). 

Prince  of  Life,  a  title  given  tc 
Christ  (Acts  iii.  15). 

Prince  of  Peace,  a  title  given  to  the 
Messiah  (Isaiah  ix.  6). 

Prince  of  Peace,  don  Manuel  Godoy  of 
Badajoz.  So  called  because  he  concluded 
the  "  peace  of  Basle  "  in  1795  between 
France  and  Spain  (1767-1851). 

Prince  of  the  Air,  Satan. 

.  .  .  Jesus  3on  of  Mary,  second  Eve, 

Saw  Satan  fall,  like  lightning,  down  from  heaven, 

Prince  of  the  air. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  X.  186  (1666). 

Prince  of  the  Devils,  Satan 
(Matt.  xii.  24). 

Prince  of  the  Kings  of  the 
Earth,  a  title  given  to  Christ  (Rev.  i.  5). 

Prince  of  the  Power  of  the 
Air,  Satan  (Eph.  ii.  2). 

Prince  of  the  Vegetable  King- 
dom.  The  palm  tree  is  so  called  by 
Linnaeus. 

Prince  of  this  World,  Satan  (John 
xiv.  30). 

Princes.  It  was  prince  Bismarck  the 
German  chancellor  who  said  to  a  courtly 
attendant,  "  Let  princes  be  princes,  and 
mind  your  own  business." 

Prince's  Peers,  a  term  of  contempt 
applied  to  peers  of  low  birth.  The  phrase 
arose  in  the  reign  of  Charles  VII.  of 
France,  when  his  son  Louis  (afterwards 
Louis  XI.)  created  a  host  of  riff-raff  peers, 
such  as  tradesmen,  farmers,  and  mechanics, 
in  order  to  degrade  the  aristocracy,  and 
thus  weaken  its  influence  in  the  Btate. 

Printed  Books.  The  first  book  pro- 
duced in  England  was  printed  in  England 
in  1477,  by  William  Caxton  in  the 
Almonry  at  Westminster,  and  was  en- 
titled The  Dictes  and  Sayings  of  the  Phi- 
losophers. 

The  Rev.  T.  Wilson  says  :  "  The  press 
at  Oxford  existed  ten  years  before  there 
was  any  press  in  Europe,  except  those  of 
Haarlem  and  Mentz."  The  person  who 
6et  up  the  Oxford  press  was  Corsellis, 
and  his  first  printed  book  bore  the  date 
of  1468.  The  colophon  of  it  ran  thus: 
"  Explicit  exposicio  Sancti  Jeronimi  in 
simbolo  apostolorum  ad  papam  laure- 
cium.  Impressa  Oxonii  Et  tinita  Anno 
Domini  Mcccclxviij.,  xvij.  die  Decem- 
bris."    The  book   is  a  small  quarto  of 


PRIOR. 


793 


PRISONER  OF  CHILLON. 


forty-two  leaves,  and  was  tl r.~t  D 
in  1684  by  Richard  Atkins  in  his  Origin 
awl  Growth  of  Printing,  Dr.  Conyers 
Middleton,  in  1736,  chuged  Atkins  witli 
forgery,  in  1812  S.  W.  Singer  defended 
the  book.  Dr.  Cotton  took  the  subject 
up  in  liis  Typographical  Gazetteer  (first 
and  second  -• 

Prior  (Matthew),  The  monument  to 
this  poet  in  Westminster  Abbey  was  by 
Rysbrack  ;  executed  by  order  of  Louis 
XIV. 

Priory  (Lord),  an  old-fashioned 
husband,  who  actually  thinks  that  a  wife 
should  "love,  honour,  and  obey"  her 
husband  ;  nay,  more,  that  "  forsaking  all 
others,  she  should  cleave  to  him  so  long 
a»  they  both  should  live." 

Lady  Priory^  an  old-fashioned  wife, 
but  young  and  beautiful.  She  was, 
however,  so  very  old-fashioned  that  she 
went  to  bed  at  ten  ami  rose  at  six  ;  dressed 
in  a  cap  and  gown  of  her  own  making ; 
respected  and  loved  her  husband  ;  dis- 
couraged flirtation  ;  and  when  assailed  by 
any  improper  advances,  instead  of  show- 
ing temper  or  conceited  airs,  quietly  and 
tranquilly  seated  herself  to  some  modest 
household  duty  till  tne  assailant  felt  the 
irresistible  power  of  modesty  and  virtue. 
— Mrs.  Inchbald,  Wives  as  They  Were 
and  Jlaida  as  They  Are  (17'J7). 

Priscian,  a  great  grammarian  of  the 
fifth  century.  The  Latin  phrase,  Di- 
minitfre  Prisciani caput  ("to  break  Pris- 

cian's  head"),  means  to  "violate  the  rules 
of  grammar."     (See  Pkoasus.) 

Some,  free  bom  rhyme  or  mm,  rule  or  check, 
Break  l'rlacian's  head,  ami  PegUlWi  neck. 

Pope,  i he  ftimotfirt.  in.  I'll  (17U8). 

(junkers  (that,  like  to  lanterns,  bear 

Their  light  within  them)  will  not  swear;  .  .  . 

An'i  bend  ii"  >in  *►  deeply  nil 

A*  tluit  of  breaking  l'n .  inn's  heed. 

BuUcr,  Budibrat,  II.  II.  US,  etc.  (16641 

Pl*i8Cilla,  daughter  of  a  noble  lord. 

She  fell  in  love  with  sir  Aladine,  a  poor 

knight. — Spenser,    Faery    Quant,    vi.    1 
(1596). 

J'riscilla,  the  beautiful  puritan  in  love 
with  John  Alden.  When  Miles  Standish, 
a  bluff  old  soldier  in  the  middle  of  life, 

wished    to     marry    her,    he     ukod     John 

Aldeu  to  go  and  plead  his  cause  ;  but  the 
puritan  maiden  replied  archly,  "  w  j 
don't  you  speak  for  yourself,  John? 
Soon  after  this,  Standisl  being  killed,  as 
it  was  supposed  by  a  poisoned  arrow, 
John  did  speak  for  himself,  and  Priscilla 
listened  to  his  suit. — Longfellow,  The 
CourUhip  •</  Milt*  Stand inh  (18fi 
34 


Prison  Life  Endeared.  The 
following  are  examples  of  prisoners  who, 
from  long  habit,  have  grown  attached  to 
prison  life  :  — 

Comte  de  Lorge  was  confined  for  thirty 
years  in  the   Bastile,  and  when  li!  • 
(July  14.    1789)    declared   that   f.r- 
had   no  joys  for  him.      After  imploring 
in  vain    to    be  all 

m,  he  lingered  for  six  weeks  and 
pined  to  death. 

Goldsmith  says,  when  Chinvai 
Chaste  ascended  the  throne  of  China,  he 
commanded  the  prisons  to  be  thrown 
open.  Among  the  prisoners  was  a  ■ 
able  man  of  K.r>  years  of  age,  who  im- 
plored that  he  might  be  suffered  to  return 
to  his  cell.  For  sixty-three  years  he  had 
lived  in  its  gloom  and  solitude,  which  he 
preferred  to  the  glare  of  the  i«un  and  the 
bustle,  of  a  city. —  -  ''the  Wvrld 

lxxiii.  (1759). 

Mr.  Cogan  once  visited  a  prisoner  of 
state  in  the  King's  Bench  prison,  who 
told  him  he  had  grown  to  like  the  sub- 
dued light  and  extreme  solitude  of  his 
cell  ;  he  even  liked  the  BpotS  and  patches 
on  the  wall,  the  hardness  of  his  bed.  the 
regularity,  and  the  freedom  from  all  the 
cares  and  worries  of  active  life.  He  did 
not  wish  to  be  released,  and  felt  sure  he 
should  never  be  so  happy  in  any  other 
place. 

A  woman  of  Leyden,  on  the  expiration 
of  a  long  imprisonment,  applied  for  per- 
mission to  return  to  her  cell,  and  added, 
if  the  request  were  refused  as  a  favour, 
she  would  commit  some  offence  which 
should  give  her  a  title  to  her  old  quarters. 

A  prisoner  condemned  to  death  had  his 
sentence  commuted  for  seven  yean 
confinement  on  a  bed  of  nails.     After  tha 
expiration  of  five  years,  red,  if 

ever    he  wen  .   he  should   adopt 

from   choice  what   habit    had   rendered   so 

agreeable  to  him. 

Prisoner  of  Chillon,  Francois  de 
Bonnivard,  a  Frenchman  wh 
Geneva,  and  made  himself  obnos 

Charles    111.    due    de    Savoie,    who   incar- 
cerated  him    for  six   years   in  a  dungeon 

Chateau  de  Chillon,  at  tl 
end  of  the  lake  ,.f  Geneva.    The  prisoner 
was  ultimately  released  by  the  Bernese, 

who  were  at  war  with  Savoy. 

Byron  has  founded  on  this  incident  his 
poem  entitled  The  Prisoner  of  Chillon, 
but  has  added  two  brothers,  whom  he 
supposes  tn  be  imprisoned  with  Francois. 
and  who  died  of  hunger,  Buffering,  and 
confinement.    In  fact,  the  poet  mixes  on 


PRISONER  OF  STATE. 


794 


PRODIGY  OF  LEARNING. 


Dante's  tale  about  count  Ugolino  with 
that  of  Francois  de  Bonnivard,  and  has 
produced  a  powerful  and  affecting  story, 
but  it  is  not  historic. 

Prisoner  of  State  ( The),  Ernest  de 
Fridberg.  E.  Stirling  has  a  drama  so 
called.     (For  the  plot,  see  Ernest  i>k 

FllIDBERG.) 

Pritchard  (William),  commander  of 
H.M.  sloop  the  Shark.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Priu'li,  a  senator  of  Venice,  of  un- 
bending pride.  His  daughter  had  been 
6aved  from  the  Adriatic  by  Jaffier,  and 
gratitude  led  to  love.  As  it  was  quite 
hopeless  to  expect  Priuli  to  consent  to 
the  match,  Belvidcra  eloped  in  the  night, 
and  married  Jaflier.  Priuli  now  dis- 
carded them  both.  Jaffier  joined  Pierre's 
conspiracy  to  murder  the  Venetian  sena- 
tors, but  in  order  to  save  his  father-in- 
law,  revealed  to  him  the  plot  under  the 
promise  of  a  general  free  pardon.  The 
promise  was  broken,  and  all  the  con- 
si  lirators  except  Jaflier  were  condemned 
to  death  by  torture.  Jaffier  stabbed  Pierre, 
to  save  him  from  the  wheel,  and  then 
killed  himself.  Helvidera  went  mad  and 
died.  Priuli  lived  on,  a  broken-down  old 
man,  sick  of  life,  and  begging  to  be  left 
alone  in  some  "  place  that's  fit  for  mourn- 
ing ; "  there  all  leave  me  : 

Sparing  no  tears  when  you  this  tale  relate, 
Iiut  bid  all  cruel  fathers  dread  my  fate. 
T.  Otway,  Vtniot  1'nterved,  v.  the  end  (1682). 

Privolvans,  the  antagonists  of  the 
Subvolvans. 

These  silly,  ranting  Privolvans 
Have  every  summer  their  campaigns. 
And  muster  like  the  warlike  ami 
Of  Kawhead  and  of  Bloody-bones, 
a  Butler,  The  Elephant  in  the  Moon,  r.  85  (1754). 

Proa,  a  Malay  skiff  of  great  swiftness, 
much  used  by  pirates  in  the  Eastern 
Archipelago,  and  called  the  flying  proa. 

The  proa  darted  like  a  shooting  star. 

Byron.  The  liland,  lv.  3  (1819). 

Probe  (1  syl.),  a  priggish  surgeon, 
who  magnifies  mole-hill  ailments  into 
mountain  maladies,  in  order  to  enhance 
his  skill  and  increase  his  charges.  Thus, 
when  lord  Foppington  received  a  6mall 
flesh-wound  in  the  arm  from  a  foil,  Probe 
drew  a  long  face,  frightened  his  lordship 
greatly,  and  pretended  the  consequences 
might  be  serious ;  but  when  lord  Fop- 
pington promised  him  £500  for  a  cure,  lie 
set  his  patient  on  his  legs  the  next  day. — 
Sheridan,  A  Trip  to  Scarborough  (1777). 

Pro'cida  (John  of),  a  tragedy  by  S. 


Knowles  (1840).  John  of  Procida  was 
an  Italian  gentleman  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  a  skilful  physician,  high  in 
favour  with  king  Fernando  II.,  Conrad, 
Manfred,  and  Conrad'ine.  The  French 
invaded  the  island,  put  the  last  two 
monarchs  to  the  sword,  usurped  the 
sovereignty,  and  made  Charles  d'Anjoa 
king.  The  cruelty,  licentioasntas,  and 
extortion  of  the  French  being  q-^ite  un- 
bearable, provoked  a  general  rising  of 
the  Sicilians,  and  in  one  night  (the  Sicilian 
Vespers,  March  30,  1282),  ever}'  French- 
man, Frenchwoman,  and  French  child 
in  the  whole  island  was  ruthlessly 
butchered.  Procida  lost  his  only  son  Fer- 
nando, who  had  just  married  Isoline  (3 
syl.),  the  daughter  of  the  French  governor 
of  Messina.  Isoline  died  broken-hearted, 
and  her  father,  the  governor,  was  amongst 
the  slain.  The  crown  was  given  to  John 
of  Procida. 

Procris,  the  wife  of  Cephalos.  Out 
of  jealousy,  she  crept  into  a  wood  to 
act  as  a  spy  upon  her  husband.  Cephalos, 
hearing  something  move,  discharged  an 
arrow  in  the  direction  of  the  rustling, 
thinking  it  to  be  caused  by  some  wild 
beast,  and  shot  Procris.  Jupiter,  in  pity, 
turned  I'rocris  into  a  star. — Greek  and 
Latin  Mythology. 

The  unerring  dart  of  Procris.  Diana 
gave  Procris  a  dart  which  never  missed 
its  aim,  and  after  being  discharged  re- 
turned back  to  the  shooter. 

Procrus'tes  (3  syl.),  a  highwayman 
of  Attica,  who  used  to  place  travellers  on 
a  bed  ;  if  they  were  too  short  he  stretched 
them  out  till  they  fitted  it,  if  too  long  he 
lopped  off  the  redundant  part.  —  Greek 
Mythology. 

CrIUc  more  cruel  than  Procrustes  old, 

Wlio  to  his  iron  bed  by  torture  fits 

Their  nobler  parts,  the  souls  of  suffering  wlta. 

Mallet,  Verbal  CrUicum  (1734). 

Proctor's  Dogs  or  Bull-dogs,  the  two 
"runners"  or  officials  who  accompany 
a  university  proctor  in  his  rounds,  to  give 
chase  to  recalcitrant  gownsmen. 

And  he  had  breathed  the  proctor's  dogs[wus  a  member  of 
Oxford  or  Cambridge  Vniverrity\. 

Tennyson,  prologue  of  The  Princeu  (1830). 

Prodigal  (The),  Albert  VI.  duke  of 
Austria  (1418,  1439-14G3). 

Prodigy  of  France  (The).  Gial- 
laume  Hude'  was  so  called  by  Erasmus 
(Hh7-1540). 

Prodigy  of  Learning  (The). 
Samuel  Hahnemann,  the  German,  waa 
so  called  by  J.  P.  Bichtei  (1755-  1843). 


PROFOUND. 


795 


PROSERPINE. 


Profound  {The),  Richard  Middleton, 
an  English  scholastic  divine  (*-1304). 

Profound  Doctor  {The),  Thomas 
Bradwardine,  a  schoolman.  Also  called 
"The  Solid  Doctor"  (*-1349). 

TEgidius  de  Columna,  a  Sicilian  school- 
man, was  called  "The  Most  Profound 
Doctor"  (*-1316). 

Progne  (2  syl.),  daughter  of  Pandlon, 
and  sister  of  Philomela.  PrognS  was 
changed  into  a  swallow,  and  Philomela 
into  a  nightingale. —  Greek  Mythology. 

As  ProsnG  or  as  Philomela  mourns  .  .  . 
So  Bradamant  laments  her  absent  knight 

Ariusto,  Orlando  Furioto.  xxiii.  (151 G). 

Prome'thean  Unguent  {The), 
made  from  the  extract  of  a  herb  on 
■which  some  of  the  blood  of  Prometheus 
(3  syl.)  had  fallen.  Medea  gave  Jason 
some  of  this  unguent,  which  rendered  his 
body  proof  against  fire  and  warlike 
instruments. 

Prome'theus  (3  syl.)  taught  man  the 
use  of  fire,  and  instructed  him  in  archi- 
tecture, astronomy,  mathematics,  writing, 
rearing  cattle,  navigation,  medicine,  the 
art  of  prophecy,  working  metal,  and, 
indeed,  every  art  known  to  man.  The 
word  means  "  forethought,"  and  fore- 
thought is  the  father  of  invention.  The 
tale  is  that  he  made  man  of  clay,  and, 
in  order  to  endow  his  clay  with  life,  stole 
fire  from  heaven  and  brought  it  to  earth 
in  a  hollow  tube.  Zeus,  in  punishment, 
chained  him  to  a  rock,  and  sent  an  eagle 
to  consume  his  liver  daily  ;  during  the 
night  it  grew  again,  and  thus  his  torment 
was  ceaseless,  till  Hercules  shot  the 
eagle,  and  unchained  the  captive. 

Learn  the  while,  in  brief. 
That  all  arts  came  to  mortals  from  Prometheus. 

E.  B.  Browning,  Prvmetheut  Bound  (1S50). 
rruth  shall  restore  the  light  by  Nature  given, 
And,  like  Prometheus,  bring  the  fire  from  heaven. 
Campbell,  J'leasures  0/  Hope,  L  (1799). 

***  Percy  B.  Shelley  has  a  classical 
drama  entitled  Prometheus  Unbound 
(1819). 

Promised  Land  {The),  Canaan  or 
Palestine.  So  called  because  God  pro- 
mised to  give  it  to  Abraham,  Isaac,  and 
Jacob. — hen.  xii.  7  ;  xxvi.  3 ;  xxviii. 
13. 

Prompt,  the  servant  of  Mr.  and 
Miss  Blandish. — General  Burgoyne,  The 
Heiress  (1781). 

Pronouns.  It  was  of  Henry  Mos- 
Bop,  tragedian  (1729-1773),  that,  Churchill 
wrote  the  two  lines 


In  monosyllables  his  thunders  roll — 

Ho,  she,  it,  and  we,  ye,  they,  fright  the  soul  i 

because  Mossop  was  fond  of  emphasizing 
his  pronouns  and  little  words. 

Prophecy.  Jourdain,  the  wizard, 
told  the  duke  of  Somerset,  if  he  wished 
to  live,  to  "avoid  where  castles  mounted 
stand."  The  duke  died  in  an  ale-house 
called  the  Castle,  in  St.  Alban's. 

•  .  .  underneath  an  ale-house'  paltry  sign, 

The  Castle,  in  St.  Alban's,  Bomer  at 

Hath  made  the  wizard  famous  In  his  death. 

Shakespeare,  '2  Henry  17.  act  v.  sc.  U  (1591). 

Similar  prophetic  equivokes  were  told 
to  Henry  IV.,  pope  Sylvester  II.,  and 
Cambyses  (see  Jerusalem,  p.  492). 

Aristomencs  was  told  by  the  Delphic 
oracle  to  "  flee  for  his  life  when  he  saw  a 
goat  drink  from  the  river  Neda."  Con- 
sequently, all  (jonts  were  driven  from  the 
banks  of  this  river  ;  but  one  day,  TheOclos 
observed  that  the  branches  of  a  fig  tree 
bent  into  the  stream,  and  it  immediately 
Hashed  into  his  mind  that  the  Mes- 
senian  word  for  fig  tree  and  goat  was  the 
same.  The  pun  or  equivoke  will  be 
better  understood  by  an  English  reader  if 
for  goat  we  read  ewe,  and  bear  in  mind 
that  yew  is  to  the  ear  the  same  word  ; 
thus: 

When  a  ewe  [yew]  stoops  to  drink  of  the  "  Severn,"  then 

fly. 
And  look  not  behind,  for  destruction  Is  nigh. 

Prophet  {The),  Mahomet  (570-632). 

The  Mohammedans  entertained  an  inconceivable  vene- 
ration for  their  prophet  .  .  .  Whenever  he  made  his  ablu- 
tions, they  ran  and  caught  Uie  water  he  had  used  ;  and 
when  he  spat,  licked  up  the  spittle  with  superstitious 
eagerness. — Abulfeda,  Vita  Moham,,  85  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Prophet  Elm,  an  elm  growing  in 
Credenhill  Court,  belonging  to  the  Eckley 
family.  It  is  so  called  because  one  of 
the  branches  is  said  to  snap  off,  and  thus 
announce  an  approaching  death  in  tha 
family. 

Prophetess  {TJie),  AyS'shah,  the 
second  and  beloved  wife  of  Mahomet.  It 
does  not  mean  that  she  prophesied,  but, 
like  Sultana,  it  is  simply  a  title  of 
honour.  He  was  the  Prophet,  she  the 
Propheta  or  Madam  Prophet. 

Prose  {Father  of  English),  Wycliffe 
(1324-1384). 

Prose  {Father  of  Greek),  Herodotoa 
(B.C.  484-408). 

Prose  {Father  of  Italian),  Boccaccio 
(1313-1375). 

Pros'erpine  (3  syl.),  called  Prosrr'- 
plna  in  Latin,  and  "  Proser'pin"  by  Mii- 


PROSPERITY  ROBINSON. 


796 


PROTEUS. 


ton,  was  daughter  of  Ce'res.  She  went  to 
the  fields  of  Enna  to  amuse  herself  by 
gathering  asphodels,  and  being  tired,  fell 
asleep.  Dis,  the  god  of  hell,  then  carried 
her  off,  and  made  her  queen  of  the  in- 
fernal regions.  Ceres  wandered  for  nine 
days  over  the  world  disconsolate,  looking 
for  her  daughter,  when  Hec'ate  (2  syl.) 
told  her  she  had  heard  the  girl's  cries, 
but  knew  not  who  had  carried  her  off. 
Both  now  went  to  Olympus,  when  the 
n«n-god  told  them  the  true  state  of  the 
case. 

N.B. — This  is  an  allegory  of  seed- 
corn. 

Not  that  fair  fleM 
Of  Enna,  where  Proser'pin,  gathering  flowers. 
Herself  a  fairer  flower,  by  gloomy  Dis 
Was  gathered — which  cost  Ceres  all  that  pain 
To  Beek  her  thro'  the  world. 

Milton,  Paradite  Lutt,  lv.  268  (16G5). 

Prosperity  Robinson,  Frederick 
Robinson,  afterwards  viscount  Goderich 
and  earl  of  Kipon,  chancellor  of  the  ex- 
chequer in  1823.  So  called  by  Cobbett, 
from  his  boasting  about  the  prosperity  of 
the  country  just  a  little  before  the  great 
commercial  crisis  of  1825. 

Pros'pero,  the  banished  duke  of 
Milan,  and  father  of  Miranda.  He  was 
deposed  by  his  brother  Anthonio,  who 
sent  him  to  sea  with  Mirander  in  a 
"rotten  carcass  of  a  boat,"  which  was 
borne  to  a  desert  island.  Here  Prospero 
practised  magic.  He  liberated  Ariel 
from  the  rift  of  a  pine  tree,  where  the 
witch  Syc'orax  had  confined  him  for 
twelve  years,  and  was  served  by  that 
bright  spirit  with  true  gratitude.  The 
only  other  inhabitant  of  the  island  was 
Caliban  the  witch's  "  welp."  After  a 
residence  in  the  island  of  sixteen  years, 
Prospero  raised  a  tempest  by  magic,  to 
cause  the  shipwreck  of  the  usurping  duke 
and  of  Ferdinand  his  brother's  son. 
Ferdinand  fell  in  love  with  his  cousin 
Miranda,  and  eventually  married  her. — 
Shakespeare,  The  Tempest  (1G09). 

He  [«r  It'.  Scott]  waves  his  wand  more  potent  than 
that  of  Prospero,  and  the  shadows  of  the  olden   time 
appear  before  us,  and  we  absolutely  believe  In  their  re- 
uiiination. — Encyc.  Brit.,  Art.  "  Komauce." 
Still  they  kept  limping  to  and  fro. 
Like  Ariels  rounii  old  Prospero, 
Saying,  "  Dear  master,  let  us  go." 
But  still  the  old  man  answered.  "  No  I " 

T.  Moore,  A  Virion. 

Pross  {Miss),  a  red-haired,  ungainly 
creature,  who  lived  with  Lucie  Manette, 
and  dearly  loved  her.  Miss  Pross, 
although  very  eccentric,  was  most  faith- 
ful and  unselfish. 

liar  character  (diss,  iciated  from  stature)  was  shortness. 
...  It  was  characteristic  of  thin  lady  that  whenever  her 


original  proposition  was  questioned,  she  exaggerated  It— 
C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Too  Citiet.  U.  6  (1859). 

Proterius  of  Cappadocia,  father  ot 
Cyra.     (See  Sinner  Saved.) 

Protesila'os,  husband  of  Laodamia. 
Being  slain  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  the 
dead  body  was  sent  home  to  his  wife, 
who  prayed  that  she  might  talk  with  him 
again,  if  only  for  three  hours.  Her 
prayer  was  granted,  but  when  Protesilaos 
returned  to  death,  Laodamia  died  also. — 
Greek  Mythology. 

In  Fe'nelon's  Te'le'maque,  "  Prote'silaos  " 
is  meant  for  Louvois,  the  French  minister 
of  state. 

Protestant  Duke  (The),  James 
duke  of  Monmouth,  a  love-child  of 
Charles  II.  So  called  because  he  re- 
nounced the  Roman  faith,  in  which  he 
had  been  brought  up,  and  became  a  pro- 
testant  (1619-1G85). 

Protestant  Pope  (The),  Gian  Vin- 
cenzo  Ganganelli,  pope  Clement  XIV.  So 
called  from  his  enlightened  policy,  and 
for  his  bull  suppressing  the  Jesuits  (1705, 
1769-1774). 

Proteus  [Pro-tucc'],  a  sea-god,  who 
resided  in  the  Carpathian  Sea.  He  had 
the  power  of  changing  his  form  at  will. 
Being  a  prophet  also,  Milton  calls  him 
"  the  Carpathian  wizard.'' — Greek  Mytho- 
logy. 

By  hoary  Nereus"  wrinkled  look. 

And  the  Corinthian  wizard's  hook  for  trUUnt\. 

Milton,  Comut  (1634). 

Periklym'enos,  son  of  Neleus  (2  syl.)t 
had  the  power  of  changing  his  form  into 
a  bird,  beast,  reptile,  or  insect.  As  a 
bee,  he  perched  on  the  chariot  of  Heraklea 
(Hercules),  and  was  killed. 

Aristoglton,  from  being  dipped  in  che 
Achelous  (4  syl.),  received  the  power  of 
changing  his  form  at  will. — Fenelon, 
Te'le'maque,  xx.  (1700). 

The  genii,  both  good  and  bad,  of  Eastern 
mythology  had  the  power  of  changing 
their  form  instantaneously.  This  is 
powerfully  illustrated  by  the  combat  be- 
tween the  Queen  of  Beauty  and  the  son 
of  Eblis.  The  genius  first  appeared  as 
an  enormous  lion,  but  the  Queen  of 
Beauty  plucked  out  a  hair  which  became 
a  scythe,  with  which  she  cut  the  lion  in 
pieces.  The  head  of  the  lion  now  became 
a  scorpion,  and  the  princess  changed  her- 
self into  a  serpent ;  bat  the  scorpion  in- 
stantly made  itself  an  eagle,  and  went 
in  pursuit  of  the  serpent.  The  serpent, 
however,    being    vigilant,    assumed    tb« 


PROTEUS. 


J'Jl 


PROVOST  OF  BRUGES. 


form  of  a  white  cat  ;  the  eagle  in  an 
instant  dunged  to  a  wolf,  and  the 
cat,  being  hard  pressed,  changed  into  a 
worm  j  the  wolf  changed  t<>  a  cock,  and 
ran  to  pick  up  the  worm,  which,  how- 
ever, became  a  lish  before  the  cock  could 
pick  it  up.  Not  to  be  outwitted,  the 
cock  transformed  itself  into  a  pike  to 
devour  the  hsh,  but  the  fish  changed  into 
a  lire,  and  the  son  of  Bblis  was  burnt  to 
ashes  before  he  could  make  another 
change. — Arabian  Ariyhts  ('  The  Second 
Calender  "). 

Proteus  or  Prothcus,  one  of  the  two 
gentlemen  of  Verona.  He  is  in  love  with 
Julia.  His  servant  is  Launce,  and  his 
father  Anthonio  or  Antonio.  The  other 
gentleman  is  called  Valentine,  and  his 
lady-love  is  Silvia. — Shakespeare,  The 
Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona  (159  l). 

Shakespeare  calls  the  word  Pro'-tS-us. 
Malone,  Dr.  Johnson,  etc.,  retain  the  h 
in  both  names,  but  the  Globe  edition 
Dinits  them. 

Protevangelon  ("first  evange- 
list"), a  gospel  falsely  attributed  to  St. 

James  the  Less,  first  bishop  of  Jerusalem, 
noted  for  its  minute  details  of  the  Virgin 
and  Jesus  Christ.  Said  to  be  the  pro- 
duction of  L.  Carinus  of  the  second  cen- 
tury. 

First  of  all  we  shall  rehearse  .  .  . 
The  nativity  of  our  Lord. 
Aa  written  in  the  oUl  record 
Of  the  I'roieeanyeion. 

Longfellow.  The  Uolden  Ugtmd  (1S51). 

Protocol  (Mr.  Peter),  the  attorney 
in    Edinburgh   employed    by    Mrs.  Mar- 

taret    Bertram    of    Singleside. — Sir   \V. 
colt,  Guy  Hannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Protosebastos  (The)  or  Sbbabto- 
ckatok,  the  highest  State  officer  in 
Greece. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Cuunt  Hubert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Protospathaire  (The),  or  general 
of  Alexius  Comnenus  emperor  of  Greece. 
His  name  is  Nieanor. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Proud  (The).  Tarqnin  II.  of  Rome 
was  called  Superbus  (reigned  h.c.  535- 
510,  died  496). 

Otho  IV.  kaiser  of  Germany  was  called 
"The  Proud"  (117.%  1209   1218). 

Proud  Duko  (The),  Charles  Sey- 
mour duke  of  Somerset.  His  children 
were  not  allowed  to  sit  in  his  presence ; 
and  he  Books  to  his  servants  by  signs 
only  (*-1748). 


Proud  and  Mighty  (The). 

A  Bttla  rule,  *  little  iwmy. 
A  MObaam  in  a  winter*  lay. 
hai  i.«w 

bctwuui  lb*  eradta  uu  [fail  ttr»ve. 

Lryer,  Ommgur  Jlul  vdled  17SBV. 

Proudfuto    (Oliver),    the     boasting 
bonnet-maker  at  Perth. 
Magdalen  or  Maudu  Proudfute,  Oliver's 

widow. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid of Perth 
(time,   Henry  IV.;. 

Prout  (Father),  the  pseudonym  of 
Francis  Mahoney,  a  humorous  writer  in 
Rater's  Magazine,  etc.  (1805-18GG). 

Provis,  the  name  assumed  by  Abel 
Magwitch,  Pip's  father.  He  was  a  con- 
vict, who  had  made  a  fortune,  and  whose 
chief  desire  was  to  make  his  son  a  gentle- 
man.— C.  Dickens,  Great  Expectation* 
(1800). 

Provoked  Husband  ( The),  a 
comedy  by  Cibber  and  Vanbrugh.  The 
"provoked  husband"  is  lord  Townly, 
justly  annoyed  at  the  conduct  of  his 
young  wife,  who  wholly  neglects  her 
husband  and  her  home  duties  for  a  life 
of  gambling  and  dissipation.  The  hus- 
band, seeing  no  hope  of  amendment, 
resolves  on  a  separate  maintenance  ; 
but  then  the  lady's  eyes  are  opened 
— she  promises  amendment,  and  is  for- 
given. 

%*  This  comedy  was  Vanbrugh's 
Journey  to  London,  left  unfinished  at  his 
death.  Cibber  took  it,  completed  it,  and 
brought  it  out  under  the  title  of  The 
Provoked  Husband  (1728). 

Provoked  Wife  (The),  lady  Brute, 
the  wife  of  sir  John  Brute,  is,  by  his 
ill  manners,  brutality,  and  neglect,  "  pro- 
voked" to  intrigue  with  one  Constant. 
The  intrigue  is  not  of  a  very  serious 
nature,  since  it  is  always  interrupted 
before  it  makes  head.  At  the  concluaioo, 
sir  John  says  : 

Surly  1  may  be.  ituhhom  1  am  not, 
lor  1  ljne  UjUi  bfgtl 

mJ    Von bru^h  I1WI 

Provost  of  Bruges  (TV),  a  tragedy 
based  00  "  The   Serf,     in  l.citch   Ritchie's 

Romanes  of  History.  Published  anony- 
mously in  L886  ;  the  author  is  S. 
Knowles.  The  plot  is  this:  Charles 
"the    G 1,"   earl    of     Inlanders,    made  a 

law  that  a  serf  is  always  ■  serf  till 
manumitted,  and  whoever  marries  a  serf 
becomes  thereby  a  serf.  Thus,  it  a  prince 

married  the  daughter  of  a  serf,  the 
prince  reeamea  serf  himself,  aud  all  his 


PROWLER. 


798 


PSALTER  OF  TARAH. 


children  were  serfs.  Bertulphe,  the 
richest,  wisest,  and  bravest  man  in 
Flanders,  was  prcvost  of  Bruges.  His 
beautiful  daughter  Constance  married  sir 
Bouchard,  a  knight  of  noble  descent ; 
but  Bertulphe's  father  had  been  Thanc- 
mar's  serf,  and,  according  to  the  new 
law,  Bertulphe  the  provost,  his  daughter 
Constance,  and  his  knightly  son-in-law 
were  all  the  serfs  of  Thancmar.  The 
provost  killed  the  earl,  and  stabbed  him- 
self ;  Bouchard  and  Thancmar  killed 
each  other  in  fight ;  and  Constance  died 
demeDted. 

Prowler  {Hugh),  any  vagrant  or 
highwayman. 

Fo.  fear  of  Hutrh  Prowler,  get  home  with  the  rest. 

T.  Tusser,  Mve  Hundred  I'ointt  of  Good 
Husbandry,  xxxiii.  25  (1557). 

Prudence  {Mistress),  the  lady  at- 
tendant on  Violet  ward  of  lady  Arundel. 
When  Norman  "the  sea-captain"  ms.de 
love  to  Violet,  Mistress  Prudence  remon- 
strated, "  What  will  the  countess  say 
if  I  allow  myself  to  see  a  stranger  speak- 
ing to  her  ward  ?  "  Norman  clapped  a 
guinea  on  her  left  eye,  and  asked,  "What 
nee  ycu  now  ?  "  "  Why,  nothing  with  my 
left  eye,"  she  answered,  "  but  the  right 
has  still  a  morbid  sensibility."  "  Poor 
thing  !  "  said  Norman  ;  "  this  golden 
ointment  soon  will  cure  it.  What  see 
you  now,  my  Prudence?"  "Not  a 
soul,"  she  said. — Lord  Lytton,  The  Sea* 
Captain  (1839). 

Prudes  for  proctors  ;  dowagers  for 
deans.  —Tennyson,  prologue  of  Tlie  Prin- 
cess (1830). 

Prudhomme  {Joseph),  "pupil  of 
Brard  and  Saint-Omer,"  caligraphist  and 
sworn  expert  in  the  courts  of  law. 
Joseph  Prudhomme  is  the  synthesis  of 
bourgeois  imbecility ;  radiant,  serene, 
and  self-satisfied  ;  letting  fall  from  his 
fat  lips  "one  weak,  washy,  everlasting 
flocd "  of  puerile  aphorisms  and  inane 
circumlocutions.  He  says,  "  The  car  of 
the  state  doats  on  a  precipice."  "This 
sword  is  the  proudest  day  of  my  life." — 
Henri  Monnier,  Grandeur  et  Decadence  de 
Joseph  Prudhomme  (1852). 

No  creation  ot  modern  fiction  ever  embodied  a  phase 
of  national  character  with  such  original  power  as  that  of 
"M.  Joseph  Prudhomme."  .  .  .  "  Podsnap,"  his  English 
parallel,  is  more  self-contained,  more  ponderous  and 
less  polite.  ...  In  1857  Monnier  turned  his  piece  into  a 
bulky  volume,  entitled  Via  et  OjAniotu.  de  M.  Joseph 
PrtulKomirte. — E.  C.  B. 

Prue  {Miss),  a  schoolgirl  still  under 
the  charge  of  a  nurse,  very  precocious 
and  very  injudiciously  brought  up.    Miss 


Prue  is  the  daughter  of  Mr.  Foresight  a 
mad  astrologer,  and  Mrs.  Foresight  a 
frail  nonentity. — Congreve,  Love  for  Love 
(1695). 

The  love-scene  between  Jack  Bannister  [1760-18361.  ** 
"Tattle,"  and  "Miss  Prue,"  when  this  latter  part  was 
acted  by  Mrs.  Jordan,  was  probably  never  surpassed  In 
rich  natural  comedy. — F.  Reynolds. 

Prunes  and  Prisms,  the  words 
which  give  the  lips  the  right  plie  of  the 
highly  aristocratic  mouth,  as  Mrs.  General 
tells  Amy  Dorrit. 

"'Papa'  gives  a  pretty  form  to  the  lips.  'Papa, 
'potatoes,'  'poultry,'  'prunes  and  prisms.'  You  will 
find  it  serviceable  if  you  say  to  yourself  on  entering  a 
room,  '  Papa,  potatoes,  poultry,  prunes,  and  prisms.'  "— 
C.  Dickens,  Little  Jtorrit  (1855). 

General  Burgoyne,  in  The  Heiress, 
makes  lady  Emily  tell  Miss  Alscrip  that 
the  magic  words  are  "  nimini  pimini ;  " 
and  that  if  she  will  stand  before  her 
mirror  and  pronounce  these  words  re- 
peatedly, she  cannot  fail  to  give  her 
lips  that  happy  plie  which  is  known  as 
the  "  Paphian  mimp." — The  Heiress,  iii, 
2  (1781,. 

Pru'sio,  king  of  Alvarecchia,  slain 
bv  Zerbi'no. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Pry  {Paul),  one  of  those  idle, 
meddling  fellows,  who,  having  no  em- 
ployment of  their  own,  are  perpetually 
interfering  in  the  affairs  of  other  people. 
— John  Poole,  Paul  Pry. 

Prydwen  or  Puidwix  {q.v.),  called 
in  the  Mabino<jion  the  ship  of  king  Arthur. 
It  was  also  the  name  of  his  shield. 
Taliessin  speaks  of  it  as  a  ship,  and 
Robert  of  Gloucester  as  a  shield. 

Hys>  sseld  that  bet  Prydwen. 

Myd  ys  suerd  he  was  ygurd.  that  so  strong  was  and  kene  | 
Ciil>  bourne  yt  was  ycluped,  nas  nour  no  such  ye  wene. 
Iu  ys  right  bond  ys  lance  be  noni,  that  ycluped  was  lion. 

L174. 

Prynne  {Hester),  in  Hawthorne's 
novel  entitled  'The  Scarlet  Letter  (1850). 

Psalmist  {The).  King  David  is 
called  "The  Sweet  Psalmist  of  Israel" 
(2  Sam.  xxiii.  1).  In  the  compilation 
called  Psalms,  in  the  Old  Testament, 
seventy-three  bear  the  name  of  David, 
twelve  were  composed  by  Asaph,  eleven 
by  the  sons  of  Korah,  and  one  {Psalm 
xc.)  by  Moses. 

Psalter  of  Tarah.  or  Tara,  a 
volume  in  which  the  early  kings  of 
Ireland  inserted  all  historic  events  ana 
enactments.  It  began  in  the  reign  of 
Ollav  Fola.  of  the  family  of  Ir,  B.C.  900, 
and   was  read  to  the  assembled  princes 


P8YCARPAX 


799 


PUDDING. 


when  they  met  in  the  convention  which 
assembled  in  the  great  hall  of  that 
splendid  palace.  Also  called  Tarn's 
['salt' 

Their  tril*.  thry  anld.  their  hbih  degree. 
Was  cuug  In  rami  /'• 

Caiiiplwll.  CfConnor't  Child. 

Psycarpax  (i.e.  u  granary-thief  "), 
B<>n  of  Troxartas  kin.,'  of  the  mice.    The 

frog  king  offered  to  carry  the  young 
Psycarpax  over  a  lake  ;  but  a  water- 
bydra  made  its  appearance,  and  the  frog 
king,  to  save  himself,  dived  under  water, 
whereby  the  mouse  prince  lost  his  life. 
This  catastrophe  brought  about  the  fatal 
Tattle  of  the  nvgt  and  Mice,  Translated 
from  the  Greek  into  English  verse  by 
Parnell  (1G79-1717). 

Psyche  [SC.kc],  a  most  beautiful 
maiden,  with  whom  Cupid  fell  in  love. 
The  god  told  her  she  was  never  to  seek 
to  know  who  he  was  ;  but  Psyche  could 
not  resist  the  curiosity  of  looking  at  him 
as  he  lay  asleep.  A  drop  of  the  hot  oil 
from  Psyche's  lamp  falling  on  the  love- 
god,  woke  him,  and  he  instantly  took  to 
flight.  Psyche  now  wandered  from  place 
to  place,  persecuted  by  Venus  ;  but  after 
enduring  ineffable  troubles,  Cupid  came 
at  last  to  her  rescue,  married  her,  and 
bestowed  on  her  immortality. 

This  exquisite  allegory  is  from  the 
Golden  Ass  of  ApulSios.  Lafontaine 
has  turned  it  into  French  verse.  M. 
Laprade  (born  1812)  has  rendered  it  into 
French  most  exquisitely.  The  English 
version,  by  Mrs.  Tii;he,  in  six  cantos,  is 
■imply  unreadable. 

The  story  of  Cupid  and  Psyche  is  an 
allegory,  meaning  that  castles  in  the  air 
are  exquisite  till  we  look  at  them  as 
realities,  when  the}-  instantly  vanish,  and 
leave  only  disappointment  and  vexation 
behind. 

PternogTyphus  [**baotm-aooopern)t 

one  of  the  mouse  chieftains. — Parnell, 
BotUe  of  tlie  Frvjs  and  Mice,  iii.  (about 
1712). 

Pternoph'agus  ("6tzoon-eare*r"),one 
of  the  mouse  chieftains. 

But  Aba  PtwnoptncDi  A;\  Idea  hta  wnj 

Thro'  hrtvikiigs  nuika,  ainl  leftdl  tin-  lll—dHll  tiny. 

N"  nibbling  prim  a  uoaUod  In  tk  n  tnem  more, — 
His  i^wimils  f.ii  him  on  the  nvnige 

PknielL,  iiatUe  q/  f/xi  fru-ji  and  Mho.  111.  (about  1713). 

Ptornotractas    ("baoon-gna 
father  of  "  the  meal-licker,"  Lycomue 
(wife  of  Troxartas,  "the  bread  eater"). 

Psyearpas,  the  king  of  the  in  ice,  v.  as  son  of 
Lycomild,  and  grandson  of  Plcrnotraetad. 


— Parnell,  flattie  of  the  Froqs  and  Mice,  L 
(about  1712). 

Ptolemean  System  (The).  King 
Alfonso,  speaking  of  this  system,  said, 

if  he  had    been    consulted  at  the  CI 

of  the  world,  he  would  have  spared  the 

Maker  of  it  many  absurdities. 

I  wtUe  all  t'i--.  thing  bf  intuition  .  .  . 
Like  tiiik  A  f 

Byron,   yitivn  of  Jtidj/mmt  (18191. 

Public  Good  (The  Leagm  of  the), 
a  league  between  the  duke,  of  Burgundy, 

Brittany,  ami  otlier  French  prince* 
against  Louis  XI. 

Public'ola,  of   the  Despatch 
paper,    .vaa   the    nom   d  I    Mr. 

\\  illiams,  a  vigorous  political  wi\ 

Publius,  the  surviving  son  of  Hora- 
tius  after  the  combat  between  the  three 
Ilorntian     brothel  the     three 

Curiatii  of   Alba.     lb-    entertained    the 
Roman  notion  that  "  a  patriot's  soul  can 
feel  no  ties  but  duty,  and  know  n- 
of    kindred  "    if    it    conflicts    with     his 
country's  weal.      His  Bister  was  ei 
to  Gains  Curiatius,  one  of  the  three  Alluin 
champions  ;  and  when  she  reproved  him 
for  "  murdering  "  her  betrothed,  : 
her,  for  he   loved    Rome    more    than    he 
loved  friend,  sister,  brother,  or  thi     i       I 
name  of  father. — Whitehead,  The  Roman 
Father  (1741). 

Pucel.  Xa  M  Puoel  lived  in  the 
tower  of  "Musyke."    Grannde  Amove, 

sent  thither  by  Fame  to  be  instructed   by 

the  seven  ladies  of  science,  tell  in  love 
with    her,    and    ultimately    married    her. 

After  his  death,  Remembrance  wrote  his 
"epitaphy  on  his  graue." — S.  Hawes, 
TUe  Paeee-tyme  of  Pieman  (1606,  printer] 
1515). 

Pucello    (La),    a    surname    given    to 
Joan    of    Arc    the    "Maid    of    Oi 
(1  11"   1131). 

Puck,    generally    called     Hobgoblin, 

Same  as  Rooin  Goodfellow.    Bhaki 

in  Midsumm  .,  represents 

him  as  "a  very   Shetlander  among  the 

gOSSamer-winged,  dainty-limbed  fairies, 
Strong  enough    to    knock   all   their  heads 

together,  a  rough,  knurly-limbed,  fawn- 
.    Bhock-pated,    mischievous    little 
urchin." 

■th  Pnrk.  whl<  h  moat  men  call 
Hobgoblin,  and  .wi  him  d< 

*  nil  bom  pbranij  ipoken. 
"  Hull  1  bob  I"  quolli  Hob       ■  er.\  v\r^  ynur  rnur  .   .   .* 
Drayton,  JfympMdi  i  (lfltS). 

Pudding     (Jack),    a    gormandizing 


PUDDLE-DOCK  HILL. 


800 


PUNCH. 


clown.  In  French  he  is  called  Jean 
Potage  ;  in  Dutch,  Pickel-Herriruje ;  in 
Italian  Macaroni;  in  German  John 
Sausage  (Hanswurst). 

Puddle-Dock  Hill,  St.  Andrew's 
Hill,  Blackfriars,  leading  down  to  Puddle 
Wharf,  Ireland  Yard. 

Puff,  servant  of  captain  Loveit,  and 
husband  of  Tag  of  whom  he  stands  in 
awe-— D.  Garrick,  Miss  in  Her  Teens 
(1753). 

Puff  {Mr.),  a  man  who  had  tried  his 
hand  on  everything  to  get  a  living,  and 
at  last  resorts  to  criticism.  He  says  of 
himself,  "I  am  a  practitioner  in  pane- 
gyric, or  to  speak  more  plainly,  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  art  of  puffing." 

"'  I  open,"  says  Puff,  "  with  a  clock  striking,  to  beget 
»n  awful  attention  in  the  audience ;  it  also  marks  the 
time,  which  is  four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  saves  a 
description  of  the  rising  sun,  and  a  great  deal  about 
gilding  the  eastern  hemisphere." — Sheridan,  The  Critic, 
L  1  (1779). 

"  God  forbid,"  says  Mr.  Puff,  "  that,  in  a  free  country, 
all  the  fine  words  in  the  language  should  he  engrossed  by 
the  higher  characters  of  the  piece." — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Drama. 

Puff,  publisher.    He  says : 

"  Panegyric  and  praise  !  and  what  will  that  do  with 
the  public!  Why,  who  will  give  money  to  be  told  that 
Mr.  Such-a-one  is  a  wiser  and  better  man  than  himself? 
No,  no  !  'tis  quite  and  clean  out  of  nature.  A  good  sous- 
ing satire,  now,  well  powdered  with  personal  pepper,  and 
seasoned  with  the  spirit  of  party,  that  demolishes  a 
conspicuous  character,  and  sinks  him  below  our  own 
level, — there,  there,  we  are  pleased  ;  there  we  chuckle  and 
grin,  and  toss  the  half-crowns  on  the  counter." — Foots, 
The  Patron  (17W). 

Pug,  a  mischievous  little  goblin, 
called  "  Puck  "  by  Shakespeare. — B. 
Jonson,  The  Devil  is  an  Ass  (1616). 

Puggie  Orrock,  a  sheriff's  officer  at 
Fairport. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  III.). 

Pugna  Porco'rum  (i.e.  "battle  of 
the  pigs"),  a  poem,  extending  to  several 
hundred  lines,  in  which  every  word 
begins  with  the  letter  p. 

Pul'ei  (L.),  poet  of  Florence  (1432- 
1487),  author  of  the  heroi'-comic  poem 
called  Morgante  Maagiore,  a  mixture  of 
the  bizarre,  the  serious,  and  the  comic, 
in  ridicule  of  the  romances  of  chivalry. 
This  Don  Juan  class  of  poetry  has  since 
been  called  Bernesqtie,  from  Francesco 
Berni  of  Tuscany,  who  greatly  excelled 
in  it. 

Pulci  was  sire  of  the  half-serious  rhyme, 
Who  sang  when  chivalry  was  more  quixotic, 
And  revelled  in  the  fancies  of  the  lime, 
Irue  knhjhts,  chaste  dames,  huge  giants,  kings  despotic 
Byron,  Hun  Juan,  iv.  6  US*)*. 


Pulia'no,  leader  of  the  Nasamo'ni. 
He    was    slain    by    Rinaldo.  —  Ariosto, 

Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Pumblechook,  uncle  to  Joe  Gar- 
gery  the  blacksmith.  He  was  a  well-to- 
do  corn-chandler,  and  drove  his  own 
chaise-cart.  A  hard-breathing,  middle- 
aged,  slow  man  was  uncle  Pumblechook, 
with  fishy  eyes  and  sandy  hair  inquisi- 
tively on  end.  He  called  Pip,  in  his 
facetious  way,  "  six-pen'orth  of  ha'- 
pence ; "  but  when  Pip  came  into  his 
fortune,  Mr.  Pumblechook  was  the  most 
servile  of  the  servile,  and  ended  almost 
every  sentence  with,  "May  I,  Mr.  Pip?" 
i.e.  have  the  honour  of  shaking  hands 
with  you  again. — C.  Dickens,  Great  Ex- 
pectations (1860). 

Pumpernickel  (His  Transparency), 
a  nickname  by  which  the  Times  satirized 
the  minor  German  princes. 

Some  ninety  men  and  ten  drummers  constitute  theil 
whole  embattled  host  on  the  parade-ground  before  their 
palace ;  and  their  whole  revenue  Is  supplied  by  a  per- 
centage on  the  tax  levied  on  strangers  at  the  Pumper- 
nickel kursaal. — Times,  July  18, 186U 

Pumpkin  (Sir  Gilbert),  a  country 
gentleman  plagued  with  a  ward  (Miss 
Kitty  Sprightly)  and  a  set  of  servants 
all  stage  mad.  He  entertains  captain 
Charles  Stanley  and  captain  Harry 
Stukely  at  Strawberry  Hall,  when  the 
former,  under  cover  of  acting,  makes 
love  to  Kitty  (an  heiress),  elopes  with 
her,  and  marries  her. 

Miss  Bridget  Pumpkin,  sister  of  sir 
Gilbert  of  Strawberry  Hall.  A  Mrs. 
Malaprop.  She  says,  "The  Greeks,  the 
Romans,  and  the  Irish  are  barbarian 
nations  who  had  plays  ;  "  but  sir  Gilbert 
says,  "they  were  all  Jacobites."  She 
speaks  of  "  taking  a  degree  at  our  prin- 
cipal adversity  ;  "  asks  "if  the  Muses  are 
a  family  living  at  Oxford,"  if  so,  sh<* 
tells  captain  Stukely,  she  will  be  de- 
lighted to  "  see  them  at  Strawberry  Hall, 
with  any  other  of  his  friends."  Miss 
Pumpkin  hates  "play  acting,"  but  does 
not  object  to  love-making.— Jackman, 
All  the  World's  a  Stage. 

Pun.  He  who  would  make  a  pun, 
would  pick  a  pocket,  generally  ascribed  to 
Dr.  Johnson,  but  has  been  traced  by  Moy 
Thomas  to  Dr.  Donne  (1573-1631). 

V  Dr.  Johnson  lived  1709-1784. 

Punch,  derived  from  the  Latin  Mimt, 
through  the  Italian  Pullicinella.  It  was 
originally  intended  as  a  characteristic! 
representation.     The  tale  is  this  :  Punch, 


PUNCH. 


801 


l'l  l: 


in  a  fit  of  jealousy,  strangles  his  infant 
child,  when  Jody  flies  to   her 
With    a    bludgeon    she    belabours 

hushand,  till   he  become*  so  exasj 

that  b<  '  be  bludgeon  from  her, 

kirn, -Us     her    brains    out,    and    flings    the 

dead  body  into  the  street.  Here  it 
attracts  the  notice  of  a  police- 
who  enters  the  house,  and  ranch  flies  to 
save  his  life.  He  is  however,  arrested  by 
an  officer  of  the  Inquisition,  and  is  shut 
u|>  in  prison,  from  which  In-  escapes  by  a 
golden  key.      The  rest  of  the  allegory 

shows  the  triumph  of  l'unch  over  Blander 
in    the  shape  of  a    dog,  disease  in  the 

guise  of  a  doctor,  death,  and  the  drvil. 

Pantalone  was  a  Venetian  merchant; 
Dottore,  a  Bologneae    physii 

viento,  a  Neapolitan  braggadocio  ;  I'ulli- 
cinella,  a  wag  of  Apulia;  Giangurgolo 
and  Coviello,  two  clowns  of  Calabria; 
lino,  a  Roman  beau;  Beltrame,  a 
Milanese  simpleton  ;  Brighelfa,*  Ferrarese 
pimp  ;  and  Arlecchino,  a  blundering 
servant  of  Bergamo.  Bach  was  clad  in 
an  appropriate  dress,  had  a  characteristic 
mask,  and  spoke  the  dialect  of  the  place 
he  represented. 

Besides  these,  there  were  Amorosos  or 
Innamoratos,  with  their  Bervettaa  or 
waiting-maids,  as  .         mbina, 

Spilletta,  etc.,  who  spoke  Tuscan. — 
Walker,  On  the  Revival  of  the  L>rauui  in 
Hal j,  219. 

Punch,  the  periodical.    The  first  cover 


was  designed   by  A.  S.    Henninj 


the 


present  one  l>y  R.  Doyle. 

Pure       {Simon),      a       Pennsylvanian 

rpiaker.  Being  about  to  visit  London 
i.i  attend  the  quarterly   meeting  of  his 

mi'!,    he     brings    with     him    a     letter    of 

introduction   to   Obadiah   Prim,  a  rigid, 
Btern  quaker,  ami  the  guardian  of  Anne 
Lovely     an      heiress     worth 
Colonel    Feignwell,  availing  hint 
this  letter  "f  introduction,  passes  himself 
nil'  as  Simon  Pure,  and 
as    the   accepted   suitor  of  tin-  I 
Presently  the  real  Simon  Pure  makes  his 
appearance,  and  i  an  impostor 

and  swindler.  The  colonel  hastens  on 
the  marriage  arrangements,  and  has  no 
sooner  completed  them,  than  Master 
Simon  re-appears,  with  witnesses  to  prove 

his  identity  ;  hul   it  is  too  late,  and  I 

Feignwell  freely  acknowledges  the  "hold 
stroke  he  has  made  tor  .1  wife."— Mrs. 
Centlivre,   A    Bold   Stroke  for  a 
(1717). 

Purefoy  {Mjaeter),  former    !■,: 


I>r.  Anthony  Rochecliffe  the  plotting 
1  L — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodst:<:;  (time, 

Commonwealth). 

Purgatory,  by  I  >ant6,  inthirtj 

1 
hell,  I 'an:.-  saw  inthe  southern  hem  i 
four  stars,  "  ne'er  ive  by 

our  first   parents."  sym- 

bolical      of      the     four      ftwrfinsl     virtues 

(prudence,  justice,  fortitude,  and  tem- 
perance).   Turning  round,  he 

old    CatO,   who    said    that   a   dame    boa 

heaven   had    sent  him  to    ; 
'I  nscan  poet   for   pas.-  •  Pur- 

gatory.   Accordingly,  with  a  slendi 

old    I  Sato  girded    him,  and    from   hi 

ho  washed  "all  sordid  stain,"  restoring 

to  his  face  "that  hue'  which  the  dun 
shades  of  hell  had  covered  and  con- 
cealed "  (canto  i.;.   Dai  [lowed 

his  guide  Virgil  to  a  huge  mountain  in 
mid-ocean  antipodal  to  .in. lea,  and  began 
A  party  of  spirits  were  ferried 
over  at  the  -miii'  tiun-  by  an  an_-i  1, 
amongst  whom  wai  I  ,  a  musician, 

l>ante's  friends.    The  mountain,  he 

tells     US,    is     divided    into     ;• 

terminates  in  Earthly  Paradise,  which  is 
separated  from  it  by  two  rivers— LethA 

and  Eu'  ■.     The  Bret  eight 

are  occupied  by  the  ascent,  and  then  they 
come  to  the    gate  of  Purgatory.     This 
is  approached  by  three  stairs  (faith, 

penitence,    and    piety)  ;   the  first    >' air   IS 

transparent    white    marble, 
crystal  ;  the  second  is  black  and  cracki  d  ; 
and   the  third   is  of   Mood-red    porphyry 
(canto  ix.).    The  porter  marked  on  Dante's 
fori  !n  .id  seven  1''-  "),  and 

tol.l    him     he    Would    [OSS    one    si 

..■lied     the     river    which 

divided  Purgatory  from  Paradise.  Vir- 
gil continued  his  guide  till  the]   came  to 

l.etli--,    when    he    hft    him     during 
(canto    xxx.).      Dante"  was   then   •.. 
through    the    rivet    Lethd,    drank    ot   the 
waters  of  EunOe,  ami  met  Beatrice,  who 

conducted    him    till     he     arrived    at    the 

"sphere  of  unbodied  Light,"  when  she 
resigned  her  office  to  ;>t.  Bernard. 

Purgon,   one    of    the    .'...tors    in 

When  the  patient's  brothi  r 
■  red,  and  sent  the  apothecary  away 
with  his  clysters,  Dr.  Purgon  got  into 
a  towering  ra^'e,  and  threatened  to  leave 
the  house  and  inver  more  to  visit  it.  He 
then  said  to  the  patient,  "<viiie  vouu 
tombiez  dans  la  bradypepsie  .  .  .  de  la 
brad]  p<  psie  dans  la  dj  .  .  .  de  la 

..  1 


PURITANI. 


802 


PYGMY, 


dyspepsie  dans  l'apepsie  .  .  .  de  l'apepsie 
dans  la  lienterie  .  .  .  de  la  lienterie  dans 
la  dyssenterie  .  .  .  de  la  dyssenterie  dans 
rhydropisie  .  .  .  et  l'hydropisie  dans  la 
privation  de  la  vie." 

Votre  M.  Purgon,  .  .  .  c'est  nn  homme  tout  medecln 
depuis  la  tete  jusqu' aux  pieds ;  un  homme  qui  cruit  a  ses 
regies  plus  qu'  a  touted  tes  demonstrations  des  niathe- 
matiques,  et  qui  cruiratt  du  crime  a  les  vouloir  examiner  ; 
qui  ue  voir  rien  d'ohscur  dans  la  medecine,  rien  do 
duuteux,  riende  difficile  ;  et  qui.  avecuue  impetuositd  de 
prevention,  une  roideur  de  confiance,  une  hrutalite  de  sens 
coinmun  et  de  ration,  donne  au  travers  des  purgations  et 
des  saignees.  et  ne  b  dance  aucune  chose. — Moliere,  La 
hlaladt  Imaginaire,  iii.  3  (1673). 

Purita'ni  (1),  **  the  puritan,"  that  is 
Elvi'ra,  daughter  of  lord  Walton  also  a 
puritan,  affianced  to  Ar'turo  (lord  Arthur 
Talbot)  a  cavalier.  On  the  day  of 
espousals,  Arturo  aids  Enrichetta  (Hen- 
rietta, widow  of  Charles  I.)  to  escape  ; 
and  Elvira,  supposing  that  he  is  eloping, 
loses  her  reason.  On  his  return,  Arturo 
explains  the  fact  to  Elvira,  and  they  vow 
nothing  on  earth  shall  part  them  more, 
when  Arturo  is  arrested  for  treason,  and 
led  oft'  to  execution.  At  this  crisis,  a 
herald  announces  the  defeat  of  the 
Stuarts,  and  Cromwell  pardons  all  politi- 
cal offenders,  whereupon  Arturo  is  re- 
leased, and  marries  Elvira. — Bellini's 
opera,  I  Puritani  (1834). 

(The  libretto  of  this  opera  is  by  C. 
Pepoli.) 

Purley  (Diversions  of),  a  work  on  the 
analysis  and  etymology  of  English  words, 
by  John  Home,  the  son  of  a  poulterer  in 
London.  In  1782  he  assumed  the  name 
of  Tooke,  from  Mr.  Tooke  of  Purley,  in 
Surrey,  with  whom  he  often  stayed,  and 
who  left  him  £8000  (vol.  i.,  1785  ;  vol.  ii., 
1805). 

Purple  Island  (The),  the  human 
body.  It  is  the  name  of  a  poem  in 
twelve  cantos,  by  Phineas  Fletcher 
(IC33).  Canto  i.  Introduction.  Cantos 
ii.-v.  An  anatomical  description  of  the 
human  body,  considered  as  an  island 
kingdom.  Canto  vi.  The  "intellec- 
tual" man.  Canto  vii.  The  "natural 
man,"  with  its  affections  and  lusts. 
Canto  viii.  The  world,  the  flesh,  and 
the  devil,  as  the  enemies  of  man. 
Cantos  ix.,  x.  The  friends  of  man  who 
enable  him  to  overcome  these  enemies. 
Cantos  xi.,  xii.  The  battle  of  "Mansoul," 
the  triumph,  and  the  marriage  of  Eclecta. 
The  whole  is  supposed  to  be  sung  to 
shepherds  by  Thirsil  a  shepherd. 

Pusil'lus,  Peeble-mindedness  per- 
soniliedin  The  Purple  island,  by  Phineas 
fclclcher    (1033);    "a   weak,  distrustful 


heart."    Fully    described   in   canto  viii. 
(Latin,  pusillus,  "  pusillanimous.") 

Puss  in  Boots,  from  Charles  Per- 
rault's  tale  Le  Chat  Botte  (1697). 
Perrault  borrowed  the  tale  from  the 
Nights  of  Straparola  an  Italian.  Stra- 
parola's  Nights  were  translated  into 
French  in  1585,  and  Perrault's  Contes  de 
Fees  were  published  in  1G97.  Ludwig 
Tieck,  the  German  novelist,  reproduced 
the  same  tale  in  his  Vollismiirchen  (1795), 
called  in  German  Der  Gestiefelte  Kater. 
The  cat  is  marvellously  accomplished, 
and  by  ready  wit  or  ingenious  tricks 
secures  a  fortune  and  royal  wife  for  his 
master,  a  penniless  young  miller,  who 
passes  under  the  name  of  the  marquis  de 
Car'abas.  In  the  Italian  tale,  puss  is 
called  "  Constantine's  cat." 

Putrid  Plain  (The),  the  battle-field 
of  Aix,  in  Provence,  where  Marius  over- 
threw the  Teutons,  B.C.  102. 

Pwyll's  Bag  (Prince),  a  bag  that 
it  was  impossible  to  fill. 

Come  thou  In  by  thyself,  clad  in  ragged  garments,  and 
holding  a  hag  in  thy  hand,  and  ask  nothing  but  a  bagful 
of  food,  and  1  will  cause  that  if  all  the  meat  and  liquor 
that  are  in  these  seven  cantreves  were  put  into  it,  it 
would  be  no  fuller  than  before. — The  Mabinogion  I"  Pwyll 
Prince  of  Dyved,"  twelfth  century). 

Pygma'lion,  the  statuary  of  Cyprus. 
He  resolved  never  to  marry,  but  became 
enamoured  of  his  own  ivory  statue, 
which  Venus  endowed  with  life,  and  the 
statuary  married.  Morris  has  a  poem  on 
the  subject  in  his  Earthly  Paradise 
("August"). 

P«n  in  loue  with  these. 
As  did  Pygmalion  with  his  carvoJ  tree, 
lord  Erooke,  Trcatie  on  Unman  Learning  (1554-1G28). 

*„.*  Lord  Brooke  calls  the  statue  "  a 
carved  tree."  There  is  a  vegetable  ivory, 
no  doubt,  one  of  the  palm  species,  and 
there  is  the  ebon  tree,  the  wood  of  which 
is  black  as  jet.  The  former  could  not  be 
known  to  Pygmalion,  but  the  latter 
might,  as  Virgil  speaks  of  it  in  his 
Georgics,  ii.  117,  "India  nigrum  fert 
ebenum."  Probably  lord  Brooke  blun- 
dered from  the  resemblance  between  ebor 
("ivory")  and  ebon,  in  Latin  "ebenum." 

Pygmy,  a  dwarf.  The  pygmies  were 
a  nation  of  dwarfs  always  at  war  with 
the  cranes  of  Scythia.  They  were  not 
above  a  foot  high,  and  lived  somewhere  at 
the  "end  of  the  earth" — either  in  Thrace, 
Ethiopia,  India,  or  the  Upper  Nile.  The 
pygmy  women  were  mothers  at  the  age 
of  three,  and  old  women  at  eight.  Their 
houses  were  built  of  egg-shells.  They 
cut  down  a  blade  of  wheat  with  an  axe 
and  hatchet,  as  we  fell  huge  forest  trees. 


FYKE  AND  PLUCK. 


803 


PYTrlAGOLAS. 


One  day,  they  resolved  to  attack  Her- 
culfs  in  his  sleep,  and  went  to  work  as  in 
a  siege.  An  army  attacked  each  band, 
and  the  archers  attacked  the  feet.  Her- 
cules awoke,  and  with  the  paw  of  his  lion- 
skin  overwhelmed  the  whole  host,  and 
carried  them  captive  to  king  Eurystheus. 

Swift  has  availed  himself  of  this 
Grecian  fable  in  his  Gulliver's  Travels 
("  Lilliput,"  1726). 

Pyke  and  Pluck  (Messrs.),  the 
tools  and  toadies  of  sir  Mulberry  Hawk. 
They  laugh  at  all  his  jokes,  snub  all  who 
attempt  to  rival  their  patron,  and  are 
ready  to  swear  to  anything  sir  Mulberry 
wishes  to  be  confirmed. — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nicldeby  (1838). 

Pylades  and  Orestes,  inseparable 
friends.  Pyladus  was  a  nephew  of  king 
Agamemnon,  and  Orestes  was  Aga- 
memnon's son.  The  two  cousins  con- 
tracted a  friendship  which  has  become 
proverbial.  Subsequently,  Pylades  mar- 
ried Orcstes's  sister  Elcctra. 

Lagrange-Chancel  has  a  French  drama 
entitled  Oreste et  Pylade  (1695).  Voltaire 
also  (Oreste,  1750).  The  two  characters 
are  introduced  into  a  host  of  plays, 
Greek,  Italian,  French,  and  English. 
(See  Andromache.) 

Pyrac'mon,  one  of  Vulcan's  work- 
men in  the  smith}-  of  mount  Etna.  (Greek, 
pur  ahnwn,  "  lire  anvil.") 

Far  passing  Bronteus  or  Pyrncmon  frreat. 
The  whleb  in  Li  pari  do  day  and  night 
Franio  thunderbolts  for  Jove. 

Spenser,  Faery  (Juecn,  iv.  5  (159G). 

Pyramid.    According  to  Diodo'rns 

Sie'ulus  (Hist.,  i.),  and  Pliny  [Nat. 
Hist.,  xxxvi.  12),  there  were  360,000 
men  employed  for  nearly  twenty  years 
upon  one  of  the  pyramids. 

The  largest  pyramid  was  built  by 
Cheops  or  Suphis,  the  next  largest  by 
Cephrenea  or  Sen-Snphis,  and  the  third 
by  lUenchcrcs  last  king  of  the  fourth 
Egyptian    dynasty,    said    to    have    lived 

before  the  birth  of  Abraham. 

The  Third  Pyramid.  Another  tradition 
is  that  the  third  pyramid  was  built  by 
Khodopis  or  Rhodope,  the  Greek  courtesan. 

Khodopis  means  the  "  rosy-cheeked." 
The  Bhodnpt  thai  bulll  Iha  pyramid 

Tunny, on,  TUc  fXflCCO.  ii.  (1830). 

Pyramid  of  Mexico.  This  pyramid 

is  said  to  have  been  built  in  the  reign  of 
Montezuma  emperor  of   Mexico   (1466- 

1520),  Its  base  is  double  the  size  of 
Cheops's  pyramid,  that  is,  1423  feet  each 

side,  but  its  height  does  uol  exceed  lot 
f^ct.     It  stands  west  of  Puebla,  faces  the 


four    cardinal    points,     was    used    as    a 
mausoleum,  and  is  usually  called  "The 

Pyramid  of  (,'holnla." 

Pyr'amos  (in  Latin  Py  ramus),  th* 
lover  of  Tliisbe.  Supposing  Thisbti  had 
been  torn  to  pieces  by  a  bon,   Pyramoa 

stabs  himself  in  his  unutterable  grief 
"under  a  mulberry  tree."  Here  TbisbS 
finds  the  dead  body  of  her  lov< 
kills  herself  for  grief  on  the  same  Boot. 
Ever  since  then  the  juice  of  this  fruit  ban 
been  blood-stained. — Greek  M 

Shakespeare  has  introduced  a  bur 
of  this  pretty  love  story  in  his  Midsummer 
Nijld's  Dream,  but  Ovid  has  told  the  talo 
beautifully. 

Pyre'ni,  the  Pyrenees. 

Who  [Henri/  F.]  tiy  his  conquering  sword  ahould  all  the 

land  -ur|<ri-t\ 
Which  twixt  Uie  Penmonnnur  and  the  Pyrenl  lic^. 

M.  Drayton,  PotgoMon,  iv.  (1G12). 

(Penmenmaur,  a  hill  in  Caernaxvon- 
shire.) 

Pyrgo  Polini'ces,  an  extravagant 
blusterer.  (The  word  means  "  tower  and 
town  taker.") — Plautus,  Miles  Gluriosus. 

If  the tern  raadat  knows  nothing  of  Pyrg.i  iviinicc'i 

andThraao,  Pistol  and  ParoUte;  If  hob  shot  out  bom  Ho- 
phelo-Coccygia.  ho  may  take  relume  in  Liiliput.  —  U 

%*  "Thraso,"     a     bully    in    Terence 
(The  Eunuch);   "Pistol,"  in  the  . 
Wives  of     Windsor  and  2  Henry   IV.: 

"Parolles,"  in  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well; 
"  Nephelo-Coccygia  "  or  cloud  cuckoo- 
town,  in  Aristophanes  (The  Birds)  ;  and 
"  Lilliput,"  in  Swift  (Gulliver's  'Travels). 

Py'rocles  (3  syl.)  and  his  brother 
Cy'mocles  (3  syl.),  sons  of  Aera'tes  (in- 
continence). The  two  brothers  are  about 
to  strip  sir  Guyon,  when  prune  Arthur 
comes  up  and  slays  both  of  them. — 
Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  ii.  8  (LOU). 

PyrocTes  and  Musidorus,  heroes, 
whose    exploits  are  told   by  sir  Philip 

Sidney  in  iiis  Arcadia  ( I 

Pyr'rho,  the  founder  of  the  bc 
or  1\  rrhonian  school  of  philosophy,     lie 
was  a  native  of  Elis,  in  Peloponne'sns, 
and  died  at  the  .i  B.C.  285). 

ii  i 

Like  Pyrruu,  oi 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  It  IS  (18  -n 

%*  "  Pyrrhonism  "  means  absolute  and 

unlimited  infidelity. 

Pythag'oras,  the  Greek  philosopher, 

who   is  said  to  have   invented  th*  lyre 

from  bearing  the  Bounds  produced  by  a 

mitb  hammering  iron  on  bis  anvil. 

— See  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  122. 

t  Pythagoras  of  >   re. 
.  bWde  Uie  blacksniiUYi  toot. 


PYTHIAS. 


804 


And  hearing  the  hammers,  as  he  smote 
The  anvils  with  a  different  note  .  .  . 
.  .  .  formed  the  seven-chorded  lyre. 

Longfellow,  To  a  Child. 

Handel  wrote  an  "  air  with  variations" 
which  he  called  The  Harmonious  Black- 
smith, said  to  have  been  suggested  by  the 
sounds  proceeding  from  a  smithy,  where 
he  heard  the  village  blacksmiths  swinging 
their  heavy  sledges  "with  measured  beat 
and  slow." 

Pyth'ias,  a  Syracusian  soldier,  noted 
)  for  his  friendship  for  Damon.  When 
Damon  was  condemned  to  death  by 
Dionysius  the  new-made  king  of  Syra- 
cuse, Pythias  obtained  for  him  a  respite 
of  six  hours,  to  go  and  bid  farewell  to 
his  wife  and  child.  The  condition  of  this 
respite  was  that  Pythias  should  be  bound, 
and  even  executed,  if  Damon  did  not 
return  at  the  hour  appointed.  Damon 
returned  in  due  time,  and  Dionysius  was 
so  struck  with  this  proof  of  friendship, 
that  he  not  only  pardoned  Damon,  but 
even  begged  to  be  ranked  among  his 
friends.  The  day  of  execution  was  the 
day  that  Pythias  was  to  have  been  married 
to  Calanthe. — Damon  and  Pythias,  a 
drama  by  K.  Edwards  (1571),  and  another 
by  John  Banim  in  1825. 

Python,  a  huge  serpent  engendered 
from  the  mud  of  "the  deluge,  and  slain 
by  Apollo.  In  other  words,  pytho  is  the 
miasma  or  mist  from  the  evaporation  of 
the  overflow,  dried  up  by  the  sun. 
(Greek,  jjuthesthai,  "to  rot;"  because 
the  serpent  was  left  to  xot  in  the  sun.) 


Q. 

Q,  (Old),  the  earl  of  March,  afterwards 
duke  of  Queensberry,  at  the  close  of  the 
last  century  and  the  beginning  of  this. 

Quacks  (Noted). 

Bechic,  known  for  his  "  cough  pills," 
consisting  of  digitalis,  white  oxide  of  anti- 
mony, and  liquorice.  Sometimes,  but 
erroneously,  called  "  Beecham's  magic 
cough  pills." 

Booker  (John),  astrologer,  etc.  (1601- 
1G67). 

Bossy  (Dr.),  a  German  by  birth.  He 
was  well  known  in  the  beginning  of  the 
nineteenth  century  in  Covent  Garden,  and 
in  other  parts  of  London. 


QUACKS. 

Brodum  (eighteenth  century).  His 
"nervous  cordial"  consisted  of  gentian 
root  infused  in  gin.  Subsequently,  a 
little  bark  was  added. 

Cagliostro,  the  prince  of  quacks. 
His  proper  name  was  Joseph  Balsamo, 
and  his  father  was  Pietro  Balsamo  of 
Palermo.  He  married  Lorenza,  the 
daughter  of  a  girdle-maker  of  Rome, 
called  himself  the  count  Alessandro  di 
Cagliostro,  and  his  wife  the  countess 
Seraphina  di  Cagliostro.  He  professed 
to  heal  every  disease,  to  abolish  wrinkles, 
to  predict  future  events,  and  was  a  great 
mesmerist.  He  styled  himself  "  Grand 
Cophta,  Prophet,  and  Thaumaturge."  His 
"Egyptian  pills"  sold  largely  at  30s. 
a  box  (1743-1795).  One  of  the  famous 
novels  of  A.  Dumas  i8  Joseph  Balsamo 
(1845). 

He  had  a  flat,  snub  face ;  dew-lapped,  flat-nosed,  greasy, 
and  sensual.  A  forehead  impudent,  and  two  eyes  which 
turned  up  most  seiaphically  languishing.  It  was  a  model 
face  for  a  quack.— Carlyle,  Li/e  o/  Cagliottro. 

Case  (Dr.  John),  of  Lime  Regis, 
Dorsetshire.  His  name  was  Latinized 
into  Caseus,  and  hence  he  was  sometimes 
called  Dr.  Cheese.  He  was  born  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.,  and  died  in  that  of 
Anne.  Dr.  Case  was  the  author  of  the 
Angelic  Guide,  a  hind  of  ZadkieCs  Alma- 
nac, and  over  his  door  was  this  couplet: 

Within  this  place 
Lives  Dr.  Case. 

Legions  of  quacks  shall  join  us  in  this  place, 
From  great  Kirleus  down  to  Dr.  Case. 

Garth,  Dispensary,  iii.  (1699). 

Clarke,  noted  for  his  "  world-famed 
blood-mixture"  (end  of  the  nineteenth 
century). 

Cockle  (James),  known  for  his  anti- 
bilious  pills,  advertised  as  "the  oldest 
patent  medicine"  (nineteenth  century). 

Franks  (Dr.  Timothy),  who  lived  in 
Old  Bailey,  was  the  rival  of  Dr.  Rock. 
Franks  was  a  very  tall  man,  while  his 
rival  was  short  and  stout  (1G92-1763). 

Dr.  Franks,  F.O.G.H.,  calls  his  rival  "Dumplin'  Dick," 
.  .  .  Sure  the  world  is  wide  enough  for  two  great  person- 
ages. Men  of  science  should  leave  controversy  to  the  little 
world,  .  .  .  and  then  we  might  see  Rock  and  Franks  walk- 
ing together  hand-in-hand,  smiling  onward  to  immortality. 
—Goldsmith,  A  Citizen  of  the  World,  lxviii.  (17511). 

Graham  (Dr.),  of  the  Temple  of 
Health,  first  in  the  Adelphi,  then  in  Pall 
Mall.  He  sold  his  "  elixir  of  life  "  for 
£1000  a  bottle,  was  noted  for  his  mud 
baths,  and  for  his  "celestial  bed,"  which 
assured  a  beautiful  progeny.  He  died 
poor  in  1784. 

Grant  (Dr.),  first  a  tinker,  then  a  bap- 
tist preacher  in  Southwark,  then  oculiit 
to  queen  Anne. 


QUACKS.  t 

H'-r  majesty  sure  was  In  a  «urprlse, 
BgDtad, 

When  I  tn.k.  r  wl      v>  .rn  10  look  after  her  eyea, 

An.l  the  mountebank  taflof  ».i-  kr 

0mA  Straff  Journal. 

(The  "mountebank  tailor "  was  Dr. 
Rend  ;  see  In-low.) 

HAHOOOK  (Dr.),  who«c  panacea  was 
cold  water  and  stewed  prunes. 

%*  Dr.  Sandgrado  prescribed  hot  water 
and  stewed  apples.  —  Li  Bias. 

Dr.    Rezio  of   Baratana  would  allow 

Sancho  Panza  tO  eat  only  "a  few  wadr-, 

and  a  thin  slice  or  two  of  quince."  •  t  r- 
vantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  Hi.  lo  (1616). 

I  Iannis  f  Dr.),  knighted  by  queen 
Anne.     He  was  horn  in  Oxfordshire* 

Tlie  queen,  like  leaven.  shines  Bqnalb  on  all, 

Her  favours  Dow  without  distinction  fill. 

Great  He.-ul,  and  dander  n  in   i   .  b  ith  Unfitted,  show 

That  none  tlieir  nonoui      I   I 

A  Politic  il  8qttU>  of  tht  Period. 

Hoi.t.oway  (Professor),  noted  for  his 
ointment  to  cure  all  strumous  affections, 
his    digestive    pills,    and    his    enormous 

expenditure  in  advertising  (nineteenth 
century).  Holloway's  ointment  is  an 
imitation  of   Albinolo's  ;  being  analyzed 

by  order  of  the  French  law-courts,  it  was 
declared  to  consist  of  butter,  lard,  wax, 
and  Venice  turpentine.  His  pills  are 
made  of  aloes,  jalap,  ginger,  and  myrrh. 

Katkki  i  i.ic.  (Dr.),  the  influenza 
doctor.  He  was  a  tall  man,  dressed  in 
a  black  gOWD  and  square  cap,  and 
was  originally  a  common  soldier  in  the 
I'russian  service.  In  1782  he  exhibited 
in  London  his  solar  microscope,  and 
created  immense  excitement  by  showing 
the  infusoria  of  muddy  water,  etc.  Dr. 
Kiiterfelto  used  to  say  that  he  was  the 
greatest  philosopher  since  the  time  of  sir 
Isaac  Newton. 

Ami  Katerfelto  with  his  hnlr  on  end, 
At  Ills  own  wonders,  wondering  tot  his  hread. 
Cowper,  Tin  Task  ("Ida  Winter  Brining,"  1781). 

Lilly  (William),  astrologer,  horn  at 
Diseworth,  in  Leicestershire  (1602  1681). 

LoNO    (St.  John),    horn    at    Newcastle, 
i    life    as    an   artist,    but   afterwards 

set  up  as  a  rarer  of  consumption,  rheu- 
matism, and  gout    His  prof  ision  brought 

him  wealth,  and  lie  Lit  •  d  in  llarley  Street. 

Cavendish  Square.    St.  John  Loi 

himself  of  rapid  consumption  (1798    188  I ). 

Mait  (Mrs.),   I  She  was 

horn  at  Epsom,  and  at  one  time  was  \ .  ry 

rich,  but  she  died  in  jreat  poverty  at  her 

lodgings  in  Seven   l>ials,   17:17. 

*«,*  Hogarth  has  introduced  her  in  Ids 
heraldic  picture,  "The  Undertakers' 
Arms."  She  is  the  middle-  of  the  three 
figures  at  the  top,  and  is  holding  a  hone 
in  her  hand. 


i  QUA 

Moori  (Mr.  John),  of  thi    Pi   Me  and 

Mortar,  Aochorch  Lane,  imn. 

his     ■•  worm-powdl  r."     and     called     tha 

'•  Worm   D 

Vain  I*  thy  art,  tin  powdaf  rain. 
Blnca  worm  inoe. 

.    ■Joart  (17531 

Morisor  (Dr.),  ramoni  for  Us  pills 

equal    part-).      ProfeflSOt    1  loll. .way,    I » r. 
D,  and  Rowland  maker  of  hair  oil 
and   tooth-powder,   were  the 
vertisers  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

Partridge,  collider,  astrologer,  alma- 
nac-maker, and  quack  (died  1 . 

Weep,  all  you  eintnmen  who  use 
His  pills,  tils  almanacs,  or  .-> 

't,  Kl*n-  *te- 

Read  (Sr   William),  a  tailor,  m  I 

up  for  oculist,  and  was  knighted  by  queen 

Anne.  This  quack  was  employed  both  by 
queen  Anne  and  George  1.  Sir  William 
cuild  not  read.   He  proteased  to  ran 

wry-necks,  and  hare-lips  (died  1715). 

.  . .  nonet!  •  jw»- 

Tbal  i  opUb  doctrine  li  exploded  .mite. 

Or  Ral|  h  bad  bean  no  duke,  and  Itead  no  knight; 

That  none  may  virtue  «-r  tli.tr  kwralng 

This  hath  no  tjruc*.  and  I). .it  can  liar  :  ■ 

A  I'oilicil  6/u.b  or  tht  Period. 

*»*  The  "  Ralph  "  n  Ferred  to  is 
Ralph  Montagu,  son  of  Edward  Mon- 
tagu, created  viscount  in  1683,  and  duke 

of  Montagu  in  1705  (died  i; 
Rock  (Dr.  Richard}  professed  to  euro 

every  disea.-e,  at  any  stage  thereof.     Ac- 
cording to  his  bills,  "  lie  your  d 
never  so  fax  gone,  I  can  cure  you."     He 

was  short  in  stature  and  fat,  always  wore 
a  white  three-tailed  wig,  nicely  eomhed 
and    frizzed    upon    each    cheek,    carried    • 

cane,  and  waddled  in  his  gait  (eigl  i 

century). 

Dr.  EU>  k,  t  0  V.  nererwor*  a  hat    He  li  usually  draw* 

p  ..f  hit  own  hills  sluing  In  an  ai  t 

a  little    i  ■■ 

rounded  with  rattan  teeth,  nippers,  pflh,  an.l  w-allipots. — 

Goldsmith,  a  t  (Mam  a/  th*  iiwu,  bnttL  (17S»). 

Sm i  in  (/v.),  who  went  about  the 
Country  in  the  eighteenth  century  in  his 
coach  with  four  outriders.      lledn  I 

black    velvet,   and   cured   any   die*  ■ 

sixpence.   '*  His  amusements  on  the 

w.re   well  worth   the   sixpence   which  ha 
I  for  his  DOS  of  pills." 

As  I  was  ulttlng  at  tile  <le..rk-e  inn.  I  saw  a  reach  with 
r«s.  a  rahuh  and  f"iir.  a  dulse  and  four,  enter 

- 
rimmed    •■ 

A  I 

w  bat  Iharawai  no  ; 

:.0   motto 

i  j  far    innn.nl 
Upon  in. |. lira.  I  found  this  grand  rqnjpaga  betel  > 

imad   Smith.—  A  Tour  I.  * 

(ir-i.il. 

ixor    (Dr.),  eighteenth   century. 


QUACKLEBEN. 


yUiii^N. 


His  "anti-impetigines"  was  simply  a 
Bolution  of  bichloride  of  mercury  coloured. 

Taylor  (Dr.  Chevalier  John).  He 
called  himself  "  Opthalminator,  Ponti- 
ficial,  Imperial,  and  Royal."  It  is  said 
that  five  of  his  horses  were  blind  from 
experiments  tried  by  him  on  their  eyes 
(died  1767). 

***  Hogarth  has  introduced  Dr.  Taylor 
in  his  "  Undertakers'  Arms."  He  is  one 
of  the  three  figures  at  the  top,  to  the  left 
hand  of  the  spectator. 

Unbokn  Doctor  [The),  of  Moorfields. 
Not  being  born  a  doctor,  he  called  him- 
self "  The  Un-born  Doctor." 

Walker  (Dr.),  one  of  the  three  great 
quacks  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the 
others  being  Dr.  Rock  and  Dr.  Timothy 
Franks.  Dr.  Walker  had  an  abhorrence 
of  quacks,  and  was  for  ever  cautioning 
the  public  not  to  trust  them,  but  come  at 
once  to  him,  adding,  "  there  is  not  such 
another  medicine  in  the  world  as  mine." 

Not  for  himself  but  for  his  country  he  prepares  his 
gallipot,  and  seals  up  his  precious  drops  for  any  country 
or  any  town,  so  great  is  his  zeal  and  philanthropy. — 
Goldsmith,  A  Citizen  of  the  World,  lxviii.  (1759). 

Ward  (Dr.),  a  footman,  famous  for 
his  "friars'  balsam."  He  was  called  in 
to  prescribe  to  George  II.,  and  died  1761. 
Dr.  Ward  had  a  claret  stain  on  his  left 
cheek,  and  in  Hogarth's  famous  picture, 
"  The  Undertakers'  Arms,"  the  cheek  is 
marked  gules.  He  occupies  the  right 
hand  side  of  the  spectator,  and  forms  one 
of  the  triumvirate,  the  others  being  Dr. 
Taylor  and  Mrs.  Mapp. 

Dr.  Kirle'us  and  Dr.  Tom  Saffold  are 
also  known  names. 

Quackleben  (Dr.  Quentin),  "  the 
man  of  medicine,"  one  of  the  committee 
at  the  Spa. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ponan's 
Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Quadroon.  Zambo  is  the  issue  of 
an  Indian  and  a  Negro  ;  Mulatto,  of  a 
Whiteman  and  a  Negress ;  Terzeron,  of 
a  Whiteman  and  a  Mulatto  woman ; 
Quadroon,  of  a  Terzeron  and  a  White. 

Quaint  (Timothy),  servant  of  gover- 
nor Heartall.  Timothy  is  "an  odd  fish, 
ihat  loves  to  swim  in  troubled  waters." 
He  says,  "I  never  laugh  at  the  governor's 

food  humours,  nor  frown  at  his  infirmities, 
always  keep  a  sober,  steady  phiz,  fixed 
W  the  gentleman's  on  horseback  at  Charing 
3ross ;  and,  in  his  worst  of  humours, 
when  all  is  fire  and  faggots  with  him,  if 
1  turn  round  and  coolly  say,  '  Lord,  sir, 
has  anything  rufiled  you  V '  he'll  burst 
out  into  an  immoderate  fit  of  laughter, 
and  exciaim,  '  Curse  that  inflexible  face 


of  thine  !  Though  you  never  suffer  a 
smile  to  mantle  on  it,  it  is  a  figure  of  fun 
to  the  rest  of  the  world.' " — Cherry,  The 
Soldier's  Daughter  (1804). 

Quaker  Poet  (The),  Bernard  Barton 
(1784-1849). 

Quale  (Mr.),  a  philanthropist,  noted 
for  his  bald,  shining  forehead.  Mrs. 
Jellyby  hopes  her  daughter  Caddy  will 
become  Quale's  wife. — Charles  Dickens, 
Bleak  House  (1853). 

Quarl  (Philip),  a  sort  of  Robinson 
Crusoe,  who  had  a  chimpanzee  for  his 
"man  Friday."  The  story  consists  of  the 
adventures  and  sufferings  of  an  English 
hermit  named  Philip  Qmirl  (1727). 

Quasimo'do,  a  foundling,  hideously 
deformed,  but  of  enormous  muscular 
strength,  adopted  by  archdeacon  Frollo. 
He  is  brought  up  in  the  cathedral  of  Notre 
Dame  de  Paris.  One  day,  he  sees  Esme- 
ralda, who  had  been  dancing  in  the 
cathedral  close,  set  upon  by  a  mob  as 
a  witch,  and  he  conceals  her  for  a  time 
in  the  church.  When,  at  length,  the 
beautiful  gipsy  girl  is  gibbeted,  Quasimodo 
disappears  mysteriously,  but  a  skeleton 
corresponding  to  the  deformed  figure  is 
found  after  a  time  in  a  hole  under  the 
gibbet. — Victor  Hugo,  Notre  Dame  de 
Paris  (1831). 

Quatre  Filz  Aymon  (Les),  the 
four  sons  of  the  duke  of  Dordona  (Dor- 
dogne).  Their  names  are  Rinaldo,  Guic- 
ciardo,  Alardo,  and  Ricciardetto  (i.e. 
Renaud,  Guiscard,  Alard,  and  Richard), 
and  their  adventures  form  the  subject  of 
an  old  French  romance  by  Huon  de  Vil- 
leneuve  (twelfth  century). 

Quaver,  a  singing-master,  who  says 
"  if  it  were  not  for  singing-masters,  men 
and  women  might  as  well  have  been  born 
dumb."  He  courts  Lucy  by  promising 
to  give  her  singing  lessons. — Fielding, 
TJie  Virgin  Unmasked. 

Queen  (The  Starred  Ethiop),  Cassi- 
opea,  wife  of  Cepheus  (2  ml.)  king  of 
Ethiopia.  She  boasted  that  she  was  fairer 
than  the  sea-nymphs,  and  the  offended 
nereids  complained  of  the  insult  to  Nep- 
tune, who  sent  a  sea-monster  to  ravage 
Ethiopia.  At  death,  Cassiopea  was  made 
a  constellation  of  thirteen  stars. 

.  .  .  that  starred  Ethiop  queen  that  stroT* 

To  set  her  beauty's  praise  above 

The  sea-nymphs,  and  their  powers  offended. 

Milton,  II  Penseroso,  19  (1638). 

Queen  (TJie  White),  Mary  queen  of 
Scots,   La  Peine  Blanche ;  so  called  bj 


Ql  EEN  DICK. 


Ql  ERPO. 


the  French,  because  she  dressed  in  while 
as  mourning  f..r  her  husband. 

Queen  Dick.  Richard  Cromwell 
(1626,  1668  1660,  died  1712). 

*J*  It  happened  in  the  r 
Dick,  never,  on  the  Greek  kalends.    This 
docs  not  ref<  r  to  Richard  Cromwell,  but 
to  queen  "Outis."    There  never  was  a 
queen  Dick,  except  by  way  of  joke. 

Queen  Sarah,  Sarah  Jennings 
duchess  of  Marlborough  \  1660  17  1 1). 

Queen  Ann,-  onb  rajgnad,  wliilc  quoen  Sarah  governed. 
—ItmiJe  liar,  \ 

Queen  Square  Hermit,  Jeremy 
Kent  ham,  1,  yueeu  Square,  London 
(17  is   1832). 

Queen  of  Hearts,  Elizabeth  Stuart 
daughter  oi  James  I.,  the  unfortunate 
queen  of  Bohemia  (1596-1662). 

Queen  of  Heaven,  Aahtoreth  ("the 
moon").  Horace  calls  the  moon  "the 
two-horned  queen  of  the  Btars." 

Some  Bpeak  of  the  Virgin  alary  as 
"  the  queen  of  heaven." 

Queen  of  Queens.  Cleopatra  was 
to  called  by  Mark  Antony  (b.O.  G'J-60). 

Queen  of  Song,  Angelica  Catala'ni : 
also  called  "The  Italian  Nightingale" 
(1782-1849). 

Queen  of  Sorrow  {The  Marble), 
the  mausoleum  built  by  shah  Jehan  to  his 
favourite  wife  Moomtaz-i-Mahul. 

Queen  of  Tears,  Mary  of  Bfo'dena, 
second   wife  of  James   II.   of    England 

1718). 

"' ■'  '■•  nil  fountains  of  torrow  f..r  thai 

■town    bar  own   III   policy  contributed  u>  loee.— Noblo, 
Mtmotrt,  etc.  (1784). 

Queen  of  the  Antilles  [An.Lrl], 
Cuha. 

Queen  of  the  East,  Zenobia  queen 
«■-•  Palmy'ra  (*,  266  273). 

Queen  of  the  Eastern  Archi- 
pelago, the  island  of  .lava. 

Queen  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley,  St.  Louis  oi  Missouri. 

Queen  of  the  North,  Edinburgh. 

Queen  of  the  Sciences,  the 

Queen  of  the  Sea.  So  ancient  lyre 
Was  called. 

Queen  of  the  South.  Bfaqueda  <>r 
BalkiB  queen  of  Sheba  or  Saba. 

Tlic  queen  oi  tbaaontb  .  .  .  came  iron)  the  nttennoal 
parts  of  i !  t  ilio  wb*lum  of  Solomon.— Halt. 

ill  *2  ;  see  als.i  1  Kiiiar  x.  1. 

*»*  According  to  tradition,  the  queen 


of  the  south  had  a  son  by  Solomon  named 
Melech,    wh  in    Ethii 

Abyssinia,  and  added  le  the 

( ii-in   ( •■  \t<  cious  si 
alluding  to  a  ring  given  to  him  bj 

nioti.      Belul  :    into    Latin 

H 

rupted  into  Prester  John  (j   • 

hannes),  and  has  riven  i      to  th<   fables 

of  this  "  mythical  kin 

Queen  of  the  Swords.  Minna 
Troil  was  so  called,  because  the  gentle- 
men, formed  into  two  lines,  held  their 
swords  so  as  to  form  an  arch  I  - 
under  which  Minna  led  the  ladies  of  the 
party.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time. 
William  III.). 

***  In  1877  W.  Q.  Orchardson,  K.  \., 
exhibited  a  picture  in  illustration  of  this 
incident. 

Queens  (Fatter  damhtert),  Raymond 
Ber'enger  count  of  Provence  had  four 
daughters,  all  of  whom  married  kings: 
Margaret  married  Louis  IX.  oi  France; 
Eleanor  married  Henry  111.  oi  England: 
Sancha  married  Henry's  brother  Richard 
king  of  the  Romans;  ami  Beatrice  mar- 
ried Charles  I.  ..i  Nnjili  i  and  Sicily. 

Four  daugulan  were  there  born 

To  Bajn) I  Bar'anger,  wul  every  one 

Became  a  queen. 

Dante.  Parotitic.  ?i.  (1311). 

Queerummania.  the  realm  of  Chro- 
nonhotonthologoa. — Carey,  Chrom  n 
thologoa  (17. 

Quentin  (Black),  groom  of  sir  John 
Ramomy.— Sir  W.Scott)  Fair  Maul  of 
Perth  (time,  1  lenry  I\'.). 

Quentin  Durward,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scoti  (  1828  .  A  story  of  French  his- 
tory. The  delineations  of  Louis  XI.  and 
Charles  the  Bold  of  Burgundy  will  stand 

comparison  with  any  in   the  wholl 

of  fiction  or  history. 

Quern-Biter,  the  sword  of  Haco  I. 
of  Norway. 

Quel 

P  .1 

TUo  miLitone  thru'  an  . 

Longfellow. 

Querno  (Camtilo)  of  Apulia  v. 
troduced  topopt  I  •     \ .  ..  ■  s  buffoon,  but 
moted  to  the  laurel.    This  laureate, 
was  Called  the  "  Antichrist  of  Wit." 
i  apltol  «w  yu.  n 

> 
ii:»v 

Querpo  (Shrill),  in  Garth's  bi* 
pensary,  i-  meant  for  I>r.  Howe. 

I  rill  Qnrrpo  did  agree, 
A  lea  '  Ui«  faculty. 


QUESTING  BEAST. 


808 


QUIDNUNKIS. 


His  sire's  pretended  pious  steps  he  treads, 
And  where  the  doctor  tails,  the  saint  succeeds. 
DUpemary,  iv.  (16U9). 

Questing  Beast  {The),  a  monster 
called  Glatisaunt,  that  made  a  noise 
called  questing,  "like  thirty  couple  of 
hounds  giving  quest"  or  cry.  King 
Pellinore  (3  syl.)  followed  the  beast  for 
twelve  months  (pt.  i.  17),  and  after  his 
death  sir  Palomides  gave  it  chase. 

The  questing  beast  had  in  shape  and  head  like  a  ser- 
pent's head,  and  a  body  like  a  libard.  buttocks  like  a 
lion,  ai  d  footed  like  a  hart ;  and  in  his  body  there  was 
such  a  uoise  as  it  had  been  the  noise  of  thirty  couple  of 
hounds  questing,  and  suc-h  a  m>ise  that  beast  made  where- 
soever he  went;  and  this  be:ist  evermore  sir  Palomides 
followed.— Sir  T.  Malory,  UUtory  oj  Prince  Artlmr,  L 
17 ;  ii.  53  (1470). 

Queubus  (Tlie  Equinoctial  of),  a  line 
in  the  "unknown  sea,"  passed  by  the 
Vapians  on  the  Greek  kalends  of  the 
Olympiad  era  B.C.  777,  according  to 
the  authority  of  Quinapalus. — Shake- 
speare, Twelfth  Nii/lit,  act  ii.  sc.  3  (1G14). 

Quiara  and  Mon'nema,  man  and 
wile,  the  only  persons  who  escaped  the 
ravages  of  the  small-pox  plague  which 
carried  off  all  the  rest  of  the  Guara'ni 
race,  in  Paraguay.  They  left  the  fatal 
spot,  settled  in  the  Mondai  woods,  had 
one  son  Yeriiti  and  one  daughter  Mm  mi  a  ; 
but  Quiara  was  killed  by  a  jaguar  before 
the  latter  was  born. — Southey,  A  Tale  of 
Paraguay  (1814).    (See  Mos.nbma  and 

MoOMA.) 

Quick  (Abel),  clerk  to  Surplus  the 
lawyer. — J.  M.  Morton,  A  Regular  Fix. 

Quick  (John),  called  "  The  Retired  Dio- 
cletian of  Islington"  (1748-1831). 

Little  Quick,  the  retired  Diocletian  of  Islington,  with 
his  squeak  liku  a  liart'kmew  fiddle. — Charles  Mathews. 

Quickly  (Mistress),  servant-of-all- 
work  to  Dr.  Caius  a  French  physician. 
She  says,  "  I  wash,  wring,  brew,  bake, 
scour,  dress  meat  and  drink,  make  the 
beds,  and  do  all  myself."  She  is  the  go- 
between  of  three  suitors  for  "sweet 
Anne  Page,"  and  with  perfect  disinte- 
restedness wishes  all  three  to  succeed,  and 
does  her  best  to  forward  the  suit  of  all 
three,  "but  speciously  of  Master  Fenton." 
— Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor 
(1601). 

Quickly  (Mistress  Nell),  hostess  of  a 
tavern  in  East-cheap,  frequented  by 
Harry  prince  of  Wales,  sir  John  Falstaff, 
and  all  their  disreputable  crew.  In 
Henry  V.  Mistress  Quickly  is  represented 
*9  having  married  Pistol  the  "  lieutenant 
of  captain  sir  John's  army."  All  three  die 
before  the  end  of  the  play.  Her  descrip- 
tion of  sir  John  Falstaff's  death  (Henry 


V.  act  ii.  sc.  3)  is  very  graphic  and  true 
to  nature.  In  2  Henry  IV.  Mistress 
Quickly  arrests  sir  John  for  debt,  but 
immediately  she  hears  of  his  commission 
is  quite  willing  to  dismiss  the  bailiffs, 
and  trust  "the  honey  sweet"  old  knight 
again  to  any  amount. — Shakespeare,  1 
and  2  Henry  IV.  and  Henry  V. 

Quid  (Mr.),  the  tobacconist,  a  relative 
of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Quid  Rides,  the  motto  of  Jacob 
Brandon,  tobacco-broker,  who  lived  at 
the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It 
was  suggested  by  Harry  Calendon  of 
Lloyd's  coffee-house. 

***  Quid  Rides  (Latin)  means  "Why 
do  you  laugh?"  Quid  rides,  i.e.  "the 
tobacconist  rides." 

Quidnunc  (Abraham),  of  St.  Martin's- 
in-the- Fields,  an  upholsterer  by  trade, 
but  bankrupt.  His  head  "  runs  only  on 
schemes  for  paying  off  the  National  Debt, 
the  balance  of  power,  the  affairs  of 
Europe,  and  the  political  news  of  the 
day." 

%*  The  prototype  of  this  town  politi- 
cian was  the  father  of  Dr.  Arne  (see  The 
Tatler,  No.  155). 

Harriet  Quidnunc,  his  daughter,  rescued 
by  Belmour  from  the  (lames  cf  a  burning 
house,  and  adored  by  him. 

John  Quidnunc,  under  the  assumed 
name  of  Kovewell,  having  married  a  rich 
planter's  widow,  returns  to  England,  pays 
his  father's  debts,  and  gives  his  sister  to 
Mr.  Belmour  for  wife. — Murphy,  The 
Upholsterer  (1758). 

Quidnuncs,  a  name  given  to  the 
ancient  members  of  certain  political  clubs, 
who  were  constantly  inquiring,  "  Quid- 
nunc ?    What  news '?  " 

This  the  Great  Mother  dearer  held  than  all 
The  clubs  of  Quidnuncs,  or  her  own  Guildhall. 

Pope,  The  Dunciad.  L  268  (172X) 

Quidnunkis,  a  monkey  which 
climbed  higher  than  its  neighbours,  and 
fell  into  a  river.  For  a  few  moments  the 
monkey  race  stood  panic-struck,  but  the 
stream  flowed  on,  and  in  a  minute  or 
two  the  monkeys  continued  their  gambols 
as  if  nothing  had  happened. — Gay,  Tlie 
Quidnunkis  (a  fable,  17"_'il). 

***  The  object  of  this  fable  is  to  show 
that  no  one  is  of  sufficient  importance  to 
stop  the  general  current  of  events  or 
cause  a  gap  in  nature.  Even  kings  and 
kaisers  die,  having  climbed,  like  Quid- 
nunkis, somewhat  higher  than  their  kin, 


QUILDRIVE. 


809 


QUIXOTE. 


but  when  they  fall  into  the  stream,  Flat- 
tery scrawls  Ilic  jacet  on  a  stone,  but  no 
one  misses  them. 

Quildrive  (2 ayl.), clerk  to  old  Phil- 
pot  "the  citizen." — Murphy,  The  Citizen 
(1761). 

Quilp  (Daniel),  a  hideous  dwarf, 
conning,  malicious,  and  a  perfect  master 
in  tormenting.  Of  hard,  forbidding  fea- 
tures, with  head  and  face  large  enough 
for  a  giant.  His  black  eyes  were  rest- 
less, sly,  and  cunning ;  his  mouth  and 
chin  bristly  with  a  coarse,  hard  beard  ; 
his  face  never  clean,  but  always  distorted 
with  a  ghastly  grin,  which  showed  the 
few  discoloured  fangs  that  supplied 
the  place  of  teeth.  Ilis  dress  consisted 
of  a  large  high-crowned  hat,  a  worn-out 
dark  suit,  a  pair  of  most  capacious  shoes, 
and  a  huge  crumpled  dirty  white  neck- 
cloth. Such  hair  as  he  had  was  a  grizzled 
'Jack,  cut  short  but  hanging  about  his 
ears  in  fringes.  Ilis  hands  were  coarse 
and  dirty  ;  his  finger-nails  crooked,  long, 
and  yellow.  He  lived  on  Tower  Hill, 
collected  rents,  advanced  money  to  sea- 
men, and  kept  a  sort  of  wharf,  containing 
rusty  anchors,  huge  iron  rings,  piles  of 
rotten  wood,  and  sheets  of  old  copper, 
calling  himself  a  ship-breaker.  lie  was 
on  the  point  of  being  arrested  for  felony, 
when  he  drowned  himself. 

He  ate  hard  eggs,  shell  and  all.  for  lis  breakfast,  do- 
Toured  gigantic  prawns  with  their  heads,  ami  tails  on, 
chewed  tobacco  and  water-creases  at  tbe  tame  time,  drank 
■ealdlng  lint  tea  without  winking,  bit  his  t. n  k  an. I  spoon 
till  the;  bent  again,  and  performed  so  many  horrifying 
acts,  that  one  lui^ht  doubt  if  he  were  indeed  buinaji. — 
Ch.  v. 

Mrs.  Quilp  (Bets;/),  wife  of  the  dwarf, 
a  loving,  young,  timid,  obedient,  and 
pretty  blue-eyed  little  woman,  treated 
like  a  dog  by  her  diabolical  husband, 
whom  she  really  loved  but  more  greatly 
feared.— C.  Dickens,  The  Old  Curiosity 
Shop  (1840). 

Quinap'alus,  the  Mrs.  Harris  of 
"authorities  in  citations."  If  anyone 
quotes  from  an  hypothetical  author,  he 
gives  Quinapalua  as  his  authority. 

What  says  QnJnapalDJ :  "Better  a  witty    fool   than  a 

foolish  wit*— ShaJteepeore,  rureotn  /right,  act  I.  ic.B(itiu). 

Quinbus  Flestrin  ("/Ac-  man- 
trountam").  So  the  Lilliputians  called 
Gulliver     (ch.     iL). — Swift,     Gulliver** 

Travels  ("Voyage  to  Lilliput,"  1726). 

Quince  [Peter),  a  carpenter,  who 
undertakes  the  management  of  the  play 
called  "  Pyramus  and  ThisbS,"  in  Mid- 
Bummer  Ntghfs  Dream,  lie  speaks  of 
"laughable  tragedy,"  "lamentable 
comedy,"  "tragical  mirth,"  and  so  on. — 


Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Xijht'3  Dream 
(1592). 

Quino'nes  (frwrode),  in  the  rpL-n  of 
Juan  II.  He,  with  nine  other  cavaliers, 
held  the  bridge  of  Orbigo  against  all 
comers  for  thirty-six  days,  and  in  that 
time  they  overthrew  seventy-eight 
knights  of  Spain  and  France. 

Quintano'na,  the  duenna  of  queen 
Guinever  or  Ginebra. — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  II.  ii.  G  (1C15). 

Quintessence  (Queen),  sovereiu'n  <>f 
Ente'le'chie,  the  country  of  speculative 
science  visited  by  Pantae/ruel  and  his 
companions  in  their  Bearch  for  "the 
oracle  of  the  Holy  liottle."— Rabelais, 
1'antaijruel,  v.  19  (1545). 

Quintessence  of  Heaven.  Be- 
sides the  four  elements  of  earth,  Aristotle 
imagined  a  fifth  element,  out  of  which 
the  stars  and  other  ethereal  bodies  were 
formed.  The  motion  of  this  "quint- 
essence," he  said,  was  orbicular. 

. .  .  this  ethereal  "  quintessence  of  licaTen  " 
Slew  upward,  -pirited  with  various  tonus. 
That  rolled  orbicular,  and  turned  to  stan 
Nun. 

Milton,  Paradi$»  Lot,  ill.  718,  etc.  (166M. 

Quin'tiquinies'tra(Qu<?en),  a  much- 
dreaded,  fighting  giantess.  It  was  one  of 
the  romances  in  don  Quixote's  library 
condemned  by  the  priest  and  barber  of 
the  village  to  be  burnt. — Cervantes,  Dun 
Quixote,  I.  (1GU5). 

Quintus  Fixlein  [Fix. line],  the 
title  and  chief  character  of  a  romance  by 
Jean  Paul  Friedrich  llichter  (17!>G). 

Franria.  like  Quintus  Fixlein.  hail  perennial  fireproof 
Joys,  namely,  employments. — Carlyle. 

Quiri'nus,  Mars. 

Now.  by  our  sire  QiilrintB, 

It  wai  ■  goodlj 
To  tee  the  thlrtj  standards: 

Bwept  down  the  tide  oi  ilicht. 

lord  Ma.. u,l  ic("BatUeol 

the  LaWo  Begulua."  txaU  18U> 
Quitam    (J/'".),    the    lawyer    at    the 

Black   Beat  inn  at  Darlington. — Sir  \Y. 

Scott,  A'x'>  Boy  (time,  George  I.). 

*„,*  The  lirst  two  words  in  an  action 

on  a   penal   statute  are  Qui  tarn.     Thus, 

Qui  t<tm  pro  dumma    rejitia,   quiim  }>ra 

seipso,  sequitut. 
Quixa'da  [Gutierre),  lord  of  Villa- 

garcia.      Don    Quixote  calls  himself   a 

descendant    of    this    brave    knight. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote,  I.  (1GU5). 

Quix'ote  (Dun),  a  gaunt  country 
gentleman  of  La  Mancha,  about  50  years 

of  age.  gentle  and  dignified,  learned  mid 

high-minded ;    with    strong    imagination 


QUIXOTE. 


810 


RABELAIS. 


perverted  by  romance  and  crazed  with 
ideas  of  chivalry.  lie  is  the  hero  of  a 
Spanish  romance  by  Cervantes.  Don 
Quixote  feels  himself  called  on  to  become 
a  knight-errant,  to  defend  the  oppressed 
and  succour  the  injured.  He  engages  for 
his  'squire  Sancho  Panza,  a  middle-aged, 
ignorant  rustic,  selfish  but  full  of  good 
sense,  a  gourmand  but  attached  to  his 
master,  shrewd  but  credulous.  The 
knight  goes  forth  on  his  adventures, 
thinks  •joind-mills  to  be  giants,  flocks  of 
sheep  to  be  armies,  inns  to  be  castles,  and 
galley-slaves  oppressed  gentlemen ;  but 
the  'squire  sees  them  in  their  true  light. 
Ultimately,  the  knight  is  restored  to  his 
right  mind,  and  dies  like  a  peaceful 
Christian.  The  object  of  this  romance 
was  to  laugh  down  the  romances  of 
chivalry  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

(Quixote  means  "  armour  for  the 
thighs,"  but  Quixada  means  "  lantern 
jaws."  Don  Quixote's  favourite  author 
was  Feliciano  de  Sylva  ;  his  model 
knight  was  Am'adis  de  Gaul.  The 
romance  is  in  two  parts,  of  four  books 
each.  Pt.  I.  was  published  in  1G05,  and 
pt.  II.  in  1615.) 

The  prototype  of  the  knight  was  the 
duke  of  Lerma. 

Don  Quixote  is  a  tall,  meagre,  lantern-jawed,  hawk- 
nosed,  tong-limbedi  grizzle-haired  man.  with  a  pair  of 
large  black  whiskers,  and  he  styles  himself  "The  Knight 
of  the  Woeful  Countenance." — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 
II.  i.  14(lul5). 

Don  Quixote's  Horse,  Rosinante  (4  syl.), 
all  skin  and  bone. 

Quixote  { 1'he  Female)  or  Adventures  of 
Arabella,  a  novel  by  Mrs.  Lennox  (1752). 

Quixote  of  the  North  {The), 
Charles  XII.  of  Sweden ;  sometimes 
called  "The  Madman"  (1682,  1697- 
1718). 

Quodling  {The  Eev.  Mr.),  chaplain  to 
the  duke  of  Buckingham. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
l'cwril  of  the  Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

"Why,"  said  the  duke,  "  I  had  caused  my  little  Quod- 
ling to  go  through  his  oration  thus :  '  W'hatcver  evil 
reports  had  passed  current  during  the  lifetime  of  the 
worth;  matron  whom  they  had  restored  to  du-t  that  day, 
even  Malice  herself  could  not  deny  that  she  was  born 
Well,  married  well,  lived  well,  and  died  well  ;  since  she 
was  born  at  ShadweU,  married  lo  C'risfuvll.  lived  in 
Camberwe/l,  and  died  in  LtriUcweU.' " — 1'cvcril  of  the 
/•cat,  xliv.  (182S). 

(Some  give  Clerkenwell  instead  of 
"Camberwell.") 

Quos  Ego — ,  a  threat  intended  but 
withheld;  a  sentence  broken  off.  Eolua, 
angry  with  the  winds  and  storms  which 
had  thrown  the  sea  into  commotion  with- 
out his  sanction,  was  going  to  say  he 
would  punish  them  severely  for  this  act 


of  insubordination  ;   but  having  uttered 

the  first  two  words,  "  Whom  I ,"  he 

says  no  more,  but  proceeds  to  the  busi- 
ness in  hand. — Virgil,  JEneid,  i. 

"Next  Monday."  said  he,  "you  will  be  a  'substance, 

and  then ; "  with  which  quos  ego  he  went  to  the  next 

boy.— Dasent,  Hal/  a  Hfe  (185U). 

Quo'tem  {Caleb),  a  parish  clerk  or 
Jack-of-all-rrades.  —  G.  Colman,  The 
Review  or  The  Wags  of  Windsor  (1798). 

I  resolved,  like  Caleb  Quotem,  to  have  a  place  at  the 
reriew.— Washington  Irving. 


R  Neither  Demosthenes  nor  Aristotla 
could  pronounce  the  letter  r. 

R  {rogue),  vagabonds,  etc.,  who  were 
branded  on  the  left  shoulder  with  this 
letter. 

They  .  .  .  may  be  burned  with  a  hot  burning  iron  of 
the  breadth  of  a  shilling,  with  a  great  Roman  R  on  the 
left  shoulder,  which  letter  shall  remain  as  the  mark  of  a 
rogue. — Prynne,  llittrio-mastix  or  The  Players'  Scourge. 

If  I  escape  the  halter  with  the  letter  R 
Printed  upon  it. 
Massinger,  A  yea  Way  to  Pay  Old,  DebU.  iv.  2  (1829). 

Rab'agas,  an  advocate  and  editor  of 
a  journal  called  the  Carmagnole.  At  the 
same  office  was  published  another  radical 
paper,  called  the  Crapaud  Volant.  Rab- 
agas  lived  in  the  kingdom  of  Monaco, 
and  was  a  demagogue  leader  of  the 
deepest  red  ;  but  was  won  over  to  the 
king's  party  by  the  tact  of  an  American 
lady,  who  got  him  an  invitation  to  dine 
at  the  palace,  and  made  him  chief  minis- 
ter of  state.  From  this  moment  he  be- 
came the  most  strenuous  opponent  of  th« 
"  liberal  "  party. — M.  Sardou,  Rabaga* 
(1872). 

Rabbi  Abron  of  Trent,  a  fic- 
titious sage  and  most  wonderful  linguist. 
"  He  knew  the  nature  of  all  manner  of 
herbs,  beasts,  and  minerals." — Reynard 
the  Fox,  xii.  (1498). 

Rabbits.  Those  rebbits  have  more 
nature  in  them  than  you  commonly  find  in 
rabbds ;  i.e.  my  production  is  better 
than  the  production  of  other  men.  This 
was  said  by  a  conceited  artist. — J.  Foster, 
Life  of  Dickens,  ii.  367. 

Rabelais  {The  English).  Dean  Swift 
was  so  called  by  Voltaire  (1667—1745). 

Sterne  (1713-1768)  and  Thomas  Auiory 
(1699-1788)  have  also  been  so  called. 


liABELAIS. 


811 


RADSGONDE. 


Rabelais  (The  Modern),  William  Ma- 
ginn  (1794-1842). 

Rabelais  of  Germany,  J.  Fischart, 
called  "Mentzer"  (1660-1614). 

Rabelais's  Poison.  Pabelais,  being 
mt  a  great  distance  from  Paris,  and  with- 
out money  to  pay  his  hotel  bill  or  his 
fare,  made  up  three  small  packets  of 
brick-dust.  One  he  labelled  "  Poison 
for  the  king,"  another  "  Poison  for  mon- 
sieur," and  the  third  "  Poison  for  the 
dauphin."  The  landlord  instantly  in- 
formed against  this  "poisoner,"  and  the 
secretary  of  state  removed  him  at  ouce  to 
Paris.  When,  however,  the  joke  was 
found  out,  it  ended  only  in  a  laugh. — 
Spectator  ("Art  of  Growing  Rich"). 

Rab'ican  or  Rabiea'no,  the  horse 
of  Astolpho.  Its  sire  was  Wind  and  its 
da:n  Pile.  It  fed  on  human  food.  The 
word  means  "  short  tail." — Ariosto,  Or- 
lando Furioso  (1516). 

%*  Argalia's  horse  is  called  by  the 
same  name  in  Orlando  Innamorato  (1495). 

Rabisson,  a  vagabond  tinker  and 
knife-grinder.  He  was  the  only  person 
who  knew  about  "  the  gold-mine  "  left  to 
the  "  miller  of  Grenoble."  Rabisson  was 
murdered  for  his  secret  by  Eusebe  Noel 
the  schoolmaster  of  Bout  des  Monde. — E. 
Stirling,  The  Gold-Altne  or  MUler  of 
(irenoble  (1854). 

Rab'sheka  (in  the  Bible  Rab- 
shakkii),  in  the  satire  of  Absalom  and 
Aohitopnel,  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is  meant 
for  sir  Thomas  Player  ("J  Kings  xviii.). 

Next  him  let  ratline  Babaheka  hart  place- 
Bo  full  of  zeal,  he  lias  no  ueed  of  grace. 

Pt  ii.  (16S2). 

Raby  (Aurora),  a  rich  young  English 
orphan,  catholic  in  religion,  of  virgin 
modesty,  "a  rose  with  all  its  sweetest 
leaves  yet  folded."  She  was  staying  in 
the  house  of  lord  and  lady  Amnndeville 
during  the  parliamentary  vacation.  Here 
don  Juan,  "as  Russian  envoy,' was  also 
a  guest,  with  several  others.  Aurora 
Raby  is  introduced  in  canto  xv.,  and 
crops  up  here  and  there  in  the  two  re- 
maining cantos  ;  but,  as  the  tale  was 
never  finished,  it  is  not  possible  to  divine 
what  part  the  beautiful  and  innocent,  Lrirl 
was  designed  by  the  poet  to  play.  Pro- 
bably don  Juan,  having  sown  his  "wild 
oats,"  might  become  a  not  unfit  match 
for  the  beautiful  orphan.— Byron,  Don 
Juan  (1824). 

Raby  (The  Rose  of),  the  mother  of 
Richard  III.     She  was  Cecily,  daughter 


of   Ralph  Ncvyll  de  Baby   Brat  earl    of 
v.  Ireland.   Ber  husband  was  Richaid 

duke  of  York,  who  at  the  batt  •; 

of  Wakefield  in  14G0.     She  died  1 105. 

Raehael,  a  servant-Lrirl  at  lady 
Peveril's  of  the  Peak. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

.  tel  (2  si/l.),  one  of  the  "hands' 
in  Bounderby's  mill  at  Coketown. 
loved  Stephen  Blackpool, and 
beloved  by  him  in  return  ;  but  Stephen 
was  married  to  a  worthless  drunkard. 
After  the  death  of  Stephen,  Raehael 
watched  overthe  good-for-nothing  young 
widow,  and  befriended  her. — C.  Dickens, 
Heard  Times  (1854). 

Racine  of  Italy  (The),  Metastasio 
(1698  L782). 

Racine  of  Music  (The),  Antonio 
Gaspare  Sacchini  of  Naples  (1735-  I 

Racket  (Sir  Charles),  a  young  man 
of  fashion,  who  has  married  the  daughter 
of  a  wealthy  London  merchant.  In  the 
third  week  of  the  honeymoon,  sir  Charles 
paid  his  father-in-law  a  visit,  and  quar- 
relled with  his  bride  about  a  game  of 
whist.  The  lady  affirmed  that  sir  Charles 
ought  to  have  played  a  diamond  instead 
of  a  dub.  Sir  Charles  grew  furious,  and 
resolved  upon  a  divorce  ;  but  the  quarrel 
was  adjusted,  and  sir  Charles  ends  by 
Baying,  "  You  may  be  as  wrong  as  you 
please,  but  I'll  be  cursed  if  I  ever  endea- 
vour to  set  you  right  again." 

Lady  Racket,  wife  of  sir  Charles,  ami 
elder  daughter  of  Mr.  1  >rugget. — Murphy, 
Three  Weeks  after  Marriage  (1776). 

Racket  (Widow),  a  sprightly,  good- 
natured  widow  and  woman  of  fashion. 

A  coquette,  a  wit.  ami  a  fine  lady.— Mn.  Cowley,  Th* 
Bciiet  atratagtm,  ii.  l  iirso). 

Tho  "Widow  Racket"  was  one  of  Mrj.  Pope'i  b««t 
parts.    Her  usual  manner  of  eaui earing  piqnai 

ted  hi  toadng  bar  bead  from  right  i"  !•  ;.  and 
•trlklng  the  palm  of  one  lianj  with  Uio  biurk  of  the  other 
PJ40-1797]     JamiM  Bmlih. 

Rackrent  (Sir  Candy),  in  Miss  Edge- 
worth's  novel  of  '  ■  al  1 1802). 

Raddle  (Mrs.),  keeper  of  the  lodgings 
occupied  by  Ii"!'  Sawyer.  The  young 
medical  practitioner  invited  Mr.  Pickwick 
and  his  three  friends  to  a  convivial  meet- 
ing ;  but  the  termagant  Mrs.  Raddle 
•  the  meeting  to  an  untimely  end. 
— C.     Dickens,     T/tc     Fickwiok 

Rad'egonde  (St.)  or  St.  Radbguwd, 
queen  of  France  (bom  619,  died  687).  She 
\sas    the    daughter   of    Bert&ire    king   of 


RADIGUND. 


812 


KALI'U. 


Thuringia,  and  brought  up  a  pagan. 
King  Clotaire  I.  taught  her  the  Christian 
religion,  and  married  her  in  538  ;  but  six 
years  later  she  entered  a  nunnery,  and 
lived  in  the  greatest  austerity. 

There  thou  must  walk  in  greatest  gravity, 
Ami  seem  as  saintlike  as  St.  Kariegund. 

Spenser,  Mother  Uubberdt  Tale  (1591). 

Radigund  or  Raokgone,  the  proud 
queen  of  the  Amazons.  Being  rejected 
by  Bellodant  "the  Bold,"  she  revenged 
herself  by  degrading  all  the  men  who  fell 
into  her  power  by  dressing  them  like 
women,  giving  them  women's  work  to 
do,  such  as  spinning,  carding,  sowing, 
etc.,  and  feeding  them  on  bread  and 
water  to  effeminate  them  (canto  4). 
When  she  overthrew  sir  Artegal  in  single 
combat,  she  imposed  on  him  the  condition 
of  dressing  in  "woman's  weeds,"  with  a 
white  apron,  and  to  spend  his  time  in 
spinning  flax,  instead  of  in  deeds  of  arms. 
Radigund  fell  in  love  with  the  captive 
knight,  and  sent  Clarinda  as  a  go-between  ; 
but  Clarinda  tried  to  win  him  for  herself, 
and  told  the  queen  he  was  inexorable 
(canto  5).  At  length  Britomart  arrived, 
cut  off  Radigund's  head,  and  liberated 
the  captive  knight  (canto  7). — Spenser, 
Fairy  Qiwen,  v.  4-7  (15'JG). 

Rag  and  Famish  (The),  the  Army 
and  Navy  Club  ;  so  christened  by  Punch. 
The  rag  refers  to  the  flag,  and  the  famish 
to  the  bad  cuisine. 

Ragged  Regiment  (Tlie),  the  wan 
figures  in  Westminster  Abbey,  in  a  gal- 
lery over  Islip's  Chapel. 

Railway  King  (The),  George  Hud- 
son of  Yorkshire,  chairman  of  the  North 
Midland  Company.  In  one  day  he 
chared  by  speculation  £100,000.  It  was 
the  Kev.  Sydney  Smith  who  gave  Hud- 
son the  title  of  "  Kail'way  King  "  (1800- 
1871). 

Raine  (Old  Roger),  the  tapster,  near 
the  abode  of  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril. 

Dame  Raine,  old  Roger's  widow ;  after- 
wards Dame  Chamberlain. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
J'everil  of  the  Reak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Rainy-Day  Smith,  John  Thomas 
Smith,  the  antiquary  (1766-1833). 

Rajah  of  Mattan  (Borneo)  has  a 
diamond  which  weighs  367  carats.  The 
largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world.  It  is 
considered  to  be  a  palladium.  (See 
Diamonds.) 

Rake  (Lord),  a  nobleman  of  the  old 
school,    fond    of    debauch,    street    rows, 


knocking  down  Charlies,  and  seeing  his 
guests  drunk.  His  chief  boon  cmii- 
panions  are  sir  John  Brute  and  colonel 
Bullv. — Vanbrugh,  Tlie  Provoked  Wife 
(1697). 

Rakeland  (Lord),  a  libertine,  who 
makes  love  to  married  women,  but  takes 
care  to  keep  himself  free  from  the  bonds 
of  matrimony.  —  Mrs.  Inchbald,  2'ha 
Wedding  Day'(l700). 

Rak'she  (2  syl.),  a  monster,  which 
lived    on    serpents   and  dragons.      (See 

OlJKANABAD.) 

Raleigh  (Sir  Walter),  introduced  by 
sir  \V.  Scott  in  A'enilworth.  The  tradition 
of  sir  Walter  laying  down  his  cloak  on  a 
miry  spot  for  the  queen  to  step  on,  and 
the  queen  commanding  him  to  wear  the 
"muddy  cloak  till  her  pleasure  should 
be  further  known,"  is  mentioned  in  ch. 
xv.  (1821). 

The  following  is  a  parallel  instance  of 
instinctive  politeness  : — 

A  lady  on  her  way  to  flail  a  sick  man,  came  to  a  puddle. 
A  little  hoy,  who  saw  thedimrulty  she  was  in,  stepped  into 
the  ion. I,  and.  throwing  . >rt  his  wooden  afcoaa,  juiii)  •■■!  out 
{'..<■  plaah.  The  lad]  triad  out,  "Little  boy,  you  have  left 
your  ^oes  behind  you!"  "Yes,  ma'am,"  lie  replied; 
"  they  are  for  you  to  walk  on." — Tempi*  Bar,  exxxni. 
{"  Politeness,"  a  true  story). 

Raleigh  (Sir  Walter).  Jealous  of  the 
earl  of  Essex,  he  plots  with  lord  Burleigh 
to  compass  his  death. — Henry  Jones,  Tlie 
Earl  of  Essex  (1745). 

Ralph,  abbot  of  St.  Augustine's,  ex- 
pended £43,000  on  the  repast  given  at  his 
installation. 

It  was  no  unusual  thing  for  powerful 
barons  to  provide  30,000  dishes  at  a 
weddinc:  breakfast.  The  coronation  din- 
ner of  Edward  III.  cost  £40,000,  equal  to 
half  a  million  of  money  now.  The  duke 
of  Clarence  at  his  marriage  entertained 
1000  guests,  and  furnished  his  table  with 
36  courses.  Archbishop  Neville  had 
1000  egrettes  served  at  one  banquet,  and 
the  whole  species  seems  to  have  been 
extirpated. 

Alter  this  it  will  be  by  no  means  diffi- 
cult to  understand  why  Apicius  despaired 
of  being  able  to  make  two  ends  meet, 
when  he  had  reduced  his  enormous  for- 
tune to  £80,000,  and  therefore  hanged 
himself. 

%*  After  the  winter  of  1327  was  over, 
the  elder  Spencer  had  left  of  the  stores 
laid  in  by  him  the  preceding  November 
and  salted  down,  "  80  salted  beeves,  500 
bacons,  and  600  muttons." 

Ralph,  son  of  Fairfield  the  miller.     Ad 


RALPH.  813 


outlandish,  ignorant  booby,  jealous  of 
his  sister  Tatty,  because  she  "could  paint 
picturs  and  strum  on  the  harpsicols."  lie 
was  in  love  with  Fanny  the  gipsy,  for 
which  "feyther"  was  angry  with  him; 
but  "what  argufies  feytner's  anger?" 
However,  he  treated  Fanny  like  a  brute, 
and  she  said  of  him,  "  He  has  a  heart  as 
hard  as  a  parish  officer.  I  don't  doubt  but 
he  would  stand  by  and  see  me  whipped." 
When  his  sister  married  lord  Ainiworlh, 
Ralph  said  : 

Captain  Ralph  my  lord  will  dub  me, 

Si ii hi  I'll  mount  a  huge  cockade ; 
Moun  -i  vr  shall  powder,  queue,  und  club  ma,— 

'Gad  1  I'll  be  a  roaring  blade. 
If  Fan  should  offer  then  to  snub  me. 

When  in  scarlet  I'm  arrayed ; 
Or  my,  fey  ther 'temp  to  drui>  me— 

Let  him  frown,  but  who's  afraid? 

Blckerstaff,   The  Maid  of  the  If  ill  (1647). 

Balph  or  Kalpho,  the  'squire  of  Hudi- 
bras.  Fully  described  in  bk.  i.  457-011. 
— S.  Butler,  Hwlibras  (1663-78). 

The  prototype  of  "Ralph"  was  Isaac 
Robinson,  a  zealous  butcher  in  Moorfields. 
Ralph  represents  the  independent  party, 
and  Hudibras  the  presbyterian. 

%*  In  regard  to  the  pronunciation  of 
this  name,  which  in  1S78  was  the  subject 
of  a  long  controversy  in  Notes  and 
Queries,  Puttier  says : 

A  squire  he  had  whose  name  was  Ralph, 
That  in  tii  adventure  went  his  half;  .  .  • 
And  when  we  can,  with  metre  safe, 
We'll  cull  him  Balpho,  or  plain  lia'ph. 

Bk.  L  4.18. 

Balph  (Rough),  the  helper  of  Lance 
Outram  park-keeper  at  sir  Geoffrey 
Peveril's  of  the  Peak. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Ralph  (James),  an  American  who  came 
to  London  and  published  a  poem  entitled 
Night  (1725). 

Silence,  ye  wolves  I  while  Ralph  to  Cynthln  howla. 
Making  night  hideous  ;  answer  him,  ye  owls. 

Pope,  Th»  Dunciad,  lii.  U',j  (1728). 

Ralph  [de  Lascours],  captain  of  the 
Urania,  husband  of  Louise  tie  Lascours. 
Ralph  is  the  father  of  Diana  and  Martha 
alias  Orgari'ta,  His  crew  having  re- 
belled, Ralph,  his  wife,  infant  [Martha], 
and  servant  Bar'abas  were  put  into  a 
boat,  and  turned  adrift.  The  boat  ran 
on  a  huge  iceberg,  which  Balph  supposed 
to  be  a  small  island.  In  time,  the  iceberg 
broke,  when  Ralph  and  his  wife  were 
drowned,  but  Martha  and  Barahas 
escaped.  Martha  was  taken  by  an 
Indian  tribe,  who  brought  her  up,  and 
named  her  Orgarita  ("withered  corn"), 
because  her  skin  was  so  white  and  fair. — 
E.  Stirling,  Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea 
(1863). 


RAMIRO. 

Ralph  Roister  Doister,  by 
Nicholas  Udall,  the  first  English  comedy, 
about  1534.  It  contains  nine  male  and 
four  female  characters.  Ralph  is  a  vain, 
thoughtless,  blustering  fellow,  who  is  in 
pursuit  of  a  rich  widow  named  Custancc, 
but  he  is  baffled  in  his  intention. 

Ram  Alley,  in  Fleet  Street,  London. 
Now  called  Hare  Place.  It  was  part  of 
the  Sanctuary. 

Ramhle  (Sir  Robert),  a  man  of 
gallantry,  who  treats  his  wife  with  such 
supreme  indifference  that  she  returns  to 
her  guardian,  lord  Norland,  and  resumes 
her  maiden  name  of  Maria  Wooburn. 
Subsequently,  however,  she  returns  to 
her  husband. 

Mrs.  Ramble,  wife  of  sir  Robert,  and 
ward  of  lord  Norland. — Inchbald,  Every 
One  has  His  Fault  (1704). 

Ram'iel  (3  syl.),  one  of  the  "atheist 
crew"  o'erthrown  by  Ab'diel.  (The  word 
means,  according  to  II nine,  "  one  who 
exalts  himself  against  God.") — Milton, 
Far-adise  Lost,  vi.  371  (1605). 

Raminago'bris.  Lafontaine,  in  his 
fables,  gives  this  name  to  a  cat.  Rabe- 
lais, in  his  Pantag'ruel,  iii.  21,  satirizes 
under  the  same  name  Guillaume  Cretin, 
a  poet. 

Rami'rez,  a  Spanish  monk,  and 
father  confessor  to  don  Juan  duke  of 
Praganza.  He  promised  Velasquez, 
when  he  absolved  the  duke  at  bed-time, 
to  give  him  a  poisoned  wafer  prepared  by 
the  Carmelite  Castruccio.  This  he  was 
about  to  do,  when  he  was  interrupted, 
and  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion 
saved  the  duke  from  any  similar  attempt. 
— Robert  Jephson,  Braganza  (1775). 

Rami'ro  (-""v/)  married  Aldonza, 
who,  being  faithless,  eloped  with  Alboa'- 
zar  the  Moorish  king  of  Gaya.  Ra- 
miro  came  disguised  as  a  traveller  to 
Alboazar's  castle,  and  asked  a  damsel  for 
a  draught  of  water,  and  when  he  lifted 
the  pitcher  to  his  mouth,  he  dropped  in 
it  his  betrothal  ring,  which  Aldon/a  saw 
and  recognized.  She  told  the  damsel  to 
bring  the  stranger  to  her  apartment. 
Scarce  had  he  arrived  there  when  the 
Moorish  king  entered,  and  Kainiro  hid 
himself  in  analcove.  "  What  would  you 
do  to  Ramiro,"  asked  Aldonza,  "if  be 
were  in  your  power?"  "I  would  hew 
him  limb  from  limb,"  said  the  Moor. 
"  Then  lo  !  Alboazar,  he  is  now  skulking 
in  that  alcove."     With  this,  Ramiro  was 


RAMORNY. 


814 


RANGER. 


dragged  forth,  and  the  Moor  said, 
••  And  how  would  you  act  if  our  lots 
were  reversed?"  Ramiro  replied,  "I 
would  feast  you  well,  and  send  for  my 
chief  princes  and  counsellors,  and  set 
you  before  them,  and  bid  you  blow  your 
horn  till  you  died.  "Then  be  it  so," 
said  the  Moor.  But  when  Ramiro  blew 
his  horn,  his  "merry  men  "  rushed  into 
the  castle,  and  the  Moorish  king,  with 
Aldonza  and  all  their  children,  princes, 
and  counsellors,  were  put  to  the  sword. — 
Southey,  Ramiro  (a  ballad  from  the  Por- 
tuguese, 1804). 

Ramorny  (Sir  John),  a  voluptuary, 
master  of  the  horse  to  prince  Robert  of 
Scotland. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Ferth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Ramsay  (David),  the  old  watch- 
maker near  Temple  Bar. 

Maryaret  Ramsay,  David's  daughter. 
She  marries  lord  Nigel. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Niijel  (time,  James  I.). 

Ramsbottom  (Mrs.),  a  vile  speller 
of  the  language.  Theodore  Hook's  pseu- 
donym in  the  John  Bull  newspaper,  1829. 

***  Winifred  Jenkins,  the  maid  of 
Miss  Tabitha  Bramble  (in  Smollett's 
Humphrey  Clinker,  1770),  rivals  Mrs. 
Ramsbottom  in  bad  spelling. 

Randal,  the  boatman  at  Lochleven 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Randolph  (Lord),  a  Scotch  noble- 
man, whose  life  was  saved  by  young  Nor- 
val.  For  this  service  his  lordship  gave 
the  youth  a  commission ;  but  Glenalvon 
the  heir-presumptive  hated  the  new  fa- 
vourite, and  persuaded  lord  Randolph  that 
Norval  was  too  familiar  with  his  lady. 
Accordingly, Glenalvon  and  lord  Randolph 
waylaid  the  lad,  who  being  attacked 
slew  Glenalvon  in  self-defence,  but  was 
himself  slain  by  lord  Randolph.  When 
the  lad  was  killed,  lord  Randolph  learned 
that  "Norval"  was  the  son  of  lady 
Randolph  by  lord  Douglas  her  former 
husband.  He  was  greatly  vexed,  and 
went  to  the  war  then  raging  between 
Scotland  and  Denmark,  to  drown  his 
sorrow  by  activity  and  danger. 

Lady  Randolph,  daughter  of  sir  Mal- 
colm, was  privately  married  to  lord 
Douglas,  and  when  her  first  boy  was 
born  she  hid  him  in  a  basket,  because 
there  was  a  family  feud  between  Malcolm 
and  Douglas.  Soon  alter  this,  Douglas 
was  slain  in  battle,  and  the  widow 
married  lord  Randolph.     The  babe  was 


found  by  old  Norval  a  shepherd,  who 
brought  it  up  as  his  own  son.  When 
18  years  old,  the  lad  saved  the  life  of 
lord  Randolph,  and  was  given  a  commis- 
sion in  the  army.  Lady  Randolph, 
hearing  of  the  incident,  discovered  that 
young  Norval  was  her  own  son  Douglas. 
Glenalvon,  who  hated  the  new  favourite, 
persuaded  lord  Randolph  that  the  young 
man  was  too  familiar  with  lady  Ran- 
dolph, and  being  waylaid,  a  fight  ensued, 
in  which  Norval  slew  Glenalvon,  but  was 
himself  slain  by  lord  Randolph.  Lord 
Randolph,  being  informed  that  the  young 
man  was  lady  Randolph's  son,  went  to 
the  wars  to  "  drive  away  care  ;  "  and  lady 
Randolph,  in  her  distraction,  cast  herself 
headlong  from  a  steep  precipice.  —  J. 
Home,  Douylas  (1757). 

The  voice  of  Mrs.  Crawford  [1734-18011  when  thrown 
out  by  the  vehemence  of  strong  feeling,  seemed  to  wither 
up  the  bearar;  it  was  a  flaming  arrow,  a  lighting  of 
passion.  Such  was  the  effect  of  her  almost  shriek  to  old 
Norval,  "  Was  he  alive?"  It  was  like  an  electric  akblk. 
which  drove  the  blood  back  to  the  heart,  and  produced  a 
shudder  of  terror  through  the  crowded  theatre. — Ikiadeu, 
Life  of  Keinble. 

Random,  a  man  of  fortune  with  a 
scapegTace  son.  He  is  pale  and  puffy, 
with  gout  and  a  tearing  cough.  Random 
goes  to  France  to  recruit  his  health,  and 
on  his  return  to  England  gets  arrested 
for  debt  by  mistake  for  his  son.  He 
raves  and  rages,  threatens  and  vows  ven- 
geance, but  finds  his  son  on  the  point 
of  marrying  a  daughter  of  sir  David 
Dunder  of  Dunder  Hall,  and  forgets  his 
evils  in  contemplation  of  this  most 
desirable  alliance. — G.  Colman,  Ways 
and  Means  (1788). 

Random  (Roderick),  a  young  Scotch 
scapegrace  in  quest  of  fortune.  At  one 
time  he  revels  in  prosperity,  at  another 
he  is  in  utter  destitution.  Roderick  is 
led  into  different  countries  (whose  pecu- 
liarities are  described),  and  falls  into  the 
society  of  wits,  sharpers,  courtiers,  and 
harlots.  Occasionally  lavish,  he  is  essen- 
tially mean  ;  with  a  dash  of  humour,  he 
is  contemptibly  revengeful ;  and,  though 
generous-minded  when  the  whim  jumps 
with  his  wishes,  he  is  thoroughly  selfish. 
His  treatment  of  Strap  is  revolting  to 
a  generous  mind.  Strap  lends  him 
money  in  his  necessity,  but  the  heartless 
Roderick  wastes  the  loan,  treats  Strap 
as  a  mere  servant,  fleeces  him  at  dice, 
and  cuffs  him  when  the  game  is  adverse. 
— T.  Smollett,  Roderick  Random  (1748). 

Ranger,  the  madcap  cousm  of 
Clarinda,  and  the  leading  character  ip 
lloadlv's  Suspicious  Husband  (1747). 


RANTIPOLL. 


815 


RAT  WITHOUT  A  TAIL 


Ran'tipole  (3  syl.),  a  madcap.  One 
of  the  nicknames  given  to  Napoleon  111. 
(See  Napoleon  III.) 

Dick,  le  ^  little  rnntipollah. 

Column,  BeL  -at-lam,  I  2  (1797). 

Raoul  [7?a"7],  the  old  huntsman  of 
sir  Raymond  Berenger. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Raoul  di  Nane,is  (Sir),  the 
huguenot  in  love  with  Valentina  (daughter 
1  of  the  comte  de  St.  Bris,  governor  of  the 
Louvre).  Sir  Raoul  is  ottered  the  hand 
of  Valentina  in  marriage,  but  rejects  it 
because  he  fancies  she  is  betrothed  to  the 
comte  de  Nevers.  Ncvers  being  slain 
in  the  Bartholomew  Massacre,  Raoul 
marries  Valentina,  but  scarcely  is  the 
ceremony  over  when  both  are  shot  by 
the  musketeers  under  the  command  of 
St.  Bris.— Meyerbeer,  Les  liujucnots 
(opera,  1836). 

Raphael  (2  or  3  syl.),  called  by 
Milton,  "The  Sociable  Spirit," and  "The 
Affable  Archangel."  In  the  book  of  Tobit 
it  was  Raphael  who  travelled  with  Tobias 
into  Media  and  back  again  ;  and  it  is  the 
same  angel  that  holds  discourse  with 
Adam  through  two  books  of  Paradise 
Lost,  v.  and  vi.  (1665). 

Raphael^  the  guardian  angel  of  John 
the  Beloved. 

***  Longfellow  calls  Raphael  "  The 
Angel  of  the  Sun," and  says  that  he  brings 
to  man  "the  gift  of  faith." — Golden 
Legend  ("Miracle-Play,"  iii.,  1851). 

Raphael  (The  Flemish),  Frans  Floris. 
His  chief  works  are  "  St.  Luke  at  His 
Easel,"  and  the  "  Descent  of  the  Fallen 
Angels,"  both  in  Antwerp  Cathedral 
(1520-1570). 

Raphael  (  The  French),  Eustace  Lesueur 
(1617-1655). 

Raphael  of  Cats  (The),  Godefroi 
Mind,  a  Swiss  painter,  famous  for  his  cats 
(1768-1814). 

Raphael  of  Holland  (The),  Mar- 
tin van  Ilemskerck  (1498-1574). 

Raphael's  Enchanter,  La  Forna- 
rina,  a  baker's  daughter.  Her  likeness 
appears  in  several  of  his  paintings.    (See 

FoUNAUINA.) 

Rapier  (The)  was  introduced  by 
Rowland  York  in  1587. 

He  [A'oic  land   }'ork\  was  a   Londoner,  (unions  among 
the  cutters  in  1 1 is   time  (or  bringing   m  a  new  kind    of 

fiKhi — to  run  the  point  ol  a  r;i|  < to  a  mini  bodj .  .   . 

before  that    time   the   use   WM  with  little  bucklers,  and 
with  broud&worJ*  to  strike  anil  never  lhtu»i,  aud   it  was 


accounted  unmanly  to  ;ii  ike  under  the  girdle.— Carletfc.. 
Thantyul  Hemtmbrance  (10^). 

Rare  Ben.     Ben  Jonson,  the  1 
tist,  iras  bo  oalled   by  Robert  Jlerrick 
(1574-1 

Raredrench  (Master),  apothecary. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  I.). 

Rascal,  worthless,  lean.  A  rascal 
deet  is  a  lean,  poor  stag.  Brutus  calls 
money  "rascal  counters,"  i.e.  contemp- 
tible, ignoble. 

When  Marcus  Brutus  prows  so  covetous. 
To  lock  sucli  ra>  al  counters  from  his  friends, 
Be  ready,  gods,  with  all  jour  thunderbolt*; 
Dash  him  to  pieces  I 

Shakespeare,  Juliut  Ccetar.  act  ir.  sc  3  (1807V 

Rashleigh  Osbaldistone,  called 
*•  the  scholar,"  an  hypocritical  and 
accomplished  villain,  killed  by  Rob  Roy. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob  livj  (time,  George 
I.). 

%*  Surely  never  gentleman  was 
plagued  with  such  a  family  as  sir  llil- 
debrand  Osbaldistone  of  Osbaldistone 
Hall.  (1)  Percival,  "the  sot;"  (2) 
Thorncliff,  "the  bully  ;"  (8)  John,  "  tha 
gamekeeper ;  (4)  Richard,  u  the  horse- 
jockey;"  (5)  Wilfred,  "the  fool;" 
(6)  Rashleigh,  "  the  scholar  and  knave." 

Ras'selas,  prince  of  Abyssinia, 
fourth  son  of  the  emperor.  According  to 
the  custom  of  the  country,  he  was  con- 
fined in  a  private  paradise,  with  the  rest 
of  the  royal  family.  This  paradise  was 
in  the  valley  of  Amhara,  Burrounded  by 
high  mountains.  It  had  only  one  en- 
trance, which  was  by  a  cavern  under 
a  rock  concealed  by  woods,  and  closed  by 
iron  gates,  lie  escaped  with  bis  sister 
Nekayah  and  Imlac  the  poet,  and 
wandered  about  to  find  out  what  con- 
dition or  rank  of  life  was  the  most  happy. 
After  careful  investigation,  he  found  no 
lot  without  its  drawbacks,  and  resolved 

to   return    to    the   "happy   valley." — Dr. 
Johnson,  Raeaeku  (17 

The  mad  astronomer,  who  imagined  that  he  possesse* 

the  regulation  ot  the  weather  and  the  dlaMbutlon  of  the 

haractsr  in  romanoe;  and  the 

"happy   \allev."  m  Which  Itasaclas  resides,  is  sketched 

villi  i  i  etic  feeling.— Young. 

Rat.  One  of  the  richest  provinces  of 
Holland  was  once  mandated  by  a  hole 
made  in  the  dykes  by  a  single  water-rat. 

Rat  without  a  Tail.  Witches 
could  assume  any  animal  form,  but  the 
t<nl  was  ever  wanting.  Thus,  a  cat 
VI  ithout  a  tail,  a  rat  without  a  tail,  a  dog 
without,  a  tail,  were  witch  forms. — See 
Macbt  th,  tkct  i.  sc.  3. 


RATS. 


816 


RAVEXSTOXE. 


Rats  (Devoured by).  Archbishop  Hatto, 
count  Graaf,  bishop  Widerolf  of  Stras- 
burg,  bishop  Adolph  of  Cologne,  Frciherr 
von  Giittingen,  were  all  devoured  by  rats. 
(See  Hatto,  p.  429.) 

Ratcliffe  (James),  a  notorious  thief. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Ratcliffe  (Mr.  Hubert),  a  friend  of  sir 
Edward  Mauley  "the  Black  Dwarf." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Black  Dwarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Ratcliffe  (Mrs.),  the  widow  of  "don 
Carlos "  who  rescued  Sheva  at  Cadiz 
from  an  auto  da  fe. 

Charles  Ratcliffe,  clerk  of  sir  Stephen 
Bertram,  discharged  because  he  bad  a 
pretty  sister,  and  sir  Stephen  had  a 
young  son.  Charles  supported  his 
widowed  mother  and  his  sister  by  his 
earnings.  He  rescued  Sheva,  the  Jew, 
from  a  howling  London  mob,  and  was 
left  the  hoir  of  the  old  man's  property. 

Miss  [Eliza]  Ratcliffe,  sister  of  Charles, 
clandestinely  married  to  Charles  Bertram 
and  given  £10,000  by  the  Jew  to  reconcile 
sir  Stephen  Bertram  to  thi  alliance.  She 
was  handsome,  virtuous,  and  elegant, 
mild,  modest,  and  gentle. — Cumberland, 
The  Jew  (1776). 

Rath'mor,  chief  of  Clntha  (the 
Clyde),  and  father  of  Calthon  and  ColmaF. 
Dunthalmo  lord  of  Teutha  "  came  in  his 
pride  against  him,"  and  was  overcome, 
whereupon  his  anger  rose,  and  he  went 
by  night  with  his  warriors,  and  slew 
Rathmor  in  his  own  halls,  where  his 
feasts  had  so  often  been  spread  for 
strangers. — Ossian,  Calthon  and  Colmal. 

Rattlin  (Jack),  a  famous  naval  cha- 
racter in  Smollett's  Roderick  Random. 
Tom  Bowling  is  in  the  6anie  novel 
(1749). 

Rattray   (Sir  Runnion),  of   Runna- 

fullion  ;  the  duelling  friend  of  sir  Mango 
Ialagrowther. — Sir  W.   Scott,   fortunes 
of  fiiyel  (time,  James  I.). 

Raucocan'ti,  leader  of  a  troupe  of 
singers  going  to  act  in  Sicily.  The 
whole  were  captured  by  Lambro  the 
pirate,  and  sold  in  Turkey  as  slaves. 

Twould  not  become  myself  to  dwell  upon 

My  own  merits,  ana  too'  young,  1  Me,  sir.  you  [don  yuan] 

Have  gat  ft  travelled  nir,  which  shews  you  one 

To  whom  the  ojwrn  is  by  no  means  new. 

fou've  heard  of  Kaucocauti— I'm  that  man  .  .  , 

Vou  was  [ricj  not  last  year  at  the  fair  of  Lugo, 

But  next,  when  I'm  engaged  to  ling  there,— do  go. 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  It.  US  (1810). 


Raven,  emblem  of  Denmark,  and 
standard  of  the  Danes.  Xecromantic 
powers  are  ascribed  to  it.  Asser  says, 
in  his  Life  of  Alfred,  If  the  Danes 
were  destined  to  gain  a  victory,  "  a  live 
crow  would  appear  flying  on  the  middle 
of  the  unfurled  flag ;  but  if  they  were 
doomed  to  be  defeated,  the  flag  would 
hang  down  motionless  ; "  and  this,  he 
continues,  "was  often  proved  to  be  so." 

The  raven  banner  was  called  Landeyda 
("the  desolation  of  the  country"),  and  its 
device  was  woven  by  the  daughters  of 
Regner  Lodbrok. 

...  we  have  shattered  hack 
The  hugest  wave  from  Norseland  ever  yet 
Surged  on  us,  and  our  hnttlc-axes  broken 
The  EUvsn'a  wing,  and  dumued  the  carrion  croak 
From  the  gray  sea  for  ever. 

Tennyson,  Harold,  lr.  S  (1875). 

Raven  (Barnaby's),  Grip,  a  large  bird, 
of  most  impish  disposition.  Its  usual 
phrases  were :  "I'm  a  devil ! "  " Xever  say 
die!"  "-Polly,  put  the  kettle  on!"  He  also 
uttered  a  cluck  like  cork-drawing,  a 
barking  like  a  dog,  and  a  crowing  like  a 
cock.  Barnaby  Budge  used  to  carry  it 
about  in  a  basket  at  his  back.  The  bird 
drooped  while  it  was  in  jail  with  his 
master,  but  after  Barnaby's  reprieve, 

It  soon  recovered  its  good  looks,  and  became  as  glossy 
and  sleek  as  ever  .  .  .  but  for  a  whole  year  It  never 
indulged  in  any  other  sound  than  a  grave  and  decorous 
croak.  .  .  .  One  bright  summer  morning  .  .  .  the  bird 
advanced  with  fantastic  steps  to  the  door  of  the  May|»>le, 
and  then  cried,  "  I'm  a  devil !  "  three  or  four  times  with 
extraordinary  rapture,  .  .  .  and  from  that  time  constantly 
practised  and  improved  himself  in  the  vulgar  tongue. — 
C.  Dickens,  liarnuby  Hudye,  ii.  (1841). 

Ravens  of  Owain  (The).  Owain 
had  in  his  army  300  ravens,  who  were 
irresistible.  It  is  thought  that  these 
ravens  were  warriors  who  bore  this  device 
on  their  shields. 

A  man  who  caused  the  birds  to  fly  upon  the  boat, 
Like  the  ravens  of  Owain  eager  for  prey. 

Bleddynt  Vardd,  Myvyrian  Archaiology,  L  365. 

Ravens  once  White.  One  day, 
a  raven  told  Apollo  that  Coro'nis,  a 
Thessalian  nymph  whom  he  passionately 
loved,  was  faithless.  Apollo,  in  his  rage, 
shot  the  nymph,  but  hated  the  raven, 
and  "bade  him  prate  in  white  plumes 
never  more." — Ovid,  Metam.,  ii. 

Ravenspurn,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
II umber,  where  Henry  IV.  landed,  in 
1899,  to  depose  Richard  II.  It  no 
longer  exists,  having  been  wholly  en- 
gulfed by  the  sea,  but  no  record  exists 
of  the  date  of  this  engulfment. 

Ra'venstone  or  Ra'benstein,  the 
stone  gibbet  of  Germany.  So  called 
from  the  ravens  which  perch  on  it. 


KAVENSWOOD. 


817 


READY-TO-IIALT. 


Do  you  think 
I'll  honour  you  so  much  as  save  your  throat 
Frum  the  rarenstone,  by  choking  you  myaelft 

Byron,  tTertur,  ii.  2,1SJ2). 

Ravens-wood  (Allan  lord  of),  _  a 
decayed  Scotch  nobleman  of  the  royalist 
party. 

Master  Edgar  Ravenswood,  the  son  of 
Allan.  In  love  with  Lucy  Ashton, 
daughter  of  sir  'William  Ashton  lord- 
keeper  of  Scotland.  The  lovers  plight 
their  troth  at  the  "  Mermaid's  Fountain," 
but  Lucy  is  compelled  to  marry  Frank 
Hayston  laird  of  Bucklaw.  The  bride, 
in  a  fit  of  insanity,  attempts  to  murder 
the  bridegroom,  and  dies  in  convulsions. 
Bucklaw  recovers,  and  goes  abroad. 
Colonel  Ashton  appoints  a  hostile  meet- 
ing with  Edgar;  but  young  L'avenswood, 
on  his  way  to  the  place  appointed,  is  lost 
in  the  quicksands  of  Kelpies  Flow,  in 
accordance  with  an  ancient  prophecy. — 
Sir  \V.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammermoor  (time, 
William  III.). 

*if*  In  Donizetti's  opera  of  Lucia  di 
La i ni ner moor,  Bucklaw  dies  of  the  wound 
inflicted  by  the  bride,  and  Edgar,  heart- 
broken, comes  on  the  stage  and  kills 
himself. 

The  catastrophe  in  the  flrhle  of  Lammermoor,  where 
[Edyar]  Ravenswooil  is  swallowed  op  hy  a  quicVsand,  is 
singularly  grand  In  romance,  hut  would  he  Inadmissible 

in  a  drama. — Eiicyc.  Uric,  Art.  "Romance." 

Rawhead  and  Bloody-Bones, 
two  bogies  or  bugbears,  generally  coupled 
together.  In  some  cases  the  phrase  is 
employed  to  designate  one  and  the 
same  "  shadowy  sprite." 

Servants  awe  children  ...  by  telling  them  of  Raw- 
head  and  Bloody-bones. — Locke. 

Rayland  (Mrs.),  the  domineering 
ladv  of  the  Old  Manor-House,by  ( "harlotte 
Smith  (1749-1806). 

Mrs.  Rayland  is  a  sort  of  queen  Elizabeth  In  private 
life.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Raymond,  count  of  Toulouse,  the 
Nestor  of  the  crusaders.  He  slays 
Aladine  king  of  Jerusalem,  and  plants 
the  Christian  standard  on  the  tower  of 
David. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  xx. 
(151(5). 

%*  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
Count  Robert  of  Paris,  a  novel  of  the 
period  of  Kufus. 

Raymond  (Sir  Charles),  a  country 
gentleman,  the  friend  and  neighbour  of 
sir  Robert  Belmont. 

Colonel  Raymond,  son  of  sir  Charles, 
m  love  with  Eosetta  Belmont.  Being 
ditlident  and  modest,  Rosetta  delights  in 
tormenting  him,  and  he  is  jealous  even  of 


William  Faddlc  "a  fellow  made  up  of 
knavery,  noise,  and  impudence." 

Harriet     2  rlanghlrPT     of    sir 

Charles,   whose   mother  died   in   giving 

her  birth.  She  was  committed  to  the 
care  of  a  govemante,  who  changed  her 
name  to  Fidelia,  wrote  to  sir  Charles  to 
say  that  she  was  dead,  and  Bold  her  :it 
the  age  of  12  to  a  villain  named  Yillard. 
Charles  Belmont,  hearing  her  cries  of 
distress,  rescued  her  and  took  her  home. 
The  govemante  at  death  confessed  the 
truth,  and  Charles  Belmont  married  her. 
— Edward  Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Raz'eka,  the  giver  of  food,  one  of 

the  four  gods  of  the  Adites  (2  syl.). 

We  called  on  Razeka  f  rfood. 
Soulhcy,  THalaba  tin-  litUroycr.  L  24  (1797). 

Razor,  a  barber  who  could  "  th:"«k 
of  nothing  but  poor  old  England."  1  e 
was  the  friend  and  neighbour  of  Quid- 
nunc the  upholsterer,  who  was  equally 
crazy  about  the  political  state  of  the 
nation,  and  the  affairs  of  Europe  in 
general.  —  Murphy,  The  Upholsterer 
(1758). 

Razor  (To  cut  blocks  tcith  a).  Oliver 
Goldsmith  said  of  Edward  Burke,  the 
statesman : 

Too  deep  for  his  hearers,  he  went  on  refining. 

And  thought  of  convincing,  while  they  thought  of  dining; 

Tho'  equal  to  all  things,  to  all  things  unfit : 

Too  nice  for  a  statesman,  too  proud  for  a  wit ; 

For  a  patriot  ti»>  cool ;  for  a  drudge  disobedient; 

Ami  too  fond  of  the  right  to  pursue  the  expedient. 

In  short,  'twas  his  fate,  unemployed  ur  in  place,  sir, 

To  eat  mutton  oold,  and  cut  blocks  with 

(17741 

The  National  Razor.  The  guillotine 
was  so  called  in  the  first  French  Revo- 
lution! 

Read  (Sir  William),  a  tailor,  who  set 
up  for  oculist,  and  was  knighted  by 
queen  Anne.  This  quack  was  employed 
both  by  queen  Anne  and  George  1.  Sir 
William  could  Dot  read.  He  professed 
to  cure  wens,  wrv-necks,  and  hare-lipa 
(died  1715). 

None  shall  their  rise  to  merit  owe — 
That  popish  d.i.  trine  i-  ex  loded  quite, 
Or  Ralph  had  In  a  n  ii  odd  ■  i  no  knlrdit. 

A  Pa  ■  th»  Perio-i. 

*„*  The  "  Ralph"  referred  to  is  Ralph 
Montagu,  created  viscount  in  L682.  and 
duke  of  Montagu  in  1705  (died  170!)). 

Ready-to-Halt,  a  pilgrim  that 
journeyed  to  the  Celestial  City  on 
crutches.  lie  joined  Mr.  ( Ireathcart's 
party,  and  was  carried  to  heaven  in  a 
chariot  of  lire.- -Bun van,  Pilgrim? 8  Pro- 
gress, ii.  (1G84). 

8  o 


REASON. 


818 


RED  HAND  OF  ULSTER. 


Reason  (Tfte  Feast  of). 

There  St.  John  mingles  with  my  friendly  bowl. 
The  feast  of  reason  and  the  flow  of  soul 
Pope,  Satire,  i.  ("  Imitations  of  Horace"),  127-8  (1734). 

Reason  {The  goddess  of),  in  the  French 
Revolution,  some  say,  was  the  wife  of 
Momoro  the  printer  ;  but  Lamartine  saj's 
it  was  Mcllle.  Malliard,  an  actress. 

Chaumette,  assisted  by  Lnis,  an  actor  of  the  Opera,  had 
arranged  the/fte  of  December  20,  17!M.  Mdlle  Malliard. 
an  actress,  brilliant  with  youth  and  talent,  played  [he  part 
of  the  goddess.  She  was  borne  in  a  palanquin,  the  canopy 
of  which  was  formed  of  oak  branches.  Women  in  white, 
with  tri-coloured  sashes,  preceded  her.  Attired  with  thea- 
trical buskins,  a  Phrygian  cap.  and  a  blue  chlamys  over  a 
transparent  tunic,  she  was  taken  to  the  foot  of  the  altar, 
and  seated  there.  Behind  her  burnt  an  immense  torch, 
symbolizing  "the  flame  of  philosophy,"  the  true  light  of 
the  world.  Chaumette,  taking  a  censer  in  bis  hands,  fell 
on  his  knees  to  the  goddess,  and  offered  incense,  and  the 
whole  concluded  with  dancing  and  song. — M.  de  Lamar- 
tine. 

Rebecca,  leader  of  the  Rebcccai'tes, 
a  band  of  Welsh  rioters,  who  in  1843 
made  a  raid  upon  toll-gates.  The 
captain  and  his  guard  disguised  them- 
selves in  female  attire. 

***  This  name  arose  from  a  gross 
perversion  of  a  text  of  Scripture  :  "  And 
they  blessed  Rebekah,  and  said  unto 
her,  ...  let  thy  seed  possess  the  gate  of 
those  which  hate  them"  (Gen.  xxiv.  60). 

Rebecca,  daughter  of  Isaac  the  Jew ; 
meek,  modest,  and  high-minded.  She 
loves  Ivanhoe,  who  has  shown  great 
kindness  to  her  and  to  her  father ;  and 
when  Ivanhoe  marries  Rowena,  both 
Rebecca  and  her  father  leave  England 
for  a  foreign  land. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivan- 
hoe (time,  Richard  I.). 

Rebecca  (Mistress),  the  favourite  wait- 
ing-maid of  Mrs.  Margaret  Bertram  of 
Singleside. —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner- 
imj  (time,  George  II.). 

Record,  noted  for  his  superlatives, 
"most  presumptuous,"  "most audacious," 
"  most  impatient,"  as  : 

Oh,  you  will,  most  audacious.  .  .  Look  at  him,  most 
Inquisitive.  .  .  .  Under  lock  and  key,  most  noble.  .  .  . 
I  will,  most  dignified. — S.  Birch,  The  Adopted  Child. 

Recruiting  Officer  ( The),  a  comedy 
by  G.  Farquhar  (1705).  The  "recruiting 
officer"  is  sergeant  Kite,  his  superior 
officer  is  captain  Plume,  and  the  recruit 
is  Sylvia,  who  assumes  the  military  dress 
of  her  brother  and  the  name  of  Jack 
Wilful  alias  Pinch.  Her  father,  justice 
Balance,  allows  the  name  to  pass  the 
muster,  and  when  the  trick  is  discovered, 
to  prevent  scandal,  the  justice  gives  her 
in  marriage  to  the  captain. 

Red  Book  of  Hergest  (77w).  a 

collection  of  children's  tales  in  Welsh  ;  so 
veiled  front  the  name  of  the  place  where 


it  was  discovered.  Each  tale  is  called 
in  Welsh  a  Mabinogi,  and  the  entire  col- 
lection is  the  Habinogion  (from  nab,  "a. 
child ").  The  tales  relate  chiefly  to 
Arthur  and  the  early  British  kings.  A 
translation  in  three  vols.,  with  notes, 
was  published  by  lady  Charlotte  Guest 
(1838-49). 

Red-Cap  (Mother),  an  old  nurse  at 
the  Hungerford  Stairs. — Sir  W.  Sec  it. 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Red-Cap  (Mother).  Madame  Bufrlon 
was  so  called,  because  her  bonnet  was 
deeply  coloured  with  her  own  blood  in  a 
street  fight  at  the  outbreak  of  the  French 
Revolution. — W.  Melville. 

Red  Cross  Knight  (Tlw)  repre- 
sents St.  George  the  patron  saint  of  Eng- 
land. His  adventures,  which  occupy 
bk.  i.  of  Spenser's  Faery  Queen,  sym- 
bolize the  struggles  and  ultimate  victory 
of  holiness  over  sin  (or  protestantism  over 
popery).  Una  comes  on  a  white  ass  to 
the  court  of  Gloriana,  and  craves  that  one 
of  the  knights  would  undertake  to  slay 
the  dragon  which  kept  her  father  and 
mother  prisoners.  The  Red  Cross  Knight, 
arrayed  in  all  the  armour  of  God  (Eph. 
vi.  11-17),  undertakes  the  adventure,  and 
goes,  accompanied  for  a  time  with  Una; 
but,  deluded  by  Archimago,  he  quits  the 
lady,  and  the  two  meet  with  numerous 
adventures.  At  last,  the  knight,  having 
slain  the  dragon,  marries  Una  ;  and  thus 
holiness  is  allied  to  the  Oneness  of  Truth 
(1590). 

Red  Flag  (.A)  signified  war  in  the 
Roman  empire ;  and  when  displayed  on 
the  capitol  it  was  a  call  for  assembling 
the  military  for  active  service. 

Red  Hair.  Judas  was  represented  in 
ancient  paintings  with  red  hair  and  red 
beard. 

His  very  hair  19  of  the  dissembling  colour. 
Something  browner  than  Judas's. 
Shakespeare,  At  You  Like  It,  act  ir.  sc.  4  (160U>. 

Red  Hand  of  Ulster. 

Calvcrley  of  Calverley,  Yorkshire. 
Walter  Calverley,  Esq.,  in  1G05,  mur- 
dered two  of  his  children,  and  attempted 
to  murder  his  wife  and  a  child  "  at 
nurse."  This  became  the  subject  of  Tho 
Yorkshire  Tragedy.  In  consequence  of 
these  murders,  the  family  is  required  to 
wear  "the  bloody  hand." 

The  Holt  family,  of  Lancashire,  has  • 
similar  tradition  connected  with  their  coat 
armour. 


RED  HORSE. 


819 


RED  SWAN. 


Red  Horse  ( Vale  of  the),  in  War- 
wickshire ;  so  called  from  a  horse  cut  in 
a  hill  of  reddish  Boil,  "a  witness  of  that 
day  we  won  upon  the  Danes." 

White  hor?o  Is  .  .  .  exalted  to  the  skies ; 
But  Kcd  horse  of  Binned  only  lies. 

Drayton,  rolyvlbivn,  xiil.  (1G13). 

Red  Knight  ( The),  sir  Perinio'nOs, 
one  of  the  four  brothers  who  kept  the 
passages  Leading  to  Castle  Perilous.  In 
the  allegory  of  (lareth,  this  knight  repre- 
sents noon,  and  was  the  third  brother. 
Night,  the  eldest,  horn,  was  slain  by  sir 
Gareth;  the  Green  Knight,  which  repre- 
sents the  young  day-spring,  was  over- 
come, but  not  slain  ;  and  the  Red  Knight, 
being  overcome,  was  spared  also.  The 
reason  is  this :  darkness  is  slain,  but 
dawn  is  only  overcome  by  the  stronger 
light  of  noon,  and  noon  decays  into  the 
evening  twilight.  Tennyson,  in  his 
Gareth  and  Lynctte,  calls  sir  Periniones 
"Meridies"  or  "Noonday  Sun."  The 
Latin  name  is  not  consistent  witli  a 
British  tale. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of 
I'rince  Arthur,  i.  129  (M70)  ;  Tennvson, 
Idylls. 

Red  Knight  of  the  Red  Lands 
( The),  sir  Ironside,  "lie  had  the  strength 
of  seven  men,  and  every  day  his  strength 
went  on  increasing  till  noon."  This 
knight  kept  the  lady  Liones  captive  in 
Castle  Perilous.  In  the  allegory  of  sir 
Gareth,  sir  Ironside  represents  death,  and 
the  captive  lady  "the  Bride"  or  Church 
triumphant.  Sir  Gareth  combats  with 
Night,  Morn,  Noon,  and  Evening,  or 
fights  the  fight  of  faith,  and  then  over- 
comes the  last  enemy,  which  is  death, 
when  he  marries  the  lady  or  is  received 
into  the  Church  which  is  "  the  Lamb's 
Bride."  Tennyson,  in  his  Qareth  and 
Lunette)  makes  the  combat  witll  the  Red 
Knight  ("Mors"  or  "  Death")  to  !>e  a 
single  stroke  ;  but  the  History  says  that  it 
endured  from  morn  to  noon,  and  from 
noon  to  night — in  fact,  that  man's  whole 
life  is  a  contest  with  moral  and  physical 
death. — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  oj  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  184-187  (1470)  j  Tennyson, 
Idylls  ("Gareth  and  l.vnelte"). 

Red  Land  (The).  Westphalia  was 
so  called  by  the  members  of  the  Ychm- 
t;ericht. 

Orlgliutflr.  none  but  an  Inhabitant  of  the  Bed!  md  .. 
eoaJd  ba  admitted  ■  member  of  ii"1  Wlseende  [or  Moral 

tribunal^.—  ChamK'rs,  I  ;i.-.yi\.  iv.  SBL 

Red-Lattice    Phrases,    ale-house 

talk.        Red    lattices     or    chequers    were 
ordinary  ale  house  signs. — Shakespeare, 


Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  act  ii.  sc.  4 
(1596). 

The  ebeqoen  were  the  anrn  of  FltzwaiTcn,  the  head  of 
which  bonaa,  i'i  the  days  of  the  Hi  niya,  ».u  im 
the  power  of  II  anting  the  eatabl  I 

-  lux-used  notified  the  BUM  hy  display- 
ing the  PlUwaiien  amis. — Timet,  April  £y,  18GI). 

Red  Pipe.  The  Great  Spirit  long 
ago    called    the    India:.  r,    and, 

standing  on  the  red  pipe-stone  n  ik, 
broke  off  a  piece,  which  he  made  into  a 
pipe,  and  smoked,  letting  the  smoke 
exhale  to  the  four  quarters.  Be  then 
told  the  Indians  that  the  red  pipe 
was  their  flesh,  and  they  must  use  the 
red  pipe  when  they  made  peace;  and  that 
when  they  smoked  it  the  war-club  and 
Bcalping-knife  must  not  he  touched. 
Having  so  spoken,  the  Great  Spirit  was 
received  up  into  the  clouds. — Am 
Indian  Mythology. 

The  red  pipe  tins  blown  Its  fumes  of  peace  ami  war  to 
the  remotest  corners  <-f  the  continent 
warrior,  anil  pa-so<l  through  its  reddened  -Inn  the  Irre- 
ttfa  of  war  ami  desolation.     Hire,  too,  the  peace, 
breathing  calumet    was    horn,   and    fringe'l   »]■'  i 

quills,  which  has  shed  its  thrilling  fumes  over  tl 
and  soothed  the  fury  of  the  relentless  savage. — CaUin, 
Letter!  on  .  .  .  the  Jiorth  A  mericuiu,  IL  1GO. 

Red  Riding-Hood  (Little),  a  child 
with  a  red  cloak,  who  goes  to  carry  cakes 
to  her  grandmother.  A  wolf  placed  itself 
in  the  grandmother's  bed,  and  when  the 
child  remarked  upon  the  size  of  ii 
ears,  and  nose,  replied  it  was  the  better 
to  see,  hear,  and  smell  the  little  grand- 
child. "But,  grandmamma,"  s.iid  the 
child,  "what  a  great  month  you  have 
got!"  " The  better  to  eat  you  np,"  was 
the  reply,  and  the  child  was  devoured  by 
the  wolf. 

This  nursery  talc  is,  with  slight  varia- 
tions, common  to  Sweden,  Germany,  and 
France.     In  Charles  Perranlt'a 
Fees  (1697}  it  is  called  "Le  PetitChaperon 
Rouge." 

Red  Soa  (The).  So  called  by  the 
Greeks  and  Romans.     Perhaps  because  it 

was  the  sea  of   Edom("the  red   man"), 

perhaps  because  the  shore  Es  ■  red  sand. 

tierhapa  because  the  waters  are  n  dd 
iv  red  sea  weeds  or  a  red  bottom.     'I  he 
Hebrews    called    it    "The    Weedy    Sea" 

(  Van-.' 

The  Rede  Sea  I*  not  more  mle  than  any  other  sea.  hut 
In   ami    i  ie.  ami  (hi  re/ore 

nun  ili'i'iii  it  Oh'  l. oie  llll     lfanileilUa  J'rai.  i 

Red  Swan  (The).  Odjibwa,  haa-ring 
a  strange  noise,  saw  in  the  lake  a  most 
beautiful  red  swan.  Polling  his  bow,  he 
took  deliberate  aim,  without  effect.     11" 

shot  every  arrow  from  his  quiver  with  the 
same  result  :  then,  fetching  from  his 
lather's    medicine   suck    three    poisoned 


REDGAUNTLET. 


820 


REEVE'S  TALE. 


arrows,  he  shot  them  also  at  the  bird. 
The  last  of  the  three  arrows  passed  through 
the  swan's  neck,  whereupon  the  bird  rose 
into  the  air,  and  sailed  away  towards 
the  setting  sun. — Schoolcraft,  Algic  Re- 
searches, ii.  9  (1839). 

Redgauntlet,  a  story,  told  in  a 
series  of  letters,  about  a  conspiracy  formed 
by  sir  Edward  Hugh  Rcdgauntlet,  on 
behalf  of  the  "Young  Pretender"  Charles 
Edward,  then  above  40  years  of  a^c. 
The  conspirators  insist  that  the  prince 
should  dismiss  his  mistress,  Miss  Walk- 
ingshaw,  and,  as  he  refuses  to  comply 
with  this  demand,  they  abandon  their 
enterprise.  Just  as  a  brig  is  prepared  for 
the  prince's  departure  from  the  island, 
colonel  Campbell  arrives  with  the  military. 
He  connives,  however,  at  the  affair,  the 
conspirators  disperse,  the  prince  embarks, 
and  Rcdgauntlet  becomes  the  prior  of  a 
monastery  abroad.  This  is  one  of  the 
inferior  novels,  but  is  redeemed  by  the 
character  of  Peter  Peebles. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Rcdgauntlet  (1824). 

Redmmmtlet  embodies  a  great  deal  of  Scott's  own  jvor- 
■onal  bittorj  Mid  experience. — Chambers,  A'ny/isA  Lite- 
rature, ii.  5S9. 

Redtjcmmtlet  (Sir  Alberich),  an  ancestor 
of  the  family. 

Sir  Edward  Rcdgauntlet,  son  of  sir 
Alberick  ;  killed  by  his  father's  horse. 

Sir  Robert  Redgauntlet,  an  old  tory, 
mentioned  in  Wandering  Willie's  tale. 

Sir  Juhn  Redgauntlet,  bod  and  successor 
of  sir  Robert,  mentioned  in  Wandering 
Willie's  talv. 

Sir  Rcdwald  Rcdgauntlet,  son  of  sir 
John. 

Sir  Henry  Darsie  Redgauntlet,  son  of 
sir  Redwald. 

Lady  Henry  Darsie  Redgauntlet,  wife 
of  sir  Henry  Darsie. 

Sir  Arthur  Darsie  Redgauntlet,  alias 
Darsie  Latimer,  son  of  sir  Henry  and 
lady  Darsie. 

Miss  Lilias  Rcdgauntlet,  alias  Green- 
mantle,  sister  of  sir  Arthur.  She  marries 
Allan  Fairford. 

Sir  Edward  Hugh  Red  gauntlet,  the 
Jacobite  conspirator.  He  is  uncle  to 
Darsie  Latimer,  and  is  called  "  Laird  of 
the  Lochs,"  alias  "Mr.  Herries  of  Pir- 
renswark,"  alias  "  Master  Ingoldshy." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Rcdiauntlet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Redi  (Francis),  an  Italian  physician 
and  lyric  poet.  He  was  first  physician 
to  the  grand-duke  of  Tuscanv  (1626- 
1638i. 


Even  Redi,  tho'  he  chanted 
Bacchus  in  the  Tuscan  rollers. 

Never  diauk  the  wine  he  vaunted 
In  his  dithyrambic  sallies. 

Longfellow,  Drinking  Bofff. 

Redlaw  (Mr.),  the  "haunted  man." 
He  is  a  professor  of  chemistry,  who 
bargained  with  the  spirit  which  haunted 
him  to  leave  him,  on  condition  of  his  im- 
parting to  others  his  own  idiosyncrasies. 
From  this  moment  the  chemist  carried 
with  him  the  infection  of  sullenness, 
selfishness,  discontent,  and  ingratitude. 
On  Christmas  Day  the  infection  ceased, 
Redlaw  lost  his  morbid  feelings,  and  all 
who  suffered  by  his  infection,  being  healed, 
were  restored  to  love,  mirth,  benevolence, 
and  gratitude. — C.  Dickens,  The  Haunted 
Man  (1848). 

Redmain  (Sir  Magnus),  governor  of 
the  town  of  Lerwick  (fifteenth  century). 

He  was  remarkable  for  bis  long  red  beard,  and  was 
therefore  called  by  the  English  "Magnus  Red-beard."  but 
by  the  Scotch,  in  derision,  "  Magnus  Red-mane."  as  if  bis 
beard  bad  been  a  horse-mane.— Godscroft,  178. 

Redmond  O'Neale,  Rokeby's 
page,  beloved  by  Lokeby's  daughter 
Matilda,  whom  he  marries.  He  turns  out 
to  be  Mortliam's  son  and  heir. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Rokcbg  (1812). 

Recce  (Captain),  R.N.,  of  the  Mantel- 
piece ;  adored  by  all  his  crew.  They 
bad  feather-beds,  warm  slippers,  hot- 
water  cans,  brown  Windsor  soap,  and 
a  valet  to  every  four,  for  captain  Reece 
said,  "It  is  my  duty  to  make  my  nun 
happy,  and  I  will."  Captain  Reece  had 
a  daughter,  ten  female  cousins,  a  niece, 
and  a  ma,  six  sisters,  and  an  aunt  or  two, 
and,  at  the  suggestion  of  William  Lee 
the  coxswain,  married  these  ladies  to  his 
crew — "  It  is  my  duty  to  make  my  men 
happy,  and  I  will."  Last  of  all.  captain 
Reece  married  the  widowed  mother  of  his 
coxswain,  and  they  were  all  married  on 
one  day — "  It  was  their  duty,  and  thev 
did  it."— W.  S.  Gilbert,  The  Bab  Ballads 
("  Captain  Reece,  R.N."). 

Reeve's  Tale  (The).  Symond  Sym- 
kyn,  a  miller  of  Trompington,  near 
Cambridge,  used  to  serve  "Soler  Hall 
College,  but  was  an  arrant  thief.  Two 
scholars,  Aleyn  and  John,  undertook  to 
see  that  a  sack  of  corn  sent  to  be  ground 
was  not  tampered  with  ;  so  one  stood  by 
the  ho]. per.  and  one  by  the  trough  which 
received  the  flour.  In  the  mean  time, 
the  miller  let  their  horse  loose,  and,  when 
the  young  men  went  to  catch  it,  purloined 
half  a  bushel  of  the  Boor,  substituting  meal 
instead.  It  was  so  late  before  the  horse 
could  be  caiutht.  that  the  miller  offered 


RILFORMADO  CArTAIN. 


821 


REGIMEN,  ETC. 


the  two  scholars  a  "shakedown"  in  his 
own  chamber,  but  when  they  were  in 
bed  he  began  to  belabour  them  unmerci- 
fully. A  scuttle  ensued,  in  which  the 
miller,  being  tripped  up,  fell  upon  his 
wile.  His  wile,  roused  from  her  sleep, 
seized  ast'.ck,  and  mistaking  the  bald  pate 
of  her  hi.sband  for  the  night-cap  of  one 
of  the  ycung  men,  banged  it  so  lustily 
that  the  man  was  almost  stunned  with 
the  blows.  In  the  mean  time,  the  two 
scholars  made  off  without  payment, 
taking  with  them  the  sack  and  also  the 
half-bushel  of  flour  which  had  been  made 
into  cakes. — Chaucer,  Canterbury  Talcs 
(1388). 

%*  Boccaccio  has  a  similar  story  in 
his  Decameron.  It  is  also  the  subject  of 
a  fabliau  entitled  De  Qombert  ct  des 
Deux  Clcrs.  Chaucer  borrowed  his  story 
from  a  fabliau  given  by  Thomas  Wright 
in  his  Anccdota  Literaria,  L5. 

Reformado  Captain,  an  officer 
shelved  or  degraded  because  his  troops 
have  been  greatly  reduced. 

Reformation  (The).  It  was  noticed 
in  the  early  Lollards,  and  was  radiant  in 
the  works  of  Wycliffe. 

It  was  present  in  the  pulpit  of  Pierre 
de  IJruys,  in  the  pages  of  Arnoldo  da 
Brescia,  in  the  cell  of  Roger  Bacon. 

It  was  active  in  the  held  with  Peter 
Revel,  in  the  castle  of  lord  Cobhani,  in 
the  pulpit  with  John  Huss,  in  the  camp 
with  John  Ziska,  in  the  class-room  of 
Pico  di  Mirandola,  in  the  observatory 
of  Abraham  Zaouto,  and  the  college  of 
Antonio  di  Lebrija,  before  father  Martin 
was  born. 

Re'gan,  second  daughter  of  king 
Lear,  and  wife  of  the  duke  of  Cornwall. 
Having  received  Hie  hall'  of  her  father's 
kingdom  under  profession  of  unbounded 
love,  she  refused  I"  entertain  him  with 
his  suite.  On  the  death  of  her  husband, 
she  'designed  to  marry  Edmund  natural 
son  of  the  earl  of  Gloster,  and  was 
poisoned  by  her  elder  sister  Goneril  out 
of  jealousy.  Regan,  like  Goneril,  is 
proverbial  for  "filial  ingratitude."  — 
Shakespeare,  Kinij  Lear  (1(305). 

Regent  Diamond  ( The).  So  called 
from  the  regent  duke  01  I  Orleans.  This 
diamond,  the  property  of  France,  at  first 
set  in  the  crown,  and  then  in  the  sword 
of  state,  was  purchased  in  India  by  a 
governor  of  Madras,  of  whom  the  regent 
bought  it  for  £80,000. 

Regillus  (The   Battle  of  the  Lake). 


Regillus  Lacus  is  about  twenty  miles 
east  of  Rome,  between  Gabii  (north)  and 
Lavicum  (south;.  The  Romans  had  ex- 
pulled  Tarquin  the  Proud  from  the  throne, 
because  of  the  most  scandalous  conduct 
of  his  son  Septus,  who  hail  violated 
Lucretia  and  abused  her  hospitality. 
Thirty  combined  cities  of  Latium,  with 
Sabines  and  Volscians,  took  the  part  of 
Tarquin,  and  marched  towards  Lome. 
The  Romans  met  the  allied  army  at  tho 
lake  Regillus,  and  here,  on  July  15,  n.c 
499,  they  won  the  great  battle  which  con- 
firmed their  republican  constitution,  and 
in  which  Tarquin,  with  his  sons  Sextua 
and  Titus,  was  slain.  While  victory 
was  still  doubtful,  Castor  and  Pollux,  on 
their  white  horses,  appeared  to  the  Roman 
dictator,  and  fought  for  the  Romans.  The 
victory  was  complete,  and  ever  after  the 
Romans  observed  the  anniversary  of  this 
battle  with  agrand  procession  and  sacrifice. 
The  procession  started  from  the  temple 
of  Mars  outside  the  city  walls,  entered  by 
the  Porta,  Capena,  traversed  the  chief 
streets  of  Rome,  marched  past  the  temple 
of  Vesta  in  the  forum,  and  then  to  the 
opposite  side  of  the  great  "square,"  where 
they  had  built  a  temple  to  Castor  and 
Pollux  in  gratitude  for  the  aid  rendered 
by  them  in  this  battle.  Here  offerings 
were  made,  and  sacrifice  was  ottered  to 
the  Great  Twin-Rrothers,  the  Bona  of 
Leda.  Maeaulay  has  a  lay,  called  The 
Battle  of  the  Lake  Regillus,  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

Where,  by  the  lake  Retnllua, 

Under  the  Pord&n  height 
All  in  the  land  of  lutcnlum, 

Wu  fought  tlie  glorious  Bight. 
Hacatday,    Li'yt  of  Ancient   Home  (18-12) 

A  very  parallel  case  occurs  in  the  life 
of  Mahomet.  The  Koreishites  had  armed 
to  put  down  "the  prophet  ;"  but  Ma- 
homet met  them  in  arms,  and  on  January 
13,  624,  won  the  famous  battle  of  Bedr. 
In  the  Koran  fch.  iii.)>  he  tells  us  that 
the  angel  Gabriel,  on  his  horse  Balzum. 
appeared  on  the  field  with  8000  "angels, 

and  won  the  battle  for  him. 

In  the  conquest  of  Mexico,  we  arc  told 
that  St.  James  appeared  on  his  grey  horse 
at  the  head  of  the  Castilian  adventurers, 
and  led  them  on  to  victory.  Lernal  Diaz, 
who  was  in  the  battle,  saw  the  grey  horse, 

but  fancies  the  rider  was  Francesco  de 
Morla,  though,  he  confesses,  "  it  mighl  be 
the  glorious  apostle  St.  .lames"  for  aught 

he  knew. 

Regimen  of  the  School  ol*  Sa- 
lerno, a  collection  of  precepts  in  IjitiD 
verse,  writUn  by  John  of  Milan,  a  poet 


EEGION  OF  DEATH. 


822 


RELICS. 


of  the  eleventh  century,  for  Robert  duke 
of  Normandy. 

A  volume  universally  known 

As  the  "  Regimen  of  the  School  of  Salern." 

Longfellow,  The  Holder.  Legend  (1851). 

Region  of  Death  (Marovsthulli), 
Thurr,  near  Delhi,  fatal,  from  some  at- 
mospheric influence,  especially  about  sun- 
set. 

Regno  (The),  Naples. 

Are  our  wisei  heads  leaning  towards  an  alliance  with  the 
pope  and  the  Regno  ?— George  Eliot  (Marian  Evans). 

Reg'ulus,  a  Roman  general  who 
conquered  the  Carthaginians  (b.c.  25G), 
and  compelled  them  to  sue  for  peace. 
While  negotiations  were  going  on,  the 
Carthaginians,  joined  by  Xanthippos  the 
Lacedemonian,  attacked  the  Romans  at 
Tunis,  and  beat  them,  taking  Regulus 
prisoner.  In  250,  the  captive  was  sent  to 
Rome  to  make  terms  of  peace  and  demand 
exchange  of  prisoners,  but  he  used  all 
his  influence  with  the  senate  to  dissuade 
them  from  coming  to  terms  with  their 
foe.  On  his  return  to  captivity,  the 
Carthaginians  cut  off  his  eyelashes  and 
exposed  him  to  the  burning  sun,  then 
placed  him  in  a  barrel  armed  with  nails, 
which  was  rolled  up  and  down  a  hill  till 
the  man  was  dead. 

***  This  subject  has  furnished  Pradon 
and  Dorat  with  tragedies  (French),  and 
Metastasio  the  Italian  poet  with  an  opera 
called  Rcijolo  (1740).  "  Regulus"  was  a 
favourite  part  of  the  French  actor  Fran- 
cois J.  Talma. 

Rehearsal  (The),  a  farce  by  George 
Villiers  duke  of  Buckingham  (1671).  It 
was  designed  for  a  satire  on  the  rhyming 
plays  of  the  time.  The  chief  character, 
Bayes  (1  syl.),  is  meant  for  Dryden. 

The  name  of  George  Villiers,  duke  of  Buckingham,  de- 
mands cordial  mention  by  every  writer  on  the  stage.  He 
live.)  in  an  age  when  plays  were  chiefly  written  in  rhyme, 
winch  served  as  a  vehicle  for  foaming  sentiment  clouded 
by  hy]«erbo!fi.  .  .  .  The  dramas  of  Lee  anil  Settle  .  .  . 
»re  made  up  of  blatant  couplets  that  emptily  thundered 
through  five  long  acts.  To  explode  an  unnatural  custom 
by  ridiculing  it,  w;is  Buckingham's  design  in  The  lie- 
heartal,  but  in  doing  this  the  gratification  of  private 
dislike  was  a  greater  stimulus  than  the  wish  to  promote 
the  public  good. — W.  C.  Russell,  Keprescntative  Actors. 

Reichel  (Colonel),  in  Charles  XII., 
by  J.  R.  Blanche  (1826). 

Rejected  Addresses,  parodies  on 
Wordsworth,  Cobbett,  Southey,  Scott, 
Coleridge,  Crabbe,  Byron,  Theodore 
Hook,  etc.,  by  James  and  Horace  Smith  ; 
the  copyright  after  the  sixteenth  edition 
was  purchased  by  John  Murray,  in  1819, 
for  £131.  The  directors  of  Drury  Lane 
Theatre  had  offered  a  premium  for  the 
beat  poetical  addresn  to  be  spoken  at  the 


opening  of  the  new  building,  and  the 
brothers  Smith  conceived  the  idea  of 
publishing  a  number  of  poems  supposed 
to  have  been  written  for  the  occasion  and 
rejected  by  the  directors  (1812). 

"  I  do  not  see  why  they  should  have  been  rejected," 
said  a  Leicestershire  clergyman,  "  for  I  think  some  of 
them  are  very  good.'*— James  Smith. 

Reksh,  sir  Rustam's  horse. 

Relapse  (The),  a  comedy  by  "Van- 
brugh  (1697).  Reduced  to  three  acts, 
and  adapted  to  more  modern  times  by 
Sheridan,  under  the  title  of  A  Trip  to 
Scarborough  (1777). 

Rel'dresal,  principal  secretary  for 
private  affairs  in  the  court  of  Lilliput, 
and  great  friend  of  Gulliver.  When  it 
was  proposed  to  put  the  Man-mountain 
to  death  for  high  treason,  Reldresal  moved, 
as  an  amendment,  that  the  "  traitor  should 
have  both  his  eyes  put  out,  and  be  suffered 
to  live  that  he  might  serve  the  nation." — 
Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  ("  Voyage  to 
LillipuV  1726). 

%*  Probably  the  dean  had  the  Bible 
story  of  Samson  and  the  Philistines  in 
his  thoughts. 

Relics  (Sacred).  The  most  famous 
are  the  following : — 

Coal.     One  of  the  coals  that  roasted  St.  LawTence. 

Face.  The  face  of  a  seraph,  with  only  port  of  the 
nose.     (See  below,  "  Snout") 

Fl.NOKK.  A  finger  of  St.  Andrew;  one  of  John  the 
Baptist;  one  of  the  Holy  Ghost;  and  the  thumb  of  St. 
Thomas. 

Handkerchiefs  (Two),  with  Impressions  of  the  face 
of  Christ :  one  sent  by  our  Lord  Himself,  as  a  present  to 
Agbarua  prince  of  F^lessa;  and  the  other  given  to  St. 
Veronica,  as  the  "Man  of  sorrows"  was  on  His  wa>  to 
execution.  The  woman  had  lent  it  to  Jesus  ,j  wipe  His 
brow  with,  and  when  He  returned  it  an  impression  of 
His  bee  was  photographed  on  it. 

Head.     Two  heads  of  John  the  Baptist 

Hkm.  The  hem  of  our  Lord's  garment  which  the 
woman  with  the  issue  of  blood  touched ;  and  the  hem  of 
Joseph's  garment 

Lock  of  Hair.  A  lock  of  the  hair  with  which  Mary 
Magdalene  wiped  the  Saviour's  feet 

Nail.  One  of  the  nails  used  in  the  Crucifixion,  setio 
the  "  iron  crown  of  Lombard)'." 

Piihl  of  SWEAT.  A  phial  of  the  sweat  of  St  Michael, 
when  he  contended  with  Satan. 

KAVS  of  a  Star.  Some  of  the  rays  of  the  guiding  star 
Which  appeared  to  the  Wise  Men  of  the  East. 

Rib.  A  rib  of  the  "Verbum  caro  factum,"  or  the 
Word  made  flesh. 

Rod.    Moses'  rod. 

Seamless  Coat.  The  seamless  coat  of  our  Lord,  for 
which  lots  were  cast  at  the  Crucifixion. 

Slippers.  A  pair  of  slippers  worn  by  Enoch  before  the 
Flood. 

Snout  The  "snout"  of  a  seraph,  supposed  to  have 
belonged  to  the  face  (see  above). 

SPOON.  The  pap-dish  and  spoon  used  by  the  Virgin 
Mary  for  the  child  Jesus. 

Sword  and  Shield.  The  short  sword  of  St  Michael, 
and  his  square  buckler  lined  with  red  velvet 

Tkar.  The  tear  shed  by  Jesus  over  the  grave  of 
Lazarus.     It  was  given  by  an  angel  to  Mary  Magdalene. 

Tooth.     A  tooth  of  our  Lord  Himself. 

Water-pot.  One  of  the  water-pots  used  at  the 
marriage  at  Cana.  in  Galilee. 

This  list  is  taken  from  Brady's  Claris  Calmdaria,  Ml 
(1889). 


RELOXA. 


823 


It  appears  by  the  confessions  of  the  Inquisition  that 
kutauces  of  failure  have  occurred,  but  the  sacred  relics 
have  always  recoiercd  their  virtue  when  (as  DalbeTt,  a 
moult  of  Marchieiiiiea  informs  us),  "  they  are  tlot&cd  with 
rods. '— Brady,  J41. 

%*  In  the  Hotel  de  Cluny,  Paris,  we 
are  shown  a  ring  which  we  are  assured 
contains  part  of  one  of  the  thorns  of  the 
''crown  of  thorns." 

Reloxa,  the  clock  town.  (From  the 
Spanish  relox,  "a  clock.") 

It  would  be  an  excellent  joke,  indeed,  If  the  natives  of 
Keloxa  were  to  slay  every  one  who  only  asked  them  wliat 
O'clock  it  was. — Cervantes,  Don  (juitole,  II.  ii.  8  (1615). 

Remember  Thou  art  Mortal! 
When  a  Roman  conqueror  entered  the 
city  in  triumph,  a  slave  was  placed  in 
the  chariot  to  whisper  from  time  to  time 
into  the  ear  of  the  conqueror,  "  Remem- 
ber thou  art  a  man  !  " 

Vespasian,  the  Roman  emperor,  had  a 
9lave  who  said  to  him  daily  as  he  left 
hia  chamber,  "  Remember  thou  art  a 
man  ! " 

In  the  ancient  Egyptian  banquets  it 
was  customary  during  the  feast  to  draw  a 
mummy  in  a  car  round  the  banquet  hall, 
while  one  uttered  aloud,  "To  this  estate 
you  must  come  at  last !  " 

When  the  sultan  of  Screndib  (i.e. 
Ceylon)  went  abroad,  his  vizier  cried 
aloud,  "This  is  the  great  monarch,  the 
tremendous  sultan  of  the  Indies  .  .  . 
greater  than  Solima  or  the  grand  Mihr- 
age  !  "  An  officer  behind  the  monarch 
then  exclaimed,  "This  monarch,  though 
so  great  and  powerful,  must  die,  must 
die,  must  die  !  " — Arabian  A'iyhts  ("  Sind- 
bad,"  sixth  voyage). 

Remois  (2  syl.),  the  people  of  Rheims, 
in  France. 

Remond,  a  shepherd  in  Britannia's 
Pastorals,  by  William  Browne  (1618). 

Ilemond,  young  Remond.  that  full  well  could  slnR. 
Ami  tune  his  pipe  at  rail's  hirlh  carolling  ; 
Who.  for  his  nimble  leaping,  sweetest  layes, 
A  laurcll  garland  WOW  '•"  BOlltlajf  I  | 

III  framing  "I  whose  hand  dame  Nature    wore. 
There  never  was  his  like,  nor  should  he  more. 

1'tuloral,  I. 

Rem'ora,  a  little  fish,  which  fastens 
itself  on  the  keel  of  a  ship,  and  impedes 
its  progress. 

The  sliipp"  la  as  Insensible  of  the  tiring  ai  of  the  dc  el  ; 
a*  the  living  make  it  not  got  the  faster,  s-i  tha  dl  ad  make 
tt  not  goe  the  slower,  for  the  dead  are  no  Bhamorai  [ate] 
to  alter  the  courso  of  her  passage.— Ilelpc  to  itamoiy,  etc., 
■6(16*0). 

A  goodly  ship  with  banners  bravely  dlght. 

And  flan  on  her  top-gallant  1  ssplad.  .  .  . 

All  suddenly  their  clove  unto  hei  keel 

A  little tish  thai  nun  rail  Ramon, 

Which  ■topped  bar  conrat  and  held  her  by  the  heel. 

That  Wind  nor  lido  could  mora  her  theme  away, 

Spenser.  Somieu  (1281). 


RENZO  AND  LUCIA. 

Rem'ore8,  birds  which  retard  the 
execution  of  a  project. 

"Reinores"  area  In  auspldo  dlcunter  <ju»  arturum 
attmrfd  reniorari  cowpeUunL  —  Feftua,  lie  Yertnrum 
Btgniftaticma. 

Re'naud,  one  of  the  paladins  of 
Charlemagne,  always  described  with  the 
pre  perties  of  a  borderer,  valiant,  alert, 
ingenious,  rapacious,  and  unscrupulous. 
Better  known  in  the  Italian  form  Binaldo 

Renault,  a  Frenchman,  and  one  rf 
the  chief  conspirators  in  which  Pierre 
was  concerned.  When  Jaffier  joined  the 
conspiracy,  he  gave  hi*  wife  Belvide'ra 
as  surety  of  his  fidelity,  and  a  dagger 
to  be  used  against  her  ii  he  proved  un- 
faithful. Renault  attempted  the  honour 
of  the  lady,  and  Jaffier  took  her  back 
in  order  to  protect  her  from  such  insults. 
The  old  villain  died  on  the  wheel,  and  no 
one  pitied  him. — T.  Otwav,  Venice  Pre- 
served (1682). 

Rene,  the  old  kini;  of  Provence, 
father  of  queen  Margaret  of  Anjoa  (wife 

of  Henry  VI.  of  England).  A  minstrel' 
monarch,  friend  to  the  chase  and  tilt, 
poetry  and  music.  Thiebault  says  he 
gave  in  largesses  to  knights-errant  and 
minstrels  mure  than  he  received  in 
revenue  (ch.  xxix.). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Geicrstcin  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Rene'  (2  syl.),  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
romance    by   Chateaubriand    (1801).     It 
was  designed  for  an  episode  to  bis 
du  Christianisme  (1802).     Rene  is  a  man 

of  social  inaction,  conscious  of  DOSSI 

a  superior  genius,  but  his  pride  produces 

in  him  a  morbid  bitterness  of  spirit. 

B* ■ne     [I.i'.r.i.ANc],     notary    public     of 
Grand    Pre',    in     Acadia     i  .\ 
lSent  with  age,  but  with  long  yellow  hair 
flowing  over  his  shoulders.     He  was  the 

father  of  twenty  children,  and  had  ft 
hundred  grandchildren.  \\  hen  Acadia 
was  ceded  by  the  French  to  England, 
George  II.  confiscated  the  goods  of  the 
simple  colonists,  and  drove  them  into 
exile.  Bene1  went  to  Pennsylvania,  when 
he  died,  and  was  buried. — Longfellow, 
Evangeline  ( I 

Rentowel  (Mr.  Jabesh),  a  covenant- 
ing preacher. — Sir  W.  Scott,    R 
(time,  George  II.). 

With  Uie  vehemence  of  some  piilplt-drummln  •  Q  wk- 
thrapplc  [R'aaaWajtl  or  "  precious"  Mr.  Jaie.h  R*o- 
towel. — I'arUlc. 

Renzo  and  Lucia,  the  hero  and 
heroine  of  an  Italian  novel  by  Altssando 
Manzoni,  entitled    The  Betrothed  love' 


REPUBLICAN  QUEEN. 


824 


REVENGE. 


("  Promessi  Sposi").  This  novel  con- 
tains an  account  of  the  Bread  Riot  and 
plague  of  Milan.  Cardinal  Borro'meo  is, 
of  course,  introduced.  There  is  an  Eng- 
lish translation  (1827). 

Republican  Queen  {The),  Sophie 
Charlotte,  wife  cf  Frederick  I.  of  Prussia. 

Resolute  (The),  John  Florio,  philo- 
logist. He  was  the  tutor  of  prince 
Henry  (1545-1625). 

***  This  "Florio "was  the  prototype 
of  Shakespeare's  "  Holofernes." 

Resolute  Doctor  {The),  John 
Baconthorp  (*-1346). 

%*  Guillaume  Durandus  de  St.  Pour- 
cain  was  called  "  The  Most  Resolute 
Doctor"  (1267-1332). 

Restless  (Sir  John),  the  suspicious 
husband  of  a  suspicious  wife.  Both  are 
made  wretched  by  their  imaginings  of  the 
other's  infidelity,  but  neither  hare  the 
slightest  ground  for  such  suspicion. 

Lady  Restless,  wife  of  sir  John.  As 
she  has  a  fixed  idea  that  her  husband  is 
inconstant,  she  is  always  asking  the  ser- 
vants, "  Where  is  sir  John?"  "  Is  sir  John 
returned?"  "Which  way  did  sir  John 
go?"  "Has  sir  John  received  any  let- 
ters?" "Who  has  called  ?"  etc.  ;  and, 
whatever  the  answer,  it  is  to  her  a  con- 
firmation of  her  surmises. — A.  Murphy, 
All  in  the  Wron<j  (1761). 

Reuben  Dixon,  a  village  school- 
master of  "  ragged  lads." 

'Mid  noise,  and  dirt,  anil  stench,  and  play,  and  prate. 
He  calmly  cuts  the  pen  or  views  the  slate. 

Crabbe.  Borough,  xxiv.  (1810). 

Reuben  and.  Seth,  sen-ants  of 
Nathan  ben  Israel,  the  Jew  at  Ashby,  a 
friend   of    Isaac  and    Rebecca. — Sij   W. 

Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Reullu'ra  (i.e.  "beautiful  star"),  the 
wife  of  Aodh,  one  of  the  Culdees  or 
primitive  clergy  of  Scotland,  who 
preached  the  gospel  of  God  in  Io'na,  an 
island  south  of  Staff  a.  Here  Ulvfa'gre 
the  Dane  landed,  and,  having  put  all  who 
opposed  him  to  death,  seized  Aodh, 
bound  him  in  iron,  carried  him  to  the 
church,  and  demanded  where  the  trea- 
sures were  concealed.  Just  then  ap- 
peared a  mysterious  figure  all  in  white, 
who  first  unbound  Aodh,  and  then  taking 
the  Dane  by  the  arm,  led  him  up  to  the 
statue  of  St.  Columb,  which  immediately 
fell  anl  crushed  him  to  death.  Then 
turning  to  the  Norsemen,  the  same  mys- 
terious figure  told  them  to  "  go  back, 
fcad  taks  the  bones  of  their  chief  with 


them  ;  "  adding,  whoever  lifted  hand  in 
the  island  again  should  be  a  par&lytic  for 
life.  The  "saint"  then  transported  the 
remnant  of  the  islanders  to  Ireland  ;  but 
when  search  was  made  for  Rewllura,  h«r 
body  was  in  the  sea,  and  her  soul  in 
heaven. — Campbell,  Reullura. 

Reutha'mir,  the  principal  man  of 
Balclutha  a  town  belonging  to  the 
Britons  on  the  river  Clyde.  His  daugh- 
ter Moina  married  Clessammor  (Fingal's 
uncle  on  the  mother's  side).  Reuthamir 
was  killed  by  Comhal  (Fingal's  father) 
when  he  attacked  Balclutha  and  burned 
it  to  the  ground. — Ossian,  Carthon. 

Rev'eller  (Lady),  cousin  of  Valeria 
the  blue-stocking.  Lady  Reveller  is  very 
fond  of  play,  but  ultimately  gives  it  up, 
and  is  united  to  lord  Worthy. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The  Basset  Table  (1706). 

Revenge  (The),  a  tragedy  by  Ed- 
ward Young   (1721).     (For  the  plot,  see 

Z.VNGA.) 

Revenge  (TJie),  the  ship  under  the 
command  of  sir  Richard  Grenville,  an- 
chored at  Flores,  in  the  Azores,  when  a 
fleet  of  fifty-three  Spanish  ships  hove  in 
right.  Lord  Thomas  Howard,  with  six 
men-of-war,  sailed  off ;  but  sir  Richard 
stood  his  ground.  lie  had  only  a  hundred 
men,  but  with  this  crewandhisone  ship  lie 
encountered  the  Spanish  fleet.  The  fight 
was  very  obstinate.  Some  of  the  Spanish 
ships  were  sunk,  and  many  shattered  ;  but 
sir  Richard  at  length  was  wounded,  and 
the  surgeon  shot  while  dressing  the  wound. 
"  Sink  the  ship,  master  gunner  !  "  cried 
sir  Richard  ;  "  sink  the  ship,  and  let 
her  not  fall  into  the  hands  of  Spain  !  " 
But  the  crew  were  obliged  to  yield,  and 
sir  Richard  died.  The  Spaniards  were 
amazed  at  Grenville's  pluck,  and  gave 
him  all  honours  as  they  cast  his  body 
into  the  sea.  The  Revenge  wa9  then 
manned  by  Spaniards,  but  never  reached 
the  Spanish  coast,  for  it  was  wrecked  in 
a  tempest,  and  went  down  with  all  hands 
aboard. — Tennvson,  The  Revenge,  a,  bal- 
lad of  the  fleet"  (1878). 

%*  This  sea-right  is  the  subject  of  one 
of  Froude's  essays. 

Canon  Kingsley  has  introduced  it  in 
Westward  Ho !  where  he  gives  a  deserip. 
tion  of  sir  Richard  Grenville. 

Lord  Bacon  says  the  fight  "was 
memorable  even  beyond  credit,  and  to 
the  height  of  heroic  fable." 

Mr.  Arber  published  three  interesting 


REVENGE. 


825 


REYNOLDS. 


contemporary  documents  relating  to  The 
Revenue,  by  sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Gervase  Markham  wrote  a  long  poem 
on  the  subject  (two  hundred  stanzas  of 
eight  lines  each). 

Revewje  {The  Palace  of),  a  palace  of 
crystal,  provided  with  everything  agree- 
able to  life,  except  the  means  of  going 
out  of  it.  The  fairy  Pagan  made  it,  and 
when  Imis  rejected  his  suit  because  she 
loved  prince  I'hilax,  he  shut  them  up  in 
this  palace  out  of  revenge.  At  the  end  of 
a  few  years,  Pagan  had  his  revenge,  for 
1 'hi lax  and  Imis  longed  as  eagerly  for  a 
separation  as  they  had  once  done  to  be 
united. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales 
•"  Palace  of  Revenge,"  1G82). 

Revenons  a  nos  Moutons,  let  us 
return  to  the  matter  in  hand.  The  phrase 
comes  from  an  old  French  comedy  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  entitled  L'Avocat  Pate- 
lin, by  Blanehet.  A  clothier,  giving 
evidence  against  a  shepherd  who  had 
stolen  some  sheep,  is  for  ever  running 
from  the  subject  to  talk  about  some  cloth 
of  which  Patelin,  his  lawyer,  had  de- 
frauded  him.  The  judge  from  time  to 
time  pulls  him  up,  by  saying  "Well, 
well!  and  about  the  sheep?"  "What 
about  the  sheep?"  (See  Patelin,  p. 
787.) 

Revolutionary  Songs.  By  far 
the  most  popular  were : 

1.  La  Marseillaise,  both  words  and 
music  by  Rouget  de  Lisle  (1792). 

2.  Veillons  au  Salut  de  P Empire,  by 
Adolphe  S.  Boy  (1791).  Music  by  Da- 
lavra.  Very  strange  that  men  whose 
w  hole  purpose  was  to  destroy  the  empire, 
should  go  about  singing,  "  Let  us  guard 
it!" 

3.  Ca  Ira,  written  to  the  tune  of  Le 
Carillon  National,  in  L789,  while  prepa- 
rations were  being  made  for  the  Fete  do 
la  Federation,  It  was  a  great  favourite 
with  Marie  Antoinette,  who  was  tor  ever 
"strumming  the  tune  on  her  harpsi- 
chord." 

A.  Chant  du  Drfpart,  by  Marie  Joseph 
dc  Chenier  (1794).  Music  by  Mchul. 
This  was  the  most  popular  next  to  the 
Marseillaise. 

6.  La  Carmajnole.  "Madame  Veto 
avait  promis  de  faire  egorger  tout, 
Paris  ..."  (1792).  Probably  so  called 
from  Carmagnole,  in  Piedmont.  The 
imrden  of  this  dancing  song  is  : 
Dari*on  In  Qanuaonole, 
Vive  le  son  !  Vive  If  son! 

Dmiisou  In  Cvmaf It 

Vive  le  ton  du  caiiuai 


6.  Le  Vengeur,  a  cock-and-bull  story, 
in  \  •  rse,  about  a  ship  so  called.  Lord 
Howe  t<"'k  six  of  the  French  ships,  June 
1,  17!*  t  ;  but  Le  Vengeur  was  sunk  by  the 
crew  that  it  might  Dot  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  English,  ami  went  doi*D  while  tho 
crew  shouted,  "Vive  la  EU  >ablique  ! " 
There  is  as  much  truth  in  this  fcory  as  in 
David's  picture  of  Napoleon  ''Crossing 
the  Alps." 

In  the  second  Revolution  we  have  ■ 

1.  La  Parisienne,  called  "The  Mar- 
seillaise of  1830,"  by  Casimir  Delavignc, 
the  same  year. 

2.  La  France  a  YHorrcur  du  Serva>je, 
by  Casimir  Delavigne  (1843). 

3.  La  Champ  de  Bataille,  by  Emile 
Debreaux  (about  1830). 

The  chief  political  songs  of  IVranger 
are:  Adieux  de  Marie  Stuart,  La  Cocarde 
Blanche,  Jacques,  La  De'esse,  Marquis  de 
Carabas,  Le  Sucre  de  Charles  le  a 
Le  Senateur,  Le  Vic  ax  Capvral,  and  I^e 
Vilain. 

Rewcastle  {Old  John),  a  Jedburgh 
smuggler,  and  one  of  the  Jacobite  con- 
spirators with  the  laird  of  Ellieslaw. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Mac!:  Daarf  (time, 
Anne). 

Reynaldo,  a  servant  to  Polonius. — 
Shakespeare,  Hamlet  (1596). 

Reynard  the  Fox,  the  hero  of  the 
beast-epic  so  called.  This  prose  poem  is 
a  satire  on  the  state  of  Germany  in  tho 
Middle  Ages.  Reynard  represents  the 
Church;  lsengrin  the  wolf  (his  uncle) 
typifies  the  baronial  element  ;  and  Xodel 
tlie  lion  stands  for  the  regal  power.     Tho 

plot  turns  on  the  struggle  for  supremacy 
between  Reynard  and  lsengrin.    Reynard 

uses  all  his  endeavours  to  victimize  every 
One,  especially  his  uncle  lsengrin,  and 
generally     succeeds.  —  Reineoke     J-'iuhs 

(thicr-epos,  1498). 

Reynardine  (3  s;/l.),  eldest  son  of 
Reynard     the     fox.       He    assumed     the 
names    of    I  >r.    l'odanto    and    Crabron. — 
/;„•  (1498). 

Reynold  of  Montalbon,  one  of 

Charlemagne's  paladins. 

Reynolds  {Sir  Joshua)  is  thus  de- 
scribed by  Goldsmith  : 

Han  K.Miol.li  is  hit. I ;  and.  to  Ml  r.iu  mjr  mind. 
i  better  behind. 
i  eraa  itrikliig,  rmlitlfi.  tad  Brand  ; 
.  ouuiulvlug,  .•mil  liland.  .  .  . 

•      ■  •  mod  civilly  sleerini*. 
n  in    il>")    iixlifeH   without  skill,  he  was  still  hard  of 


REZIO. 

When  they  talked  of  their  Raphaels,  Correijios  [sic],  and 

stuff. 
Be  shifted  his  trumpet,  and  only  took  snuff. 

Retaliation  (1774). 

N.B. — Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  was  hard  of 
hearing,  and  used  an  ear-trumpet. 

Rez'io  (Dr.)  or  "  Pedro  Rezio  of 
Ague'ro,"  the  doctor  of  Barata'ria,  who 
forbade  Sancho  Panza  to  taste  any  of  the 
meats  set  before  him.  Roast  partridge 
was  "  forbidden  by  Hippoc'rates."  Po- 
dri'da  was  "the  most  pernicious  food  in 
the  world."  Rabbits  were  "a  sharp-haired 
diet."  Veal  was  "  prejudicial  to  health." 
But,  he  said,  the  governor  might  eat  "a 
few  wafers,  and  a  thin  slice  or  two  of 
quince." — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II. 
iii.  10  (1615). 

Dr.  Sangrado  seems  to  be  copied  in 
some  measure  from  this  character.  His 
panacea  was  hot  water  and  stewed  apples. 
— Lesage,  Gil  Bias  (1715-35). 

Dr.  Hancock  (a  real  character)  pre- 
scribed cold  water  and  stewed  prunes. 

Rhadaman'thus,  son  of  Jupiter  and 
Euro'pa.  He  reigned  in  the  Cyelades 
with  such  partiality,  that  at  death  he  was 
made  one  of  the  judges  of  the  infernal 
regions. 

And  if  departed  souls  must  rise  ntrain.  .  .  . 
And  bide  tho  Judgment  of  reward  or  pain  ;  .  .  . 
Then  Rhadamauthus  and  stern  Minos  were 
True  types  of  justice  while  they  lived  here. 

Lord  Brooke,  Monarchic,  1.  (1054-1628). 

Rhampsini'tos,  ^  king  of  Egypt, 
tir.u.illy  called  Ram'csGs  III.,  the  richest 
of  the  Egyptian  monarchs,  who  amassed 
72  millions  sterling,  which  he  secured  in 
a  treasury  of  stone  By  an  artifice  of 
the  builder,  he  was  robbed  every  night. — 
JJcHxlotos,  ii.  121. 

A  p:*rallel  tale  is  told  of  Hyrieus 
[III/'. ri.uce]  of  Hyria.  His  two  architects, 
Trophonios  and  Agamf-des  (brothers),  built 
his  treasure-vaults,  but  left  one  stone 
removable  at  pleasure.  After  great  loss 
of  treasure,  Hyrieus  spread  a  net,  in 
which  Agame'des  was  caught.  To  pre- 
vent recognition,  Trophonios  cut  off  his 
brother's  head. —  Pausanias,  Itinerary  of 
Greece,  ix.  37,  3. 

A  similar  tale  is  told  of  the  treasure- 
vaults  of  Augeas  king  of  Elis. 

Rha'sis  or  Mohammed  Aboubekr  ibn 
Zakaria  el  Razi,  a  noted  Arabian  physi- 
cian. He  wrote  a  treatise  on  small-pox 
and  measles,  with  some  200  other  treatises 
(850-923). 

Well,  error  has  no  end  ; 
And  RLasls  Is  u  sage. 

R.  Browning,  Paraceltut,  111. 

Rhea's  Child.     Jupiter  is  so  called 


826  RHESUS. 


by   Pindar.      He    dethroned    his  fathw 
Saturn. 

The  child 
Of  Rhea  drove  him  [Saturn]  from  the  upper  sky. 

Akenside,  Hymn  to  the  Naiads  (1767). 

Rheims  (The  Jackdaw  of).  Th» 
cardinal-archbishop  of  Rheims  made  a 
grand  feast,  to  which  he  invited  all  the 
joblillies  of  the  neighbourhood.  There 
were  abbots  and  prelates,  knights  and 
squires,  and  all  who  delighted  to  honour 
the  great  panjandrum  of  Rheims.  The 
feast  over,  water  was  served,  and  his  lord- 
ship's grace,  drawing  off  his  turquoise  ring, 
laid  it  beside  his  plate,  dipped  his  fingers 
into  the  golden  bowl,  and  wiped  them 
on  his  napkin  ;  but  when  he  looked  to  put 
on  his  ring,  it  was  nowhere  to  be  found. 
It  was  evidently  gone.  The  floor  was 
searched,  the  plates  and  dishes  lifted  up, 
the  mugs  and  chalices,  every  possible  and 
impossible  place  was  poked  into,  but 
without  avail.  The  ring  must  have  been 
stolen.  His  grace  was  furious,  and,  in 
dignified  indignation,  calling  for  bell, 
book,  and  candle,  banned  the  thief,  both 
body  and  soul,  this  life  and  for  ever.  It 
was  a  terrible  curse,  but  none  of  the 
guests  seemed  the  worse  for  it — except, 
indeed,  the  jackdaw.  The  poor  bird  was 
a  pitiable  object,  his  head  lobbed  down, 
his  wings  draggled  on  the  floor,  his 
feathers  were  all  ruffled,  and  with  a 
ghost  of  a  caw  he  prayed  the  company  to 
follow  him ;  when  lo !  there  was  the  ring, 
hidden  in  some  sly  corner  by  the  jack- 
daw as  a  clever  practical  joke.  His 
lordship's  grace  smiled  benignantly,  and 
instantly  removed  the  curse  ;  when  lo ! 
as  if  by  magic,  the  bird  became  fat  and 
sleek  again,  perky  and  impudent,  wag- 
ging his  tail,  winking  his  eye,  and  cock- 
ing his  head  on  one  side,  then  up  he 
hopped  to  his  old  place  on  the  cardinal's 
chair.  Never  after  this  did  he  indulge  in 
thievish  tricks,  but  became  so  devout,  so 
constant  at  feast  and  chapel,  so  well- 
behaved  at  matins  and  vespers,  that  when 
he  died  he  died  in  the  odour  of  sanctity, 
and  was  canonized,  his  name  being 
changed  to  that  of  Jim  Crow. — Barham, 
Impildsby  Legends  ("Jackdaw  of  Rheims," 
1837). 

Rhene  (1  syl.),  the  Rhine,  the  Latin 
J\he'?ius. — Milton,  faradise  Lost,  i.  353 
(1665).  I 

Rhesus  was  on  his  march  to  aid  the 
Trojans  in  their  siege,  and  had  nt-arly 
reached  Troy,  when  he  was  attacked  in 
the  night  hv  Dlvsses  and  Diomed.     In 


RHETORIC  OF  A  SILVER  FEE.     827 


RIBBON. 


this  surprise  Khesus  and  all  his  army  were 
cut  to  pieces.  —  Homer,  Iliad,  x. 

A  very  parallel  ease  was  that  of  Sweno 
the  Dane,  who  was  marching  to  join 
Godfrey  and  the  crusaders,  when  he  was 
attacked  in  the  night  by  Solyman,  and 
both  Sweno  and  his  army  perished. — 
Tacso,  Jerusalem,  Delivered  (1575). 

Rhetoric  of  a  Silver  Pee  {The). 

He  will  reverse  the  watchman's  harsh  decree, 
Moved  by  the  rhetoric  o(  a  silver  fee. 

Gay,  TrivUi,  iii.  317  (1712). 

Rhiannon's  Birds.  The  notes  of 
these  birds  were  so  sweet  that  warriors 
remained  spell-hound  for  eighty  years 
*ogether  listening  to  them.  These  birds 
are  often  alluded  to  by  the  Welsh  hards. 
(Rliiannon  was  the  wife  of  prince  Pwyll.) 
—  The  Mabinogion,  303  (twelfth  century). 

The  snow-white  bird  which  the  monk 
Felix  listened  to  sang  so  enchantingly 
that  he  was  spell-bound  for  a  hundred 
years  listening  to  it. — Longfellow,  Golden 
Legend. 

Rhine  (The  Irish).  The  Black  water 
is  so  called  from  its  scenery. 

Rhinnon  Rhin  Barnawd's 
Bottles  had  the  virtue  of  keeping  sweet 
whatever  liquor  was  put  in  them. —  The 
Mabinotjion  ("Kilhwch  and  Olwen," 
twelfth  century). 

Rhinoceros.  The  horn  of  the  rhi- 
noceros being  "cut  through  the  middle 
from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  on  it 
will  be  seen  several  white  lines  repre- 
senting human  figures." — Arabian  Nights 
("Sindbad's  Second  Voyage"). 

Rhinoceros- Horn  a  Poison- Detector.  If 
poison  is  put  into  a  vessel  made  of  a 
rhinoceros's  horn,  the  liquid  contained 
therein  will  efl'ervesce. 

Rhinoceros  and  Elephant.  The  rhino- 
ceros with  its  horn  gores  the  elephant 
under  the  belly,  but  blood  running  into 
the  eyes  of  the  rhinoceros,  blinds  it,  and 
it  becomes  an  easy  prey  to  the  roc. — 
Arabian  Nights  ("  Sindbad's  Second 
Voyage"). 

Rhodalilld,  daughter  of  Arihert  king 
of  Lombardy,  in  love  with  duke  Gondi- 
bert;  but  Gondibert  preferred  Birtha,  a 

country  girl,  daughter  of  the  sage  As- 
tragon.  While  the  duke'  is  whispering 
•weet  love-nutos  t<'  Birtha,  a  page  comes 
post-haste  to  announce  to  him  that  the 
king  has  proclaimed  him  his  heir,  and  is 
about  to  give  him  his  daughter  in  mar- 
riage. The  duke  gives  Birtha  an  emerald 
ring,  and  says  if  be  is  raise  to  her  the 
•unerald  will  lose  its  lustre  ;  then  hastens 


to  court  in  obedience  to  the  king's  sum- 
mons. Here  the  tale  breaks  off,  and 
was  never  finished.— Sir  Win.  Davenant, 
Gondibert  (1605  1008). 

Rhodian  Venus  (The).  This  nm 
the  "  Venus'"of  Protog'enes  mentioned  by 
Pliny,  Natural  History,  xxxv.  10. 

When  first  the  Rhodian's  mimic  art  arrayed 
The  Queen  of  Beauty  in  her  Cyprian  ^liade. 
The  happy  master  mingled  in  his  pleat 
Each  look  that  charmed  hiin  in  the  fair  of  Greoen. 
Campbell,  Pleasure*  of  J/ojms.  ii.  (1. 

Prior  (1004-1721)  refers  to  the  same 
painting  in  his  fable  of  Trotojcnes  and 
Apelles : 

I  hope,  sir,  you  intend  to  stay 

To  see  our  Venus  ;  'tis  the  piece 

The  most  renowned  throughout  all  Greece. 

Rhod'ope  (3  syl.)  or  Rhod'opis, 
a  celebrated  Greek  courtezan,  who  after- 
wards married  Psammetichus  king  of 
Egypt.  It  is  said  that  she  built  the  third 
pyramid. — Pliny,  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxvi.  12. 

A  statelier  pyramid  to  her  I'll  rear, 
Thau  ilhodopc's. 
BhakMpeare,  1  Henri/   71.  act  i.  sc.  6  (1589). 

Rhombus,  a  schoolmaster  who 
speaks  ''a  leash  of  languages  at  once," 
puzzling  himself  and  his  hearers  with  a 
jargon  like  that  of  "  IlolofcrnOs "  in 
Shakespeare's  LoV& S  Labour's  Lust  (1594). 

— Sir  Philip  Sidney,  Pastoral  Entertain- 
ment (1587). 

Rhombus,  a  spinning-wheel  or  rolling 

instrument,  used  by  the  Roman   witches 

for  fetching  the  moon  out  of  heaven. 

Qu.x>  nunc  Theamllco  lunam  deduccro  rhombo  [$eiec\— 
Martial,  Bpifframt,  ix.  30. 

Rhone  of  Christian  Eloquence 
(The),  St.  Hilary  (300-307). 

Rhone  of  Latin  Eloquence 
(Tlu).  St.  Hilary  is  so  called  by  St. 
Jerome  (300-307). 

Rhongomyant,  the  lance  of  king 
Arthur. —  The  Mabinogion  ("Kilhwch  and 
Olwen,"  twelfth  century). 

Rhyming  to  Death.  In  1  Henry 
VI.  act  i.  sc.  1,  Thomas  Beaufort  duke 
of  Exeter,  speaking  about  the  death  of 

Henry   Y.,    Bays,  "  Must    we    think    that 

the  subtle-witted  French  conjurors  and 
sorcerers,  out,  of  fear  of  him,  '  by  magic 
verses  have  contrived  his  end'?"  The 
notion  of  killing  by  incantation  was  at 
one  time  very  common. 

In  timet]  .  .  .  will  not  stick  to  afflrmo  that  they  -an 
rime  either  man  or  bout  to  tirath  Rnt  Scot,  HUroni  u 
.>/  Witekontfl  (iiii4). 

Ribbon.  The  yellow  ribbon,  ir. 
Fiance,  indicates  that,  the  wearer  has 
won   a  mc'daifle  militaire   (initituted   by 


RIBEMONT. 


828 


RICHELIEU. 


Napoleon  III.)  as  a  minor  decoration  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour. 

The  red  ribbon  marks  a  clievalier  of 
the  Legion  of  Honour.  A  rosette 
indicates  a  higher  grade  than  that  of 
chevalier. 

Ribemont  (3  syl.),  the  bravest  and 
noblest  of  the  French  host  in  the  battle 
of  Poitiers.  He  alone  dare  s  confess  that 
the  English  are  a  brave  people.  In  the 
battle  he  is  slain  by  lord  Audley. 
— Shirley,  Edward  the  3lack  Prince 
(1640). 

Ribemont  (Count),  in  The  lliege  of  Calais, 
by  Colrnan. 

Riccar'do,  commander  of  Plymouth 
fortress,  a  puritan  to  whom  lord  Walton 
has  promised  his  daughter  Elvira  in 
marriage.  Riccardo  learns  that  the  lady 
is  in  love  with  Arthur  Talbot,  and  when 
Arthur  is  taken  prisoner  by  Cromwell's 
soldiers,  Riccardo  promises  to  use  his 
efforts  to  obtain  his  pardon.  This, 
however,  is  not  needful,  for  Cromwell, 
feeling  quite  secure  of  his  position, 
orders  all  the  captives  of  war  to  be 
released.  Riccardo  is  the  Italian  form 
of  sir  Richard  Forth. — Bellini,  I  Puritan* 
(opera,  1834). 

Ricciardetto,  son  of  Aymon,  and 
brother  of  Bradamante. — Ariosto,  Or- 
lando Furioso  (1516). 

Rice.  Eating  rice  with  a  bodkin. 
Amine,  the  beautiful  wife  of  Sidi  Nouman, 
ate  rice  with  a  bodkin,  but  she  was  a  ghoul. 
(See  Amine.) 

Richard,  a  fine,  honest  lad,  by  trade 
a  smith.  He  marries  on  New  Year's  Day 
Meg,  the  daughter  of  Toby  Veck. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Chimes  (1844). 

Richard  (Squire),  eldest  son  of  sir 
Francis  Wronghead  of  Bumper  Hall.  A 
country  bumpkin,  wholly  ignorant  of  the 
world  and  of  literature. — Vanbrngh  and 
Cibber,  The  Provoked  Husband  (1727). 

Robert  Wetherilt  [1708-1745]  came  to  Drury  Lane  a 
boy,  where  he  showed  his  rising  genius  in  the  part  uf 
■  ■  squire  Richard." — Chetwood,  history  of  the  stage. 

Richard  (Prince),  eldest  son  of  king 
Henry  II.— Sir  W.  Scott.  The  Betrothed 
(time,  Henry  II.). 

Richard  "  Coeur  de  Lion,"  introduced 
in  two  novels  by  sir  W.  Scott  (The 
Talisman  and  Ivanhoe).  In  the  latter  he 
first  appears  as  "The  Black  Knight,"  at 
the  tournament,  and  is  called  Le  Noir 
Faineant  or  "  The  Black  Sluggard  ; "  also 
"The  Knight  of  the  Fetter-lock." 


Richard  a  N<(me  of  Terror.  The  nama 
of  Richard  I.,  like  that  of  Attila,  Bona- 
parte, Corvinus,  Narses,  Sebastian,  Tal- 
bot, Tamerlane,  and  other  great  con- 
querors, was  at  one  time  employed  in 
terrorem  to  disobedient  children.  (See 
Names  of  Terror,  p.  675.) 

His  tremendous  name  was  employed  by  the  Syrian 
mothers  to  silence  their  infants  ;  and  if  a  horse  suddenly 
started  from  the  way,  his  rider  was  wont  to  exclaim, 
"Dost  thou  think  king  Richard  is  in  the  bush  f" — Gib- 
bon, Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Homan  Empire,  xi.  146 
(1776-8S). 

The  Daughters  of  Richard  I.  'When 
Richard  was  in  France,  Fulco  a  priest 
told  him  he  ought  to  beware  how  he 
bestowed  his  daughters  in  marriage.  "  I 
have  no  daughters,"  said  the  king. 
"  Nay,  nay,"  replied  Fulco,  "  all  the 
world  knows  that  you  have  three — Pride, 
Covetousness,  and  Lechery."  "  If  these 
are  my  daughters,"  said  the  king,  "I 
know  well  how  to  bestow  them  where 
they  will  be  well  cherished.  My  eldest 
I  give  to  the  Knights  Templars ;  my 
second  to  the  monks  ;  and  my  third,  I 
cannot  bestow  better  than  on  yourself, 
for  I  am  sure  she  will  never  be  divorced 
nor  neglected." — Thomas  Milles,  True 
Nobility  (1610). 

The  Horse  of  Richard  I.,  Fennel. 

Ah,  Fennel,  my  noble  horse,  thou  bleedest,  thou  art 
slain  ! — t'a'ur  de  Lion  and  JIti  Ilor&e. 

The  Troubadour  of  Richard  I.,  Ber- 
trand  de  Born. 

Richard  II.'s  Horse,  Roan  Barbary. 
— Shakespeare,  Richard  II.  act  v.  sc.  5 
(1597). 

Richard  III.,  a  tragedy  by  Shake- 
speare (1597).  At  one  time,  parts  of 
Rowe's  tragedy  of  Jane  Shore  were 
woven  in  the  acting  edition,  and  John 
Kemble  introduced  other  clap-traps  from 
Colley  Cibber.  The  best  actors  of  this 
part  were  David  Garrick  (1716-1779), 
llenrv  Mossop  (1729-1773),  and  Edmund 
Kean"  (1787-1833). 

Richard  III.  was  only  19  years  old  at  the  opening  of 
Shakespeare's  play. — Sharon  Turner. 

Tlte  Horse  of  Richard  III.,  White 
Surrey. — Shakespeare,  Richard  III.  act 
v.  sc.  3  (1597). 

Richard's  himself  again !  These  words 
were  interpolated  by  John  Kemble  from 
Colley  Cibber. 

Richelieu  (Armand),  cardinal  and 
chief  minister  of  France.  The  duke  of 
Orleans  (the  king's  brother),  the  count  de 
Baradas  (the  king's  favourite),  and  other 
noblemen  conspired  to  assassinate  Riche- 
lieu,  dethrone    Louis  X11L,   and  mak« 


RICHLAND. 


829 


IMGIM  M-l  INNIPoS. 


Gaston  duke  of  Orleans  the  regent.    The 

111.. i  waa  revealed  to  the  cardinal  by 
Ifarion  de  Lonne,  in  whose  hon 
conspirators  met  The  conspirators  were 
arrested,  and  several  of  them  pat  t" 
death,  but  <  iaston  dake  of  <  Irleans  turned 
lung's  evidence  and  was  pardoned. — Lord 
Lytton,  Richelieu  (1839). 

Richland  (Miss),  intended  for  Leon- 
tine  Croaker,  l>ut  she  gives  her  hand  in 
marriage  to  Mr.  Honeywood, <(  the  good- 
natured  man,"  who  promises  to  abandon 
his  quixotic  benevolence,  and  to  make  it 
his  study  in  future  "to  reserve  his  pity 

for  real  distress,  liis  friendship  fur  true 
merit,  and  his  love  for  her  who  first 
taught  him    what     it    is    to   be  happy." — 

Goldsmith,  1  ituredMan 

Richmond  (The  duchess  of),  wifejof 

Charles  Stuart,  in  the  court  of  Charles 
II.  The  line  became  extinct,  and  the 
title  was  given  to  the  Lennox  Family. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Richmond  |  The  sari  of),  Henry  of 
Lancaster. — Sir  W.  Sc< >tt,  Anne  of  Cfeier- 
stein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Richmond  Hill  (The  Lass  of),  Miss 

V  Anson  of  Mill  House,  Richmond,  York- 
shire. Words  by  M'Nally  ;  music  by 
James  Hook,  who  married  the  young 
lady. 

I  ha  Leu  of  Richmond  II HI  Is  one  of  tlio  sweetest 
bnlliuU  in  tlie  language. — Julin  Bell. 

Rickets  (Mabel),  the  old  nurse  of 
Prank  Osbaldistone.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob 
Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Eiderhood  (Rogue),  the  villain  in 
Dickens's  novel  of  Our  Mutual  Friend 
(1864). 

Rides  on  the  Tempest  and 
Directs  the  Storm.  Joseph  Addison, 
speaking  of  the  duke  of  Marlborough  and 

his  famous  rictoiies,  sa\  s  that  he  in- 
spired the  fainting  Bquadrons,  and  stood 
unmoved  in  the  shock  of  battle  : 

So  when  in  urn'  :  hj  imne command, 
Wall  ridna  U  i  gnlltj  land. 

Boca  i 

Ami.  pi  rt  top  rl  ■■mi, 

Bidai  on  i -   tanddli        lh<    torm, 

v.ii/n  1,1705). 

%*  The    "tempest"    referred    to    by 

Addison  in  these  lines  is  that  called  "The 

Great  Storm,"  November  26  7,  I7n;!,  the 
moat  terrible   on   record.     The   loss  of 

property   in    London   alone  exceeded   two 

millions    sterling.       Above    B persons 

were     drowned,     12     men-of-war     were 


■  !,  17,000  trees  in  Cent  alone  were 

■  l.  Bddystone  lighthon 
stroyed,  15,1  >wn  into  the 

i  the  bishop  of  Bath  and  Well* 
with  his  wife  were  killed  in  bed  in  theii 
palace  in  Somersi  t-'nirc. 

Ridicide  (Fat  -   Ra- 

belais is  so  st vied  by  sir  William  Ten  j  le 
(1495  L558).  ' 

Ridolphus,    one    of    the    hand     of 
adventurers  that  joined    the  crusaders. 
lie  was  slain  by  Argantes  (bk.  vii.). — 
.  Jerusalem  i 

Rienzi  I  .'■  la  di 

RlBNZI,    last   of   t'ne    tribuni 
sumed  the  name  of  "  Tribune  of  Liberty, 
.  and  Justice  "  (1813   1 
*#*  Com  di  Rienzi  is  the  hero  of  a 
by   lord    Bulwer   Lytton,  entitled 
r  Th    Last  of  the  Barons  \  18  19). 

Rienzi,  an  opera  by  Wagner  (1841).  It 
opens  with  a  number  of  the  <  irsini  break- 
ing into  Rienzi's  house,  in  order  to  abduct 

his  sister    Irene,  hut  in  this  they  are  foiled 

by  the  arrival  of  the  Colonna  and  his  fol- 
lowers. The  outrage  provokes  a  general 
insurrection,  and  Rienzi  is  appointed 
leader.     The    nobles   are    worsted,    and 

Rienzi  bec< ss  a  senator :  bul  thi 

tocracy  hate  him,  and  Paolo  Orsini  seeks 
to  assassinate   him,  hut    without   BUO0) 

By    the    machinations    of   the    German 

emperor  and  the  Colonna.  Rienzi  18  ex- 
communicated and  deserted  by  all  his 
adherents.  lie  is  ultimately  fired  on  by 
the  populace  and  killed  on  the  steps  of 
the  eapitol.     Libretto  by  J.  P.  Jackson. 

Rienzi  (The  English),  William  with 
the  Long  Beard,  at  is  Fitzosbert  (* 

Rigaud  (Mons.),  a  Belgian,  85  years 
of  age,  confined  in  a  villainous  prison  at 
Marseilles  for  murdering  his  wife.     Ho 

had   a   hooked    nose,    handsome    alii  r   its 

kind  hut  too  high  between  I 

his  eyes,  though  sharp,  were  too  near  to 
one  another.  He  was,  howeVCff,  a  large, 
tall    man,  with    thin   lips,  ami    n 

quantity   of    dry   hair   shot    with    red. 

Winn  iie  .-poke,  his  moustache  wenl  up 
Under  his  nose,   and   In-  nose  came   down 

over  his  moustache.    After  his  Liberation 

from    prison,    he    first   took    the    name    of 

•  r,  and   then  of    Llandois,  his  name 

being  Rigaud  Lagnier  Blandoia. — Charles 

,'  >  lis,">7 J. 

Ixurdum-Funnidos,  a  courtier  in 
the  palace  oi  king  <  Ihrononhotonthologoa. 

After  the  death  of  '.he  kin^',  the  wid-»vcd 


RIGHT-HITTING  BRAND. 


830 


RING. 


queen  is  advised  to  marry  -again,  and 
Rigdum-Funuidos  is  proposed  to  her 
as  "  a  very  proper  man."  At  this  Aldi- 
boiontephoscophornio  takes  umbrage,  and 
the  queen  says,  "Well,  gentlemen,  to 
make  matters"  easy,  I'll  have  you  both." 
—  II.  Carey,  Chrononhotonthoiogos  (1734). 
*+*  John  P.allantyne,  the  publisher, 
was  so  called  by  sir  W.  Scott.  He  was 
"a  quick,  active,  intrepid  little  fellow, 
full  of  fun  and  merriment  ...  all  over 
quaintne3S  and  humorous  mimicry." 

Right-Hitting  Brand,  one  of  the 
companions  of  Robin  Hood,  mentioned 
by  Mundy. 

Big'olette  (3  syl.),  a  grisette  and 
courtezan. — Eugene  Sue,  Mysteries  of 
Paris  (1842-3). 

Rigoletto,  an  opera,  describing  the 
agony  of  a  father  obliged  to  witness  the 
prostitution  of  his  own  daughter. — Verdi, 
Rigoletto  (1852). 

%*  The  libretto  of  this  opera  is  bor- 
rowed from  Victor  Hugo's  drama  Le  Rot 
s' A  muse. 

Rimegap  (Joe),  one  of  the  miners  of 
Bir  Geoffrey  Peveril  of  the  Peak.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Rimini  (Francesco  di),  a  woman  of 
extraordinary  beauty,  daughter  of  a  sig- 
nore  of  Ravenna.  She  was  married  to 
Lanciotto  Malatesta  signore  of  Rimini, 
a  man  of  great  bravery,  but  deformed. 
His  brother  Paolo  was  extremely  hand- 
some, and  with  him  Francesca  fell  in 
love.  Lanciotto,  detecting  them  in 
criminal  intercourse,  killed  them  both 
(1889). 

This  tale  forms  one  of  the  episodes  of 
Dante's  Inferno ;  is  the  subject  of  a  tragedy 
called  Francesca  di  Rvninx,  by  Silvio  Pel- 
lico  (1819) ;  and  Leigh  Hunt,  about  the 
game  time,  published  his  Story  of  Rimini, 
in  verse. 

Rimmon,  seventh  in  order  of  the 
hierarchy  of  hell:  (1)  Satan,  (2)  Beelze- 
bub, (3) "Moloch,  (4)  Chcmos,  (5)  Tham- 
muz,  (G)  Dagon,  (7)  Rimmon  whose  chief 
torn  pie  was  at  Damascus  (2  Kings  v.  18). 

Bin  I  Doom]  followed  Klrnmon,  whose  delightful  seat 
Was  fair  Painascus  oil  tlie  fertile  banks 
Of  A/balia  and  Pharphar,  lucid  •UeaSV. 

Milton.  Paradise  lot:,  i.  467.  etc  (1663). 

Rinaldo,  son  of  the  fourth  marquis 
d'Estt,  cousin  of  Orlando,  and  nephew 
of  Charlemagne.  He  was  the  rival  of 
Orlando  in  his  love  for  Angelica,  but 
Angelica  detested  him.     Rinaldo  brought 


an  auxiliary  force  of  English  and  Scotch 
to  Cfiarlemagne,  which  "Silence"  con- 
ducted safely  into  Paris. — Ario6to,  Or- 
lando Furioso  (1516). 

Rinaldo,  the  Achilles  of  the  Christian 
army  in  the  siege  of  Jerusalem.  He  was 
the  son  of  Bertoldo  and  Sophia,  but  was 
brought  up  by  Matilda.  Rinaldo  joined  the 
crusaders  at  the  age  of  15.  Being  sum- 
moned to  a  public  trial  for  the  death  of 
Gernando,  he  went  into  voluntary  exile. 
— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

%*  Pulci  introduces  the  same  character 
in  his  bemesque  poem  entitled  Morganti 
Maggiore,  which  holds  up  to  ridicule  the 
romances  of  chivalry. 

Rinaldo,  steward  to  the  countess  of 
Rousillon.— Shakespeare,  All's  Well  t/iat 
FiuU  Well  (1598). 

Rinaldo  of  Montalban,  a  knight 
who  had  the  "honour"  of  being  a  public 
plunderer.  His  great  exploit  was  stealing 
the  golden  idol  of  Mahomet. 

In  this  same  Mirror  of  Knighthood  we  meet  with 
Rinaldo  de  MonUlhau  and  his  companions,  with  the 
t«t\i-  peers  of  France,  and  Turj.in  the  historian.  .  .  . 
EUnaldo  had  a  broad  face,  and  a  pair  of  large  rolling  eyes ; 
his  complexion  was  ruddy,  and  his  disposition  choleric 
He  was,  besides,  naturally  profligate,  and  a  great  en- 
counger  of  vagrant*. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  1.  1.  1,  6 
(1605). 

Ring  (CorciuTs),  composed  of  six 
different  metals.  It  ensured  the  wearer 
success  in  any  undertaking  in  which  ho 
chose  to  embark. 

"  While  you  have  it  on  your  finger,"  said  the  old  man, 
"  misfortune  shall  fly  from  your  house,  and  nobody  shall 
be  able  to  hurt  you  ;  hut  one  condition  is  attached  to  the 
gift,  which  is  this:  whin  you  have  chosen  for  poanaM  » 
wife,  you  must  remain  faithful  to  her  as  long  a*  she  live*. 
The  moment  MM  neglect  her  fur  Mother,  you  will  lose  the 
ring."— T.  S.  Gueulette,  Chinese  Tales  ("Corcud  and  liu 
Four  Sons,"  1723). 

Ring  (Dame  LiOnes's),  a  ring  given 
by  Dame  Liones  to  sir  Gareth  during  a 
tournament. 

"  That  ring,"  said  Dame  Liones.  "  Increaseth  my  beauty 
much  more  than  it  is  of  itself;  and  this  is  the  virtue  of  my 
ring:  that  which  is  green  it  will  turn  to  red.  and  that 
which  is  red  it  will  turn  green  ;  that  which  is  blue  it  will 
turn  white,  and  that  which  is  white  it  will  turn  blue ;  and 
so  with  all  nUier  colours.  Abo,  whoever  bearath  my  ring 
can  never  lose  blood." — Sir  T.  Malory,  History  of  Print* 
Arthur,  L  146(14711). 

Ring  (Fairy).  Whoever  lives  in  a  house 
built  over  a  fairy-ring  shall  wonderfully 
prosper  in  everything. — Athenian  Oracle, 
l.  3U7. 

Ring  (Luned's).  This  ring  rendered 
the  wearer  invisible.  Luned  or  Lynet 
gave  it  to  Owain,  one  of  king  Arthur's 
knights.  Consequeutly,  when  men  wtN 
sent  to  kill  him  he  was  nowhere  to  be 
found,  for  he  was  invisible. 

Take  this  ring,  and  put  it  on  thy  finger,  with  the  (too* 
Inside  thy  hand ;  and  oou  thy  hand  uivu  the  slum);  and 


RING. 


831 


RINGDOVE. 


a*  long  as  thou  ooncoalert  it.  it  will  conceal  thee. — The 
Mahim  ■jion  ("Lady  of  the  Fountain,"  twelfth  century). 

Rina  (The  Steel)  made  by  Seidel-Beckir. 
This  ririLC  enabled  the  wearer  to  read  the 
secrets  of  another's  heart. — Comte  de 
Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  ("The  Four 
Talismans,"  1743). 

Ring  (The  Talking),  a  ring  given  by 
Tartaro,  the  Basque  Cyclops,  to  a  girl 
whom  he  wished  to  marry.  Immediately 
»he  put  it  on,  it  kept  incessantly  saying, 
u  You  there,  and  I  here ; "  so,  to  get  rid 
of  the  nuisance,  she  cut  off  her  finger  and 
threw  both  ring  and  finger  into  a  pond. 
--Rev.  \V.  Webster,  Basque  Legends,  4 
(187G). 

The  same  story  appears  in  Campbell's 
Popular  Tales  of  the  West  Highlands, 
i.  Ill,  and  in  Grimm's  tale  of  The  Robber 
and  His  Sons.  When  the  robber  put  on 
the  ring,  it  incessantly  cried  out,  "  Here  I 
am;"  so  he  bit  off  his  finger,  and  threw 
it  from  him. 

Ring.  The  Virgin's  Wedding  Ring,  kept 
in  the  Duomo  of  Perugia,  under  fourteen 
locks. 

Ring  Posies. 

aEI  (Greek  for  "always"). 

A  heart  content  Can  ne'er  repent. 

All  for  all. 

All  1  refuse.  And  thee  I  choose. 

Bear  and  forbear. 

Beyond  this  life,  Love  me.  dear  wife. 

l>".  hon  cor.     (Sixteenth  century ;  found  at  York.) 

Heath  never  parts  Such  loving  hearts. 

Dieu  vous  garde. 

En  hon  an.     (Fifteenth  century;  H.  Ellinan.  Esq.) 

Km  boil  foye. 

Endless  niy  love,  As  this  shall  prove. 

For  ever  and  for  aye. 

God  alone  Made  us  two  one. 

God  did  decree  This  unity. 

Cod  tend  me  well  to  keep.     (The  ring  given  by  Henry 

VIII.  to  Anne  of  Cleves.) 
Got  hwar   uns  beid  in  Lieb  und  Leid  ("With  clasped 

hands,"  etc.). 
Heart  and  hand  At  thy  command. 
I  have  obtained  Whom  God  ordained. 
In  love  abide,  Till  death  divide. 
In  loving  thee  I  love  myself. 
In  thee,  my  choice,  I  do  rejoice. 
In  unity  Let's  live  and  die. 
Joined  in  one  By  God  alone. 
Joy  be  with  you  ;  or,  in  French,  Joye  sans  eesse. 
Le  cuer  de  moy.     (Fifteenth  century.     With  Virgdc  aud 

Child.) 
Let  love  increase. 
Let  reason  rule. 
Let  vs  lone  Like  turtle -doue. 
Liue  to  lone,  loue  to  line. 
Live  happy. 
Loue  for  loue. 

I/>ve  alway.  By  night  nnd  day. 
Love  and  respect  I  do  expect. 
Love  is  heaven,  and  heaven  is  love. 
Love  me.  ami  leave  me  not. 
May  God  above  Increase  our  love. 
M.ii  you  live  long 
Mi/pi.h'li  e.  watch -towers 
Mutual  forbearance. 
My  heart  and  1,  Until  I  die. 

My  wille  were.    (Gold  signet-ring,  with  a  cradle  as  devl   •  ) 
Never  news.    (Alianour,  wife  of  tho  duke  of  Some: set) 
No  gift  tan  show  The  love  I  owe. 
Not  two.  but  one.  Till  lii  e  is  gnne. 


Post  spinas  palnia. 

Pray  to  love,  and  love  to  pray. 

Qum.I  Deus  conlurult  homo  non  seporet,  (Sixteenth  cen- 
tury. G   II.  Gower,  Esq.) 

Silence  ends  strife  With  man  and  wife. 

Tecti  lege,  lecta  tege.  (Ring  of  Matthew  Pari* ;  found  at 
Hereford.) 

Till  death  us  depart.  (Margaret,  wife  of  the  eail  of 
Shrewsbury.) 

Till  my  lile's  ende.     (Elizabeth,  wife  of  lord  Latymer.) 

To  enjoy  is  to  obey. 

Tout  pur  vous.    (Fifteenth  century,  with  St.  Christopher  1 

Trcu  und  fest. 

True  love  Will  ne'er  remove. 

Truth  trieth  troth. 

We  join  our  love  In  God  above. 

Wedlock,  'tis  said,  In  heaven  is  made. 

Wheal  this  i  gine,  i  wish  to  liue. 

When  this  you  see,  Remember  me. 

Where  hearts  agree,  There  God  will  be. 

Yours  in  heart. 

Ring  and  the  Book  (77(c),  au 
idyllic  epic,  by  Robert  Browning,  founded 
on  a  cause  ce'lebre  of  Italian  history  m 
1698.  The  case  was  this :  Guido  Fran- 
ceschini.  a  Florentine  count  of  shattered 
fortune,  married  Pompilia,  thinking  her 
to  be  an  heiress.  When  the  young  bride 
discovered  she  had  been  married  for  her 
money  only,  she  told  her  husband  she 
was  no  heiress  at  all,  but  was  only  the 
supposititious  child  of  Pietro  (2  syl.), 
supplied  by  one  Violante,  for  the  sake  of 
keeping  in  his  hands  certain  entailed  pro- 
perty. The  count  now  treated  Pompilia 
so  brutally  that  she  ran  away  from  home, 
under  the  protection  of  Caponsacchi,  a 
young  priest,  and  being  arrested  at  Rome, 
a  legal  separation  took  place.  Pompilia 
sued  for  a  divorce,  but,  pending  the  suit 
gave  birth  to  a  son.  The  count  now 
murdered  Pietro,  Violante,  and  Pompilia, 
but  being  taken  red-handed,  was  brought 
to  trial,  found  guilty,  and  executed. 

Ring  the  Bells  Backwards  ( To) 
to  ring  a  muffled  peal,  to  lament.  Thus, 
John  Cleveland,  wishing  to  show  hia 
abhorrence  of  the  Scotch,  says  : 

How  1  Providence  I  and  yet  a  Scottish  crew  I  .  .  . 
Ring  the  bells  backwards.     I  am  all  on  Are ; 
Not  nil  the  buckets  In  a  country  quire 
Shall  quench  my  rage. 

The  Rebel  Scot  (1613-lGoS) 

Ringdove  (77m?  Swarthy).  The  re- 
sponses of  the  oracle  of  Dodona,  in  Epiros, 
were  made  by  old  women  called  "  pi- 
geons," who  derived  their  answers  from 
the  cooing  of  certain  doves,  the  babbling 
of  a  spring,  the  rustling  of  the  sacred  oak 
[or  beech],  and  the  tinkling  of  a  gong  or 
Bell  hung  in  the  tree.  The  women  were 
called  pigeons  by  a  play  on  the  word 
peliw,  which  means  "old women"  as  well 
as  "  pigeons  ; "  and  as  they  came  from 
Libya  they  were  swarthy. 

According  to  fable,  Zeus  gave  his 
daughter  ThCbe  two  black  doves  en- 
dowed with  the  gift  of  human  speech; 


RINGHORSE. 


RIVALS. 


cne  of  them  flew  into  Libya,  and  the 
other  into  Dodona.  The  former  gave 
the  responses  in  the  temple  of  Ammon, 
and  the  latter  in  the  oracle  of  Dodona. 

.  .  .  beech  or  lime, 
Or  that  Thessalian  growth 
In  which  the  swartb)  ringdove  sat. 
And  mystic  sentence  spoke. 

Tennyson. 

Ringhorse  (SrBdbert),  a  magistrate 

at  Old  St.  Ronan's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St. 
Ronan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Ringwood,  a  young  Templar. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Xiyel  (time,  James 
I.). 

Rmtherout  [Jenny),  a  servant  at 
Monkbarns  to  Mr.  Jonathan  Oldbuck  the 
antiquary.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(time,  George  111.). 

Riou  (Captain),  called  by  Nelson 
"The  Gallant  and  the  Good;"  fell  in 
the  battle  of  the  Baltic. 

Brave  hearts !  to  Britain's  pride 

Once  so  faithful  ami  so  true. 
On  the  deck  of  fa  ue  that  died. 
With  the  gallant,  good  EIoo. 
Campbell,  Battle  of  the  lialtie  (1777-1844). 

R.  I.  P.,  i.e.  requiescat  tn  pace. 

Rip  van  "Winkle  slept  twenty  years 
in  the  Kaatskill  .Mountains  of  North 
America.     (See  WlNKLE.) 

KpimenTdC'S  the  Gnostic  slept  for  fifty- 
seven  years. 

Nourjahad,  wife  of  the  Mogul  emperor 
Geangir,  who  discovered  the  otto  of 
roses. 

Gyneth  slept  500  years,  by  the  enchant- 
ment of  Merlin. 

The  seven  sleepers  slept  for  250  years 
in  mount  Celion. 

St.  David  slept  for  seven  years.  (See 
Okmanihne.) 

(The  following  are  not  dead,  but  only 
sleep  till  the  fulness  of  their  respective 
limes:  —  Elijah,  Endymion,  Merlin,  king 
Arthur,  Charlemagne,  Frederick.  Barba- 
rossa  and  his  knights,  the  three  Tells, 
Desmond  of  Kilmallock,  Thomas  of 
Erceldoune,  Bobadil  el  Chico,  Brian 
Boroimhe,  Knez  Lazar,  king  Sebastian 
of  Portugal,  Olaf  Tryggvason,  the 
French  slain  in  the  Sicilian  Vespers,  and 
mie  or  two  others.) 

Riquet  with  the  Tuft,  the  beau- 
ideal  of  ugliness,  but  with  the  power  of 
bestowing  wit  and  intelligence  on  the 
person  he  loved  best.  Riquet  fell  in  love 
A'ith  a  most  beautiful  woman,  as  stupid 
as  he  was  ugly,  but  possessing  the  power 
nf  giving  beawty  to  the  person  she  loved 


best.  The  two  married,  whereupon  Riquet 
gave  his  bride  wit,  and  she  bestowed  on 
him  beauty.  This,  of  course,  is  an  alle- 
gory. Love  sees  through  a  couleur  de 
rose. — Charles  Perrault,  Contes  des  Fees 
("  Riquet  a  la  Houppe,"  1697). 

***  Thi3  tale  is  borrowed  from  the 
Nights  of  Straparola.  It  is  imitated  by 
Mile.  Villeneuve  in  her  Beauty  and  the 
Beast. 

Risingham  (Bertram),  the  vassal 
of  Philip  of  Morthatn.  Oswald  Wycliffe 
induced  him  to  shoot  his  lord  at  Marston 
Moor  ;  and  for  this  deed  the  vassal  de- 
manded all  the  gold  and  movables  of  his 
late  master.  Oswald,  being  a  villain, 
tried  to  outwit  Bertram,  and  even  to 
murder  him  ;  but  it  turned  out  that  Philip 
of  Morthatn  was  not  killed,  neither  mu 
Oswald  Wycliffe  his  heir,  for  Redmond 
O'Neale  (IJokeby's  page)  was  found  t« 
be  the  son  and  heirof  Philip  of  Mortham. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bokeby  (1812). 

Ritho  or  Rython,  a  giant  who  had 
made  himself  furs  of  the  beards  of  kings 
killed  by  him.  He  sent  to  king  Arthur 
to  meet  him  on  mount  Aravius,  or  else 
to  send  his  beard  to  him  without  delay. 
Arthur  met  him,  slew  him,  and  took 
"fur"  as  a  spoil.  Drayton  says  it  was 
this  Python  who  carried  off  Helena  the 
niece  of  duke  Hoel ;  but  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth  says  that  king  Arthur,  having 
killed  the  Spanish  giant,  told  his  army 
"he  had  found  none  so  great  in  strength 
since  he  killed  the  giant  Ritho  ; "  by 
which  it  seems  that  the  Spanish  giant 
and  Ritho  are  different  persons,  although 
it  must  be  confessed  the  scope  of  the 
chronicle  seems  to  favour  their  identity. 
— Geoffrey,  British  History*  x-  3  (1142). 

As  how  great  Rython's  self  he  f. t  rthur]  slew  .  .  . 
Who  ravished  Howell's  niece,  young  Helena  the  fair. 
Drayton.  Potyolbion,  iv.  (1612). 

Ritsonism,  malignant  and  insolent 
criticism.  So  called  from  Joseph  Ritson 
(1752-1803). 

Rltson's  assertion  must  he  regarded  as  only  an  example 
of  that  peculiar  species  of  malignant  and  brutal  insolence 
in  criti.  ism,  which  ought  from  him  to  be  denominated 
"  Kitsonisin." — R.  SouUiey. 

Rival  Queens  (The),  Sati'ra  and 
Roxa'na.  Statira  was  the  daughter  of 
Darius,  and  wife  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
Roxana  was  the  daughter  of  Oxyartes 
the  Bactrian  ;  her,  also,  Alexander  mar- 
ried. Roxana  stabbed  Statira  and  killed 
her. — N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Great  or  Tits 
Rival  Queens  (1G78). 

Rivals  (The),  a  comedy  by  Sheridan 
(1775).     The  rivals  are   Bob  Acres  and 


RIVER  OF  JUVENESCENCE.         633 


ROB  ROY  M'GKEGOR. 


ensign  Beverley  (alias  captain  Absolute), 
and  Lvdia  Languish  is  the  lady  they 
contend  for.  Bob  Acres  tells  captain 
Absolute  that  ensign  Beverley  is  a 
booby;  and  if  he  could  find  him  cut, 
he'd  teach  him  his  place.  He  sends  a 
challenge  to  the  unknown  by  sir  Lucius 
OTrigger,  but  objects  to  forty  yards, 
and  thinks  thirty-eight  would  suffice. 
When  he  finds  that  ensign  l'.everley  is 
captain  Absolute,  he  declines  to  quarrel 
with  his  friend  ;  and  when  his  second 
calls  him  a  coward,  he  fires  up  and 
exclaims,  "Coward!  Wind,  gentlemen, 
he  calls  me  'a  coward,'  coward  by  my 
valour  !  "  and  when  dared  by  sir  Lucius, 
he  replies,  "I  don't  mind  the  word 
'  coward  ; '  '  coward  '  may  be  said  in  a 
joke  ;  but  if  he  called  me  '  poltroon,'  ods 

da-gers    and    balls "      "Well,    sir, 

what  then?"  "Why,"  rejoined  Bob 
Acres,  "  I  should  certainly  think  him 
very  ill-bred."  Of  course,  he  resigns  all 
claim  to  the  lady's  hand. 

River  of  Juvenescence.  Prester 
John,  in  his  letter  to  Manuel  Comnem.s 
emperor  of  Constantinople,  says  there  is 
a  spring  at  the  foot  of  mount  Olympus 
which  changes  its  flavour  hour  by  hour, 
both  night  and  day.  Whoever  tastes 
thrice  of  its  waters  will  never  know 
fatigue  or  the  infirmities  of  age. 

River  of  Paradise,  St.  Bernard 
abbot  of  Clairvaux  (1091-1153). 

River   of  Swans,  the   Poto'mac, 

United  States,  America. 

Rivers  (The  king  of),  the  Tagus. 

Tapis  they  crossed,  where,  midland  on  Ms  way. 
The  king  of  riven  rolls  his  state!)  stream*. 

Boutuey.  H<xterick,  the  Latt  oj  the  Uotht.  xl.  (1S14>. 

Rivers,  Arise.  ...  In  this  Vaca- 
tion Exercise,  George  Livers  (son  of  sir 
John  Rivers  of  Westerham,  in  Kent), 
with  nine  other  freshmen,  took  tlic  part 
of  the  ten  "  Predicaments,"  while  Milton 
himself  performed  the  part  of  "  Ens." 
Without  doubt,  the  pun  suggested  the 
idea  in  Milton's  Vacation  Exereite{  1627) : 

Rivers,  arise  ;  whether  thou  be  the  son 
Of  utmost  Tweed,  or  Ouse,  or  nilphj  Don, 
or  Treat  who,  llk'' s"""'  earthb  ,r"  -'"it.  spreads 
11,,  thlrtj  srnis  dong  the  Indented  meads, 
'        Or  sullen  Hole  thai  runneth  underneath, 
or  Severn  swift,  guilty  ol  maiden  s  death. 

Or  rOCkj   Avon.  I 

Orcooiy  Tyne,  or  ancient  hallowed  Pee. 

Or  Hiiniber  loud  that  keeps  the  Scythian  n  name, 

Or  Medway  smooth,  or  royal  towered  rham*. 

Rivulet  Controversy  (The)  arose 
against  Rev.  T.T.  Lynoh, a  Congregation- 
aliatwho  in  1S.J3  had  expressed  neologian 
views  in  The  Rivulet,  a  book  of  poems. 


Road  (The  Law  of  the),\n  Bn  • 
is  '-drive  to  the  left,"  the  opposite  of  the 
American  rule.     Hence  the  English  epi- 
gram : 

The  law  of  the  road  la  ■  naradm  quit*. 

In  riding  or  driving  ■ 
If  y<M  'r''  tos8  rignti 

it  you  go  to  Uie  right,  you  go  wrong. 

Road  to  Ruin,  a  comely  by  Thomas 
Holcroft  (1792).  Harry  Domton  and 
his  friend  .lack  Milford  are  on  "  the  road 
to  ruin "  by  their  extravagance.  The 
former  brings  his  father  to  the  eve  of 
bankruptcy  ;  and  the  latter,  having  spent 
his  private  fortune,  is  cast  into  prison  for 
debt.  Sulky,  a  partner  in  the  bank, 
conies  forward  to  save  Mr.  Iiornton  from 
ruin;  Harry  advances  £6000  to  pay  his 
friend's  debts,  and  thus  saves  Milford 
from  ruin;  and  the  father  restores  the 
money  advanced  by  Widow  Warren  to 
his  son,  to  save  Harry  from  the  ruin  of 
marrying  a  designing  widow  instead  of 
Sophia  Fnelove,  her  innocentand  charm- 
ing daughter. 

Roads  (The  king  of),  John  London 
Macadam,  the  improver  of  roads  (1756- 

1836).  .        .      , 

*+*  Of  course,  t!ie  wit  consists  in  the 
pun  (lihodes  and  Roads). 

Roan  Barbary,  the  charger  of 
Richard  II.,  which  would  aat  from  his 
master's  hand. 

Oh  bow  it  yearned  my  heart  when  I  beheld 
in  i    ii  ion  streets  that  coronation  day. 
When  Bolingbroke  rode  on  Roan  Barbary  I 
That  horse  that  thou  to  often  hasl  beatrid; 
That  horse  that  1  so  carefully  have  dressed  1 

Shakespeare,  Bleh  ird  II.  act  v.  sc.  5  (1597). 

Rob  Roy,  published  in  1818,  excel- 
lent for  its  bold  sketches  of  Highland 
scenery.  The  character  of  Bailie  Nicol 
Jarvie  is  one  of  Scott's  happiest  concep- 
tions; and  the  carrying  of  him  to  the 
wild  mountains  among  outlaws  and  des- 
peradoes is  exquisitely  comic.  The  hero, 
Frank  Osbaldistone,  is  no  hero  at  all. 
Dramatized  by  L  Pocock. 

None  of  Scott's  novels  was  mm   i-^|  .ilar    tlmn    /;,.» 
Bow,  ret,  at  a  st..ry,  it  is  the  m.^t  Urn  ■nooctad  and 
■f  the  whole  scries.— Chambers,  Knjluh  Lit*- 
rature.  II.  SS7. 

Rob  Roy  M'Gregor,  ue.  "  Robert 

the  Led,"  whose  surname  was  Mactir.  _-.  r. 
1L  was  an  outlaw,  who  assumed  uie 
name  of  Campbell  in  1662.  He  may 
be  termed  the  Robin  Hood  of  Scotland. 
The  hero  of  the  novel  is  Frank  Osbaldis- 
tone, who  gets  into  divers  troubles,  from 
which  he  is  rescued  by  Rob  Roy.  The 
rvice  is  to  kill  Rashleigh  Osbaldis- 
tone, whereby  Frank's  great  enerr.y  is 
3   H 


ROB  TALLY-HO. 


834 


ROBERT  OF  PARIS. 


removed  ;  and  Frank  then  marries  Diana 
Vemon. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob  Roy  (time, 
George  I.). 

Rather  beneath  the  middle  size  than  above  It,  his 
limbs  were  formed  upon  the  very  strongest  model  that 
Is  consistent  with  <i£ility.  .  .  .  Two  points  in  bis  person 
Interfered  with  the  rules  of  symmetry  :  his  shouMers  were 
too  broad  .  .  and  his  arms  (though  round,  sinewy,  and 
strong)  were  so  very  long  as  to  be  rather  a  deformity. 
— Ch.  xxiii. 

Rob  Tally-ho,  Esq.,  cousin  of  the 
Hon.  Tom  Dashall,  the  two  blades  whose 
rambles  and  adventures  through  the 
metropolis  are  related  by  Pierce  Egan 
(1821-2). 

Rob  the  Rambler,  the  comrade  of 
Willie  Steenson  the  blind  fiddler. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Redyaunttet  (time,  George 
III.). 

Robb  (Duncan),  the  grocer  near 
Ellangowan. — SirW.  Scott,  Guy  Manner- 
iny  (time,  George  II.). 

Robber  {Alexander's).  The  pirate 
who  told  Alexander  he  was  the  greater 
robber  of  the  two,  was  Dionides.  (See 
Evenings  at  Home,  art.  "Alexander 
and  the  Robber.")  The  tale  is  from 
Cicero : 

Nam  quum  quereretur  ex  eo,  quo  scelere  Impulsus 
mare  haberet  infestum  uno  myopnrone:  eodam,  inquit, 
quo  tu  orbem  terrse. — Dc  Stpub.,  in.  14  sec.  H. 

Robber  (Edward  the).  Edward  IV.  was 
bo  called  by  the  Scotch. 

Robert,  father  of  Marian.  He  had 
been  a  wrecker,  and  still  hankered  after 
the  old  occupation.  One  night,  a  storm 
arose,  and  Hubert  went  to  the  coast  to  see 
what  would  fall  into  his  hands.  A  body 
was  washed  ashore,  and  he  rifled  it. 
Marian  followed,  with  the  hope  of  re- 
straining her  father,  and  saw  in  the  dusk 
some  one  strike  a  dagger  into  a  prostrate 
body.  She  thought  it  was  her  father, 
and  when  Robert  was  on  his  trial,  he  was 
condemned  to  death  on  his  daughter's 
evidence.  Black  Norris,  the  real  mur- 
derer, told  her  he  would  save  her  father 
if  she  would  consent  to  be  his  wife  ;  she 
consented,  and  Robert  was  acquitted. 
On  the  wedding  day,  her  lover  Edward 
returned  to  claim  her  hand,  Norris  was 
seized  as  a  murderer,  and  Marian  was 
saved. — S.  Knowles,  The  Daughter 
(1836). 

Robert,  a  servant  of  sir  Arthur  War- 
dour  at  Knockwinnock  Castle.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Robert  (Mons.),  a  neighbour  of  Sgana- 
relle.  Hearing  the  screams  of  Mde. 
Martinc  (Sganarelle's  wife),  he  steps  over 


to  make  peace  between  them,  whereupon 
madame  calls  him  an  impertinent  fool, 
and  says,  if  she  chooses  to  be  beaten  by 
her  husband,  it  is  no  affair  of  his ;  and 
Sganarelle  says,  "Je  la  veux  battre,  si 
je  le  veux ;  et  ne  la  veux  pas  battre,  si 
je  ne  le  veux  pas  ;  "  and  beats  M.  Robert 
again. — Moliere,  Le  Me'decin  Mature'  Lui 
(1666). 

Robert  Macaire,  a  bluff,  free- 
living  libertine.  His  accomplice  is 
Bertrand  a  simpleton  and  a  villain. — 
Daumier,  L'Aubenje  des  Adrets. 

Robert  Street,  Adelphi,  London. 
So  called  from  Robert  Adams,  the 
builder. 

Robert  duke  of  Albany,  brother 
of  Robert  III.  of  Scotland.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Robert  duke  of  Normandy 
sold  his  dominions  to  Rufus  for  10,000 
marks,  to  furnish  him  with  ready  money 
for  *Jie  crusade,  which  he  joined  at  the 
head  of  1000  heavy-armed  horse  and 
1000  light-armed  Normans. — Tasso,  Jeru- 
salem Delivered  (1575). 

Robert  III.  of  Scotland,  introduced 
by  sir  W.  Scott  in  the  Fair  Maid  of  Perth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Robert  le  Diable,  son  of  Bertha 
and  Bertramo.  Bertha  was  the  daughter 
of  Robert  duke  of  Normandy,  and 
Bertramo  was  a  fiend  in  the  guise  of  a 
knight.  The  opera  shows  the  struggle 
in  Robert  between  the  virtue  inherited 
from  his  mother  and  the  vice  inherited 
from  his  father.  His  father  allures  him 
to  gamble  till  he  loses  everything,  and 
then  claims  his  soul,  but  his  foster-sister 
Alice  counterplots  the  fiend,  and  rescues 
Robert  by  reading  to  him  his  mother's 
will. — Meverbeer,  Roberto  ii  Diacolo 
(libretto  by  Scribe,  1831). 

%*  Robert  le  Diable  was  the  hero  of 
an  old  French  metrical  romance  (thir- 
teenth century).  This  romance  in  the 
next  century  was  thrown  into  prose. 
There  is  a  miracle-play  on  the  same 
subject. 

Robert  of  Paris  (Count),  one  of  the 
crusading  princes.  The  chief  hero  of 
this  novel  is  Ilereward  (3  syl.),  one  of  the 
Varangian  guard  of  the  emperor  Alexius 
ComnOnus.  He  and  the  count  fight  a 
single  combat  with  battle-axes ;  after 
which  Ilereward  enlists  under  the  count's 
banner,  and  marries  Bertha  also   called 


ROBERT  THE  DEVIL. 


835 


ROBIN  HOOD. 


Agatha.—  Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Robert  the  Devil  or  Robert  the 
Magnificent,  Robert  I.  duke  of 
Normandy,  father  of  William  "the 
Conqueror  "  (*,  1028-1035). 

Robert  Francois  Damiens,  who  tried  to 
assassinate  Louis  XV.,  waa  popularly  so 
called  (*,  1714-1757). 

Roberts,  cash-keeper  of  Master 
George  Heriot  the  king's  goldsmith. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James 
I.). 

Roberts  (John),  a  smuggler. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redyauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Robespierre's  "Weavers,  the 
fish-fags  and  their  rabble  female  fol- 
lowers of  the  very  lowest  class,  parti- 
zans  of  Robespierre  in  the  lirst  French 
Revolution. 

Robin,  the  page  of  sir  John  Fal- 
staff.— Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor  (lfiOl). 

Robin,  servant  of  captain  Rovewell, 
whom  he  helps  in  his  love  adventure  with 
Arethusa  daughter  of  Argus. — Carey, 
Contrivances  (1715). 

Robin,  brother-in-law  of  Farmer  Crop, 
of  Cornwall.  Having  lost  his  property 
through  the  villainy  of  lawyer  Endless,  he 
emigrates,  and  in  three  years  returns.  The 
ship  is  wrecked  off  the  coast  of  Corn- 
wall, and  Robin  saves  Frederick  the 
young  squire.  On  landing,  he  meets  his 
old  sweetheart  Margaretta  at  Crop's  house, 
and  the  acquaintance  is  renewed  by 
mutual  consent.— P.  Hoare,  No  Sony  no 
Supper  (1790). 

Robin,  a  young  gardener,  fond  of  the 
minor  theatres,  where  he  has  picked  up 
a  taste  for  sentimental  fustian,  but  all 
his  rhapsodies  bear  upon  his  trade. 
Thus,  when  Wilelmina  asks  why  he 
wishes  to  dance  with  her,  he  replies  : 

Ask  the  plants  wliy  they  love  a  shower;  ask  ttio  sun- 
flower why  it  loves  tho  lun  j  a-k  the  snowdrop  why  It  1j 
while;  a^k  the  riolet  why  it  is  blue;  ask  the  trees 
why  they  blossom  ;  tho  cabbages  why  they  t;rnw.  "l'isoll 
because  they  can't  help  It;  DO  more  cao  1  help  nijr  lovo 
for  you.— C.  Dibdin,  l'he  Wafrman,  i.  (1774). 

Robin  (Old),  butler  to  old  Mr.  Ralph 
Morton  of  Milnwood.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Robin  Bluestring.  Sir  Robert 
Walpole  waa  so  called,  in  allusion  to  his 
blue  ribbon  as  a  knight  of  the  Garter 
(1676-1745). 

Robin  Gray  (Auld).    The  words  of 


this  song  are  by  lady  Anne  Lindsay, 
daughter  of  the  earl  of  Balcarres ;  she 
was  afterwards  lady  Barnard.  The  song 
was  written  in  1772  to  an  old  Scotch  tune 
called  The  Bride/room  Grat  when  the  Sun 
gaed  Down.     (See  Gray,  p.  402.) 

Robin  Hood  was  born  at  Locksley, 
in  Notts.,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  (1160). 
His  real  name  was  Fitzooth,  and  it  is 
commonly  said  that  he  was  the  earl  of 
Huntingdon.  Having  outrun  his  fortune, 
and  being  outlawed,  he  lived  as  a  free- 
booter in  Barnsdale  (Yorkshire),  Sher- 
wood (Notts.),  and  Plompton  Park  (Cum- 
berland). His  chief  companions^  were 
Little  John  (whose  name  was  Nailor), 
William  Seadlock  (or  Scarlet),  George 
Green  the  pinder  (or  pound-keeper)  of 
Wakefield,  Much  a  miller's  son,  and 
Tuck  a  friar,  with  one  female  named 
Marian.  His  company  at  one  time  con- 
sisted of  a  hundred  archers.  He  waa 
bled  to  death  in  his  old  age  by  a  relative, 
the  prioress  of  Kirkley's  Nunnery,  in 
Yorkshire,  November  18,  1247,  aged  87 
years. 

%*  An  excellent  sketch  of  Robin 
Hood  is  given  by  Drayton  in  his  Poly- 
olbion,  xxvi.  Sir  W.  Scott  introduces 
him  in  two  novels — Jvanhoe  and  The 
•  Talisman.  In  the  former  he  first  appears 
as  Lockslev  the  archer,  at  the  tourna- 
ment. He"is  also  called  "  Dickon  Bend- 
the-Bow." 

The  following  dramatic  pieces  have  the 
famous  outlaw  for  the  hero: — Robin 
Hood,  i.  (1597),  Munday;  RMn  Hood, 
ii.  (1598),  Chettle;  Robin  Hood  (1741), 
an  opera,  bv  Dr.  Arne  and  Burney  ; 
Robin  Hood  (1787),  an  opera,  by  0'Ke.fe, 
music  bv  Shield  ;  Robin  Hood,  by  Mac- 
nally  (before  L820). 

Major  tells  us  that  this  famous  robbei 
took  away  the  goods  of  rich  men  only  ; 
never  killed  any  person  except  in  self- 
defence  ;  never  plundered  the  poor,  but 
charitably  fed  them;  and  adds,  "he  was 
the  most  humane  ami  tho  prince  of  all 
robbers." — Britannia  Histona,  128  fl740). 
The  abbot  of  St.  Mary's,  in  York,  and 
the  sheriff  of  Nottingham  were  his  bt'U's 
mires.  Munday  ami  Chettle  wrote  a 
popular  play  in  1601,  entitled  Tl\a  Death 
of  Robert  Karl  of  Huntington, 
Epitaph  of  Rt  win  Hood. 

Hear  ondemead  ills  laitl  stran 
L.-Uz  robert  sat)  ol  Hunttngtaa. 

An  plpl  kauld  bo  robin  bent. 

Bios'  utlawl  :ir.  Iii  an  U  men 
Vil  eiudand  nivr  si  Bgaa. 
Obllt  -24  U  14)  kal  dekembruv  1M7. 

Dr.  (Jiile  (dean  of  Yortl 


ROBIN  REDBREAST. 


836 


ROBSART. 


Robin  Rood's  Fat  Friar  was  friar 
Tuck.    . 

Robin  Hood's  Men,  outlaws,  free- 
booters. 

There  came  sodainly  twelve  men  all  appareled  In  short 
eotes  of  Kentish  Kendal  [green]  .  .  .  every  one  of  them 
.  .  .  like  outlaws  or  Eobyn  Hodes  men.— Hall  (/o.  lvi.  6). 

1.  Robin  Hood  in  Barnsdale  Stood,  said 
to  a  person  who  is  not  speaking  to  the 
point.  This  is  the  only  line  extant  of  a 
song  of  great  antiquity,  and  a  favourite 
in  the  law-courts. 

A  case  in  Yelverton  was  alluded  to,  hut  the  court  re- 
marked, "  You  may  as  well  say  by  way  of  inducement  to  s 
traverse,  '  Robin  Hood  in  Barnwood  stood.' " — liuth  v. 
Leake. 

Mes  tout  un  come  U  ustreplie  "  Robin  Whood  in  liarn- 
wood  stood,"  absque  hoc  cj  def.  p.  commandement  sir 
John. —  Witham  v.  Barker. 

Robin  Hood  upon  Greendale  stood. 

State  Trialt,  lil.  634. 

2.  Come,  turn  about,  Robin  Hood,  a  chal- 
lenge in  defiance  of  exceeding  pluck. 

0  Love,  whose  power  and  might 

No  creature  ire  withstood, 
Thou  fuicot  Die  to  write, 

Couue,  turn  about,  Robin  Hood. 

It  it  and  Drollery  (1081). 

3.  Many  talk  of  Robin  Hood  that  never  shot 
in  his  bow,  many  prate  of  things  of 
which  they  have  no  practical  knowledge. 

Herein  our  author  hath  verified  the  proverb,  "  Talking 
at  large  of  Robin  Hood,  in  whose  bow  he  never  shot." — 
Fuller,  Worthies,  315  (1662). 

Molti  parlan  di  Orlando 

Chi  uon  viddero  mai  suo  brando. 

Italian  Prowrh. 

4.  To  sell  Robin  Hood 's  Pennyworths,  sold 
much  under  the  intrinsic  value.  As 
Robin  Hood  stole  his  goods,  he  sold  them 
at  almost  any  price.  It  is  said  that 
chapmen  bought  his  wares  most  eagerly. 

All  men  said  it  became  me  well, 

And  Robin  Hood's  pennyworths  I  did  sell. 

Uandala-Rarnaby. 

Robin  Redbreast.  One  tradition 
is  that  the  robin  pecked  a  thorn  out  of 
the  crown  of  thorns  when  Christ  was  on 
His  way  to  Calvary,  and  the  blood  which 
issued  from  the  wound,  falling  on  the 
bird,  dyed  its  breast  red. 

Another  tradition  is  that  it  carries  in 
its  bill  dew  to  those  shut  up  in  the 
burning  lake,  and  its  breast  is  red  from 
being  scorched  by  the  fire  of  Gehenna. 

He  brings  cool  dew  in  his  litUe  bill. 

Ami  lets  it  tall  on  the  souls  of  sin  ; 
You  can  tea  the  mark  on  bis  red  breast  still. 

Of  tires  that  scorch  as  lie  drops  it  in. 

J.  G.  Whittier,  Tin  Robin. 

Robin  Redbreasts,  Bow  Street 
officers.     So  called  from  their  red  vests. 

Robin  Rouglihead,  a  poor  cottager 
and  farm  labourer,  the  son  of  lord  Lack- 
wit.     On  the  death  of  his  lordship,  Robin 


Roughhead  comes  into  the  title  and 
estates.  This  brings  out  the  best 
qualities  of  his  heart — liberality,  bene- 
volence, and  honesty.  He  marries  Dolly, 
to  whom  he  was  already  engaged,  and 
becomes  the  good  genius  of  the  peasantry 
on  his  estate. — Allingham,  Fortune's 
Frolic. 

Robin  and  Makyne  (2  syl.),  an 
old  Scotch  pastoral.  Robin  is  a  shep- 
herd, for  whom  Makyne  sighs,  hut  he 
turns  a  deaf  ear  to  her,  and  she  goes 
home  to  weep.  In  time,  Robin  sighs  for 
Makyne,  but  she  replies,  "  He  who  wills 
not  when  he  may,  when  he  wills  he  shall 
have  nay." — Percy,  Reliques,  etc.,  II. 

Robin  of  Bagshot,  alias  Gordon, 
alias  Bluff  Bob,  alias  Carbuncle,  alias  Bob 
Booty,  one  of  Macheath's  gang  of  thieves, 
and  a  favourite  of  Mrs.  Peachmn's.— 
Gay,  The  Beyyar's  Opera  (1727). 

Robins  (ZerulAtbel),  in  Cromwell's 
tooop. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time. 
Commonwealth). 

Robinson.  Before  you  can  say,  Jack 
Robinson,  a  quotation  from  one  of  Hud- 
son's songs,  a  tobacconist  that  lived  at 
98,  Shoe  Lane,  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century. 

%*  Probably  Hudson  only  adopted 
the  phrase. 

Robinson  Cru'soe  (2  syl.),  a  tale 
by  Daniel  Defoe.  Robinson  Crusoe  ran 
away  from  home,  and  went  to  sea. 
Being  wrecked,  he  led  for  many  years  a 
solitary  existence  on  an  uninhabited 
island  of  the  tropics,  and  relieved  the 
weariness  of  life  by  numberlew*  con- 
trivances. At  length  he  met  a  human 
being,  a  young  Indian,  whom  h#i  saved 
from  death  on  a  Friday.  He  called  him 
his  "  man  Friday,"  and  made  lum  his 
companion  and  servant. 

Defoe  founded  this  story  on  the  ad- 
ventures of  Alexander  Selkirk,  sailing- 
master  of  the  Cinque  Ports  Galley,  who 
was  left  by  captain  Strad  ling  on  the  desolate 
island  of  Juan  Fernandez  for  four  years 
and  four  months  (1704-1709),  when  he 
was  rescued  by  captain  Woodes  Rogers 
and  brought  to  England. 

Robsart  (Amy),  countess  of  Lei- 
cester. She  was  betrothed  to  Edmund 
Tressilian.  When  the  earl  falls  into 
disgrace  at  court  for  marrying  Amy, 
Richard  Varney  loosens  a  trai-door  at 
Cumnor  Place  ;   and  Amy,   rust  ing  for- 


KOC. 


837 


RODERICK. 


ward  to  greet  her  husband,  falls  into  the 
abyss  ami  is  killed. 

Sir  Hugh  Robaart,  of  Lidcote  Hall, 
father  of  Amy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kcnituorth 
(time,  Elizabeth) 

Roc,  a  white  bird  of  enormous  size. 
Its  strength  is  such  that  it  will  lift  up 
an  ele])li:mt  from  the  ground  and  carry  it 
to  its  mountain  nest,  where  it  will  d 
it.  In  the  Arabian  Nights'  Entertain- 
ments, it  was  a  mc  which  carried 
Sindbad  the  sailor  from  the  island  on 
which  he  had  been  deserted  by  his 
companions  ("  Second  Voyage  ").  And  it 
was  a  roc  which  carried  Agib  from  the 
castle  grounds  of  the  ten  youngmen  who 
had  lost  their  right  eyes  ("The  Third 
Calender's  Story").  Sindbad  Bays  one 
claw  of  the  roc  is  as  "big  as  the  trunk 
of  a  large  tree,"  and  its  egg  is  "  fifty 
paces  [150  feet]  in  circumference." 

%*  The  "  rukh  "  of  Madagascar  lays  an 
egg  equal  to  148  hen's  eggs. — Comptes 
fiendus,  etc.,  xxxii.  101  (lbol). 

Rocco,  the  jailer  sent   with  Fidclio 

(Leonora)  to  dig  the  grave  of  Fernando 

Florestan     ('i-v.).  —  Beethoven,   Fidelia 
(1791). 

Roch'dale  (Sir  Simon),  of  the  manor- 
house,  lie  is  a  J. P.,  but  refuses  to  give 
justice  to  .lull  Thornberry  the  old  brazier, 
who  demands  that  his  son  Frank  Roch- 
dale should  marry  Mary  [Thonilierry], 
whom  he  has  seduced.  At  this  crisis, 
Peregrine  appears,  and  tells  sir  Simon 
he  is  the  elder  brother,  and  as  such  is 
heir  to  the  title  and  estates. 

Frunk  Rochdale,  son  of  the  baronet, 
who  has  promised  to  marry  Mary  Thorn- 
berry,  but  sir  Simon  wants  him  to  marry 
lady  (.'aniline  Braymore,  who  has  £4000 
a  year.  Lady  Caroline  marries  the  Hon. 
Tom  Shuffleton,  and  Frank  makes  the 
1  paration  he  can  by  marrying  Miry. 

-(.;.  Colman,  junior,  John  Bull  (1805). 

Roche's  Bird  (Sir  Boyle),  which 
was  "in  two  places  at  the  same  time." 
The  tale  is  thai  sir  Boyle  Roche  said  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  "Mr.  Speaker, 
it  is  impossible  I  could  nave  been  in  two 

places    at  once,    unless    1     were    a    bird." 

This  is  a  quotation  from  Jevon's  play, 

The  Devil  of  a    Wife   (seventeenth  cen- 
tury). 

I»V«.   I  rannnt  he  In  two  plMM  at  onee. 

Uuiband  (Buwland).  Buret)  no,  diiImi  thou  wrrt  n  bird, 

RocheclifFe  (Dr.  Anthony),  formerly 

Joseph  Albany,  a  plotting  royalist. — Sir 


W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Common- 
wealth). 

Rochester     (The     earl     of),     the 

favourite    of   Charles    II.,    introduo 
high  feather  by  sir  W.  8co0  in  \Y»xlstock, 
and  in  Peveril  of  the  Peak  in  disgrace. 

Rock  (Dr.  Richard),  a  famous 
quack,  who  professed  to  cure  every 
disease.  He  was  short  of  stature  and 
fat,  wore  a  white  three-tailed  wig, 
nicely  combed  and  frizzed  upon  each 
cheek,  carried  a  cane,  and  halted  in  his 
gait. 

Dr.  l:r>r)t,  F.U.N. .  nerer  wore  a  hut.  ...  He  and  I>r. 

Franks  won  at  *artai .  .  .  Bo  k  i  rationed  tlie  world 

to  beware  of  bog-trotting  quacka,  while  i   • 

n^ii     Dum|  lln  Dick."    Head  of  Confudos,  what  iTofa- 

nation  : — <;,  l.l-mith.  A  Citizen  of  the  World  i: 

oil :  when  his  Derroi  bad  once  nceived  i>  shock. 

Sir  isajic  Newton  might  bare 

Crabba,  liuruu-jh  (1810). 

Rock  Lizards,  natives  of  Gibraltar, 
born  in  the  town,  of  British  parents. 

Rocket,    He  rose  t,  and 

fell  l(he  tltc  stick.  Thomas  Paine  said 
this  of  Mr.  Burke. 

Rocnabad,  a  stream  near  the  city  of 
Schiraz,    noted    for    the  purity    of    its 

waters. 

••  I  niii  dJtgmted  with  the  mountain  of  the  Four  Foun- 
tains. '  sai.l  the-  caliph  Omar  ben  abdal-axU;  "ami  am 
reeohed  to  eo  and  drink  of  Uiu  itraam  of  Kocnabad." — 
W.  r.  ckford,  rathti  (irsi). 

Roderick,  the  thirty-fourth  and  last 
of  the  Gothic  kings  of  Spain,  son  of 
Theod'ofred  and  Rosilla.  Having  vio- 
lated Florinda,  daughter  of  count  .Julian, 
he  was  driven  from  his  throne  by  the 
Moors,  and  assumed  the  garb  of  a  monk 
with  the  name  of  "father  Maccabee." 
He  was  present  at  the  great  battle  of 
Covadonga,  in  which  the  .Moors  were  cut 
to  pieces,  but  what  became  of  him  after- 
wards no  one  knows.  His  helm.  BWOrd, 
and  cuirass  were  found,  BO  was   In 

Several  generation  .i«a_\,  when, 

in  a  hermitage  near  ViMu,  a  tomb  was 
discovered,  "which  bore  in  ancient  cha- 
racters king  Roderick's  name ; n  but  im- 
agination must  till  up  the  gap.  He  is 
spoken  of  as  most  popular. 

Whan  no)  a  Ion       wltl  im-neee 

IWoi  «  nam*, 

Lest,  If  i 

The  rengeanoe  of  the  bone  I  multitude 

Should  fall  ad,  and  brand 

VorUb  long  Infamj  the  bring  llpa, 

Souihi).  jiodenct.  etc,  IT.  (1S14). 

/.'   /'  rick's  D  ■:  was  called  Theron. 
/.     I         .':•   /';'   '    .    w  m  <  »rd'io. 

Roderick  /'he  Visionofdon).  Roderick, 
the  last  of    the   Gothic   kings   of    Sjwain. 


RODERICK  DHU. 


838 


RODMOND. 


descended  into  an  ancient  vault  near 
Toledo.  This  vault  was  similar  to  that 
in  Greece,  called  the  cave  of  Triphonios, 
where  was  an  oracle.  In  the  vault 
Roderick  saw  a  vision  of  Spanish  history 
from  his  own  reign  to  the  beginning  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  Period  I.  The 
invasion  of  the  Moors,  with  his  own 
defeat  and  death.  Period  II.  The  Augus- 
tine age  of  Spain,  and  their  conquests  in 
the  two  Indies.  Period  III.  The  oppres- 
sion of  Spain  by  Bonaparte,  and  its 
succour  by  British  aid. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Vision  of  Don  Roderick  (1811). 

Roderick  Dhu,  an  outlaw  and  chief 
of  a  banditti,  which  resolved  to  win  back 
the  spoil  of  the  "  Saxon  spoiler."  Fitz- 
James,  a  Saxon,  met  him  and  knew  him 
pot.  He  asked  the  Saxon  why  he  was 
roaming  unguarded  over  the  mountains, 
and  Fitz-James  replied  that  he  had 
sworn  to  combat  with  Roderick,  the 
rebel,  till  death  laid  one  of  them  pro- 
strate. "Have,  then,  thy  wish!"  ex- 
claimed the  stranger,  "for  I  am  Roderick 
Dhu."  As  he  spoke,  the  whole  place 
bristled  with  armed  men.  Fitz-James 
stood  with  his  back  against  a  rock,  and 
cried,  "  Come  one,  come  all,  this  rock 
shall  fly  ere  I  budge  an  inch."  Sir 
Roderick,  charmed  with  his  daring, 
waved  his  hand,  and  all  the  band  disap- 
peared as  mysteriously  as  they  had  ap- 
peared. Sir  Roderick  then  bade  the  Saxon 
fight,  "For,"  said  he,  "that  party  will 
prove  victorious  which  first  slays  an 
enemy."  "  Then,"  replied  Fitz-James, 
"  thy  cause  is  hopeless,  for  Red  Murdock 
is  slain  already."  They  fought,  how- 
ever, and  Roderick  was  slain  (canto  v.). 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Lady  of  the  Lake 
(1810). 

Roderick  Random,  a  child  of  im- 
pulse, and  a  selfish  libertine.  His  treat- 
ment of  Strap  is  infamous  and  most 
heartless.  —  Smollett,  Roderick  Random 
(1748). 

Rod^erigo  or  Roderi'go  (3  syl.), 
a  Venetian  gentleman  in  love  with  Des- 
demona.  When  Desdemona  eloped  with 
Othello,  Roderigo  hated  the  "noble 
Moor,"  and  Ia'go  took  advantage  of  this 
temper  for  his  own  base  ends. — Shake- 
speare, Othello  (1611). 

Riderigo's  suspicious  credulity  and  Impatient  submis- 
sion to  the  cheats  which  lie  sees  practised  on  him,  and 
wind  i.  by  persuasion,  he  suffers  to  be  repeated,  exhibit 
a  Strong  picture  of  a  weak  mind  betrayed  by  unlawful 
desires  to  a  false  friend.— Dr.  Johnson. 

Rodilardus,  a  huge  cat,  which 
attacked  Panurge,  and  which  he  mistook 


for  M  a  young  soft-chinned  devil."  The 
word  means  "gnaw-lard"  (Latin,  rodire 
lardum). — Rabelais,  Pantagruel,  iv.  67 
(1545). 

He  saw  In  a  fine  painting  the  stories  of  the  most  famous 
cats :  as  Itodillardus  [tic]  hung  by  the  heels  in  a  council  of 
rats,  puss  in  boots,  the  marquis  deCarabas,  Whittington's 
cat,  the  writing  cat,  the  cat  turned  woman,  witches  in 
the  shape  of  cats,  and  so  on. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tola  {••  The  White  Cat,"  1682). 

%*  "  The  marquis  de  CarabaB."  (See 
Pusa  in  Boots.) 

Rodri'go,  king  of  Spain,  conquered 
by  the  Moors.  He  saved  his  life  by 
flight,  and  wandered  to  Guadalete,  where 
he  begged  food  of  a  shepherd,  and  gave 
him  in  recompense  his  royal  chain  and 
ring.  A  hermit  bade  him,  in  penance, 
retire  to  a  certain  tomb  full  of  snakes 
and  toads,  where,  after  three  days,  the 
hermit  found  him  unhurt ;  so,  going  to 
his  cell,  he  passed  the  night  in  prayer. 
Next  morning,  Rodrigo  cried  aloud  to  the 
hermit,  "They  eat  me  now;  I  feel  the 
adder's  bite."  So  his  sin  was  atoned  for, 
and  he  died. 

%*  This  Rodrigo  is  Roderick,  the  last 
of  the  Goths. 

Rodri'go,  rival  of  Pe'dro  "  the  pilgrim," 
and  captain  of  a  band  of  outlaws. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Pilgrim  (1621). 

Rodri'go  de  Mondragon  (Don), 
a  bully  and  tyrant,  the  self-constituted 
arbiter  of  all  disputes  in  a  tennis-court  of 
Valladolid. 

Don  Rodrigo  de  Mondragon  was  about  30  years  of  age, 
of  an  ordinary  make,  but  lean  and  muscular ;  he  had  two 
little  twinkling"eye8,  that  roiled  in  his  head  and  threatened 
everybody  he  looked  at ;  a  very  flat  nose,  placed  between 
red  whiskers  that  curled  up  to  his  very  temples;  and  a 
manner  of  speaking  so  rough  and  passionate  that  hii 
words  struck  terror  into  everybody. — Lesage,  Oil  Mat,  il 
5  (1715). 

Rodhaver,  the  sweetheart  of  Zal  a 
Persian.  Zal  being  about  to  scale  hei 
bower,  she  let  down  her  long  tresses  to 
assist  him,  but  Zal  managed  to  fix  his 
crook  into  a  projecting  beam,  and  thus 
made  his  way  to  the  lady  of  his  devotion. 
— Champion,  Ferdosi. 

Rodmond,  chief  mate  of  the  Bri- 
tannia, son  of  a  Northumbrian  engaged 
in  the  coal  trade  ;  a  hardy,  weather-beaten 
seaman,  uneducated,  "boisterous  of  man- 
ners," and  regardless  of  truth,  but  tender- 
hearted. He  was  drowned  when  the  ship 
struck  on  cape  Colonna,  the  most  southern 
point  of  Attica. 

Unskilled  to  argue,  in  dispute  yet  loud. 
Bold  without  caution,  without  honours  proud- 
In  art  unschooled,  each  veteran  rule  he  prized. 
And  oil  improvement  haughtily  despised. 

Falconer.  The  Sltirwreck.  I  (17MI.    | 


RODOGUNE. 


839 


ROM  A. 


Ro'dogune,  Rhodogune,  orRho'- 
dogyne  (8  *//••),  danghtei  of  1'hraa'tes 
king  of  I'artlii.i.  She  married  Deme'triua 
Nica'nor  (the  husband  of  I  Heopat'ra  queen 
of  Syria)  while  in  captivity.    (See  p.  196.) 

%*  1*.  Corneille  has  a  tragedy  on  the 
■nbject,  entitled  Ilodoijune  (1G4G). 

Rodolfo  \I1  conte).  It  is  in  the  bed- 
chamber of  this  count  that  Ami'na  is 
discovered  the  night  before  herespoaBa] 
to  Elvi'no.  Ogly  suspicion  is  excited, 
hut  the  count  assures  the  young  fanner 
that  Amina  walks  in  her  sleep.  While 
they  are  talking,  Amina  is  seen  to  get 
out  of  a  window  and  walk  along  a  narrow 
edge  of  the  mill-roof  while  the  huge 
wheel  is  rapidly  revolving.  She  crosses 
a  crazy  bridge,  and  walks  into  the  very 
midst  of  the  spectators.  In  n  few  minutes 
she  awakes,  and  flies  to  the  arms  of  her 
lover. — Bellini,  La  Sonnarnbula  (opera, 
1831). 

Rodomont,  king  of  Sarza  or  Algiers. 
He  was  Ulien's  son,  and  called  the  "  Mars 
of  Africa."  His  lady-love  was  Dor'alis 
princess  of  GranaMa,  but  she  eloped  with 
Alandricardo  king  of  Tartarv.  At 
Rogero's  wedding,  Rodomonl  accused  him 
of  being  a  renegade  and  traitor,  where- 
upon they  fought,  and  Rodomont  was 
slain. —  Orlandu  Innmnorato  (1405)  ;  and 
Orlando  Furioso  ( 1  5  1  (i ) . 

Who  so  meek?  I'm  jure  I  quake  at  the  very  thought  of 
him  ;  why,  lie's  as  fierce  as  Uodomoiit  I — Urjden,  fljpmrti> 
tYyar,  y.  2  (1680). 

%*  Rodomontade  (4  si//.),  from  Ro- 
domont, a  bragging  although  a  brave 
knight. 

Rogel  of  Greece  (The  Exploits  and 
Adventures  of),  part  of  the  Benes  called 
Le    Iioman    aes    Romans,    pertaining    to 

"  Am'adis  of  Gaul."    This  part  was  added 
by  Feliciano  dc  Silva. 

Roger,  the  cook,  who  "  cowde  roste, 
sethe,  broillc,  and  frie,  make  mortreux, 
and  wel  bake  a  pve." — Chaucer,  Canter- 
bury Tales  ( 1 

Soger  (Sir),  curate  to  "The  Scornful 
Lady  "  (no  name  given). — Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Scornful  Lady  (1616). 

Roger  Bontemps,  the  personation 
of  contentment  with  his  station  in  life, 
iml  of  the  buoyancy  of  good  hope. 
"There's  a  good  time  coming,  John." 

Ynu.  p.iiivnv  |  It-ins  aYnyl4  ; 

Vims  rich,  dtili Mil : 
Von-  donl  loci 

April  an  noun  hi  an  a ; 
Ton  qui  nerdm  i»«it«ir» 

I)m  inn*  n  iMtMin  ; 


Kh  I  gal  I  pMBM  i^our  m:i1tr«j 
Le  Kru*  Kouer  Bontampii 

avCCTO-UHl 

Ye  pcT.  with  enry  Rondel ; 

Ye  rich,  for  mora  wi,o  loug; 
Te  who  b]  fortune  luaded 

Find   d  *ronf; 

Ye  who  bj 

vk  ; 
Fr henceforth  (or  jour  master 

hink  Bogai  Boatanpl  take. 

Roger  de  Coverley  (Sir),  an 
hypothetical  baronet  of  Coverley  or 
Cowley,  mar  Oxford. — Addison,  The 
Spectator  (17.11,  1712,  1714). 

%*  The  irretotype  of  this  famous 
character  wan  sir  John  Pakington,  seventh 
baronet  of  the  line. 

Roge'ro,  brother  of  Marphi'sa; 
brought  up  by  Atlantes  a  magician. 
lie  married  lirad'amant,  the  nil 
Charlemagne.  Rogero  was  converted  to 
Christianity,  and  was  baptized.  His 
marriage  with  Bradamani  and  his  election 
to  the  crown  of  Bulgaria,  concludes  the 
poem. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Purioeo  (1516). 

Who  more  hmve  than  Kodomont  ?  who  more  courteous 
than  Rogero  t— Cervantes,  lion  (Juixote,  I.  L  (1G05)- 

Roge'ro,  son  of  Roberto  Guiscardo  the 

Norman.      Slain  by  Tisaplunu  s.— 
Jerusalem  J  kin  i  nd,  x.x.  (1675). 

'ro  (3  syl.).  a  gentleman  of  Sicilia. 
—  Shakespeare,  The  Winter's  Tale  (1604). 

%*  This  is  one  of  those  characters 
which  appeal  in  the  dramatis  pern  no, 
but  are  never  introduced  in  the  play. 
Rogero  not  only  does  not  Otter  a  word,  he 
does  not  even  enter  the  Btage  all  through 
the  drama.  In  the  Globe  edition  his 
name  is  omitted.     (See  Yioi.knta.) 

Roget,  the  pastoral  name  of  G 
Wither   in   the  four  "eglognea,"        •  I 
nds    Hunting   (1616).      The 

tirM    and    la>t    "eglogUeSn   are   dialogius 

between    Roget   and    ^N* i 1 1  _>-    his   young 

friend  ;   in   the  second    pastoral   Cuddy  is 

introduced,  and  in  the  third  Alexia  makes 
a  fourth  character.  The  subject  of  the 
tirst  three  is  the  reason  of  Roget'i  im- 
prisonment, which,  he  «ays,  is  a  hunt  that 
gave  great  offence.    This  hunt  is  in  ■ 

a   satire   rail.   .  Jtript  and    > 

The  fourth  pastoral  has  for  its  subject 
I  s lo\ e  of  poetry. 

%•  "Willy"  is  bis  friend  William 
Browne  Of  the    Inner  Temple  (two  years 

his  junior),  author  of  Britannia' t 
(orals. 

Roho,  the  camphor  tree.  ''The  juice 
of  the  camphor  is  made  to  run  out  from  i 
wound  at  the  top  of  the  tree,  and  being 


ROI  PANADE. 


840 


ROLANDO. 


received  in  a  vessel,  is  allowed  to  harden 
in  the  sun."— Arabian  Nights  ("  Sindbad's 
Second  Voyage"). 

Roi  Panade  ("  king  of  slops  "),  Lonis 
XVIII.  (1755,  1814-1824). 

Roister  Doister  {Ralph),  a  vain, 
thoughtless,  blustering  fellow,  in  pursuit 
of  Custance  a  rich  widow,  hut  baffled  in 
his  endeavour. — Nicholas  Udall,  Ralph 
Roister  Doister  (the  first  English  comedy, 
1634). 

Rokesmith  (John),  alias  John 
Harmon,  secretary  of  Mr.  Boffin.  He 
lodged  with  the  Vi'ilfers,  and  ultimately 
married  Bella  Wilfer.  John  Rokesmith 
is  described  as  "a  dark  gentleman,  30 
at  the  utmost,  with  an  expressive,  one 
might  say,  a  handsome  face." — Dickens, 
Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

%*  For  solution  of  the  mystery,  see 
vol.  I.  ii.  13. 

Ro'land,  count  of  Mans  and  knight 
of  Blaives.  His  mother,  Bertlia,  was 
Charlemagne's  sister.  Roland  is  n  pre- 
sented as  brave,  devotedly  loyal,  unsus- 
picious, and  somewhat  too  easily  imposed 
upon.  He  was  eight  feet  high,  and  had 
an  open  countenance.  In  Italian  romance 
he  is  called  Orlan'do.  He  was  slain  in 
the  valley  of  Roncesvalles  as  he  was 
leading  the  Tear  of  his  uncle's  army  from 
Spain  to  France.  Charlemagne  himself 
had  reached  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port  at  the 
time,  heard  the  blast  of  his  nephew's 
horn,  and  knew  it  announced  treachery, 
but  was  unable  to  render  him  assistance 
(a.d.  778). 

Roland  is  the  hero  of  The'roulde's 
Chanson  de  Roland;  of  Turpin's  Ckronique ; 
of  Bojardo's  Orlando  Innamorato  ;  of 
Ariosto's  Orlando  Furioso ;  of  Piccini's 
opera  called  Roland  (1778)  ;  etc. 

Roland's  Horn,  Olivant  or  Olifant. 
It  was  won  from  the  giant  Jatmund,  and 
might  be  heard  at  the  distance  of  thirty 
miles.  Birds  fell  dead  at  its  blast,  and  the 
whole  Saracen  army  drew  hack  in  terror 
when  they  heard  it.  So  loud  it  sounded, 
that  the  blast  reached  from  Roncesvalles 
to  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port,  a  distance  of 
several  miles. 

Roland  lifts  Olifant  to  his  mouth  and  blows  It  with  all 
hi*  might  The  mountains  around  are  lofty,  but  high 
above  them  the  sound  of  the  horn  arises  [at  the  third 
Must,  it  tpUt  in  twain]. — Song  0/  fig/and  las  sung  by 
Taillefer.  at  the  battle  of  Hastings).  See  Warton,  His- 
tory of  Kmjtuh   Voelry.  T.  1,  sect.  iii.  132  (1781). 

Roland's  Horse,  Veillantif,  called  in 
Italian  V'eglian'tino  ("  the  little  vigilant 
one"). 


In  Italian  romance,  Orlando  has  another 
horse,  called  Brigliado'ro  ("  golden 
bridle"). 

Roland's  Spear.  Visitors  are  shown  a 
spear  in  the  cathedral  of  Pa'via,  which 
they  are  told  belonged  to  Roland. 

Roland's  Sword,  Duran'dal,  made  by 
the  fairies.  To  prevent  its  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  enemy  when  Roland 
was  attacked  in  the  valley  of  Ronces- 
valles, he  smote  a  rock  with  it,  and  it 
made  in  the  solid  rock  a  fissure  some 
300  feet  in  depth,  called  to  this  day  La 
Breche  de  Roland. 

Then  would  I  seek  the  Pyrenean  breach 

Which  Roland  clove  with  huge  two-handed  sway. 

And  to  the  enormous  labour  left  bis  name. 

Wordsworth. 

%*  A  sword  is  shown  at  Rocamadour, 
in  the  department  of  Lot  (France),  which 
visitors  are  assured  was  Roland's  Duran- 
dal.  But  the  romances  say  that  Roland, 
dying,  threw  his  Bword  into  a  poisoned 
stream. 

Death  of  Roland.  There  is  a  tradition 
that  Roland  escaped  the  general  slaughter 
in  the  defile  of  Roncesvalles,  and  died  of 
starvation  while  trying  to  make  his  way 
across  the  mountains. — John  de  la  Bruiero 
Champier,  De  Cibaria,  xvi.  5. 

Died  like  Roland,  died  of  thirst. 

Nonnulli  qui  de  Gallicis  rebus  hlstorhu  conscrlpsenmt, 
non  dubitarunt  posteris  significare  Rolandum  OaroU  Dltul 
magni  sororis  filium.  virum  ctrte  bellica  gloria  ornniqua 
fortitudine  nobillissimum,  post  tngentem  Hispanorum 
csedem  prope  Fyreua;i  saltus  juga,  ubi  insidise  ab  hosts 
collocatrc  fuerint,  siti  ini.serrinie  extinctum.  Inde  nostri 
Intolerabili  siti  at  immiti  volrntes  siguiticare  se  torqueri, 
facete  aiunt  "  Rolandi  morte  se  perire." — John  de  la 
Bruiere  Champier,  De  Cibaria,  xvi.  5. 

Roland  (The  Roman).  Sicinins  Den- 
tfitus  is  so  called  by  Niebuhr.  He  is 
not  unfrequently  called  "The  Roman 
Achilles  "  (put  to  death  B.C.  450). 

Roland  and  Oliver,  the  two 
most  famous  of  the  twelve  paladins  of 
Charlemagne.  To  give  a  "  Roland  for  an 
Oliver  "  is  to  give  tit  for  tat,  to  give 
another  as  good  a  drubbing  as  yon 
receive. 

Froissart.  a  countryman  of  ours  [the  Frinch\  records, 
England  all  Olivers  and  Rowlands  bred 
During  the  time  Edward  the  Third  did  reign. 

Shakespeare,  1  Henry  VI.  act  i.  sc  2  (1589). 

Roland  de  Vaux  (Sir),  baron  of 
Triermain,  who  wakes  Gyneth  from  her 
long  sleep  of  500  years,  and  marries  her. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  Bridal  of  Triermain 
(1813). 

Rolando  (Signor),  a  common  railer 
against  women,  but  brave,  of  a  "happy 
wit  and  independent  spirit."  Rolando 
swore  to  marry  no  woman,  but  fell  in 
love  with    Zam'ora,    and    married    hex, 


ROLANDSECK  TOWEK. 


841 


liOMAN  DES  ROMANS. 


declaring  "she  was  no  woman  but  an 
angel."  —  J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon 
(1804). 

The  resemblance  between  Rolando  and 
Benedick  will  instantly  occur  to  the 
mind. 

Rolandseck  Tower,  opposite  the 
Drachenfels.  Roland  was  engaged  to 
Aude,  daughter  of  sir  Gerard  and  lady 
Guibourf; ;  but  the  lady,  being  told  that 
Roland  had  been  slain  by  AngoulalTre  the 
Saracen,    retired     to    a    convent.      The 

faladin  returned  home  full  of  glory, 
aving  slain  the  Saracen,  and  when  he 
heard  that  his  lady-love  had  taken  the 
veil,  he  built  Rolandseck  Castle,  which 
overlooks  the  convent,  that  he  might  at 
least  see  the  lady  to  whom  he  could  never 
be  united.  After  the  death  of  Aude, 
Roland  "sought  the  battle-field  again, 
and  fell  at  Roncevall." — Campbell,  The 
Brave  Roland. 

Roldan,  "  El  encantado,"  Roldan 
made  invulnerable  by  enchantment.  The 
cleft  "  Roldan,"  in  the  summit  of  a  high 
mountain  in  the  kingdom  of  Valencia, 
was  so  called  because  it  was  made  by  a 
single  back-stroke  of  Roldan's  sword. 
The  character  is  in  two  Spanish  romances, 
authors  unknown. — Bernardo  del  Carpio 
and  Roncesvalles. 

This  hook  \Rinnldo  de  Montnlban\  and  all  others 
written  on  French  matters,  shall  be  deposited  in  some  dry 
place  .  .  .  except  one  called  Bernardo  del  Cari  i>>.  and 
another  called  fioncivallrs.  which  shall  certainly  accom- 
pany the  rest  on  the  bonfire. — Cervantes,  Dun  Quixote,  I. 
L  6  (1605). 

Rolla,  kinsman  of  the  inca  Atali'ba, 
and  the  idol  of  the  army.  "  In  war  a 
tiger  chafed  by  the  hunters'  spears  ;  in 
peace  more  gentle  than  the  nnweaned 
iamb"  (act  i.  1).  A  firm  friend  and 
most  generous  foe.  Rolla  is  wounded  in 
his  attempt  to  rescue  the  infant  child  of 
Alonzo  from  the  Spaniards,  and  dies. 
His  grand  funeral  procession  terminates 
the  drama. — Sheridan,  Bizarro  (altered 
from  Kotzcbuo,  \1W). 

John  Kemble  and  two  friends  were  rctumlne,  to  town 
In  an  open  carriage  from  lord  Abercora'a,  and  came  to  ■ 
toll-bar.  As  the  toll-keeper  and  bis  daughter  wore  fum- 
bling for  change,  Kemble  crii  d  out,  In  the  words  of  Rolla 

to  the  army."  We  leek  no  le  I  I    "f  all  such 

■taupe  as  they  would  bring  us"  lact  ii.  Ii). — S.  Kogers, 
Kbit  Talk  \ISM). 

Boiling  Stone. 

The  stone  that  Is  rolling  can  Rather  no  moss  ; 
For  master  and  m  r\  . 

X.  Tu^ser,  77m)  Points  <\<  ffunetfery  I"  Admo- 
nitions" -".  i 

Hollo,    duke    of    Normandy,    called 

u  The  Bloody  Brother."     lie  cacsed  the 

death    of    his    brother    Otto,    and    slew 

several  others,  some  out  of  mere  wanton- 

36 


ness. —  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Bloody  Brother  (1G39). 

Roman  {'The),  Jean  Dumont,  the 
French  painter,  Le  Romain  (1700-1781). 

Sb  phen  Picart,  the  French  engraver, 
Le  Romain  (1631-1721). 

Giulio  I'ipi'i,  called  Giulio  Romano 
(1492-1546). 

Adrian  van  Roomen,  mathematician, 
Adriunus  Romanus  (1561-1615). 

Roman  Achilles,  Sicinius  Denta- 
tus  (slain  B.C.  450). 

Roman  Bird  (The),  the  eagle,  the 
distinctive  ensign  of  the  Roman  legion. 

Roman  Brevity.  Caesar  imitated 
laconic  brevity  when  he  announced 
to  Amintius  his  victory  at  Zela,  in  Asia 
Minor,  over  Pharna'ces,  son  of  Mithri- 
datus  :    Veni,  vidi,  vici. 

Poins.  I  will  imitate  Uie  honourable  Roman  In  brerirj. 
—Shakespeare,  2  Henry  IV.  act  ii.  sc.  2  [MBS), 

Sir  Charles  Napier  is  credited  with  a 
far  more  laconic  despatch  on  making 
himself  master  of  Scinde  in  1848.  Taking 
possession  of  Hyderabad,  and  outflank- 
ing Shore  Mohammed  by  a  series  of  most 
brilliant  manoeuvres,  he  is  said  to  have 
written  home  this  punning  despatch  : 
Peocavi  ("I  have  sinned"  [Scinde]). 

Roman  Father  (The),  Horatius, 
father  of  the  Iloratii  and  of  Horatia. 
The  story  of  the  tragedy  is  the  well- 
known  Roman  legend  about  the  Iloratii 
and  Curiatii.  Horatius  rejoices  that  his 
three  sons  have  been  selected  to  re] 
Rome,  and  sinks  the  affection  of  the 
father  in  love  for  his  country.  Horatia 
is  the  betrothed  of  Cains  Curiatius,  but  is 
also  beloved  by  Valerias,  and  when  the 
Curiatii  arc  selected  to  oppose  her  three 
brothers,  she  semis  Valerius  to  him  with 
a  scarf  to  induce  him  to  fight; 

Cains  declines,  and  is  slain.  Horatia  is 
distracted;  they  take  from  her  every 
instrument  of  death,  and  therefore  she 
;  es  to  provoke  her  surviving  brother, 
Publius,  to  kill  her.  Meeting  him  in 
his  triumph,  she  rebukes  him  for  murder- 
ing her  lovt  I .  his  "  patriotism," 
and  Publius  kills  her.  Horatius  now 
resigns  Publius  to  execution  for  murder, 
but  the  king  and  Roman  people  rescuo 
him.— W.  Whitehead  (1711). 

*^*  Corneille  has  a  drama  on  the  same 
subject,  called  Let  Horaces  (1G39). 

Roman    des    Romans    [1         -v 
ol  prose  romances  connected  with 
Am'adis  of  Gaul.     So  called   by  Gilbert 
Saunier. 


ROMANS. 


842 


ROMUALD. 


Romans  (Last  of  the),  Rienzi  the 
tribune  (1310-1351). 

Charles  James  Fox  (1740-1806). 

Horace  Walpole,  Ultimus  Romanoram 
(1717-1707). 

Caius  Cassius  was  so  called  by  Brutus. 

The  last  of  nil  the  Romans,  fare  thee  well  1 
It  i^  impossible  that  ever  Koine 
Should  breed  thy  fellow. 
Shakespeare,  Juliw  Ctesar,  act  v.  sc  3  (1607). 

Romans  (Most  Learned  of  the),  Marcus 
Terentius  Varro  (b.c.  116-28). 

Romance  of  the  Rose,  a  poetical 
allegory,  begun  by  Gaillaume  di  Lorris  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
and  continued  by  Jean  de  Meung  in  the 
former  half  of  the  fourteenth  century. 
The  poet  dreams  that  Dame  Idleness  con- 
ducts him  to  the  palace  of  Pleasure, 
where  he  meets  Love,  whose  attendant 
maidens  are  Sweet-looks,  Courtesy, 
Youth,  Joy,  and  Competence,  by  whom 
he  is  conducted  to  a  bed  of  roses.  He 
singles  out  one,  when  an  arrow  from  Love's 
how  stretches  him  fainting  on  the  ground, 
and  he  is  carried  off.  When  he  comes  to 
himself,  he  resolves,  if  possible,  to  find  his 
rose,  and  Welcome  promises  to  aid  him  ; 
Shyness,  Fear,  and  Slander  obstruct  him, 
and  Reason  advises  him  to  give  up  the 
quest.  Pity  and  Kindness  show  him  the 
object  of  his  search  ;  but  Jealousy  seizes 
Welcome,  and  locks  her  in  Fear  Castle. 
Here  the  original  poem  ends.  The  Bequel, 
somewhat  longer  than  the  twenty-four 
books  of  Homer's  Iliad,  takes  up  the  tale 
from  this  point. 

Roma'no,  the  old  monk  who  took 
pity  on  Roderick  in  his  flight  (viii.), 
and  went  with  him  for  refuge  to  a  small 
hermitage  on  the  sea-coast,  where  they 
remained  for  twelve  months,  when  the 
old  monk  died. — Southcv,  Roderick,  the 
Last  of  the  Goths,  i.,  ii.  (1*814). 

Rome  Does  (Do  as).  The  saying 
originated  with  St.  Ambrose  (fourth 
century).  It  arose  from  the  following 
diversity  in  the  observance  of  Saturday  : — 
The  Milanese  make  it  a  feast,  the  Romans 
a  fast.  St.  Ambrose,  being  asked  what 
should  be  done  in  such  a  case,  replied,  "  In 
matters  of  indifference,  it  is  better  to  be 
guided  by  the  general  usage.  When  I  am 
at  Milan,  I  do  not  fast  on  Saturdays,  but 
when  I  am  at  Rome,  I  do  as  they  do  at 
Rome." 

Rome  of  the  Worth.  Cologne  was 
so  called  (says  Hope)  in  the  Middle  Ages, 
from  its  wealth,  power,  and  ecclesiastical 
foundations. 


Rome  Saved  by  Creese.  When 
the  Gauls  invaded  Rome,  a  detachment 
in  single  file  scaled  the  hill  on  which  the 
capitol  stood,  so  silently  that  the  fore- 
most man  reached  the  summit  without 
being  challenged ;  but  while  striding 
over  the  rampart,  some  sacred  geese  were 
disturbed,  and  by  their  cackle  aroused 
the  guard.  Marcus  Manlius  rushed  to 
the  wall,  and  hustled  the  Gaul  over,  thus 
saving  the  capitol. 

A  somewhat  parallel  case  occurred  in 
Ireland  in  the  battle  of  Glinsaly,  in 
Donegal.  A  party  of  the  Irish  would 
have  surprised  the  protestants  if  some 
wrens  had  not  disturbed  the  guards  by 
the  noise  they  made  in  hopping  about  the 
drums  and  pecking  on  the  parchment 
heads. — Aubrey,  Miscellanies,  45. 

Ro'meo,  a  son  of  Mon'tague  (3  syl.), 
in  love  with  Juliet  the  daughter  of 
Cap'ulet ;  but  between  the  houses  of  Mon- 
tague and  Capulet  there  existed  a  deadly 
feud.  As  the  families  were  irreconcilable, 
Juliet  took  a  sleeping  draught,  that  she 
might  get  away  from  her  parents  and  elope 
with  Romeo.  Romeo,  thinking  her  to  be 
dead,  killed  himself ;  and  when  Juliet 
awoke  and  found  her  lover  dead,  she  also 
killed  herself. — Shakespeare,  Romeo  and 
Juliet  (1508). 

Fox  said  that  Barry's  "  Romeo"  was 
superior  to  Garrick's  (S.  Rogers,  Table 
Talk).  Fitzgerald  says  that  Barry  was 
the  superior  in  the  garden-scenes  and  in 
the  first  part  of  the  tomb,  hut  Garrick 
in  the  scene  with  the  "friar"  and  in  the 
dying  part. 

Romeo  and  Juliet,  a  tragedy  by 
Shakespeare  (1508).  The  tale  is  taken 
from  Rhomeo  and  Julietta,  a  novel  by 
Boistean  in  French,  borrowed  from  an 
Italian  story  by  Bandelio  (15p4). 

In  1562  Arthur  Brooke  produced  the 
same  tale  in  verse,  called  The  Traaicall 
History  of  Romeus  and  Juliet.  In  1567 
Painter  published  a  prose  translation  of 
Boisteau's  novel. 

Romp  (The),  a  comic  opera  altered 
from  Biekerstaff's  Love  in  the  City.  I'ri  — 
cilia  Tomboy  is  "the  romp,"  and  the  plot 
is  given  under  that  name. 

A  splendid  portrait  of  Mrs.  Jordan.  In  her  character  ot 
"The  Romp,  hung  over  the  mantelpiece  in  the  dining- 
room  [of  Adolphtu  l-'inclarcnceL — Lord  W.  P.  Leunoi, 
Celcbritiet.  etc..  I.  11. 

Rom'uald  (St).  The  Catalans  had  a 
great  reverence  for  a  hermit  so  called,  and 
hearing  that  he  was  about  to  quit  their 
country,  called  together  a  parish  meeting, 


ROMULA. 


843 


ROSA. 


to  consult  how  they  might  best  retain  him 
amongst  Ihcm,  "  For,"  said  they,  "he 
will  certainly  be  consecrated,  and  his 
relics  will  bring  a  fortune  to  us."  So 
they  agreed  to  strangle  him  ;  but  their 
intention  being  told  to  the  hermit,  he 
secretly  made  his  escape. — St.  Foix, 
Essais  I/istoriques  sur  Paris,  v.  1G3. 

%*  Southey  has  a  ballad  on  the  sub- 
ject. 

Rom'ola,  the  heroine  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  George  Eliot  (Mrs.  Lewes). 
Komula  married  Tito  Mcl'ema,  a  Greek. 
(Brought  out  in  Cornhill  Magazine.) 

Romulus  (The  Second  and  Third), 
Camillus  and  Marius.  Also  called  "  The 
Second  and  Third  Founders  of  Rome." 

Romulus  and  Remus,  the  twin 
sons  of  Silvia  a  vestal  virgin  and  the 
god  Mars.  The  infants  were  exposed  in 
a  cradle,  and  the  Hoods  carried  the  cradle 
to  the  foot  of  the  Palatine.  Here  a  wolf 
Buckled  them,  till  one  Faustulus,  the 
king's  shepherd,  took  them  to  his  wife, 
who  brought  them  up.  When  grown  to 
manhood,  they  slew  Amulius,  who  had 
caused  them  to  be  exposed. 

The  Greek  legend  of  Tyro  is  in  many 
respects  similar.  This  Tyro  had  an 
amour  with  Poseidon  (as  Silvia  had  with 
Mars),  and  two  sons  were  born  in  both 
cases.  Tyro's  mother-in-law  confined  her 
in  a  dungeon,  and  exposed  the  two  infants 
(Pelias  and  Neleus)  in  a  boat  on  the  river 
Enipeus  (3  syl.).  Here  they  were  dis- 
covered and  brought  up  by  a  herdsman 
(Romulus  and  Remus  were  brought  up  by 
a  shepherd),  and  when  grown  to  man- 
hood, they  put  to  death  their  mother-in- 
law,  who  had  caused  them  to  be  exposed 
(as  Romulus  and  Remus  put  to  death 
their  great-uncle  Amulius). 

Ron,  the  ebony  spear  of  prince  Arthur. 

The  temper  of  his  sword,  the  tried  Kxcatihor, 

The  bigness  and  the  length  of  K  na  Ins  noble  spear, 

Willi  Pridwin  his  great  shield. 

Draytqn,  Polj/otUon,  lv.  (1612). 

Ronald  (Lord),  in  love  with  lady 
Clare,  to  whom  he  gave  a  lily-white  doe. 
The  day  before  the  wedding,  nurse 
Alice  told  lady  Clare  she  was  not  "  lady 
Clare "  at  all,  but  her  own  child.  On 
hearing  this,  she  dressed  herself  as  a 
peasant  girl,  ami  went  to  Lord  Ronald  to 
release  him  from  his  engagement!  Lord 
Ronald  replied,  "If  you  are  not  the 
heiress  born,  we  will  be  married  to- 
morrow, and  you  shall  still  be  lady 
Clare." — Tennyson,  Lady  Clare. 

Ronaldson    (AW),   the   old   ranzel- 


man  of  Jarlshof  (ch.  vii.).— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Roncesvalles  (4  syl.),  a  defile  in  the 
Pyrenees,  famous  for  the  disaster  which 
befell  Roland  and  his  army. 

%*  Sometimes  the  word  has  only  8 
syl.,  as  Ronce.val.les  or  Ron.ce.val. 

Ed  Olever  des  Vassals 
Ki  morurent  en  Koncherals. 
Lorrts,  Romande  la/iou.ii.  i.  18,  133  (thirteenth  centum. 
And  the  dead  who.  deathless  all, 
Fell  at  famous  Konccval. 

Rondib'ilis,  the  physician  consulted 
by  Panurge  on  the  knotty  question, 
"  whether  he  ought  to  marry,  or  let  it 
alone." — Rabelais,  Pantag'ruel  (1545). 

%*  This  question,  which  Panurge  was 
perpetually  asking  every  one,  of  course 
refers  to  the  celibacy  of  the  clergy. 

Rondo  (The  Father  of  the),  Jean 
Baptiste  Davaux. 

Rooden  Lane.  All  on  one  side,  like 
Eooden  Lane.  The  village  of  Rooden  "r 
Roden,  in  Herefordshire,  is  built  all  on 
one  side  of  the  road,  the  other  side  being 
the  high  wall  of  Heaton  Park,  the  resi- 
dence of  the  earl  of  Wilton. 

Rope  ofOcilUS(^l),  profitless  labour. 
Ocnus  was  always  twisting  a  rope  with 
unwearied  diligence,  but  an  ass  ate  it  as 
fast  as  it  was  twisted. 

***  This  allegory  means  that  Ocnus 
worked  hard  to  earn  money,  which  his 
wife  squandered  by  her  extravagance. 

The  work  of  Peneloptjs's  web  was  "never 
ending,  still  beginning," because  Penelope* 
pulled  out  at  night  all  that  site  had  spun 
during  the  day.  Her  object  was  to  defer 
doing  what  she  abhorred  but  knew  not 
how  to  avoid. 

Rope-Walk  (Gone  into  the),  taken  up 
Old  Bailey  practice.    The  "  rope  "  refers 

to  the  hangman's  cord. — Bam 

Roper  (Margaret)  was  buried  with 
the  head  of  her  father,  sir  Thomas  More, 
between  her  hands. 

Her,  who  duped  in  her  last  trance 
Her  murdered  i. itl.iT  3  head. 

Tennjron. 

Roque  (1  syl.),  a  blunt,  kind-hearted 
old  servitor  to  donna  Florauthe. — Column, 
The  Mountaineers  (1~'J3). 

Roque  Guinart,  a  freebooter,  whose 
real  name  was  Pedro  Rocha Guinarda.    He 

is  introduced  by  ( 'en-antes  in  Don  (juueote. 

Rosa,  a  village  beauty,  patronized  by 
lady  Dedlock.  She  marries  Mrs.  Ronnce- 
Well'B grandson. — C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Jlouae 


ROSABELLE. 


844 


ROSAMOND. 


Rosabelle  (3  syl.),  the  lady's-maid  of 
lady  Geraldine.  Rosabelle  promised  to 
marry  L'Eclair,  the  orderly  of  chevalier 
Florian. — W.  Dimond,  The  Foundling  of 
the  Forest. 

Rosalind  (i.e.  Rose  Daniel),  the 
Bhepherd  lass  who  rejected  Colin  Clout  (the 
poet  Spenser)  for  Menalcas  (John  Florio 
the  lexicographer  (1579).  Spenser  was  at 
the  time  in  his  twenty-sixth  year.  Being 
rejected  by  Rosalind,  he  did  not  marry  till 
he  was  nearly  4 1 ,  and  then  we  arc  told  that 
Elizabeth  was  "  the  name  of  his  mother, 
queen,  and  wife"  (Sonnet,  74).  In  the 
Fieri/  Queen,  "the  country  lass"  (Rosa- 
lind) is  introduced  dancing  with  the  Graces, 
and  the  poet  says  she  is  worthy  to  be  the 
fourth  (bk.  vi.  10,  16).  In  1595  appeared 
the  Epithala'mion,  in  which  the  recent 
marriage  is  celebrated. — Ed.  Spenser, 
Shepheardes  Calendar,  i.,  vi.  (1579). 

"  Rosalinde  "  is  an  anagram  for  Rose 
Daniel,  evidently  a  well-educated  young 
lady  of  the  north,  ami  probably  the  "lady 
Mirabella"  of  the  Faery  (Jueen,  vi.  7,  8. 
Spenser  calls  her  "  the  widow's  daughter 
of  the  glen  "  (eel.  iv.),  supposed  to  be 
either  Burnley  or  Colne,  near  llurstwood, 
in  Yorkshire.  Eel.  i.  is  the  plaint  of 
Colin  for  the  loss  of  Rosalind.  Eel.  vi. 
is  a  dialogue  between  Colin  and  Ilobbinol 
his  friend,  in  which  Colin  laments,  and 
Ilobbinol  tries  to  comfort  him.  Eel.  xii. 
is  a  similar  lament  to  eel.  i.  Rose  Daniel 
married  John  Florio  the  lexicographer, 
the   "  llolofernes"  of  Shakespeare. 

Ros'alind,  daughter  of  the  banished 
duke  who  went  to  live  in  the  forest  of 
Arden.  Rosalind  was  retained  in  her 
uncle's  court  as  the  companion  of  bis 
daughter  Cclia ;  but  when  the  usurper 
banished  her,  Celia  resolved  to  be  her 
companion,  and  for  greater  security 
Rosalind  dressed  as  a  boy,  and  assumed 
the  name  of  Ganimed,  while  Celia  dressed 
as  a  peasant  girl,  and  assumed  the  name 
of  Alicna.  The  two  girls  went  to  the 
forest  of  Arden,  and  lodged  for  a  time  in 
a  hut ;  but  they  nan  not  been  long  there 
when  Orlando  encountered  them.  Or- 
lando and  Rosalind  had  met  before  at  a 
wrestling  match,  and  the  acquaintance 
was  now  renewed  ;  Ganimed  resumed  her 
proper  apparel,  and  the  two  were  married 
with  the  sanction  of  the  duke. — Shake- 
speare, As  You  Like  It  (1598). 

Nor  shall  the  griefs  of  Lear  he  alleviated,  or  the  charms 

and  wit  of  Rosalind  be  abated  by  i — N.  Drake,  M.D., 

Bhakcsjiearc  and  His  Timet,  ii.  551  (1817). 

Rosaline,  the  niece  of  Capulet,  with 
whom  Romeo  was  in  love  before  he  saw 


Juliet.  Mercutio  calls  her  "a  pale- 
hearted  wench,"  and  Romeo  says  she  did 
not  "grace  for  grace  and  love  for  love 
allow,"  like  Juliet. — Shakespeare,  Romeo 
and  Juliet  (1598). 

%*  Rosaline  is  frequently  mentioned 
in  the  first  act  of  the  play,  but  is  not  one 
of  the  dramatis  personal. 

Rosaline,  a  lady  in  attendance  on  the 
princess  of  France.  A  sharp  wit  was 
wedded  to  her  will,  and  "  two  pitch 
balls  were  stuck  in  her  face  for  eyes." 
Rosaline  is  called  "a  merry,  nimble, 
stirring  spirit."  Biron,  a  lord  in  atten- 
dance on  Ferdinand  king  of  Navarre, 
proposes  marriage  to  her,  but  she  replies : 

Vcju  must  be  purged  first,  your  sins  are  racked  .  .  , 
Therefore  if  you  my  favour  mean  to  get, 
A  twelvemonth  shall  you  spend,  and  never  rest. 
But  seek  the  weary  beds  of  people  sick. 

Shakespeare,  Love's  Labour's  Lost  (1594). 

Rosalu'ra,  the  airy  daughter  of 
Nantolet,  beloved  by  Belleur. — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Wild-goose  Chase 
(1652). 

Ros'amond  (The  Fair),  Jane  Clif- 
ford, daughter  of  Walter  lord  Clifford. 
The  lady  was  loved  not  wisely  but  too 
well  by  Henry  II.,  who  kept  her  for 
concealment  in  a  labyrinth  at  Woodstock. 
Queen  Eleanor  compelled  the  frail  fair 
one  to  swallow  poison  (1177). 

She  was  the  fayre  daughter  of  Walter  lord  Clifford  .  .  . 
Henry  made  for  her  a  house  of  wonderfull  working,  so 
that  no  man  or  woman  might  come  to  her.  Tlrts  house 
w;ls  named  "  Lahyrinthus."  and  was  wrought  like  unto  a 
knot,  in  a  garden  called  a  maze.  But  the  queen  came  to 
her  hyaclue  of  thredde,  and  so  dealt  with  her  that  she 
lived  not  long  after.  She  was  buried  at  Godstow,  In  a 
house  of  nunnes,  with  these  verses  upon  her  tombe : 

Hie  jacet  in  tumha  Rosa  mundi,  non  Rosa  munda ; 

Mon  redolet,  sed  olet,  qua)  redolere  solet 

Here  Hose  the  graced,  not  /lose  the  chart*,  r*po*M  ; 

The  smell  tliat  riica  is  no  smell  of  rose*. 

%*  The  subject  has  been  a  great 
favourite  with  poets.  We  have  in  Eng- 
lish the  following  tragedies : — Tlxe  Com- 
plaint of  Rosamond,  by  S.  Daniel  (before 
1619) ;  Henry  II.  .  .  .  with  the  Death  of 
Rosamond,  either  Bancroft  or  Mountford 
(liiOo);  Rosamond,  by  Addison  (17m;)  ; 
Henry  and  Rosamond,  by  Hawkins 
(17  lit) ;  Fair  Rosamond,  by  Tennyson 
(1S7!<).  In  Italian:  Rosmonda,  by  Ru- 
cellai  (1525).  In  Spanish :  Rosmunda, 
by  Gil  y  Zarate  (1840).  We  have  also 
Rosamond,  an  opera,  by  Dr.  Arne  (17oo); 
and  Rosamonde,  a  poem  in  French,  by  C. 
Briffaut  (1813).  Sir  Walter  Scott  has 
introduced  the  beautiful  soiled  dove  in 
two  of  his  novels — The  Talisman  and 
Woodstock. 

%*  Dryden  says  her  name  was  Jane  s 

Jane  Clifford  was  her  name,  as  books  aver  ; 

"  lair  Ko&amond  "  w»3  but  ber  urn  d*  j/uerr*. 


ROSANA. 


845 


ROSE  OF  ARRAGON. 


We  rede  that  In  Englande  was  a  king  lli.it  had  a 
eunetibyne  whosenaine  w;l>  Bom,  and  for  hir  k'reate  bewtye 
ha  cleped  htr  Bow  k  mounde  (Rosa  mundl),  thai  k  to    ty, 

Hose  of  the  world,  for  him  thought  <h..t  she  passed  al 
iryiaen  In  bewtye. — R.  1'ynson  il-ijij),  sub^jueiuly 
printed  by  Wynken  do  Worde  in  1490. 

The  Eosemonde  of  Alfieri  is  quite 
another  person.     (See  Rosemwnd.) 

Rosa'na,  daughter  of  the  Armenian 
queen,  who  helped  St.  George  to  quench 
the  seven  lamps  of  the  knight  of  the 
Black  Castle. — R.  Johnson,  Hie  Seven 
Champions  of  Christendom,  ii.  8,  9  (1617). 

Roscius  (Quintus),  the  greatest  of 
Roman  actors  (died  B.C.  02). 

What  scone  of  death  hath  Koscius  now  to  act  t 
Shakespeare,  iRtmry  71.  act  v.  so.  6  (1592). 

Eoscius  (The  British),  Thomas  Better- 
ton  (11)35-1710),  and  David  Garrick 
(1716-177K). 

%*  The  earl  of  Southampton  says 
that  Richard  Burbage  "  is  famous  as  our 
English  Roscius  "  (lotJO-lGUi). 

Eoscius  (The  Irish),  Spranger  Barry, 
,4The  Silver-Tongued "  (1719-1777). 

Eoscius  (The  Young),  William  TTcnry 
West  Betty,  who  in  1803  made  his  dtfbut 
in  London.  He  was  about  12  years  of 
age,  and  in  fifty-six  nights  realized 
£34,000.     lie  died,  aged  84,  in  1874. 

Roscius  of  France  (The),  Michel 
Boyron  or  Baron  (1053-1720). 

Roscrana,  daughter  of  Cormac  king 
of  Ireland  (grandfather  of  that  Cormac 
murdered  by  Cairbar).  Roscra'na  is 
called  "the  blue-eyed  and  white-handed 
maid,"  and  was  "  like  a  spirit  of  heaven, 
half  folded  in  the  skirt  of  a  cloud." 
Subsequently  she  was  the  wife  of  Fingal 
king  of  Morven,  and  mother  of  Ossian 
"  king  of  bards." — Ossian,    Temora,  vi. 

***  Cormac,  the  father  of  Roscrana, 
wan  great-grandfather  of  that  Cormac 
who  was  reigning  when  Swaran  made  his 
invasion.  The  line  ran  thus  :  (1)  Cormac 
I.,  (2)  Cairhre,  his  Bon,  (•'!)  Artho,  his  son, 
(4)  Cormac  II.,  father-in-law  of  Fingal. 

Rose,  "the  gardener's  daughter,"  a 
story  of  happy  lirst  love,  told  in  later 
years  by  an  old  man  who  had,  in  his 
younger  days,  trilled  with  the  passion  of 
love;  but,  like  St.  Augustin,  was  always 
"  loving  to  love  "  (amans  amir* ),  and  was 
at  length  heart-smitten  with  Rose,  whom 
he  married.  (See  Ai.uk.) — Tennyson, 
The  Gardener's  1>>i>>  inter. 

Eose.  Sir  John  Mandeville  says  that 
a  Jewish  maid  of  Bethlehem  (whom 
Bouthey  names  Zillah)  was  beloved  by 
one    llam'tiel    a   brutish  sot.     Zillah  re- 


jected his  suit,  and  Ilamuel,  in  revenge, 
accused  the  maiden  id'  offences  for  which 
she  was  condemned  to  be  burned  alive. 
When  brought  to  the  stake,  the  flames 
burnt  Ilamuel  to  a  cinder,  but  did  no 
harm  to  Zillah.  There  she  stood,  in  a 
garden  of  roses,  for  the  brands  which  had 
been  kindled  became  red  roses,  and  those 
which  had  not  caught  tire  became  white 
ones.  These  arc  the  first  roses  that  ever 
bloomed  on  earth  since  the  loss  of 
paradise. 

As  the  fyre  began  to  brenne  about  hire,  she  made  hef 
pre}  ens  to  oure  Lord  .  .  .  and  anon  was  the  fayer 
quenched  and  oute.  and  broniles  that  weren  brennyiue 

becomes  white  i .  and  (betas  werein  the  first 

roseres  that  ever  miy  man  saughe. — Sir  John  Maunde 
Yille,  Voiaije  and  Truivailt. 

Eose.  According  to  Mussulman  tradi- 
tion, the  rose  is  thus  accounted  for : 
When  Mahomet  took  his  journey  to 
heaven,  the  sweat  which  fell  on  the 
earth  from  the  prophet's  forehead  pro- 
duced white  roses,  and  that  which  fell 
from  Al  Borak'  (the  animal  he  rode) 
produced  yellow  ones. 

Eose.  On  monnt  Cal'asay  (the  Indian 
Oh  in  pus)  is  a  table  on  which  lies  a  silver 
rose  that  contains  two  women,  as  bright 
and  fair  as  pearls  ;  one  is  called  Bngasiri 
("lady  of  the  mouth"),  and  the  other  T» 
ras'iri(  "lady  of  the  tongue"),  because  the> 
praise  God  without  ceasing.  In  the 
centre  of  the  rose  is  the  triangle  or 
residence  of  God. — Baldsus. 

And  when  the  hell  hath  sounded. 
The  Rose  with  all  the  iininif  i  (surrounded. 
The  Hell,  the  Table,  and'  mount  Calasay, 

The  holj  hill  itself  with  all  thereon  .  .  . 
Dissolve:  away. 

Bouthey,  Curie  of  Kchama,  xlx.  11  (18US*. 

Eose  (Couleur  dc),  an  exaggerated 
notion  of  the  excellence  or  goodness  of 
something,  produced  by  hope,  love,  or 
some  other  favourable  influence.  Love, 
for  example,  sees  the  object  beloved 
through  a  medium  of  heart-joy,  which 
casts  a  halo   round  it,  and  invests  it  witli 

a  roseate  hue,  as  if  Been  through  j^lavs 
tinted  with  rose-pink.  Hence  the  lovei 
says  of  Maud  : 

Rot}  Is  the  west,  rosy  Is  the  south  : 

Hoses  are  her  cheeks,  and  a  roat  her  mouth. 

Tennyaon,  m>uu.  i.  h<l  tisss). 

Rose.     "Queen    rose   of    the    rosebud 

garden  of  v;irls." — Tennvson,  JUami,  1. 
xxii.  9  (181 

Rose  of  Arrapron  (T7ie),  a  dramM 
by  S.  Knowles  (1842).  Olivia,  daughter 
of  Ruphi'no  (a  peasant),  was  married  to 
prince  Alonzo  ol  Aragon.  The  king 
would  not  recognise  the  match,  but  sent 
bis  son  to  the  army,  and  made  the  cortea 


ROSE  OF  HARPOCRATE. 


ROSINANTE. 


Eass  an  act  of  divorce.  A  revolt  having 
een  organized,  the  king  was  dethroned, 
and  Almagro  was  made  regent.  Almagro 
tried  to  marry  Olivia,  and  to  murder  her 
father  and  brother,  but  the  prince  return- 
ing with  the  army  made  himself  master 
of  the  city,  Almagro  died  of  poison,  the 
marriage  of  the  prince  and  peasant  was 
recognized,  the  revolt  was  broken  up, 
and  order  was  restored. 

Rose  of  Har'pocrate  (3  syl.). 
Cupid  gave  Harpocrate  a  rose,  to  bribe 
him  not  to  divulge  the  amours  of  his 
mother  Venus. 

Red  as  a  rose  of  Harpocrate. 

E.  B.  Browning,  ItubcTt  Child,  ill. 

Rose  of  Paradise.  The  roses  which 
grew  in  paradise  had  no  thorns.  "  Thorns 
and  thistles  "  were  unknown  on  earth  till 
after  the  Fall  (Gen.  iii.  18).  Both  St. 
Ambrose  and  St.  Basil  note  that  the  roses 
in  Eden  had  no  thorns,  and  Milton  says, 
in  Eden  bloomed  "  Flowers  of  all  hue, 
and  without  thorn  the  rose." — Paradise 
Lost,  iv.  256  (1065). 

Rose  of  Raby,  the  mother  of 
Richard  III.  This  was  Cecily,  daughter 
of  Ralph  de  Nevill  of  Raby  earl  of 
Westmoreland. 

Rose  of  York,  the  heir  and  head  of 
the  Yuik  faction. 

When  Warwick  perished,  Kdmnnd  de  la  Pole  became 

the  Rose  of  York,  and   if  this  Foolish   prince  si I.I  lie 

removed  hy  death  .  .  .  his  young  and  clever  brother 
[Rleliard]  would  lie  raise. 1  to  the  rank  ul  Ross  of  York.— 
W.  H.  Dixon,  Two  queent. 

Roses  ( War  of  tlie).  The  origin  of 
this  expression  is  thus  given  by  Shake- 
speare : 

Plant.  Let  him  that  Is  a  true-horn  gentleman  .  .  . 
If  lie  supposes  that  I  have  pleaded  truth. 
From  oil  this  hriar  phiek  a  white  rose  with  me. 

Somerset.  Let  him  thai  is  no  coward,  nor  no  flatterer. 
Hut  dare  maintain  the  party  .if  the  truth, 
Pluck  a  red  rose  from  off  this  thorn  with  me. 

Whereupon  Warwick  plucked  a  white 
rose  and  joined  the  Yorkists,  while 
Suffolk  plucked  a  red  one  and  joined 
the  Lancastrians. — Shakespeare,  1  Henry 
VI.  act  ii.  sc.  4  (1589). 

Rosemond,  daughter  of  Cunimond 
king  of  the  Gepidaj.  She  was  compelled 
to  marry  Alboin  king  of  the  Lombards, 
who  put  her  father  to  death  a.d.  567. 
Alboin  compelled  her  to  drink  from  the 
skull  of  her  own  father,  and  Rosemond 
induced  Peride'us  (the  secretary  of  Hel- 
tnichild  her  lover)  to  murder  the  wretch 
(.r)7.'i).  She  then  married  Ilelmichild,  fled 
to  Ravenna,  and  BOUghtto  poison hersecond 
busband,  thai  she  might  marry  Longin  the 
uxarch  ;  but  Ilelmichild,  apprised  of  her 


intention,  forced  her  to  drink  the  mixture 
she  had  prepared  for  him.  This  lady  is 
the  heroine  of  Alfieri's  tragedy  called  Eose- 
monde  (1749-1803).     (See  Rosamond.) 

Ro'sencrantz,  a  courtier  in  the 
court  of  Denmark,  willing  to  sell  or 
betray  his  friend  and  schoolfellow,  prince 
Hamlet,  to  please  a  king. — Shakespeare, 
Hamlet  (1596). 

Rosetta,  the  wicked  sister  of  Bru- 
netta  and  Blon'dina,  the  mothers  of  Chery 
and  Fairstar.  She  abetted  the  queen- 
mother  in  her  wicked  designs  against  the 
offspring  of  her  two  sisters,  but,  being 
found  out,  was  imprisoned  for  life. — Com- 
tesse  D'Aunov,  Fairy  Tales  ("Princess 
Fairstar,"  1682). 

Roset'ta,  a  bright,  laughing  little  co- 
quette, who  runs  away  from  home  because 
her  father  wants  her  to  marry  young 
Meadows  whom  she  has  never  seen.  She 
enters  the  service  of  justice  Woodcock. 
Now,  rt  so  happens  that  sir  William 
Meadows  wishes  his  son  to  marry  Ro- 
setta, whom  he  has  never  seen,  and  he  also 
runs  away  from  home,  and  under  the  name 
of  Thomas  becomes  gardener  to  justice 
Woodcock.  Rosetta  and  young  Meadows 
here  fall  in  love  with  each  other,  and  the 
wishes  of  the  two  fathers  are  accom- 
plished.— Isaac  Bickerstaff,  Love  in  a 
Village  (1763). 

In  1786  Mrs.  Billlngton  made  her  d&but  In  "Rosetta," 
at  once  dazzling  the  town  with  the  brilliancy  of  her 
vocalization  and  the  Hush  of  her  beauty. — C.  R.  Leslie. 

Rosetta  [Belmont],  daughter  of 
sir  Robert  Belmont.  Rosetta  is  high- 
spirited,  witty,  confident,  and  of  good 
spirits.  "  If  you  told  her  a  merry  story, 
she  would  sigh  ;  if  a  mournful  one,  she 
would  laugh.  For  yes  she  would  say,  '  no,' 
and  for  no,  'yes.'"  She  is  in  love  with 
colonel  Raymond,  but  shows  her  love  by 
teasing  him,  and  colonel  Raymond  is 
afraid  of  the  capricious  beauty. — Edward 
Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Rosiclear  and  Donzel  del  Phe- 
bo,  the  heroine  and  hero  of  the  Mirror 
of  Kniyht/iood,  a  mediaeval  romance. 

Rosinan'te  (4  syl.),  the  steed  of  don 
Quixote.  The  name  implies  "that  the 
horse  had  risen  from  a  mean  condition  to 
the  highest  honour  a  steed  could  achieve, 
for  it  was  once  a  cart-horse,  and  was 
elevated  into  the  charger  of  a  knight- 
errant," — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  ii.  1 
(1605). 

Rosluai.te  was  admirably  drawn,  so  lean,  lank,  meagre. 
drooping,  sharp-backed,  and  raw-boned,  as  to  excite  much 
curiniiiy  and  mirth. — Pt,  I.  Ii  1. 


IiOSIPHELE. 


847 


ROUND  TABLE. 


Rosiphele  (3  syl.),  princess  of  Ar- 
menia ;  of  surpassing  beauty,  but  in- 
sensible to  love.  She  is  made  to  submit 
to  the  yoke  of  Cupid  by  a  vision  which 
befell  her  on  a  Way-day  ramble. — Gower, 
Confessio  Amantis  (1393). 

Rosmonda,  a  tragedy  in  Italian,  by 
John  R.  Ruccellai  (1525).  This  is  one 
of  the  first  regular  tragedies  of  modern 
times.  Sophonisba,  by  Trissino,  preceded 
it,  being  produced  in  1514  and  performed 
in  1515. 

Rosny  (Sabina),  the  young  wife  of 
lord  Sensitive.  "  Of  noble  parents,  who 
perished  under  the  axe  in  France."  The 
young  orphan,  "as  much  to  be  admired 
for  her  virtues  as  to  be  pitied  for  her 
misfortunes,"  rloil  to  Padua,  where  she 
met  lord  Sensitive. — Cumberland,  First 
Love  (179G). 

Ross  (Lord),  an  officer  in  the  king's 
army  under  the  duke  of  Monmouth. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Boss  (The  Man  of),  John  Kyrlr  of 
Whitehouse,  in  Gloucestershire.  So 
called  because  he  resided  in  the  village 
of  Ross,  Herefordshire.  Kyrle  was  a 
man  of  unbounded  benevolence,  and  be- 
loved by  all  who  knew  him. 

%*  Pope  celebrates  him  in  his  Moral 
Essays,  iii.  (1709). 

Rosse  (2  syl.),  the  sword  which  the 
dwarf  Elberich  gave  to  Otwit  king  of 
Lombardy.  It  was  so  keen  that  it  left  no 
gap  where  it  cut. 

Balmung,  the  sword  forged  by  Wieland 
and  given  to  Siegfried,  was  so  keen  that 
it  clove  Amilias  in  two  without  his  know- 
ing it,  but  when  he  attempted  to  move 
he  fell  asunder. 

This  sword  to  thee  I  give  ;  It  Is  nil  hrinht  of  hue. 
Whatever  It  may  cleave  no  gap  will  there  ensue. 
From  Almurl  I  brought  it,  and  Bout  la  its  name. 

The  IJoldcnbuch. 

Rostocostojambedanesse  (M. 
N.),  author  of  After  Beef,  Mustard. — 
Rabelais,  Pantag'ruel,  ii.  7  (1533). 

Rothmar,  chief  of  Tromlo.  He  at- 
tacked the  vassal  kingdom  of  Croma  while 
theunder-kingCrotharwas  blind  with  age, 
resolving  to  annex  it  to  his  own  dominion, 
Crothar's  son,  Fovar-Gormo,  attacked  the 
invader,  but  was  defeated  and  slain.  Not 
many  days  after,  Ossian  (one  of  the 
Bons  of  Fingal)  arrived  with  succours, 
renewed  the  battle,  defeated  the  victorious 
army,  and  slew  the  invader.  —  Ossian, 
Crtnua. 


Rotlisay  ( The  duke  of),  prince  Robert, 
eldest  son  of  Robert  III.  of  Scotland. 
Margaret  duchess  of  Eothsay. — Sir  W, 

Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  lJ<Tiry 
IV.). 

Rou  (The  Roman  de),  a  metrical  and 
mythical  history,  in  Norman-French,  of 
the  dukes  of  Normandy  from  Rollo 
downwards,  by  Robert  Wace  (author  of 
Le  Brut). 

%*  Rou',  that  is,  Eoul,  the  Bame  aa 
Rollo. 

Roubigne  (Julie  de),  the  heroine  and 
title  of  a  novel  by  Henry  Mackenzie 
(1783). 

Rougedragon  (Lady  Rachel),  the 
former  guardian  of  Lilias  Redgauntlet. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Redyauntlet  (time,  George 

Rouncewell  (Mrs.),  housekeeper  at 
Chesney  Wold  to  lord  and  lady  Dedlock, 
to  whom  she  is  most  faithfully  attached. 
— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Jlousc  (1853). 

Round  Table  (The),  a  table  made 
at  Carduel  by  Merlin  for  Uther  the  pen- 
dragon.  Uther  gave  it  to  king  Leodc- 
graunce  of  Camelyard,  and  when  Arthur 
married  Guinever  (the  daughter  of  Lec- 
degraunee),  he  received  the  table  with 
a  hundred  knights  as  a  wedding  present 
(pt.  i.  45).  The  table  would  seat  160 
knights  (pt.  iii.  3G),  and  each  seat  was 
appropriated.  One  of  them  was  called 
the  "  Siege  Perilous,"  because  it  was  fatal 
for  any  one  to  sit  therein  except  the 
knight  who  was  destined  to  achieve  the 
holy  graal  (pt.  iii.  82).  King  Arthur 
instituted  an  order  of  knighthood  called 
"the  knights  of  the  Round  Table,"  the 
chief  of  whom  were  sir  Launcelot,  Bil 
Tristram,  and  sir  Lamerock  or  Lamorake. 
The  ''Siege  Perilous"  was  reserved  for 
6ir  Galahad,  the  son  of  sir  Launcelot  by 
Flame. — Sir  T.  Malorv,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur  (1470). 

*„,*  There  is  a  table  shown  at  Win- 
chester as  "Arthur's  Round  Table,"  but 
it  corresponds  in  no  respect  with  the 
Round  Table  described  in  the  ]/<-: 
Prince  Arthur.  Round  Tables  were  not 
Unusual,  as  Dr.  Percy  has  shown,  with 
other  kings  in  the  times  of  chivalry. 
Thus,  the  king  of  Ireland,  father  of 
Christabelle,  had  his  "knights  of  the 
Pound   Table."— See   "Sir  Cauline,"  in 

Percy's  ReliqUt  8. 

In  the  eighth  year  of  Edward  I.,  Roger 
tie  Mortimer  established  at  Kenilworth 
a  Round  Table  for  "the  encouragement 


ROUSSEAU. 


848 


ROYAL  MOTTOES. 


of  military  pastimes."  Some  seventy- 
years  later,  Edward  III.  had  his  Round 
Table  at  Windsor;  it  was  200  feet  in 
diameter. 

Rousseau  {Jean  Jacques)  used  to 
eay  that  all  fables  which  ascribe  speech 
and  reason  to  dumb  animals  ought  to  be 
withheld  from  children,  as  being  only 
vehicles  of  deception. 

I  shall  not  ask  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau 
If  birds  confabulate  or  no; 
"Tis  clear  that  they  were  always  able 
To  bold  discourse— at  least  in  falile. 
Cowper,  1'airinjTitne  AjUicipated  (1783 

Roustam  or  Rostam,  the  Persian 
Hercules.  He  was  the  son  of  Zal,  and  a 
descendant  of  Djamshid.  At  one  time 
Roustam  killed  1000  Tartars  at  a  blow  ; 
he  slew  dragons,  overcame  devils,  captured 
cities,  and  performed  other  marvellous  ex- 
ploits. This  mighty  man  of  strength  fell 
into  disgrace  for  refusing  to  receive  the 
doctrines  of  Zoroaster,  and  died  by  the 
hand  of  one  of  his  brothers  named  Scheg- 
had  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

Rover,  a  dissolute  young  spark,  who 
set  off  vice  "as  naughtv  but  vet  nice." — 
Mrs.  Behn,  The  Rover  (1680). 

"  William  Mountford  [loWi-Kiy:!]  had  so  much  In  him  of 
the  agreeable,  that  when  he  played  "The  Borer,"  it  was 
remarked  by  many,  and  particularly  liy  quean  Man.  that 
it  was  dangerous,  to  .see  him  act — he  made  vice  to  alluring. 
— C.  Dibdin,  History  0/  the  Stage. 

RoveweU  (Cajdain),  in  love  with 
Arethusa  daughter  of  Argus.  The  lady's 
father  wanted  her  to  marry  squire  Cuckoo, 
who  had  a  large  estate;  but  Arethusa 
contrived  to  have  her  own  way  and  marry 
captain  RoveweU,  who  turned  out  to  be 
the  son  of  Ned  Worth}',  who  gave  the 
bridegroom  £30,UU0. — Carey,  Contrivances 
(1715). 

Rowe  (Nicholas),  poet-laureate  (1G73, 
1714-1718).  The  monument  in  West- 
minster Abbey  to  this  poet  was  by  Kys- 
brack. 

Rowena  (The  lady),  of  Hargettstan- 
fitede,  a  ward  of  Cedric  the  Saxon,  of 
Rotherwood.  She  marries  Ivanhoe. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Rowland  (Childc),  youngest  brother 
of  Helen.  Under  the  guidance  of  Merlin, 
lie  undertook  to  bring  back  his  sister  from 
elf-land,  whither  the  fairies  had  carried 
her,  and  he  succeeded  in  his  perilous  ex- 
ploit.— An  Ancient  Scotch  Ballad. 

Rowland  for  an  Oliver  (A),  a  tit 
for  tat;  getting  as  good  as  you  gave. 
Rowland   (or  Roland)   and   Oliver   were 

two  of  Charlemagne's  paladins,  so  much 


alike  in  prowess  and  exploits  that  they 
might  be  described  as  "fortemque  Gyan, 
fortemque  Cloanthum"  (^Eneid,  i.  222). 

Och  !  Mrs.  Mustard-pot,  have  you  found  a  Rowland  for 
your  Oliver  at  last  T— T.  Knight,  The  Honest  Thievee. 

Rowley,  one  of  the  retainers  of  Julia 
Avenel  (2  syl.).  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Tiie 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Rowley  (Master),  formerly  steward  of 
Mr.  Surface,  senior,  the  friend  of  Charles 
Surface,  and  the  fidus  Achates  of  sir 
Oliver  Surface  the  rich  uncle. — Sheridan, 
School  for  Scandal  (1777). 

Rowley  (Thomas),  the  hypothetical 
priest  of  Bristol,  said  by  Chatterton  to 
have  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI. 
and  Edward  IV.,  and  to  have  written 
certain  poems,  of  which  Chatterton  him- 
self was  the  author. 

Rowley  Overdees,  a  highwayman. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manneriny  (time, 
George  II.). 

Roxa'na,  daughter  of  Oxyartes  of 
Bactria,  and  wife  or  concubine  of  Alex- 
ander the  Great.  Proud,  imperious,  and 
relentless,  she  loved  Alexander  with  a 
madness  of  love;  and  being  jealous  of 
Statira,  daughter  of  king  Darius,  and 
wife  of  Alexander,  she  stabbed  her  and 
slew  her. — N.  Lee,  Alexander  the  Great 
(1G78). 

So  now  am  I  as  exeat  as  the  famed  Alexander ;  but  my 
dear  Statira  and  Koxana,  don't  exert  yourselves  so  much 
about  me.— Mrs.  CeuUivre,  The  Wonder,  iil.  1 11714). 

Roxa'na  and  Stati'ra.  Dr. 
Doran  says  that  Peg  Woffington  (as 
"  Koxana"),  jealous  of  Mrs.  Bellamy  (as 
"  Statira")  because  she  was  better  dressed, 
pulled  her  to  the  floor  when  6he  left 
the  stage,  and  pummelled  her  with  the 
handle  of  her  dagger,  screaming  as  she 
did  so : 

Nor  he,  nor  heaven,  shall  shield  thee  from  my  Justice. 

Die,  sorceress,  die  1  and  all  my  wrongs  die  with  thee  I 

Table  TraUt. 

Campbell  tells  a  very  similar  story  of 
M^,  l.arry  ("Roxana")andMissBoutwcll 
("  Statira  ").  The  stage-manager  had 
given  to  Miss  Boutwell  a  lace  veil,  and 
Mrs.  I'>arry  out  of  jealousy  actually  stabbed 
her  rival  in  acting,  and  the  dagger  went 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  through  the  stays 
into  the  llesh. 

Royal  Mottoes  or  Legends. 
Duu  ct  nun  droit,  Richard  I. 
Honi  sud  qui  unit  i/  jk-nse,  Edward  III. 
Semjier  eadem,  Elizabeth  and  Anne, 
Jt  mamtiendrai,  William  III. 


ROYAL  STYLE  OF  ADDRESS. 


849 


RUDDYMANE. 


Royal  Style  of  Address. 

"My  Liege,"  the  usual  style  till  the 
Lancastrian  usurpation. 

"  Your  Grace,"  Henry  IV. 

•'Your  Excellent  Grace,"  Henry  VI. 

"  Most  High  and  Mighty  Prince," 
Edward  IV. 

"  Your  Highness,"  Henry  VII. 

"  Your  Majesty,"  Henry  VIII.  So 
addressed  in  1520,"  by  Francois  I. 

"  The  Kind's  Sacred  Majesty,"  James  I. 

"  Your  most  Excellent  Majesty," 
Charles  II. 

"Your  most  Gracious  Majesty,"  oui 
present  style. 

Royal  Titles. 

Wilmam  I.  called  himself,  "  Rex  Anglorum,  comes 
Honnannorum  et  Cinomanentium." 

William  II.  called  himself.  "Rei  Anglorum,"  01 
"•  Monarchists  Britannia:. " 

Hknky  I.  called  himself,  "  Rex  Anglorum  et  dux  Nor- 
mannorum."  Subsequent  to  1106  we  find  "  Dei  gratia  " 
introduced  in  charters. 

Hknky  Il>  called  himself,  "  Rex  Anglorum,  et  dux  Nor- 
mannorum  et  Aqurtannoruni,  et  comes  Andegavorum  ;  " 
or  "  Hex  Auglias,  dux  NormannUe  et  Aquitania.-,  at  comes 
Andegavia:." 

Richard  I.  began  his  charters  with,  "Dei  gratia,  rex 
AiiKii:e,  et  dux  Nonnanite  et  Aquitani»,  et  comes  Ande- 
gaviss." 

.inns  headed  his  charters  with,  "Johannes,  D.G.  rex 
Anglias,  dominus  Hiberniaj,  dux  NonnannUB et  Aqultaniee, 
et  comes  Andegavia;."  Instead  of  "  HibeniUB,"  we  some- 
times find  "  Iterate,"  and  sometimes  "  Ybernia:." 

Hf.nky  III.  followed  the  style  of  his  father  till  October, 
125U,  whjn  he  adopted  the  form.  "D.Cl.  rex  Angliss, 
doiiiinus  Iiiternte,  et  dux  Aquitania?." 

EDWARD  I,  ui"ptedthe  latter  style.  So  did  Edward  II. 
till  1326,  when  he  used  the  form,  "  RcxAnglia?et  dominus 
Blternte."  Edward  I.  for  thirteen  years  headed  his 
charters  with,  "  Kdwardus,  Dei  gratia  rex  Anglise,  do- 
minus Hibernte,  et  dux  Auuitaniae."  But  after  K«7  the 
form  ran  thus  :  "  Edwardus,  D.G.  rex  Anglic  et  Francte, 
dominus  Hibernte,  et  dux  Aiiultante;"  and  sometimes 
"  Prancte  "  stands  U-fore  "  Angliae." 

Richard  II.  began  thus:  "Richardni,  D.G.  rex 
Angliai  et  Francte.  et  dominus  Hibernte." 

HBNBY  IV.  continued  I  he  same  style.  So  did  Hknrt  V. 
till  1 1-».  after  which  dale  he  adopted  the  form.  "  Henri* 
cus,  D.G.  rex  Anglte.  hujres  et  regens  Francte,  et  do- 
minus Hibernte." 

HENRI  VI.  began,  "  Henrlcus.  D.G.  rex  Anglira  et 
Francte,  et  dominus  Hibernte." 

Edward  iv..  Bdwabd  v.,  Richard  III.,  Hknry  VII. 

continued  the  same  style. 

From  hknky  VIII.  (1521)  to  Gboeob  III.  (  1800),  the 
royal  style  and  title  was,  "•  by  the  Kime  of  God,  of  Great 
Britain,  Franco,  and  Ireland,  king.  Defender  of  the 
Faith." 

From  Georor  III.  (1800)  to  the  present  day.  it  baa  been, 
•'•  by  the  grace  of  God,  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  king,  Defender  of  Uie  Faith." 

A  knowledge  of  these  styles  is  of  im- 
mense value  in  establishing  the  time  of 
royal  documents.  Richard  I.  was  the 
first  to  adopt  the  style,  "king  of  Eng- 
land." The  previous  kings  called  them- 
selves "  king  of  the  English." 

Ruach,  the  isle  of  winds,  visited  by 
Pantag'ruel  and  Lis  companions  on  their 
way  to  the  oracle  of  the  Holy  Bottle. 
The  people  of  this  island  live  on  wind, 
such  as  flattery,  promises,  and  hope. 
The  poorer  sort  are  very  ill-fed,  but  the 


great  arc  stuffed  with  huge  mill-draughts 
of  the  same  unsubstantial  puffs. — Rabe- 
lais, Pantagruel,  iv.  43  (1545). 

Ru/bezahl,  Number  Nip,  a  famous 
mountain-spirit  of  Germany,  correspond- 
ing to  our  Puck. 

Rubi,  one  of  the  cherubs  or  spirits  of 
wisdom  who  was  with  Eve  in  paradise. 
He  loved  Liris,  who  was  young,  proud, 
and  most  eager  for  knowledge.  She 
asked  her  angel  lover  to  let  her  see  him 
in  his  full  glory  ;  so  Rubi  came  to  her  in 
hi3  cherubic  splendour.  Liris,  rushing 
into  his  arms,  was  burnt  to  ashes ;  and  tho 
kiss  she  gave  him  became  a  brand  upon 
his  forehead,  which  shot  unceasing  agony 
into  his  brain. — T.  Moore,  Loves  of  the 
Angels,  ii.  (1822). 

Ru'bieon,  a  small  river  which  sepa- 
rated ancient  Italy  from  Cisalpine  Gaul, 
the  province  allotted  to  Julius  Caesar. 
When  Ccesar  crossed  this  river,  he  passed 
beyond  the  limits  of  his  own  province, 
and  became  an  invader  of  Italy. 

Rubicon  {Napoleon's),  Moscow.  The 
invasion  of  Moscow  was  the  beginning 
of  Napoleon's  fall. 

Thou  Rome,  who  saw's!  thy  Oesar's  deeds  outdone  1 
AUis!  why  passed  he  [.Youoleon]  too  the  Rnhlmn I  .  .  . 
Moscow!  thou  limit  of  lii<  long  career, 
For  which  rude  Charles  had  wept  his  frozen  tear. 

Byron,  Age  of  liruiae,  T.  (1821). 

%*  Charles  XII.  of  Sweden  formed 
the  resolution  of  humbling  Peter  tho 
Great  (1709). 

Rubo'nax,  a  man  who  hanged  him- 
self from  mortification  and  annoyance  at 
some  verses  written  upon  him  by  B  poet. 
— Sir  P.  Sidnev,  Lcfence  of  lJoesie 
(1595). 

Rubrick  (T/ie  Rev.  Mr.),  chaplain 
to  the  baron  of  Bradwardine. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Ruby  (Lady),  the  young  widow  of 
lord  Ruby.  Her  "  Brsl  love"  was  Frede- 
rick Mowbray,  and  when  a  widow  she 
married  him.  She  is  described  as 
"young,  blooming,  and  wealthy,  fresh 
and  line  as  a  daisy."— Cumberland,  First 
Love  (1796). 

Rucellai  (J»hn),  i.e.  Oricellarius, 
poet  (1475-1525),  son  of  Ren.ard 
Rucellai  of  Florence,  historian  and  diplo- 
matist. 

As  hath  lx-cn  said  by  Rucellai. 
Longfellow,  ZAo  IfoytWe  AM  (prelude,  1863). 

Ruddymane    (3    syt.),    the    name 
given  by  >ir  Guyon  to  the  babe  rescued 
from   Amavia,   who  had  stabbed   herself 
3  I 


RUDGE. 


850 


KUDIGER. 


in  grief  at  the  death   of  her  husband. 
So  called  because : 

...  in  her  streaming  blood  he  [the  infant]  did  embay 
Hia  little  hand*. 

Spenser,  Fairs/  Queen,  11. 1,  3  (1590). 

Rudge  (Barnaby),  a  half-witted 
young  man  of  three  and  twenty  years 
old  ;  rather  spare,  of  a  fair  height  and 
Btrong  make.  His  hair,  of  which  he  had 
a  great  profusion,  was  red,  and  hung  in 
disorder  about  his  face  and  shoulders. 
His  face  was  pale,  his  eyes  glassy  and 
protruding.  His  dress  was  green,  clum- 
sily trimmed  here  and  there  with  gaudy 
lace.  A  pair  of  tawdry  ruffles  dangled 
at  his  wrists,  while  his  throat  was  marly 
bare.  His  hat  was  ornamented  with  a 
cluster  of  peacock's  feathers,  limp, 
broken,  and  trailing  down  his  back. 
Girded  to  his  side  was  the  steel  hilt  of  an 
old  sword,  without  blade  or  scabbard  ; 
and  a  few  knee-ribbons  completed  his 
attire.  lie  had  a  large  raven,  named 
Grip,  which  he  carried  at  his  back  in  a 
basket,  a  most  knowing  imp,  which  used 
to  cry  out  in  a  hoarse  voice,  "  Halloa  !  " 
"  I'm  a  devil  !  "  "  Never  say  die  !  " 
"  Polly,  put  the  kettle  OD  !  " 

Barnaby  joined  the  Gordon  rioters  for 
the  proud  pleasure  of  carrying  a  flag 
and  wearing  a  blue  bow.  lie  was  ar- 
rested and  lodged  in  Newgate,  from  whence 
he  made  his  escape,  with  other  prisoners, 
when  the.  jail  was  burnt  down  by  the 
rioters  ;  but  both  he  ami  his  father  and 
Hugh,  being  betrayed  by  Dennis  the  hang- 
man, were  recaptured,  brought  to  trial, 
and  condemned  to  death,  but  by  the 
influence  of  Gabriel  Yardcn  the  lock- 
smith, the  poor  half-wilted  lad  was  re- 
Erieved,  and  lived  the  rest  of  Ins  life  with 
is  mother  in  a  cottage  and  garden  near 
the  Maypole. 

Here  he  lived,  tending  the  poultry  and  the  rattle, 
working  in  a  garden  of  his  own.  and  helping  ever?  cue. 
Ho  was  known  to  every  bird  and  beast  (bout  ti.'-  place, 

and  had  a  nam.'  lor  every  "lie.     Never  Was  there  a  l^'liter- 

kearted  husbandman,  a  creature  more  popular  with  young 
and  Old,  a  blither  and  more  happy  soul  than  Baruaby, 
— ch.  booUL 

Mr,  Rudije,  the  father  of  Barnaby, 
supposed  to  have  been  murdered  the  same 
night  as  Mr.  Haredale,  to  whom  he  was 
steward.  The  fact  is  that  Rudge  himself 
was  the  murderer  both  of  Mr.  Haredale  and 
also  of  his  faithful  servant,  to  whom  the 
crime  was  falsely  attributed.  After  the 
murder,  he  was  seen  by  many  haunting 
the  locality,  and  was  supposed  to  be  a 
ghost.  He  joined  the  Gordon  rioters  when 
they  attacked  and  burnt  to  the  ground 
the  hcusc  of  Mr.  Haredale,  the  son  of  the 


murdered  man,  and,  being  arrested  (ch. 
lvi.),  was  sent  to  Newgate,  but  made  his 
escape  with  the  other  prisoners  when  it 
was  burnt  down  by  the  rioters.  Being 
betrayed  by  Dennis,  he  was  brought  to 
trial  tor  murder,  but  we  are  not  told  if 
he  was  executed  (ch.  lxxiii.).  His  name 
is  not  mentioned  again,  and  probably  he 
suffered  death. 

Mrs.  [Mary]  Kudqe,  mother  of  Bar- 
naby, and  very  like  him,  "  but  where  in 
his  face  there  was  wildness  and  vacancy, 
in  hers  there  was  the  patient  composure 
of  long  effort  and  quiet  resignation." 
She  was  a  widow.  Her  husband  (steward 
at  the  Warren),  who  murdered  his  master, 
Mr.  Haredale,  and  his  servant,  told  her  of 
his  deed  of  blood  a  little  before  the  birth  of 
Barnaby,  and  the  woman's  face  ever  after 
inspired  terror.  It  was  thought  for  many 
years  that  Rudge  had  been  murdered  in 
defending  his  master,  and  Mrs.  Rudge 
was  allowed  a  pension  by  Mr.  Haredale, 
son  and  heir  of  the  murdered  man. 
This  pension  she  subsequently  refused  to 
take.  After  the  reprieve  of  Barnaby,  Mrs. 
Rudge  lived  with  him  in  a  cottage  near 
the  .Maypole,  and  her  last  days  were  her 
happiest. — 0.  Dickens,  Barnaby  liudje 
(1*11). 

Eu'diger,  a  wealthy  Hun,  liegeman 
of  Et/.cl,  sent  to  conduct  Kriemhild  to 
Hungary.  When  Giinther  and  his.  suite 
went  to  visit  Kriemhild,  Rudiger  enter- 
tained them  all  most  hospitably,  and  gave 
his  daughter  in  marriage  to  Giselher 
(Kriomhild's  brother).  In  the  broil 
which  ensued,  Rudiger  was  killed  light- 
ing against  Gemot,  but  Gemot  dropped 
down  dead  at  the  same  moment,  "each  by 
the  other  slain." — Nibclunyen  Lied  (by 
the  minnesingers,  1210). 

Ru'diger,  a  knight  who  came  to  Wald- 
hurst  in  a  boat  drawn  by  a  swan. 
Margaret  fell  in  love  with  him.  At  every 
tournament  he  bore  off  the  prize,  and 
in  everything  excelled  the  youths  about 
him.  Margaret  became  his  wife.  A 
child  was  born.  On  the  christening  day, 
Rudiger  carried  it  along  the  banks  of 
the  Rhine,  and  nothing  that  Margaret 
said  could  prevail  on  him  to  go  home. 
Presently,  the  swan  and  boat  came  in 
sii;ht,  and  carried  all  three  to  a  desolate 
place,  where  was  a  deep  cavern.  Rudiger 
got  on  shore,  still  holding  the  babe,  and 
Margaret  followed.  They  reached  the 
cave,  two  giant  arms  clasped  Rudiger, 
Margaret  sprang  forward  and  seized  the 
infant,  but  Rudiger  was  never  seen  more. 


KUFFIANS'  HALL. 


851 


RUPERT. 


■ — R.   Soutliey,   Eudiger  (a  ballad  from 
Thomas  Ilcywood's  notes). 

Ruffians'  Hall.  West  Smithfield 
was  for  many  years  bo  called,  because  of 
its  being  the  usual  rendezvous  forduellists, 
pugilists,  and  other  "ruffians." 

Rufus  (or  the  Bed),  William  II.  of 

England  (1057,  1087-1100). 

Rugg  (Mr.),  a  lawyer  living  at 
Pentonville.  A  red-haired  man,  who 
wore  a  hat  with  a  high  crown  and  narrow 
brim.  Mr.  Pancks  employed  him  to 
■ettle  the  business  pertaining  to  the  estate 
which  had  lon^  lain  unclaimed,  to  which 
Mr.  Dorrit  was  heir-at-law.  Mr.  Rugg 
delighted  in  legal  difficulties  as  much  as 
a  housewife  in  her  jams  and  preserves. — 
C.  Dickens,  Little  Dorrit  (1857). 

Ruggie'ro,  a  young  Saracen  knight, 
born  of  Christian  parents.  lie  fell  in 
love  with  Bradamant  (sister  of  Rinaldo), 
whom  he  ultimately  married.  Ruggierois 
especially  noted  for  possessing  a hippogriff 
or  winded  horse,  and  a  shield  of  such 
dazzling  splendour  that  it  blinded  those 
who  looked  on  it.  He  threw  away  this 
shield  into  a  well,  because  it  enabled  him 
to  win  victory  too  cheaply. — Orlando 
Innamorato  (1495),  and  Orlando  Furioso 
(1510). 

Rukenaw  (Dame),  the  ape's  wife,  in 
the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  Fox 
(1498). 

Rule  a  "Wife  and  Have  a  Wife, 
a  comedy  by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher 
(1640).  Donna  Margaritta,  a  lady  of 
great  wealth,  wishes  to  marry  in  order 
to  mask  her  intrigues,  and  seeks  for  a 
husband  a  man  without  spirit,  whom  she 
can  mould  to  her  will.  Leon,  the  brother 
of  Altea,  is  selected  as  the  "  softest  fool 
in  Spain,"  and  the  marriage  takes  place. 
After  marriage,  Leon  shows  himself 
firm,  courageous,  high-minded,  but  most 
affectionate.  He  "  rules  his  wife  "  and 
her  household  with  a  masterly  hand, 
wins  the  respect  of  every  one,  and  the 
wife,  wholly  reclaimed,  "loves,  honours, 
and  obeys"  him. 

Rumolt,  the  chief  cook  of  prince 
Glinther  of  Burgundy. — Aibelungen  Lied, 
600  (1210). 

Rumpelstilzchen  [  Rtmple.stiltz.- 
$kin],a.n  irritable,  deformed  dwarf.  He 
aided  a  miller's  daughter,  who  had  been 
enjoined  by  the  king  to  spin  straw  into 
gold;  and  the  condition  he  made  with 
her  for  this  service  was  that  she  should 


give  him  for  wife  her  first  daughter. 
The  miller's  daughter  married  the  king, 
ami  when  her  first  daughter  was  born 
the  mother  grieved  so  bitterly  that  the 
dwarf  consented  to  absolve  her  of  her 
promise,  if,  within  three  days,  she  could 
find  out  his  name.  The  first  day  | 
but  the  secret  was  not  discovered  ;  the 
second  passed  with  no  better  success ; 
but  on  the  third  day  some  of  the  queen's 
servants  heard  a  strange  voice  singing" 

Little  drt'riui I  my  dainty  dame 
RumpelsUlzchen  is  my  name. 

The  queen,  being  told  thereof,  saved  hei 
child,  and  the  dwarf  killed  himself  from 
rage. — German  Popular  Stories. 

Run- About  Raid  (The),  Murray's 
insurrection  against  lord  Darnlev.  So 
called  from  the  hasty  and  incessant  man- 
ner in  which  the  conspirators  posted  from 
one  part  of  the  kingdom  to  another. 

Runa,  the  dog  of  Argon  and  Kuro, 
sons  of  Annir  king  of  Inis-Thona  an 
island  of  Scandinavia. — Ossian,  Tlte  War 
of  Jnis-  Thona. 

Runners. 

1.  Iphicles,  son  of  Phylakos  and  Kly- 
mCne.  Hesiod  says  he  could  run  over 
ears  of  corn  without  bending  the  stems ; 
and  Demaratos  says  that  he  could  run  on 
the  surface,  of  the  sea. — Argonauts,  i.  60. 

2.  Camilla  queen  of  the  Volsci  was  so 
swift  of  foot  that  she  could  run  over 
standing  corn  without  bending  the  ears, 
and  over  the  sea  without  wetting  her 
feet.— Virgil,  JEncid,  vii.  803  ;  xi.  433. 

Not  so  when  swift  Camilla  scours  the  plain, 
Flies  o'er  tli'  unbending  corn,  and  skims  along  the  main. 

Pope. 

3.  Ladas,  the  swift  runner  of  king 
Alexander.  He  ran  so  fast  that  he  never 
left  a  foot-print  on  the  ground. 

4.  Phidippides,  a  professional  courier, 
ran  from  Athens  to  Sparta  (150  miles)  in 
two  days. 

5.  Theagenes,  a  native  of  Thasos,  was 
noted  for  his  swiftness  of  foot. 

%*  The  Creek  hemerodromos  would 
run  from  twenty  to  thirty-six  leagues  in 
a  day. 

Runnymede,  the  nom  de  plume  of 
l'enj.  Disraeli  in  the  Times  (1805-        ). 

Rupert,  i.e.  major  RoBelheim,  the 
betrothed  of  Meeta  "the maid  of  Marien- 
dorpt." — S.  Knowles,  The  Maid  of  Marten- 
dorpt  (1838). 

Rupert    (Priw'c),    in    the    service    of 

Charles  II.  Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott 
in  three  of  his  novels —  Woodstock,  Legend 
of  Montrose,  and  J'evcril  of  the  l'eak. 


RUPERT. 

Rupert  (Sir),  in  love  with  Catherine. — 
S.  Knowles,  Love  (1840). 

Rupert  of  Debate.  Edward 
Geoffrey  earl  of  Derby,  when  he  was  Mr. 
Stanley,  was  so  called  by  lord  Lytton 
(1799-1869). 

Rush  (Friar),  a  house-spirit,  sent 
from  the  infernal  regions  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  to  keep  the  monks  and 
friars  in  the  same  state  of  wickedness 
they  then  were. 

%*  The  legends  of  this  roistering 
friar  are  of  German  origin.  (Bruder 
Rausch  means  "  brother  Tipple.") 

Milton  confounds  "  Jack-o'-Lantern  " 
with  friar  Rush.  The  latter  was  not  a 
field  bogie  at  all,  and  was  never  called 
"Jack."  Probably  Milton  meant  "a 
friar  with  a  rush-[light]."  Sir  Walter 
Scott  also  falls  into  the  same  error : 

Better  we  had  thro'  mire  and  bush 
Been  lanthern-led  by  friar  Bush. 

Marmion  (1808). 

Rusil'la,  mother  of  Roderick  the  last 
of  the  Goths,  and  wife  of  Theodofred 
rightful  heir  to  the  Spanish  throne. — 
Southey,  Roderick,  etc.  (1814). 

Rusport  (Lady),  second  wife  of  sir 
Stephen  Rusport  a  City  knight,  and  step- 
mother of  Charlotte  Rusport.  Very 
proud,  very  mean,  very  dogmatical,  and 
very  vain.  Without  one  spark  of  gene- 
rosity or  loving  charity  in  her  compo- 
sition. She  bribes  her  lawyer  to  destroy 
a  will,  but  is  thwarted  in  her  dishonesty. 
Lady  Rusport  has  a  tendresse  for  major 
O'Flaherty;  but  the  major  discovers  the 
villainy  of  the  old  woman,  and  escapes 
from  this  Scylla. 

Charlotte  Rusport,  step-daughter  of 
lady  Rusport.  An  amiable,  ingenuous, 
animated,  handsome  girl,  in  love  with 
her  cousin  Charles  Dudley,  whom  she 
marries. — R.  Cumberland,  The  West 
Indian  (1771). 

Russet  (Mr.),  the  choleric  old  father 
of  Harriot,  on  whom  he  dotes.  He  is 
so  self-willed  that  he  will  not  listen  to 
reason,  and  has  set  his  mind  on  his 
daughter  marrying  sir  Harry  Beagle. 
She  marries,  however,  Mr.  Oakly.  (See 
Harriot.) — George  Colman,  The  Jealous 
Wife  (1761). 

Russian  Byron  (The),  Alexander 
Ser-eivitch  Pushkin  (1799-1837). 

Russian  History  (The  Father  of), 
Nestor,  a  monk  of  Kiev.  His  Chronicle 
includes  the  years  between  8G2  and  1116 
(twelfth  century). 


852  RUTH. 


Russian  Murat  (The),  Michael 
Miloradowitch  (1770-1820). 

Rust  (Martin),  an  absurd  old  anti- 
quary. "  He  likes  no  coins  but  those 
which  have  no  head  on  them."  He  took 
a  fancy  to  Juliet,  the  niece  of  sir  Thomas 
Loft}',  but  preferred  his  "ifcneas,  his 
precious  relic  of  Troy,"  to  the  living 
beauty ;  and  Juliet  preferred  Richard 
Bever  to  Mr.  Rust ;  so  matters  were 
soon  amicably  adjusted. — Foote,  The 
Patron  (1764). 

Rustam,  chief  of  the  Persian  mythi- 
cal heroes,  son  of  Zal  "the  Pair,"  king 
of  India,  and  regular  descendant  of  Ben- 
jamin the  beloved  son  of  Jacob  the 
patriarch.  He  delivered  king  Caicaus 
(4  syl.)  from  prison,  but  afterwards  fell 
into  disgrace  because  he  refused  to  em- 
brace the  religious  system  of  Zoroaster. 
Caicaus  sent  his  son,  Asfendiar  (or  Is- 
fendiar)  to  convert  him,  and,  as  persua- 
sion availed  nothing,  the  logic  of  single 
combat  was  resorted  to.  The  fight  lasted 
two  days,  and  then  Rustam  discovered 
that  Asfendiar  bore  a  "  charmed  life," 
proof  against  all  wounds.  The  valour  of 
these  two  heroes  is  proverbial,  and  the 
Persian  romances  are  full  of  their  deeds 
of  fight. 

RustcmCs  Horse,  Reksh.  —  Chardin, 
Travels  (1686-1711). 

In  Matthew  Arnold's  poem,  Sohrab  and 
Rustnm,  Rustum  fights  with  and  over- 
comes Sohrab,  and  finds  too  late  that  he 
has  slain  his  own  son. 

Rustam,  son  of  Tamur  king  of  Persia. 
He  had  a  trial  of  strength  with  Rustam 
son  of  Zal,  which  was  to  pull  away  from 
his  adversary  an  iron  ring.  The  combat 
was  never  decided,  for  Rustam  could  no 
more  conquer  Rustam  than  Roland  could 
overcome  Oliver. — Chardin,  Iravels  (1686- 
1711). 

Rusticus's  Pig,  the  pig  on  which 
Rusticus    fed    daily,    but    which    never 

diminished. 

Two  Christians,  travelling  in  Poland,  .  .  .  came  to  the 
door  of  Rusticus,  a  heathen  i  easant,  who  had  killed  a 
fat  hog  to  celebrate  the  birth  of  a  sou.  The  pilgrims, 
being  invited  to  partake  of  the  feast,  pronounced  a 
blessing  on  what  was  lett,  which  never  dtmenlsAed  in 
size  or  weight  from  that  moment,  though  all  the  family 
red  on  it  freely  everj  day.— J.  Brady,  CUivU  Calendaria, 
1S3. 

This,  of  course,  is  a  parallelism  t» 
Elijah's  miracle  (1  Jungs  xvii.  11-16). 

Rut  (Doctor),  in  The  Magnetic  Lady% 
by  lien  Jonson  (1632). 

Ruth,  the  friend  of  Arabella  an 
heiress,  and  ward  of  justice  Day.     Ruth 


BUTHVEN. 


853 


SABA. 


also  is  an  orphan,  the  daaghtei  of  sir 
Basil  Thorougbgood,  who  died  when  she 
was  two  years  old,  leaving  justice  Day 
trustee.  Justice  Day  takes  the  estab  -, 
ami  brings  ii|i  Ruth  as  his  own  daughter. 
Colonel  Careless  is  her  accepted  ami  de 
cceur. — T.  Knight,  TJte  Honest  Thieves. 

Ruthven  (Lord),  one  of  the  embassy 
from  queen  Elizabeth  to  Mary  queen  of 
Scots. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  Abbot  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Rutil'io,  a  merry  gentleman,  brother 
of  Arnoldo. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Custom  of  the  Country  (1G47). 

Rutland  {The  countess  of),  wife  of 
the  earl  of  Essex,  whom  lie  married  when 
he  started  for  Ireland.  The  queen  knew 
not  of  the  marriage,  and  was  heart- 
broken when  she  heard  of  it. — Henry 
Jones,  The  Earl  of  Essex  (1745). 

Rutland  (The  duchess  of),  of  the  court 
of  queen  Elizabeth.  —  Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time* Elizabeth). 

Rutledge  (Archie),  constable  at 
Osbaldistone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Rob 
Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Rutledge  (Job),  a  smuggler. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redyauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Rut'terkin,  name  of  a  cat  the  spirit 
of  a  witch,  sent  at  one  time  to  torment 
the  countess  of  Rutland  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury). 

Ruy'dera,  a  duenna  who  had  seven 
daughters  and  two  nieces.  They  were 
imprisoned  for  500  years  in  the  cavern 
of  Montesi'nos,  in  La  Mancha  of  Spain. 
Their  ceaseless  weeping  stirred  the  com- 
passion of  Merlin,  who  converted  them 
into  lakes  in  the  same  province. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote,  II.  ii.  6  (1015). 

R.  V.  S.  V.  P.,  i.e.  r€pondez  vite  si 
vous  plait. 

Ryenee  (Sir),  king  of  Wales,  Ire- 
land, and  many  of  the  isles.  \\  hen 
Arthur  first  mounted  the  throne,  king 
Ryenee,  in  Bcorn,  sent  a  messenger  to  say 
"  he  had  purfled  a  mantle  with  the  beards 
of  kings;  but  the  mantle  licked  one 
more  beard  to  complete  the  lining,  ami 
he  requested  Arthur  to  send  his  beard  by 
the    messenger,  or  else   he  would  come 

and  take  head  and  heard  ton."  Part  of 
the  insolence  was  in  this:  Arthur  at  the 
time  was  too  young  to  have  a  heard  at 
all;  and  he  made  answer,  "Tell  your 
master,  my  beard  at  present  is  all  too 
young  for  purfling  ;  hut.  1   have  an  arm 


quite  strong  enough  to  dra<r  him  hither, 

he  comes  without  delay  to  do  me 

homage."     By  the  advice  of  Merlin,  the 

two  brothers  lialin  and  I'.alan  Bet  upon 
the  insolent  king,  on  his  way  to  lady  1  )c 
Vance,  overthrew  him,  slew  "more  than 
forty  of  his  men,  and  the  remnant  tied.'' 
King  Ryenee  craved  for  mercy  ;  so  "  they 
laid  him  on  a  horse-litter,  and  sent  him 
captive  to  king  Arthur." — SirT.  Malory, 
History  of  trince  Arthur,  i.  24,  84  (1470). 

Rymar  (Mr.  Robert),  poet  at  the  Spa. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Ronan's  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Ryno,  youngest  of  the  sons  of  FinL'al 
king  of  Morven.  He  fell  in  the  battle 
of  Lena  between  the  Norsemen  led  by 
Swaranand  the  Irish  led  by  Fingal. 

"Rest!"  said  Finsal  ;  "jmmgestof  my  sons,  rertl 
Best,  0  Rjmo,  on  Lena :  We,  toei,  shall  l>e  no  mora. 
Warriors  must  one  day  fall."— Oarian,  fini/al,  r. 

Ryparog'rapher  of  Wits,  Rabe- 
lais (1495-1553). 

%*  Greek,  ruparos  ("foul,  nasty"). 
Pliny  calls  Pyrlcu3  the  painter  a  "  ry- 
parographer." 

Rython,  a   giant   of   Brittany,  slam 
by  king  Arthur.     (See  Rmio,  p.  832.) 
Rython,  the  mighty  giant,  slain, 
r.v  his  good  brand  relieved  Bretagna. 

Sir  W.  Scott,  UrU^i  of  TrUrmatn,  U.  11  (1S1J). 


Saadi  or  Sadi,  the  Persian  poet,  called 

"The  Nightingale  of  a  Thousand  Songs." 
His  poems  are  Tht  Qviistan  or  "Garden 
of  Roses,"  'Tlie  Boston  or  "  Garden  of 
Fruits,  "  and  The  l'en<l-X<hneh,  a  moral 
poem.  Saadi  (1184  L268)  was  one  of 
the  "  Four  Monarchs  of  Eloquence  "  (see 
p.  292). 

Saba  or  Zaba  (The  queen  of),  called 
Balkis.  She  came  to  the  court  of  Solomon, 
and    had    by  him    a   son    named    Melech. 

This  queen  of   Ethiopia  or  Abyssinia  is 

sometimes  called    Maqueda. — Zaga  ZaOOg 

A/>.  Dcunian.  a  6 

The  Kordn  (ch.  xxvii.)  tells  us  that 
Solomon  Bummoned  before  him  all  the 
birds  to  the  valley  of  ants,  but  the  lap- 
wing did  not  put  in  an  appearance. 
Solomon    was    an_'rv,    and    was    about    to 


SABBATH-BREAKERS. 


854 


SACRED  ISLE. 


'sgue  an  order  of  death,  when  the  bird 
presented  itself,  saying,  "  I  come  from 
Saba,  where  I  found  a  queen  reigning  in 
great  magnificence,  but  she  and  her  sub- 
jects worship  the  sun."  On  hearing  this, 
Solomon  sent  back  the  lapwing  to  Saba 
with  a  letter,  which  the  bird  was  to  drop 
at  the  foot  of  the  queen,  commanding  her 
to  come  at  once,  submit  herself  unto  him, 
anil  accept  from  him  the  "  true  religion." 
So  she  came  in  great  state,  with  a  train 
»f  500  slaves  of  each  sex,  bearing  500 
*•  bricks  of  solid  gold,"  a  crown,  and 
sundry  other  presents. 

Sabbath-Breakers.  The  fish  of 
the  Red  Sea  used  to  come  ashore  on  the 
eve  of  the  sabbath,  to  tempt  the  Jews  to 
violate  the  day  of  rest.  The  offenders  ;it 
length  became  so  numerous  that  David, 
to  deter  others,  turned  the  fish  into  apes. — 
Jallalo'ddin. — Al  Zanuxkh. 

Sabellan  Song,  incantation.  The 
Sabelli  or  Samnites  were  noted  for  their 
magic  arts  ard  incantations. 

Sabine  (The).  Numathe  Sabine  was 
taught  the  way  to  govern  by  EgOHa,  one  of 
the  Camcnae  (prophetic  nymphs  of  ancient 
Italy),  lie  used  to  meet  her  in  a  grove, 
in  which  was  a  well,  afterwards  dedicated 
by  him  to  the  Camenae. 

Our  statue- — she 

That  Uiuyht  the  Sabine  how  to  rule. 

Tennyson,  The  I'rinceu,  1L  (1S30). 

Sablonniere  (La),  the  Tuileries. 
The  word  means  the  "sand-pit."  The 
tuilencs  means  the  "tile-works."  Nico- 
las de  Neuvillc,  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
built  a  mansion  in  the  vicinity,  which  he 
called  the  "  Hotel  des  Tuileries,"  and 
Francois  I.  bought  the  property  for  his 
mother  in  1518. 

Sabra,  daughter  of  Ptolemy  king  of 
Egypt.  She  was  rescued  by  St.  George 
from  the  hands  of  a  giant,  and  ultimately 
married  her  deliverer.  Sabra  had  three 
sons  at  a  birth  :  Guy,  Alexander,  and 
David. 

Here  come  I,  St.  George,  the  valiant  man, 
Willi  naked  sword  and  Spear  in  linn'. 
WlKi  fought  the  dragon  and  brought  lilm  to  slnughter. 
And  won  lair  Sahrn  thus,  the  king  of  Egypt's  daughter. 
Sulci  and  Queriet,  December  21,  1878. 

Sabreur  (Le  Beau),  Joachim  Murat 
(1767-1815). 

Sab'rin,  Sabre,  or  Sabri'na,  the 
Severn,  daughter  of  Locrine  (son  of  Brute) 
and  his  concubine  Estrildis.  His  queen 
Guendolen  vowed  vengeance,  and,  having 
assembled  an  army,  made  war  upon 
Locrine,  who  was  .slain.      Guendolen  now 


assumed  the  government,  and  commanded 
Estrildis  and  Sabrin  to  be  cast  into  a 
river,  since  then  called  the  Severn. — 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  British  History, 
ii.  5  (1142). 

(An  exquisite  description  of  Sabine, 
sitting  in  state  as  a  queen,  is  given  in  the 
opening  of  song  v.  of  Drayton's  Poluolbion, 
and  the  tale  of  her  metamorphosis  is  re- 
corded at  length  in  song  vi.  Milton  in 
Comus,  and  Fletcher  in  The  Faithful 
Shepherdess,  refer  to  the  transformation 
of  Sabrina  into  a  river.) 

Sabrinian  Sea  or  Serern  Sea,  i.e.  the 
Bristol  Channel.  Both  terms  occur  not 
unfrequently  in  Drayton's  Polyolbion. 

Sacchini  (Antonio  Maria  Gaspare), 
called  "The  Racine  of  Music,"  con- 
temporary with  Glilck  and  Piccini  (1735- 
1786). 

I  composed  a  thing  to-day  In  all  the  gusto  of  Sacchini 
ami  tl><'  sweetness  of  Glilck.—  Mrs.  Cowley,  A  Bold  Strok* 
for  a  Uutband. 

Sacharissa.  So  \yaller  calls  thelady 
Dorothea  Sidney,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  to  whose  hand  he 
aspired.  Sacharissa  married  the  earl  of 
Sunderland.     (Greek,  sakchar,  "  sugar.") 

Sachente'ges  (4  syl.),  instruments 
of  torture.  A  sharp  iron  collar  was  put 
round  the  victim's  throat,  and  as  he  could 
not  stir  without  cutting  himself,  he  could 
neither  sit,  lie,  nor  sleep. — Ingram,  Saxon 
Chronicle. 

Sackbut,  the  landlord  of  a  tavern,  in 
Mrs.  Ccntlivre's  comedy  A  Bold  Stroke 
for  a  Wife  (1717). 

Sackerson  or  Sacarson  and 
"Harry  Hunkes  "  were  two  famous  bears 
exhibited  in  the  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth 
at  Paris  Garden,  Southwark. 

Publius,  a  student  of  the  common  law. 
To  Paris  Garden  doth  himself  withdraw- 
Leaving  old  l'l.ndcn.  Dyer,  and  Broke  alone. 
To  see  old  Harry  BunJui  and  SoeansH. 

Sir  John  Davles,  Epigram  (about  1S0S). 

Sacred  Fish,  Greek,  ichthus  ("a 
fish  "),  is  compounded  of  the  initial  Greek 
letters  :  I[esous],  CH[ristos],  TH[cou] 
U[ios],  S[oterJ  ("  Jesus  Christ,  God'l 
Son,  Saviour").  Tennyson,  describing 
the  "  Lady  of  the  Lake,"  says : 

And  o'er  her  breast  floated  the  sacred  fish. 

PffmH  arid  Lunette  (1853) 

Sacred  Isle  (The),  Ireland.  Alst 
called  "The  Holy  Isle,"  from  its  multitude 
of  saints. 

The  &icred  Isle,  Scatter}",  to  which  St. 
Scnatus  retired,  and  vowed  no  woman 
should  set  foot  thereon. 


SACKED  NINE. 


855 


SAFE  BIND,  SAFE  FIND. 


Oh,  haste  and  leave  this  sacred  isle, 
Unholy  bark,  ere  morning  smile. 

T.  Moore,   IrUA   Meiodiet  ("St   Senatui 
and  the  Lady,'- 1814). 

Tlie  Sacred  Isle,  Enhallcrw,  one  of  the 
Orkneys.  (Norse,  Eyinhalga,  "  holy  isle.") 

The  Sacred  Isle,  the  peninsula  of 
mount  Athos  (Ottoman  empire).  This 
island  is  remarkable  for  being  exclusively 
Inhabited  by  males.  Not  only  are 
females  of  the  human  sex  excluded,  but 
cows  also,  mares,  sow-pigs,  hens,  ducks, 
and  females  of  all  the  animal  race. — 
Milner,  Gallery  of  Geography,  (30G. 

Sacred  Nine  ( The),  the  Muses,  nine 
in  number. 

Fair  daughters  of  the  Sun,  the  Sacred  Nine, 
Here  wake  to  ecstasy  their  harps  divine. 

Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  in.  3  (1756). 

Sacred  "War  ( The),  a  war  undertaken 
by  the  Amphictyonic  League  for  the 
defence  of  Delphi  against  the  Cirrhaeans 
(B.C.  595-587). 

Tlie  Sacred  War,  a  war  undertaken 
by  the  Athenians  for  the  purpose  of 
restoring  Delphi  to  the  Phocians  (b.c. 
448-447). 

The  Sacred  War,  a  war  undertaken 
by  Philip  of  Maeedon,  as  chief  of  the 
Amphictyonic  League,  for  the  purpose  of 
wresting  Delphi  from  the  Phocians 
(b.c.  357). 

Sa'cripant  {King),  king  of  Circassia, 
and  a  lover  of  Angelica. — Bo  jar  do, 
Orlando  Innamorato  (1495) ;  Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

With  the  same  stratagem,  Sacripant  had  his  steed 
itolen  from  under  him,  by  that  notorious  tbief  BruneUo, 

at  the  siege  of  Albracca. — Cervantes,  Don  yuUote,  I.  iii. 
»  llliui). 

%*  The  allusion  is  to  Sancho  Panza's 
ass,  which  was  stolen  from  under  him  by 
the  galley-slave  Gines  de  Passamonte. 

Sa'cripant,  a  false,  noisy,  hectoring 
biaggart;  a  kind  of  Pistol  or  Bobadil. — 
Tasso,  Secchia  Jiapita  (i.e.  "Rape  of  tlie 
Bucket "). 

Sadah,  the  sixteenth  night  of  the 
month  Bayaman. — Persian  Calendar. 

Sa'dak  and  Kalasra'de  (4  syl.). 
Sadak,  general  of  the  forces  of  Am'urath 
saltan  of  Turkey,  lived  with  E£alasrad€ 
in  retirement,  and  their  home  life  was  so 
happy  that  it  aroused  the  jealousy  of  the 
Btiltan,  who  employed  emissaries  to  set 
fire  to  their  house,  carry  off  Kalasrade  to 
the  seraglio,  and  seize  the  children. 
Sadak,  not  knowing  who  were  the  agents 
of  these  evils,  laid  his  complaint  before 
Amurath,  and  then  learnt  that  Kalasrado 


was  in  the  seraglio.  The  sultan  swore 
not  to  force  his  love  upon  her  till  she 
had  drowned  the  recollection  of  her  past 
life  by  a  draught  of  the  waters  of  oblivion. 
Sadak  was  sent  on  this  expedition.  On 
his  return,  Amurath  seized  the  goblet, 
and,  quaffing  its  contents,  found  "  that 
the  waters  of  oblivion  were  the  waters 
of  death."  He  died,  and  Sadak  was 
made  sultan  in  his  stead. — .T.  Ridley, 
Tales  of  the  Genii  ( ' '  Sadak  and  Kalasrade , " 
ix.,  1751). 

Sadaroubay.  So  Eve  is  called  in 
Indian  mythology. 

Sadder,  one  of  the  sacred  books  of 
the  Guebres  or  Parsis. 

Saddle  and  the  Ground. 

Between  the  saddle  and  the  ground, 
Mercy  he  sought,  and  mercy  found  ; 

Should  be : 

Betwixt  the  stirrup  and  the  ground, 
Mercy  I  asked,  mercy  I  found. 

It  is  quoted  in  Camden's  liemains.  "A 
gentleman  fell  from  his  horse,  and  broke 
his  neck.  Some  said  it  was  a  judgment 
on  his  evil  life,  but  a  friend,  calling  to 
mind  the  epitaph  of  St.  Augustine, 
Miscricordia  Domini  inter  pontem  etfvntem, 
wrote  the  distich  given  above." 

Saddletree  (Mr.  Bartoline),  the 
learned  saddler. 

Mrs.  Saddletree,  the  wife  of  Bartoline. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Sadha-Sing,  the  mourner  of  the 
desert. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Tiie  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Ssemund  Sigfusson,  surnamed 
"the  Wise,"  an  Icelandic  priest  and 
scald.  He  compiled  the  Elder  or  Rhyth- 
mical Edda,  often  called  Sa:>nund's  Edda, 
This  compilation  contains  not  only  my- 
thological tales  and  moral  sentences,  but 
numerous  sagas  in  verse  or  heroic  lays, 
as  those  of  VOlung  and  Helge,  of  Sigurd 
and  Brynhilda,  of  Folsnngs  and  Nitlungs 
(pt.  ii.j.  Probably  his  compilation  con- 
tained all  the  mythological,  heroic,  and 
Legendary  lays  extant  at  the  period  in 
which  he  lived  (1054-1133). 

Safa,  in  Arabia,  the  hill  on  which 
Adam  and  Eve  came  together,  after 
having  been  parted  for  200  years,  during 
which  time  t!u-y  wandered  homeless  over 
the  face  of  the  earth. 

Safe  Bind,  Safe  Find.— T.  Tusser, 
Th»  Points  of  Iluswifery  ("Washing," 
1557). 


SAFFRON  GOWN. 


856 


SAGAS. 


Saffron  Gown. 

She  the  saffron  gown  will  never  wear, 

And  in  no  flower-strewn  cnucli  shall  she  be  laid. 

W.  Morris,  Atalanta'i  Race. 

The  poethas  mistaken  o-a60/j&)i<("  chaste, 
modest ")  for  saffron,  a  word  wholly 
unknown  in  the  Greek  or  Latin  language. 
The  "saophron"  was  a  girdle  worn  by 
girls,  indicative  of  chastity,  and  not 
yellow  or  saffron  at  all.  (Saffron  is  the 
Arabic  zaphran,  through  the  French 
sa/ran.) 

Saga,  the  goddess  of  history. — Scan- 
dinavian Mythology. 

Saga  and  Edda.  The  Edda  is  the 
I?ible  of  the  ancient  Scandinavians.  A 
saga  is  a  book  of  instruction,  generally 
but  not  always  in  the  form  of  a  tale,  like 
a  Welsh  "  mabinogi."  In  the  Jidda 
there  are  numerous  sagas.  As  our  Bible 
contains  the  history  of  the  Jews,  re- 
ligious songs,  moral  proverbs,  and  re- 
ligious stories,  so  the  Edda  contained 
the  history  of  Norway,  religious  songs, 
a  book  of  proverbs,  and  numerous  stories. 
The  original  Edda  was  compiled  and 
edited  by  Saemund  Sigfusson,  an  Icelandic 
priest  and  scald,  in  the  eleventh  century. 
It  contains  twenty-eight  parts  or  bookB, 
all  of  which  are  in  verse. 

Two  hundred  years  later,  Snorro  Stur- 
leson  of  Iceland  abridged,  re-arranged, 
and  reduced  to  prose  the  Edda,  giving 
the  various  parts  a  kind  of  dramatic 
form,  like  the  dialogues  of  Plato.  It 
then  became  needful  to  distinguish  these 
twro  works  ;  so  the  old  poetical  compila- 
tion is  called  the  Elder  or  Rhythmical 
Edda,  and  sometimes  the  Sanmina  Edda, 
while  the  more  modern  work  is  called 
the  Younger  or  Prose  Edda,  and  some- 
times the  Snorro  Edda.  The  Younger 
Edda  is,  however,  partly  original.  Ft. 
i.  is  the  old  Edda  reduced  to  prose,  but 
pt.  ii.  is  Sturleson's  own  collection.  This 
part  contains  "  The  Discourse  of  Bragi  " 
(the  scald  of  the  gods)  on  the  origin  of 
poetry  ;  and  here,  too,  we  find  the  famous 
story  called  by  the  Germans  the  A'ibclun- 
gen  Lied. 

Sagas.  Besides  the  sagas  contained  in 
the  Eddas,  there  are  numerous  others. 
Indeed,  the  whole  saga  literature  extends 
over  200  volumes. 

I.  The  Edda  Sagas.  The  Edda  is 
divided  into  two  parts  and  twenty- 
eight  lays  or  poetical  sagas.  The  first 
part  relates  to  the  gods  and  heroes  of 
Scandinavia,  creation,  and  the  early  his- 
tory   of    Norway.       The    Scandinavian 


"Books  of  Genesis"  are  the  " Volnspa 
Saga"  or  "prophecy  of  Vola"  (about  230 
verses),  "  Vaf  thrudner's  Saga,"  and 
"  ( iri  inner' s  Saga."  These  three  resemble 
the  Sibylline  books  of  ancient  Rome,  and 
give  a  description  of  chaos,  the  forma- 
tion of  the  world,  the  creation  of  all 
animals  (including  dwarfs,  giants,  and 
fairies),  the  general  conflagration,  and 
the  renewal  of  the  world,  when,  like 
the  new  Jerusalem,  it  will  appear  all 
glorious,  and  there  shall  in  no  wise  entef 
therein  "  anything  that  defileth,  neither 
whatsoever  worketh  abomination,  or 
maketh  a  lie." 

The  "  Book  of  Proverbs  "  in  the  Edda 
is  called  the  "  Huvamiil  Saga,"  and  some- 
times "The  High  Song  of  Odin." 

The  "  Volsunga  Saga  "  is  a  collection  of 
lays  about  the  early  Teutonic  heroes. 

The  "  Saga  of  St.  Olaf  "  is  the  history 
of  this  Norwegian  king.  He  was  a  savage 
tyrant,  hated  by  his  subjects,  but  because 
he  aided  the  priests  in  forcing  Chris- 
tianity on  his  subjects,  he  was  canonized. 

The  other  sagas  in  the  Edda  are  "The 
Song  of  Lodbrok  "  or  "  Lodbrog,"  "Her- 
vara  Saga,"  the  "Vilkina  Saga,"  the 
"  Blomsturvalla  Saga,"  the  "Ynglinga 
Saga"  (all  relating  to  Norway),  the  "Joms- 
vikingia  Saga,"  and  the  "Knytlinga 
Saga"  (which  pertain  to  Denmark),  the 
"  Sturlunga  Saga,"  and  the  "  Eryrbiggia 
Saga"  (which  pertain  to  Iceland).  All  the 
above  were  compiled  and  edited  by  Ste- 
rn und  Sigfusson,  and  are  in  verse  ;  but 
Snorro  Sturleson  reduced  them  to  prose 
in  his  prose  version  of  the  old  Edda. 

II.  Sagas  not  in  the  Edda.  Snorro 
Sturleson,  at  the  close  of  the  twelfth 
century,  made  the  second  great  collec- 
tion of  chronicles  in  verse,  called  the 
Heimskringla  Saga,  or  the  book  of  the 
kings  of  Norway,  from  the  remotest 
period  to  the  year  1177.  This  is  a  most 
valuable  record  of  the  laws,  customs,  and 
manners  of  the  ancient  Scandinavians. 
Samuel  Laing  published  his  English 
translation  of  it  in  1844. 
-  1.  The  Icelandic  Sagas.  Besides  the 
two  Icelandic  sagas  collected  by  Saemund 
Sigfusson,  numerous  others  were  sub- 
sequently embodied  in  the  Landama  Huh, 
set  on  foot  by  Ari  hinn  Fronde,  and  con- 
tinued by  various  hands. 

2.  Frithjof  a  Saga  contains  the  life  and 
adventures  of  Frithjof  of  Iceland,  who 
fell  in  love  with  Ingeborg,  the  beautiful 
wife  of  Ilring,  king  of  Norway.  On  the 
death  of  Ilring,  the  young  widow  mar- 
ried her  Icelandic  lover.     Frithjof  lived 


SAGAMAN. 


857 


ST.  ALDOBRANT. 


In  the  eighth  century,  and  this  saga  was 
compiled  at  the  beginning  of  the  four- 
teenfib  century,  a  year  or  two  after  the 
Heimskringla.  It  is  very  interesting, 
because  Tegnc'r,  the  Swedish  poet,  liaa 
selected  it  for  his  Idylls  (1825),  just  as 
Tennvson  has  taken  his  idyllic  Btones 
from  the  Morte  d' Arthur  or  the  Welsh 
Mabinonion.  TegntVs  Idylls  were  trans- 
lated into  English  by  Latham  (1888),  by 
Steph.  js  (1841),  and  by  Ulackley  (1857). 

3.  The  Swedish  Saga  or  lay  of  Swedish 
"history"  is  the  Ingvars  Saga.  _ 

4.  7'Ae  Ihtssian  Saga  or  lay  of  Russian 
legendary  history  is  the  Egmunds  Saga. 

5.  7'A<?  Fb/As  Sagas  are  stories  of  ro- 
mance. From  this  ancient  collection  we 
have  derived  OUT  nursery  tales  of  Jack 
and  the  Bean-Stalk,  Jack  the  Giant-KUler, 
the  Giant  who  smelt  the  Blood  of  an  Eng- 
lishman. Blue  Beard,  Cinderella,  the  Little 
Old  Woman  cut  Shorter,  the  Pw  that 
wouldn't  go  over  the  Bridge,  I'uss  in 
Boots,  and  even  the  first  sketches  of 
Whittington  and  Jlis  Cat,  and  Barm 
Munchausen.  (See  Dascnt  Tales  from  the 
Horse,  1859.)  .  . 

6.  Sagas  of  Foreign  origin.  Besides 
the  rich  stores  of  original  tales,  Beveral 
foreign  ones  have  been  imported  and 
translated  into  Norse,  such  as  Barlaham 
and  Josaphat,  by  Rudolf  of  Ems,  one  of 
the  German  minnesingers  (see  p.  Jv). 
On  the  other  hand,  the  minnesingers 
borrowed  from  the  Norse  sagas  then 
famous  story  embodied  in  the  Ntbelungen 
Lied,  called  the  "German  lhad,  which 
is  from  the  second  part  of  Snorro  Stur- 
leson's  Edda. 

Sneaman,  a  narrator  of  sagas.  These 
ancient  chroniclers  differed  from  sealds 
in  Beveral  respects.  Sealds  were  min- 
strels, who  celebrated  in  verse  the  ex- 
, doits  of  living  kings  or  national  heroes; 
sagamen  were  tellers  of  legendary  stones, 
cither  iii  prose  or  veree,  hke  Scnehera- 
a&dgthe  narrator  of  the  Arabian  Ntghts. 
the  mandarin  Fiim-Honm  the  teller  ol 
the  Chin  Moradbak  the  teller 

of  the  Oriental  Tales,  Feramorz  who  told 
the  tales  to  Lalla  Rookh,  and  so  on. 
Again,  scalds  resided  at  court,  were 
attached  to  the  royal  suite,  and  followed 
the  kn,g  in  all  ins  expeditions?  but 
sagamen  were  free  and  unattached,  and 
told  their  tales  to  prince  or  peasant,  in 
lordly  hull  or  at  village  wake. 

Sagam'ite  (4  syl.),  a  kind  of  soup  or 
tisan,  given  by  American  Indians  to  the 
■ick. 


Our  rlrgtni  B  d  i  ai  with  their  Undrf  bowh 

Oertrwit  a)  H    *  ■>•"}.  I.  19  (lBom. 

Sage    of   Concord    {The),    Ralph 
Waldo    !  "■•     l  nited 

States,  author  of  Literary   1 

I 
English    Traits    (1856).    and    numerous 
other  works  (1808-         ). 
In  Mr  Bmenon  vebwea  r-*'  nnA  n  profoundly  rc- 
n,  who  la  really  and  entirely  undaunted  bjr  tho 

his  case,  r  k«l,er 

rover  broUiei  ■  teuca  bj  I   i    h  uid,  and  cheers  I 
Immortal  liuiehter.     Bj  Emerson  epUo"!! 

are  continually  tranamuted  Into  the  flner  forma  and 
warmer  llnea  ..fan  Ideal  wwli-Proleewr  lyiidall.  Atay- 
mentt  0/  ScUiice. 

No  one  who  lias  converse.)  with  the  B 
can  wonder  at  the  lore  which  his  nelghbo  in  reel  for  Mm. 
or  the  n-verence  with  which  be  is  regarded  i.y  Uiesebolara 
of   England   and    America.— Nnrnpaptr   Uioyr«piiic+i 
Sketch,  May,  18711. 

Sage  of  Monticello  (The),  Thomas 
Jefferson,  the  third  president  of  tho 
United  States,  whose  country  seat  van 
at  Monticello. 

A3  from  tho  crave  where  Henry'slecps, 

Prom  v.  11  non'   weeping  willow. 
And  from  the  ;i  a  q  poll  which  hidea 

ige  ..f  Monticello  .  .  . 
Virginia,  o'er  Ihj  land 
A  warning  rolce  la  swelling.  „„-_ 

Whittier,  foio—  0/  Freedom  (1830). 

Sage  of  Sanios  (The),  Pythagoras, 

a  native  of  Samos  (n.c.  584-506). 

Sages  ( The  Seven).  (See  Seven  Wisb 
Men  ok  Greece.) 

Sag'ittary,  a  monster,  half  man  and 
half  beast,  described  as  "  a  terrible  archer, 
which  neighs  like  ahorse,  and  with  eyes 
of    tire    which     strike    men    dead     like 
lightning."    Any  deadly  shot  is  a 
tary.— Guido   delle    Colonna  (thirteenth 
century),  Historia  Trot/ana  Prosayce  Gam~ 
posita  (translated  by  Lydgate). 
Tlie  dreadful  B 
Appall  our  numbers. 
Shakespeare.   Trvilu*  <ind  CrttsUa  (1SW). 

(See  also  Othello,  act  i.  sc.  1,  8.  The 
barrack  is  so  called  from  the  figure  of  an 
archer  over  the  door.) 


Of 


Sagramour  le  De'sirus,  a  knight 
the  Round  Table.— See  LauneeU  du 
Lac  and  .1/  irfr  d' Arthur. 

Sa'hira  (Al),  one  of  the  names  of 
hell.— Sale,  .1/  Kor,in,  lxxix.  notes. 

Sailor  Kins  (The),  William  IV.  of 
Great  Britain  (1765,  1830  IS      • 

Saint  I  The),  Kang-he  of  China,  who 

assumed  the  name  of  thm-lsou-jin  v"''''!. 

St.  Aldobrand,  the  noble  husband 

of    lady    [tnogine,     murdered    by    count 


ST.  ALME. 


858 


ST.  CHRISTOPHER. 


Bertram  her  quondam  lover. — C.  Maturin, 
Bertram  (1816). 

St.  Alme  (Captain),  son  of  Darlemont 
a  merchant,  guardian  of  Julio  count  of 
Harancour.  He  pays  his  addresses  to 
Marianne  Franval,  to  whom  he  is  ulti- 
mately married.  Captain  St.  Alme  is 
generous,  high-spirited,  and  noble- 
minded. — Thomas  Holcroft,  The  Deaf  and 
Dumb  (1785). 

St.  Andre,  a  fashionable  dancing- 
Blaster  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 

8t  Andre's  feet  ne'er  kept  more  equal  time. 

Dryden,  Macttecknoc  (1682). 

St.  An'gelo  (Castle  of),  once  called 
the  Molus  Adria'ni,  the  tomb  of  the 
emperor  Adrian,  a  structure  as  big  as  a 
village. 

St.  Asaph  (The  dean  of),  in  the 
court  of  queen  Elizabeth. — Sir  \V.  Scott, 
Kenilvaorth  (1821). 

St.  Basil  Outwits  the  DeviL 
(See  Sinner  Saved.) 

St.  Bef  ana,  the  day  of  the  Epiphany 
(January  6).     (See  BBFAKA,  p.  90.) 

St.  Botolph  (The  prior  of).— Sir  W. 
Scott,  loanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

St.  B randan  or  San  Bor'andan 
(The  Island  of),  a  flying  island,  some 
ninety  leagues  in  length,  west  of  the 
Canaries.  In  an  old  French  geographical 
chart  it  is  placed  5°  west  of  Ferro  Island, 
29°  N.  lat.  So  late  as  1721  Spain  sent 
an  expedition  in  quest  of  this  fabulous 
island.  The  Spaniards  believe  that  king 
Rodri'go  ("  the  last  of  the  Golhs")  made 
this  island  his  retreat.  The  Portuguese 
assign  it  to  St.  Sebastian.  The  poets  Bay 
it  was  rendered  inaccessible  to  man  by 
diabolical  magic.  Probably  it  owes  its 
existence  to  some  atmopaeric  illusion, 
6uch  as  the  Fata  morjana. 

St.  Cecili,  Cecily,  or  Cecile  (2 
syl.),  the  daughter  of  noble  Roman 
parents,  and  a  Christian.  She  married 
Valirian.  One  day,  she  told  her  husband 
she  had  "an  aungel  .  .  .  that  with  gret 
love,  wher  so  I  wake  or  slepe,  is  redy  ay 
my  body  for  to  kepe."  Valirian  re- 
quested to  see  this  angel,  and  Cecile  told 
him  he  must  first  go  "to  St.  Urban,  and, 
being  purged  by  him  "fro  synne,  than 
[then]  Bchul  ye  se  that  aungel.  Valirian 
was  accordingly  "  cristened "  bv  St. 
Urban,  returned  home,  and  found  the 
angel  with  two  crowns,  brought  direct 
Erom  paradise.     One  he  gave  i<>   I 


and  one  to  Valirian,  saying  that  "  bothe 
with  the  palme  of  martirdom  schullen 
come  unto  God's  blisful  feste."  Valirian 
sutfered  martyrdom  first ;  then  Alma- 
chius,  the  Roman  prefect,  commanded 
his  officers  to  "  brenne  Cecile  in  a  bath  of 
Ham  ines  red."  She  remained  in  the  bath 
all  day  and  night,  yet  "  sat  she  cold,  and 
felte  of  it  no  woe."  Then  smote  they  her 
three  strokes  upon  the  neck,  but  could 
not  smite  her  head  off.  She  lingered  on 
for  three  whole  days,  preaching  and 
teaching,  and  then  died.  St.  Urban 
buried  her  body  privately  by  night,  andi 
her  house  he  converted  into  a  church, 
which  he  called  the  church  of  Cecily. — 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  ("The  Second 
Nun's  Tale,"  1388). 

St.  Christopher,  a  native  of  Lycia, 
very  tall,  and  fearful  to  look  at.  He  was 
so  proud  of  his  strength  that  he  resolved 
to  serve  only  the  mightiest,  and  went  in 
search  of  a  worthy  master.  He  first 
entered  the  service  of  the  emperor ;  but 
one  day,  seeing  his  master  cross  him- 
self for  fear  of  the  devil,  he  quitted  his 
service  for  that  of  Satan.  This  new 
master  he  found  was  thrown  into  alarm 
at  the  sight  of  a  cross  ;  so  he  quitted 
him  also,  and  went  in  search  of  the 
Saviour.  One  day,  near  a  ferry,  a  little 
child  accosted  him,  and  begged  the  giant 
to  carry  him  across  the  water.  Christo- 
pher put  the  child  on  his  back,  but  found 
every  step  he  took  that  the  child  grew 
heavier  and  heavier,  till  the  burden  was 
more  than  he  could  boar.  As  he  sank 
beneath  his  load,  the  child  told  the  giant 
he  was  Christ,  and  Christopher  resolved 
to  serve  Christ  and  Him  alone.  He 
died  three  days  afterwards,  and  was 
canonized.  The  Greek  and  Latin 
Churches  look  on  him  as  the  protecting 
saint  against  floods,  fire,  and  earthquake. 
— .lames  de  Voragine,(/Wi/e»  Lejcnds,  1U0 
(thirteenth  century). 

%*  His  body  is  said  to  be  at  Valencia, 
in  Spain;  one  of  his  arms  at  Compostclla; 
a  jaw-bone  at  Astorga;  a  shoulder  at  St. 
Peter's,  in  Rome ;  and  a  tooth  and  rib  at 
Venice.  His  day  is  May  9  in  the  Greek 
Church,  and  July  25  in  the  Latin.  Of 
course,  "the  Christ-bearer"  is  an  alle- 
gory. The  gigantic  bones  called  his 
relics  may  serve  for  "matters  of  faith" 
to  give  reality  to  the  fable. 

(His  name  before  conversion  was  Of- 
fCrus,  but  after  he  carried  Christ  across 
the  ford,  it  was  called  Christ-Oherus, 
shortened  into  Christopher,  which  means 
"the  Christ-bearer."; 


ST.  CLARE. 


859      ST.  PATRICK'S  PURGATORY. 


St.  Clare  (August in),  the  kind,  in- 
dulgent master  of  uncle  Tom.  He  was 
beloved  by  all  his  slaves. 

Miss  Evangeline  St.  Clare,  daughter  of 
Mr.  St.  Clare.  Evangeline  was  the  good 
angel  of  the  family,  and  was  adored  by 
uncle  Tom. 

Miss  Ophelia  St.  Clare,  sister  of  Au- 
gustin. — Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe,  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin  (185*2). 

St.  Distaff,  an  imaginary  saint,  to 
whom  January  7  or  Twelfth  Day  is  con- 
secrated. 

Partly  worke  and  partly  play 
You  must  on  St  Distaffs  Day  j 
Give  St.  Distaff  all  the  right. 
Then  give  Christmas  sport  g"od  night. 

Wit  Aiportinij  in  a  PUatant  Grot* 
0/  /few  Panciet  {1057). 

St.  Elmo's  Fires,  those  electric 
lights  seen  playing  about  the  masts  of 
ships  in  stormy  weather. 

And  sudden  bursting  on  their  raptured  sight, 
Appeared  the  splendour  of  St.  Elmo's  light. 

Ariosto,  Orlando  Furiuto,  ix.  (1516). 

In  1G9G  M.  de  Forbes  saw  more  than 
thirty  feux  St.  FJme  on  his  ship. 

./Eneas  tells  Dido  that  these  electric 
lights  danced  about  the  head  of  his  son 
lulus  when  they  left  the  burning  city  of 
Troy. 

Ecce  levis  summo  de  vertice  Wsus  lull 
Fuiniere  lumen  apex,  tractunue  innoxia  moll! 
Lambere  tlamuia  comas  et  circuni  tempore  pud. 
Virgil,  .Encid,  U.  6Sa-t 

to  1  harmless  flames  upon  lulus'  bead, 

While  we  embraced  the  boy,  from  heaven  were  shed, 

played  in  his  hair  and  on  his  temples  fed. 

St.  Etienne.  There  are  sixty-nine 
places  in  France  so  called.  A  Paris 
newspaper  stated  that  the  "receiver  of 
St.  Etienne "  had  embezzled  £4000, 
whereupon  all  the  tax-gatherers  of  the 
sixty-nine  places  called  St.  Etienne 
brought  separate  actions  against  the 
paper,  and  the  editor  had  to  pay  each 
one  a  hundred  francs  damages,  besides 
fine  and  costs. — Standard,  February  24, 
1879. 

St.  Filume'na  or  Ftlomrna,  a  new 

saint  of  the  Latin  Church.  Saliatelli  has 
a  picture  of  this  nineteenth-century  saint, 
representing  her  as  hovering  over  a  group 
of  sick  and  maimed,  who  are  healed  by 
her  intercession.  In  1802  a  grave  was 
found  in  the  cemetery  of  St.  Priscilla, 
and  near  it  three  tiles,  with  these  words, 
in  red  letters : 


LUMEN  A 


PAXTE 


CVMF1 


A  re-arrangement  of  the  tiles  made  the 
inscription,    Tax  Tk  cum,    Fi-lumena. 


That  this  was  the  correct  rendering  is 
quite  certain,  for  the  virgin  martyr  her- 
Belf  tuld  a  priest  and  a  nun  in  a  dream, 
that  she  was  Fi[lia]  Lumina,  the  daugh- 
ter Lumina,  i.e.  the  daughter  of  the 
Light  of  the  world.  In  confirmation  of 
this  dream,  as  her  bones  were  carried  to 
Mu^nano,  the  saint  repaired  her  own 
skeleton,  made  her  hair  ^row,  and  per- 
formed so  many  miracles,  that  tho-.e 
must  indeed  be  hard  of  belief  who  can 
doubt  the  truth  of  the  story. 

St.  George  is  the  national  saint  of 
England,  in  consequence  of  the  miracu- 
lous assistance  rendered  by  him  to  the 
arms  of  the  Christians  under  Codfrey  de 
Bouillon  during  the  first  crusade. 

St.  Geonje's  Sword,  Askelon. 

George  be  shaved  the  dragon's  beard. 
And  Askelon  was  his  ni7"r. 

Percy's  RMguet,  III.  ill.  15. 

St.  George  (Le  chevalier  de),  James 
Francis  Edward  Stuart,  called  "  The  Old 
(or  elder)  Pretender"  (1G88-17G6). 

St.  Graal.    (See  Sangkaal.) 

St.  Le'on,  the  hero  of  a  novel  of  the 
same  name  by  W.  Goodwin  (1799).  St. 
Leon  becomes  possessed  of  the  "  elixir  of 
life,"  and  of  the  "  philosopher's  stone  ;  " 
but  this  knowledge,  instead  of  bringing 
him  wealth  and  happiness,  is  the  source 
of  misery  and  endless  misfortunes. 

St.  Leon  is  designed  to  prove  Uiat  the  happiness  of 
mankind  would  not  have  been  augmented  by  the  gifts  of 
immortal  youth  and  inexhaustible  riches. — Mncyc  Brit., 
Art  "  Romance. " 

Saint  Maur,  one  of  the  attendants 
of  sir  Reginald  Front  de  Boeuf  (a  follower 
of  prince  John). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhce 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

St.  Nicholas,  the  patron  saint  of 
boys.  He  is  said  to  have  been  bishop 
of  Myra,  in  Lyeia,  and  his  death  is  placed 
in  the  year  826. 

8t  Nicholas  is  said  to  hare  supplied  three  maidens  with 
marringo  portiouB,  by  leaving  at  tlinr  window  ' 

mono/.  .  .  .  Another  legend  daecrlboi  the  stint  ai  having 
restored  to  life  three  [t  two\  murdered  children. — Yongo. 

St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,  in  an 
islet  in  lough  Derg,  Ireland.  Here  the 
saint  made  a  cave,  through  which  was  an 
entrance  into  purgatory;  and  here  those 
who  liked  to  do  so  might  forestall  their 
purgatorial  punishments  while  they  were 
in  the  flesh.  This  was  made  the  subject 
of  a  romance  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  Calderon  dramatized  the  subject  in 
the  seventeenth  century. 

V  bo  hag  not  heard  of  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory  .  .  .  with 
Its  cha|>els  and   its   tollhouses!     Thither  repair  yearly 


ST.  PETER'S  OBELISK. 


860 


SAINTS  FOR  DISEASES. 


STOwds  of  pious  pilj.Tims,  who  would  wash  away  at  once 
the  accumulated  sius  of  their  lives. — Wright. 

*#*  This  source  of  revenue  was  abo- 
lished bv  order  of  the  pope,  on  St. 
Patrick's"  Day,  1497. 

St.  Peter's  Obelisk,  a  stone  pyra- 
mid of  enormous  size,  on  the  t"|i  of 
which  is  an  urn  containing  the  relics  of 
Julius  Cajsar. 

St.  Prieux,  the  amant  of  Julie,  in 
Rousseau's  novel  entitled  Julie  ou  La 
Nouvelle  Ile'lo'ise  (1760). 

St.  Ronan's  Well,  a  novel  by  sir 
W.  Scott  (182;>).  An  inferior  work  ;  but 
it  contains  the  character  of  Meg  Dods,  of 
the  Clachan  or  Mowbray  Anns  inn,  one 
of  the  very  best  lo  v  comic  characters  in 
the  whole  range  of  liction. 

St.   Stephen's   Chapel,   properly 

the  House  of  Commons,  but  sometimes 
applied  to  the  two  Houses  of  Parliament. 
So  called  by  a  figure  of  speech  from  St. 
Stephen's  Chapel,  built  by  kin^  Stephen, 
rebuilt  by  Edward  II.  and  III.,  and 
finally  destroyed  by  (ire  in  1834.  St. 
Stephen's  Chapel  was  fitted  up  fur  the  use 
of  the  House  of  Commons  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV.  The  great  council  01  the 
nation  met  before  in  the  chapter-house  of 
the  abbey. 

St.  Swithin,  tutor  of  king  Alfred, 
and  bishop  of  Winchester.  The  monks 
wished  to  bury  him  in  the  chancel  of  the 
minster ;  but  the  bishop  had  directed 
that  his  body  should  be  interred  under 
the  open  vault  of  heaven.  Finding  the 
monks  resolved  to  disobey  his  injunction, 
he  sent  a  heavy  rain  on  July  15,  the  day 
assigned  to  the  funeral  ceremony,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  it  was  deferred  from 
day  to  day  for  forty  days.  The  monks 
then  bethought  them  of  the  saint's  in- 
junction, and  prepared  to  inter  the  body 
in  the  churchyard.  St.  Swithin  smiled 
hie  approbation  by  sending  a  beautiful 
Sunshiny  day,  in  which  all  the  robes  of 
the  hierarchy  might  be  displayed  without 
the  least  fear  of  being  injured  by  untimely 
and  untoward  showers. 

St.  Tammany,  the  patron  of  de- 
mocracy in  the  American  states.  His- 
day  is  May  1.  Tammany  or  Tammcnund 
lived  in  the  seventeenth  century.  He 
was  a  native  of  Delaware,  but  settled  <m 
the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  lie  was  a  chief 
sachem  of  his  tribe,  and  his  rule  was 
discreet  and  peaceful.  His  great  maxim 
was,  "  Unite.  In  peace  unite  for  mutual 
happiness,  in  war  for  mutual  defence." 


Saints  (Island  of),  Ireland. 

Saints  (Royal). 

David  of  Scotland  (*,  1124-1153). 

Edward  the  Confessor  (1004,  1042- 
1066). 

Edward  the  Martyr  (061,  975-970). 

Eric  IX.  of  Sweden  (*,  1155-1161). 

Ethel  red  I.  king  of  Wcssex  (*,  866- 
871). 

Eugenius  I.  pope  (*,  654-657). 

Felix  I.  pope  (*,  269-274). 

Ferdinand  III.  of  Castile  and  Leon 
(1200,  1217-1252). 

Julius  I.  pope  (*,  337-352). 

Kang-he,  second  of  the  Manchoo 
dynasty  of  China  (*,  1661-1722). 

Lawrence  Justinuuu  patriarch  of  Venice 
(1380,  1461-1465). 

Leo  IX.  pope  (1002, 1049-1054). 

Louis  IX.  of  France  (1215,  1226-1270). 

Olaus  II.  of  Norway  (992,  1000  L030). 

Stephen  I.  of  Hungary  (979,  997-1038). 

Saints  for  Diseases.  These  saints 
either  ward  off  ills  or  help  to  relieve 
them,  and  should  be  invoked  by  those 
who  trust  their  power : — 

Ar.rg.     St.  Pernel  cures. 

BAD  DbSAHS.     St.  Christopher  protect!  from. 

Bleak  Kvks.     St.  Odl 

BMNDsms.    St.  Thomas k Beeket cures. 

BolU  and  RLilgB,     Bt  Rooks  cures. 

Cii  iMivv.     St.  Susan  protect!, 

CitiiLiUhS's  DDsBASBS  i. ill).  St.  Blaise  heals;  and  all 
cattle  diseases.  The  hread  consecrated  on  his  day  (Feb- 
ruary 3)  and  called  "The  Benediction  of  Bt  1'Liise,"  should 
have  been  tried  In  the  recent  cattle  plague. 

ChoLeka.  Oola  Beebee  is  invoked  by  the  Hindus  la 
this  malady. 

Cm  ilk;.     St.  Erasmus  relieves. 

Dantino  MANIA.     St.  Vitus  cures. 

Dehi.embnt.    St.  Susan  preserves  from. 

Discoveky  of  Lost  Goods.  St.  Elhclbe/t  and  Hi 
Elian. 

DO0BT8.     St.  Catharine  resolves. 

Dyi.no.     SL  Barbara  relieves. 

Krn.Ersy.     St.  Valentine  cures. 

Firb.  St.  Agatha  protects  from  It,  but  SL  Flortaa 
should  lie  invoked  if  it  has  already  broken  out. 

FLOOD,  Fikb,  and  Eajuiwuakb.  St.  Christopher 
Baves  from. 

GOUT.  St  Wolfgang,  they  say.  Is  of  more  service  than 
Blair's  pills. 

i ;  K!  ;■  is.     St.  Erasmus  cures. 

Idiocy.    St.  Glides  is  the  guardian  angel  of  Idiots. 

Infamy.     St.  Susan  protects  from. 

Infection.    St.  Roque  protects  from. 

LBPB08T,     St.  Lazarus,  the  beggar. 

Madness.    St  Dynipbne  cures, 

Mick  and  Rats.  St.  Gertrude  and  SL  Huldrlck  want 
them  off.  When  phosphor  pasta  fails,  St.  Gertrude 
inkht  be  tried,  at  any  rate  with  less  danger  than  arsenic 

Nioiit  Alaii.ms.     St.  Christopher  protects  from. 

Blague.  SL  Koch,  they  say.  in  this  case  is  better 
than  the  "good  bishop  of  Marseilles." 

Qi'ENTHiNO  FIBS,  St.  I'lorian  and  St.  Christopher 
should  not  he  forgotten  by  fire  insurance  companies. 

tji'lNST.  SL  Blaise  will  cure  it  sooner  than  Artarised 
antimony. 

RlGHBB.  St.  Anne  and  SL  Vincent  help  those  whe 
seek  it.    Gold-diggers  should  ask  them  for  nuggets. 

Soars.    Sl  Kooke  cures, 

Sm  U.T.-IUX  St.  Martin  of  Tours  may  be  tried  hr  those 
Objecting  to  vaccination.   In  Hindustan,  Seetla  wards  it  otT, 

BUDDSN    1i,.  MM.      St.  Martin  saves  from. 
Tkmpkiiantk      Father  Mathew  is  called  " The  Apostla 
of  Temperance"  (irtfo-lsatik 


SAINTS  OF  PLACES. 


861       SAINTS  FOR  SPECIAL,  ETC. 


TooTit-AcnR.    8t  Arpoline  cure;  better  than  creosote. 

Vbruin-Destbotebs.  St.  Gertmde  and  st.  Huldriek. 
If  these  mil.  try  Battle,  or  theSoathwark  "  vermin-killer." 

Wealth-Bestow  BR.  St.  Anne,  recommended  to  the 
■titan. 

Saints  of  Places.  The  following 
are  the  patron  saints  of  the  cities,  nations, 
or  places  set  down : — 

Aiikrdken,  St.  Nicholas  (died  842).  His  day  is  De- 
cember 6. 

Abyssinia,  8t  Frumentius  (died  360).  His  day  Is 
October  27. 

Alexandria,  St.  Mark,  who  founded  the  church  there 
(died  A.I)   52).     Ills  day  is  April  Iff. 

Alps  (77ie),  Felix  Neff  (1798-1829). 

ANTIOOH,  St.  Margaret  Idied  276).     Her  day  Is  July  JO. 

Ardennes  (The).  St.  Hubert  (656-730),  He  is  called 
■  The  Apostle  of  the  Ardennes."  Ilia  days  are  May  30  and 
November  3. 

ARMENIA,  St  Gregory  of  Armenia  (206-331).  His  day 
Is  September  30. 

BATH,  St.  David,  from  whose  benediction  the  waters  of 
Bath  received  their  warmth  and  medicinal  qualities  (480- 
544).    His  da)  is  March  l. 

BRAUVAI8,  St.  Luclan  (died  290),  called  "  TheApostleof 
Beauvais."    His  day  i-  January  8. 

Belgium,  St.  Boniface  (680-755).    His  day  Is  June  5. 

Bohemia,  St.  Wenceslaos, 

Brussels,  the  Virgin  Mary  ;  St  Gudule,  who  died  718. 
St.  Gudule's  Day  is  January  8. 

Cagliari  (in  Sardinia),  St.  Efisio  or  St.  Ephesus. 

Cai'paducia,  St  Matthias  (died  A.D.  62).  His  day  Is 
Fehruar)  24. 

Carthage.  St.  Perpetua (died  203).  Her  day  Is  March  7. 

COLOGNE,  St  Ursula  (died  452).    Her  day  is  October  21. 

COBPV,  St.  Spiridion  (fourth  century).  His  day  Is 
December  14. 

Cremona,  St.  Margaret  (died  275).     Her  day  is  July  20. 

DENMARK,  St.  Anscharius  (801-864),  whose  day  i-  Feb- 
ruarj  :i  |  ami  St.  Canute  (died  1086),  whose  day  la  January  19. 

Edinburgh,  St  Giles  (died  550).  His  day  is  Septem- 
ber 1. 

England,  St.  George  (died  2!)u).  St.  Bede  calk  Gregory 
the  Great  "Tne  Apostle  of  England,"  but  St  Augustln 
was  "  The  Apostle  of  the  English  People  "  (died 607).  St. 
George's  Day  is  April  23. 

ETHIOPIA,  St.  Frumentius  (died  360).  His  day  Is 
October  27. 

Flanders,  St.  Peter  (died  66).    His  day  is  June  19. 

FLORENCE,  St.  John  the  Baptist  (died  A.D.  32).  His 
days  are  June  24  and  August  29. 

forests,  St.  Silvester,  because  lilva,  In  Latin,  means  "  a 
wood."     His  day  is  June  20. 

Forts,  St.  Barbara  (died  335).    Her  day  is  Decemher  4. 

FRANCS,  St.  Denys  (died  272).  His  day  is  October  9. 
Bt.  Itemi  is  called  "The  Great  Apostle  of  the  French" 
(439-535).     His  day  is  October  1. 

FB4NOOMIA,  St.  Kilian  (died  689).     His  dav  Is  July  8. 

Fribblakd,  St.  Wllbrod  orWtllibrod  (657-738),  called 
"The  Apostle  of  the  Frisians."    His  day  is  November  7. 

Gaul,  St.  Irenasus  (1:10-200),  whose  dav  is  June  18 ;  and 
Bt.  Martin  (816-897),  whose  day  is  November  11.  8U 
linn     is  called  "  Tho  Apostle  of  the  Gauls." 

Genua.  St  George  Of  Cappadocla,     His  day  is  April  2.1. 

Gentiles.   St.  Paul  was  "  The  Apostle  of  the  G 
(died  a.d.  66).    His  days  are  January  15  and  June  89. 

Georgia,  St.  Nino,  whose  day  is  September  16. 

GERMANV,   St.    Boniface,  "Apostlo  of  tl 

(680-755),  whose  day  is  June  6  ;  and  st.  Martin  I 

Whose  day  is   November  11.     (8b   Boniface  w;u>  called 

Winded  till  Gregory  II.  changed  the  name.) 

GLASGOW,  St  Mungo,  also  called  Kent!  "Tn  (511  601), 

Groves,  St.  BllveSter,  because  silva,  in  Latin,  means  "a 
wood."     His  day  is  June  10, 

Highlanders,  St  Columb  (521-597).  His  day  Is 
June  9. 

Hills,  St.  Barbara  (died  886),     Her  day  is  Peeemtier  4. 

HOLLAND,   the  Virgin   Mary,     Her  days  are:  her  Na- 
tivity, November  21;   Visitation,  July  2;    Con 
Uecember  8;    J'urification,   February  2;    Assumption, 
August  i5. 

HUN6ABY,   St.    Louis;    Mary   of    Aquisgrana  [Mxhi- 
OhaptUe);  and  St.  Anastasius  (dieil    618),  wb 
January  22. 

India.  St.  Bartolome  de  Las  Casas  (1474  1566)  I  the  Bar 

J.  Eliot (1603-1690);  and  Francis  X.ivhm. 

"The  Apostlo  of  tho  Indians,"  whose  day  is  December  3. 


Ireland.  St.  Patrick  (872-198).  His  day  Is  March  17. 
(Some  give  his  birth  887,  and  aome  his  death  465.) 

Italy,  Bt  Antta  ! :     ■  luary  17. 

Lapland,  St.  Nicholas  (died  342).  His  day  is  Decem- 
ber 6. 

LICHFIELD,  St.  Chad,  who  lived  there  (died  672).  His 
day  Is  Mnrch  2. 

LIBOR,  Bt.  Albert  (died  1195).     His  day  1*  Novemlicr  21. 

LISBON,  St.  Vincent  (died  304).  His  translation  to  Lis- 
bon is  kept  September  15. 

London.  St.  Paul,  wln.se  day  Is  January  25;  and  St. 
Michael,  whose  daj  I    September  39. 

Most  OW,  St.  Nil  holai  [died  343).  His  day  Is  December  6. 

Mountains,  St.  Barbara  (died  335).     Her  day  1 
ber  4. 

Naplrs.  St.  Januarlus  (died  291).  whose  day  is  September 
U  ;  and  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  (1227-1274),  whose  days  are 
March  7  and  Jul]  18. 

Netherlands.  St.  Armand  (589-679). 

NORTH  (7'Ae),  St  Ansgar  (801-864),  and  Bernard  Gilpin 
(1517-1583). 

Norway.  St  Anscharius,  called  "The   Apostle  of  the 
I   36 1 ',  whose  day  is  February  3;  and  St.  Olaus 
(991,  1 

Oxford,  St  Frideswide. 

PAD!  n  St.  Ju-tin:i,  whose  day  Is  October  7;  and  8t 
Anthony  (1195-1231),  whose  day  is  June  13. 

Paris,  St.  Ge .  Her  day  h  January  8, 

Peak  [The),  Derbyshire,  \V.  1  1702). 

Pic  rs  (The),  St.  Kinian  (fourth  centun),  whose  day  is 
September  16 ;  and  St  Columb  (521-597).  whose  dav  is 
June  9. 

PISA,  San  Ranierl. 

POITIERS,  St.  Hilary  (300-367).     His  day  Is  January  14. 

POLAND,  St  Hedriga  (1174-1143),  whose  daj  is  October 
16 ;  and  St.  Stanislaus  (dli  May  7. 

PORTUGAL.  StSebastian         388).  His  day  is  January  20. 

PRUSSIA,  St.  Andrew,  whose  daj  is  November  30;  and 
Bt  Albert  (died  1195    wht   1    lay  is  November  2X 

Rochester.  St  Paulinui  [353  131).   His  day  is  June  21. 

ROME,  St  Peter  and  St  Paul.  Both  died  on  the  nan 
day  'if  the  month,  June  29.  The  old  tutelar  deity  wa» 
Mars. 

RUSSIA,  St  Nicholas,  St  Andrew,  St  George,  and  the 
Virgin  Mary. 

BaRAGOSSA.  St.  Vincent,  where  ho  was  born  (died  304) 
Hi-  da)  is  January  28. 

Sardinia.  Mary  the  Virgin.  Her  days  are:  A'atiriti/, 
November  21;  VitUation,  July  2;  Conception,  December 
8;  Purification,  February  1;  Assumption,  August  15, 

Scotland,  St  Andrew,  because  his  remains  "ere 
brought  by  Kcguliu  into  Fifeshiro  in  368.  His  day  is 
November  80. 

Si  11  L8TIA  (in  Armenia),  Bt  Blaise  (died  316).  His  day 
Is  February  3. 

Sn  ii.v,  St.  Agatha,  where  she  was  born  (died  251). 
Hi 11  1I1  is  February  5.    The  old  tutelar  deit\  was  Ceres, 

Silesia,  8t  Hedviga,  also  called  Aroye  111,1  U48v 
Hi-  da]  is  October  15. 

Slates  or  si.wi.st  CyrO,  called  "  The  Apostle  of  the 
Slavi  '  (died  B68).    id   daj  is  February  14. 

BPAIN,  St.  James  tho  Greater  (died  A.D.  44).  His  day  is 
July  24. 

BWBDBN,  St.  Anscharius,  St  John,  and  St  Eric  IX 
(reigned  1155-1161). 

Bw  1 1 ,  krland,  St.  Gall  (died  64G).  His  day  is  Octot*r 
16. 

United  States.  St.  Tammany. 

1,       1,  8t  Agatha  (died  151),    Bar  day  Is  February  5. 

Venice,  Bt  Mark,  who  was  buried  there.    B  « 

April  26.   St.  Pantale  a,  whose  daj  hi  July  27;  and  8t 
Lawrence  Ju  tlnianl  1138 

VIENNA,  St.  Stephen  (died  ad.  34).  His  day  Is  Decem- 
her 86 

i ■,-„.-./  urdt,  St.  Urban  [died  880).    Hi<  dav  I-  May  25. 

W  .1  Bl  David,  uncle  of  Wing  Arthur  (died  544).  His 
dl)  1     M  mil  1. 

ii is.  St,  Silvester.  becau<*  ri/ri,  In  Latin,  means  "a 

mo  .it.-    Hi-  day  is  June  10. 

\  0BXSH1RS,  St  l'liuhnus  (353-431).    His  day  is  June  81 

Saints  for  Special  Classes  of 
Persons,  such  ns  tradesmen,  children, 
wives,  idiots,  studentB,  etc.: — 

ARCHERS,  St.  Seha-ti.ui.  I.    mag  1 18  was  shot  by  them. 
Aii'.iot  bebi  I  appadocm, 

A  tii  is  rs  and  toe  Arm,  Bt  Agatha;  but  St  Luke  is  the 
patron  ol  painters,  being  himself  one. 


SAINTS  FOR  SPECIAL,  ETC.       862 


SAKHRAT. 


Bakers,  St.  Winifred,  who  followed  the  trade. 
Barkers.  St.  Louis. 

BABBKN  Women.     St  Margaret  befriends  .them. 
Beggars.  St.  Giles.    Hence  the  outskirts  of  cities  are 

Bishops,  etc.,'  St  "Timothy  mnd  St.  Titus  (1  Tim.  Ill 

'blind  Folk,  St.  Thomas  a  Becket,  and  St  Lucy  who 
was  deprived  of  her  eyes  by  Paschasius. 

Booksellers,  St.  John  Port  Latin. 

Brides.  St.  Nicholas,  because  he  threw  three  stockings, 
filled  with  wedding  portions,  into  the  chamber  window  of 
three  virgins,  that  they  might  marry  their  sweethearts, 
and  not  live  a  life  of  sin  for  I  lie  sake  of  earning  a  living. 

Burglars,  St.  Dismas,  the  penitent  thief. 

Candle  and  Lamp  makers,  St.  Lucy  and.Lueian.  A 
pun  upon  lux,  lucit  ("  Hgut ' '). 

Cannoneers,  St.  Barbara,  because  she  is  generally 
represented  in  a  fort  or  tower. 

Captives,  St.  Barbara  and  St.  Leonard. 

Carpenters,  St.  Joseph,  who  was  a  carpenter. 

Children.  St  Fellcltaa  and  Bt  Nicholas,  This  latter 
taint  restored  to  life  some  children,  murdered  by  an  inn- 
keeper of  Myra  and  pickled  In  a  punk-tub. 

CoiwtLBKS,  St  Crispin,  who  worked  at  the  trade. 

Cripples,  St  GUes,  because  he  refused  to  be  cured  of 
an  accidental  lameness,  that  lie  might  mortify  his  flesh. 

Divines,  St  Thomas  Aquinas,  author  of  Somms  d* 
rhaolom.  ,    „.,,  . 

Doctors,  St  Cosme,  who  was  a  surgeon  in  Cilicia. 

Drunkards,  St.  Martin,  because  St  Martin's  Day 
(November  111  happened  to  be  the  day  of  the  Vinalia  or 
feast  of  Bacchus.     St.  Urban  protects. 

Dvis'G,  St.  Barbara. 

Feiirvmkn,  St.  Christopher,  who  was  a  ferryman. 

FISHERMEN,  St.  Peter,  who  was  a  fisherman. 

Fools,  St  Maturin,  because  the  Greek  word  matia  or 
mtiti  means  "folly." 

Fit  KB  Trade.  It  Cobden  Is  called  "The  Apostle  of 
Free  Trade"  (18<M  IM0). 

Freemen,  St  John. 

Fullers.  St  Sever,  liorau*e  the  place  so  called,  on  the 
Adour,  is  or  was  famous  for  its  tanneries  and  fulleries. 

GoLDamTHB,  St.  Bloy,  who  was  a  goldsmith. 

II  vtters.  Bt  William,  the  son  of  a  hatter. 

Hoo  and  Swineherds,  St  Anthony.  Pigs  unfit  for 
food  used  anciently  to  have  their  cars  slit,  but  one  of  the 
proctors  of  St  Anthony's  Hospital  once  tied  a  bell 
about  the  neck  of  a  pig  whose  ear  was  slit,  and  no  one 
ever  attempted  to  injure  it 

Housewives,  St  Osyth.  especially  to  prevent  their 
losing  the  keys,  and  to  help  them  in  finding  these  "tiny 
tormentors;"  St.  Martha,  the  sister  of  Lazarus. 

Huntsmbn,  St  Hubert,  who  lived  in  the  Ardennes,  a 
famous  hunting  forest ;  and  St.  Eustace. 

IDIOTS     St.  Glldas  restores  them  to  their  right  senses. 

Infants,  St.  Fellcltaa  and  St  Nicholas. 

Infidels.  Voltaire  is  called  "The  Apostle  of  Infidels" 
(MW4  1778). 

Insane  Folks,  St  Dymphna. 

Lawyers,  St  Yves  Helori  (In  Sicily),  who  was  called 
"The  Advocate  of  the  Poor."  because  he  was  always 
ready  to  defend  them  in  the  Jaw-courts  gratuitously 
(1J63  1308).  ,  ,      .      , 

Learned  Men,  St  Catharine,  noted  for  her  learning, 
and  tor  converting  certain  philosophers  sent  to  convince 
the  Christians  of  Alexandria  of  the  folly  of  the  Christian 
(aith. 

Madmen,  St  Dymphna. 

Maidens,  the  Virgin  Mary. 

Mariners.  St  Christopher,  who  was  a  ferryman  ;  and 
St  Nicholas,  who  was  once  in  danger  of  shipwreck,  and 
who,  on  one  occasion,  lolled  a  tempest  for  some  pilgrims 
on  their  way  to  the  Holy  Land. 

Millers,  St  Arnold,  the  son  of  a  miller. 

Mercers,  St.  Floi-iaii,  the  son  of  a  mercer. 

Mothers,  the  Virgin  .Mary  ;  St.  Margaret,  for  those  who 
wish  to  be  so.  The  girdle  of  St.  Margaret  in  St.  Ger- 
main's, Is  placed  round  the  waist  of  those  who  wish  to  be 
mothers. 

Mi  mi  IAN8,  St  Cecilia,  who  was  an  excellent  musician. 

Nailers,  St  Cloud,  because  clou,  in  French,  means 
"a  nail." 

.\..i  veers,  St.  James  and  St.  John  (Matt.  iv.  21). 

NURSKS,   Si 

Painters.  St.  Luke,  who  was  a  painter. 
Parish  Clerks.  St.  Nicholas. 

Parsons,  St  Thomas  Aquinas,  doctor  of  theology  at 
Faris. 


Physicians,  St  Cosme,  who  was  a  surgeon ;  8t  Luk« 
(Col.  iv.  14) 

PILGRIMS,  St  Julian,  St  Raphael  St.  James  of  Com- 
pos tel  la. 

Pinmakers,  St.  Sebastian,  whose  body  was  at  full  of 
arrows  in  his  martyrdom  as  a  pincushion  is  of  pins. 

Poor  Folks,  St  Giles,  who  affected  indigence,  think- 
ing • '  poverty  and  suffering  "  a  service  acceptable  to  God. 

Portrait-painters  and  Photographers.  St  Ve- 
ronica, who  had  a  handkerchief  with  the  face  of  Jesus 
photographed  on  It 

Potters.  St  Gore,  who  was  a  potter. 

Prisoners.  St  Sebastian  and  St  Leonard. 

Sages,  St.  Cosme.  St.  Itaniian,  and  St  Catharine. 

Sailors,  St  Nicholas  and  St  Christopher. 

Si  i hilars,  St.  Catharine.     (See  "  Learned  Men.") 

Bi  i l  children,  St  Nicholas  and  St.  Gregory. 

BCOTCH  UefciRMERS.  Knox  is  "The  Apostle  of  the 
Scotch  Kefomiers"  (1505-1572). 

BSAMBI,  St.  Nicholas,  who  once  was  in  danger  of 
shipwreck  ;  and  St.  Christopher,  who  was  a  ferryman 

SHEPHERDS  and  their  FLOCKS,  St  Windeline,  who 
kept  sheep,  like  Dartd. 

Shoemakers.  St  Crispin,  who  made  shoes. 

Silversmiths,  St  Kloy,  who  worked  in  gold  and 
silver. 

Slaves,  St  Cyril  This  Is  a  pun  ;  he  was  "  The  Apostle 
of  the  SUvi." 

Soothsayers,  etc.,  St  Agabus  f.lrtt  xxl.  10). 

Sportsmen,  St.  Hubert     (See  above,  "  Huntsmen.") 

Statuaries,  Bt  Veronica.  (See  above,  "Portrait- 
painters.") 

Stonemasons,  8t  Peter  (John  I.  42). 

Students,  St  Catharine,  noted  for  her  great  learning. 

Surgeons,  St.  Ci^ine,  who  practised  medicine  in  Cilicia 
gratuitously  (died  310). 

S '.»  i-.ei  hearts.  St  Valentine,  because  in  the  Middle 
i  their  "courts  of  love  "about  this  time. 
vriNE.) 

Sv,  inkiierps  and  SWINB,  St  Anthony. 

Tailors,  St.  Goodman,  who  was  a  tailor. 

Tanners.  St.  Clement,  the  son  of  a  tanner. 

Tax-cullfi  ions,  St.  Matthew  (Matt.  ix.  9). 

Tbnt.m  akek-s,  Bt  Paul  and  St  Aquila,  who  were  tent- 
makers  {Acts  ivill.  31. 

Thieves,  St  Disnias,  the  penitent  thief.  St  Ethel- 
bert  and  St.  Elian  ward  off  thieves. 

Travellers,  St  Raphael,  because  he  assumed  the 
guise  of  a  traveller  in  order  to  guide  Tobias  from  Nineveh 
to  Rages  (Tobu  v.). 

Vintners  and  Vineyards.  St.  Urban. 

Virgins.  St.  Winifred  and  St.  Nicholas. 

Wheelwrights,  St  Boniface,  the  son  of  a  wheelwright 

Wigmakkrs,  St.  U  uis. 

Wise  Men,  St  Cosme,  St  Damian,  and  St.  Catharine. 

Woolcombeks  and  Staplers,  St  Blaise,  who  was  torn 
to  pieces  by  "  combes  of  yreu." 

Sakhar,  the  devil  who  stole  Solomon's 
signet.  The  tale  is  that  Solomon,  when 
he  washed,  entrusted  his  signet-ring  to 
his  favourite  concubine  Amina.  Sakhar 
one  day  assumed  the  appearance  of  Solo- 
mon, got  possession  of  the  ring,  and  sat 
on  the  throne  as  the  king.  During  this 
usurpation,  Solomon  became  a  beggar, 
but  in  forty  days  Sakhar  flew  away,  and 
filing  the  signet-ring  into  the  sea.  It  was 
swallowed  by  a  fish,  the  fish  was  caught 
and  sold  to  Solomon,  the  ring  was  re- 
covered, and  Sakhar  was  thrown  into  the 
sea  of  Galilee  with  a  great  stone  round 
his  neck. — Jallalo'ddin,  Al  Zamakh.  (See 
Fish  and  the  Kino,  p.  336.) 

Sakhrat  [Sak.rah'],  the  sacred  itone 
on  which  mount  Kaf  rests.  Mount  Kaf 
is  a  circular  plain,  the  home  of  giants  and 
fairies.  Any  one  who  possesses  a  single 
grain  of  the  stone  Sakhrat,  has  the  power 


SAKIA.  8fl8 


of  working  miracles.  Its  colour  is 
emerald,  and  its  reflection  gives  the  blue 
tint  to  the  sky. — Mohammedan  Mythology. 

Sa'kia,  the  dispenser  of  rain,  one  of 
the  four  gods  of  the  Adites  (2  syl.). 

Bakla,  we  Invoke*!  for  rain  ; 
We  calle  I  on  Rank  i  for  rood  ; 
They  i'hI  11. .t  hear  our  prayers— they  could  not  hear. 

Noel I  appeared  In  heaven, 

>'o  ntghtl)  dews  •  .'line-  down. 

fc'outhey.  Tluilabu  the  Destroyer,  I.  24  (1797). 

Sakunta'la,  daughter  of  Viswamita 
and  a  water-nymph,  abandoned  by  her 
parents,  and  brought  up  by  a  hermit. 
One  day,  king  Dushyanta  came  to  the 
hermitage,  and  persuaded  Sakuntala  to 
marry  him.  In  due  time  a  son  was 
born,  but  Dushyanta  left  his  bride  at  the 
hermitage.  When  the  boy  was  six  years 
old,  his  mother  took  him  to  the  king,  and 
Dushyanta  recognized  his  wife  by  a  ring 
which  he  had  given  her.  Sakuntala  was 
now  publicly  proclaimed  queen,  and  the 
boy  (whose  name  was  Bharata)  became 
the  founder  of  the  glorious  race  of  the 
Bharatas. 

This  story  forms  the  plot  of  the  famous 
drama  Sakuntala  by  Kalidasa,  well  known 
to  us  through  the  translation  of  sir  \V. 
Jones. 

Sakya-Muni,  the  founder  of  Bud- 
dhism. Sakya  is  the  family  name  of 
Siddhartha,  and  muni  means  "a  recluse." 
Buddha  ("  perfection")  is  a  title  given  to 
Siddhartha. 

SalacacaTbia  or  Salacacaby,  a  soup 
said  to  have  been  served  at  the  table  of 
Apiclus. 

Bruise  In  a  mortar  parsley  seed,  dried  peneryaL  dried 
mint,  ginger,  green  coriander,  stoned  raisins,  honey, 
vlnek-ar,  oil,  and  wine.  Put  them  Into  a  cncabalum,  with 
three  crusts  of  Pyceiiline  bread,  the  flesh  of  a  pull<  i.  re  tine 
cheese,  pine-kemeb,  cucumbers,  and  dried  onions  minced 
small.  Pour  sou],  over  the  whole,  garnish  with  mow,  and 
servo  up  In  the  cacabulum.— King,  The  A  rt  of  Cookery. 

Sal'ace  (3  syl.)  or  Sai,acia,  wife  of 
Keptune,  and  mother  of  Triton. 

Triton,  who  NkisIs  Ms  high  Neptunian  race. 
Sprung  from  the  god  li>  Salaces  embrace, 

Camocns,  l.usiad,  vi.  (1372). 

Salad  Days,  days  of  green  youth, 
while  the  blood  is  still  cool. 

[Than  were]  my  salad  dan  I 
When  I  was  green  in  Judgment,  cold  in  blood. 
Shakespeare,  Antonf  and  Oltopatra,  net  i.  sc.  5  (1608). 

Sal'adin,  the  soldan  of  the  East.  Sir 
W.  Scott  introduces  him  in  The  Talisman, 

first  as  Sheerkohf  emir  of  Kurdistan, 
and  subsequently  as  Adoubeck  el  Hakim' 
the  physician. 

Salamanca,  the  reputed  home  of 
witchcraft  and  devilry  in  De  Lancre's 
time  (1010). 


SALEM. 

Salamanca  (The  Bachelor  of),  the  title 
and  hero  of  a  novel  by  Less  :•■.  The 
name  of  tire  bachelor  is  don  Cherubim, 

who  is  placed  in  all  sorts  of  situations 
Buitable   to  the  author's  vein  of    satire 

(17U1). 

Salamander  (A).  Prester  John,  in 
his  letter  to  Manuel  Comneuus  emperor 
of  Constantinople,  describes  the  sala- 
mander as  a  worm,  and  says  it  makes 
cocoons  like  a  silkworm.  These  cocoons, 
being  unwound  by  the  ladies  of  the 
palace,  are  spun  into  dresses  for  the 
imperial  women.  The  dresses  are  washed 
in  flames,  and  not  in  water.  This,  of 
course,  is  asbestos. 

Sala'nio,  a  friend  to  Anthonio  and 
Bassanio.  —  Shakespeare,  Merchant  of 
Venice  (1598). 

Salari'no,  a  friend  to  Anthonio  and 
Bassanio.  —  Shakespeare,  Merchant  of 
Venice  (1598). 

Sa'leh.  The  Thamudites  (3  syl.) 
proposed  that  Saleh  should,  by  miracle, 
prove  that  Jehovah  was  a  God  superior  tn 

their  own.  Prince  Jonda  said  he  would 
believe  it,  if  Saleh  made  a  camel,  big 
with  young,  come  out  of  a  certain  rock 
which  he  pointed  out.  Saleh  did  so,  and 
Jonda  was  converted. 

(The  Thamudites  were  idolators,  and 
Siileh  the  prophet  was  sent  to  bring  them 
back  to  the  worship  of  Jehovah.) 

Sdleh's  Camel.  The  camel  thus  miracu- 
lously produced,  used  to  go  about  the 
town,  crying  aloud,  "  Ho  !  every  one  that 
wanteth  milk,  let  him  come,  and  I  will 
give  it  him." — Sale,  Al  Koran,  vii.  notes. 
(See  Isaiah  lv.  1.) 

Sa'leh,  son  of  Faras'chc  (3  syl.}  queen 
of  a  powerful  under-sea  empire.  His 
sister  was  Gulna'rfi  (3  syl.)  empress  of 
Persia.  Saleh  asked  the  king  of  Saman- 
dal,  another  under-sea  emperor,  to  give  his 
daughter  Giauha'rl  in  marriage  to  prince 
Beder,  son  of  GulnarB;  but  the  proud, 
passionate  despot  ordered  the  prince's 
head  to  be  cut  off  for  such  presumptuous 
insolence.  However,  Saleh  made  his 
escape,  invaded  Samandal,  to,.k  the  king 
prisoner,  and  the  marriage  between  Bedel 

and  the  princess  Giauh.-in-  \\.i>  duly  cele- 
brated. —  ArabLtn  Nights  ("Beder  and 
(jiauharc"). 

Sa'lem,  a  young  seraph,  one  cf  the 
two  tutelar  angels  of  the  Virgin  Mary  and 
of  John  the  Divine,  "for  God  had  given 
to  John  two  tutelar  augels,  the  chief  ©J 


SALEMAL. 


864 


SALVAGE  KNIGHT. 


whom  was  Eaph'ael,  one  of  the  most 
exalted  seraphs  of  the  hierarchy  of 
neaven."  —  Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  iii. 
'1748). 

Sal'emal,  the  preserver  in  sickness, 
one  of  the  four  gods  of  the  Adite3  (2 
si/L). — D'Herbelot,  JJibliotheque  Orientate 
(1697). 

Salern'  or  Saler'no,  in  Italy,  cele- 
brated for  its  school  of  medicine. 

Even  the  doctors  of  Salem 

Send  me  back  word  they  can  discern 

Mo  cure  for  a  malady  like  this. 

Longfellow,  The  Uolden  Legend  (1851). 

Salian  Franks.  So  called  from  the 
Isilla  or  Yssel,  in  Holland.  They  were  a 
branch  of  the  Sicambri ;  hence  when  Clovis 
was  baptized  at  Rheims,  the  old  prelate 
addressed  him  as  "Sigambrian,"  and  said 
that  "he  must  henceforth  set  at  nought 
what  he  had  hitherto  worshipped,  and 
worship  what  he  had  hitherto  set  at 
nought." 

Salisbury  {Earl  of),  William  Long- 
tword,  natural  son  of  Henry  II.  and 
Jane  Clifford,  "The  Fair  Rosamond." 
— Shakespeare,  Kiny  John  (1596)  ;  sir 
W.  Scott,  The  lalisman  (time,  Richard 
I.). 

Sallust  of  France  (The).  Ce'sar 
Vichard  (1639-1692)  was  so  called  by 
Voltaire. 

Sal'macis,  softness,  effeminacy. 
Salm&cis  is  a  fountain  of  Caria,  near 
Halicarnassus,  which  rendered  soft  and 
effeminate  those  who  bathed  therein. 

Beneath  the  woman's  and  the  water's  kiss. 
Thy  moist  limits  melted  into  Salmans  .  .  . 
And  all  the  boy's  broatb  softened  mtu  sighs. 

Swinburne,  ilervuxphroditut. 

Salmigondin  or  "  Salmygondin,"  a 
lordship  of  Dipsody,  given  by  Pantag'ruel 
to  Panurge  (2  si/L).  Alcofribas,  who  had 
resided  six  months  in  the  giant's  mouth 
without  his  knowing  it,  was  made  castellan 
of  the  castle. — Rabelais,  Pantaj'ruel,  ii. 
32 ;  iii.  2  (1553-45). 

The  lordship  of  Salmygondin  was  worth  67  million 
pounds  sterling  per  annum  in  "certain  rent,"  and  an 
annual  revenue  for  locusts  and  periwinkles,  varying  from 
£24,357  to  12  millions  in  a  good  year,  when  the  export!  of 
locusts  and  periwinkles  were  flourishing.  Panurge,  how- 
aver,  could  not  make  the  two  endfl  meet.  At  the  close  of 
"less  than  fourteen  days"  be  had  forestalled  three  years' 
rent  and  revenue,  and  had  to  apply  to  Pantagruel  to  pay 
h!j  debts. — Pantagruel,  iii.  3. 

Salmo'neus  (3  syl.),  king  of  Elis, 
wishing  to  be  thought  a  god,  used  to 
imitate  thunder  and  lightning  by  driving 
his  chariot  over  a  brazen  bridge,  and 
darting  burning  torches  on  every  side. 


He  was  killed  by  lightning  for  his  im- 
piety and  folly. 

Salmoneus.  who  while  he  his  carroach  drave 

Over  the  brazen  bridge  o(  Elis'  stream, 
And  did  with  artificial  thunder  brave 
Jove,  till  he  pierced  bun  with  a  lightning  beam. 
Lord  Brooke.  TreatUe  on  AJonarchie,  yL 
It  was  to  be  the  literary  Salmoneus  of  the  pollUcal 
Jupiter. — Lord  I.ytton. 

Sa'lo,  a  rivulet  now  called  Xalon,  near 
Bilbilis,  in  Celtiberia.  This  river  is  so 
exceedingly  cold  that  the  Spaniards  used 
to  plunge  their  swords  into  it  while  they 
were  hot  from  the  forge.  The  best 
Spanish  blades  owe  their  stubborn  temper 
to  the  icy  coldness  of  this  brook. 

Srevo  Bilhilin  opt  imam  metallo 
Et  ferro  Plateaui  suo  sonantem, 
Quam  fluctu  tenui  sed  inquieto 
Armorum  Sato  temperator  ambit 

Martial,  Spigrammaia. 
Pncclpua  his  quldem  ferrl  materia,  sed  aqua  ipsa  ferro 
violentior ;  quippe  temperamento  ejus  femiro  acnuj 
radditur;  nee  ullum  apud  eos  telum  probatur  quod  non 
nut  in  Biihili  fluvio  aut  Cbalyhe  tingatur.  Unde  etiam 
Chalybes  fluvli  hujus  tinituni  appellati.  ferroque  cseterii 
prsestare  dicuntur. — Justin,  Uiuorxa  Philippica,  xlir. 

Salome  and  the  Baptist.  When 
Salome  delivered  the  head  of  John  the 
Baptist  to  her  mother,  Herodias  pulled 
out  the  tongue  and  stabbed  it  with  her 
bodkin. 

When  the  head  of  Cicero  was  delivered 
to  Marc  Antony,  his  wife  Fulvia  pulled 
out  the  tongue  and  stabbed  it  repeatedly 
with  her  bodkin. 

Salopia,  Shropshire. 

Admired  Salopia  I  that  with  venial  pride 
Eyes  her  bright  form  in  Severn's  ambient  waTBj 

Famed  for  her  loyal  cares  in  perils  tried, 
Her  (laughters  lovely,  and  her  striplings  brave. 
Shenstone,  The  Schoolmutreu  (1758). 

Salsabil,  a  fountain  of  paradise,  the 
water  of  which  is  called  Zenjebil.  The 
word  Salsabil  means  "  that  which  goes 
pleasantly  down  the  throat ; "  and  Zen- 
jebil means  "ginger"  (which  the  Arabs 
mix  with  the  water  that  they  drink). 

God  shall  reward  the  righteous  with  a  garden,  and  silk 
garments.  They  shall  re] iose  on  couches.  They  shall  see 
there  neither  sun  nor  moon  .  .  .  the  fruit  thereof  shall 
bang  low,  so  as  to  be  easily  gathered.  The  bottles  shall  be 
silver  shining  like  glass,  and  the  wine  shall  be  mixed  with 
the  water  Zenjebil.  a  fountain  in  paradise  named  SaliabiL 
— Sale's  A'ordn,  lxxvi. 

Salt  River  (To  row  up),  to  go 
against  the  stream,  to  suffer  a  political 
defeat. 

There  is  a  small  stream  called  the  Salt  River  In  Ken- 
tucky, noted  for  its  tortuous  course  and  numerous  bar* 
The  phrase  is  applied  to  one  who  has  the  task  of  propelling 
the  boat  up  the  stream  ;  but  in  political  slang  it  is  applied 
to  those  who  are  "  rowed  up."— -J.  Ionian. 

Salvage  Knight  (The),  sir  Ar- 
thegal,  called  Artegal  from  bk.  iv.  6. 
The  hero  of  bk.  v.  (Justice). — Spenser, 
Fairy  Queen  (1596). 


SALVATOR  ROSA. 


865 


S  A  MI  ASA. 


Salva'tor  Rosa  (The  English),  John 
Hamilton  Mortimer  (1741-177!*;. 

Salvato're  (4  syl.),  Salva'tor  Rosa, 
an  Italian  painter,  especially  noted  for 
hi§  scenes  of  brigands,  etc.  (1615-1G73). 

But,  ever  and  anon,  to  soothe  your  vision. 
Fatigued  with  these  hereditary  glories. 

There  rot*  a  Carlo  Dolce  "r  n  Titian, 
Or  wilder  group  of  savage  Solvstore'a. 

Byron,  Don  Sunn,  xiii.  71  (1824). 

Bam.  a  gentleman,  the  friend  of 
Franeis'co. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
Alons.  Thomas  (1010). 

Sam,  one  of  the  Know-Nothings  or 
Katire  American  party.  One  of  "Uncle 
Sam's  "  sons. 

Sam  (Vicky),  a  Liverpool  man. 

Sam  ( Uncle),  the  United  States  of 
North  America,  or  rather  the  government 
of  the  states  personified.  So  called  from 
Samuel  Wilson,  uncle  of  Ebenezer 
Wilson.  Ebenezer  was  inspector  of 
Elbert  Anderson's  store  on  the  Hudson, 
and  Samuel  superintended  the  workmen. 
The  stores  were  marked  E'A.  U'S. 
("  Elbert  Anderson,  United  States"),  but 
the  workmen  insisted  that  U-S.  stood 
for  "  Uncle  Sam." — Mr.  Frost. 

Sam  SilverquiU,  one  of  the 
prisoners  at  Portanferry. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

Sam  "WeUer,  servant  of  Mr.  Pick- 
wick. The  impersonation  of  the  shrewd- 
ness, quaint  humour,  and  best  qualities 
of  cockney  low  life. — C.  Dickens,  Tlie 
Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Sa'mael  (3  syl.),  the  prince  of 
demons,  who,  in  the  guise  of  a  serpent, 
tempted  Eve  in  paradise.     (See  Samiki,.) 

Samandal,  the  largest  and  most 
powerful  of  the  under-sea  empires.  The 
inhabitants  of  these  empires  live  under 
water  without  being  wetted  ;  transport 
themselves  instantaneously  from  place 
to  place  ;  can  live  on  our  earth  or  in  the 
Island  of  thr  Moon  ;  are  great  sorcerers  ; 
and  speak  the  language  of  "Solomon's 
seal." — Arabian  Nights  ("Pederand  Giau- 
hare"). 

Samarcand    Apple,      ft     perfect 

1>»nacea  of  all  diseases.  It  was  bought 
ty  prince  Ahmed,  and  was  instrumental 
in  restoring  Nouroun'uihar  to  perfect 
health,  although  at  the  very  point  of 
death. 

In  fact,  sir,  BUM  Is  no  dl-ea  r.  however  painful  or 
dangerous,  whether  fever,  pleurisy,  plague,  it  any  other 

disorder,  hut  It  uill  in  l.. nil)  cure;  ami  tli.it  In 

37 


l-ossible  way  :  It  Is  simply  to  make  the  sick  person  smell 
of  the  apple.— Arabian  Xiyhu  ("Ahmed  and  Pari- 
Baiwu  "). 

SamTbenites  [Sam'.be.ncetz~],  persons 
dressed  in  the  aambenlto,  a  yellow  coat 
without  sleeves,  having  devils  painted 
on  it.  The  sambenito  was  worn  by 
"  heretics"  on  their  way  to  execution. 

And  blow  us  up  i"  Uie  open  streets. 
Disguised  in  ruiu|*.  like  samtieultes. 

a  Butler,  JliuiiOrai,  iiL  3  (1678). 

Sambo,  any  male  of  the  negro  race. 

No  race  has  shown  such  capabilities  of  adaptation  to 
vaninj^  &'il  and  circumstances  as  the  negro. 
^idws  of  Canada,  the  rocky  land  of  N 

land  or  tin-  gorg i  proJbston  of  the  Southern 

Sambo  and  Cufiey  expand  under  them  alL— 1L  Beectier 
Stowe. 

Sam'eri  (Al),  the  proselyte  who 
cast  the  golden  calf  at  the  bidding  of 
Aaron.  After  he  had  made  it,  he  took 
up  some  dust  on  which  Gabriel's  horse 
had  set  its  feet,  threw  it  into  the  calf's 
mouth,  and  immediately  the  calf  became 
animated  and  began  to  low.  Al  Bei- 
dawi  says  that  Al  Sameri  was  not  really 
a  proper  name,  but  that  the  real  name  of 
the  artificer  was  Musa  elm  Dhafar.  Sel- 
den  says  Al  Sameri  means  "the  keeper," 
ami  that  Aaron  was  so  called,  because  he 
was  the  keeper  or  "guardian  of  the 
people." — Selden,  De  Diis  Syris,  i.  4  (see 
Al  Koran,  ii.  notes). 

Sa'mian  (The  Long-Haired),T\{h&- 
goras  or  Budda  Ghooroos,  a  native  of 
Samos  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

Samian  He'ra.  Hera  or  Here,  wife 
of  Zeus,  was  born  at  Samos.  She  was 
worshipped  in  I'^gypt  as  well  as  in 
Greece. 

Samian  Letter  (The),  the  letter  Y, 
used  by  Pythagoras  as  an  emblem  of  the 
path  of  virtue  and  of  vice.  Virtue  is 
like  the  stem  of  the  letter.  ( >nee  de\  lated 
from,  the  further  the  linos  are  extended 
the  wider  the  divergence  becomes. 

When  reason,  doubtful,  like  the  Bamla.ll  letter. 
Points  him  two  ways,  the  nan 

Pope,  The  nuoci.nl,  iv.  (1742). 
Kt  tibl  qua)  Sumlos  diduxlt  litem  ramus. 

lYr.-his,  S.itiret. 

Samian  Sage  (The),  Pythagoras, 
born  at  Samos  (sixth  century  B.C.). 

"Tia  enough 
In  this  late  age,  adventurous  to  bare  touched 

Ughl  on  Uie  iiuiiiIh II 

Thomson. 

Samias'a,  a  seraph,  in  love  with 
Aholiba'mah  the  granddaughter  of  Cain. 

\\  heil  the  Flood  came,  the  seraph  earried 
off    his   mnamorata  to  another    planet. — 
Byron,  Heaven  and  Earth  (lrilii). 
3  a 


SAMIEL. 

Sa'miel,  the  Black  Huntsman  of  the 
Wolf's  Glen,  who  gave  to  Der  Freischiltz 
Beven  balls,  six  of  which  were  to  hit 
whatever  the  marksman  aimed  at,  but 
the  seventh  was  to  be  at.  the  disposal  of 
Samiel.  (See  Samael.) — Weber,  Der 
Freischiltz  (libretto  by  Kind,  18*22). 

Samiel  "Wind  ( The),  the  simoom. 

Burning  and  headlong  as  the  Samiel  wind. 

T.  Moore.  Lalla  Rookii,  i.  (1817). 

Samient,  the  female  ambassador  of 
queen  Mercilla  to  queen  Adicia  (wife  of 
the  soldan).  Adicia  treated  her  with 
great  contumely,  thrust  her  out  of  doors, 
and  induced  two  knights  to  insult  her ; 
but  sir  Artegal,  coming  up,  drove  at  one 
of  the  unmannerly  knights  with  such 
fury  us  to  knock  him  from  his  horse  and 
break  his  neck. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
v.  (1596). 

(This  refers  to  the  tieatment  of  the 
deputies  sent  by  the  states  of  Holland  to 
Spain  for  the  redress  of  grievances. 
Philip  ("the  soldan")  detained  the 
deputies  as  prisoners,  disregarding  the 
sacred  rights  of  their  office  as  ambas- 
sadors.) 

Sam'ite  (2  syl.),  a  ver}'  rich  silk, 
sometimes  interwoven  with  gold  or  silver 
thread. 

...  an  arm 
Rose  up  from  the  boom  of  the  lake, 
Jlothed  in  white  samite. 

Tennyson,  Morte  <T Arthur  (1858). 

Sam'ma,  the  demoniac  that  John 
"  the  Beloved  "  could  not  exorcise.  Jesus, 
coming  from  the  Mount  of  Olives,  re- 
buked Satan,  who  quitted  "  the  possessed," 
and  left  him  in  his  right  mind. — Klopstock, 
Tlie  Messiah,  ii.  (1748). 

Sam'oed  Shore  (The).  Samoi'eda  is 
a  province  of  Muscovy,  contiguous  to  the 
Frozen  Sea. 

Now,  from  the  north 
Of  Noruml  cga,  and  the  Samoed  shore,  .  ,  . 
Boreas  and  Caociaa  .  .  .  rend  the  woods,  and  seas  upturn. 
Milton,  Paradite  Lost,  x.  6115  (1665). 

Sampson,  one  of  Capulet's  servants. 
— Shakespeare,  Borneo  and  Juliet  (1597). 

Samp'son,  a  foolish  advocate,  kinsman 
of  judge  Vertaigne  (2  syl.). — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  The  Little  French  Lawyer 
1*1647). 

Sampson  (Dominie)  or  Abel  Sampson, 
tutor  to  Harry  Bertram  son  of  the  laird  .if 
EUangowan.  One  of  the  best  creations 
of  romance.  His  favourite  exclamation 
is  "Prodigious!"  Dominie  Sampson  is 
very  learned,  simple,  and  green.  Sir 
Walter  describes  him  as  "a  poor,  modest, 


866  SANCHA. 


humble  scholar,  who  had  woe  his  way 
through  the  classics,  but  fallen  to  the  lee- 
ward in  the  voyage  of  life." — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Mannering  (time,  George  II.). 

His  appearance  puritanical.  Ragged  black  clothes,  blue 
worsted  stockings,  pewter-headed  long  cane. — fc'uy  Man- 
nering (dramatized),  i.  i 

Sampson  (George),  a  friend  of  the 
Wilfer  family.  He  adored  Bella  Wilfer, 
but  married  her  youngest  sister  Lavinia. 
— C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Samson  (The  British),  Thomas  Tap- 
ham  (1710-1749). 

Samson  Agonistes  (4  syl.),  "  Sam- 
son the  Combatant,"  a  sacred  drama  by 
Milton,  showing  Samson  blinded  and 
bound,  but  triumphant  over  his  enemic*. 
who  sent  for  him  to  make  sport  by  feats 
of  strength  on  the  feast  of  Dagon. 
Having  amused  the  multitude  for  a  time, 
he  was  allowed  to  rest  awhile  against 
the  "  grand  stand,"  and,  twining  his  arms 
round  two  of  the  supporting  pillars,  he 
pulled  the  whole  edifice  down,  and  died 
himself  in  the  general  devastation  (1632). 

Samson's  Crown,  an  achievement 
of  great  renown,  which  costs  the  life  of 
the  doer  thereof.  Samson's  greatest  ex- 
ploit was  [lulling  down  the  "grand 
stand "  occupied  by  the  chief  magnates 
of  Philistia  at  the  feast  of  Dagon.  By 
this  deed,  "  he  slew  at  his  death  more  than 
[all]  they  which  he  slew  in  his  life." — 
Judges  xvi.  30. 

And  by  self-niln  seek  a  Samson's  crown. 
Lord  Brooke,  Inqiiirition  ujnm  Fame,  etc.  (1554-1628). 

San  Ben'ito,  a  short  linen  dress, 
with  demons  painted  on  it,  worn  by  per- 
sons condemned  by  the  Inquisition. 

For  some  time  the  "traitor  Newman  "  was  solemnly 
paraded  in  inquisitorial  n»  benito  before  the  enlightened 
public — E.  Yates.  Celebrities,  xxii. 

San  Bris  (Contedi),  father  of  Valen- 
ti'na.  During  the  Bartholomew  slaughter, 
his  daughter  and  her  husband  (Kaoul) 
were  both  shot  by  a  party  of  musketeers, 
under  the  count's  command. — Meyerbeer, 
Les  Huguenots  (opera,  1836). 

Saneha,  daughter  of  Garcias  king  of 
Navarre,  and  wife  of  Fernan  Gonsalez 
of  Castile.  Saneha  twice  saved  the  life 
of  her  husband:  when  he  was  cast  into 
a  dungeon  by  some  personal  enemies  who 
waylaid  him,  she  liberated  him  by  bribing 
the  jailer  ;  and  when  he  was  incarcerated 
at  Leon,  she  effected  his  escape  by  changing 
clothes  with  him. 

The  countess  of  Nithsdale  effected  the 
escape  of  her  husband  from  the  Tower,  in 
1715,  by  changing  clothes  with  him. 


8ANCHEZ  II. 


8G7 


SANGLIER, 


The  countess  de  Lavalette,  in  1815, 
liberated  her  husband,  under  sentence  of 

death,  in  the  same  way  ;  but  the  terror  she 
Buttered  so  all'ected  her  nervous  system 
that  she  lost  her  Benses,  and  never  after- 
wards recovered  them. 

San'chez  II.  of  Castile  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Zamo'ra,  1065. 

It  was  when  drive  king  Sanchez 
Was  before  Zamora  sl.iin. 

Lunf,-(ellow,  The  Challenge. 

Sanchi'ca,  eldest  daughter  of  Sancho 
and  Teresa  Panza. — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote  (ltJ0o-15). 

Sancho  {Dun),  a  rich  old  beau,  uncle 
to  Victoria.  "lie  affects  the  misde- 
meanours of  a  youth,  hides  his  baldness 
with  amber  locks,  and  complains  of  tooth- 
ache, to  make  people  believe  that  his  teeth 
are  not  false  ones."  Don  Sancho  "loves 
in  the  style  of  Roderigo  I." — Mrs.  Cowley, 
A  Bold  'Stroke  fur  a  Husband  (1782). 

Sancho  Panza,  the  'squire  of  don 
Quixote.  A  short,  pot-bellied  peasant, 
with  plenty  of  shrewdness  and  good 
common  sense.  He  rode  upon  an  ass 
which  he  dearly  loved,  and  was  noted  for 
his  proverbs. 

Sancho  Panza1  s  Ass,  Dapple. 

Sancho  Panza1  a  Island-City,  Karataria, 
where  he  was  for  a  time  governor. 

Sancho  Puma's  Wife,  Teresa  [Cascajo" 
(pt.  II.  i.  5)  ;  Maria  or  Mary  [Uutderezj 
(pt.  II.  iv.  7)  ;  Dame  Juana  [Gutierez' 
(pt.  I.  i.  7)  ;  and  Joan  (pt.  I.  iv.  21). — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote  (1605-15). 

***  The  model  painting  of  Sancho 
Pan/a  is  by  Leslie  ;  it  is  called  "  Sancho 
and  the  Duchess." 

Sanchoni'athon  or  Sanchoniatho. 
Nine  books  ascribed  to  this  author  were 
published  at  Bremen  in  1837.  The 
original  was  said  to  have  been  discovered 
in  the  convent  of  St.  Maria  de  Mcrinhao, 
by  colonel  Pereira,  a  Portuguese  ;  but  it 
was  soon  ascertained  that  no  BUCh  convent 
existed,  that  there  was  no  colonel  of  the 
name  of  Pereira  in  the  Portuguese  service, 
and  that  the  panel  bore  the  water-mark 
of  the  Osnabrlick  paper-mills.  (See  Im- 
postors,  Literary.) 

Sanct-Cyr  [Hugh  de),  the  Benescha] 
of  King  Rend,  at  Aix. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Qeierstem  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Sancy  Diamond  ( The)   weighs  68J 

Carats,    and     belonged     to    Diaries    "the 

Bold     of  Burgundy.     It  was  bought,  in 
L495,  by  Emmanuel  of  Portugal,  and  was 

sold,  in  158U,  by  don  Antonio  to  the  sieur 


de  Sancy,  in  whose  family  it  remained  for 
a  century.  The  sieur  deposited  it  with 
Henri  IV.  as  a  security  fur  a  loan  of  money. 
The  servant  entrusted  with  it,  being 
attacked  by  robbers,  swallowed  it,  and 
being  murdered,  the  diamond  was  re- 
covered by  Nicholas  de  Harlay.  We 
next  hear  of  it  in  the  possession  of 
James  II.  of  England,  who  carried  it  with 
him  in  his  flight,  in  1688.  Louis  XIV. 
bought  it  of  him  for  £25,000.  It  wan 
sold  in  the  Revolution  :  Napoleon  I.  re- 
bought  it;  in  1825  it  was  sold  to  Paul 
Demidoff  for  £80,000.  The  prince  sold 
it,  in  1830,  to  M.  Levrat,  administrator  of 
the  Mining  Society  ;  but  as  Levrat  failed 
in  his  engagement,  the  diamond  became, 
in  183'2,  the  subject  of  a  lawsuit,  which 
was  given  in  favour  of  the  prince.  We 
next  hear  of  it  in  Bombay;  in  1867  it 
was  transmitted  to  England  by  the  firm 
of  Forbes  and  Co.  ;  in  1873  it  formed  part 
of  "the crown  necklace," worn  by  Mary  of 
Sachsen  Altenburg  on  her  marriage  with 
Albert  of  Prussia  ;  in  1876,  in  the  in- 
vestiture of  the  Star  of  India  by  the 
prince  of  Wales,  in  Calcutta,  Dr.  \V.  H. 
Russell  tells  us  it  was  worn  as  a  pendant 
by  the  maharajah  of  Puttiala. 

%*  Streeter,  in  his  book  of  Precious 
Stones  and  Gems,  120  (1*77),  tells  us  it 
belongs  to  the  czar  of  Russia,  but  if  Dr. 
Russell  is  correct,  it  must  have  been  Bold 
to  the  maharajah. 

Sand  (George).  Her  birth  name  was 
Amantine  Lucile  Aurora  Dupin,  after- 
wards Dudevant  (1804-1877). 

Sand-Bag.  Only  knights  were  nl- 
lowed  to  light  with  lance  and  sword  ; 
meaner  men  used  an  ebon  Btaff,  to  one  end 
of  which  was  fastened  a  sand-bag. 

Engaged  wttli  inoiiejhiu-i.  a,,  bold 
As  men  with  nnd-bagi  di.l  of  "M. 

B.  liutler,  J/iuiibras  (1663-78). 

San'dabar,  an  Arabian  writer,  about 
a  century  before  the  Christian  era,  famous 
for  his  Parables. 

It  was  rumoured  tie  eontil  uj 
Tlie  /  tar. 

Longfellnw,  lite  WttftUM  Inn  (|irc!uile,  1863). 

Sanden,  the  great  palace  of  king  Lion, 
in  the  beast-epic  of  Beynard  the  J-'ox 
(1498). 

Sanilf'ord  (Harry),  the  companion  of 
Tommy  Merton.  [nomas  Day,  History 
of  Skmdford  and  M,  rton  (1788  i"). 

Ban'glamore  (3  syl.),  the  sword  if 
Braggadochio.—  Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  in. 
(15901. 

Sanglier  (Sir),  a  knight  who  insisted 


SANGLIER  DES  ARDENNES.       868 


SANGRADO. 


on  changing  wives  with  a  squire,  and 
when  the  lady  objected,  he  cut  off  her 
head,  and  rode  off  with  the  squire's  wife. 
Being  brought  before  sir  Artegal,  sir 
Sanglier  insisted  that  the  living  lady 
was  his  wife,  and  that  the  dead  woman 
was  the  squire's  wife.  Sir  Artegal  com- 
manded that  the  living  and  dead  women 
should  both  be  cut  in  twain,  and  half  of 
each  be  given  to  the  two  litigants.  To 
this  sir  Sanglier  gladly  assented ;  but 
the  squire  objected,  declaring  it  would  be 
far  better  to  give  the  lady  to  the  knight 
than  that  she  should  suffer  death.  On 
this,  sir  Artegal  pronounced  the  living 
woman  to  be  the  squire's  wife,  and  the 
dead  one  to  be  the  knight's. — Spenser, 
Faery  Qiicen,  v.  1  (1596). 

("Sir  Sanglier"  is  meant  for  Shan 
O'Neil,  leader  of  the  Irish  insurgents  in 
1567.  Of  course,  this  judgment  is  bor- 
rowed from  that  of  Solomon,  1  Kings 
iii.  16-27.) 

Sanglier  des  Ardennes,  Guil- 
laumc  de  la  Marck  (1446-1485). 

Sangraal,  Sancgreal,  etc.,  gene- 
rally said  to  be  the  holy  plate  from  which 
Christ  ate  at  the  Last  Supper,  brought  to 
England  by  Joseph  of  Arimathy.  What- 
ever it  was,  it  appeared  to  king  Arthur 
and  his  150  knights  of  the  Round  Table, 
but  suddenly  vanished,  and  all  the  knights 
vowed  they  would  go  in  quest  thereof. 
Only  three,  sir  Bors,  sir  Percivale,  and 
sir  Galahad,  found  it,  and  only  sir  Gala- 
had touched  it,  but  he  soon  died,  and 
was  borne  by  angels  np  intc  heaven. 
The  sangraal  of  Arthurian  romance  is 
"the  dish"  containing  Christ  transub- 
stantiated by  the  sacrament  of  the  Mass, 
and  made  visible  to  the  bodily  eye  of  man. 
This  will  appear  quite  obvious  to  the 
reader  by  the  following  extracts  : — 

Then  anon  they  heard  cracking  and  crying  of  thunder. 
...  In  the  midst  of  the  hlast  entered  a  sunbeam  more 
clear  hy  seven  times  than  the  day,  and  all  they  were 
alh-'hted  of  the  grace  of  the  Holy  Ghost  .  .  .  Then  there 
entered  Into  the  hall  the  Holy  Grale  covered  with  white 
samite,  but  there  was  none  that  could  see  It,  nor  who 
b:ire  it,  but  the  whole  hall  was  full  filled  with  good 
odours,  and  every  knight  had  such  meat  and  drink  as  he 
best  loved  in  the  world,  and  when  the  Holy  Gnde  had 
been  borne  through  the  hall,  then  the  holy  veeeel  departed 
suddenly,  and  they  wist  not  where  it  became. — Ch.  M. 

Then  looked  they  anil  saw  a  man  come  out  of  the  holy 
vessel  that  had  all  the  sigii3  of  the  passion  of  Christ,  and 
he  said  .  .  .  "This  is  the  holy  dish  wherein  I  ate  (he  lamb 
On  Sher-Thursday,  and  now  halt  thou  seen  it .  .  .  ye(  hast 
thou  not  seen  it  80  openly  as  thou  shalt  see  it  In  the  city 
Df  Sarras  .  .  .  therefore  thou  must  go  hence  and  bear 
With  thee  this  holy  vessel,  for  this  night  it  shall  depart 
torn  the  realm  of  Logris  .  .  .  and  take  with  thee  .  .  . 
lir  Percivale  and  sir  Bors." — Ch.  101. 

So  departed  sir  Galahad,  ai.d  sir  IVrcivale  and  sir  Bors 
ritli  him.  And  so  they  rode  three  days,  and  came  to  a 
irer,  and  found  a  ship  .  .  .  ami  when  on  board,  they 
ound  In  the  midst  the  table  of  silver  am  I  the  BancgreaTl 
kvered  with  red  aainita.  .  .  .  Thou  »lr  Galahad  laid  him 


down  and  slept  .  .  .  and  when  he  woke  ...  he  saw  the 
city  o(  Sarras  (ch.  103).  ...  At  the  year's  end,  ...  be 
saw  before  him  the  holy  vessel,  and  a  man  kneeling  upon 
his  knees  in  the  likeness  of  the  bishop,  which  had  about 
him  a  great  fellowship  of  angels,  as  it  had  been  Christ 
Himself  .  .  .  and  when  be  came  to  the  sakering  of  the 
Mass,  and  had  done,  anon  he  called  sir  Galahad,  and  said 
unto  him,  "  Come  forth.  .  .  .  and  thou  shalt  see  that 
which  thou  hast  much  desired  to  see  "...  and  he  beheld 
spiritual  things  .  .  .  (ch.  1041. — Sir  T.  Malory,  Hutary  o/ 
frince  Arthur,  ill.  36.  101,  104  (1470). 

The  earliest  story  of  the  holy  graal 
was  inverse  (a.d.  1100),  author  unknown. 

Chre'tien  de  Troyes  has  a  romance  in 
eii;ht- syllable  verse  on  the  same  subject 
(1170). 

Guiot's  tale  of  Titurel  founder  of 
Graal-burg,  and  Yarzival  prince  thereof, 
belongs  to  the  twelfth  century. 

Wolfram  von  Eschenbach,  a  minne- 
singer, took  Guiot's  tale  as  the  foundation 
of  his  poem  (thirteenth  century). 

In  Titurel  the  Younger  the  subject  is 
very  fully  treated. 

Sir  T.  "Malory  (in  pt.  iii.  of  the  History 
of  Prince  Arthur,  translated  in  1470  from 
the  French)  treats  the  subject  in  prose 
very  fully. 

R.  S.  Hawker  has  a  poem  on  the  San- 
graal, but  it  was  never  completed. 

Tennvson  ha3  an  idvll  called  The  Holy 
Grail  (1858). 

Boissere'e  published,  in  1834,  at  Munich, 
a  work  On  the  Description  of  the  Temple 
of  the  Holy  Graal. 

Sangra'do  (Doctor),  of  Valladolid. 
This  is  the  "Sagredo"  of  Espinel's  ro- 
mance called  Marcos  de  Obregon.  "The 
doctor  was  a  tall,  meagre,  pale  man,  who 
had  kept  the  shears  of  Clotho  employed  for 
forty  years  at  least.  He  had  a  very  solemn 
appearance,  weighed  his  discourse,  and 
used  '  great  pomp  of  words.'  His  reason- 
ings were  geometrical,  and  his  opinions 
his  own."  Dr.  Sangrado  considered  that 
blood  was  not  needful  for  life,  and  that 
hot  water  could  not  be  administered  too 
plentifully  into  the  system.  Gil  Blag 
became  his  servant  and  pupil,  and  waf 
allowed  to  drink  any  quantity  of  water, 
but  to  eat  only  sparingly  of  beans,  peas, 
and  stewed  apples. 

Other  physicians  make  the  healing  art  consist  In  the 
knowledge  of  a  thousand  different  sciences,  but  I  go  a 
shorter  way  to  work,  and  spare  the  trouble  of  studtiiig 
pharmacy,  anatomy,  botany,  and  physic.  Know,  then, 
that  all  which  is  required  is  to  bleed  the  patients  copiooal] , 
ami  make  them  drink  warm  water. — Lesage,  Oil  Mai,  il 

a  (iris). 

Dr.  Hancock  prescribed  cold  water  and 
stewed  prunes. 

Dr.  Rezio  of  Barataria  allowed  Sancho 
Panza  to  eat  "a  few  wafers  and  a  thin 
slice  or  two  of  quince." — Cervantes,  Don 
Qmxotc,  II.  iii.  10  (1615). 


BANJAK-SIIERIP. 


8G9 


SANTIAGO  FOR  SPAIN. 


Sanjak-Sherif,  the  banner  of  Ma- 
homet.    (See  p.  oito.) 

Sansar,  the  icy  wind  of  death,  kept 
in  the  deepest  rut  rails  of  the  earth,  called 
in  Thaiaka  "  Sarsur." 

She  |MM«d  by  rapid  descents  known  only  to  Eblls,  .  .  . 
and  thus  penetrated  Uie  very  entrails  of  the  cart)  ,  » tit-re 
breathes  the  Sansar  or  icy  wind  of  death.— W.  Beck,  ford, 
Vathek  (17S4). 

Sansculottes  (3  syl.),  a  low,  riff-raff 
party  in  the  great  French  Revolution,  so 
shabby  in  dress  that  they  were  termed 
"  the  trouser-less."  The  calotte  is  the 
breeches,  called  brack  by  the  ancient 
Gauls,  and  /uiuts-de-chuusses  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  IX. 

Sansculottism,  red  republicanism, 
or  the  revolutionary  platform  of  the  Sans- 
culottes. 

The  duke  of  Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  a  Lirae  array, 
Uivridcd  France  to  restore  Louis  XVI.  to  tho  throne,  and 
■an  legitimacy  fr*»m  Uie  ncrileglotii  hands  of  ■anjculot1 
tk.ni.  — < i.  H.  Lew es.  Story  0/  Uvethe'i  Life. 

Literary  Sinsailottisrn,  literature  of  a 
low  character,  like  that  of  the  "Minerva 
Press,"  the  "  Leipsic  Fair,*'  "  llollywell 
Street,"  "  Grub  Street,"  and  so  on. 

Sansfoy,  a  "faithless  Saracen,"  who 

attacked  the  Red  Cross  Knight,  but  was 
slain  by  him.  "  He  cared  for  neither 
God  nor  man."  Sansfoy  personifies  in- 
fidelity. 

Sansfoy,  full  larste  of  limh  and  every  joint 

He  was,  and  card  not  fur  God  Of  mail  a  point. 

Spenser,  r'u.ry  queen,  i.  J  (IBM), 

Sansjoy,  brother  of  Sansfoy.  When 
he  came  to  the  court  of  Lucifera,  he 
noticed  the  shield  of  Sansfoy  on  the  arm 
of  the  Red  Cross  Knight,  and  his  rage 
was  so  great  that  he  was  with  difficulty 
restrained  from  running  on  the  champion 
there  and  then,  but  Lncifera  hade  him 
defer  the  combat  to  the  following  day. 
Next  day,  the  light  began,  but  just  as  the 
Bed  ('rust  Knight  was  about  to  deal  hia 
adversary  ■  death-blow,  Sansjoy  was 
enveloped  in  a  thick  cloud,  and  carried 
oil'  in  the  chariot  at  Night  to  the  infernal 
regions,  where  .Ksciilapius  healed  him  of 
his  wounds. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  i.  1, 
6  (1690). 

(The  rentier  will  doubtless  call  to  mind 
the   O  mbat     rf    lienal&oa  and    Paris,   and 

remember  1  ow  the  Trojan  was  invested 

in  a  cloud  at.  J  carried  oil  by  Venus  under 
similar    circumstances.  —  Homer,    Iliad, 

XXX.) 

Sansloy  (" superstition"),  the  brother 
of  Sansfoy  and  Sansjoy.  He  earned  oil' 
Una    to    the    wilderness,    but    when    the 


fauns  ami  satyrs  came  to  her  rescue,  he 
saved  himself  by  flight. 

%*  The  meaning  of  this  allegory  is 
this:  Una  (truth),  separated  from  St. 
(ieorge  {holiness),  is  deceived  by  Hypo- 
crisy ;    and     immediately     truth     joins 

hypocrisy,  it  is  carried  away  by  supersti- 
tion.    Spenser  says  the  "simplicity   of 

truth  "  abides  with  the  common  people, 
especially  of  the  rural  districts,  after 
it  is  lost  to  towns  and  the  luxurious 
great.  The  historical  reference  is  to 
Queen  Mary,  in  whose  reign  Una  (the 
Reformation)  was  carried  captive,  and 
religion,  being  mixed  up  with  hypocrisy, 
degenerated  into  superstition,  but  the 
rural  population  adhered  to  the  simplicity 
of  the  protestant  faith. — Spenser,  Faery 
Queen,  i.  2  (la'JO). 

Sansonetto,  a  Christian  recent  of 
Mecca,  vicegerent  of  Charlemagne. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (lolC). 

Sansuenna,  now  Stint/ossa. 

Santa  Casa,  the  house  occupied  by 
the  Virgin  Mary  at  her  conception,  and 
removed,  in  1291,  from  Galilee  to  LorettO. 

Santa  Klaus  (1  syl.),  the  Dutch 
name  of  St.  Nicholas,  the  patron  saint 
of  boys. 

In  Flanders  ami  Holland,  the  children  put  out  their 
shoe  or  itoaklna  on  Christinas  Bre,  in  the  conSdanca  tl.at 
Santa  Klaus  or  Knecht  Ctobei  (ai  tliry  call  Dim)  will  put 
ill  a  prize  for  good  conduct  before  morning. — Yonge. 

Santiago  [Sent.yah'.go'],  the  war- 
cry  of  Spain  ;  adopted  because  St.  .lames 
(Stint  logo)  rendered,  according  to  tradi- 
tion, signal  service  to  a  Christian  king  of 
Spain  in  a  battle  against  l he  Moore. 

Santiago  for  Spain.     This  saint 

was    , lames,   son    of    Xebcdeo,    brother    of 

John.     He  was  beheaded,  and  caught  bis 

head  in  his  hands  as  it  fell.  The  .lews 
were  astonished,  but  when  they  touched 
the  body  they  found  it  so  cold  that  their 
hands  and  arms  were  paralv/cd.  -Fran- 
Cisco  Xavier,  A  Hates  tie  Qalicia  I  1  • 

Santiago's  Head.  When  Santiago  went 
to  Spain  in  his  marble  ship,  he  had  no 
head  on  his  body.  The  passage  took 
seven  days,  and  the  ship  »m  steered  by 
the    "  presiding    hand    ot     Providence. "- 

EspaHa  Sagrada,  xx.  <'>. 

Santiago  had  two  heads,  <>ne  of  his 
heads   is   at    Brag*,   and    one  at  Com  DO- 

Stella. 

***  John  the  Baptist  had  half  a  doxes 
heads  at  tie'  least,  and  as  many  bodies, 
all  capable  of  working  miracles. 

Santiago  leads    the   armies    of   <S/*/ir» 


SANTONS. 


870 


SARDOIN  HERB. 


Thirty-eight  instances  of  the  interference 
of  this  saint  arc  gravely  set  down  as  facts 
in  the  Chronicles  of  Galicia,  and  this  is 
superadded:  "These  instances  are  well 
known,  but  I  hold  it  for  certain  that  the 
appearances  of  Santiago  in  our  victorious 
armies  have  been  much  more  numerous, 
and  in  fact  that  every  victory  obtained 
by  the  Spaniards  has  been  really  achieved 
by  this  great  captain."  Once,  when  the 
rider  on  the  white  horse  was  asked  in 
battle  who  he  was,  he  distinctly  made 
answer,  "  I  am  the  soldier  of  the  King  of 
kings,  and  my  name  is  James." — Don 
Miguel  Erce  Gimenez,  Armas  i  Triunfos 
del  Jieino  de  Galicia,  648-9. 

The  true  name  of  this  saint  was  Jacobo.  .  .  .  We  have 
first  shortened  Santo  Jacobo  into  Santo  Jac'o.  We 
clipped  It  again  into  Sant'  Jnco,  and  by  changing  the  J 
into  /  and  the  c  into  g,  wo  get  Sant-layo.  In  household 
names  we  convert  lago  into  D'layo  or  Diago,  which  we 
soften  into  IHrga.  —  Ambrosio  de  Morales,  Coronica 
Oeneral  de  EtpaUa,  ix.  7,  sect  2  (1586). 

Santons.  a  body  of  religionists,  also 
called  Abduls,  who  pretended  to  be  in- 
spired with  the  most  enthusiastic  raptures 
of  divine  love.  They  were  regarded  by 
the  vulgar  as  saints. — Olearius,  Reisebe- 
schreibumj,  i.  971  (1647)., 

He  diverted  himself  with  the  number  of  calenders, 
8nntons,  and  dervises.  who  were  continually  coming  and 
going,  but  es|>ccmliy  with  the  hrahinins,  faquirs,  and 
other  enthusiasts,  who  h;td  travelled  from  the  heart  of 
India,  and  halted  on  their  way  with  the  euiir.— Beckfurd, 
Vathek  11784). 

Sapphi'ra,  a  female  liar. — Acts  v.  1. 

She  Is  called  the  village  Sapphlra. — Crahbe. 

Sappbo  (The  English),  Mrs.  Mary 
D.  Robinson  (1758-1800). 

Sappho  (T?ie  French),  Mdlle.  Scude'ri 
(1607-1701). 

Sappho  (The  Scotch),  Catherine  Cock- 
burn  (1679-1749). 

Sappho  of  Toulouse,  Cle'mence 
Isaure  (2  si/l.),  who  instituted,  in  1490, 
Les  Jeux  Floraux.  She  is  the  authoress 
of  a  beautiful  Ode  to  Spring  (1463-1513). 

Sapskull,  a  raw  Yorkshire  tike,  son 
of  squire  Sapskull  of  Sapskull  Hall. 
Sir  Penurious  Muckworm  wishes  him  to 
marry  his  niece  and  ward  Arbella,  but  as 
Arbella  loves  Gaylove  a  young  barrister, 
the  tike  is  played  upon  thus  :  Gaylove 
assumes  to  be  Muckworm,  and  his  lad 
Slango  dresses  up  as  a  woman  to  pass 
for  Arbella;  and  while  Sapskull  "mar- 
ries" Slango,  Gaylove,  who  assumes  the 
dress  and  manners  of  the  Yorkshire  tike, 
marries  Arbella.  Of  course,  the  trick  is 
then  discovered,  and  Sapskull  returns  to 
the  home  of  his  father,  befooled  but  not 


married. — Carey,  ffie  Honest  Yorkshire' 
man  (1736). 

Saracen  (A),  in  Arthurian  romance, 
means  any  unbaptized  person,  regardless 
of  nationality.  Thus,  Priamus  of  Tus- 
cany is  called  a  Saracen  (pt.  i.  96,  97) ;  so 
is  sir  Palomides,  simply  because  he 
refused  to  be  baptized  till  he  had  done 
some  noble  deed  (pt.  ii.). — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur  (1470). 

Saragossa,  a  corruption  of  Casaroa 
Augusta.     The  city  was  rebuilt  by  An 
gustus,  and  called  after  his  name,     lta 
former  name  was  Salduba  or  Saldyva. 

Saragossa  ( The  Maid  of) ,  Augustina  Zara- 
gossa  or  Saragoza,  who,  in  1808,  when  the 
city  was  invested  by  the  French,  mounted 
the  battery  in  the  place  of  her  lover  who 
had  been  shot.  Lord  Byron  says,  when  he 
was  at  Seville,  "  the  maid"  used  to  walk 
daily  on  the  prado,  decorated  with  medals 
and  orders,  by  command  of  the  junta. — 
Southev,  History  of  the  Peninsular  War 
(1832). 

Her  lover  sinks — she  sheds  no  ill-timed  tear ; 

Her  chief  is  slain— she  fills  his  fatal  post ; 
Her  fellows  He* — she  checks  their  base  career ; 

The  foe  retires — she  heads  the  sallying  host. 
.   .   .    the  flyili-Mialll, 

Foiled  by  a  mimau's  hand  before  a  battered  wall. 
Byron.  CMIde  Harold.  L  60'  (1809). 

Sardanapalus,  king  of  Nineveh 
and  Assyria,  noted  for  his  luxury  and 
voluptuousness.  Arbaces  the  Mede 
conspired  against  him,  and  defeated  him  ; 
whereupon  his  favourite  slave  Myrra 
induced  him  to  immolate  himself  on  a 
funeral  pile.  The  beautiful  slave,  having 
set  fire  to  the  pile,  jumped  into  the 
blazing  mass,  and  was  burnt  to  death 
with  the  king  her  master  (b.c.  817). — 
Byron,  Sardanapalus  (1819). 

Sardanapalus  of  China  (The), 
Cheo-tsin,  who  shut  himself  up  in  his  palace 
with  his  queen,  and  then  set  fire  to  the 
building,  that  he  might  not  fall  into  the 
hands  of  Woo-wong  (b.c.  1154-1122). 

(Cheo-tsin  invented  the  chopsticks, 
and  Woo-wong  founded  the  Tchow 
dynasty.) 

Sardanapalus  of  Germany 
(The),  Wenceslas  VI.  (or  IV.)  king  of 
Bohemia  and  emperor  of  Germany  (1359, 
1378-1419). 

Sardoin  Herb  (The),  the  herbu 
Sardun'ia  ;  so  called  from  Sardis,  in  Asia 
Minor.  It  is  so  acrid  as  to  produce  a 
convulsive  spasm  of  the  face  resembling 
a  grin.  Phineas  Fletcher  says  the  device 
on  the  shield  of  Flattery  is : 


SARDONIAX  SMILE. 


871 


SATURDAY. 


The  Sardoin  herb 
killing." 


,  the  word  [motto]   "  I   please  In 
The  Purple  Island.  vllL  (1633). 

Sardonian  Smile  or  Grin,  a 
smile  of  contempt.  Byron  expresses  it 
when  he  says:  "There  was  a  laughing 
devil  in  his  sneer." 

But  when  the  villain  saw  her  so  afraid, 
He  'gan  witli  guileful  words  her  to  persuade 
To  banish  fear,  and  with  Sardonian  smile 
Laughing  at  her,  his  false  intent  to  shade. 

Spenser,  Faery  </aeen,  r.  tf  (15J6). 

Sarma'tia,  Poland,  the  country  of 
the  Sarmatae.  In  1795  Poland  was 
partitioned  between  Russia,  Prussia,  and 
Austria. 

Oh,  bloodiest  picture  In  the  book  of  Time  I 
Sarmatia  fell  unwept,  without  a  crime. 
Found  not  a  generous  friend,  a  pitying  foe, 
Strength  in  her  arms,  nor  mercy  in  her  woe. 

Campbell,  Pleasures  0/  Hope,  i.  (1799). 

Sar'ra    {Grain   of),    Tyrian    dye ;    so 
called  from  surra  or  sar,  the  fish  whose 
blood  the   men   of    Tyre  used   in   their 
purple  dye. — Virgil,  Gcorjics,  ii.  50C. 
A  military  vest  of  purple  .  . 
Livelier  than  .  .  .  the  grain 
Of  Sarra.  worn  by  kings  and  heroes  old 
In  time  of  truce. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  xi.  243  (1605). 

Sarsar,  the  icy  wind  of  death,  called 
in  Vathck  "  Sansar." 

The  Sarsar  from  its  womb  went  forth. 
The  icy  wind  of  death. 
Southey,  ThaUiba  the  Destroyer,  L  44  (1797). 

Sassenach,  a  Saxon,  an  Englishman. 
(Welsh,  saesonig  adj.  and  sacsoniad  noun.) 

I  would,  if  1  thought  I'd  be  able  to  catch  some  of  the 
•Tassenaclis  in  London. — Very  far  West  Indeed. 

Satan,  according  to  the  Talmud,  was 
once  an  archangel,  but  was  cast  out  of 
aeaven  with  one-third  of  the  celestial  host 
for  refusing  to  do  reverence  to  Adam. 

In  mediaeval  mythology,  Satan  holds 
the  fifth  rank  of  the  nine  demoniacal 
orders. 

Johan  Wier,  in  his  De  PrcBstigiis 
Dcemonwn  (1664),  makes  Beelzebub  the 
sovereign  of  hell,  and  Satan  leader  of 
the  opposil  ion. 

In  legendary  lore,  Satan  is  drawn  with 
horns  and  a  tail,  saucer  eyes,  and  claws; 
but  Milton  makes  him  a"  proud,  selfish, 
ambitious  chief,  of  gigantic  size,  beauti- 
ful, daring,  and  commanding.  lie  de- 
clares his  opinion  that  "  'tis  tatter  to 
reign  in  hell  than  serve  in  heaven." 
Defoe  has  written  a  Political  History  of 
Use  Devil  ,1720). 

Satan,  according  to  Milton,  monarch  of 
hell.  His  chief  lords  are  Beelzebub, 
Moloch,  Chemoa,  Thammuz,  Dagon, 
Riiumon  and  Belial.  His  standard- 
bearer,  A&az'el. 


He  [.s'ii/<in].  above  the  reet 
In  shape  and  gesture  proudly  eminent. 
Stood  like  a  lower,      nil  form  had  not  yet  lost 
All  her  original  brightnwj  ;  nor  aw  ■ 
Lea  than  archangel  ruined,  and  the  excess 
Of  glory  obecun.l  .  .  .   Un  his  face 
Deep  scars  of  thunder  had  intrenched,  and  care 
Sat  on  his  faded  chock  .  .   .  cruel  his  eye.  but  cut 
Signs  of  remorse. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  L  589,  etc  (1665). 

%*  The  word  Satan  means  "  enemy  ;  ' 
hence  Milton  says  : 

To  whom  the  arch-enemy, 
...  in  heaven  called  Batan. 

Paradise  Lost.  L  81  (1G65) 

Satanic  School  (The),  a  class  of 
writers  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  nine- 
teenth eentury,  who  showed  a  scorn  for 
all  mornl  rules,  and  the  generally  received 
dogmas  of  the  Christian  religion.  The 
most  eminent  English  writers  of  this 
school  were  Bulwer  (afterwards  lord 
Lytton),  Byron,  Moore,  and  P.  B.  Shelley. 
Of  French  writers :  Paul  de  Kock,  Rous- 
seau, George  Sand,  and  Victor  Hugo. 

Immoral  writers  .  .  .  men  of  diseased  hearts  and  de- 
praved imaginations,  who  (forming  a  system  of  opinions 

to   suit    their    own    unhappy    Course   ol    COndl 
rebelled  against  the  holiest  ordinances  of  human 
and  hating  revelation  which  Uiey  try  in  vain  to  disbelieve, 
labour  to  make  others  a*  miserable  as  them 
infecting  them  with  ■  moral  uni.  that  eats  u 
soul.    The  school  which  the)  have  .set  up  may  proper!]  he 
called  "The  Satanic  School." — Southey,  Virion  of  Judg- 
ment (preface,  1823). 

Satire  (Father  of),  Archilochos  of 
Paros  (h.C.  seventh  century). 

Satire  (Father  of  French),  Mathurin 
Regnier  (1573-1G13). 

Satire  (Father  of  lioman),  Lucihu~ 
(n.c.  148-103). 

Satiro-mastix  or  The  Uhtrussmg 
of  the  Humorous  J'"<-t,  a  comedy  by 
Thomas  Dekker  (IGi)l').  Ben  Jonson.  iii 
1601,  had  attacked  Dekker  in  The 
Poetaster,  where  he  calls  himself 
"Horace,"  and  Dekker  •* Cris'pinus." 
Next  year  (1602),  Dekker  replied  with 
spirit  to  this  attack,  in  a  comedy  entitled 
Satiro-mastix,  where  Jonson  is  called 
'•  Horace,  junior." 

Saturday.  To  the  following  English 
sovereigns  from  the  establishment  ox  the 
Tudor  dynasty,  Saturday  has  proved  a 
fatal  day  :  — 

Hk.nkv  VII.  died  Saturdav,  April  21. 
1609. 

George  II.  died  Saturdav,  October 
25,  17G0. 

George  III.  died  Saturday,  January 
29,  1820,  l>iit  of  his  fifteen  children  only 
three  died  on  a  Saturday. 

GEORGE  IV.  died  Saturday,  June  2fi, 
1830,  but  the  princess  Charlotte  died  ou  a 
Tuesday. 


SATURN. 


872       SAVIOUR  OF  THE  NATIONS. 


Prince  Albert  died  Saturday,  De- 
cember 14,  1861.  The  duchess  of  Kent 
and  the  princess  Alice  also  died  on  a 
Saturday. 

***  William  III.,  Anne,  and  George  I. 
all  died  on  a  Sunday ;  William  IV.  on  a 
Tuesday. 

Saturn,  son  of  Heaven  and  Earth. 
He  always  swallowed  his  children  imme- 
diately thev  were  bora,  till  his  wife 
Rhea,  not  liking  to  see  all  her  children 
perisi ,  concealed  from  him  the  birth  of 
Jupiter,  Neptune,  and  Pluto,  and  gave 
her  husband  large  stones  instead,  which 
he  swallowed  without  knowing  the  dif- 
ference. 

Much  as  old  Saturn  ate  his  progeny  ; 

For  when  his  pious  consort  gave  him  stones 

Iu  lieu  of  sons,  of  these  he  made  no  bones. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiv.  1  (1824). 

Saturn,  an  evil  and  malignant  planet. 

He  la  a  genius  full  of  gall,  an  author  born  under  the 

Elanet  Saturn,  a  malicious  mortal,  whose  pleasure  consisU 
l  hating  all  the  world.— Lesage,  Oil  /Has,  v.  19  (17-J4). 
The  children  horn  under  the  sayd  Saturne  shall  be  great 
langeleres  and  chyders  .  .  .  and  they  will  never  fonryve 
tyll  they  be  revenged  of  theyr  quarelL— Ptholouieus, 
Cumpust. 

Satyr.  T.  Woolner  calls  Charles  II. 
'  Charles  the  Satyr." 

Next  flared  Charles  Satyr's  saturnalia 
Of  lady  nymphs. 

My  Beauti/ul  Lady. 

*+*  The  most  famous  statue  of  the 
satyrs  is  that  by  Praxiteles  of  Athens,  in 
the  fourth  century. 

Satyrane  (Sir),  a  blunt  but  noble 
knight,  who  helps  Una  to  escape  from  the 
fauns  and  satyrs. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen, 
i.  (1590). 

And  passion,  erst  unknown,  could  gain 
The  breast  of  blunt  sir  Satyrane. 

Sir  W.  Scott 

***  "  Sir  Satyrane "  is  meant  for  sir 
John  Perrot,  anatural  son  of  Henry  VIII., 
and  lord  deputy  of  Ireland  from  1583  to 
1588 :  but  in  1590  he  was  in  prison  in 
the  Tower  for  treason,  and  was  beheaded 
in  1592. 

Satyr'icon,  a  comic  romance  in  Latin, 
by  Petro'nius  Ar'biter,  in  the  first  century. 
Very  gross,  but  showing  great  power, 
beauty,  and  skill. 

Saul,  in  Dryden'3  satire  of  Absalom 
laiul  Achitophcl,  is  meant  for  Oliver 
Cromwell.  As  Saul  persecuted  David 
and  drove  him  from  Jerusalem,  so  Crom- 
well persecuted  Charles  II.  and  drove 
him  from  England. 

.  .  .  ere  Saul  they  chose, 
God  was  thrir  king,  and  God  they  durst  drtiose. 

Ft.  L  (1681). 


%*  This  was  the  "divine  right  "of 
kings. 

Saunders,  groom  of  sir  Geoffrey 
Peveril  of  the  Peak. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Feveril  of  the  Feak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Saunders  (Richard),  the  pseudonym  of 
Dr.  Franklin,  adopted  in  Poor  Richard's 
Almanac,  begun  in  1732. 

Saunders  Sweepclean,  a  king's 
messenger  at  Knockwinnock  Castle. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time, 
George  III.). 

Saunderson  (Saunders),  butler,  etc., 
to  Mr.  Cosmo  Comyne  Bradwardine 
baron  of  Bradwardine  and  Tully  Veolan. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George 
II.). 

Saurid,  king  of  Egypt,  say  the  Cop- 
tites  (2  syl.),  built  the  pyramids  300 
years  before  the  Flood,  and,  according  to 
the  same  authority,  the  following  inscrip- 
tion was  engraved  upon  one  of  them : — 

I,  king  Saurid,  built  the  pyramids  .  .  .  and  finished 
them  in  six  years.  He  that  conies  after  me  .  .  .  let  him 
destroy  them  in  600  if  he  can  ...  1  also  covered  them 
.  .  .  with  satin,  and  let  him  cover  them  with  matting.— 
Greaves,  Pyramidographia  (seventeenth  century). 

Saut  de  PAUemand  (Le),  "du 
lit  a  la  table,  et  de  la  table  au  lit." 

Of  the  gods  I  but  ask 
That  my  life,  like  the  Leap  of  the  German,  may  be 
"  Du  lit  a  hi  table,  de  la  Uible  au  lit." 

T.  Moore,  The  Fudge  family  in  Pari;  riii.  (1818). 

Savage  (Captain),  a  naval  com- 
mander.— Captain  Marryat,  Feter  Simpln 
(1833). 

Sav'il,  steward  to  the  elder  Loveless. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Tlie  Scornful 
Lady  (1616). 

Savile  Eow  (London).  So  called 
from  Dorothy  Savile  the  great  heiress, 
who  became,  by  marriage,  countess  of 
Burlington  and  Cork.  (See  Clifford 
Street,  p.  197.) 

Sav'ille  (2  syl.),  the  friend  of  Dori- 
court.  He  saves  lady  Frances  Touch- 
wood from  Courtall,  and  frustrates  his 
infamous  designs  on  the  lady's  honour. — 
Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Belle's  Stratayem 
(1780). 

Saville  (Lord),  a  young  nobleman  with 
Chiftinch  (emissary  of  Charles  II.). — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Feveril  of  the  Feak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Saviour  of  Rome,  C.  Marlus  was 
so  called  after  the  overthrow  of  theCimbri . 
July  30,  b.c.  101. 

Saviour  of  the  Nations.    So  the 


SAVOY. 


873 


SCALLOP-SHELL. 


fluke  of  Wellington  was  termed  after  the 
overthrow  of  Bonaparte  (1769-1862). 

Oh.  Wellington  .  .  .  called  "  BavioaT  of  the  •)'•'•'""; :  " 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  a.  6  (l»--*t- 

Savoy  (  The),  a  precinct  of  the  Strand 
(London),    in    which   the    Savoy    Palace 

st 1.     So    called    from    Peter    carl   of 

Savov,  uncle  of  queen  Eleanor  the  wile 
of  Henry  III.  .lean  le  B<>n  of  France, 
when  captive  of  the  Black  Prince,  was 
lodged  in  the  Savoy  Palace  (1356  9). 
The  old  palace  was  hurnt  down  by  the 
rebels  under  Wat  Tvlcr  in  1381.  Henry 
VII.  rebuilt  it  in  1505.  St.  Mary  le 
Savoy,  or  tin  "Chapel  of  St.  John, 
Btill  stands  in  the  precinct. 

Sawney,  a  corruption  of  Sandie,  a 
contracted  form  of  Alexander.  Sawney 
means  a  Scotchman,  as  David  a  Welsh- 
man, John  Bull  an  Englishman,  cousin 
Michael  a  German,  brother  Jonathan  a 
native  of  the  United  States  of  North 
America,  Micaire  a  Frenchman,  Colin 
Tampon  a  Swiss,  and  so  on. 

Sawyer  {Bob),  a  dissipated,  strug- 
gling young  medical  practitioner,  who 
tries  to  establish  a  practice  at  Bristol, 
but  without  success.  Sam  Wellcr  calls 
him  "Mr.  Sawbones."— C.  Dickens,  T/ie 
1'ickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Sax'ifrage  (3  si/l.).  So  called  from 
its  virtues  as  a  lithontriptic. 

Bo  saxifrnKe  is  good,  and  hart's-tongue  for  the  stone. 
With  agrimony,  and  that  berb  we  rail  St.  John. 

Drayton.  I'oli/utbion.  xnL  (1C1J). 

Saxon.  Higden  derives  this  word 
from  the  Latin  saxum,  "a  stone."  This 
reminds  one  of  Lloyd's  derivation  01 
"Ireland,"  "the  land  of  Ire,"  and  Du- 
cange'8  "  Saracen "  from  "Sarah,  Ahra- 
ham's  wife."  Of  a  similar  character  are 
"  Albion  "  from  albas,  "  white;  "  "  PictS " 
from  pkstus,  "painted;"  "Devonshire" 
from  Deboris  share;  "Isle  oJ  Wight^ 
from  "  Wihtgar.  son  ol  Cerdic ; " 
"Britain"  from  Brutus,  a  descendant  of 
iCnSas,  "Scotland"  from skates,  "dark- 
ness;" "Gaul"  (the  French)  from 
gallus,  "a  cock;"  "Dublin."  from 
Chtb[ium]  lin[teum],  "questionable linen," 
and  so  on. 

Men  of  thai  oowntjwe  ben  mora  b/ghtarand  longeron 

tl„.  tet  than  other  m men  or  theerei  "i  the    ee  .  .  ■ 

aiidbeneaUed  Bai ,  ol  warn,  ■  it  one,  to  Ibaj  ban 

u  hard  as  stones.— /'u'j/cromcwi.  1.  -0  [,ISj.  ). 

Swon,  Drayton  says,  IB  so  called  from 
an  instrument  of  war  called  by  the  l.ir- 
mana  handseax.  The  seat  was  a  shoit, 
crooked  sword. 


,\„,1  0f  ti  dm  they  osed  in  war  to  bear,    _ 

o/hV  i,  n,  their  thundering  tongue  the  <;erwans  h-mustm 

name. 
They  Saxons  first  were  named.  ,,_., 

'  Polyolbion,  ir.  (161JV 

Saxon  Duke  [The),  mentioned  by 
Butler  in  liis  Hudibrat,  was  John  Frede- 
rick duke  of  Saxony,  of  whom  Charles 
V.  said,  "  Never  saw  I  such  a  swit*» 
before." 

Say  and   Mean.     Ten  speak  > 

Lamiilak,  yon  say  one  thing  and  n 
another.  The  Basque  Laminaks  ("  Lunes  ) 

always  say  exactly  the  contrary  to  what 
they  mean. 

She  said  to  her,  "  I  must  go  from  home,  hut  vonr  work 
is  in  the  kitchen  ;  smash  the  pitcher,  break  all  the 
plates,    beat   the  children,  give   them   tin -ir   l.reak  ust   by 

themselves,  smudge  theU  feces,  and  nnnple  w,u  feaU 

hair"  Wlien  Hie  Lan.ihak  returned  home,  she  asked 
the  Kill  which  she  ireK.rro.i-a  bag  of  charcoal  or  a  bag 
of  gold,  a  beautiful  Max  or  a  donkey's  tail  1  fhaglr; 
made  answer.  "Abag  of  eharcoal  and  a  d.„,k.-ys  tad 
Whereupon  the  tairj  gave  her  a  bag  ol  gold  ana  a 
beautiful  suu-.— Uev.  W.  Webster.  B-u^jut  fajiaifl,  5J 
(lS7ti). 

Sboga  (Jean),  the  hero  of  a  romance 
by  C.  Nodier  (1818),  the  leader  of  a 
bandit,  in  the  spirit  of  lord  Byron's  Cor- 
sair and  Lara. 

Scadder  {General),  a^ent  in  the 
office  of  the  "Eden  Settlement."  His 
peculiarity  consisted  in  the  two  distinct 
expressions  of  his  profile,  for  "one  sice 
seemed  to  be  listening  to  what  the  other 
side  was  doing."— C.  Dickens,  Marti* 
Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Scalds,  court  poets  and  chroniclers  of 
the  ancient  Scandinavians.  They  resided 
at  court,  were  attached  to  the  royal  suite, 
and  attended  the  kin;,'  in  all  his  wars. 
They  also  acted  as  ambassadors  between 
hostile  tribes,  and  their  per.-ons  were  held 
sacred.      These    bards  celebrated  in   BOng 

lh, ,1s.    the     kings    of     Norway,    and 

national     heroes.       Their    lays    or 

were     compiled  in    the    eleventh  century 

by    Sivniund    Sigfuseon,    a    priest    and 

Bcald   of    Ireland,  and   the   compilation    IS 

called  the  Elder  or  Ehythmioai  Edda, 

Scallop-Shell  {The).  Every  bufl 
knows  that  St.  James's  pilgrims  arc  dis- 
tinguished by  Bcallop-ehells,  but  it  ■>  a 

blunder  to  BUppOBS  that  other  pil-nms 
are    privileged    to  wear  them.      'Ihree   of 

the  popes  have,  by  their  bulls,  distinctly 
confirmed  this  right  to  the  Compostelta 
pilgrim  ah.no:  viz.,  pope  Alexander  in., 
pope  Gregory  IX.,  and  pope  Clement  \. 

Now.  iiie  escallop  or  scallop  is  a  shell* 
fish,  like  an  oyster  or  large  cockle;  but 
t.wiUun  tells  us  what  ignorant  loologisti 
have  omitted  to  mention,  that  tl  e  bivalv 


SCALPING. 


874 


SCAPIN. 


is  "  engendered  solely  of  dew  and  air. 
It  has  no  blood  at  all ;  yet  no  food  that 
man  eats  turns  so  soon  into  life-blood  as 
the  scallop." — Display  of  Heraldry,  171. 

Scallop-shells  used  by  Pilgrims.  The 
reason  why  the  scallop-shell  is  used  by 
pilgrims  is  not  generally  known.  The 
legend  is  this :  When  the  marble  ship 
which  bore  the  headless  body  of  St. 
James  approached  Bouzas,  in  Portugal, 
it  happened  to  be  the  wedding  day  of 
the  chief  magnate  of  the  village  ;  and 
while  the  bridal  party  was  at  sport,  the 
borse  of  the  bridegroom  became  un- 
manageable, and  plunged  into  the  sea. 
The  ship  passed  over  the  horse  and  its 
rider,  and  pursued  its  onward  course, 
when,  to  the  amazement  of  all,  the  horse 
and  its  rider  emerged  from  the  water 
uninjured,  and  the  cloak  of  the  rider  was 
thickly  covered  with  scallop-shells. 
All  were  dumfounded,  and  knew  not 
what  to  make  of  these  marvels,  but  a 
voice  from  heaven  exclaimed,  "  It  is  the 
will  of  God  that  all  who  henceforth 
make  their  vows  to  St.  James,  and  go 
on  pilgrimage,  shall  take  with  them 
scallop-shells ;  and  all  who  do  so  shall 
be  remembered  in  the  day  of  judgment." 
On  hearing  this,  the  lord  of  the  village, 
with  the  bride  and  bridegroom,  were  duly 
baptized,  and  Bouzas  became  a  Christian 
Church.  —  Sanctoral  Portugues  (copied 
into  the  Breviaries  of  Alcobaca  and  St. 
Cucufate). 

Cunctis  mare  cernentibus, 
Sed  a  profundo  (lucltur  ; 
Natus  Kegis  submergitur. 
Tutus  plenus  conchilibus. 

Hymn  J  or  St.  Jamei'i  Day. 

In  sight  of  all  the  prince  went  down, 

Into  the  deep  sea  dells  ; 
In  sight  of  all  the  prince  emerged. 

Covered  with  scallop-shells. 

Scalj)ing(Eulcsfor).  The  Cheyennes, 
in  scalping,  remove  from  the  part  just  over 
the  left  ear,  a  piece  of  skin  not  larger  than 
a  silver  dollar.  The  Arrapahocs  take  a 
siniilar  piece  from  the  region  of  the  right 
car.  Others  take  the  entire  skin  from 
the  crown  of  the  head,  the  forehead,  or 
the  nape  of  the  neck.  The  Utes  take  the 
entire  scalp  from  ear  to  ear,  and  from 
the  forehead  to  the  nape  of  the  neck. 

Seambister  (Eric),  the  old  butler  of 
Magnus  Troil  the  udallerof  Zetland. — Sir 
VV.  Scott,  17,c  Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

***  A  udaller  is  one  who  holds  his  lands 
by  allodial  tenure. 

Scandal,  a  male  charactei  In  Lore  for 
Love,  by  Congrcve  (1695). 


Scandal  (School  for),  a  comedy  by 
Sheridan  (1777). 

Scanderbeg.  So  George  Castriota,  an 
Albanian  hero,  was  called.  Amurath  II. 
gave  him  the  command  of  5000  men,  and 
such  was  his  daring  and  success,  that  he 
was  called  Skander  (Alexander).  In  the 
battle  of  Morava  (1443),  he  deserted 
Amurath,  and,  joining  the  Albanians,  won 
several  battles  over  the  Turks.  At  the 
instigation  of  Pius  II.  he  headed  a  crusade 
against  them,  but  died  of  a  fever,  before 
Mahomet  II.  arrived  to  oppose  him  (1404- 
1467).  (Beg  or  Bey  is  the  Turkish  for 
"  prince.") 

Scanderbeg's  sucord  needs  Scanderbeg's 
arm.  Mahomet  II.  "the  Great"  re- 
quested to  see  the  scimitar  which  George 
Castriota  used  so  successfully  against  the 
Ottomans  in  1461.  Being  shown  it,  and 
wholly  unable  to  draw  it,  he  pronounced 
the  weapon  to  be  a  hoax,  but  received  for 
answer,  "  Scanderbeg's  sword  needs  Scan- 
derbeg's arm  to  wield  it." 

The  Greeks  had  a  similar  saying, 
M  None  but  Ulysses  can  draw  Ulysses's 
bow."  Robin  Hood's  bow  needed  Robin 
Hood's  arm  to  draw  it ;  and  hence  the  pro- 
verb, "  Many  talk  of  Robin  Hood  that 
never  shot  in  his  bow." 

Scandinavia,  Sweden  and  Norway, 
or  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Denmark. 

Scapegoat  (The),  a  farce  by  John 
Poole.  Ignatius  Polyglot,  a  learned  pun- 
dit, master  of  seventeen  languages,  is  the 
tutor  of  Charles  Eustace,  aged  24  years. 
Charles  has  been  clandestinely  married 
for  four  j'ears,  and  has  a  little  son,  named 
Frederick.  Circumstances  have  occurred 
which  render  the  concealment  of  this 
marriage  no  longer  decorous  or  possible, 
so  he  breaks  it  to  his  tutor,  and  conceals 
his  young  wife  for  the  nonce  in  Polyglot's 
private  room.  Here  she  is  detected  by 
the  housemaid,  Molly  Maggs,  who  tells 
her  master,  and  old  Eustace  says,  the  only 
reparation  a  man  can  make  in  such  cir- 
cumstances is  to  marry  the  girl  at  once. 
"  Just  so,"  says  the  tutor.  "  Your  son  is 
the  husband,  and  he  is  willing  at  once  to 
acknowledge  his  wife  and  infant  son." 

Scapin,  valet  of  Le'andre  son  of  seignior 
Ge'ronte.  (See  Foukberiks.) — Moliere, 
Les  Fourberies  de  Scapin  (1671). 

J'ai,  sans  doute  recu  du  ciel  un  genie  asses  beau  rour 
toutes  les  fabriques  de  ces  gentillesses  desprit.  de  ce« 
galanteries  ingt'uieuscs,  a  qui  le  vulgaire  ignorant  donnt* 
le  nom  de  fourberies;  et  je  puis  dire,  sans  vanite,  qu'on 
n'a  gu6re  vu  d'hommo  qui  tut  plus  habile  ouvrier  de 
ressorts  et  d'intrigues,  qui  ait  acquis  plus  do  gluirc  qu* 


8CAPIN0. 


875 


SCHACABAC. 


ami  dan*  ce  nohle  metier.— Mwlicre,  l*t  Fuurbtrict  de 
Hatpin.  I.  2  (lb71). 

(Otwaybaa  made  an  English  version  of 
this  play,  called  The  Cheats  of  8capin, 
in  which  Lean  d  re  is  Anglicized  into 
"  Leander,"  Geronte  is  called  "  Gripe,"  and 

his  friend  Argante    father  of   Zerbinette 
is  called  "Thrifty"  father  of  "  Lucia.") 

Scapi'no,  the  cunning,  knavish  ser- 
vant or  Gratiano  the  loquacious  and 
pedantic  Bolognese  doctor. — Italian  Mask. 

Scar'amouch,  a  braggart  and  fool, 
most  valiant  in  words,  butconstantly  being 
drubbed  by  Harlequin.  Scaramouch  is 
h  common  character  in  Italian  farce, 
originally  meant  in  ridicule  of  the  Spanish 
don,  and  therefore  dressed  in  Spanish 
costume.  Our  clown  is  an  imbecile  old 
idiot,  and  wholly  unlike  the  dashing  pol- 
troon of  Italian  pantomime.  The  best 
"  Scaramouches  "  that  ever  lived  were 
Tiberio  Fiurelli,  a  Neapolitan  (bora  1608), 
and  Gandini  (eighteenth  century). 

Scarborough   Warning    (A),   a 

warning  given  too  late  to  be  taken  advan- 
tage of.  Fuller  says  the  allusion  is  to  an 
«vent  which  occurred  in  lo.">7,  when 
Thomas  Stafford  seized  upon  Scarborough 
Castle,  before  the  townsmen  had  any 
notice  of  his  approach.  Hey  wood  says  a 
I' Scarborough  warning"  resembles  what 
is  now  called  Lynch  law:  punished  first, 
and  warned  afterwards.  Another  solution 
is  this  :  ]f  ships  passed  the  castle  without 
saluting  it  by  striking  sail,  it  was  custom- 
ary to  tire  into  them  a  shotted  gun,  by 
way  of  warning. 

•  i  iv  wlrtnm,  tad  never  for  much  .  .  . 
or  Bcarborow  warning,  as  ill  I  believe. 
When  i"  sir,  l  arraat  jre")  get!  hold  "f  thy  llano. 

T.  lunar,  Km  Hundred  Point!  of  aood 
fftu&cMidry,  i.  B(li! 

Scarlet  ( Will),  Scadlock,  or 
Scathelocke,  one  of  the  companions 
of  Robin  Hood. 

•■Take  ih>  food  bowa  In  tiiv  band*."  add  Rotqm. 

•■  i.t  at  i  he  arand  a 
And  toenail  WjUyam  Bcathctocke, 
Ami  mi  man  abyde  »  Ith  me." 

Rltfon,  ftoMn  Hood  BaBadt,  |.  i  (isao). 
Tie  tiuk.r  looklna  him  about, 

Robin  hit  hoi  n  did  blow  ; 
Then  eainc  onto  blm  Utile  John 

And  William  Sr.ullixk  ISO, 

Ditto,  li.  7(1CM). 
Ami  tbara  "f  him  they  made  a 
Good  yeoman  Robin  Hood, 

Bcarli-t  mid  Uttla  J 

And  LiiUe  John,  bey  ho! 

Ditto,  appendix  ?  |17:*>). 
In  the  two  dramas  called  The  First  and 
Beoond Parts  of  Robin  Hood,  by  Anthony 
Monday  and  Henry  ('bottle,  Scathlock  <«r 
Beadlock  is  called  the  brother  of  \\  ill 
Scarlet. 


.:  Wurman's  »|.iio  .  .  .  doth  hunt  the  Uvea 
Of  buunu:  Scurlel  and  hu  brother  ScaLMuek. 

Pt.  L  (1M7). 

Then  "  enter  Warman,  with  Scarlet  and 
Scathlock  bounds, "  but  Wurman  is  ba- 
nished, and  the  brothers  are  liberated  and 
pardoned. 

Scarlet  "Woman  ( TV*-),  popery  (Rev 
xvii.  4). 

And  fulminated 
Against  tho  scarlet  araman  and  her  creed. 

T»imj. 

Scathelocke  (2  s>/l.)  or  Scadlock, 
one  of   the  companions  of    Robin   Hood. 
Either  the   brother  of    Will    Scarlet   or 
another    spelling    of    the    name. 
SCABLBT.) 

Scavenger's  Daughter  (271*),  an 

instrument  of  torture,  invented  by  .-ir 
William  Skevington,  lieutenant  of"  the 
'lower  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  "Sca- 
venger" is  a  corruption  of  Skevington. 

I'd  kiss  the  scavenger's  daughter,  to 
suffer  punishment  by  this  instrument  of 
torture,  to  be  beheaded  by  a  guillotine  or 
some  similar  instrument. 

Scazon,  plu.  Scazon'tes  (3  syl.),  a 
lame  iambic  metre,  the  last  being  a 
spondee  or  trochee  instead  of  an  iambus 
(Greek,  skazo,  "  to  halt,  to  hobble  "),  as  : 

1.  Quicuinqm-  regno  Bdlt,  af  magna  i   • 

2.  O  Muu,  (raaanm  qu«e  volem)  tralij  cluuduiiL 

Or  in  English  : 

1.  A  little  onward  tend  thy  wilding  hand. 

2.  Ha  uuuaplclota  ted  him  ,  whan  Bamaon  .  .  . 

(1  is  the  usual  iambic  metre,  2  thi 
zontes.) 

Sceaf  [Sheef],  one  of  the  ancestors  oi 

Woden.  So  called  because  in  infanev  ho 
was  laid  on  a  vs  hc.nt  sheaf,  and    east  adrift 

in  a  In. at ;  the  boat  stranded  on  the  ahor«s 
of  Sleswig,  and  the  int. ant,  being  considered 

a  gift  from  the  gods,  was  brought  up 
for    a   future    km.-.  (an  Anglo- 

Saxon  epic,  sixth  century). 

Scepticism  (father  of  Modem). 
Pierre  Baj  le  |  L647-1706). 

Schacabac,  "  the  hare-lipped,"  a  man 
reduced  to  the  point  of  starvation,  invited 

to  a  feast  by  the  rich  Bai  Instead 

Of  victuals  and   drink,    the   rich   m 
before  his  gUCSl   empty  dishes  and   . 

.  pretending  to  enjoy  the  imagin- 
ary foods  and  dunks.  Schacabac  ' 
into  the  spirit  of  the  joke)  and  did  the 
same.  He  washed  in  imaginary  wat 
of  the  imaginary  delicacies,  and  ; 
the  imaginary  wines.  B  irn  ecide  '■ 
delighted  with  his  truest,  that  he  oi 


SCH  All  RI  AH. 


876 


SCIIEMSELNIIIAR. 


in  a  substantial  meal,  of  which  he  made 
Schacabac  a  most  welcome  partaker. 
— Arabian  Nights  ("The  Barber's  Sixth 
Brother").     (See  Shaccabac.) 

Schah'riah,  sultan  of  Persia.  His 
wife  being  unfaithful,  and  his  brother's 
wife  too,  Schahriah  imagined  that  no 
woman  was  virtuous.  He  resolved,  there- 
fore, to  marry  a  fresh  wife  every  night, 
and  to  have  her  strangled  at  daybreak. 
,  Scheherazade,  the  vizier's  daughter,  mar- 
ried him  notwithstanding,  and  contrived, 
an  hour  before  daybreak,  to  begin  a  story 
to  her  sister  in  the  sultan's  hearing,  always 
breaking  off  before  the  story  was  finished. 
The  sultan  got  interested  in  these  tales  ; 
and,  after  a  thousand  and  one  nights,  re- 
voked his  decree,  and  found  in  Schehera- 
zade a  faithful,  intelligent,  and  loving 
wife. — Arabian  Nujhts'  Entertainments. 

Schah'zaman,  sultan  of  the  "Island 
of  the  Children  of  Khal'edan,"  situate  in 
the  open  sea,  some  twenty  days'  sail  from 
the  coast  of  Persia.  This  sultan  had  a  son, 
an  only  child,  named  Camaral'zaman,  the 
mostbeautii'ul  of  mortals.  Camaralzaman 
married  Badoura  the  most  beautiful  of 
women,  the  only  daughter  of  Gaiour 
(J  8yl.)  emperor  of  China. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Camaralzaman  and  Badoura"). 

Schaibar  (2  ay/.),  brother  of  the  fairy 
Pari-15anou.  He  was  only  eighteen 
inches  in  height,  and  had  a  huge  hump 
both  before  and  behind.  His  beard, 
though  thirty  feet  long,  never  touched  the 
ground,  but  projected  forwards.  His 
moustaches  went  back  to  his  ears,  and 
his  little  pig's  eyes  were  buried  in  his 
enormous  head.  He  wore  a  conical  hat, 
and  carried  for  quarter-staff  an  iron  bar 
of  500  lbs.  weight  at  least. — Arabian 
Mights  ("Ahmed  and  Pari-Banou"). 

Schamir  {The),  that  instrument  or 
agent  with  which  Solomon  wrought  the 
Stones  of  the  Temple,  being  forbidden  to 
use  any  metal  instrument  for  the  purpose. 
Some  say  the  Schamir'  was  a  worm  ;  some 
that  it  was  a  stone  ;  some  that  it  was  "a 
creature  no  bigger  than  a  barleycorn, 
which  nothing  could  resist." 

Scheherazade  [Sha.ha'.ra.zah'.de], 
the  hypothetical  relater  of  the  stories  in 
the  Arabian  Nights.  She  was  the  elder 
daughter  of  the  vizier  of  Persia.  The 
sultan  Schahriah,  exasperated  at  the 
infidelity  cf  his  wife,  came  to  the  hasty 
conclusion  that  no  woman  could  be  faith- 
ful ;  so  he  determined  to  marry  a  new  wife 
every  night,  and  strangle  her  at  daybreak. 


Scheherazade,  wishing  to  free  Persia  of 
this  disgrace,  requested  to  be  made  the 
sultan's  wife,  and  succeeded  in  her  wish. 
She  was  young  and  beautiful,  of  great 
courage  and  ready  wit,  well  read,  had  an 
excellent  memory,  knew  hjstory,  philo- 
sophy, and  medicine,  was  besides  a  good 
poet,  musician,  and  dancer.  Schehera- 
zade obtained  permission  of  the  sultan 
for  her  younger  sister,  Dinarzade,  to  sleep 
in  the  same  chamber,  and  instructed  her 
to  say,  one  hour  before  daybreak,  "  Sister, 
relate  to  me  one  of  those  delightful  stories 
which  you  know,  as  this  will  be  the  last 
time»"  Scheherazade  then  told  the  sultan 
(under  pretence  of  speaking  to  her  sister) 
a  story,  but  always  contrived  to  break 
off  before  the  story  was  finished.  The 
sultan,  in  order  to  hear  the  end  of  the 
story,  spared  her  life  till  the  next  night. 
This  went  on  for  a  thousand  and  one 
nights,  when  the  sultan's  resentment  was 
worn  out,  and  his  admiration  of  his  sul- 
tana was  so  great  that  he  revoked  his 
decree. — Arabian  Nights'  Entertainments. 
(See  Mokadhak.) 

Roused  like  the  sultnim  Schehernzadl,  and  forced  into  » 
story. — C.  Dickens,  David  Co/jjjerftcld  (l:Hy). 

Schemseddin  Mohammed,  elder 
son  of  the  vizier  of  Egypt,  and  brother  of 
Noureddin  Ali.  He  quarrelled  with  his 
brother  on  the  subject  of  their  two  child- 
ren's hypothetical  marriage ;  but  the 
brothers  were  not  yet  married,  and  children 
"  were  only  in  supposition."  Noureddin 
Ali  quitted  Cairo,  and  travelled  to  Basora, 
where  he  married  the  vizier's  daughter, 
and  on  the  very  same  day  Schemseddin 
married  the  daughter  of  one  of  the  chief 
grandees  of  Cairo.  On  one  ami  the  Ban.* 
day  a  daughter  was  born  to  Schemseddin 
and  a  son  to  his  brother  Noureddin  Ali. 
When  Seheniseddin's  daughter  was  20 
years  old,  the  sultan  asked  her  in  marriage, 
but  the  vizier  told  hmishewas  betrothed 
to  his  brother's  son,  Bed'reddin  Ali.  At 
this  reply,  the  sultan,  in  anger,  swore 
she  should  be  given  in  marriage  to  th«t 
"ugliest  of  his  slaves,"  and  accordingly 
betrothed  her  to  Hunchback  agroom,  both 
ugly  and  deformed.  By  a  fairy  trick, 
Bedreddin  Ali  was  substituted  for  the 
groom,  but  at  daybreak  was  conveyed  to 
Damascus.  Here  he  turned  pastry-cook, 
and  was  discovered  by  his  mother  by 
his  cheese-cakes.  Being  restored  to  his 
country  and  his  wife,  he  ended  his  life 
happily. — Arabian  Nights  ("Noureddin 
Ali,"  etc.).    (See  Chkese-Cak.es,  p.  180.) 

Schemsel'nihar,  the  favour'te  sul- 
tana   of    Ilarouu-al-Kaschid    caliph     o/ 


SCHLEMIIIL. 

Ba-'dad.  She  fell  in  love  with  About- 
hassan  Ali  ebn  Becar  prince  of  Persia. 
From  the  first  moment  of  their  meeting, 
th.'v  began  to  pine  for  each  other,  ami 
fell'  sick?  Though  miles  apart,  they  died 
at  the  same  hour,  and  were  both  buried 
in  one  grave.— A  rabutn  Niahts  ("  Aboul- 
hassan  and  Schemselnihar"). 

Schlemihl  (Peter),  the  hero  of  a 
popular  German  legend.  Peter  sells  his 
shadow  to  an  "  old  man  in  grey,  who 
meets  him  while  fretting  under  a  dis- 
appointment. The  name  is  a  household 
term  for  one  who  makes  a  desperate  arid 
silly  bargain.— Chamisso,  Peter  bchle- 
mihl  (1813). 

Scholastic  {The),  Epipha'nius,  an 
Italian  scholar  (sixth  century). 

Scholastic  Doctor  {The),  Anselm 
of  Laon  (1050-1117). 

Scholey  {Lawrence),  servant  at 
Burgh-Westra.  His  master  is  Magnus 
Troil  the  lulaller  of  Zetland.— Sir  V\ . 
Scott,  The  Pirate  (time,  William  111.). 

%*  Udaller,  one  who  holds  land  by 
allodial  tenure. 

Schonfelt,  lieutenant  of  sir  Archibald 
von  Ilagenbach  a  German  noble.— Sir  \\  . 
Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstcin  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

School  of  Husbands  (LYcole  des 
Maris,  "wives  trained  by  men"),  acomedy 
by  Moliere  (1661).  Ariste  and  Sgana- 
rclle,  two  brothers,  bring  up  Lc'onor  and 
Iaabelle,  two  orphan  sisters,  according  to 
their  systems  for  making  them  in  tune 
their  model  wives.  Sganarelle's  system 
was  to  make  the  woman  dress  plainly, 
live  retired,  attend  to  domestic  duties, 
and  have  few  indulgences.  Ariste  s 
svstem  was  to  give  the  woman  great 
iibertv,  and  trust  to  her  honour.  1  sal. rile, 
brought  up  by  Sganarella,  deceived  him 
and  marriedanother;  but  Lc'onor,  brought 
up  by  Ariste,  made  him  a  fond  and  faith- 
ful wife. 

Sganarelle's  plan  : 

J'entend  que  la  mienne  rive  ft  ma  fant.islo- 
Que  dune  serxe  honnete  alk  :ii!  son  vcuiiient, 
Kt  no  porta,  le  nob  qu"  am  bona  Jours  seulemeni ; 

Qu'enfermeeaulogU,  en  per i«  Men  sane, 

Ello  I'applWiu  toute  aui  cuoaei  da  m  nage, 
A  rceoudro  mon  Unge  au«  neural  •  !>•  loWtf, 
On  hlen  a  trleoter  quelquea  baa  par  platan  ; 
ou  ftiu  djacoun  <les  rougueU  aUe  tonne  i  ordlle. 
El  no  sorte  jamais  Kins  avoir  c|ui  la  veille. 

Arista's  plan : 

Lour  sex*  aimo  a  Joolr  il'im  pep  .le  llbertt  i 
en  le  rwienl  lort  mal  par  tant  .1  austtrltt; 
Ki  i«  aoltai  defianti  lee«erroui  ei  l«  wfc, 

He  font  pas  la  HBrtU  dcs  lemuiua  nl  dus  l»U«. 


SCIO. 


(-•■  t  riionnciir  qld  les  doit  teidr  dans  le  devoir, 
Hon  la  Miente  .me  now  leur  blaoni  Tolr  .  .  . 
je  trouve  o,ue  le  cuair  e»t  ce  qu'il  laut  gagneT. 

Act  1.  3. 

School  for  Wives  {LYcole  des 
Femmes,  "  training  for  wives"),  acomedy 
by    Moliere    (1662).      Axnolphe    has    a 

crotchet  about  the  proper  training  of  girls 
to  make  good  wives,  and  tries  his  scheme 
upon  Agnes,  whom  he  adopt*,  from  a 
peasant's  cottage,  and  designs  in  due  time 
to  make  his  wife.  He  sends  her  from  early 
childhood  to  a  convent,  where  difference 
of  sex  and  the  conventions  of  society  are 
wholly  ignored.  When  removed  from 
the  convent,  she  treats  men  as  if  they 
were  schoolgirls,  kisses  them,  plays  with 
them,  and  treats  them  with  girlish 
familiarity.  The  consequence  is,  a  young 
man  named  Horace  falls  in  love  with 
her,  and  makes  her  his  wife,  but  Arnolphe 
loses  his  pains. 

Cuacun  a  sa  mcthode 
En  femme,  conime  en  tout,  je  veux  suivre  ma  mode  .  .  . 
Un  air  doux  et  pose,  paiml  d'antna  euiants, 
H'inaplra  da  ramonr  pour  alk  dei  mi.areaua; 
&i  mere  se  tronvant  de  panvrete  presee. 
De  la  lui  demander  il  me  rrnl  en  pi  mate) 
Kt  la  bonne  naiaanna,  apprenant  mon  desire, 
A  s'ftter  cette  charge  eut  beaucoup  de  puuor. 
Dans  un  petit  convent,  loin  de  toute  pratique, 
Je  la  lis  clever  selou  ma  politique. 

Act  1.  1- 

Schoolmen.  (For  a  list  of  the 
schoolmen  of  each  of  the  three  periods, 
see  Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  794.) 

Schoolmistress  {The),  a  poem  in 
Spenserian  metre,  by  Shenstone  (1758). 
The  "  schoolmistress"  was  Sarah  Lloyd, 
who  taught  the  poet  himself  in  infancy  . 
She  lived  in  a  thatched  cottage,  before 
which  grew  a  birch  tree,  to  which  allusion 
is  made  in  the  poem. 

Time  dwells,  In  l"«lv  shed,  and  mean  attire. 

A  matron  old,  whom' we  schoolmistress  name  .  .  . 

And  iill  In  light  dotli  rise  a  birchen  tree. 

Stanzas  -.  > 

Schreckenwald  {Ttal),  Bteward  m 
count  Albert.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  uf 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Schwanker  {Jonas),  jester  of  Leo- 
pold archduke  of  Austria.— Sir  \\  . 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  !.)• 

Scian  Muse  (77(c),  Simon'ides,  born 
at  Scia  or  Cea,  now  Zia,  one  of  Urn 
Cyclades. 

The  Solan  and  UM  TbBM  Mine  \A  tvirroon)  .  .  . 
Han  bond  the  Came  rom  ahorearefma.     _ 
Byron,  />>»•  -""'".  Ill  f  Tl,e  bu«  of  Greece,    1BW* 

Science  (  /'''C/'rmivoO/l'ehuhe.  "The 
Aristotle  of  China"  (died  a.d.  P200). 

Scio  (now  called  Chios),  one  of  the 
sovimi  cities  which  claimed  to  be  the 
|    birthplace    of    Homer.        Hence    he    il 


SCIOLTO. 


SCOGAN'S  JEST. 


•ometimes  called  "  Scio's  Blind  Old 
Bard."  The  seven  cities  referred  to 
make  an  hexameter  verse : 

Smyrna, Chioe.Colopbon, Salaniis,  lthodos.Argos,  Athenee;or 
Finyrua.Chios.Colophon, Ithaca.  Pylos,     Argos.Athenae. 
Antipater  Sidonius,  A  Greek  Epigram. 

Seiol'to  (3  syl.),  a  proud  Genoese 
nobleman,  the  father  of  Calista.  Calista 
was  the  bride  of  Altamont,  a  young  man 
proud  and  fond  of  her,  but  it  was  dis- 
covered on  the  wedding  day  that  she 
had  been  seduced  by  Lothario.  This 
led  to  a  series  of  calamities  :  (1)  Lothario 
was  killed  in  a  duel  by  Altamont ;  (2) 
a  street  riot  was  created,  in  which  Sciolto 
received  his  death-wound ;  and  (3)  Ca- 
lista stabbed  herself. — N.  Rowe,  The  Fair 
Fenitent  (1703). 

(In  Italian,  Sciolto  forms  but  two 
syllables,  but  Kowe  has  made  it  three  in 
every  case.) 

Seipio  "  dismissed  the  Iberian  maid" 
(Milton,  Paradise  Regained,  ii.).  The  poet 
refers  to  the  tale  of  Scipio's  restoring  a 
captive  princess  to  her  lover  Allucius,  and 
giving  to  her,  as  a  wedding  present,  the 
monev  of  her  ransom.  (See  Continence, 
pp.  209,  210.) 

During  his  command  In  Spain,  a  circumstance  occurred 
which  contributed  more  to  his  fame  and  glory  than  all 
his  military  exploits.  At  the  taking  of  New  Cartilage,  a 
lady  of  extraordinary  beauty  was  brought  to  Scjpio,  who 
found  himself  greatly  affected  by  her  charms.  Under- 
standing, however,  that  she  way  betrothed  to  a  Celti- 
berian  prince  named  Allucius,  he  resolved  U>  conquer  his 
rising  passion,  and  sent  her  to  her  lover  without  recom- 
pense. A  silver  shield,  on  which  this  interesting  event 
Is  depicted,  was  found  in  the  river  Rhone  by  some  fisher- 
men in  the  seventeenth  century. — Goldsmith,  History  of 
Home,  xiv.  3.  (Whutaker's  improved  edition  contains  » 
lac-simile  of  the  shield  on  p.  215.) 

Seipio,  son  of  the  gipsy  woman  Cos- 
colina  and  the  soldier  Torribio  Seipio. 
Seipio  becomes  the  secretary  of  Gil  Bias, 
and  settles  down  with  him  at  "the  castle 
of  Lirias."  His  character  and  adventures 
are  very  similar  to  those  of  Gil  Bias  him- 
self, but  he  never  rises  to  the  same  level. 
Seipio   begins    by    being   a   rogue,    who 

Eilfered  and  plundered  all  who  employed 
im,  but  in  the  service  of  Gil  Bias  he 
was  a  model  of  fidelity  and  integrity. — 
Lesage,  Gil  Bias  (1715). 

Sciro'nian  Rocks,  between  Meg'ara 
and  Corinth.  So  called  because  the 
bones  of  Sciron,  the  robber  of  Attica, 
were  changed  into  these  rocks,  when 
Theseus  (2  syl.)  hurled  him  from  a  cliff 
into  the  sea.  It  was  from  these  rocks 
that  Ino  cast  herself  into  the  Corinthian 
bay. — Greek  Fable. 

Sciram.  The  men  of  Scirum  used 
to  shoot  against  the  stars. 


Like  .  .  .  men  of  wit  bereaven, 
Which  howle  and  shoote  against  the  lights  of  heaven. 
Wro.  Browne,  Britannia't  Paitoralt,  iv.  (1613). 

Scobellum,  a  very  fruitful  land,  the 
inhabitants  of  which  were  changed  into 
beasts  by  the  vengeance  of  the  god9. 
The  drunkards  were  turned  into  swine, 
the  lechers  into  goats,  the  proud  into 
peacocks,  shrews  into  magpies,  gamblers 
into  asses,  musicians  into  song-birds,  the 
envious  into  dogs,  idle  women  into  milch 
cows,  jesters  into  monkeys,  dancers  into 
squirrels,  and  misers  into  moles. 

They  exceeded  cannibals  In  cruelty,  the  Persians  !n 
pride,  the  Egyptians  in  luxury,  the  Cretans  in  lying,  the 
Germans  in  drunkenness,  and  all  in  wickedness. — J. 
Ridley  [R.  Johnson^  Th4  Seven  Champion*  of  Christen- 
dom, iii.  10  (1617). 

Scogan  (Henry),  M.A.,  a  poet,  con- 
temporary with  Chaucer.  He  lived  in 
the  reigns  of  Richard  II.,  Henry  IV., 
and  probably  Henry  V.  Among  the 
gentry  who  had  letters  of  protection  to 
attend  Richard  II.  in  his  expedition  into 
Ireland,  in  1399,  is  "  Henricus  Scogan. 
Armiger."  —  Tyrwhitt's  Chaucer,  v.  it 
(1773). 

Scogan  f    What  was  he  T 
Oh,  a  fine  gentleman  and  a  master  of  arts 
Of  Henry  the  Fourth's  time,  that  made  disguises 
For  the  king's  sons,  and  writ  in  ballad  royal 
Daintily  well. 

Ben  Jonson,  77k!  fortunate  Itlei  (1626). 

Scogan  (John),  the  favourite  jester 
and  buffoon  of  Edward  IV.  "  Scogan's 
jests"  were  published  by  Andrew  Borde, 
a  physician  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  same  sir  John  [Falstajf],  the  very  same.  1  saw 
him  hre:ik  Skogan's  head  at  the  court-gate,  when  he  was 
a  crack  not  thus  high. — Shakespeare,  2  Henry  IV.  act  iii. 
sc  2. 

%*  Shakespeare  has  confounded  Henry 
Scogan,  M.A.,  the  poet,  who  lived  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  IV.,  with  John  Scogan 
the  jester,  who  lived  about  a  century 
later,  in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  ;  and,  of 
course,  sir  John  Falstaff  could  not  have 
known  him  when  "he  was  a  mere  crack  " 

Scogan's  Jest.  Scogan  and  some 
companions,  being  in  lack  of  money, 
agreed  to  the  following  trick : — A  peasant, 
driving  sheep,  was  accosted  by  one  of  the 
accomplices,  who  laid  a  wager  that  his 
sheep  were  hogs,  and  agreed  to  abide  by 
the  decision  of  the  first  person  they  met. 
This,  of  course,  was  Scogan,  who  instantly 
gave  judgment  against  the  herdsman. 

A  similar  joke  is  related  in  the  Hitopa- 
desa,  an  abridged  version  of  Pilpar'i 
Fables.  In  this  case,  the  "peasant"  is 
represented  by  a  Brahmin  carrying  a 
goat,  and  the  joke  was  to  persuade  the 
Brahmin  that  lie  was  carrying  a  dog. 
"IJowis  this, friend, "says  one,  "that  von. 


SCONE. 


879 


SCOTLAND  A  FIEF,  ETC. 


a  Brahmin,  carry  on  your  hack  such  an 
unci.  .111  animal  as  B  (U<^  ?  "      "It  is  not  a 

.\  s  the  Brahmin,  "  l>ut  a  goat;" 
anil  trudged  on.    Presently  another  made 

I  ne  remark,  and  the  Brahmin,  be- 

ginning to  doubt,  took  down  the  goal  to 
look  at  it.    Convinced  that  the  creature 

was  really  a  gnat,  he  went  on,  when 
presently  a  third  made  the  lame  re- 
mark. The  Brahmin,  now  fully  persuaded 
that  his  eyes  were  befooling  him,  threw 
down  the  goat  and  went  away  without  it ; 
whereupon  the  three  companions  took 
possession  of  it  and  cooked  it. 

In  7'////  Eulenspiegel  we  have  a  similar 
hoax.  Eulenspiegel  sees  a  man  with  a 
piece  of  green  cloth,  which  lie  resolves 
to  obtain.  lie  employs  two  confederates, 
joth  priests.     Says  Eulenspiegel  to  the 

man.    "  What  a    famous     pie >f    blue 

cloth!  Where  did  you  get  it?"  "  Blue, 
you  fool!  why.  it  is  green."  After  a  short 
contention,  a  bet  is  made,  and  the  ques- 
tion in  dispute  is  referred  to  the  lir.-a 
comer.  This  was  a  confederate,  and  he 
at  once  decided  that  the  cloth  was  blue. 
"You  are  both  in  the  same  boat,"  say s 
the  man,  "  which  1  will  prove  by  the  priest 
yonder."  The  question  being  put  to  the 
priest,  is  decided  against  the  man,  and  the 

three  rogues  divide  the  cloth  amongst 
them. 

Another  version  is  in  novel  8  of  For- 
tini.  The  joke  was  that  certain  kids 
lie  had  for  sale  were  capons. — See  Dun- 
lop,  History  of  Fiction,  viii.  art.  "  Scr 
Giovanni." 

Scone  [Stoon],  a  palladium  stone.  It 
was  erected  in  Icolmkil  for  the  coronation 
of  Fergus  Eric,  and  was  called  the  Lia- 
fail  of  Ireland.  Fergus  the  son  of  Fergus 
Eric,  who  led  the  Dalriads  to  Argyllshire, 

removed  it  to  Scone  j  and  Edward  I. 
took  it  to  London.  It,  still  remains  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  where  it  forms  the 
support  ol  Edward  the  Confessor's  chair, 

which  forms  the  coronation  chair  of  the 
Urilish  inonarchs. 

Nl  fill  it  f .ituiil.  BoOtL  quocunquc  ImtlUBI 

Invtnknl  l.ii'i.kni.  ragiian  Iwiantar  Ibidem. 
Uudnar.  iiiitury  o/  Beotland,  L  Si 

Where'er  tliis  .tour  li  plaead,  I 

The  ScuttUli  race  dull  UMn  the  Wfan  i/i.»  !«• 

%*  Of  course,  the  "Scottish  race"  is 

the    dynasty    of     the    Stuarts    and     tin  ir 

successors. 

Scotch  Guards,  in  the  sen 
the  French  kings,  wire  called  his  garde  du 

OOriM.  The  origin  of  the  guard  was  this  : 
When  St.  Louis  entered  upon  his  tirst 
crusade.be   \wis  twice  MTW    from 


by  the.  valonr  Of  a  small  band  of  Scotefe 
auxiliaries  under  the  commands  of   tne 

earls     of     March     and     Dunbar,      M 

Stewart,   and    sir    David    Lindsay.      In 

gratitude  tlere..!",  it  w.n  resolved  tliat 
"a  standing  guard  of  9 

mended  by  the  kin;,'  of  Scotland,  should 
evermore  form  the  body-guard  of  the 
king  of  France."    Tins  decree  remained 

in  force  for  live  centuries. — Grant,  Tf* 
Scottish  Cavalier,  xx. 

Sco'tia,  Scotland  ;  sometimes  ' 

"Scotia   .Minor."    The   Venerable   Bt 
tells  us  that  Scotland  was  called   I 
(Ionia  till  A.t>.  258,  when  it  was  invaded 
by  a  tribe   from    Ireland,   and   its    nam* 
changed  to  Scotia. 

Scotia  Magna  or  Major,  Ireland. 

Scotland.     So  called,  accord 
legend,  from  Scota,  daughter  of  Pharaoh. 

What   gives   this  legend  especial   . 

is,  that  when  Edward  I.  laid  claim  to  the 

country  as  a  fief  of  England,  he  pleaded 

thai   Brute  the  British  king,  in  tu< 

of   Eli   and   Samuel,   had   conquered    it. 

The    Scotch,   in   their  defence,    pleaded 

their  independence  in  virtu. 

from  Scota,  daughter  of  Pharaoh.    This 

is  not  fable,  but  sober  history. — Bymer, 

Feed  ra,  I.  ii.  (171 

Scotland  Yard  (London).  So  called 
from  a   palace  which    itood    there   I 

reception  of  the  king  of  Scotland  when 

lie  came   to    Lngland  to  pay   hon 
his  over-lord  the  king  of  England. 

Scotland  a  Fief  of  England. 
When  Edward  I.  laid  claim  to  Scol  land  as 
a  fief  of  the  English  crown,  his  great  plea 

was  that  i1,  was  awarded  to  Adelstan  by 
direct  miracle,  and,  therefore,  could  never 

be  alienated.  His  advocates  seriously 
read  I  rom    The  Life  and  2 

this  extract :    Adelstan 

went  to  drive  Lack  the  Scotch,  who  had 

i  the  border,  and,  on  reaching  the 

Tyne,  St.  John  of  Beverley  appear., I  to 

him,  and  bade  him  cross  the  river  at 
daybreak.     Adelstan  obeyed,  and  reduced 

the  «hole  kingdom  to  submission.     <  »n 
reaching   1 'miliar,    in   the    return    march, 
Adelstan   prayed  thai  some  sign  might 
.  sn,  to  testifj  to  a  that  God 

had    delivered    the    kingdom    into    his 
hands.     Whereupon  be  was  commanded 
,■  the  basaltic  r..ck  with  his  sword. 

This  did  he,  and  the   blade  sank    into  the 
is  il    it  had  been  butter,"   cleaving 

it  asunder  for  "  an  ell  or  more."  As  the 
cleft  remain-,  to  the  pre-.  :,;  hour,  En  U  su- 


SCOTLAND'S  SCOURGE. 


880 


SCOURGE  OF  PRINCES. 


mony  of  this  miracle,  why,  of  course,  cela 
va  sans  dire. — Rjmer,  Fcedera,  I.  ii.  771 
(1703). 

Scotland's  Scourge,  Edward  I. 
His  son,  Edward  II.,  buried  him  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  where  his  tomb  is 
still  to  be  seen,  with  the  following  inscrip- 
tion : — 

Edwardus  Lnngus,  Scotonim  Malleus  hie  est. 
(Our  Longshauks,  "Scotland I  Scourge,"  lies  here). 
Drayton.  Polyolbion.  xvil.  (1613). 
80  Longsliauki,  Scotland's  Scourge,  the  land  laid  waste. 
Ditto,  xxix.  U<J*>). 

Scots  (scuite,  "  a  wanderer,  a  ro- 
ver "),  the  inhabitants  of  the  western 
coast  of  Scotland.  As  this  part  is  very 
hilly  and  barren,  it  is  unfit  for  tillage  ; 
and  the  inhabitants  used  to  live  a  roving 
lite  on  the  produce  of  the  chase,  their 
oh  itf  employment  being  the  rearing  of 
cattle. 

The  Caledonians  became  divided  Into  two  distinct 
nations  .  .  .  those  on  the  western  coast  which  was  hilly 
and  barren,  and  those  towards  the  cast  where  the  land 
ia  (It  for  tillage.  ...  As  Uie  employment  of  the  former 
did  not  fix  them  to  one  T.l.-irc,  ttwy ranOWd  fr  in  one 
heath  to  another,  as  suited  I4.1t  with  their  convenience 
or  Inclination,  and  were  called  hy  their  neighbours  Senile 
or  tlce  "  wandering  nation.  "—Uiucrtaiion  on  the  Poem* 
0/  Ouian. 

Scots  (The  Royal).  The  hundred  cuir- 
assiers, called  homines  des  armes,  which 
formed  the  body-guard  of  the  French 
king,  were  sent  to  Scotland  in  1033  by 
Louis  XIII.,  to  attend  the  coronation  of 
Charles  I.  at  Edinburgh.  On  the  out- 
break of  the  civil  war,  eiy;ht  years  after- 
wards, these  cuirassiers  loyally  adhered 
to  the  crown,  and  received  the  title  of 
"  The  Royal  Scots."  At  the  downfall  of 
the  king,  the  homines  des  urines  returned 
to  France. 

Scott  (Tlie  Southern).  Ariosto  is  so 
called  by  lord  Byron. 

First  rose 
The  Tuscan  father's  "comedy  divine  "  [Danti]; 
Then,  not  unequal  to  the  Florentine, 
The  .southern  Scott,  the  minstrel  who  called  forth 
A  new  creation  witli  his  DIAgfc  line. 
And,  like  the  Ariosto  of  Uie  North  \tir  W.  Scott], 
Sang  htdye-love  and  war,  romance  ami  kniglnl)  worth. 
Byron,  CktUt  Barold,  iv.  40  (1S17). 

%*  Dante  was  born  at  Florence. 

Scott  of  Belgium  (The  Walter), 
Ilendrick  Conscience  (1812-         ). 

Scottish  Anacreon  (The),  Alex- 
ander Scot  is  so  called  by  Pinkerton. 

Scottish  Boanerges  {The),  Robert 
arid  James  Haldane  (nineteenth  century), 
Robert  died  1*12,  aged  79,  and  James 
1801. 

Scottish  Hogarth  (Tlie),  David 
Allan  (1741-1790). 


Scottish  Honier  (The),  William 
Wilkie,  author  of  an  epic  poem  in  rhyme 
entitled  The  Epujoniad  (1753). 

Scottish  Solomon  (The),  James 
VI.  of  Scotland,  subsequently  called 
James  I.  of  England  (150G,  1003-1025). 

%*  The  French  king  called  him  far 
more  aptly,  "The  Wisest  Fool  in  Christen- 
dom." 

Scottish  Teniers  ( The),  sir  David 
Wilkie  (1785-1841). 

Scottish  Theoc'ritos  (The),  Allan 
Ramsay  (1085-1758). 

Scotus.  There  were  two  schoolmen 
of  this  name:  (1)  John  Scotus  Erifini,  a 
native  of  Ireland,  who  died  f  6,  in  the 
reign  of  king  Alfred  ;  (2)  John  Duns 
Scotus,  a  Scotchman,  who  died  1308. 
Longfellow  confounds  these  two  in  his 
Golden  Lejend  when  he  attributes  the 
Latin  version  of  St.  Dioni/sius  tlie  Areo- 
jxijite  to  the  latter  schoolman. 

Ami  done  into  Latin  by  that  Scottish  beast, 
ErUjeua  Johannes. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1351). 

Scourers,  a  class  of  dissolute  young 
men,  often  of  the  better  class,  who  in- 
fested the  streets  of  London  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  and  thought  it  capital 
fun  to  break  windows,  upset  sedan-chairs, 
beat  quiet  citizens,  and  molest  young 
women.  These  young  blades  called 
themselves  at  different  times,  Minis, 
Hectors,  Scourers,  Nickers,  Hawcabites, 
and  Mohawks  or  Mohocks. 

Scourge    of    Christians    (The), 

Noureddin-Mahmud  of  Damascus  (1110- 
1174). 

Scourge  of  God  (Tlie),  Attila  king 
of  the  Huns,  called  FUujcllum  Dei  (died 
A.i).  453).  (jenseric  king  of  the  Vandals, 
called   Yirja  Dei  (*,  reigned  429-477). 

Scourge  of  Princes  (The),  Pietro 
Aretino  of  Arezzo,  a  merciless  satirist  of 
kin^s  and  princes,  but  very  obscene  and 
licentious.  He  called  himself  "  Aretino 
the  Divine"  (1492-1557). 

Thus  Arctin  of  late  got  reputation 
By  scourging  kings,  as  Lucian  did  of  old 
l.v  Mornlnj  . 
Lord  Brooke,  fWftaMMM  u/  on  fame  (15M-16S8). 

Suidas  called  Lucian  "  The  Plas- 
phemer ; "  and  he  added  that  he  was 
torn  to  pieces  by  dogs  for  his  impiety 
Some  of  his  works  attack  the  heathen 
philosophy  and  religion.  His  Jupiter 
Convicted  shows  Jupiter  to  be  powerless, 
and  Jupiter  the  Tragedian  shows  Jupitei 


SCOURGE  OF  SCOTLAND. 


881 


SCKOGGEN. 


and  the  other  gods  to  be  mvths   (120- 
200). 

Scourge  of  Scotland,  Edward  I. 
Scotonim  Malleus  (1230,  1272-1307). 

Scraoe-All,  a  soapy,  psalm-singing 
hypocrite,  who  combines  with  Cheatly  to 
supply  young  heirs  with  cash  at  most 
exorbitant  usurv.  (See  Chkatly.) — 
Shadwell,  Squire  of  Alsatia  (1688). 

Scrape  on,  Gentlemen.  Hadrian 
went  once  to  the  public  baths,  and,  seeing 
an  old  soldier  scraping  himself  with  a 
potsherd  for  want  of  a  flesh-brush,  sent 
him  a  sum  of  money.  Next  day,  the 
bath  was  crowded  with  potsherd  scrapers  ; 
but  the  emperor  said  when  he  saw  them, 
"  Scrape  on,  gentlemen,  but  you  will  not 
Bcrape  an  acquaintance  with  me." 

Scribble,  an  attorney's  clerk,  who 
tries  to  get  married  to  Polly  Honcy- 
combe,  a  silly,  novel-struck  girl,  but  well 
olV.  He  is  happily  foiled  in  his  scheme, 
and  Polly  is  saved  from  the  consequences 
of  a  most  unsuitable  match.- — G.  Colman 
the  elder,  Fully  Honeycomhe  (17(i0). 

Scrible'rus  (Cornelius),  father  of 
Martinus.  He  was  noted  for  his  pe- 
dantry, and  his  odd  whims  about  the 
•ducation  of  his  son. 

Martinus  Scriblerus,  a  man  of  capacity, 
who  had  read  everything  ;  but  his  judg- 
ment 'was  worthless,  and  his  taste  per- 
verted.— (?)  Arbuthnot,  Memoirs  of  the 
Extraordinary  Life,  Works,  and  Dis- 
coveries of  Martinus  Scriblerus. 

%*  These  "memoirs"  were  intended 
to  be  the  first  instalment  of  a  general 
satire  on  the  false  taste  in  literature 
prevalent  in  the  time  of  Pope.  The  only 
parts  of  any  moment  that  were  written 
of  this  intended  series  were  Pope's  Trea- 
tise of  the  Bathos  or  Art  of  Sinking  in 
Poetry,  and  his  Memoirs  of  I'.  P.,  Clerk 
of  this  Parish  (1727),  in  ridicule  of  Dr. 
Burnet's  History  of  J/is  Own  1'ime.  The 
Dunciad  is,  however,  preceded  by  :i  Pro- 
legotnena,  ascribed  to  Martinus  Scriblerus, 
and  contains  his  notes  and  illustrations  on 
the  poem,  thus  connecting  this  merciless 
satire  with  the  original  design. 

Scriever  (Jock),  the  apprentice  of 
Duncan  Macwhceble  (bailie  at  Tully 
Veolan  to  Mr.  Cosmo  Comyne  Brad- 
wardine  bar  n  of  Brad  ward  inc  and  Tully 
Vcolan). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Scriptores  Decern,  a  collection  of 
ten  ancient  chronicles  on  English  history, 


in  one  vol.  folio,  London,  ir>,r/2,  edited 
by  Roger  Twysden  and  John  Selden. 
The  volume  contains:  (1)  Simeon  I>u- 
nelmensis  [Simeon  of  Durham],  Bistoria; 

(2)  Johannes  Hagustaldensis  [John  of 
Hexham],  Jlistoria  Cvntinuata  ;  (3)  Ri- 
chardus  Hagustaldensis  [Richard  of 
Hexham],  l)e  tlestis  Regis  atepham ;  (I) 
Ailredus  Rievallensis  [Ailred  of  Rieval], 
Hutoria  (genealogy  of  the  kings)  ;  (5) 
Radulphus  de  Dieeto  [Ralph  of  Dieeto], 
Abbreviations  Chronicorum  and  Ymagines 
Historiarum ;  (6)  Johannes  Brompton, 
Chronicon ;  (7)  Gervasius  Dorobomensls 
[Gervais  of  Dover],  Chronica,  etc.  (burn- 
ing and  repair  of  Dover  Church  ;  conten- 
tions between  the  monks  of  Canterbury 
and  archbishop  Baldwin  ;  and  lives  of 
the  archbishops  of  Canterbury)  ;  (8) 
Thomas  Stubbs  (a  doniinican),  Chronica 
Pontificum  ecc.  Eboraci  [i.e.  York];  (9) 
Guilielmus  Thorn  Cantuariensis  [of  Can- 
terbury], Chronica;  and  (10)  Henricus 
Knighton  Lcicestrensis  [of  Leicester], 
Chronica.  (The  last  three  are  chronicles 
of  "  pontiffs  "  or  archbishops.) 

Scriptores  Quinque,  better  known 
as  Scriptores  Post  Bulun,  published  at 
Frankfurt,  1601,  in  one  vol.  folio,  and 
containing:  (1)  WUlielm  Malmesburi- 
ensis,  De  Gestis  Region  Anglorum,  Historite 
Novella,  and  De  Gestis  Pontifioum  Anglo- 
rum  ;(2)  Henry  Huntindoniensis,  Historian 

(3)  Roger  Hovedeni  [Hoveden],  Amudcs  ; 
(-1)  Ethelwerd,  Chronica  ;  and  (.r>)  Ingul- 
phus  Croylandensis  [of  Croyland],  llis- 
toria. 

Scriptores  Tres,  three  "hypo- 
thetical" writers  on  ancient  history, 
which  Dr.  Bertram  professed  to  have  dis- 
covered between  the  years  17-17  and  17.r>7. 
They  are  called  Richardus  Corinensis  [of 
Cirencester],  De  Situ  Britannia;  Gildaa 
Badonicus ;  and  rfennius  Banchorensis 
[of  Bangor].  J.  E.  Mayor,  in  bis  pre- 
face to  Jlicardi  de  Oirenoesiria  Speculum 
Historiale,  has  laid  bare  this  literary 
forgery. 

Scripture.  Parson  Adams's  wife  said 
to  her  husband  that  in  her  opinion  "it 
was  blasphemous  to  talk  of  Scriptures 
out  of  church." — Kidding,  Joseph  An- 
drews. 

A  mv»t  Impression  In  my  youth 
Wumade  bj  Mr-  Adame,  where  riiecrie* 

"That  Scripture  on)  ,.f  church  ;u-f  btanphemoM." 
Byron,  Jkm  Jtuin,  ml.  1)6  (1894). 

Scroggen,  a  poor  hack  author,  cele- 
brated by  Goldsmith  in  his  Description 
of  an  Author's  Bedchamber. 

3  u 


SCROGGENS. 


882 


SCUDAMOUR. 


Scroggens  (Giles),  a  peasant,  who 
cotfrtcd  Molly  Brown,  but  died  just  be- 
fore the  wedding  day.  Molly  cried  and 
cried  for  him,  till  she  cried  herself  fast 
asleep.  Fancying  that  she  saw  Giles 
Scroggens's  ghost  standing  at  her  bed- 
side, she  exclaimed  in  terror,  "What 
do  you  want?"  "You  for  to  come  for 
to  go  along  with  me,"  replied  the  ghost. 
"  I  ben't  dead,  you  fool !  "  said  Molly  ; 
but  the  ghost  rejoined,  "  Why,  that's  no 
rule."  Then,  clasping  her  round  the 
waist,  he  exclaimed,  "  Come,  come  with 
me,  err  morning  beam."  "  I  won't !  " 
shrieked  Molly,  and  woke  to  find  "'twas 
cothing  but  a  dream." — A  Comic  Ballad. 

Scroggs  (Sir  William),  one  of  the 
judges.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  I'cveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Scrooge  (Ebenezer),  partner,  exe- 
cutor, and  heir  of  old  Jacob  Marlev, 
stock-broker.  When  first  introduced,  he 
is  "a  squeezing,  grasping,  covetous  old 
hunks,  sharp  and  hard  as  a  flint ;  "  with- 
out one  particle  of  sympathy,  loving  no 
one,  and  by  none  beloved.  One  ( 'hristmas 
Day,  Ebenezer  Scrooge  sees  three  ghosts : 
The  Ghost  of  Christinas  Past ;  the  Ghost 
of  Christmas  Present ;  and  the  Ghost  of 
Christmas  To-come.  The  first  takes  him 
back  to  his  yourg  life,  shows  him  what 
Christmas  was  to  him  when  a  schoolboy, 
and  when  he  was  an  apprentice  ;  reminds 
him  of  his  courting  a  young  girl,  whom 
he  forsook  as  he  grew  rich  ;  and  shows  him 
that  sweetheart  of  his  young  days  married 
to  another,  and  the  mother  of  a  happy 
family.  The  second  ghost  shows  him 
the  joyous  home  of  his  clerk  Bob 
Cratchit,  who  has  nine  people  to  keep  on 
15s.  a  week,  and  yet  could  find  where- 
withal to  make  merry  on  this  day  ; 
it  also  shows  him  the  family  of  his 
nephew,  and  of  others.  The  third  ghost 
shows  him  what  would  be  his  lot  if  he 
died  as  he  then  was,  the  prey  of  harpies, 
the  jest  of  his  friends  on  'Change,  the 
world's  uncared-for  waif.  These  visions 
wholly  change  his  nature,  and  he  becomes 
benevolent,  charitable,  and  cheerful,  lov- 
ing all,  and  bv  all  beloved. — C.  Dickens, 
A  Christinas  Carol  (in  five  staves,  1843). 

Serow,  the  clerk  of  lawyer  Glossin. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manncring  (time, 
George  II.). 

Scrub,  a  inan-of-all-work  to  lady 
Bountiful.     He  describes  his  duties  thus  : 

Of  :i  Honda)  I  drive  the  coach,  of  a  Tuesday  I  drive  the 
plough,  on  Wednesday  1  follow  ths  hounds,  on  Thursday 

I  den  the  tenants,  un  Friday  I  go  to  market,  ou  Saturday 


I  draw  warrants,   and    on  Sunday  I  draw  beer.— Geo. 
Farquliar,  The  Beaux'  Stratagem,  iii.  4  (1707). 

One  day.  when  Weston  [1727-1776]  was  announced  to 
play  "Scrub."  he  sent  to  request  a  loan  of  money  from 
Garrick,  which  was  refused ;  whereupon  Weston  did  not 
put  in  bis  appearance  in  the  green-room.  So  Garrick  came 
to  the  foot-lights,  and  said,  "  Ladies  and  gentlemen.  Mr. 
Weston  being  taken  suddenly  ill.  be  is  not  capable  of  ap- 
pearing before  ytnj  this  evening,  and  so  with  your  permis- 
sion 1  will  perform  the  part  of  'Scrub'  in  his  stead." 
Weston,  who  was  in  the  gallery  with  a  sham  bailiff,  now 
hallooed  out,  "  1  am  here.  I  ut  the  bailiff  won't  let  me 
come."  The  audience  roared  with  laughter,  clamoured  lor 
Weston,  insisted  he  should  play  "  Scrub."  and  the  manager 
was  obliged  to  advance  the  loan  and  release  the  debtor. — 
Spirit  of  the  /*uW<e  JouriiaU  (1825). 

Scrubin'da,  the  lady  who  "  lived  by 
the  scouring  of  pots  in  Dyot  Street. 
Bloomsbury  Square." 

Oh.  was  I  a  quart,  pint,  or  gill. 

To  be  scrubbed  by  her  delicate  hands!  .  .  . 
My  parlour  that's  next  to  the  sky 

I'd  quit,  her  blest  mansion  to  share ; 
So  happ)  to  live  and  to  die 

In  l>yot  Street,  Bloomsbury  Square. 

W.  B.  Rhodes.  ISomUuUi  furiom  (1790). 

Scruple,  the  friend  of  Random.  He 
is  too  honest  for  a  rogue,  and  too  con 
scientious  for  a  rake.  At  Calais  he  met 
Harriet,  the  elder  daughter  of  sir  David 
Dunder  of  Dunder  Hall,  near  Dover,  and 
fell  in  love  with  her.  Scruple  subsequently 
got  invited  to  Dunder  Hall,  and  was  told 
that  his  Harriet  was  to  be  married  next 
day  to  lord  Snolt.  a  stumpy,  "gummy" 
fogey  of  five  and  forty.  Harriet  hated 
the  idea,  and  agreed  to  elope  with  Scruple ; 
but  her  father  discovered  by  accident  the 
intention,  and  intercepted  it.  However, 
to  prevent  scandal,  he  gave  his  consent 
to  the  union,  and  discovered  that  Scruple, 
both  in  family  and  fortune,  was  quite 
suitable  for  a  son-in-law. — G.  Colman, 
Ways  and  Means  (1788). 

Scu'damour  (Sir),  the  knight  he- 
loved  by  Am'oret  (whom  Britomart  de- 
livered from  Busyrane  the  enchanter), 
and  whom  she  ultimately  married.  He 
is  called  Scudamour  (3  syl.)  from  [Y]seu 
(Tamovr  ("the  shield  of  love"),  which 
he  carried  (bk.  iv.  10).  This  shield  was 
hung  by  golden  bands  in  the  temple 
of  Venus,  and  under  it  was  written: 
"Whosevek  be  this  Shield,  Faikk 
Ajioret  be  his."  Sir  Scudamour,  de- 
termined to  win  the  prize,  had  to  fight 
with  twenty  combatants,  overthrew  them 
all,  and  the  shield  was  his.  When  he 
saw  Anioret  in  the  company  of  Brito- 
mart dressed  as  a  knight,  he  was  racked 
with  jealous}',  and  went  on  his  wander- 
ings, accompanied  by  nurse  Glauce  lor 
"  his  'squire  ;  "  but  somewhat  later,  seeing 
Britomart  without  her  helmet,  he  felt 
that  his  jealousy  was  groundless  (bk.  iv. 
€).      His  tale  is   told   by   himself   (bk. 


SCULPTURE. 


883 


SEA-CAPTAIN. 


iv.  10). — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.,  iv. 
(1590-6). 

Sculpture  {Father  of  French),  Jean 
Goujon  (1510-1572).  G.  Pilon  is  so 
called  also  (1515-1590). 

Scyld,  the  king  of  Denmark  preceding 
Beowulf.  The  Anglo-Saxon  epic  poem 
called  Beowulf  (sixth  century)  begins 
with  the  death  of  Scyld. 

At  his  appointed  time,  Scyld  deceased,  very  decrepit, 
and  went  into  the  peace  of  the  Lord.  They  .  .  .  bore 
bini  to  the  sea-shore  as  he  himself  requested.  .  .  .  There 
on  the  beach  stood  the  ring-prowed  ship,  the  vehicle  of 
the  noble  .  .  .  ready  to  set  out.  They  laid  down  the  dear 
prince,  the  distributer  of  rings,  in  the  bosom  of  the  ship, 
the  mighty  one  beside  the  mast  .  .  .  they  set  up  a  golden 
ensign  high  overhead  .  .  .  they  gave  him  to  the  deep. 
Bad  was  their  spirit,  mournful  their  mood.— Kenible, 
ileuwul/  (an  Anglo-Saxon  poem,  1833). 

Scylla  and  Charybdis.  The 
former  was  a  rock,  in  which  dwelt  Scylla, 
a  hideous  monster  encompassed  with  dogs 
and  wolves.  The  latter  was  a  whirlpool, 
into  which  Charybdis  was  metamor- 
phosed.— Classic  table. 

Scylla  and  Charybdis  of  Scot- 
land, the  "  Swalchie  whirlpool,"  and 
the  "Merry  Men  of  Mey,"  a  bed  of 
broken  water  which  boils  like  a  witch's 
caldron,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Stroma 
Channel. 

("Merry  Men;"  men  is  a  corruption 
of  mam  in  this  phrase.) 

Scythian  {That  Brave),  Darius  the 
Persian.  According  to  Herod'otos,  all 
the  south-east  of  Europe  used  to  be  called 
Scythia,  and  Xenophon  calls  the  dwellers 
south  of  the  Caspian  Sea  "Scythians" 
also.  In  fact,  by  Scythia  was  meant  the 
south  of  Russia  and  west  of  Asia  ;  hence 
the  Hungarians,  a  Tartar  horde  settled 
On  the  cast  coast  of  the  Caspian,  who,  in 
889,  crossed  into  Europe,  are  spoken  of 
as  "Scythians,"  and  lord  Brooke  calls 
the  Persians  "Scythians."  The  reference 
below  is  to  the  following  event  in  Persian 
history  : — The  death  of  Smerdis  was  kept 
for  a  time  a  profound  secret,  and  one  of 
the  ofiieers  about  the  court  who  resembled 
him,  usurped  the  crown,  calling  himself 
brother  of  the  late  monarch.  Seven  of 
the  high  nobles  conspired  together,  and 
slew  the  usurper,  but  it  then  became  a 
question  to  which  of  the  seven  the  crown 
should  be  offered.  They  did  not  toss  for 
it,    but  they    did    much    the   same   thing. 

They  agreed  to  give  the  crown  to  bim 
whose  horse  neighed  first.    Darina's  horse 

won,  and  thus  Darius  became  king  of  the 
Persian  empire. 


That  bnive  Sothlan. 
Who  found  more  sweetness  In  his  horse's  neighing 
Than  all  Uio  Phrygian.  Dorian,  L)dtnn  playing. 

Lord  lirooke  (1&M-11B8). 

%*  Marlowe  calls  Tamburlaine  o\ 
Tartary  "a  Scythian." 

You  shall  hear  the  Scythian  Tiunburlalne 
Threatening  the  world  with  high  astounding  terms. 
Marlowe.  Tamburlain*  (prologue,  15e7). 

Scythian's  Name  {The),  Humbe? 
or  Humbert  king  of  the  Huns  invaded 
England  during  the  reign  of  Locrin, 
some  1000  years  B.C.  In  his  flight,  he 
was  drowned  in  the  river  Abus,  which 
has  ever  since  been  called  the  Huinber, 
after  "the  Scythian's  name." — Geoffrey, 
British  History,  ii.  2  (1142)  ;  and  Milton's 
History  of  England. 

Or  Huinber  loud  that  keeps  tho  .Scythian's  name. 

Milton,   Vacation  KxcrcUt  (16J7). 

Sea  {The  Great).  The  Mediterranean 
was  so  called  by  the  ancients. 

Sea  {The  Waterless).  Prestcr  John,  in 
his  letter  to  Manuel  Comnenus  emperot 
of  Constantinople,  says  that  in  his  country 
there  is  a  "waterless  sea,"  which  none 
have  evercrossed.  ltconsistsof  tumbling 
billows  of  sand,  never  at  rest,  and  contains 
fish  of  most  excellent  flavour. 

Three  days'  journey  from  the  coast  of 
the  Sand  Sea  is  a  mountain  whence  rolls 
down  a  "waterless  river,"  consisting  of 
small  stones,  which  crumble  into  sand 
when  they  reach  the  "sea." 

Near  the  Sand  Sea  is  a  fountain  called 
Mussel,  because  it  is  contained  in  a  basin 
like  a  mussel-shell.  This  is  a  test  foun- 
tain. Those  who  test  it,  strip  off  their 
clothes,  and  if  they  are  true  and  leal,  the 
water  rises  three  times,  till  it  covers 
their  head. 

Sea-Born  City  [The),  Venice. 

Sea-Captain  (The),  a  drama  by  lord 
Lytton  (1889).  Norman,  "the  sea-cap- 
tain," was  the  son  of  lady  Arundel  by  her 
first  husband,  m  bo  W  as  murdered,     lie  was 

born  three  days  after  bil  lather's  murder, 
and  was  brought  Dp  by  Onslow,  a  village 

priest.  At  ii  he  went  to  sea,  and  became 
the  captain  <d'  a  man-of-war.  Lady 
Arundel   married  again,  and   had  another 

Bon  named  Percy.     She  wished  to  ignore 

Norman,  and  to  Bottle  the  title  and  estates 
on  Percy,  1  .tit  it  was  not  to  be.  Norman 
and   Percy   both   loved   Violet,   a  ward  of 

Lady  Arundel.  Violet,  however,  Loved 
Norman  only.  A  scheme  was  laid  to 
murder  Norman,  but  failed  ;  and  at  the 
end   Norman  was   acknowledged   by  his 

mother,  reconciled  to  his  brother,'  and 
married  to  the  ward. 


SEA-GIRT  ISLE. 


884 


SEBASTIAN. 


Sea-Girt  Isle  (The),  Great  Britain. 

Sea  of  Sedge  (The),  the  Red  Sea. 
The  Red  Sea  so  abounds  with  sedge  that 
in  the  Hebrew  Scriptures  it  is  called  "  The 
Weedy  or  Sedgy  Sea."  Milton  refers  to 
it  when  he  says,  the  rebel  angels  were  as 
numberless  as  the 

.  .  .  scattered  sedge 
Aflote,  when  with  fierce  winds  Orion  armed 
Hath  vexed  the  Ued  Sea  coast. 

ParadUt  Lott,  1.  304  (1665). 

Sea  of  Stars.  The  source  of  the 
Yellow  River,  in  Thibet,  is  so  called 
because  of  the  unusual  sparkle  of  the 
waters. 

Like  a  sea  of  stars, 
The  hundred  sources  of  Boangho  [the  yellow  Mvrr\ 
Southey,  Thalaba  the  lieUroyrr.  *t  13  (1797}. 

Seaforth  (The  earl  of),  a  royalist,  in 
the  service  of  king  Charles  I. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles 
I.). 

Seasons  (The),  a  descriptive  poem  in 
blank  verse,  by  James  Thomson,  "Win- 
ter" (17-21)),  "Summer"  (1727),  "Spring" 
(1728),  "Autumn"  (1730).  "Winter" 
is  inscribed  to  the  earl  of  Wilming- 
ton ;  "Summer"  to  Mr.  Doddington; 
"Spring"  to  the  countess  of  Hertford; 
and  "Autumn"  to  Mr.  Onslow. 

1.  In  "  Winter,"  after  describing  the 
season,  the  poet  introduces  his  episode  of 
a  traveller  lost  in  a  snowstorm,  "the 
creeping  cold  lays  him  along  the  snow, 
a  stiffened  corse,"  of  wife,  of  children, 
and  of  friend  unseen.  The  whole  book 
contains  1009  lines. 

2.  "Summer"  begins  with  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  season,  and  the  rural  pursuits 
of  haymaking  and  sheep-shearing  ; 
passes  on  to  the  hot  noon,  when  "nature 
pants,  and  every  stream  looks  languid." 
Alter  describing  the  tumultuous  character 
of  the  season  in  tne  torrid  zone,  he  returns 
to  England,  and  describes  a  thunder- 
storm, in  which  Celadon  and  Amelia  are 
overtaken.  The  tnunder  growls,  the 
lightnings  Sash,  louder  and  louder  crashes 
the  aggravated  roar,  "  convulsing  heaven 
and  earth."  The  maiden,  terrified,  clings 
to  her  lever  for  protection.  "  Fear  not, 
sweet  innocence,"  he  says.  "  He  who 
involves  yon  skies  in  darkness  ever 
smiles  on  thee.  'Tis  safety  to  be  near 
thee,  sure,  and  thus  to  clasp  perfection." 
As  he  speaks  the  words,  a  flash  of  Light- 
ning strikes  the  maid,  and  lavs  her  a 
blackened  corpse  at  the  young  man's  feet. 
The  poem  concludes  with  the  more  peace- 
ful scenery  of  a  summer's  evening,  when 
the   story   of    Damon    and    Musitlora   is 


introduced.  Damon  had  long  loved  the 
beautiful  Musidora,  but  met  with  scant 
encouragement.  One  summer's  evening, 
he  accidentally  came  upon  her  bathing, 
and  the  respectful  modesty  of  his  love  so 
won  upon  the  damsel  that  she  wrote 
upon  a  tree,  "  Damon,  the  time  may 
come  when  you  need  not  fly."  The 
whole  book  contains  1804  lines. 

3.  In  "  Spring  "  the  poet  describes  its 
general  features,  and  its  influence  on  the 
vegetable  and  animal  world.  He  de- 
scribes a  garden  with  its  haram  of  flowers, 
a  grove  with  its  orchestry  of  song-bird* 
making  melody  in  their  love,  the  rough 
world  of  brutes  furious  and  fierce  with 
their  strong  desire,  and  lastly  man  tem- 
pered by  its  infusive  influence.  The  book 
contains  1173  lines. 

4.  In  "Autumn"  we  are  taken  to  the 
harvest-field,  where  the  poet  introduces 
a  story  similar  to  that  of  Ruth  and  Boaz. 
His  Ruth  he  calls  "  Lavinia,"  and  his 
Boaz  "  l'alemon."  He  then  describes 
partridge  and  pheasant  shooting,  hare 
and  fox  hunting,  all  of  which  he  con- 
demns. After  luxuriating  in  the  orchard 
and  vineyard,  he  speaks  of  the  emigration 
of  birds,  the  falling  of  the  sear  and  yellow 
leaf,  and  concludes  with  a  eulogy  of 
country  lifp.  The  whole  book  contains 
1371  lines. 

%*  It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the 
poet's  order  has  not  been  preserved.  Tho 
arrangement  of  the  seasons  into  Spring, 
Summer,  Autumn,  and  Winter,  is  un- 
natural, and  mars  the  harmony  of  the 
poet's  plan. 

Seatonian  Prize.  The  Rev.  Thom*s 
Beaton,  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge 
University,  bequeathed  the  rents  of  hin 
Kislingbury  estate  for  a  yearly  prize  of 
£40  to  the  best  English  poem  on  a 
sacred  subject  announced  in  January,  and 
sent  in  on  or  before  September  29  follow- 
ing. 

Shall  hoary  Granta  call  her  sable  sons  .  .  . 
Shall  these  approach  the  Must    Ah,  no  I  she  film 
And  even  spurns  Uie  great  Seatonian  prize. 
Byron,  KnylUh  liarUs  and  Met  Jietiieven  (1804). 

Sebastes  of  Mytile'ne  (4  *yl.)t 
the  assassin  in  the  "  Immortal  Guards." — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  JiJ/crt  of  Paris 
(time,  Rufus). 

Sebastian,  a  young  gentleman  of 
Messalinu,  brother  to  Viola.  They  were 
twins,  and  so  much  alike  that  they  could 
not  be  distinguished  except  by  their  dress. 

Sebastian  and  his  Bister  being  shipwrecked, 

escaped  to  Illyria.  Here  Sebastian  \saH 
mistaken  for  hi'  sister  (who  had  assumed 


SEBASTIAN. 


885 


SEDLEY. 


man's  apparel),  and  was  invited  by  the 
countess  Olivia  to  take  shelter  in  her 
house  from  a  street  broil.  Olivia  was  in 
love  with  Viola,  and  thinking  Sebastian 
to  be  the  object  of  her  love,  married  him. 
—Shakespeare,  Twelfth  Niijht  (1G14). 

Sebastian,  brother  of  Alonso  king  of 
Naples,  in  Tlie  Tempest  (1609). 

Sebas'tian,  father  of  Valentine  and 
Alice. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Mons. 
Thomas  (1619). 

Sebastian  (Don),  king  of  Portugal,  is 
defeated  in  battle  and  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Moors  (1574).  He  is  saved  from 
death  by  Dorax  a  noble  Portuguese, 
then  a  renegade  in  the  court  of  the 
emperor  of  Barbary.  The  train  being 
dismissed,  Dorax  takes  off  his  turban, 
assumes  his  Portuguese  dress,  and  is 
recognized  as  Alonzo  of  Alcazar. — Dry- 
den,  Bon  Sebastian  (1690). 

The  quarrel  and  reconciliation  of  Sebastian  and  Dorax 
[alia*  A  lonzo  of  A  Icnzar]  is  a  masterly  copy  from  a  similar 
scene  between  I'.rutcis  and  Cassias  I  in  shiikrs/.eare's  Julius 
Cicsar].— Ii.  Chambers,  English  Literature,  i.  3S0. 

Don  Sebastian,  a  name  of  terror  to 
Moorish  children. 

Nor  shall  Sebastian's  formidable  name 
Be  longer  used  to  still  the  crying  babe. 

Dryden,  Don  Sebastian  (lfiOO). 

Sebastian  I.  of  Brazil,  who  fell  in 
the  battle  of  Alcazarquebir  in  1578.  The 
legend  is  that  he  is  not  dead,  but  is 
patiently  biding  the  fulness  of  time, 
when  he  will  return,  and  make  Brazil  the 
chief  kingdom  of  the  earth.  (See  Bak- 
barossa.) 

Sebastc-c'rator  (The),  the  chief 
officer  of  state  in  the  empire  of  Greece. 
Same  as  Protosebastos. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Kufus). 

Sebile  (2  syl.),  la  Dame  du  Lac  in 
the  romance  called  Perceforest.  Her 
castle  was  surrounded  by  a  river,  on 
which  rested  so  thick  a  fog  that  no  one 
could  6ee  across  it.  Alexander  the 
Great  abode  with  her  a  fortnight  to  be 
cured  of  his  wounds,  and  kinj^  Arthur 
was  the  result  of  this  amour  (vol.  i.  4l>). 

Secret  Hill  (The).  Ossian  said  to 
Oscar,  when  he  resigned  to  him  the 
command  of  the  morrow's  battle,  "  Be 
thine  the  secret  hill  to-night,"  referring 
to  the  Gaelic  custom  of  the  commander 
of  an  army  retiring  to  a  secret  hill  the 
night  before  a  battle,  to  hold  communion 
with  the  ghosts  of  departed  heroes. — 
Ossian,  Githlui  of  Clutha. 

Secret  Tribunal  (The),  the  count 


of  the  Holy  Vehme.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ann* 
of  Geicrstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Secrets.  The  Depository  of  the  SecreU 
of  alt  the  World  was  the  inscription  over 
one  of  the  brazen  portals  of  Fakreddin'a 
valley.— W.  Beckford,  Vathe/i  (1784). 

Sedgwick  (Doomsday),  William 
Sedgwick,  a  fanatical  "prophet"  in  the 
Commonwealth,  who  pretended  that  it 
had  been  revealed  to  him  in  a  vision 
that  the  day  of  doom  was  at  hand. 

Sedillo,  the  licentiate  with  whom 
Gil  Bias  took  service  as  a  footman. 
Sedillo  was  a  gouty  old  gourmand  of  69. 
Being  ill,  he  sent  for  Dr.  Sangrado, 
who  took  from  him  six  porringers  of 
blood  every  day,  and  dosed  him  in- 
cessantly with  warm  water,  giving  him 
two  or  three  pints  at  a  time,  Baying,  "a 
patient  cannot  be  blooded  too  much  ;  fur 
it  is  a  great  error  to  suppose  that  blood  U 
needful  for  the  preservation  of  life. 
Warm  water,'' he  maintained,  "drunk  in 
abundance,  is  the  true  specific  in  all 
distempers."  When  the  licentiate  died 
under  this  treatment,  the  doctor  insisted 
it  was  because  his  patient  had  neither 
lost  blood  enough  nor  drunk  enough 
warm  water. — Lesage,  Gil  Bias,  ii.  1,  2 
(1715). 

Sedley  (Mr.),  a  wealthy  London 
stock-broker,  brought  to  ruin  by  the 
fall  of  the  Funds  just  prior  to  the  battle 
of  Waterloo.  The  old  merchant  then 
tried  to  earn  a  meagre  pittance  by  selling 
wine,  coals,  or  lottery-tickets  by  com- 
mission, but  his  bad  wine  and  cheap 
coals  found  but  few  customers. 

Mrs.  Sedley,  wife  of  Mr.  Sedley.  A 
homely,  kind-hearted,  bonny,  motherly 
woman  in  her  prosperous  days,  but 
soured  by  adversity,  and  quick  to  take 
offence. 

Amelia  Sedley,  daughter  of  the  stock- 
broker, educated  at  Miss  Pinkerton'i 
academy,  Chiswick  Mall,  and  engaged 
to  captain  George  Osborne,  son  of  a  rich 
London  merchant.  After  the  ruin  of 
Old  Sedley,  George  married  Amelia,  and 
was  disinherited  by  his  rather.  He  was 
adored  by  his  young  wife,  but  fell  on 
the  field  of  Waterloo.  Amelia  then 
returned  to  her  fathur,  and  lived  in  great 

indigence,  but  captain   Dobbin   greatly 

loved    her,   and  did  much  to  relieve  her 
worst  wants.      Captain    Dobbin   rose  in 
his  profession  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and 
married  the  young  widow. 
Joseph  Sedley,  a  collector,  of  Boggley 


SEDLEY. 


886      SELF-ADMIRATION  SOCIETY. 


Wollah  ;  a  fat,  sensual,  conceited  dandy, 
vain,  shy,  and  vulgar.  "  His  excellency" 
fled  from  Brussels  on  the  day  of  the  battle 
between  Napoleon  and  Wellington,  and 
returned  to  Calcutta,  where  he  bragged 
of  his  brave  deeds,  and  made  it  appear 
that  he  was  Wellington's  right  hand ; 
so  that  he  obtained  the  sobriquet  of 
"  Waterloo  Sedley."  He  again  returned 
to  England,  and  became  the  "  patron  " 
of  Becky  Sharp  (then  .Mrs.  Rawdon 
Crawley,  but  separated  from  her  hus- 
baud).  This  lady  proved  a  terrible 
dragon,  fleeced  him  of  all  his  money, 
and  in  six  months  he  died  under  very 
Buspicious  circumstances.  —  Thackeray, 
Vanity  Fair  (1858). 

Sedley  (Sir  Charles),  in  the  court  of 
Charles  I  J. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

See,     the      Conquering    Hero 

Comes !  This  song  stands  at  the  open- 
ing of  act  ii.  of  Alexander  the  Great,  a 
tragedy  by  N.  Lee  (1G7S). 

(Set  to  music  by  Handel,  and  intro- 
duced in  the  oratorio  of  Judas  Maccabecus, 
1743.) 

Seelencooper  (Captain),  superin- 
tendent of  the  military  hospital  at  Ryde. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Suryeons  Dauyhter 
(time,  George  II.). 

Seer  (The  Pouyhkeepsie),  Andrew 
Jackson  Davis. 

Segonti'ari,  inhabitants  of  parts  of 
Hampshire  and  Berkshire,  referred  to  in 
the  Commentaries  of  Caesar. 

Seicen'to  (3  syl.),  the  sixteenth 
century  of  Italian  notables,  the  period  of 
bad  taste  and  degenerate  art.  The  de- 
graded art  is  termed  Seicentista,  and  the 
notables  of  the  period  the  Seicentisti. 
The  style  of  writing  was  inflated  and 
bombastic,  and  that  of  art  was  what  is 
termed  "  rococo."  The  chief  poet  was 
Marini  (15G9-1615),  the  chief  painter 
Caravaggio  (1569-1609),  the  chief  sculp- 
tor Bernini  (1593-1680),  and  the  chief 
architect  Borromini  (1599-1667). 

Sede,  in  Voltaire's  tragedy  of  Mahomet, 
was  the  character  in  which  Talma,  the 
great  French  tragedian,  made  his  debut  in 
1787. 

Seidel-Beckir,  the  most  famous  of 
all  talismanists.  He  made  three  of 
extraordinary  powei  :  viz.,  a  little  golden 
fish,  which  would  fetch  from  the  sea 
whatever  was  desired  of  it ;  a  poniard, 
which   rendered   the  person  who  bore  it 


invisible,  and  all  others  whom  he  wished 
to  be  so  ;  and  a  steel  ring,  which  enabled 
the  wearer  to  read  the  secrets  of  another's 
heart. — Comte  de  Cavlus,  Oriental  Tales 
("The  Four  Talismans,"  1743). 

Seine  (1  syl.),  put  for  Paris.  Tenny- 
son calls  the  red  republicanism  of  Paris, 
"  The  red  fool-fury  of  the  Seine." 

Set  tiny  the  Seine  on  fire.  The  Seine  ia 
a  drag-net  as  well  as  a  river.  Hence 
drag-men  are  called  in  French  les pec/ieurs 
d  la  ncine,  and  it  has  been  argued  that 
the  French  expression,  "  He  will  never 
set  the  Seine  in  fire,"  arose  from  the 
fact  that  an  active  fisherman  pulling  the 
seine  up  very  briskly  was  liable  to  set  it  on 
fire;  a  lazy  one  was  not.  But  it  is  quite 
as  probable  that  the  phrase  was  borrow- 
ed from  the  familiar  English  one  about 
Betting  the  Thames  on  fire  (for  deriva- 
tion of  which  see  Thames),  especially  as 
it  is  very  seldom  used  by  the  French, 
their  equivalent  being  ,  "  He  is  not  fit  to 
be  trusted  in  the  powder-magazines." 

Sejanus  (AJlius),  a  minister  of 
Tiberius,  and  commander  of  the  praetorian 
guards.  His  affability  made  him  a  great 
favourite.  In  order  that  he  might  be 
the  foremost  man  of  Rome,  all  the 
children  and  grandchildren  of  the  em- 
peror were  put  to  death  under  sundry 
pretences.  Drusus,  the  son  of  Tiberius, 
then  fell  a  victim.  He  next  persuaded 
the  ein[K;ror  to  retire,  and  Tiberius  went 
to  Campania,  leaving  to  Sejanus  the  sole 
management  of  affairs.  He  now  called 
himself  emperor ;  but  Tiberius,  roused 
from  his  lethargy,  accused  his  minister 
of  treason.  The  senate  condemned  him 
to  be  strangled,  and  his  remains,  being 
treated  with  the  grossest  insolence,  were 
kicked  into  the  Tiber,  a.d.  31.  This  was 
the  subject  of  Ben  Jonson's  first  historical 
play,  entitled  Sejanus  (1603). 

Sejjin  or  Sejn,  the  record  of  all 
evil  deeds,  whether  by  men  or  the  genii, 
kept  by  the  recording  angel.  It  also 
means  that  dungeon  beneath  the  seventh 
earth,  where  Eblis  and  his  companions 
arc  confined. 

Verily,  the  register  of  the  deeds  of  the  wicked  U  sural; 
In  Sejjia. — Sale,  Al  Korttn,  Imxill. 

Selby  (Captain),  an  officer  in  the 
guards. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (tune,  Charles  II.). 

Self- Admiration  Society  (The). 
Poets:  Morris,  Rosetti,  and  Swinburne. 
Painters  :  llrown,  Mudon,  Whistler,  and 
some  others. 


SELIM. 


887       SEMIRAMIS  OF  THE  NORTH. 


Selim,  son    of   Abdallah,   who    was 

murdered  by  his  brother  Giallir  (pacha  of 
Aby'dos).  After  the  death  of  his  brother, 
GiafBr  (2  ay/.)  took  Selim  under  his 
charge  and  brought  him  Dp,  but  treated 
him  with  considerable  cruelty.  Giaftir 
had  a  daughter  named  Zuleika  (3  s///.), 
with  whom  Selim  tell  in  love;  but 
Zuleika  thought  he  was  her  brother.  As 
soon  as  Giaffil  discovered  the  attachment 
of  the  two  cousins  for  each  other,  he 
informed  his  daughter  that  he  intended 
her  to  marry  Osmyn  Bey  ;  but  Zuleika 
eloped  with  Selim,  the  pacha  pursued 
after  them,  Selim  was  shot,  Zuleika 
killed  herself,  and  Giaftir  was  left  child- 
less and  alone. — Byron,  Bride  of  Abydos 
(1813). 

Selim,  son  of  Acbar.  Jehanguire  was 
called  Selim  before  his  accession  to  the 
throne.  He  married  Nourmahal  the 
"Light  of  the  Haram,"  but  a  coolness 
rose  up  between  them.  One  night,  Nour- 
mahal entered  the  sultan's  banquet-room 
as  a  lute-player,  and  so  charmed  young 
Selim  that  he  exclaimed,  "  If  Nourmahal 
had  so  sung,  I  could  have  forgiven  her  ! " 
It  was  enough.  Nourmahal  threw  off 
her  disguise,  and  became  reconciled  to 
her  husband. — T.  Moore,  Lalla  Bookh 
("  Light  of  the  Haram,"  1817). 

Selim,  son  of  the  Moorish  king  of 
Algiers.  [Horush]  Barbarossa,  the  Greek 
renegade,  having  made  himself  master 
of  Algiers,  slew  the  reigning  king,  but 
Selim  escaped.  After  the  lapse  of  seven 
years,  he  returned,  under  the  assumed 
name  of  Achmet,  and  headed  an  uprising 
of  the  Moors.  The  insurgents  succeeded, 
Barbarossa  was  slain,  the  widowed  queen 
Zaphlra  was  restored  to  her  husband's 
throne,  and  Selim  her  son  married  Irrmj 
daughter  of  Barbarossa. — J.  Brown,  Bar- 
barossa (1742  or  17;")o). 

Selim,  friend  of  Etan  (the  supposed 
son  of  Zamti  the  mandarin). — Murphy, 

T/ie  Orphan  of  China  (1759). 

Sel'ima,  daughter  of  Bajazet  sultan 
of  Turkey,  in  love  with  prince  Axalla, 
but  promised  by  her  father  in  marriage 
to  Omar.  When  Selima  refused  to  marry 
Omar,  Baja/.ct  would  have  slain  her;  but 
Tamerlane  commanded  both  Bajazet  and 
Omar  to  be  seized.  So  every  obstacle 
wag  removed  from  the  union  of  Selima 
and  Axalla. — N.  liowe,  Tamerlane  (17U2). 

Sel'ima,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  from 
the  East  led  by  the  guiding  Mar  to  Jeans* 
— Klopstock,  l'lie  Messuih,  v.  (1771). 


Sa'lith,  one  of  the  two  guardian 
an^'i-ls   of  the   Virgin   Mary  and   of  John 

the  Divine.— Klupstock,  The  Messiah,  ix. 
(1771). 

Sollock  (Cish/),  a  scrvant-t;irl  in  the 
service  of  lady  and  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril 

of  the  Teak.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Pewrti  of  tli4 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Selma,  the  royal  residence  of  Fingal, 
in  Morven  (north-west  coast  of  Scot- 
land). 

Selma,  thy  halls  are  silent  There  Is  no  Bound  In  Mm 
woods  of  Morven. — Ossian,  Lncfi'.um. 

Selvaggio,  the  father  of  sir  Industry, 
and  the  hero  of  Thomson's  Castle  of  In- 
dolence. 

In  Fairy-land  there  lived  a  knight  of  old. 

Of  restore  stern,  Selraggio  «••!!  y-clept ; 
A  rough,  unpolished  man,  robust  and  bold, 

But  wondrous  poor.    He  neither  Bowed  nor  reaped  ; 

Ne  stores  in  summer  tor  cold  winter  beeped. 
In  hunting  all  bis  days  away  he  wore— 

Now  scorched  by  June,  now  in  Nurember  steeped. 
Now  pinched  by  biting  January 
He  still  In  woods  pursued  the  libhard  and  the  boar. 

Thomson,  Cattle  of  Indolence,  U.  5  {174S). 

Sem'ele  (3  syl.),  ambitious  of  enjoy- 
ing Jupiter  in  all  his  glory,  perished 
from  the  sublime  effulgence  of  the  god. 
This  is  substantially  the  tale  of  the 
second  story  of  T.  Moore's  Loves  of  tht 
Angela.  Liris  requested  her  angel  lover 
to  come  to  her  in  all  his  angelic  bright- 
ness ;  but  was  burnt  to  ashes  as  she  fell 
into  his  embrace. 

For  majesty  gives  nought  to  subjects.  .  .  . 
A  royal  smile,  a  guinea's  glorious  rays, 
Like  Simele,  would  kill  us  with  its  blaze. 

Peter  Pindar  [Dr.  Wokotl  /Yo./reuo/ 
Admiration  llSoy). 

Serai'da,  the  young  man,  the  only 
son  of  a  widow,  raised  from  the  dead  by 
Jesus,  as  he  was  being  carried  from  tlie 
walls  id'  Nain.  lie  was  deeply  in  love 
with  Cidli,  the  daughter  of  Jaiius. 

He  was  in  the  bloom  of  lifo.  BJihair  hung  In  mrh 
on  his  shoulders,  and  be  appeared  as  beautiful  ;l»  Darid 
when,  sitting  bj  (]"■  stream  "t  i-  thlehem,  he  was  rartabi  d 

at  the  voice  of  Hull, — HTIui.1  1Hh,  The  Messiah,  lr.  (1.  >  IX. 

Semir'aniis,  queen  of  Assyria,  wifo 

of    Ninus.      She    survived    her   husband, 

and  reigned.  The  glory  of  Iter  rei^-n 
stands  out   so   prominently  that  she  quite 

eclipses  all  the    monarcha    of    ancient 

Assyria.  After  a  reign  of  forty-two 
years,  she  resigned  the  crown  to  her  sou 
Niiivas,  and  took  her  flight   to  heaven   in 

the  form  of  a  dove.  Semiramiswas  the 
daughter    of    DercSto    the    Bsh-goddes" 

and  B  Syrian  youth,  .'1111!,  being  exposed 
in  infancy,  was  brought  up  by  do\cs. 

Semiramis  of  the  North.  Mar- 

faret,   daughter    of    Waldemar    111.    of 
Denmark.    At  the  death  of  her  father. 


SEMIRAMIS  OF  THE  NORTH.      888  SENTIMENTAL  JOURNEY. 


she  succeeded  him  ;  by  the  death  of  her 
husband,  Haco  VIII.  king  of  Norway, 
she  succeeded  to  that  kingdom  also  ;  and 
having  conquered  Albert  of  Sweden,  she 
added  Sweden  to  her  empire.  Thus  was 
she  queen  of  Denmark,  Norway,  and 
Sweden  (1353-1412). 

Semiramis  of  the  North,  Catharine  of 
Russia,  a  powerful  and  ambitious  sove- 
reign, but  licentious,  sensual,  and  very 
immoral  (1729-1796). 

Semkail,  the  angel  of  the  winds  and 
waves. 

I  keep  the  winds  In  nwe  with  the  hand  which  you  see 
In  the  air,  and  prevent  the  wind  Haidge  frcmi  coming 
forth.  If  I  gave  it  freedom,  it  would  reduce  the  universe 
to  powder.  Witli  my  other  hand  I  hinder  the  sea  from 
overflowing,  without  which  precaution  it  would  cover  the 
*ice  of  the  whole  earth.— Comte  dt;  Caylus,  Oriental  Tale* 
f  History  of  Abdal  Mutalleb."  1743). 

Semo  (Son  of),  Cuthullin  general  of 
the  Irish  tribes. 

Sempro'nius,  one  of  the  "  friends  " 
of  Timon  of  Athens,  and  "the  first  man 
that  e'er  received  a  gift  from  him." 
When  Timon  sent  to  borrow  a  sum  of 
money  of  "  his  friend,"  he  excused  him- 
self thus :  As  Timon  did  not  think 
proper  to  apply  to  me  first,  but  asked 
others  before  he  sent  to  me,  I  consider 
his  present  application  an  insult.  "  Go," 
said  he  to  the  servant,  "  and  tell  your 
master : 

Who  bates  mine  honour  shall  not  know  my  coin." 
Shakespeare,  Timon  of  Atftent,  act  ill.  »c.  3  (1600). 

Sempro'nius,  a  treacherous  friend  of 
Cato  while  in  Utica.  Sempronius  tried 
to  mask  his  treason  by  excessive  zeal 
and  unmeasured  animosity  against  Caesar, 
with  whom  he  was  acting  in  alliance. 
He  loved  Marcia,  Cato's  daughter,  but 
his  love  was  not  honourable  love  ;  and 
when  he  attempted  to  carry  off  the  lady 
by  force,  he  was  slain  by  Juba  the 
Numidian  prince. — J.  Addison,  Cato 
(1713). 

I'll  conceal 
My  thoughts  In  passion,  'tis  the  surest  way. 
I'll  bellow  out  for  Rome  and  for  my  country, 
And  mouth  at  Ctesar  till  I  shake  the  senate. 
Vour  cold  hypocrisy's  a  sude  device, 
A  worn-out  trick. 

Act  I.  1. 

Sena'nus  (St.),  the  saint  who  fled 
to  the  island  of  Scattery,  and  resolved 
that  no  woman  should  ever  step  upon  the 
isle.  An  angel  led  St.  Can'ara  to  the 
isle,  but  Senanus  refused  to  admit  her. — 
T.  Moore,  Irish  Melodies  ("St.  Senanus 
and  the  Lady,"  1814). 

Sen'eca  (The  Christian),  bishop  Hall 
of  Norwich  (1571-105(5). 


Sene'na  (3  syl.),  a  Welsh  maiden  in 
love  with  Car'adoc.  She  dressed  in  boy's 
clothes,  and,  under  the  assumed  name  of 
Mervyn,  became  the  page  of  the  princess 
Goervyl,  that  she  might  follow  her  lover 
to  America,  when  Madoc  colonized  Caer- 
Madoc.  Senena  was  promised  in  mar- 
riage to  another  ;  but  when  the  wedding 
day  arrived  and  all  was  ready,  the  brid« 
was  nowhere  to  be  found. 

.  .  .  she  doffed 
Her  bridal  robes,  and  dipt  her  golden  locks, 
And  put  on  boy's  attire,  thro'  wood  and  wil<* 
To  seek  her  own  true  love  ;  and  over  sea, 
Forsaking  all  for  him,  she  followed  him. 

Southey,  Madoc,  ii.  23  (1803). 

Sennac'herib,  called  by  the  Orien- 
tals king  Moussal. — D'Herbelot,  Notes  to 
the  Koran  (seventeenth  century). 

Sennamar,  a  very  skilful  architect 
who  built  at  Hirah,  for  N6man-al-A6uar 
king  of  Hirah,  a  most  magnificent  palace. 
In  order  that  he  might  not  build  another 
equal  or  superior  to  it  for  some  other 
monarch,  Noman  cast  him  headlong  from 
the  highest  tower  of  the  building.— 
D'Herbelot,  Bibliotheque  Orientate  (1697). 

%*  A  parallel  tale  is  told  of  Neim'- 
heid  (2  syl.),  who  employed  four  archi- 
tects to  build  for  him  a  palace  in  Ireland, 
and  then,  jealous  lest  they  should  build 
one  like  it  or  superior  to  it  for  another 
monarch,  he  had  them  all  privately  put 
to  death. — O'Halloran,  History  of  Ireland. 

Sensitive  (Lord),  a  young  nobleman 
of  amorous  proclivities,  who  marries 
Sabina  Rosny,  a  French  refugee,  in 
Padua,  but  leaves  her,  more  from  reck- 
lessness than  wickedness.  He  comes  to 
England  and  pays  court  to  lady  Ruby, 
a  rich  young  widow ;  but  lady  Ruby 
knows  of  his  marriage  to  the  young 
French  girl,  and  so  hints  at  it  that  his 
lordship,  who  is  no  libertine,  and  has  a 
great  regard  for  his  honour,  sees  that  his 
marriage  is  known,  and  tells  lady  Ruby 
he  will  start  without  delay  to  Padua, 
and  bring  his  young  wife  home.  This, 
however,  was  not  needful,  as  Sabina  was 
at  the  time  the  guest  of  lady  Ruby. 
She  is  called  forth,  and  lord  Sensitive 
openly  avows  her  to  be  his  wife. — Cum- 
berland, First  Love  (1796). 

Sentimental  Journey  (The),  by 
Laurence  Sterne  (1768).  It  was  intended 
to  be  sentimental  sketches  of  his  tour 
through  Italy  in  1764,  but  he  died  soon 
after  completing  the  first  part.  The 
tourist  lands  at  Calais,  and  the  first 
incident  is  his  interview  with  a  poor 
monk  of  St.   Francis,  who  begged  alms 


SENTIMENTAL  JOURNEY. 


8X9 


SKUA  SKI  KM. 


for  his  convent.  Sterne  refused  to  give 
anything,  but  his  heart  smote  him  for  his 
churlishness  to  the  meek  old  man.  From 
Calais  he  goea  to  liontriul  (Montreuil- 
sur-Mer),  and  thence  to  Nampont,  near 
Cressy.  Here  occurred  the  incident,  which 
is  one  of  the  must  touching  of  all  the 
sentimental  sketches,  that  of  "The  Dead 
Ass."  His  next  stage  was  Amiens,  and 
thence  to  Paris.  While  Looking  at  the 
Bastille,  he  heard  a  voice  crying,  "1  can't 
get  out!  1  cant  get  oat!"  He  thought 
it  was  a  child,  hut  it  was  only  a  caged 
rtarling.  This  led  him  to  reflect  on  the 
delights  of  liberty  and  miseries  of  cap- 
tivity. Giving  reins  to  his  fancy,  he 
imagefl  to  himself  a  prisoner  who  for 
thirty  years  had  been  confined  in  a  dun- 
geon, during  all  which  time  ;i  lie  had 
seen  no  sun,  no  moon,  nor  had  the  voice 
of  kinsman  breathed  through  his  lattice." 
Carried  away  by  his  feelings,  he  burst 
into  tears,  for  he  "could  not  sustain  the 
picture  of  confinement  which  his  fancy 
had  drawn."  While  at  Paris,  our  tourist 
visited  Versailles,  and  introduces  an  in- 
cident which  he  had  witnessed  some  years 
previously  at  Rennes,  in  Brittany.  It 
wa\s  that  of  a  marquis  reclaiming  his 
sword  and  "  patent  of  nobility."  Any 
nobleman  in  France  who  engaged  in 
trade,  forfeited  his  rank  ;  but  there  was 
a  law  in  Brittany  that  a  nobleman  of 
reduced  circumstances  might  deposit  his 
sword  temporarily  with  the  local  magis- 
tracy, and  if  better  times  dawned  upon 
him,  he  might  reclaim  it.  .Sterne  was 
present  at  one  of  these  interesting  cere- 
monies. A  marquis  had  laid  down  his 
Bword  to  mend  his  fortune  by  trade,  and 
after  a  suecessful  career  at  Marti nico  for 
twenty  years,  returned  home,  and  re- 
Claimed  it.  On  receiving  his  deposit  from 
the  president,  he  drew  it  slowly  from  the 
scabbard,  and,  observing  a  Bpol  of  rust 
near  the  point,  dropped  a  tear  on  it.  As 
he  wipeil  the  blade  io\  Lngly,  he  remarked, 
"I   shall    find    some   other   way   to   get,  it 

oil."  Returning  to  Paris,  our  tourist 
starts  for  July;  but  the  book  ends  with 
his  arrival  at  Bloulines  (Moulins).     Some 

half  a  league  from  t  his  city  he  encountered 

Maria,  whose  pathetic  story  had  been 
told  him  by  Mr.  Shandy.  She  had  lost 
her  goat  when  Sterne  saw  her,  but  had 
instead  a  little  dog  named  Silvio,  led  by 
a  string.  She  was  sitting  under  a  poplar, 
playing  on  a  pipe  her  vespers  to  the 
Virgin,  l'oor  Maria  had  been  crossed  in 
love,  or,  to  speak  more  strictly,  the  cure 
of  Moulines  had  forbidden  her  banns,  and 
88 


the  maiden  lost  her  reason.     Her  storv  is 

itely  told,  and  Sterne  says,  "Could 

the  traces  i„-  ever  worn  out  of  her  brain, 

and  tlh.se  of  Eliza  out  of  mine,  she  should 

llj  eat  ..f  my  bread  and  drink  .>f  my 
cup,  but    .Maria  should   lie   in   my  bosom, 

and  be  unto  me  as  a  daughter." 

Sentinel  and    St.  Paul's  Clock 
( 7'/ej.    '1  he  sentinel  condemned  t 
by  court-martial  for  railing  asleep  on  his 
watch,  but  pardoned  because  he  affirmed 

that  he  heard  St.  Paul's  clock  strike 
thirteen  instead  id'  twelve,  was  John 
Hatfield,  who  died  at  the  age  of  102, 
June,  177o. 

Sentry  (Captain),  one  of  the  members 
of    the   club    under    whose   auspices   the 

Spectator  was  professedly  issued. 

September  Massacre  {The),  the 
slaughter  of  loyalists  confined  in  the 
Abbaye.  This  massacre  took  place  in 
Paris  between  September  2  and  5,  L792, 
on  receipt  of  the  news  of  the  capture  of 
Verdun.  The  number  of  victims  was 
not  less  than  1200,  and  some  place  it  as 
high  as  4000. 

September  the  Third  was  Crom- 
well's day.    (>n  September  8,   1650,  he 

won    the    battle    of     Dunbar.     On 
tember  3,    1651,    he   won   the   batl 
Worcester.     On   September  3,   1658,    he 
died. 

Serab,  the  Arabic  word  for  the   Fata 
mnrijan-i.— See  (>uintus  Curtius,  7 
.1       mdri,  vii. 

The  Arabic  WOtfd  Sent*  signifies  tli.it  false  appearance 
whlcbi  in  Eastern  countries,  i*  often  seen  in  mi 
about  noon,  resembling  a  large  lake  of  water  In 
It  is  occasioned  by  tin-  rererberatlon  of  the  sunbeams. 
It  sometimes  templa  toll 

Ives  tin -in  when  the]  come  near,  eltl  * 

forward  or  quite  vanishing. — Bale,  .<(  aTordm,  Bdr.  notaa. 

Tlio  arli.nu  of  BBbaliWOT   are  like   Uie  sen 
plain;  he  who  is  tiHr^t)  takas  it  for  watar,  and  finds  it 
deceit— J 1  Kurdn. 

Seraphic  Doctor  {The),  St.] 

Ventura,     placid     by      I  "ante    among     tha 

saints  of  his  Paradiao  (1221-  i 

Seraphic  Saint  {The),  St.  Francis 
d'Assisi  [\  182-1226). 

or  all  tl>.'  .mi'  si  I  r.uicts  was  the  most  blameless  an4 
gcnUe. — Dean  Miluuiu. 

Seraphina  Arthuret  (Miss),  a 
papist,  lb  r  sister  is  Miss  Angelica 
Arthuret.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Redgauntlet 
(time,  I "■•  rge  ill.). 

Sera'pis,  an  Egyptian  deity,  sym- 
bolizing the  Nile,  and  fertility  in  general. 

Soraskicr'  (3  tyl.),  a  name  given  by 


SERB. 


890 


SERPENT. 


the  Turks  to  a  general  of  division, 
generally  a  pacha  with  two  or  three 
tails.  (Persian,  seri  askcr,  "head  of  the 
arm}'.") 

.  .      three  thousand  Moslems  perished  here. 
And  sixteen  bayonet*  pierced  the  acntskier. 

Byron,  Don  Jtian,  viii.  81  (1824). 

Serb,  a  Servian  or  native  of  Servia. 

Serbo'nian  Bog  (The).  Serbon 
was  a  lake  a  thousand  miles  in  compass, 
between  mount  Ca'sius  and  the  city  of 
Damietta,  one  of  the  eastern  mouths  of 
the  Nile.  The  Serbonian  Bog  was  sur- 
rounded on  all  sides  by  hills  of  loose 
sand,  and  the  sand,  carried  into  it  by  high 
winds,  floated  on  the  surface,  and  looked 
like  a  solid  mass.  Herodotos  (Greek 
History,  ii.  6)  tells  us  that  whole  armies, 
deceived  by  the  appearance,  have  been 
engulfed  in'the  bog.  (See  also  Diodo'rua 
Siculus,  Bibliotheca  Ilistona,  i.  35 ;  and 
I.ucan's  I'harsalia,  viii.  539.) 

A  gulf  profound  as  that  Serbonian  Hog 
Betwixt  Dainiala  (3  tyl.)  and  mount  Casing  old. 
Where  armies  whole  have  sunk. 

Milton,  faradite  Lou,  ii.  592,  etc  (1665). 

Diodorus  Siculus  (Bibliotlicca  Historia, 
i.  3d)  says:  "  Many,  missing  their  way, 
have  been  swallowed  up  in  this  bog, 
together  with  whole  armies."  Dr.  Smith 
saya  :  "  When  Darius  Crehus  was  on  his 
May  to  Egypt,  this  bog  was  the  scene  of 
at  hast  a  partial  destruction  of  the  Persian 
army"  (Classical  Dictionary,  art.  "  Ser- 
bonis  Lacus"). 

Sereme'nes  (4  syl.),  brother-in-law 
of  king  Sardanapulus,  to  whom  he  en- 
trusts his  signet-ring  to  put  down  the 
rebellion  headed  by  Arbacos  the  Mede 
and  PclCsis  the  Chaldean  soothsayer. 
SercmenOs  was  slain  in  a  battle  with  the 
insurgents. — Byron,  Sardaiutpalus  (1819). 

Sere'na,  allured  by  the  mildness  of 
the  weather,  went  into  the  fields  to  gather 
wild  flowers  for  a  garland,  when  she  was 
attacked  by  the  Blatant  Beast,  who 
carried  her  off  in  its  mouth.  Her  cries 
attracted  to  the  spot  sir  Calidore,  who 
compelled  the  beast  to  drop  its  prey. — 
Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  vi.  3  (1596). 

Serendib,  now  called  Ceylon.  When 
Adam  and  Eve  were  cast  down  from 
paradise,  Adam  fell  on  the  isle  of  Seren- 
dib, and  Eve  near  Joddah,  in  Arabia. 
After  the  lapse  of  200  years,  Adam  joined 
Eve,  and  lived  in  Ceylon. 

Wc  passed  several  islands,  amongst  others  the  Island  of 
Kells.  distant  about  ten  days'  sail  from  that  of  Serendib  — 
Arabian  Xiijhu  ("  Slndbad,"  sixth  voyage). 

%*  A  print  <>f  Adam's  foot  is  shown 
jo  Piio  de  Adam,  in  the  island  of  Seren- 


dib or  Ceylon.  According  to  the  Koran, 
the  garden  of  Eden  was  not  on  our  eartn 
at  all,  but  in  the  seventh  heaven. — Ludo- 
vico  Marracci,  Al  Koran,  24  (1698). 

Sergis  (Sir),  the  attendant  on  Irena. 
He  informs  sir  Artegal  that  Irena  is  the 
captive  of  Grantorto,  who  has  sworn  to 
take  her  life  within  ten  days,  ttnless  some 
knight  will  volunteer  to  be  her  cham- 
pion, and  in  single  combat  prove  her 
innocent  of  the  crime  laid  to  her  charge. 
— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  11  (1596). 

Sergms,  a  Nestorian  monk,  said  to 
be  the  same  as  Boheira,  who  resided  at 
Bosra,  in  Syria.  This  monk,  we  are  told, 
helped  Mahomet  in  writing  the  Koran. 
Si  mie  say  it  was  Said  or  Felix  Boheira. 

Bohoira's  name,  in  the  books  of  Christians,  Is  Sergius. 
— MaaudJ,  llittory,  34  (A.D.  »56). 

Serian  Worms,  silkworms  from 
Serlcum  (China),  the  country  of  the 
Seres;  hence,  serlca  testis,  "a silk  dress." 

No  Serian  worms  he  knows,  that  with  their  thread 
Draw  out  their  silken  lives;  nor  silken  pride  ; 

His  lambs'  warm  Heeec  well  fits  his  little  need, 
Not  in  that  proud  Sidonian  tincture  dyed. 

1'hin.  Fletcher,  The  I'urplc  JUand,  xii.  (1833). 

Serimner,  the  wild  boar  whose  lard 
fed  the  vast  multitude  in  Einheriar,  the 
hall  of  Odin.  Though  fed  on  daily,  the 
boar  never  diminished  in  size.  Odin 
himself  gave  his  own  portion  of  the  lard 
to  his  two  wolves  Geri  and  Freki. — ■ 
Scandinavian  Mythology .  (See  Rusticus's 
Pig,  p.  852.) 

Seri'na,  daughter  of  lord  Acasto, 
plighted  to  Chamont  (the  brother  of 
Sionimia  "the  orphan"). — Otway,  TI& 

Orphan  (1680). 

Seriswattee,  the  Janus  of  Hindft 
mythology. 

Serpent  (.4),  emblem  of  the  tribe  ot 
Dan.  In  the  old  church  at  Totness  is 
a  stone  pulpit  divided  into  compartments, 
containing  shields  decorated  with  the 
several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  of 
which  this  is  one. 

Dan  shall  be  a  serpent  by  the  way,  an  adder  in  the 
path,  that  biteth  the  horse's  heels,  so  that  his  rider  shall 
fall  backward. — (fen.  xlix.  17. 

Serpent  (African).  (For  Lucan's  list, 
see  under  Phaksalia.) 

The  Serpent  and  Satan.  There  is  an 
Arabian  tradition  that  the  devil  begged 
all  the  animals,  one  after  another,  to 
carry  him  into  the  garden,  that  he  might 
speak  to  Adam  and  Eve,  but  they  all 
refused  except  the  serpent,  who  took  hira 
between  two  of  its  teeth.  It  was  then 
the  most   beautiful   of    all  the    animals. 


SERPENT  D'lSAIUT. 


891         SEVEN  CHAMPIONS,  ETC. 


and  walked  upon  legs  and  feet. — Masudi, 
History,  11  (a.d.  9 

'The      Serpent's       Punishment.       The 

Enniahment  of  the  serpent  for  tempting 
We  was  this:  (l)  Michael  was  com- 
manded to  cut  off  its  logs;  and  (2)  the 
Berpent  was  doomed  to  feed  on  human 
excrements  ever  after. 

Y  llamo  [/M'wja  la  scrpiente.  J  a  Michael,  aquel  que 
tienu  la  espada  de  Dios,  y  le  dixo;  Aquaata  sicrpe  es 
acelerada,  achate  in  primeta  del  parayso,  y  cortale  lai 
pleroaa,  y  d  qulatere  amiiiiir,  airaatrara  la  rida  por  tiem. 
Y  llmnA  a  Batanaa,  el  qual  vino  riendo,  y  dixole  ;  Pursue 
tu  raprobo  baa  pngw™adfl  a  aqoestoe,  y  l"e  has  in;  im 
Immundoal  Y«>  u.uiero  que  toda  Immundlcte  niyai  >  do 
todoe  -mis  hijos,  en  saiiendo  de  BOB  cuerpos  entre  i-t  tu 
Im.ci,  |i.jh|iic  en  verdad  cllos  baran  penltencte,  y  tu  que- 
uaras  harto  du  iiiiuiuudicia.— Qotpel  of  Ua.rna.biU. 

Serpent  d'lsabit,  an  enormous 
monster,  whose  head  rested  on  the  top  of 
the  Pic  du  Midi  de  Bigorre,  its  body 
filled  the  whole  valley  of  Luz,  St. 
Sauveur,  and  Gedres,  and  its  tail  was 
coiled  in  the  hollow  below  the  cirque  of 
Gavarnie.  It  fed  once  in  three  months, 
and  supplied  itself  by  making  a  very 
strong  inspiration  of  its  breath,  where- 
upon every  living  thing  around  was 
drawn  into  its  maw.  It  was  ultimately 
killed  by  making  a  huge  bonlire,  and 
waking  it  from  its  torpor,  when  it 
became  enraged,  and  drawing  a  deep 
breath,  drew  the  bonlire  into  its  maw, 
and  died  in  agony. — Rev.  \V.  Webster, 
A  Pyrenean  Legend  (1877). 

Serpent  Stone.     In  a  cam  on  the 

Mound  of  Mourning  was  a  serpent  which 
had  a  stone  on  the  tail,  and  "  whoever 
heid  this  stone  in  one  hand  would  have 
in  the  other  as  much  gold  as  heart  could 
desire." —  The  Jilabinojwn  ("J'eredur," 
twelfth  century). 

Served  My  God.  Wolsky  said,  in 
his  fall,  "  Had  I  but  served  my  God  with 
half  the  zeal  I  served  my  king,  He  would 
not  in  mine  age  have  left  me  naked  to 
mine  enemies."  —  Shakespeare,  Henry 
MIL  act  iii.  sc.  2  (1601). 

Samrah,  when  ho  was  deposed  from 
the  government  of  Basorah  by  the  caliph 
Moawiyah,  said,  "  If  1  had  Berved  God 
so  well  as  1  have  xerveil  the  caliph,  lie 
would  never  have  condemned  me  to  all 
eternity." 

Antonio  Perez,  the  favourite  of 
Philip  II.  of  Spain,  said,  "Mon  /.ele 
etoit  si  grand  vers  ces  benignes  puissances 
[i.e.  2'unn]  qui  si  j'en  eusse  eu  autant 
pour  Dieu,  je  ne  doubte  point  tpi'il  no 
m'eut  deja  recompense  de  son  paradis." 

The  earl  of  Gowiuic,  when  in  1684  lie 
was  led  to  execution,  said,  "  If  1  had 
nerved  God  as  faithfully  as  I   have  done 


the  kin;;  [James  IV.],  I  should  not  have 
come  to  this  end."— Spotawood,  //V/i/ry 
of  t/ie  Church  of  Scotland,  ;;.;•_',  ;>.;.;  (1653). 

Service  Tree.  A  wand  of  the 
service  tree  has  the  power  of  renewing 
the  virulence  of  an  exhausted  poison. 
—  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fatr<j  Tate* 
("  Fiorina,"  1682). 

Ses'ame  (3  syl.),  the  talismanic  word 
which  would  open  or  nhut  the  door 
leading  into  the  cave  of  the  forty  thieves. 
In  order  to  open  it,  the  words  to  be 
uttered  were,  " Open,  Sesame!"  and  in 
order  to  close  it,  "Shut,  Sesame!"  Sesaml 
is  a  plant  which  yields  an  oily  grain,  and 
hence,  when  t'assim  forgot  tint  word,  he 
substituted  barley,  but  without  elfect. 

Mr<.  H.ihberfield,  coining  to  a  small  iron  grating.  e»- 
changed  some  words  with  tny  companions,   « 
duced  as  much  effect  as  the  "  <  Ipen,  fin— nifl !  "  of  nunary 
renown.— Lord  W.  P.  Lennox.  Otlwbrltim,  Me.,  I.  53. 

Opening  a  handkerchief,  in  which  he  had  a  sample  of 
sesame,  he  inquired  of  me  how  much  a  lire.,  maaawa  ■  '( 
the  grain  was  worth  ...  I  told  Dim  that,  according  t,.  the 
present  price,  a  large  measure  vai  worth  one  hundred 
drachms  of  silver  .  .  .  and  he  1.:  with  inc.— 

Arabian  Night*  I"  The  Christian  .Merchant's  Story  '). 

Sesostris  {The  Modern),  Napoleon 
Bonaparte  (1769,  1804-1815,  1821). 

But  where  is  he,  the  modern,  mightier  f  ir. 
Who,  born  no  king,  made  monarch!  draw  his  car  • 
The  new  Sesostris,  whose  unharnessed  kings, 
Freed  from  the  bit,  believe  themselves  with  win^. 
And  spurn  the  dust  o'er  which  they  crawled  of  late, 
Chained  to  the  chariot  of  the  chieftain 

Byron,  Aye  of  Bn  tut  [18X1). 

%*  "Sesostris," in Fenclon'sJeYcWiyk', 
is  meant  for  Louis  XIV. 

Set'ebos,  a  deity  of  the  Patagoniana, 

His  art  is  of  such  power, 
It  would  control  my  dams  god  Setebos. 

Shakes|ieare.  7V»«  Tempt*  (ltvr.i). 
The   giants,    when   they    found    themselves    fettered, 
roared  like  bulls,  and  cried  ujion  Betaoos  to  help  them.— 
Eden,  History  of  Travayle. 

Seth,  a  servant  of  the  Jew  at  Aahby. 
Reuben  is  his  fellow-servant. — Sir  \V. 
Scott,  Ivanhue  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Settle  [Eikama),  the  poet,  introduced 
by  sir  \V.  Scott  in    Peverti  of   the  Teak 

(time,  Charles  1 1.). 

Seven  Bodies  in  Alchemy.  The 
Sun  is  gold,  tlir  Moon  silver,  Man  iron, 
Mercury  quicksilver,  Saturn  had,  Jupiter 
tin,  and  Venus  copper. 

The  bodlea  seren,  eek,  tohambearanoon; 

Sol  g"ld  is.  ami  I. una  siher  we  ihrcpc  ; 
M.us  yreii.  Mercuric  cniik.iHcr  wu  clepe; 

Batumus  lead,  ami  Jubitat  is  tin, 
An  I  \  b]  nu  fader  k>n. 

Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tal.t  (prologue  to  " The (.'hauouiief 
Vcniancs  T.Ue."  138S). 

Seven  Champions  of  Chria- 
tendom  ( The) :  St.  George  for  Eng- 
land ;  St.  Andrew  for  Scotland  ;  St. 
Patrick    for    Ireland;      St.    David     fol 


SEVEN-HILLED  CITY. 


892 


SEVEN  SLEEPERS. 


Wales  ;  St.  Denys  for  France  ;  St.  James 
for  Spain  ;  and  St.  Anthony  for  Italy. 

*,,,*  Kichard  Johnson  wrote  The 
Fammis  History  of  the  Seven  Cfuxinpions 
of  Christendom  (1617). 

Seven-Hilled  City  (Hie),  in 
Latin  Uvbs  Septicollis ;  ancient  Rome, 
built  on  seven  hills,  surrounded  by 
Servius  Tullius  with  a  line  of  fortifi- 
cations. The  seven  hills  are  the  Palla- 
tinus,  the  Capitolinus,  the  Quirinalis,  the 
Cadius,  the  Aventinus,  the  Viminalis, 
and  Esquilinus. 

Seven  Mortal  Sins  (Tie):  (1) 
pride,  (2)  wrath,  (3)  envy,  (-1)  lust,  (5) 
gluttony,  ((!)  avarice,  and  (7)  sloth.  (See 
Swvkn  Virtues.) 

Seven  Rienzi's  Number. 

October  7,  Rienzi's  foes  yielded  to  Ills  power. 
7  months  Kienzi  reigned  as  tribune. 
7  years  he  was  ftbeenl  in  exile. 

7  weeks  of  return  saw  him  without  an  enemy  (Oct  7). 
7  wan  the  number  of  the  crown*  the  Roman  convents 
and  Roman  council  aw;irded  him. 

Seven  Senses  (The).  According  to 
Ecclcsiastums,  they  are  seeing,  hearing, 
tasting,  feeling,  smelling,  understanding, 
and  tipeech. 

The  Lord  created  man  .  .  .  and  they  received  the  use 
of  the  live  operations  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  sixth  pliu-e 
He  Imputed  |t"l  them  limliilMllHlllHl.  and  in  the  seventh 
ipeech,  an  interpreter  of  the  cogitations  thereof.— 
Led  in.  xvii.  6. 

Seven  Sisters  (The).  The  window 
in  the  ninth  transept  of  York  Cathedral 
is  so  called  because  it  has  seven  tall 
lancets. 

The  Seven  Sisters,  seven  culverins 
cast  by  one  Borthwiek. 

And  these  were  Borthwick's  "Sisters  Seven," 
And  culu'rins  which  France  had  given. 
Ill  onioned  gift.     The  guns  remain 
The  conqueror's  pix.il  on  r'loddeu  plain- 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Marmion.  It.  (1808). 

Seven  Sleepers  (The).  The  tale 
of  these  sleepers  is  told  in  divers  manners. 
The  best  accounts  are  those  in  the  Koran, 
xviii.,  entitled,  "The  Cave,  Revealed  at 
Mecca  ;"  The  Golden  Legends,  l>y  Jacques 
do  Voragine  ;  the  De  Gloria  Martyrwn, 
i.  9,  by  Gregory  of  Tours ;  and  the 
Oriental  'Tales,  by  comte  de  Caylus 
(1713). 

Miiiiu-s  of  the  S'ven  Sleepers.  Gregory 
of  'lours  says  their  nanus  were  :  Con- 
stant me,  Dionysius,  John,  IWaximian, 
MalchuB,  Martini. in  or  Mareian,  and 
Berapion.  In  the  Oriental  Fedes  the 
names  given  arc:  Jcmlikha,  Mekohilinia, 
Mechlima,  Merlima,  Debermoueh,  t'h.ir- 
nouch,  and  the  Bbepherd  Keschetiouch. 
Their  names  are  not  given  in  the  Koran. 


Number  of  the  Sleepers.  Al  Seyid,  a 
Jacobite  Christian  of  Najran,  says  the 
sleepers  were  only  three,  with  their  dog  ; 
others  maintain  that  their  number  was 
five,  besides  the  dog ;  but  Al  Beidawi, 
who  is  followed  by  moat  authorities, 
says  they  were  seven,  besides  the  dog. 

Duration  of  the  Sleep.  The  Koran 
says  it  was  "  300  years  and  nine  years 
over ; "  the  Oriental  Tales  say  the 
same ;  but  if  Gregory  of  Tours  is  fol- 
lowed, the  duration  of  the  sleep  was 
barely  230  years. 

The  Le/jend  of  the  Seven  Sleepers.  ( 1 ) 
According  to  Gregory  of  Tours.  Gregory 
says  they  were  seven  noble  youths  of 
Ephesus,  who  fled  in  the  Decian  per- 
secution to  a  cave  in  mount  Celion,  the 
mouth  of  which  was  blocked  up  by 
stones.  After  230  years  they  were  dis- 
covered, and  awoke,  but  died  within  a 
few  days,  and  were  taken  in  a  large 
stone  coffin  to  Marseilles.  Visitors  are 
still  shown  in  St. Victor's  Church  the  stone 
coffin. 

If  there  is  any  truth  at  all  in  the  legend, 
it  amounts  to  this  :  In  a.i>.  250  some 
youths  (three  or  seven)  suffered  martyr- 
dom under  the  emperor  Decius,  "  fell 
asleep  in  the  Lord,"  and  were  buried  in 
a  cave  of  mount  Celion.  In  479  (the 
reign  of  Theodosius)  their  bodies  were 
discovered,  and,  being  consecrated  as 
holy  relics,  were  removed  to  Marseilles. 

(2)  According  to  the  Oriental  Tales. 
Six  Grecian  youths  were  slaves  in  the 
palace  of  Dakianos  (Jjecianus,  Decius). 
This  Dakianos  had  risen  from  low 
degrees  to  kingly  honours,  and  gave 
himself  oat  to  be  a  god.  Jemlikha  was 
led  to  doubt  the  divinity  of  his  master, 
because  he  was  unable  to  keep  off  a  fly 
which  persistently  tormented  him,  and 
being  roused  to  reflection,  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  there  must  be  a  god  to 
whom  both  Dakianos  and  the  fly  were 
subject.  He  communicated  his  thought* 
to  his  companions,  and  they  all  fled 
from  the  Kphesian  court  till  they  met  the 
shepherd  Keschetiouch,  whom  they  con- 
verted, and  who  showed  them  a  cav« 
which  no  one  but  himself  knew  of. 
Here  they  fell  asleep,  and  Dakianos, 
having  discovered  them,  commanded  the 
mouth  of  the  cave  to  be  closed  up. 
Here  the  sleepers  remained  309  years,  at 
the  expiration  of  which  time  they  all 
awoke,  but  died  a  few  hours  afterwards. 
The  Dog  of  the  S  ven  Sleepers.    In  the 

notes   of   the    Koran    by    Sale,    the    dog's 
same    is   Krulim,    kratimcr,   or    Katmir. 


SEVEN  SORROWS  OF  MARY.       893     SEVEN  WISE  MEN  OF  GREECE. 


In  the  Oriental  Tales  it  is  Catnier,  which 
looks  like  a  clerical  blunder  for  Calmer, 
only  it  occurs  frequently.     It   is  on*    of 

the  ten  animals  admitted  into  Mahomet's 
paradise.  The  Koran  tells  us  that  the 
a^g  followed  the  seven  young  men  into 
the  cave,  but  they  tried  to  drive  him 
away,  and  even  broke  three  of  its  legs 
with  stones,  when  the  dog  said  to  them, 
"  I  love  those  who  love  God.  Sleep, 
masters,  and  I  will  keep  guard."  In  the 
Oriental  Talcs  the  dog  is  made  to  say, 
"  You  go  to  seek  God,  but  am  not  I  also 
a  child  of  God?"  Hearing  this,  the 
young  men  were  so  astounded,  they  went 
immediately,  and  carried  the  dog  into 
the  cave. 

The  Place  of  Sepulture  of  the  Seven 
Sleepers.  Gregory  of  Tours  tells  us  that 
the  bodies  were  removed  from  mount 
Col i<m  in  a  stone  coffin  to  Marseilles.  The 
Koran  with  Sale's  notes  informs  us  they 
were  buried  in  the  cave,  and  a  chapel  was 
built  there  to  mark  the  site.  (See 
Slbepbb.) 

The  Seven  Sleepers  turnirnj  on  their  sides. 
William  of  Malmesbury  says  th.it  Edward 
the  Confessor,  in  his  mind's  eye,  saw  the 
seven  sleepers  turn  from  their  right  sides 
to  their  left,  and  (he  adds)  whenever  they 
turn  on  their  sides  it  indicates  great 
disasters  to  Christendom. 

Woe,  woe  to  England  I     I  have  seen  a  visimi : 
The  seven  slecjiers  in  Uie  cave  of  Ebhesus 
Have  turned  from  rhjht  to  left. 

Tennyson,  Harold,  i.  1. 

Seven  Sorrows  of  Mary  ( The) : 
(1)  Simeon's  prophecy,  (2)  the  flight  into 
Egypt,  (3)  Jesus  missed,  (4)  the  betrayal, 
(5)  the  crucifixion,  ((>)  the  taking  down 
from  the  cross,  and  (7)  the  ascension. 
Her  SEVEN  Joys  were :  (1)  the  annuncia- 
tion, (2)  the  visitation,  (3)  the  nativity, 
(4)  the  adoration  of  the  Magi,  (">)  the  pre- 
sentation in  the  Temple,  (t!)  rinding  the 
lost  Child,  and  (7)  the  assumption. 

Seven  Times  Christ  Spoke  on 
the  Cross:  (1)  "  Father,  forgive  them  ; 

for  they  know  not  what  they  do;"  (2) 
"  Tc-day  shalt  thou  be  with  Me  in  para- 
dise;" (3)  "Woman,  behold  thv  son!" 
(4)  "My  God,  My  God,  why  hast  Thou 
forsaken  Me?"  (6)  "I  thirst;"  ((i) 
"  It  is  finished  !  "  (7)  "  Father,  into  Thy 
hands  I  commend  My  spirit." 

Seven  Towers  (  The),  a  State  prison 
in  Constantinople,  near  the  sea  of  Mar- 
mora.     It    stands    at    the   west    of    tlie 

Seraglio. 

Btt  UlL-u  tl.ey  never  tame  to  the  Beran  T OWi  I 

It  iron.  Don  Juan,  r.  1M)    (1820 


Seven  Virtues  (The):  (1)  faith, 
(2)  hop.,     3    charity,  (4)   prudence,  (5) 

just (6)  fortitude,  and  (7)  temperance. 

The  lir.-t  three  are  called  "the  holy 
virtues."     (See  Seven  Moktal  Sins.) 

Seven  Wise  Masters.  Lucien 
the  son  of  Dolopathos  was  placed  under 
the  charge  of  Virgil,  and  was  tempted  in 
manhood  by  his  step-mother.  He  re- 
pelled her  advances,  and  she  accused  him 
to  the  king  of  taking  liberties  with  her. 
By  consulting  the  stars,  it  was  discovered 
that  if  he  could  tide  overseven  days  his  life 
would  be  spared  ;  so  seven  wise  masters 
undertook  to  tell  the  king  a  tale  each,  in 
illustration  of  rash  judgments.  When 
they  had  all  told  their  tales,  the  prince 
related,  under  the  disguise  of  a  tale,  the 
story  of  the  queen's  wantonness  ;  where- 
upon Lucien  was  restored  to  favour,  and 
the  queen  was  put  to  death. — Sandahar, 
Parables  (contemporary  with  king  Cou- 
rou). 

*#*  John  Holland  of  Dalkeith  has 
rendered  this  legend  into  Scotch  verse. 
There  is  an  Arabic  version  by  Nasi 
Allah  (twelfth  century),  borrowed  from 
the  Indian  by  Sandahar.  In  the  Hebrew 
version  by  rabbi  Joel  (1270),  the  legend 
is  called  Kalilahaiul  l>timuih. 

Seven  "Wise  Men  {The). 

One    of    Plutarch's    brochures    in    the 

Moralia  is  entitled,  "  The  Banquet  of  the 
Seven  Wise  Men,"  in  which  Periander  is 
made  to  give  an  account  of  a  contest  at 
Clialcis  between  Homer  and  Hesiod,  in 
which  the  latter  wins  the  prize,  and  re- 
ceives a  tripod,  on  which  he  caused  to  U» 
engraved  this  inscription  : 

This  Hesiod  vows  to  the  Heliconian  nine, 
In  Clialcis  won  from  Homer  the  divine. 

Seven   Wise    Men    of    Greece 

(The),  seven  Creeks  of  the  sixth  century 
B.C.,  noted  for  their  maxims. 

BIAS.  His  maxim  was,  "  Most  men  are 
bad"  ("There  is  none  that  doeth  good,  no, 
not  one,"  PscUm  xiv.  3)  :  Ol  »\ei«>i»v  losoi 
(fl.  B.C.  550). 

CHILO.      "Consider   the    end:"    TtXor 

oyav  fiaK^ou  fitou  (ll.   B.G.  690). 

i'i  kohui.os.  "Avoid  extremes"  (the 

golden  inean) :  "\oiaior  uei,.o»  (ll.  B.C. 
680). 

Periander.  "Nothing  is  impossible 

to   industry"  (patience  and  perseverar.ee 
overcome  mountains):  m«Actii  to  way  (b.c. 
35). 

PittAcos.     "  Know  thv  opportunity  "' 

(sei/.e  time  by  the  forelock):    Kui^o*  •y*£tft 

(B.C.  002  B69). 


8EVEN  WONDERS  OF  WALES.  894 


SEX. 


Solon.  "  Know  thyself :  "  rvs0<  <r«au- 
tiv  (B.C.  638-558). 

ThIles  (2  syl.).  "Suretyship  is  the 
forerunner  of  ruin"  ("  He  that  hateth 
suretyship  is  sure,"  Prov.  xi.  15) :  Eyyia, 

fii/ia  i'arn    (B.C.  636-546). 

First  Solon,  who  made  the  Athenian  laws ; 
While  Chilo,  in  Sparta,  was  famed  for  his  sawi ; 
In  Miletos  did  Thales  astronomy  teach  ; 
Bias  used  in  Priene  his  morals  to  preach  ; 
Cleobulos.  of  Lindos,  was  handsome  and  wise ; 
Mitylene  gainst  thraldom  saw  Pitt&cos  rise; 
Periander  is  said  to  have  gained,  thro'  his  court. 
The  title  that  Myson,  the  Chenian,  ought. 

*„*  It  is  Plato  who  says  that  Myson 
ehould  take  the  place  of  Periander  as  one 
of  the  Seven  Wise  Men. 

Seven  Wonders  ofWales  (The) : 
(1)  Snowdon,  (2)  Pvstyl  Rhaiadr  water- 
fall, (3)  St.  Winifred's  well,  (4)  Overton 
churchyard,  (5)  Gresford  church  bells, 
(6)  Wrexham  steeple  (?  tower),  (7)  Llan- 
gollen bridge. 

Seven   Wonders  of  the   Peak 

i Derbyshire) :  The  three  caves  called  the 
)evil'8  Arse,  Pool,  and  Eden  ;  St.  Anne's 
Well,  which  is  similar  in  character  "  to 
that  most  dainty  spring  of  Bath  ; "  Tides- 
well,  which  ebbs  and  flows  although  so 
far  inland;  Sandy  Hill,  which  never 
increases  at  the  base  or  abates  in  height ; 
and  the  forest  of  the  Peak,  which  bears 
treec  on  hard  rocks. — Drayton  Polyolbion, 
xxvi.  (a  full  description  of  each  is  given, 
1622). 

Seven  Wonders  of  the  World 
(The):  (1)  The  pyramids  of  Egypt,  (2) 
the  hanging  gardens  of  Babylon,  (3)  the 
tomb  of  Mausolos,  (4)  the  temple  of  Diana 
at  Ephesus,  (5)  the  colossos  of  Rhodes, 
(6)  the  statue  of  Zeus  by  Phidias,  (7) 
the  pharos  of  Egypt,  or  else  the  palace  of 
Cyrus  cemented  with  gold. 

The  pyramid*  first,  which  in  Egypt  were  laid; 
Next  Babylon's  garden,  for  Aiu>  til  made ; 
Then  Mausolos's  tomb  of  affection  and  guilt; 
Fourth,  the  temple  of  Dian,  in  Kphesus  built ; 
The  colossos  of  Hhodct,  cast  in  brass,  to  the  sun  ; 
Sixth,  Jupiter's  statue,  by  Phidias  done  ; 
The  pharos  of  Kgypt,  last  wonder  of  old. 
Or  palace  of  Cyrut,  cemented  with  gold. 

Seven  Years. 

Barbarossa  changes  his  position  in  his 
•deep  every  seven  years. 

Charlemagne  starts  in  his  chair  from 
sleep  every  seven  years. 

Ogier  the  Dane  stamps  his  iron  mace 
on  the  floor  every  seven  years. 

Olaf  Redbeard  of  Sweden  uncloses  his 
eyes  every  seven  years. 

Seven  Years'  War  (The),  the  war 
maintained  by   Frederick   II.  of   Prussia 


against  Austria,  Russia,  and  France  (1756- 
1763). 

Seven  against  Thebes  (The). 
At  the  death  of  (Edipus,  his  two  sons 
EteScles  and  Polynices  agreed  to  reign 
alternate  years,  but  at  the  expiration  ot 
the  first  year  Eteocles  refused  to  resign 
the  crown  to  his  brother.  Whereupon. 
Polynices  induced  six  others  to  join  him 
in  besieging  Thebes,  but  the  expedition 
was  a  failure.  The  names  of  the  seven 
Grecian  chiefs  who  marched  against 
Thebes  were :  Adrastos,  Amphiaraos. 
Kapaneus,  Hippomedon  (Arrives),  Par- 
thenopaeos  (an  Arcadian),  Polynices  \a 
Theban),  and  Tydeus  (an  jEulian).  (See 
Epigoni.) 

iEschylos  has  a  tragedy  on  the  sub 
ject. 

Severall,  a  private  farm  or  land  with 
enclosures;  a  "champion"  is  an  open 
farm  not  enclosed. 

T*  e  country  enclosed  I  praise  [severall] ; 
The  other  delighteth  not  me  [champion]. 

T.  Tusser,  Fire  Hundred  Points  of  Good 
Hutbandry,  lUi.  1  (1557). 

Severn,  a  corruption  of  Averne, 
daughter  of  Astrild.  The  legend  is  this : 
King  Locryn  was  engaged  to  Gwendolen 
daughter  of  Corineus,  but  seeing  Astrild 
(daughter  of  the  king  of  Germany),  who 
came  to  this  island  with  Homber  king 
of  Hungary,  fell  in  love  with  her.  While 
Corineus  lived  he  durst  not  offend  him, 
so  he  married  Gwendolen,  but  kept 
Astrild  as  his  mistress,  and  had  by  her 
a  daughter  (Averne).  When  Corineus 
died,  he  divorced  Gwendolen,  and  de- 
clared Astrild  queen,  but  Gwendolen 
summoned  her  vassals,  dethroned  Loci/n, 
and  caused  both  Astrild  and  Averne  to 
be  cast  into  the  river,  ever  since  called 
Severn  from  Aveme  "  the  kinges  dohter." 

Sex.  Milton  says  that  spirits  can 
assume  either  sex  at  pleasure,  and  Michael 
Psellus  asserts  that  demons  can  take  what 
sex,  shape,  and  colour  they  please,  and 
can  also  contract  or  dilate  their  form  at 
pleasure. 

For  spirits,  when  they  please. 
Can  either  sex  assume,  or  both  ;  so  soft 
And  uncompuunded  is  their  essence  pure ; 
Not  Ued  or  manacled  with  joint  and  limb. 
Nor  founded  on  the  brittle  strength  of  bones. 
Like  cumbrous  flesh. 

Faradiu  Lost,  1.  423,  etc.  (1665). 

Sex.  Caeneus  and  Tire'sias  were  at  one 
part  of  their  lives  of  the  male  sex,  and  at 
another  part  of  their  lives  of  the  female 
sex.     (See  those  names.) 

I  phis  was  first  a  woman,  and  then  a 


SEX  US. 


835 


BGANABELLE. 


man. — Ovid,  Metamorphoses,  be.  12  ;  xiv. 
699. 

Sextus  [Tarquinius].  There  are 
several  points  of  resemblance  in  the  story 
of  Sextus  and  that  of  Paris  son  of  Priam. 
(1)  Paris  was  the  guest  of  Mcnela.09 
when  he  eloped  with  his  wife  Helen  ;  and 
Sextus  was  the  guest  <>f  Lncretia  when 
he  defiled  her.  (2)  The  elopement  of 
Helen  wa9  the  cause  of  a  national  war 
between  the  Greek  cities  and  the  allied 
cities  of  Troy ;  and  the  defilement  of 
Lucretia  was  the  cause  of  a  national  war 
between  Koine  and  the  allied  cities  under 
Por'sena.  (3)  The  contest  between  Greece 
and  Troy  terminated  in  the  victory  of 
Greece,  the  injured  party  ;  and  the  con- 
test between  Rome  and  the  supporters  of 
Tarquin  terminated  in  favour  of  Hume, 
the  injured  party.  (-4)  In  the  Trojan  war, 
Paris,  the  aggressor,  showed  himself  be- 
fore the  Trojan  ranks,  and  dclied  the 
bravest  of  the  Greeks  to  single  combat, 
but  when  Menelaos  appeared,  he  took  to 
flight ;  so  Sextus  rode  vauntingly  against 
the  Roman  host,  but  when  llerminius 
appeared,  tied  to  the  rear  like  a  coward. 
(5)  In  the  Trojan  contest,  Priam  and  his 
sons  fell  in  battle  ;  and  in  the  battle  of  the 
lake  Regillus,  Tarquin  and  his  sons  were 
slain. 

%*  Lord  Macaulay  has  taken  the 
"Battle  of  the  Lake  Regillus "  as  the 
subject  of  one  of  his  Lays  of  Ancient 
Rome.  Another  of  his  lays,  culled 
"  lloratius,"  is  the  attempt  of  PorsSna 
to  re-establish  Tarquin  on  the  throne. 

Seyd,  pacha  of  the  Morea,  assassinated 
by  Gulnare  (2  syl.)  his  favourite  con- 
cubine. Gulnare  was  rescued  from  the 
burning  harem  by  Conrad  "the  corsair." 
Conrad,  in  the  disguise  of  a  dervise,  was 
detected  and  Beized  in  the  palace  of  Seyd, 
and  Gulnare,  to  ell'ect  his  liberation,  mur- 
dered the  pacha. — ISyron,  The  i 
(1814). 

Seyton  (Lord),  a  supporter  of  queen 
Mary's  cause. 

Catherine  Seyton,  daughter  of  lord 
Seyton,  a  maid  of  honour  in  the  court 
of  queen  Mary.  She  appears  at  Kinross 
village  in  disguise. 

Henry  Seyton,  son  of  lord  Seyton. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  About  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Sforza,  of  Lombardy.     He  with  his 

two  brothers  (Achilles  and  Palunu !di  s, 
were  in  the  squadron  of  adventurers  in  the 
allied  Christian  army. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (157.0). 


%•  The  word  Bforza  means  '•  : 
and,  according  to  tradition,  was  derived 
thus  :  Giacomuzzo  Attendolo,  the  son  of  a 
day  labourer,  being  desirous  of  going  to  the 
war-,  consulted  his  hatchet,  resi  Iving  to 
enlisl  if  it  stuck  fast  in  the  tree  at  which 
he  flung  it.      He  threw  it  with  such 

that   the  whole   blade   was   completely 

buried  in  the  trunk  (fifteenth  century;. 

Sfurza  (Ludov'ico),  duke  of  Milan,  sur- 
named  "tli'  More,"  from  mora,  "a  mul- 
berry" (because  lie  had  on  his  arm  a  birth- 
Stain  of  a  mulberry  colour).  Ludovico  was 
dotingly  fond  of  his  bride  Marcelia,  and 
his  love  was  amply  returned  ;  but  during 
hisabse  ice  in  the  camp,  he  left  Frai 
lord  protector,  and  Francesco  assailed  the 
fidelity  of  the  young  duchess.  Failing  in 
his  villainy,  he  accused  her  to  the  duke  of 
playing  the  wanton  with  him,  and  the 
duke,  in  a  fit  of  jealousy,  slew  her. 
Sforza  was  afterwards  poisoned  by 
Eugenia  (sister  of  Francesco)  whom  he 
had  seduced. 

Nina  Sforza,  the  duke's  daughtei  — 
Massinger,  The  Duke  of  Milan  (1622). 

*i,*  This  tragedy  is  obviously  an  imita- 
tion of  Shakespeare's  Othello  (lo'll). 

Sganarelle,  the  "  cocu  imaginaire," 
a  comedy  by  Moliere  (1660).  The  plot 
runs  thus:  Celie  was  betrothed  to  l.elie, 
but  her  father,  Gorglbus,  insisted  on  her 
marrying  Yalere,  because  he  was  the 
richer  man.  (Vlie  fainted  on  hearing  this, 
and  dropped  her  lover's  miniature,  which 
was  picked  up  by  Sganarelle's  wife. 
Sganarelle,  thinking  it  to  be  the  portrait  of 
a  gallant,  took  possession  of  it,  and  I. (lie 
asked  him  how  he  came  by  it.  Sganarelle 
said  he  took  it  from  his  wife,  and  l.elio 
supposed  that  Celie  had  become  the  wife 

Of  Sganarelle.  A  series  of  misapprehen- 
sions  arose   thence:    telle   Supposed   that 

l.elie  had  deserted  her  for  Madame 
Sganarelle;  Sganarelle  supposed  that  his 
wife  was  unfaithful    to  bun  ;    madame 

supposed  that  her  husband  was  an  adorer 
of  Celie;  and  l.elie  supposed  tier 
was  the  w  ile  oi  Sganarelle.  In  time  they 
mel  together,  when  l.elie  charged  Celie 
with  being  married  to  Sganarelle  ;  both 
star.. I,  an  explanation  followed,  a  mes- 
senger arrived  to  say  that  Valerc  was 
married,  and  all  went  merry  as  a  marriage 

peal. 

Sganarelle,  younger  brother  of  Ariste 
('2  syl.)  ;  a  surly,  domineering  brute,  wise 
in  his  own  conceit,  and  the  dupe  of  the 

play.  His  brother  says  to  him,  "toua 
vos   procedes   inspire   up   air  bizarre,  eU 


SGANARELLE. 


896 


SGANARELLE. 


jusques  a  l'habit,  rend  tout  chez  vous 
barbare."  The  father  of  Isabelle  and 
Leonor,  on  his  death-bed,  committed  them 
to  the  charge  of  Sganarelle  and  Ariste, 
who  were  either  to  marry  them  or  dispose 
of  them  in  marriage.  Sganarelle  chose 
Isabelle,  but  insisted  on  her  dressing  in 
serge,  going  to  bed  early,  keeping  at 
home,  looking  after  the  house,  mending 
the  linen,  knitting  socks,  and  never  flirt- 
ing with  any  one.  The  consequence  was, 
she  duped  her  guardian,  and  cajoled  him 
into  giving  his  signature  to  her  marriage 
vith  Valere. 

Malheureux  qui  se  fie  a  femme  ajires  cela  I 
La  meilleure  est  toujours  en  malice  fcconde ; 
C'est  un  sexe  engendre  pour  damnei  tout  le  monde. 
Je  renounce  a  jamais  a  ce  sexe  trompeur, 
Et  je  le  donne  tout  au  (liable  de  bon  co?ur. 

Moliere,  L'cevle  ties  Maris  (1661). 

Sganarelle  (3  syl.).  At  about  63  years 
of  age,  Sganarelie  wished  to  marry  Dori- 
mene  (3  syl.)  daughter  of  Alcantor,  a  girl 
fond  of  dances,  parties  of  pleasure,  and 
all  the  active  enjoyments  of  young  life. 
Feeling  some  doubts  about  the  wisdom  of 
this  step,  he  first  consults  a  friend,  who 
dissuades  him,  but,  seeing  the  advice  is  re- 
jected, replies,  "  Do  as  you  like."  He  next 
consults  two  philosophers,  but  they  are 
so  absorbed  in  their  philosophy  that  they 
pay  no  attention  to  him.  He  then  asks  the 
gipsies,  who  take  his  money  and  decamp 
with  a  dance.  At  length,  he  overhears 
Dorimene  telling  a  young  lover  that  she 
only  marries  the  old  dotard  for  his  money, 
and  that  he  cannot  live  above  a  few 
months  ;  so  he  makes  up  his  mind  to 
decline  the  marriage.  The  father  of  the 
lady  places  the  matter  in  his  son's  hands, 
and  the  young  fire-eater,  armed  with  two 
iswords,  goes  at  once  to  the  old  fiance,  and 
begs  him  to  choose  one.  When  Sganarelle 
declines  to  fight,  the  young  man  beats  him 
soundly,  and  again  bids  him  choose  a 
sword.  After  two  or  three  good  beatings, 
Sganarelle  consents  to  the  marriage 
"  force"." — Moliere,  Le  Manage  Force' 
(1664). 

(There  is  a  supplement  to  this  comedy 
by  the  same  author,  entitled  Sganarelle  ou 
Le  Cocu  Irnaginaire.) 

***  This  joke  about  marrying  is  bor- 
rowed from  Rabelais,  I'antagruel,  iii.  35, 
etc.  Panurge  asks  Trouillogan  whether 
he  would  advise  him  to  marry.  The  sage 
says,  "  No."  "  But  I  wish  to  do  so,"  says 
the  prince.  "Then  do  so,  by  all  means," 
says  the  sage.  "  Which,  then,  would  you 
advise?"  asks  Panurge.  "Neither,"  says 
Trouillogan.  "But,"  says  Panurge,  "that 
is  not  possible."     "Then  both,"  says  the 


sage.  After  this,  Panurge  consults  many 
others  on  the  subject,  and  lastly  the  oracle 
of  the  Holy  Bottle. 

The  plot  of  Moliere' s  comedy  is  founded 
on  an  adventure  recorded  of  the  count  of 
Grammont  (q.v.).  The  count  had  pro- 
mised marriage  to  la  belle  Hamilton,  but 
deserted  her,  and  tried  to  get  to  France. 
Being  overtaken  by  the  two  brothers  of 
the  lady,  they  clapped  their  hands  on 
their  swords,  and  demanded  if  tha  count 
had  not  forgotten  something  or  left  some- 
thing behind.  "True,"  said  the  count; 
"  I  have  forgotten  to  marry  jrour  sister  ; 
and  returned  with  the  two  brothers  to 
repair  this  oversight. 

Sganarelle,  father  of  Lucinde.  Anxious 
about  his  daughter  because  she  has  lost 
her  vivacity  and  appetite,  he  sends  for 
four  physicians,  who  retire  to  consult 
upon  the  case,  but  talk  only  on  indifferent 
topics.  When  Sganarelle  asks  the  result 
of  their  deliberation,  they  all  differ,  both 
in  regard  to  the  disease  and  the  remedy 
to  be  applied.  Lisette  (the  lady's  maid) 
sends  for  Clitandre,  the  lover,  who  comes 
disguised  as  a  quack  doctor,  tells  Sgana- 
relle that  the  young  lady's  disease  must 
be  acted  on  through  the  imagination,  and 
prescribes  a  mock  marriage.  Sganarelle 
consents  to  the  experiment,  butClitandre's 
assistant  being  a  notary,  the  mock  mar- 
riage proves  to  be  a  real  one. — Moliere, 
L 'Amour  Me'decin  (1665). 

Sganarelle,  husband  of  Martine.  He  ia 
a  faggot-maker,  and  has  a  quarrel  with 
his  wife,  who  vows  to  be  even  with  him 
for  striking  her.  Valere  and  Lucas  (two 
domestics  of  Ge'ronte)  ask  her  to  direct 
them  to  the  house  of  a  noted  doctor.  She 
sends  them  to  her  husband,  and  tells  them 
he  is  so  eccentric  that  he  will  deny  being 
a  doctor,  but  they  must  beat  him  well. 
So  they  find  the  faggot-maker,  whom 
they  beat  soundly,  till  he  consents  to 
follow  them.  He  is  introduced-to  Lucinde, 
who  pretends  to  be  dumb,  but,  being  a 
shrewd  man,  he  soon  finds  out  that  the 
dumbness  is  only  a  pretence,  and  takes 
with  him  Le'andre  as  an  apothecar)', 
The  two  lovers  understand  each  other, 
and  Lucinde  is  rapidly  cured  with  "  pills 
matrimoniac."  —  Moliere,  Le  Me'decin 
Malgre'  Ia*  (1666). 

%*  Sganarelle,  being  asked  by  the 
father  what  he  thinks  is  the  matter  with 
Lucinde,  replies,  "  Entendez-vous  le 
Latin?"  "En  aucune  facon,"  says  Ge'- 
ronte. "Vous  n'entendez  point  le  Ijatin?" 
"  Non,  monsieur."    "That  is  a  sad  pity." 


SGANABELLE. 


N? 


SHAH. 


nays    Sganarelle,    "  for  th>-  COM   may   be 
brielly  state, 1  thu-  : 
CnbricUs    ard    thuram.    catalnmus.    ilnuuljult<-r.     DO* 

,  l»*llllll. 

IVns  Bin 

f^tur/u-n  I  (jllLl  BubetaBttvu  et  edlecflw 

ii.  cl  casua."     "  Wumlerful   man!"   m>s 
the  fillier.— Act  uL 

i  bto  don  .luiin. 
He  remonstrates  with  his  master  on  his 
evil  ways,  but  is  forbidden  sternly  to 
repeal  bis  impertinent  admonitions.  His 
praise  ol  tobacco,  or  rather  suulf,  is 
what  amusing. 

Tabac  est  la  passion  des  hounetea  xeni:  et  i|ui  vlt  um 
•  :  p  l%  dlgne  de  rim. 
ct  purge  Im  oorreaui  bumalna,  mail  encore  U  instnilt  its 
ainee  a  ktvarta,  ct  I'on  svprend  area  IuJ  a  deranlr  bourn  la 
bomme  .  .  .  il  Lnepta  dot  eenUmenta  d*bomi0 
ecux  <|ui  «n  preauoat, — ktouore,  ihm  J  win.  I.  l  (166B). 

S.  G.  O.,  the  initials  of  the  Rev.  lord 
Sidney  Godolphin  Osborne,  of  the  family 
of  the  duke  of  Leeds  ■  letters  in  the  Times 
on  social  and  philanthropic  subjects. 

Shaccabac,   in   Blue    Beard.      (See 

Si    II   '.(ABAC.) 

I  have  seen  strance  sights.     I  have  aten  Wilkinson  plaj 
"Macbeth:"   aUtbra*.  "Othallo:"  Wrench, 
Barnwell;      Bucksu>ne.    "Iago;      Bayner,    "Penrod- 

dock  ;  "  Kfi'loy,  "  Bhjrlock  ;"  l.i.-t "  Borneo  "  and  "Oo- 

tavtan;"    i;.    V.   Cooke,   "MercoUo;''   John   Kemble, 
;"   Edmund    K<- in.  down    in    ■    pantomime; 

Oli-l  C.  Y«kjii«,  "  S1i:l  calilic." — Jiu:urU  of  aSt.Kjc  I  eter.in. 

"Macbeth,"   "Othello."    "  [ago"   (in 
Othello),  "Shylock"(  Merchant  of  ' 
"Borneo"  and    "Mercntio"   (in  Romeo 

n  iv  I  Juliet),  all  by  SI  lakes  |>eare  ;    "George 

Barnwell  (Lillo'a  tragedy  so  called); 
"  Penruddock  "  (in  The  Wheel  of  Fortune, 
by  Cumberland);  "Octavian  (in  Col- 
man's  drama  so  called);  ''Archer"  (in 
The  Beaux'  Stratagem,  by  Farquhar). 

Sliaddai  (Kin/),  who  made  war  upon 
Diaboliu  for  the  regaining  of  Mansoul. — 
John  Bunyan,  The  ll>(:j  War  (1682). 

Shade  (2b  fight  in    the).     Dienecea 

[l>i.en'.-  ..-v.   :  ],     the    Spartan,    being    told 

that  the  army  of  the    Persians  w 
numerous  i  ha  i  their  arrows  would  shut  out 
the  sun,    replied,    "Thank    the  gods!   we 
shall  then  fight  in  the  shade." 

Shadow  (Siiifit),  one  of  the  recruits 
of  the  army  of  sir  John  Falstaff.  "  A 
half-faced  fellow,"  so  thin  that  sir  John 
Bald,  "a  loeman  might  as  we'll  level  his 
gun  at  the  edge  oi'  a  penknife"  as  at 
such  a  starveling.     Shakespeare,  _'  //<  nry 

I  I'.  act  lii.  BC.  "J  i; 

Shadraeh,  Mcshach.and  Al>'  >1- 
nogo  were  cast,    by   tin-  command   of 

Neliuchadne/./.ar,  into  a  In  ry  furnace, 
but.  received  no  injury,  although  the 
furnace   was    made   .so    hot    that  the   hiat 


•ion "    that    took 

them  to  the  furnace.     I'm.  \\\.  22, 

By     Nimrod'S     order,     Abraham      was 

bound  and  I   . 

but  In-  id  from   injury  by  the 

angel  Gabriel,  and  onl;  winch 

bound    him    were    burn'.      \     ■ 

was   the    heat   that   aU  v 

Consumed    thereby.      >.  \    Ji  ir- 

n<il)as,  x.wiii.  ;  and  Morgan,  Biah  rmetan- 

.  i.  •!. 

Shadu/kiam'  and  Am'be-Abad', 

the  abodes  of  the  pen-. 

Shadwell   (Thomas),   the    poet-lau- 
reate, Was  a  L.rreat  drunkard,  and  WS 
to    be    "  round    as    a    butt,  and    liquored 
every  chink  "  (1640    1' 

Besides.  Ills  '  -  .  I  fal.rlc  fllN  the  rj%. 

Ami  leemi  desiKiuil  for  thoughtleai  n 

l>r)den,  M,icntck:i<*  I16M1. 

%*  Shadwell    took    opium,    and 
from   taking   too   large  a  dose.       Hence 
Pope 

Banlowea,  pi  ipUIota  still  t"  Hoskheatli 
Ami  Bbadwell  on  in-  browi 

Ihc  Dtmitad,  ill 

(Bcnlowes  was  a  great  pat  run  of  bid 
poiis,  and  many  have  dedicated  to  him 
their  lucubrations.      Sometimes  the  name 

is  shifted  into  ••  Benevoras.") 

I  ell   (Wapping,    London),   ■ 
ruptioti  of  St.  Chad's  Well. 

Shafalus  and  Proerus.    So  Bot- 
tom the  weaver  calls  ( Sephal 
cris.     (See  tr.i'ii  a  us.) 

Pj/nimui.  Nut  BnafahH  to  1'nx-nui  was  to  true. 
Jhafalna  \j<  Proem .  I  i"  poo, 
Bhnkeepeen,  Mtfotw r  .\,j'.t,  DrwamfUH). 

Shaftesbury  {Anthony  AshU  y  I 

earl  of),   introduced    by    sir    W.   Scott   in 

.  (time,  Charles  II.. 

Shatton     A    /),  one   of  the   pr. 
in     Newgate     with     old     sir     Hildcl.rand 

Osbaldi  -  t    W.   Scott, 

(time,  GeOTgl    I.    . 

ShaftOfl      i  -),    called     "  l  ho 

knight  of  Wilverton,"  a  fashionable 
eavaliero,  nandson  ot  old  Overstitch  the 
tailor,  of  Bolderness.  Sir  Pierck  talks 
in  the  pedantic  style  of  the  Elizabethan 

courtiers.      Sir    \S  .  Soott,    1  ■ 

(time,  Blizabeth). 

i .  tpaech,  like  sir  I'U  rclo  Sh.ifi«in'i  •ophakSM 
,    under  cren   disguise. — Lord 

Shrill  C  The),  a  famous  diamond, 
weighing  86  cants.  It  was  given  by 
Chosroca  oi  Persia  to  the  czar  ol  Ru8sia< 
v.^.  e  I  Iiauonus.) 

3  M 


SHAKEBAG. 


898 


SHAKESPEARE. 


Shakebag  (Dick),  a  highwayman 
with  captain  Colepepper. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Shakespeare,  introduced  by  sir  W. 
Scott  in  the  ante-rooms  of  Greenwich 
Palace. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

***  In  Woodstock  there  is  a  conversa- 
tion about  Shakespeare. 

Shakespeare's  Borne.  He  left  London 
before  1613,  and  established  himself  at 
Stratford-on-Avon,  in  Warwickshire, 
where  he  was  born  (15(14),  and  where  he 
died  (161(5).  In  the  diary  of  Mr.  Ward, 
the  vicar  of  Stratford,  is  this  entry  : 
"  Shukspeare,  Drayton,  and  lien  Jonson 
had  a  merry  meeting,  and,  it  seems, 
drank  too  hard,  for  Shakspeare  died  of 
a  fever  then  contracted."  (Drayton  died 
1631,  and  Ben  Jonson,  1637.)  Probably 
Shakespeare  died  on  his  birthday, 
April  23. 

Shakespeare's  Monument,  in  Westminster 
Abbey,  designed  by  Kent,  and  executed 
by  Scheemakers,  in  1742.  The  statue  to 
Shakespeare  in  Drury  Lane  Theatre  was 
by  the  same. 

The  statue  of  Shakespeare  in  the 
British  Museum  is  by  Roubiliae,  and  was 
bequeathed  to  the  nation  by  Garrick. 
His  best  portrait  is  by  Droeshout. 

Shakespeare's  Plays,  quarto  editions  : 

Romkg  and  Juliet:  1597,  John  Dan- 
ter ;  1599,  Thomas  Creede  for  Cuthbert 
Burby  ;  1609,  1637.  Supposed  to  have 
been  written,  1595. 

King  Richard  II.  :  1597,  Valentine 
Simrnes  for  Andrew  Wise;  1598,  1608 
(with  an  additional  scene)  ;   1615,  1634. 

King  Richard  III.:  1597,  ditto  ;  1598, 
1602,  1612,  1622. 

Love's  Labour's  Lost  :  1598,  W.  W. 
for  Cuthbert  Burby.  Supposed  to  have 
been  written,  1594. 

King  Henry  IV  (pt.  1):  1598,  P.  S. 
for  Andrew  Wise;  1599,  1604,  1608, 
1613.  Supposed  to  have  been  written, 
1597. 

Kino  Henry  IV.  (pt.  2) :  1600,  V.  S. 
for  Andrew  Wise  and  William  Aspley  ; 
1600.  Supposed  to  have  been  written, 
1598. 

King  Henry  V.:  1600,  Thomas  Creede 
for  Thomas  Millington  and  John  Busby  ; 
1602,  1608.  Supposed  to  have  been 
written,  1599. 

Midsummer  Night's  Dream  :  1600, 
Thomas  Fisher;  1600,  Janus  Roberts. 
Mentioned  by  Meres,  1598.  Supposed  to 
have  been  written,  1592. 

Merchant  of  Venice-  1600,  I.  R,  for 


Thomas  Heyes ;  1600,  James  Roberts  \ 
1637.     Mentioned  by  Meres,  1598. 

Much  Ado  about  Nothing  :  1600,  V. 
S.  for  Andrew  Wise  and  William  Aspley. 

Merry  Wives  ok  Windsor  :  1602, 
T.  C.  for  Arthur  Johnson  ;  1619.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  written,  1596. 

Hamlet:  1603,  I.  R.  for  N.  L.  ;  1605, 
1611.  Supposed  to  have  been  written, 
1597. 

King  Lear:  1608,  A.  for  Nathaniel 
Butter;  1608,  B.  for  ditto.  Acted  at 
Whitehall,  1607.  Supposed  to  have  been 
written,  1605. 

Troilus  and  Cressida  :  1609,  G.  Eld 
for  R.  Bonian  and  II.  Whalley  (with  a 
preface).  Acted  at  court,  1609.  Sup- 
posed to  have  been  written,  1602. 

Othello:  1622,  N.  0.  for  Thomas 
Walkely.     Acted  at  Harefield,  1C02. 

The  rest  of  the  dramas  are : 

.4 irt  Well  that  Ends  Well,  1598.  First  title  supposed 
to  be  Love's  Ixibotir's  Won. 

A  ntony  and  Cleopatra,  1C08.  No  early  mention  mads 
of  tins  play. 

As  I'ou  Like  It.     Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall.  16(10. 

Comedy  o/  Errors,  1593.     Mentioned  by  Meres.  1598. 

Coriolanus,  1610.  No  early  mention  made  of  thii 
play. 

Cymbeline.  1605.     No  early  mention  made  of  this  play. 

1  Henry  VI.  Alluded  to  by  Nash  in  fierce  Penniless, 
15U-J. 

■2  Benry  IV.  Original  title,  First  Part  ef  the  Conten- 
Hon,  1594. 

3  Henry  VI.  Original  title.  True  Tragedy  of  Richard 
Duke  of  iurk.  15!>5. 

Henry  VIII.,  1801.     Arteii  at  the  Globe  Theatre,  1613. 

John  [King).  1596.     Mentioned  by  Meres,  1598. 

Julius  Ciesar,  1607.  No  early  mention  made  of  thii 
play. 

Lear,  1605.     Acted  at  Whitehall,  1607.     Printed  1603. 

Macbeth,  1606.     No  early  mention  made  of  this  play. 

Measure  for  Measure,  160B.    Acted  at  Whitehall,  1U04. 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  15U6.     Printed  160-J. 

Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre.     Printed  160H. 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  (f)  Acted  at  Henslow's  Theatre, 
1593.     Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall,  16i>7. 

Tempest,  1609.     Acted  at  Whitehall,  16IL 

Ttmtm  of  Athens,  1609.  No  early  mention  made  of 
this  play. 

Tittts  Andronicus.  153%.     Printed  1600. 

Twelfth   Night.    Acted  In  the  Middle  Temple  Hall. 

ISO*-  .     .. 

rim  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  1595.    Mentioned  by  Mere*. 

159a 

Winter's  Tale,  1604.    Acted  at  Whitehall,  1611. 

First  complete  collection  in  folio  ; 
1623,  Isaac  .laggard  and  Ed.  Blount; 
1632,  16(11,  1685.  The  second  folio  is  of 
very  little  value. 

Shakespeare's  Parents.  His  father  was 
John  Shakespeare,  a  glover,  who  married 
Mary  Anion,  daughter  of  Robert  Arden, 
Esq.",  of  Bomich,  a  good  county  gentle- 
man, 

Shakespeare' $Wif e,  Anne  Hathaway  i  I  i 
Shottery,    some    eight    years    older   than 
himself ;   daughter  of  a  substantial  yeo- 
man. 

Shakespeare's  Children.  One  son,  Ham- 
net,  who  died  in  his  twelfth  year  (158ft- 


SHAKESPEARE  OF  DIVINES. 


899 


SHANDY. 


Two  daughters,  who  survived 
lii  iii,  Susanna,  and  Judith  twin-born  with 
Hamnet.  Both  his  daughters  married 
und  had  children,  but  the  lims  died  out. 
Vol  tit  ire  says  of  Shakespeare:  "Rimer 
had  very  good  reason  to  say  that  Shake- 
speare n'ctiiit  ij'un  liUun  singe."  Voltaire, 
in  1765,  9aid,  "Shakespeare  is  a  savage 
with  some  imagination,  whose  plays  can 

1>lease  only  in  London  and  Canada." 
n  1735  he  wrote  to  M.  de  Cideville, 
"  Shakespeare  is  the  Corneille  of  London, 
but  everywhere  else  he  is  a  great  fool 
(yrand  fvu  d'atlteur).'' 

Shakespeare  of  Divines  (The), 
Jeremy  Taylor  (i613-ll)i;7). 

His  [Taylor't\  devotional  writing!  only  want  what  tliey 
cannot  l»-  said  to  need,  the  name  and  tho  metrical 
arrangement  to  make  them  poetry. — Hebor. 

Taylor,  the  Shakespeare  of  divines. — Emerson. 

Shakespeare  of  Eloquence(  The). 
The  comte  de  Mirabeau  was  so  called  bv 
Barnave  (1749-1791). 

Shakespeare  of  Germany  {The), 
Augustas  Frederick  Ferdinand  von  Koi- 
eebue  (1761-1819). 

Shakespeare  of  Prose  Fiction 
(The).  Richardson  the  novelist  is  so 
called  by  D'Israeli  (1689-1761). 

Shallow,  a  weak-minded  country 
justice,  cousin  to  Slender.  He  is  a  great 
braggart,  and  especially  fond  cf  boasting 
of  the  mad  pranks  of  his  younger  days. 
It  is  said  that  justice  Shallow  is  a 
satirical  portrait  of  sir  Thomas  Lucy  of 
(Jharlecote,  who  prosecuted  Shakespeare 
for  deer-stealing.  —  Shakespeare,  The 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (1596)  ;  and  2 
Henry  IV.  (1598). 

A  wise  as  a  justice  of  the  quorum  and  custolorum  in 
Shallow*!  Uine. — Macaulay. 

Shallum,  lord  of  a  manor  consisting 
of  a  loii^;  chain  of  rocks  and  mountains 
called  Tirzah.  Shallum  was  "of  gentle 
disposition,  and  beloved  both  by  God  and 
•nan."  He  was  the  lover  of  Hilpa,  a 
Chinese  antediluvian  princess,  one  of  the 
150  daughters  of  Zilpah,  of  the  race  of 
Cohu  or  Cain. — Addison,  Spectator)  viii. 
5.H1-5  (1712). 

Shalott  (The  lady  of),  a  poem  by 
Tennyson,  in  four  parts.     l'i.  i.  tells  us 

that,  the  lady  passed  her  life  in  the  island 
of  Shalott  in  great  seclusion,  and  was 
known  only  by  the  peasantry,  l'l.  Li. 
t « - 1 !  s  ns  that  she  was  weaving  a  magic 
veli,  and  that  a  curse  would  tall  on  her 
if  she  looked  down  the  river,  l't.  iii. 
describes  how  sir  Lancelot  rode  to  Camc- 


lot  in  all  his  bravery  ;  and  the  lady 
gazed  at  him  as  In:  rode  along,  l't.  i\. 
tells  us  that  the  lady  floated  down  the 
river  in  a  boat  called  2  taiott, 

and  died  heart-broken  on  the  way.  Sir 
Lancelot  came  to  gaze  on  the  dead  body, 
and  exclaimed,  '"She  has  a  lovely  face, 
and  may  God  have  mercy  on  her  I  "  This 
ballad  was  afterwards  expanded  into  the 
Idyll  called  "  Elaine,  the  Fair  Maid  of 
Astolat"  ('/.i'.),  the  beautiful  incident 
of  Elaine  and  the  barge  being  taken  from 
the  History  of  Prince  Arthur,  by  sir  T. 
Malory  : 

"While  my  body  b  whole,  let  this  letter  he  put  "TV) 
my  right  band,  and  my  hand  bound  hit  with  the 
letter  until  1  be  cold,  and  let  me  be  put  In  ■  fair  '«-d 
with  all  the  richest  clothee  that  1  have  about  me,  and  so 
let  iny  bed  und  all  my  rich  clotnes  be  laid  with  DM  in  » 
chan.it  to  the  next  place  whereas  the  Thamei  la,  and 
Uiere  let  nie  tie  put  in  a  barge,  and  but  one  man  with 
me,  such  as  ye  trust  t.i  steer  me  thither,  and  that  my 
barge  be  covered  with  black  aunlte  over  and  oyer."  .  .  . 
So  when  she  was  dead,  the  corpse  and  the  bed  and  all 
was  led  the  next  wa)  unio  the  fhamea,  and  there  a  m.ii> 
and  the  corpse  and  all  were  put  in  a  bargo  on  the 
Thames,  and  m  the  man  steered  the  barge  to  West 
minster,  and  there  he  rowed  a  great  while  to  und  fro,  or 
any  man  espied.— Pt  iii.  iSS. 

King  Arthur  saw  the  body  and  had  it 
buried,  and  sir  Launcelot  made  an  offer- 
ing, etc.  (ch.  124)  ;  much  the  same  as 
Tennyson  has  reproduced  it  in  verse. 

Shaniho'zai  (3  syl.),  the  angel  who 
debauched  himself  with  women,  re- 
pented, and  hung  himself  up  between 
earth  and  heaven. — Bereshit  rabbi  (in 
Uen.  vi.  2). 

*+*  1 1  arii  t  and  Marut  were  two  angels 
sent  to  be  judges  on  earth.  They  judged 
righteously  till  Zohara  appeared  before 
them,  when  they  fell  in  love  with  hi  r, 
and  were  imprisoned  in  a  cave  near 
Babylon,  where  they  are  to  abide  till  the 
day  of  judgment. 

Shandy  (Tristram),  the  nominal  hero 
of  Sterne's  novel  called  The  Life  and 
Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy,  Gentleman 
(IT.V.i).  He  is  the  son  of  Walter  ana 
Elizabeth  Shandy. 

Captain  Shandy,  better  known  ns 
"  Uncle  Toby,"  the  real  hero  of  Sterne's 
novel.  Captain  Shandy  was  wounded 
at  Naniur,  and  retired  on  half-pay.  Ho 
wag  benevolent  and  generous,  brave  a^  a 
lion  but  simple  as  a  child,  most  gallant 
and  most  modest,  lla/.liu  says  thai 
"the  character  of  uncle  Toby  is  the  finest 
compliment  ever  paid  to  human  nature." 
His  modest  love-passages  with  Widow 
\\  adman,  lus  kindly  sympathy  for 
lieutenant  Lel'evre,  and  his  military  dia- 
CUSSions,  are  wholly  unrivalled. 

Aunt  J 'uuih  [S/uittdy],  Walter  Shandy's 


SHAEP. 

aunt.  She  bequeathed  to  him  £1000, 
which  Walter  fancied  would  enable  him 
to  carry  out  all  the  wild  schemes  with 
which  his  head  was  crammed. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Shandy,  mother  of  Tris- 
tram Shandy.  The  ideal  of  nonentity, 
individual  from  its  very  absence  of  indi- 
viduality. 

Walter  Shandy,  Tristram's  father,  a 
metaphysical  don  Quixote,  who  believes 
in  long  noses  and  propitious  names  ;  but 
his  son's  nose  was  crushed,  and  his  name, 
which  should  have  been  Trismegistus  ( ' '  the 
most  propitious"),  was  changed  in  chris- 
tening to  Tristram  ("the  most  unlucky"). 
If  much  learning  can  make  man  mad, 
Walter  Shandy  was  certainly  mad  in  all 
the  affairs  of  ordinary  life.  His  wife  was 
a  blank  sheet,  and  he  himself  a  sheet  so 
written  on  and  crossed  and  rewritten 
that  no  one  could  decipher  the  manu- 
script.— L.  Sterne,  The  Life  and  Opinions 
of  Tristram  Shandy  (1759). 

Sharp,  the  ordinary  of  major  Touch- 
wood, who  aids  him  in  his  transformation, 
but  is  himself  puzzled  to  know  which  is 
the  real  and  which  the  false  colonel. — 
T.  Dibdin,  What  Next  t 

Sharp  (Rebecca),  the  orphan  daughter 
of  an  artist.  "  She  was  small  and  slight 
in  person,  pale,  sandy-haired,  and  with 
green  eyes,  habitually  cast  down,  but 
very  large,  odd,  and  attractive  when  they 
looked  up."  Becky  had  the  "dismal 
precocity  of  poverty,"  and,  being  engaged 
as  governess  in  the  family  of  sir  Titt 
Crawley,  bart.,  contrived  to  marry  clan- 
destinely his  son  captain  Bawdon  Craw- 
ley, and  taught  him  how  to  live  in 
splendour  "upon  nothing  a  year."  Becky 
was  an  excellent  singer  and  dancer,  a 
capital  talker  and  wheedler,  and  a  most 
attractive,  but  unprincipled,  selfish,  and 
unscrupulous  woman.  Lord  Steyne  in- 
troduced her  to  court ;  but  her  conduct 
with  this  peer  gave  rise  to  a  terrible 
scandal,  which  caused  a  separation  be- 
tween her  and  Kawdon,  and  made  Eng- 
land too  hot  to  hold  her.  She  retired  to 
the  Continent,  was  reduced  to  a  Bohemian 
life,  but  ultimately  attached  herself  to 
Joseph  Sedley,  whom  she  contrived  to 
strip  of  all  his  money,  and  who  lived 
'  in  dire  terror  of  her,  dying  in  six  months 
under  very  suspicious  circumstances. — 
Thackeray,   Vanity  Fair  (1X48). 

With  Beck}  Sharp,  we  think  wo  could  be  good,  If  we 
had  JE5U00  n  year.— Isayne. 

Becky  Sharp,  witli  a  baronet  for  a  brother-in-law,  and 
•n  earl's  daughter  for  a  friend,  felt  the  hoUowness  of 
human  grandeur,  and  thought  she  ma  happier  with  the 
Bohemian  artist*  in  Souo.— 1'he  Sxpriu. 


900  SHEBA. 

Sharp  (Timothy),  the  "lying  valet"  of 
Charles  Gayless.  His  object  is  to  make 
his  master,  who  has  not  a  sixpence  in  the 
world,  pass  for  a  man  of  wealth  in  the 
eyes  of  Melissa,  to  whom  he  is  engaged. 
— Garrick,  The  Lying  Valet  (1741). 

Sharp-Beak,  the  crow's  wife,  in 
the  beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  Fox 
(1498). 

Sharpe  (The  Right  Rev.  James), 
archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's,  murdered  by 
John  Balfour  (a  leader  in  the  covenanters' 
army)  and  his  party. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Old 
Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Sharper  (Master),  the  cutler  in  the 
Strand. — Sir  W.  Scott,  PeverU  of  the 
Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Sharp itlaw  (Gideon),  a  police  officer. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian 
(time,  George  II.). 

Shawonda'see,  son  of  Mudjekeewis, 
and  king  of  the  south  wind.  Fat  and 
lazy,  listless  and  easy.  Shawondasee 
loved  a  prairie  maiden  (the  Dandelion), 
but  was  too  indolent  to  woo  her. — Long- 
fellow, Hiawatha  (1855). 

She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  a  comedy 
by  Oliver  Goldsmith  (1773).  Miss  Hard- 
castle,  knowing  how  bashful  young 
Marlow  is  before  ladies,  stoops  to  the 
manners  and  condition  of  a  barmaid, 
with  whom  he  feels  quite  at  his  ease,  and 
by  this  artifice  wins  the  man  of  her 
choice. 

%*  It  is  said  that  when  Goldsmith 
was  about  16  years  old,  he  set  out  for 
Edgworthstown,  and  finding  night  coming 
on  when  at  Ardagh,  asked  a  man  "which 
was  the  best  house  in  the  town" — meaning 
the  best  inn.  The  man,  who  was  Cor- 
nelius O'Kelly,  the  great  fencing-master, 
pointed  to  that  of  Mr.  Ealph  Fether- 
stone,  as  being  the  best  house  in  the 
vicinity.  Oliver  entered  the  parlour, 
found  the  master  of  the  mansion  sitting 
over  a  good  lire,  and  said  he  intended  to 
pass  the  night  there,  and  should  like  to 
have  supper.  Mr.  Fetherstone  happened 
to  know  Goldsmith's  father,  and,  to 
humour  the  joke,  pretended  to  lie  the 
landlord  of  "  the  public,"  nor  did  he 
reveal  himself  till  next  morning  at  break- 
fast, when  Oliver  called  for  his  bill.  It 
was  not  sir  Ralph  Fetherstone,  as  is 
generally  said,  but  Mr.  Ralph  Fether- 
stone, whose  grandson  was  sir  Thomas. 

Shoba.  The  queen  of  Sheba  or  S.tba 
(i.e.  the  Sabeans)  came  to  visit  Solomon, 


; 


SHEBA. 


901 


SHEFFIELD. 


And  tested  his  wisdom  by  sundry  ques- 
tions, but  affirmed  that  Ids  wisdom  and 
wealth  exceeded  even  her  expectations. — 
1  Kings  x.  ;  2  Chron.  ix. 

No,  not  to  aniwcr,  niailam,  nil  those  hard  things 
Th.it  Bheba  ciuiie  to  iuk  of  Solomon. 

I  .Iiii_\    oil,    7  /..'    iTinrrtS,   \\. 

***  The  Arabs  call  her  name  BaJkis  or 
Belkis ;  the  Abyssinians,  Blacqueda;  and 
others,  Aazis. 

Sheba  (The  qnecn  of),  a  name  given  to 
Mile.  Montreville  (the  Begum  Mootee 
Mahal). — .Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Shebdiz,  the  Persian  Bucephalos,  the 
favourite  charger  of  Chosroes  II.  or 
Khosrou  Farviz  of  Persia  (o90-628). 

Shedad,  king  of  Ad,  who  built  a 
most  magnificent  palace,  and  laid  out  a 
garden  called  "The  Garden  of  I  rem," 
like  "  the  bowers  of  Eden."  All  men 
admired  this  palace  and  garden  except 
the  prophet  lloud.  who  told  the  king  that 
the  foundation  of  his  palace  was  not 
secure.  And  so  it  was,  that  God,  to 
punish  his  pride,  first  sent  a  drought  of 
three  years'  duration,  and  then  the 
Sarsar  or  icy  wind  for  seven  days,  in 
which  the  garden  was  destroyed,  tho 
palace  ruined,  and  Shedad,  with  all  his 
subjects,  died. 

It  is  said  that  the  palace  of  Shedad  or 
Shuddaud  took  500  years  in  building, 
and  when  it  was  finished  the  angel  of 
death  would  not  allow  him  even  to  enter 
his  garden,  but  struck  him  dead,  and  the 
rose  garden  of  Irem  was  ever  after  in- 
visible to  the  eye  of  man. — Southcy, 
Thalaba  the  Destroyer,  i.  (17H7). 

Sheep  (Lord  Bantam's).  These  sheep 
had    tails  id'    sueh   enormous   length    that 

his  lordship  had  go-carts  harnessed  to  the 
sheep  for  carrying  their  tails. 

There  goes  Mrs.   1; labout,  ill tier"!  wife.  .  .  . 

Odious  pun  I  how  she  waddlei  along  with  lier  train  two 
yardj  behind  her  l  Bhe  puti  me  in  mind  of  lord  Bantami 
■beep.— Goldsmith,  Tht  Bee,  ii.  (irsu). 

Sheep  (The  Cotswold). 

Ho  .brown,    nor    sullied    hhu-k,    tlic   hef   or   lag*  doth 

streak,  .  .   . 
{All]  of  tlie  wbltatl  kind,  whoae  browi  »>  woolly  be, 

Aj  men  in  her  fair   heep  i mpUneai  ihould  tea  .  .  . 

A  bod)  lorn:  ami  large,  the  hint...  k.  equal  broad  .  .  . 
And  of  the  Beecj  lace,  the  Hunk  doth  nothing  lack, 
But  ever) where  is  stored,  the  belly  M  the  back. 

Drayton,  I'olyolbivn,  xiv.  (1013). 

Sheep-Dog  (-1),  n  lady-companion, 
who    occupies    the    back    seat     ct'    the    ha- 

rouche,  carries  wraps,  etc.,  goes  to  church 

with  the  lady,  and  "guards   hi  r  from  the 

wolves,"  as  much  as  the  lady  wishes  to 

be  guarded,  but  DO  more. 


"  Rawdnn."  Slid  Becky,  ..."  I  niiut  hare  a  sheep. 
d.*,-  ...  I  mean  ■•>  moral  thephard'i  ion  ...  to  keep 
' in-  wolvai  "ii  in.-"  .  ..panion  1 

Becky  Bbarp  with  a  lb  pep-dog  I  hurt  tliat  good  fun?"— 
Thackeray,  VanUt  IWr,  nnlL     •• 

Sheep  of  the  Addane  Valley. 

In  this  valley,  which  led  to  the  cave  of 
the  Addanc,  were  two  Bocks  of  sheep,  one 
white  and  the  other  black.  When  any 
one  of  the  black  sheep  bleated,  a  white 
sheep  crossed  over  and  became  black, 
and  when  one  of  the  white  sheep  bleated, 

a  black  sheep  crossed  over  .and  became 
white.  —  'lite  Mabinojion  ("  Peredur,' 
twelfth  century). 

Sheep  of  the  Prisons,  a  cant  term 
in  the  French  Revolution  fur  a  spy  under 

the  jailers. — < '.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two 
Cities,  iii.  7  (1859). 

Sheep  Tilted  at.  Don  Quixote 
saw  the  dust  of  two  flocks  of  sheep  coming 

in  opposite  directions,  and  told  Sancho 
they    were    two    armies  -one    Commanded 

by  the  emperor  Alifanfaron  sovereign  of 
the  island  of  Trap'oban,  and  the  other  by 
the  king  of  the  (iaraman'teans,  called 
"  Pentap'olin  with  the  Naked  Arm.'' 
He  said  that  Alifanfaron  was  in  love 
with  Pentapolin's  daughter,  hut  Penta- 
polin  refused  to  sanction  the  alliance, 
because  Alifanfaron  was  a  Mohammedan. 
The  mad  knight  rushed  on  the  flock  "  led 
by  Alifanfaron,"  and  killed  seven  of  the 
sheep,  but  was  stunned  by  stones  thrown 
at  him  by  the  shepherds.  When  Saneho 
told  his  master  that  the  two  armies  were 
only  two  (locks  of  sheep,  the  knight 
replied   that    the    enchanter    Freston    had 

"  metamorphosed  the  two  grand  armies  '' 

in  order  to   show  his   malice. — L'ervante.-, 

/'../;  Quixote,  1.  iii.  1  (1605). 

***  After  the  death  of  Achillr-. 
and  Qlysses  both  claimed  the  armour  of 
Hector.  Tile  dispute  was  settled  by  the 
s.uis  of  Atreus  (2  St//.),  who  awarded 
the  prize  to  Qlysses.  This  so  en 
Ajax  that  it  drove  him  mad,  and  he  led 
Upon  a  flock  of  sheep  driven  at  night  into 
the  camp,  supposing  it  to  be  an   army  led 

by   Ulysses    and    the    sons    of    Aireus. 

When  he  found  out  his  mistake,  he 
stabbed  himself.  This  is  the  subject  of 
a  tragedy  by  Soph'oclfis  called  Ajax 
Mad. 

%*  Orlando   in  his   madness  al 
foul    of   a  flock    of  sheep. — Ariosto,  Or- 
lando  Furioso  ( 1516). 

Sheffield  (The  Bnrd  of),  James 
Montgomery,  author  of  The  H  vnderer  of 

■nl\  lie.  (1771     L854). 


SHELBY. 


902 


SHErHERD-KINGS. 


With  broken  lyre  and  cheek  serenely  pale, 
Lo  1  sad  Alcieus  wanders  down  the  vale  .  .  . 
O'er  his  lo^t  works  let  classic  Sheffield  weep  ; 
May  no  rude  hand  disturb  their  early  deep  ! 
Byron,  Knytish  Bards  and  Scotch  Ueviewcrs  (18(t9K 

Shelby  {Mr.),  uncle  Tom's  first 
master.  Being  in  commercial  difficulties, 
he  was  obliged  to  sell  his  faithful  slave. 
His  son  afterwards  endeavoured  to  buy 
uncle  Tom  back  again,  but  found  that  he 
had  been  whipped  to  death  by  the  villain 
Legree. — Mrs.  Beecher  Stowe,  Uncle 
Tom's  Cabm  (1852). 

Shell  (^4).  Amongst  the  ancient 
Gaels  a  shell  was  emblematic  of  peace. 
Hence  when  Bosmi'na,  Fingal's  daughter, 
was  sent  to  propitiate  king  Erragon,  who 
had  invaded  Morven,  she  carried  with 
her  a  "sparkling  shell  as  a  symbol  of 
peace,  and  a  golden  arrow  as  a  symbol  of 
war." — Ossian,  The  Battle  of  Lora. 

Shells,  i.e.  hospitality.  "  Semo  king 
of  Bhells"  ("hospitality").  When  Cu- 
thullin  invites  Swaran  to  a  banquet,  his 
messenger  says,  "Cuthullin  gives  the  joy 
o!'  shells  ;  come  and  partake  the  feast  of 
Erin's  blue-eyed  chief."  The  ancient 
Gaels  drank  from  shells  ;  and  hence  such 
phrases  as  "chief  of  shells,"  "hall  of 
shells,"  "king  of  shells,"  etc.  (king  of 
hospitality).  "To  rejoice  in  the  shell" 
is  to  feast  sumptuously  and  drink  freely. 

Shemus-an-Snachad  or  "  James 
of  the  Needle,"  M'lvor's  tailor  at 
Edinburgh. —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Wacerley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Shepheardes  Calendar  {The), 
twelve  eclogues  in  various  metres,  by 
Spenser,  one  for  each  month.  January: 
Colin  Clout  {Spenser)  bewails  that  Rosa- 
lind does  not  return  his  love,  and  compares 
his  forlorn  condition  to  the  season  itself. 
February  i  Cuddy,  a  lad,  complains  of 
the  cold,  and  Thenot  laments  the  de- 
generacy of  pastoral  life.  March  :  Willie 
and  Thomalin  discourse  of  love  (described 
as  a  person  just  aroused  from  sleep). 
April:  Hobbinol  sings  a  song  on  Eliza, 
queen  of  shepherds.  May:  Palinode 
(3  s;/l.)  exhorts  Piers  to  join  the  festivi- 
ties of  May,  but  Piers  replies  that  good 
shepherds  who  seek  their  own  indulgence 
expose  their  Bocks  to  the  wolves.  He 
then  relates  the  fable  of  the  kid  and  her 
dam.  June:  Hobbinol  exhorts  Colin  to 
greater  cheerfulness,  but  Colin  replies 
there  is  no  cheer  for  him  while  Rosalind 
remains  unkind  and  loves  Menalcas 
better  than  himself.  July:  Morrel,  a 
goat-herd,  invites  Thomalin  to  come  with 
him  to  the  uplands,  but  Thomalin  renlii  \ 


that  humility  better  becomes  a  shepherd 
{i.e.  a  pastor  or  clergyman).  Aw/ust : 
Perigot  and  Willie  contend  in  song,  and 
Cuddy  is  appointed  arbiter.  September: 
Diggon  Davie  complains  to  Hobbinol  of 
clerical  abuses.  October :  On  poetry, 
which  Cuddy  says  has  no  encouragement, 
and  laments  that  Colin  neglects  it,  being 
crossed  in  love.  November :  Colin,  being 
asked  by  Thenot  to  sing,  excuses  him- 
self because  of  his  grief  for  Dido,  but 
finally  he  sings  her  elegy.  December: 
Colin  again  complains  that  his  heart  in 
desolate  because  Rosalind  loves  him  not 
(1579). 

Shepheards  Hunting  ( TJie) ,  four 
"  eglogues  "  by  George  Wither,  while  con- 
fined in  the  Marshalsea  (1615).  The 
shepherd  Roget  is  the  poet  himself,  and 
his  "hunting"  is  a  satire  called  Abuses 
Strijit  ami  WJtipt,  for  which  he  was  im- 
prisoned. The  first  three  eglogues  are 
upon  the  subject  of  Roget's  imprisonment, 
and  the  fourth  is  on  his  love  of  poetry. 
"Willy"  is  the  poet's  friend,  William 
Browne  of  the  Inner  Temple,  author  of 
Britannia's  Pastorals.  He  was  two  y  ars 
the  junior  of  Wither. 

Shepherd  {The),  Moses,  who  for 
forty  years  fed  the  flocks  of  Jethro,  his 
father-in-law. 

Sink',  heavenly  Muse,  that  on  the  secret  top 
( >f  Orel)  or  of  Sinai,  didst  Inspire 
That  shepherd  who  flr^t  taught  the  chosen  seed, 
"  In  the  beginning,"  how  the  heaven  and  earth 
Rose  out  of  chaos. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost.  i.  (1663). 

Shepherd  {The  Gentle),  George  Gren- 
ville,  the  statesman.  One  day,  in  ad- 
dressing the  House,  George  Grenville 
said,  "Tell  me  where!  tell  me  where  ..." 
Pitt  hummed  the  line  of  a  song  then 
very  popular,  beginning,  "  (Jentle  shep- 
herd, tell  me  where  ! "  and  the  whole 
House  was  convulsed  with  laughter  (1712- 
1770). 

%*  Allan  Ramsay  has  a  beautiful 
Scotch  pastoral  called  The  Gentle  Shep- 
herd (1725). 

Shepherd  {John  Claridije),  the  signature 
adopted  by  the  author  of  The  Shepherd 
of  Banbury's  Rules  to  Judge  of  the  Change* 
of  Weather,  etc.  (17-M).  Supposed  to  lie 
Dr.  John  Campbell,  author  of  A  Political 
Survey  of  Britain. 

Shepherd-Kings  ( The)  or  // 
These  hyksos  were  a  tribe  of  Outlines 
driven  from  Assyria  by  Aralius  and  the 
Shemites.  Their  names  were:  (1)  SAITfts 
or  Sal&tCB,  called  by  the  Arabs  El- We- 
leed,  and  said  to  be  a  descendant  of  Esau 


SIIKPHEKD  LORD. 


903 


SHEVA. 


(v,.n.  1870-1851);  (2)  Bkon,  called  by 
the  Arul»s  Er-Reiyan,  bod  of  El-Weleed 
(h.c.  1851-1811)  ;  (3)  APACHNAS  (B.C. 
1811-1760);  (4)  Apophis,  culled  by  the 
Arabs  Er-Reiyan  II.,  in  whose  reign 
Joseph  was  sold  into  Egypt  and  was 
made  viceroy  (».c.  1750-1700) ;  (5)  Ja- 
nia8  (b.c.  1700-1651);  (<i)  Assetii 
(1651-1610).  The  Ilyksos  were  driven 
out  of  Egypt  by  Amosis  or  Thethmosis, 
the  founder  of  the  eighteenth  dynasty, 
and  retired  to  Palestine,  where  they 
formed  the  chiefs  or  lords  of  the  Philis- 
tines. (Hyksos  is  compounded  of  hyk, 
"  king,"  and  sos,  "shepherd.") 

%*  Apophis  or  Aphophis  was  not  a 
shepherd-king,  but  a  pharaoh  or  native 
rider,  who  made  Apachnas  tributary,  and 
succeeded  him,  but  on  the  death  of 
Aphophis  the  hyksos  were  restored. 

Shepherd  Lord  (The),  lord  Henry 
de  Clifford,  brought  up  by  his  mother  as 
a  shepherd  to  save  him  from  the  ven- 
geance of  the  Yorkists.  Henry  VII. 
restored  him  to  his  birthright  and  estates 
(1455-1543). 

The  gracious  fairy. 
Who  loved  the  shepherd  lord  to  meet 
In  his  wanderings  solitary. 
Wordsworth,  The  White  Doe  of  Rylttone  (1815). 

Shepherd  of  Banbury.  (See 
Shepherd,  John  Clakidge.) 

Shepherd  of  Filida. 

"  Preserve  him.  Mr.  Nicholas,  as  thou  wouldst  a  diamond. 
He  is  not  a  shepherd,  but  an  eleguut  courtier,"  said  the 
cure. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  1.  i.  6  (1605). 

Shepherd   of  Salisbury  Plain 

(The),  the  hero  and  title  of  a  religious 
tract  by  Hannah  More.  The  shepherd  is 
noted  for  his  homely  wisdom  and  simple 
piety.  The  academy  figure  of  this  shep- 
herd was  David  Saunders,  who,  with  his 
father,  had  kept  sheep  on  the  plain  for  a 
century. 

Shepherd  of  the  Ocean.  So  Colin 
Clout  (Spenser)  calls  sir  Walter  Raleigh 

in  his  Colin  Clout's  Conic  Home  Again 
(1591). 

Shepherdess  (The  Faithful),  a  pas- 
toral drama  by  ,)ohn  Fletcher  (1610). 
The  "faithful  shepherdess"  is  Corin, 
who  remains  faithful  to  her  lover  although 
dead.  Milton  has  borrowed  rather  largely 
from  this  pastoral  in  his  Counts. 

Sheppard  (Jack),  immortalized  for 
his  burglaries  and  escapes  from  Newgate. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  carpenter  in  Spital- 
Belds,  and  was  an  ardent,  reckless,  and 
generous    youth.       Certainly    the    most 


popular  criminal  ever  led  to  Tyburn  for 
execution  j  1701    1724). 

%*  Daniel  Defoe  made  Jaok  Sumpard 
the  hero  of  a  romance  in  1724,  and  \V.  11. 
Ainsworth  in  l  339. 

Sherborne,  in  Dorsetshire,  always 
brings  ill  luck  to  the  possessor.  It  be- 
longed at  one  time  to  the  see  of  Canter- 
bury, and  Osmund  pronounced  a  curse 
on  any  layman  who  wrested  it  from  the 
Church. 

The  first  layman  who  held  these  lands 
was  the  protector  Somerset,  who  was  lie- 
headed  by  Edward  VI. 

The  next  layman  was  sir  Walter 
Raleigh,  who  was  also  beheaded. 

At  the  death  of  Raleigh,  James  I.  seized 
on  the  lands  and  conferred  them  on  Car 
earl  of  Somerset,  who  died  prematurely. 
1 1  is  younger  son  Carew  was  attainted, 
committed  to  the  Tower,  and  lost  his 
estates  by  forfeiture. 

%*  James  I.  was  no  exception.  He 
lost  his  eldest  son  the  prince  of  Wales, 
Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  James  II.  was 
forced  to  abdicate,  and  the  two  1'retendcrs 
consummated  the  ill  luck  of  the  family. 

Sherborne  is  now  in  the  possession  of 
Digby  earl  of  Bristol. 

(For  other  possessions  which  cany  with 
them  ill  luck,  see  Gold  OF  Tolosa, 
Gold  of  Nibeltjngen,  Gratsteel, 
Harmonia's  Necklace,  etc.) 

Sheva,  the  philanthropic  Jew,  most 
modest  but  most  benevolent.  He  "  stints 
his  appetite  to  pamper  his  affections,  and 
lives  in  poverty  that  the  poor  may  live  in 
plenty."  Sheva  is  M  the  widows'  friend, 
the  orphans'  father,  the  poor  man's  pro- 
tector, and  the  universal  dispenser  of 
charity,  but  he  ever  shrank  to  let  his  left 
hand  know  what  his  right  hand  did." 
Ratcliffe's  father  rescued  him  at  Cadiz 
from  an  autodafe,  and  Ratcliffe  himself 
rescued  him  from  a  howling  London  mob. 
This  noble  heart  settled  £10,000  on  .Miss 
Ratcliffe  at  her  marriage,  and  left  Charles 
the  heir  of  all  his  property.— Cnmberland, 
The  Jew  (1776). 

%*  The  Jews  of  England  made  up  a 
very  handsome  purse,  which  they  pre- 
sented to  the  dramatist  for  tins  champion- 
ship of  their  race. 

Sheva,  iti  the  satire  of  Absalom  and 
Achitophely  by  Dryden  and  Tate,  is  de- 
signed for  sir  Roger  Lestrange,  censor  of 
the  press  in  the  reign  of  Charles  'I. 
Sheva  was  one  of  David's  scribes  ("_'  Sam. 
xx.  '25),  and  sir  Roger  was  editor  of  the 
Obscritttor,    in   which    he  vindicated  the 


SHIBBOLETH. 


904 


SHILLING. 


court  measures,  for  which  he  was 
knighted. 

Than  Sheva,  none  more  loyal  zeal  have  shown. 
Wakeful  as  Judah's  lion  for  the  crown. 

Tate,  Ab*ilom  and  Achitophel,  ii.  (1682). 

Shibboleth,  the  test  pass-word  of  a 
secret  society.  When  the  Ephraimites 
tried  to  pass  the  Jordan  after  their  defeat 
by  Jephthah,  the  guard  tested  whether 
they  were  Ephraimites  or  not  by  asking 
them  to  say  the  word  "Shibboleth," 
which  the  Ephraimites  pronounced  "  Sib- 
boleth  "  (Judges  xii.  1-6). 

In  the  Sicilian  Vespers,  a  word  was 
given  as  a  test  of  nationality.  Some 
dried  peas  (ciceri)  were  shown  to  a  sus- 
pect :  if  he  called  them  cheecharee,  he  was 
a  Sicilian,  and  allowed  to  pass  ;  but  if 
siseri,  he  was  a  Frenchman,  and  was  put 
to  death. 

In  the  great  Danish  slaughter  on  St. 
Bryce's  Day  (November  13),  1002,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  a  similar  test  was  made 
with  the  words  "  Chichester  Church," 
which,  being  pronounced  hard  or  soft, 
decided  whether  the  speaker  were  Dane 
or  Saxon. 

Shield.  When  a  hero  fell  in  fight, 
his  shields  left  at  home  used  to  become 
bloody. — Gaelic  Legendary  Lore. 

The  mother  of  Cnlniin  remains  in  the  hall.  .  .  .  His 
shield  is  bloody  In  the  hall.  "Art  thou  fallen,  my  fair- 
haired  son,  in  Erin's  dismal  war  f"— Ossian,  Temora,  v. 

Shield  (Point  of  a).  When  a  flag  em- 
blazoned with  a  shield  had  the  point 
upwards,  it  denoted  peace  ;  and  when  a 
combatant  approached  with  his  shield 
reversed,  it  meant  the  same  thing  in 
mediaeval  times. 

And  hehold,  one  of  the  ships  outstripped  Hie  others,  and 
the]  Baw  a  shield  lifted  up  above  the  Bide  of  the  ship,  and 
tin  point  of  the  shield  was  upwards,  in  token  of  peace. — 
The  Statinogion  ("  Branwen,"  etc,  twelfth  century). 

Shield  (Striking  the).  When  a  leader 
was  appointed  to  take  the  command  of 
an  army,  and  the  choice  was  doubtful, 
those  who  were  the  most  eligible  went  to 
some  distant  hill,  and  he  who  struck  his 
shield  the  loudest  was  chosen  leader. 

They  went  each  to  his  hill.  Bards  marked  the  sounds  of 
the  shields.  Loudest  rang  thy  boss,  Duth-uiaruno.  Thou 
must  lead  in  war.— Ossian,  Cat  It-  Lint a,  ii. 

%*  When  a  man  was  doomed  to  death, 
the  chief  used  to  strike  his  shield  with 
the  blunt  end  of  his  spear,  as  a  notice 
to  the  royal  bard  to  begin  the  death-song. 

CalrbAT  rises  in  his  arms.  The  clang  of  shields  is  heard. 
— Ossian.  jf'cmoru,  L 

Shield  of  Cathmor   (The).    This 

shield  had  seven  bosses,  and  the  ring  of 
each  boss  (when  struck  with  a  spear) 
conveyed  a  distinct  telegraphic  message 


to  the  tribes.  The  sound  of  one  boss,  for 
example,  was  for  muster,  of  another  for 
retreat,  of  a  third  distress,  and  so  on. 
On  each  boss  was  a  star,  the  names  of 
which  were  Can'-mathon  (on  the  first 
boss),  Col-derna  (on  the  second),  Ul- 
oicho  (on  the  third),  Cathlin  (on  the 
fourth),  Kel-durath  (on  the  fifth),  Berthin 
(on  the  sixth),  and  Ton-the'na  (on  the 
seventh). 

In  his  arms  strode  the  chief  of  Atha  to  where  his  shield 
hung,  high,  at  night ;  high  on  a  mossy  bough  over  Lunar*! 
streamy  roar.  Seven  bosses  rose  on  the  shield,  the  seven 
voices  of  the  king  which  his  warriors  received  from  the 
wind.— Ossiou,  Temora,  viL 

Shield  of  Gold  or  Golden  Shiki.i.. 
the  shield  of  Mars,  which  fell  from  heaven, 
and  was  guarded  in  Home  by  twelve 
priests  called  Salii. 

Charge  for  the  hearth  of  Vesta  1 
Charge  for  the  Golden  Shield  1 

Stanza  mi. 
Hall  to  the  fire  that  burns  f..r  aye  [of  fatal 
And  the  shield  that  fell  from  heaven  1 
Macaulay.  Layt  of  A  ncient  liome  ("  Battle  of  Uie  Lake 
Kegillus,"  xxxviii.,  1S42). 

Shield  of  Love  (The).  This  buckler 
was  suspended  in  a  temple  of  Venus  by 
golden  ribbons,  and  underneath  was 
written  :  "WnOSKVEB  he  this  Shiki.h, 
Fairs  Amokkt  be  his." — Spenser,  Fairy 
Queen,  to.  10  (1596). 

Shield  of  Rome  (The),  Fabius 
"  Cunctator."  Marcellus  was  called 
"  The  Sword  of  Rome."     (See  Fabius.) 

Shift  (Samuel),  a  wonderful  mimic, 
who,  like  Charles  Mathews  the  eider, 
could  turn  his  face  to  anything.  He  is 
employed  by  sir  William  Wealthy  to 
assist  in  saving  his  son  George  from  ruin, 
and  accordingly  helps  the  young  man  in 
his  money  difficulties  by  becoming  his 
agent.  Ultimately,  it  is  found  that  sir 
George's  father  is  'his  creditor,  the  young 
man  is  saved  from  ruin,  marries,  and 
becomes  a  reformed  and  honourable 
member  of  society,  who  has  "sown  his 
wild  oats." — Foote,  The  Minor  (17G0). 

Shilla^h,  a  wood  near  Ark  low,  in 
Wicklow,  famous  for  its  oaks  and  black- 
thorns. The  Irishman's  bludgeon  is  so 
called,  because  it  was  generally  cut  from 
this  wood. 

Shilling  (To  cut  one  off  with  a).  A 
tale  is  told  of  Charles  and  John  Banister. 
John  having  irritated  his  father,  the  old 
.nan  said,  "Jack,  I'll  cut  you  off  with  a 
shilling."  To  which  the  son  replied,  "  I 
wish,  dad,  you  would  give  it  me  now." 

%*  The  same  identical  anecdote  is  told 
of  Sheridan  and  his  son  Tom. 


SHIP 


905       S II  < )  E  T  BE  MOCKI8H  MA  BE. 


Ship.  The  master  takes  the  ship  out, 
but  the  mate  brings  her  home.  The  reason 
is  this:  <  in  the  first  night  of  an  outward 

passage,  the  starboard  watch  takes  the 
lirst  four  hours  on  deck,  but  in  the  home- 
ward passage  the  port  watch.  Now,  the 
"starboard  watch"  is  also  called  the 
master's  or  captain's  watch,  because  when 
there  was  only  one  mate,  the  master  had 
to  take  his  own  watch  (i.e.  the  starboard). 
The  "  port  watch  "  is  commanded  by  the 
first  mate,  and  when  there  was  only  one, 
he  had  to  stand  to  his  own  watch. 

%*  When  there  are  two  mates,  the 
second  mate  tikes  the  starboard  watch. 

Ship  {The  Intelligent).  L'l/ida  (Frith- 
jof's  ship)  understood  what  was  said  to 
it ;  hence  in  the  Frithjof  Saga  the  son  of 
Thorsten  constantly  addresses  it,  and  the 
ship  always  obeys  what  is  said  to  it. — 
Tegne'r,  Frithjof  Saga,  x.  (1825). 

Ship-Shape.  A  vessel  sent  to  sea 
before  it  is  completed  is  called  "jury- 
shaped"  or  M  jury-rigged,"  i.e.  rigged  for 

the  nonce  (jour-y,  "  pro  tempore") ;  while 
at  sea,  she  is  completed,  and  when  all  the 
temporary  makeshifts  have  been  changed 
for  the  proper  riggings,  the  vessel  is  called 
"  ship-shape." 

Having  been  sent  to  sea  in  a  hurry,  they  were  little 
better  than  Jury-rigged,  and  we  arc  now  being  put  into 
■hip-shape.— Daily  Sews,  August  "3.  1870. 

Ship  of  the  Desert,  the  camel  or 
dromedary  employed  in  "voyages," 
through  the  sand-seas  of  the  African 
deserts. 

...  let  me  have  the  long 
And  patient  swiftness  of  the  desert-ship. 
The  helmleaa  dromedary. 
Byron,    7'Ao  Deformed   Transformed,  L   1  (1821). 

Shipton.  (Mother),  the  heroine  of  an 
aacicut  tale  entitled  The  Strange  and 
Wonderful  History  and  Prophecies  of 
Mother  Shipton,  etc. — T.  Evan  Preece. 

Shipwreck  (The),  a  poem  in  three 
cantos,    by    William    Falconer    (1762). 

Supposed  to  occupy  six  days.  The  ship 
was  the  Britannia,  under  the  command 
of  Albert,  and  boand  for  Venice.  Being 
overtaken  in  a  squall,  she  is  driven  out  of 
her  course  from  Candia,  and  four  seamen 
are  lost  olf  the  lee  main-yardarm.  A 
fearful  storm  greatly  distresses  the  vessel, 
and  the  captain  gives  command  "to  bear 
away."  As  she  passes  the  island  of  St. 
George,  the  helmsman  is  struck  blind 
by  lightning.  Bowsprit,  foremast,  and 
mam-topmast  being  carried  away,  the 
officers  try  to  save  themselves  on  the 
wreck  of  the  foremast.  The  ship  splits 
on  the  projecting  verge  of  cape  Colonna, 


The  captain  and  all  his  crew  are  lost 
except  Arion  (Falconer),  who  is  washed 
ashore,  and  being  befriended  by  the 
natives,  returns  to  England  to  tell  this 
mournful  story. 

Shoe.  The  right  shoe  first.  It  was  by 
the  Romans  thought  unlucky  to  put  on 
the  left  shoe  lirst,  or  to  put  the  shoe 
on  the  wrong  foot.  St.  Foix  says  of 
Augustus : 

Cet  empereur,  qui  gouverna  avec  tant  de  sageMe,  et 
dunt  la  rck-ne  fut  -i  florlssant  rartoll  immobile  et  o.n- 
sierne  lorsqu'  il  lui  arrlvoit  par  mteuda  da  uwiHm  to 
Soulier  droit  au  pied  gauche,  et  le  Soulier  gauche  au  pied 
droit. 

Shoe  Pinches.  We  nil  know  where 
the  shoe  pinches,  we  each  of  us  know  our 
own  special  troubles. 

Lord  Foj'pinijlon.  Hark  thee,  shoemaker,  these  shoe* 
.  .  .  don't  lit  in.-. 

.v/i...' mnkcr.  My  lord.  I  think  they  fit  you  verv  well. 

I.nrd  For.  Tiny  hurt  me  Jus)  below  the  instep. 

Bhovm.  No.  my  lord,  they  don't  hurl  yon  there. 

Lord  Fo)..  I  tell  thee  t h-  y  pinch  me  execrably. 

aho&m.  Why,  then,  m>  lord 

Lord  Fur-  What!  Wilt  thou  persuade  me  I  cannot 
feel? 

Shorm.  Your  lordship  may  please  to  feel  what  you 
think  tit.  l.ut  thai  shoe  does  not  hurt  you.  1  think  1 
understand  my  trade. — Sheridan,  A  Triy  to  Scarborough, 
i.  3  (1777). 

Shoe   in  Weddings.     In    English 

weddings,  slippers  and  old  shoes  are 
thrown  at  the  bride  when  she  leaves  the 
house  of  her  parents,  to  indicate  that  she 
has  left  the  house  for  good. 

Luther,  being  at  a  wedding,  told  the  bridegroom  he  had 
placed  the  husband's  shoe  so  the  head  ol  the  bed,  "afln 

OU'  il  Kit   anisi    la  domination  et   le  gouvernemenL" — 

Michelet,  Life  of  LuVwr  (1S45). 

In  Turkish  weddings,  as  soon  as  the 
prayers  are  over,  the  bridegroom  makes 
off  as  fast  as  possible,  followed  by  the 
guests,  who  pelt  him  with  old 
These  blows  represent  the  adieus  of  the 
voung  man. —  Thirty  Years  in  the  JJarain, 
330. 

In  Anglo-Saxon  marriages,  the  father 
delivered  the  bride's  shoe  to  the  bride- 
groom, and  the  bridegroom  touched  the 
bride  OU  the  head  with  it,  to  show  bit 
authority. — Chambers,  Journal,  June, 
1870, 

Shoe  the  Gray  Goose,  to  under- 
take a  difficult  and   profitless  business. 

John  Skelton  says  the  attempt  of  the 
laity  to  reform  the  clergy  of  his  time  is 

about  as  mad  a  scheme  U  if  they  at- 
tempted to  shoe  wild  geese. 

What  hath  laymen  H  'he,  The  gray  gose  :o  shoe  T 

J.  Skelton,  coiyn  clout  n-wo-ioia). 
%*  "To  shoe  the  goose  "  is  sometimes 
used  as  the  synonym  of  being  tipsy. 

Shoe   the   Mockish  Mare,  shoe 

the   wild    marc,    similar  to   "belling  ths 


SHOES. 


906  SHOULDER-BLADE  DIVINATION. 


caf ; "  to  do  a  work  of  danger  and  diffi- 
culty for  general  not  personal  benefit. 

Let  us  see  who  dare  Shoe  the  mockish  mare. 

J.  6kelton.  Colyn  Clout  (1460-1529). 

***  There  is  a  boys'  game  called 
*'  Shoeing  the  Wild  Mare,"  in  which  the 
players  say  : 

Shoe  the  wild  mare  ; 
But  if  she  won't  be  shod,  she  must  go  bare. 

Herrick  refers  to  it  ( Works,  i.  176) 
when  he  says : 

Of  blind-man's-buffe.  and  of  the  care 
That  young  men  have  to  shooe  the  mare. 

"To  shoe  the  colt"  means  to  exact  a 
fine  called  "  footing  "  from  anewassociate 
or  colt.     The  French  say,  Ferrer  la  mule. 

Shoes  ( I fe  has  changed  his),  "mutavit 
c&Ciceos,"  that  is,  he  has  become  a 
senator,  or  has  been  made  a  peer.  The 
Roman  senators  wore  black  shoes,  or 
rather  black  buskins,  reaching  to  the 
middle  of  the  leg,  with  the  letter  C  in 
silver  on  the  instep. 

( For  several  other  customs  and  super- 
Ht  it  ions  connected  with  shoes,  see  JJic- 
tionary  of  Phrase  ami  Fable,  815-6.) 

Shonou  {The  Reign  of),  the  most 
remote  period,  historic  or  pre-historical. 

Let  us  first  learn  to  know  what  belongs  to  ourselves, 
and  then.  If  we  have  leisure,  cast  our  reflections  Ixick  to 
the  reign  of  Shonou,  who  governed  20,000  jean  before  the 
creation  of  the  moon.— GeldsmiUi,  A  Citizen  of  the 
World,  Ixxv.  (1,50). 

Shoo-King  ( The),  the  history  of  the 
Chinese  monarchs,  by  Confucius.  It 
begins  with  Yoo,  B.C.  2205. 

Shoolbred  (Dame),  the  foster- 
mother  of  Henry  Smith. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Shore  (Jane),  the  heroine  and  title  of 
a  tragedy  by  N.  Rowe  (1713).  Jane 
Shore  was  the  wife  of  a  London  merchant, 
but  left  her  husband  to  become  the  mis- 
tress of  Edward  IV.  At  the  death  of 
that  monarch,  lord  Hastings  wished  to 
obtain  her,  but  she  rejected  his  advances. 
This  drew  on  her  the  jealous  wrath  of 
Alicia  (lord  Hastings's  mistress),  who  in- 
duced her  to  accuse  lord  Hastings  of 
want  of  allegiance  to  the  lord  protector. 
The  duke  of  Gloucester  commanded  the 
instant  execution  of  Hastings ;  and, 
accusing  Jane  Shore  of  having  bewitched 
him,  condemned  her  to  wander  about  in 
a  sheet,  holding  a  taper  in  her  hand,  and 
decreed  that  any  one  who  offered  her  food 
or  shelter  should  be  put  to  death.  Jane 
continued  an  outcast  for  three  days,  win  n 
her  husband  came  to  her  succour,  but  he 
was  seized  by  Gloucester's  myrmidons, 
svnd  Jane  Shore  died. 


Miss  Smithson  [  1800]  had  a  splendid  voice,  a  tall  and 
noble  person.  Her  "Jane  Shore"  put  more  money  into 
the  manager's  pocket  than  ivlmund  Kean,  Macready,  Miss 
Foote,  or  Charles  Kemble. — Donaldson,  Recollection*. 

Shoreditch.  The  old  London  tra- 
dition is  that  Shoreditch  derived  its 
name  from  Jane  Shore,  the  beautiful 
mistress  of  Edward  IV.,  who,  worn  out 
with  poverty  and  hunger,  died  miserably 
in  a  ditch  in  this  suburb. 

I  could  not  get  one  bit  of  bread. 

Whereby  my  hunger  might  be  fed  .  •  . 

So,  weary*  of  my  life,  at  lengthe 

I  yielded  up  my  vital  strength 

Within  a  ditch  .  .  .  which  since  that  daye 

Is  Shore-ditch  called,  as  writers  save. 

A  ballad  in  Fepys's  collection,  Th*  ITes/h, 
LamcnUUion  of  Jane  Sfttr*. 

Stow  says  the  name  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  "sewer-ditch,"  or  the  commoc 
drain.  Roth  these  etymologies  are  only 
good  for  fable,  as  the  word  is  derived 
from  sir  John  de  Soerdich,  an  eminent 
statesman  and  diplomatist,  who  "rode 
with  Manney  and  Chandos  against  the 
French  by  the  side  of  the  Black  Prince." 

Shoreditch  (Duke  of).  Barlow,  the 
favourite  archer  of  Henry  VIII.,  was  so 
entitled  by  the  Merry  Monarch,  in  royal 
sport.  Barlow's  two  skilful  companions 
were  created  at  the  same  time,  "  marquis 
of  Islington,"  and  "  earl  of  Pancras." 

Good  king,  make  not  good  lord  of  Lincoln  "  duke  of 
Bhoredltche. "— The  Poore  Man't  Peticion  to  the  Kingt 
(art.  xvl..  1003). 

Shorne  (Sir  John),  noted  for  his  feat 
of  conjuring  the  devil  into  a  boot. 

To  Maister  John  Shorne, 
That  blessed  man  borne. 
Which  jugelcth  with  a  bote  ; 
I  beschrewe  his  herte  rote 
That  will  trust  him,  and  it  be  I. 

Fantattie  of  Idolatri*. 

Short  -  Lived  Administration 
(The),  the  administration  formed  Feb- 
ruary 12,  17-16,  by  William  Pulteney.  It 
lasted  only  two  days. 

Shortcake  (Mrs.),  the  baker's  wife, 
one  of  Mrs.  Mailsetter's  friends. — Sir  VY. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Shortell  (Master),  the  mercer  at 
Liverpool. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Short'hose  (2  syl.),  a  clown,  servant 
to  lady  Hartwell  the  widow. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Wit  without  Money  (163lJ). 

Shorthouse  (Tom),  epitaph  of. 

trie  Jacet  Tom  Shorthouse,  tine  Tom,  tine  Sheets,  tin. 

Riches; 
Qui  Vizit  sine  Gown,  tine  Cloak.  »im?  Shirt,  tine  Breeches 
Old  London  (taken  from  the  Magna  liritannia). 

Shoulder-Blade  Divination. 

A  divination  strange  the  Dutch-made  English  have  .  .  . 
By  the  shoulder  of  a  rain  from  off  the  right  side  pared. 
Which  usually  they  boil,  the  spade-bone  being  bared- 


SHOVEL-BOARDS. 


907 


SIBYLLA. 


Which  then  the  wizard  takes,  ami  gazing  thereupon, 
Things   long   to  come  foreshows  .  .  .  Scapes  socruUy  at 

home   .    .    . 

Muithers,  adulterous  stealths,  as  the  events  of  war, 
The  reigns  and  deaths  of  kings,  .  ,  .  etc. 

Drayton.  I'olyolbion,  v.  (1(112). 

Shovel-Boards  or  Edward  Shovel- 
Boards,  broad  shillings  of  Edward  III. 
Taylor,  the  water-poet,  tells  us  "they 
were  used  for  the  most  part  at  shoave- 
board." 

.  .  .  the  unthrift  every  day, 
With  my  face  downwards  do  at  Bhoare-board  play. 
Taylor,  the  water-poet  (1580-1654). 

Shrewsbury  (Lord),  the  earl  mar- 
shall  in  the  court  of  queen  Elizabeth. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilwurth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Shropshire  Toast  (The),  "To  all 
friends  round  the  Wrekin." 

Shufflebottorri  (Abel),  a  name  as- 
sumed by  Robert  Southey  in  some  of  his 
amatory  productions  (1774-1843). 

Shuffleton  (The  Hon.  Tom),  a  man 
of  very  slender  estate,  who  borrows  of  all 
who  will  lend,  but  always  forgets  to 
repay  or  return  the  loans.  When  spoken 
to  about  it,  he  interrupts  the  speaker 
before  he  comes  to  the  point,  and  diverts 
the  conversation  to  some  other  subject. 
He  is  one  of  the  new  school,  always 
emotionless,  looks  on  money  as  the 
snmiuuni  bonum,  and  all  as  fair  that  puts 
money  in  his  purse.  The  Hon.  Tom 
Shutlleton  marries  lady  Caroline  Bray- 
more,  who  has  £4000  a  year.  (See 
DlMANCHS.) — G.  Colman,  junior,  John 
Bull. 

"  Who  U  this— all  boots  and  breeches. 
Cravat  and  cape,  and  spurs  and  switches. 
Grins  and  grimaces,  shrugs  and  capers. 
With  affectation,  spleen,  and  vapours?" 

"  Oh,  Mr.  Kichard  Jones,  your  bumble " 

"  Prithee  give  o'er  to  mouthe  ami  mumble; 
Bland  still,  speak  plain,  aui  let  us  hear 
What  was  Intended  for  the  sar. 
['  failh,  without  the  timely  aid 

Of  hills,  no  pari  you  ever  played 
(Hob.  Handy.  Bhuffleton,  or  Kover, 
Sharper,  stroller,  lounger,  lover) 
Could  e'er  distinguish  trom  each  other." 
0.  t'roker,  On  Richard  Janet,  Me  Actor  (1778  1831). 

Shutters  ( Tom,  put  uj>  the).  A 
lieutenant  threatened  Mr.  Hoby  of  St. 
James's  Street  (London),  to  withdraw  his 
custom;  whereupon  Mr.  Boby  instantly 
called  out  to  his  errand  boy,  "  Tom,  put 
up  the  shutters."  This  witty  reproof  has 
become  a  stock  phrase  of  banter  with 
tradesmen  when  a  silly  customer  threatens 
to  withdraw  his  custom. 

Shylock.the  Jew,  who  lends  Anlhonio 
(a  Venetian  merchant)  8000  ducats  for 
three  months,  on  these  conditions:  If 
repaid      within      the     time,     only      the 


principal  would  be  required;  if  not,  the 
Jew  should  be  at  liberty  to  cut  from 
Anthonio's  body  a  pound  of  flesh.  The 
ships  of  Anthonio  being  delayed  by 
contrary  winds,  the  merchant  was  unable 
to  meet  his  bill,  and  the  Jew  claimed  the 
forfeiture.  Portia,  in  the  dress  of  a  law 
doctor,  conducted  the  trial,  and  when  the 
Jew  was  about  to  take  his  bond,  reminded 
him  that  he  must  shed  no  drop  of  blood, 
nor  must  he  cut  either  more  or  less  than 
an  exact  pound.  If  these  conditions 
were  infringed,  his  life  would  be  forfeit. 
The  Jew,  feeling  it  to  be  impossible  tc 
exact  the  bond  under  such  conditions, 
gave  up  the  claim,  but  was  heavily  lined 
for  seeking  the  life  of  a  Venetian  citizen. 
— Shakespeare,  The  Merchant  of 
(1598). 

It  was  of  C.  Macklin  (1C90-1797)  that 
Pope  wrote  the  doggerel : 

This  Is  the  Jew 

That  Shakespeare  drew  ; 

but     Edmund     Kean     (1787-1833)    waa 
unrivalled  in  this  character. 

According  to  the  kindred  authority  of  Shylock,  no  man 
hates  the  thing  he  would  not  kill. — Sir  W.  Scott. 

***  Paul  Secchi  tells  us  a  similar  tale  : 
A  merchant  of  Venice,  having  been 
informed  by  private  letter  that  Drake 
had  taken  and  plundered  St.  Domingo, 
sent  word  to  Sampson  Ceneda,  a  Jewish 
usurer.  Ceneda  would  not  believe  it, 
and  bet  a  pound  of  flesh  it  was  not  true. 
When  the  report  was  confirmed,  the  pope 
told  Secchi  he  might  lawfully  claim  his 
bet  if  he  chose,  only  he  must  draw  no 
blood,  nor  take  either  more  or  less  than 
an  exact  pound,  on  the  penalty  of  being 
hanged. — Gregorio  Leti,  Life  of  Scxtus  V. 
(1666). 

Sibbald,  an  attendant  on  the  earl  of 
Menteith.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of 
Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Siber,  Let  Siberia.  Mr.  Bell  of  Anter- 
mony,  in  his  Travels,  informs  us  that 
Siberia  is  universally  called  Siber  by  the 
Russians. 

From  Guinea's  coast  and  Slher's  dreary  mines. 

t'ainpbell,  S'/eiuurej  of  lloff.  I.  (1799). 

Siberian  Climate  (A),  a  very  cold 
and  rigorous  climate,  winterlj  and  in- 
hospitable,    with     snow-hurricanes     and 

biting  winds.      The  valley   of  the  Lena  is 

the  coldest  region  of  the  globe. 
Sibylla,  the  sil.vl.    (See  Sibyls.) 

And   thOU,   AJeCtO,  feede  Hie  with  til)'  fiNlde   .    .   . 

And  thou,  BlblDa,  when  thou  Meet  me  fayiite, 
Addres  thi  alfe  the  wde  of  my  oomplajmte. 

Sackville.   Mirrour  for  Mojittrt 
I"  t'oniida) ute,"  etc.,  1087) 


SIBYLS. 


908 


SIDNEY. 


Sibyls.  Plato  speaks  of  only  one 
sibyl ;  Martian  Capella  says  there  were 
two  (the  Erythraean  or  Cumcean  sibyl,  and 
the  Phrygian)  ;  Pliny  speaks  of  the  three 
sibyls;  Jackson  maintains,  on  the  au- 
thority of  /Elian,  that  there  were  four  ; 
Shakespeare  speaks  of  the  nine  sibyls  of 
old  Kome  (1  Henry  VI.  act  i.  sc.  2) ;  Varro 
says  they  were  ten  (the  sibyls  of  Libya, 
Sanios,  Cumae  (in  Italy),  Cumae  (in  Asia 
Minor),  Erythnea, Persia, Tiburtis,  Delphi, 
Ancy'ra  (in  Phrygia),  and  Marpessa),  in 
reference  to  which  Rabelais  says,  "  she 
may  be  the  eleventh  sibyl"  (Panta- 
ijruel,  iii.  1(5)  ;  the  mediaeval  monks 
made  the  number  to  be  twelve,  and  nave 
to  each  a  distinct  prophecy  respecting 
Christ.  But  whatever  the  number,  there 
was  but  one  "sibyl  of  old  Kome"  (the 
Cumsean),  who  offered  to  Tarquin  the 
nine  Sibylline  books. 

Sibyl's  Books  (TJ,e).  We  are  told 
that  the  sibyl  of  Cumae  (in  JESlis)  offered 
Tarquin  nine  volumes  of  predictions  for 
a  certain  sum  of  money,  but  the  k i 1 1 lc, 
deeming  tho  price  exorbitant,  refused  to 
purchase  them  ;  whereupon  she  burnt 
three  of  the  volumes,  and  next  year 
offered  Tarquin  the  remaining  six  at  the 
same  price.  Again  he  refused,  and  the 
sibyl  burnt  three  more.  The  following 
year  she  again  returned,  and  asked  the 
original  priceforthe  three  which  remained. 
At  the  advice  of  the  augurs,  the  king 
purchased  the  books,  and  they  were 
preserved  with  great  care  under  guardians 
specially  appointed  for  the  purpose. 

Her  remaining  chances,  like  the  sibyl's  books,  became 
more  precious  in  an  inaroasiJlg  ratio  as  the  preceding  ones 
were  destroyed. — P.  Fitzgerald,  The  Pawetiu  Family, 
L   7. 

Sic  Vos  non  Vobis.     (See  Vos 

MOM   VOBIS.) 

Sicilian  Bull  (The),  the  brazen 
bull  invented  by  Perillos  for  the  tyrant 
Ph&laris,  as  an  engine  of  torture. 
Perillos  himself  was  the  first  victim 
enclosed  in  the  bull. 

As  the  Sicilian  bull  that  rightfully 
H  is  cries  echoed  who  had  shapei  I  the  mould, 
JMd  so  reltellow  with  the  voice  of  Mm 
Tormented,  that  the  brazen  monster  seemed 
1'iiTced  through  with  pain. 

Daiite,  I/cll,  xxviL  (1300). 

Sicilian  Vespers  (The),  the 
massacre  of  the  French  in  Sicily,  which 
began  at  Palermo,  March  30,  1282,  at  the 
hour  of  vespers,  on  Easter  Monday. 
This  wholesale  slaughter  was  provoked 
bv  tin-  brutal  conduct  of  Charles  d'Anjou 
(the  governor)  and  his  soldiers  towards 
the  islanders. 


A  similar  massacre  of  the  Danes  was 
made  in  England  on  St.  Bryce's  Day 
(November  13),  1002. 

Another  similar  slaughter  took  place  at 
Bruges,  March  24,  1302. 

%*  The  Bartholomew  Massacre  (Aug. 
24,  1572)  was  a  religious  not  a  political 
movement. 

Sicilien  (Le)  or  L' Amour  Peintrk, 
a  comedy  by  Molitre  (1667).  The 
Sicilian  is  don  Pedre,  who  has  a  Greek 
slave  named  Is'idore.  This  slave  is  loved 
by  Adraste  (2  syt.),  a  French  gentle- 
man, and  the  plot  of  the  comedy  turns 
on  the  way  that  the  Frenchman  allures 
the  Creek  slave  away  from  her  master. 
Hearing  that  his  friend  Damon  is  going 
to  make  a  portrait  of  Isidore,  he  gets 
him  to  write  to  don  Pedre  a  letter  of 
introduction,  requesting  that  the  bearer 
may  be  allowed  to  take  the  likeness.  By 
this  ruse,  Adraste  reveals  his  love  to 
Isidore,  and  persuades  her  to  elope.  The 
next  step  is  this  :  Zai'de  (2  syl.),  a  young 
slave,  pretends  to  have  been  ill-treated  by 
Adraste,  and  runs  to  don  Pedre  to  crave 
protection.  The  don  bids  her  go  in, 
while  he  intercedes  with  Adraste  on  her 
behalf.  The  Frenchman  seems  to  relent, 
and  Pedre  calls  for  Zai'de  to  come  forth, 
but  Isidore  comes  instead,  wearing  Zai'de's 
veil.  Don  Pedre  says  to  Adraste, "  There, 
take  her  home,  and  use  her  well!"  "I 
will,"  says  Adraste,  and  leads  off  tho 
Creek  slave. 

Sicily  of  Spain  (The).  Alemtejo, 
in  Portugal,  was  so  called  at  one  time. 
In  the  Middle  Ages,  Alemtejo  was  "the 
granary  of  Portugal." 

Sick  Man  of  the  East  (The), 
the  Turkish  empire.  It  was  Nicholas  of 
Russia  who  gave  this  name  to  the  mori- 
bund empire. 

We  have  on  our  hands  a  sick  man.  a  very  sick  man.  It 
would  be  a  gnat  misfortune  if  one  of  these  days  he 
should  happen  u.  die  Mora  the  necessary  anaunmanti 
are  all  made.  .  .  .  The  man  is  certainly  d>ing.  and  »• 
must  not  allow  such  an  event  to  take  us  by  surprise. — 
Nicholas  of  Russia,  to  sir  George  Seymour,  British  cluiryi 
d'ajfairet  (January  11,  1844). 

Siddartha,  born  at  Gaya,  in  India, 
and  known  in  Indian  history  as  Buddha 
(i.e.  "The  Wise"). 

Sidney,  the  tutor  and  friend  of 
Charles  Egerton  McSycophant.  He  loves 
Constantia,  but  conceals  his  passion  for 
fear  of  paining  Egerton,  her  accepted 
lover.— C.  Macklin,  'The  Man  of  the 
World  (1764). 

Sidney  (Sir  Philip).  Sir  Philip 
Sidney,  though  suffering  extreme  thirst 


SIDNEY'S  SISTER. 


909 


SIEGFRIED. 


*rom  the  a^ony  of  wounds  received  in 
he  battle  of  Zutphen,  gave  his  own 
draught  of  water  bo  a  wounded  private 
lying  at  his  side,  Baying,  "  Poor  fellow, 
thy  necessity  is  greater  than  mine." 

A  similar  Distance  is  recorded  of 
Alexander  "  the  Great,"  in  the  desert 
Of  I  iedrosia. 

David,  Bghting  against  the  Philistines, 
became  so  parched  with  thirst,  that  he 
cried  out,  "  ( )h  that  one  would  give  me 
drink  of  the  water  of  the  well  of  Beth- 
lehem, which  is  by  the  Rate  !  "  And  the 
three  mighty  men  broke  through  the  host 
of  the  Philistines  and  brought  him  water  ; 
nevertheless,  he  would  not  drink  it,  hut 
poured  it  out  unto  the  Lord. — 2  Sam.  xxiii. 
15-17. 

Sidney's  Sister,  Pembroke's 
Mother.    Mary  Herbert  (born  Sidney), 

countess  of  Pembroke,  who  died  1021. 

Underneath  tliis  saolo  hearse 
Lies  the  suhject  of  all  verse — 
Sidney's  sister,  Pembroke's  mother. 
Death,  ere  thou  hail  killed  another 
Fair  and  Rood  and  learned  ss  -I,. ■. 
Time  shall  throw  big  dart  at  thee. 
Wm.   Browne  (1645.    See   Lansdowne  Collection, 
No.  777,  in  the  British  Museum). 

Sido'nian  Tincture,  purple  dye, 
Tyrian  purple.  The  Tyrians  and  Sido- 
nians  were  world-famed  for  their  purple 
dye. 

Not  in  that  proud  Sidonlan  tincture  died. 
Phinciis  Fletcher,  The  J'<irj:!e  bland,  rii.  (1633). 

Sid'rophel,  William  Lilly,  the  astro- 
loger. 

Quoth  Ralph,  "  Not  far  from  hence  doth  dwell 

A  mining  man.  hight  Sidrophel. 

That  deals  in  destiny's  dark  counsels, 

Ami  sajrc  opinions  of  the  moon  selLs; 

To  whom  all  people,  far  and  near. 

On  deep  Importances  repair." 

8.  BuUur,  Uudibrat,  11.  3  (1G64). 

Siebel,  Mar^heri'ta'a  rejected  lover, 
in  the  opera  of  Faust  c  Margherito,  by 
Gounod  (1859). 

Siege.  Mvn  sie]/c  est  fait,  my  opinion 
is  fixed,  and  I  cannot  change  it.  This 
proverb  rosa  thus:  The  abbe'  de  Yertot 
wrote  the  history  of  a  certain  siege,  and 
applied  to  a  friend  for  some  geographical 
particulars.  These  particulars  did  not 
arrive  till  the  matter  had  passed  the 
press  ;  so  the  abbe  remarked  with  a  shrug, 
"Bah  !  mon  Biege  est  fait." 

Siege  Perilous  {The).  The  Pound 
Table  contained  sieges    for    160  knights, 

but  three  of  them  were  ''reserved."  Of 
these,  two  were  posts  of  honour,  but  the 
third  was  reserved  for  him  who  was  des- 
tined to  achieve  the  quest  of  the  holy 
Kraal.     Thin  seat  was  called  "  perilous," 


because  if  any  one  sat  therein  except  he 
for  whom  it  \sa*  reserved,  it  would  be  bin 
death.     Ever  ble  bore  the 

name  of  its  rightful  occupant  in  Id 
gold,  and  the  name  on  the  "Si  ■/■•  !'•  pilous" 
was  sir  Galahad  (son  of  sir  Launcelot  and 
Elaine). 

Said  Merlin,  "There  shall  no  man  sit  in  the  two  rold 

they  that  shall  be  of  m  it  In  mo 

.•...■„■  ptrUeut  there  shall  no  man  .    I  if  any 

other  be  so  hardy  as  to  do  it,  he  shall  be  destroyed." — Ft. 

i.  4S. 

Then  the  old  man  made  sir  Galahad  unarm  ;  and  h--  pot 
on  him  a  co.it  of  red  BHldei,  with  a  mantel  upon  his 
Bhoumor  fort»-d  with  line  erudlMS,  .  .  .  and  he  brought 
him    unto    ;  QOUS,    when    I..  r 

Luuneelot.    And  me  good  old  rnan  lifted  up  tl 
and  found  ds  written:  iiik  Btasaoi  *ta 

O  M..MI  U).— Sir  T.  Malory,  llutury  of  I'rincc  Arthur,  ill. 

M(M70). 

Siege  of  Calais,  a  novel  by  Bide. 
de  Tencin  (1681—1749  .     Ge  rge  Dolman 

has  a  drama  with  t':e  same  title. 

Siege  of  Damascus.  Damascus 
w:is  besieged  by  the  Arabs,  while  En'- 
men@s  was  governor.  The  general  of  the 
Syrians  was  Pho'cyas,  and  of  the  Arabs 
Caled.  Phocyas  asked  EumenSs's  per- 
mission to  marry  his  daughter  Endo'cia, 
but  was  sternly  refused.  After  gaining 
several  victories, he  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Arabs,  and  then  joined  them  in  their 
siege,  in  order  to  revenge  himself  on  Eu- 
menC'S.  Eudocia  fell  into  his  power,  but 
she  refused  to  marry  a  traitor.  Caled  re- 
quested Phocyas  t<>  point  out  to  him  the 
governor's  tent  ;  on  being  refused,  they 
fought,  and  Caled  fell.  Abudah,  being 
now  chief  in  command,  made  an  honour- 
able peace  with  the  Syrians,  Phocyas  died, 
and  Eudocia  retired  to  a  convent. — J. 
Hughes,  Siege  of  Damascus  (1720). 

Siege  of  Rhodes,  by  sir  W.  Daven* 

ant  (11)50). 

Sieg'fried  [SseqJreed],  hero  of  pt. 
i.  of  the  N&elungen  Lied,  the  old  German 

epic.      Siegfried   was  ■   young  warrior   of 

a  si  rength  and  beauty,  invulnerable 

except  in  one  spot  between  his  shoulders 

II.  vanquished  the  Nlbelungs,  and  carried 

away   their  immense   hoards  of  gold    anil 

precious   Btones.      He    w d    and    Hun 

Kjriemhild,  the  sister  of  Guntherking  of 
Burgundy,  but  was  treacherously  killed 
by  Hagan,  while  stooping  for  a  draught 
of  water  after  a  hunting  expedition. 

Siegfried    had    a  cape    or  cloak,    which 

rendered  him  invisible,  the  gift  of  tie- 
dwarf  Alberich  ;  and  his  -word.  Called 
Barmung,  was  forged  by  Wielaod,  black- 
smiih  of  the  Teutonic  gods. 

This  epic  consists  of  a  number  of  differ- 
ent lays  by  the  old  minnesingers,  pieced 


SIEGFRIED  VON  LINDENBERG.    910 


SIGISMUNDA. 


together  into  a  connected  story  as  early  as 
1210.  It  is  of  Scandinavian  origin,  and 
is  in  the  Younger  L'dda,  amongst  the 
"  Volsunga  Sagas  "  (compiled  by  Snorro, 
in  the  thirteenth  century). 

Siegfried's  Birthplace.  He  was  bom  in 
Phinecastle,  then  called  Xanton. 

Siegfried's  Father  and  Mother.  Sieg- 
fried was  the  youngest  son  of  Siegmund 
and  Sieglind,  king  and  queen  of  the 
Netherlands. 

Siegfried  called  Horny.  He  was  called 
horny  because  when  he  slew  the  dragon, 
he  bathed  in  its  blood,  and  became  covered 
with  a  horny  hide  which  was  invulnerable. 
A  linden  leaf  happened  to  fall  on  his  back 
between  his  shoulder-blades,  and  as  the 
blood  did  not  touch  this  spot,  it  remained 
vulnerable. — The  minnesingers,  The  2\i- 
bvlungen  Lied  (1210). 

Sieg'fried  von  Lindenberg,  the 
hero  of  a  comic  German  romance,  by 
Miiller  (1779).  Still  popular  and  very 
amusing. 

Sieglind  [Seeg.lind],  the  mother  of 
Siegfried,  and  wife  of  Siegmund  king 
of  the  Netherlands. — The  minnesingers, 
The  Ribclungcn  Tied  (1210). 

Siegmund  [Seeg.muncT],  king  of  the 

Netherlands.  His  wife  was  Sieglind,  and 
bis  son  Siegfried  [Seeg. freed], — The 
Minnesingers,  The  Nibelungen  Lied  (1210). 

Sieve  {The  Trial  of  the).  When  a 
vestal  was  charged  with  unchastity,  she 
was  condemned  to  carry  water  from  the 
Tiber  in  a  sieve  without  spilling  any.  If 
she  succeeded,  she  was  pronounced  in- 
nocent ;  but  if  any  of  the  water  ran  out,  it 
was  a  confirmation  of  her  guilt. 

Sieve  and  Shears,  a  method  of  dis- 
covering a  thief.  The  modus  operandi  is 
as  follows  : — A  sieve  is  nicely  balanced 
by  the  points  of  shears  touching  the  rim, 
and  the  shears  are  supported  on  the  tips 
of  the  fingers  wrhile  a  passage  of  the  Bible 
is  read,  and  the  apostles  Peter  and  Paul 
are  asked  whether  so-and-so  is  the  cul- 
prit. When  the  thief's  name  is  uttered, 
the  sieve  spins  round.  Theocritos  men- 
tions this  way  of  divination  in  his  Idyll, 
iii.,  and  Ben  Jonson  alludes  to  it: 

Searching  for  tilings  lost  with  •  sieve  and  shears.— The 
A  Ichemist,  i.  1  (1610). 

Sige'ro,  "  the  Good,"  slain  by  Ar- 
gantes.  Argantea  hurled  his  spear  at 
Godfrey,  but  it  struck  Sigcro,  who  "  re- 
juiced  tc  suffer  in  his  sovereign's  place." 
— Taaso,  Jerusalem  Delivered,  xi.  (1575). 


Sight.  Nine  things  are  necessary 
before  the  form  of  anything  can  be  dis- 
cerned by  the  eye :  (1)  a  power  to  see,  (2) 
light,  (3)  a  visible  object,  (4)  not  too  small, 
(5)  not  too  rare,  (6)  not  too  near,  (7)  not  too 
remote,  (8)  clear  space,  (9)  sufficient  time. 
— See  sir  John  Davies,  Immortality  of  the 
Scul,  xiv.  (1622). 

Sightly  (Captain),  a  dashing  young, 
officer,  who  runs  away  with  Priscilla 
Tomboy,  but  subsequently  obtains  her 
guardian's  consent  to  marry  her. — The 
Jiomp  (altered  from  Bickerstaff  's  Love  in 
the  City). 

Sigismonda,  daughter  of  Tancred 
king  of  Salerno.  She  fell  in  love  with 
Guiscardo  her  father's  'squire,  revealed  to 
him  her  love,  and  married  him  in  a  cavern 
attached  to  the  palace.  Tancred  discovered 
them  in  each  other's  embrace,  and  gave 
secret  orders  to  waylay  the  bridegroom 
and  strangle  him.  He  then  went  to  Sigis- 
monda, and  reproved  her  for  her  degrading 
choice,  which  she  boldly  justified.  Next 
day,  she  received  a  human  heart  in  a  gold 
casket,  knew  instinctively  that  it  was 
Guiscardo's,  and  poisoned  herself.  Her 
father  being  sent  for,  she  survived  just 
long  enough  to  request  that  she  might  be 
buried  in  the  same  grave  as  her  young 
husband,  and  Tancred  : 

Too  late  repenting  of  his  cruel  deed, 
One  common  sepulchre  for  both  decreed ; 
Intombed  the  wretched  pair  in  royal  state. 
And  on  their  monument  Inscribed  their  fate. 
Drydi  n,  sigitmonda  and  Vuitcardo  (from  Boccaccio). 

Sigismund,  emperor  of  Austria. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Sigismunda,  daughter  of  Siffredi  lord 
high  chancellor  of  Sicily,  and  betrothed  to 
count  Tancred.  "When  king  Roger  died, 
he  left  the  crown  of  Sicily  to  Tancred,  on 
condition  that  he  married  Constantia,  by 
which  means  the  rival  lines  would  be 
united,  and  the  country  saved  from  civil 
war.  Tancred  gave  a  tacit  consent,  in- 
tending to  obtain  a  dispensation  ;  but 
Sigismunda,  in  a  moment  of  wounded 
pride,  consented  to  marry  earl  Osmond. 
When  king  Tancred  obtained  an  interview 
with  Sigismunda,  to  explain  his  conduct, 
Osmond  challenged  him,  and  they  fought. 
Osmond  fell,  and  when  his  wife  ran  to 
him,  he  thrust  his  sword  into  Aer  and 
killed  her. — J.  Thomson,  Tancred  and 
Sigismunda  ( 1 745) . 

*„,*  This  tragedy  is  based  on  "  The 
Baneful  Marriage,"  an  episode  in  Gil  Bias, 
founded  on  fact. 


SIGISMUNDA. 


911 


SILKY. 


Siffumuada,  the  heroine  of  Cervantes's 
last  work  of  fiction.  This  tale  is  a  tissue 
of  episodes,  full  of  most  incredible  ad- 
ventures, astounding  prodigies,  impossible 
characters,  and  extravagant  sentiments. 
It  is  said  thai  Cervantes  himself  preferred 
it  to  his  /'<•/(  Quixote,  just  .is  Uorneille 
preferred  Nicomede  to  his  Cid,  and  Milton 
raradu  \  to  his  Paradise  Lost. — 

Encyc,  Brit.,  Art.  "Bomance." 

Sigurd,  the  hero  of  an  old  Scandi- 
navian legend.  Sigurd  discovered  Bryn- 
hild,  encased  in  complete  armour,  lying 
in  a  death-like  sleep,  to  which  she  had 
been  condemned  by  Odin.  Sigurd  woke 
her  by  ripping  up  her  corselet,  fell  in  love 
with  her,  promised  to  marry  her,  but 
deserted  her  for  Gudrun.  This  ill-starred 
union  was  the  cause  of  an  Iliad  of  woes. 

An  analysis  of  this  romance  was  pub- 
lished by  Weber  in  his  Illustrations  of 
Northern  Antiquities  (1810). 

Sijil  (Al),  the  recording  angel. 

Or  that  day  we  will  roll  up  the  heavens  as  the  angel  At 
Bijil  rolleth  up  the  scroll  wherein  every  man's  action!  are 
recorded.— Al  Koran,  xxi. 

Sikes  {Bill),  a  burglar,  and  one  of 
Fagin's  associates.  Hill  Sikes  was  a 
hardened,  irreclaimable  villain,  but  had 
a  conscience  which  almost  drove  him 
mad  after  the  murder  of  Nancy,  who 
really  loved  him  (eh.  xlviii.).  bill  Sikes 
(1  6'///.)  had  an  ill-conditioned  Bavage  dog, 
the  beast-image  of  his  master,  which  he 
backed  and  loved,  ill-treated  and  fondled. 
— C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

The  French  "Bill  Sikes"  is  "Jean 
lliroux,"  a  creation  of  Henri  Monnier. 

Sikundra  (The),  a  mausoleum  about 

six  miles  from  Agra,   raised  by  Akhbah 
"the  Great,"  in  the  reign  of  our  Charles  I. 

Silence,  a  country  justice  of  asinine 
dulness  when  sober,  but  when  in  his  cuns 
of  must  QproarioUS  mirth.  Be  was  in 
thecommissionof  the  peace  with  his  COUBin 
Robert  Shallow. 

Falttaff.  I  did  not  think  Master  Silence  had  been  a  man 
of  On   mettle. 

Silence.  Who,  II  1  have  Ixrn  mem ■  twice  and  once,  era 
now.- -Shakc.-iH.iri',  '1  lUnry  IV.  act  v.  sc.  8  (If 

Sile'no,  husband  of  Mysis ;  a  kind- 
hearted  man,  who  takes  pity  on  Apollo 
when  cast  to  earth  by  Jupiter,  and  gives 
aim  a  home. — Kane  O'Hara,  Bidai 
(1764). 

Silent  (The),  William  1.  prince  of 
Orange  (1533-1584).  It  was  the  principle 
of  Napoleon  III.  emperor  of  'he  French 

to  "hear,  Bee,  and  say  nothing.'' 


Silent    Man    (The),  the   barber   of 
Bagdad,  the  greatesl  chatterbox  that  ever 
lived.     Being  sent  for  t"  shave  ti- 
mid beard  of  a  young  man  who  was  to 
visit  the  cadi's  daughter  at  noon,  he  kept 
him  from  daybreak  to  midday,  pral 
the  unspeakable   annoyance  of  t:  • 
tomer.     Being  subsequently  taken  before 

the  caliph,  he  ran  on  telling  story  alter 
story  about  his  six  brothers.  He  was 
called  the  "  Silent  Man.  on  one 

occasion,  being  accidentally  taken  up  with 

ten  robbers,  he  never  .-aid  he  was  no!  I 

the  gang.  His  six  brothers  were  Bacboue 
the  hunchback,  Bakbarah  the  toothless, 
Bakac  the  one-eyed,  Alcouz  the  blind, 
Alnaschar  the  earless,  and  Schacabac  the 
hare-lipped. — Arabian  Nights  ("  The  Bar- 
ber," and  "The  Barber's  Six  Brothers  "). 

Silent  Woman  (The),  a  comedy  by 
Ben  Jonson  (1609).  Morose,  a  miserly 
old  fellow,  who  hates  to  hear  any  voice 
but  his  own,  has  a  young  nephew,  -.ir 
Dauphine,  who  wants  to  wring  from  him 
a  third  of  his  property  ;  and  the  way  ha 
gains  his  point  is  this  :  lie  induces  a  lad 
to  pretend  to  be  a  "silent  woman." 
Morose  is  bo  delighted  with  the  phenome- 
non that  he  consents  to  marry  the  pro- 
digy ;  but  the  moment  the  ceremony  is 
over,  the  boy-wife  assumes  the  character 
of  a  virago,  whose  tongue  is  a  ce 
clack.  Morose  is  in  despair,  and  signs 
away  a  third  of  his  property  to  iiis 
nephew,  on  condition  of  being  rid  of  this 

intolerable  pest.  The  trick  is  now  re- 
pealed, Morose  retires  into  private  life, 
and  sir  Dauphine  remains  master  of  t lie 

situation. 

Sile'nus,  son  of  Pan,  chief  of  ttie 
sile.'ni  or  older  satyrs.  Silfinus  was  the 
foster-lather   of    Bacchus    the   wine-god, 

and  is  described  as  a  jovial  old  toper,  with 

bald  head,  pnu'  nose,  and  pimply  lace, 
in. I  Buenaa,  bloated,  drunken. 
Led  i>y  hla  Inebriate  ■trrli 

Longfellow,  l>rinking  Sony. 

Silhouette  (8  sy/.),  a  black  profile. 
So  called   from    Btienne  de  Silhouette, 
nr  des  finances  under  Louis  \  V. 
(1757). 

tmanrleres  de  ce  ml  n  1st  re    ayant  para 

rv    •.'<••,    rtllp.i     . 

donna  hi  nom  da  Bllbom  m  bnparfklti  oe, 

oi. nt  a  Indiqaef  par  un  lunple  u.m  ie  cornea* 
del  objeta, 

Silky,  a  Jew  money-lender,  swindler, 

and  miser.    (See  Stjlkt.) 

fon  cheat  ail  day,  tremble  at  night,  and  art  the  hype- 
ng  hi  the   morning.— T.  llolcroft,  T\4 
lioad  lu  /{inn.  il.  .i\l7lrl). 


SILLY  BILLY. 


912 


SILVESTRE. 


Silly  Billy,  William  IV.  (1765,  1830- 
1837). 

Silu'res  (3  syl.),  the  inhabitants  of 
Silu'ria,  that  is,  Herefordshire,  Mon- 
mouthshire, Radnorshire,  Brecon,  and 
Glamorganshire. 

Thnee  Silu'res,  called  by  us  the  South  Wales  men. 
Drayton,  Potyolliion.  xvi.  (1613). 

Silva  (Don  Ruy  Gomez  de),  an  old 
Spanish  grandee,  to  whom  Elvira  was 
betrothed ;  but  she  detested  him,  and 
lcved  Ernani,  a  bandit-captain.  Charles 
V.  tried  to  seduce  her,  and  Silva,  in  his 
wrath,  joined  Ernani  to  depose  the  king. 
The  plot  being  discovered,  the  conspi- 
rators were  arrested,  but,  at  the  interces- 
sion of  Elvira,  were  pardoned.  The 
marriage  of  Ernani  and  Elvira  was  just 
about  to  be  consummated,  when  a  horn 
sounded.  Ernani  had  bound  himself, 
when  Silva  joined  the  bandit,  to  put  an 
end  to  his  life  whenever  summoned  so  to 
do  by  Silva  ;  and  the  summons  was  to  be 
given  by  the  blast  of  a  horn.  Silva  being 
relentless,  Ernani  kept  his  vow,  and 
stabbed  himself. — Verdi,  Ernani  (1841). 

Silver  Age  (The),  the  age  succeed- 
ing the  golden,  and  succeeded  by  the 
iron  age.  The  best  period  of  the  world 
or  of  a  nation  is  its  golden  age,  noted  for 
giants  of  literature,  simplicity  of  man- 
ners, integrity  of  conduct,  honesty  of 
intention,  and  domestic  virtues.  The 
Elizabethan  was  the  golden  age  of  Eng- 
land. The  silver  age  of  a  people  is  noted 
for  its  elegant  refinement,  its  delicacy  of 
speech,  its  luxurious  living,  its  politeness 
and  artificial  manners.  The  reign  of 
Anne  was  the  silver  age  of  England. 
The  iron  age  is  that  of  commerce  and 
hard  matter-of-fact.  Birth  is  no  longer 
the  one  thing  needful,  but  hard  cash  ; 
the  romance  of  life  has  died  out,  and 
iron  and  coals  are  the  philosopher's  stone. 
The  age  of  Victoria  is  the  iron  age  of 
England.  Strange  that  the  three  ages 
should  all  be  the  reigns  of  queens  ! 

Silver  Code  ( The),  a  translation 
into  Gothic  of  parts  both  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments  by  bishop  Ulfilas,  in  the 
eighth  century.     Still  extant. 

Silver-Fork  School  (The),  a  name 
given  to  a  class  of  English  novelists  who 
gave  undue  importance  to  etiquette  and 
the  externals  of  social  intercourse.  The 
most  distinguished  are  :  lady  Blessington 
(1789-1849),  Theodore  Hook  (1716-1796), 
lord  Lvtton  (1804-1878),  and  iMrs.  Trol- 
lope  (1790-1863). 


Silver  Pen.  Eliza  Meteyard  was 
so  called  by  Douglas  Jerrold,  and  she 
adopted  the  pseudonym  (1816-1879). 

Silver  Spoon.  Bom  with  a  silver 
spoon  in  your  mouth  means  born  to 
good  luck.  The  allusion  is  to  the 
silver  spoons  given  as  prizes  and  at 
christenings.  The  lucky  man  is  born 
with  the  prize  in  his  mouth,  and  does 
not  need  to  wait  for  it  or  to  earn  it. 

Silver  Star  of  Love  (The),  the 
star  which  appeared  to  Vasco  da  Grama 
when  his  ships  were  tempest-tossed 
through  the  malice  of  Bacchus.  Imme- 
diately the  star  appeared,  the  tempest 
ceased,  and  there  was  a  great  calm. 

The  sky  and  ocean  blending,  each  on  fire, 
Seemed  as  all  Nature  strutted  to  expire ; 
Winn  now  the  Silver  Star  of  Love  appeared. 
Bright  ill  the  east  her  radiant  front  she  reared. 

Camoeus,  tutiad,  vL  (1572). 

Silver-Tongued  (The),  Joshua  Syl- 
vester, translator  of  Du  Bartas's  Divine 
Weeks  and  Works  (1563-1618). 

William  Bates,  a  puritan  divine  (1625- 
1699). 

Henry  Smith,  preacher  (1550-1600). 

Anthonv  Hammond,  the  poet,  called 
"  Silver  Tongue  "  (1668-1738). 

Spranyer  Barry,  the  "Irish  Roscius" 
(1719-1777). 

Silver  Wedding  ( Tfie),  the  twenty- 
fifth  anniversary;  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
is  the  golden  wedding.  In  Germany 
those  persons  who  attain  the  twenty-fifth 
anniversary  of  their  wedding  day  are 
presented  by  their  friends  and  family 
with  a  wreath  of  silver  flowers,  and  on 
the  fiftieth  anniversary  with  a  wreath  of 
gold  flowers.  The  fifth  anniversary  is 
the  wooden  wedding,  and  the  seventy- 
fifth  the  diamond  wedding.  Sometimes 
the  Wedding  Service  is  repeated  on  the 
fiftieth  anniversary. 

In  1879  William  king  of  Prussia  and 
emperor  of  Germany  celebrated  his  golden 
wedding. 

Silverquill  (Sam),  one  of  the  pri- 
soners at  Portanferry. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Guy  Mcmnermg  (time,  George  II.). 

Silves  de  la  Selva  (The  Exploits 
and  Adventures  of),  part  of  the  series 
called  Lc  Roman  des  Romans,  pertaining 
to  "Am'adis  of  Gaul."  This  part  waa 
added  by  Feliciano  de  Silva. 

Silvestre  (2  syl.),  valet  of  Octave 
(son  of  Argantc  and  brother  of  Zerbi- 
nette). — Molicrc,  Lcs  Fourbcries  de  Scapin 
(1671). 


SILVIA. 


913 


Sil'via,    daughter    of   the    duke    of 
Milan,    and   the    lady-love    of  Valentine 

0De  of  the  hemes  of  the  play.— Shake- 
speare, The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona 
(1694). 

Simmons  (Widow),  the  seamstress; 
a  neighbour  of   the   Ramsays.— Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (tame,  James  I.). 
Si'mon    (Martin),  proprietor   of   the 
village    Bout   du    Monde,  and    miller  of 
Grenoble.     He    is  called   "The   king  of 
Pelvoux,"  and  in  reality  is  the  baron  de 
Peyras,  who  has  given  up  all  his  estates 
to  his  nephew,  the  young  chevalier  Mar- 
ccllin  de  Peyras,  and  retired  to  Grenoble, 
where   he   lived  as   a  villager.     Martin 
Simon  is  in  secret  possession  of  a  gold- 
mine  left  him   by  his  father,  with  the 
stipulation  that  he  should  place  it  beyond 
the  reach  of  any  private  man  on  the  day 
it  became  a  "  source  of  woe  and  crime. 
Kabisson,  a  travelling  tinker,  the   only 
person  who  knows  about  it,  being  mur- 
dered, Simon  is  suspected ;    but   Eusebe 
Noel  confesses  the  crime.     Simon  then 
makes  the   mine  over    to    the    king   of 
France,  as  it  had  proved  the  source  both 
•'of  woe  and  crime."— E.  Starling,   The 
Ovid-Mine  or  Miller  of  Grenoble  (1854). 

Simon  Pure,  a  young  qnaker  from 
Pennsylvania,  on  a  visit  to  ( >badiah  1  run 
(a  Bristol  qnaker,  and  one  of  the  guardians 
of  Anne  Lovely  the  heiress).  Colonel 
Fcignwell  personated  Simon  Pure,  and 
obtained  Obadiah's  consent  to  marry  his 
ward.  When  the  real  Simon  Pare  pre- 
sented himself,  the  colonel  denounced 
him  as  an  impostor;  but  after  he  had 
obtained  the  guardian's  signature,  he 
confessed  the  trick,  and  showed  how  he 
had  obtained  the  consent  of  the  other 
three  guardians.— Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife  (1717). 

*„,*  This  name  has  become  a  house- 
hold word  for  "  the  real  man,"  the  ip»8- 
simus  ejo. 

Si'monie  or  Si'mont,  the  friar,  in  the 
beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  fl498).  So 
called  from  Simon  Magus  [Acta  via. 
9-24). 

Simony  {Dr.),  in  Foote'a  farce  called 
'The  Cozeners,  was  meant  for  Dr.  Dodd. 

Sim'org,  a  bird  "which  hath  seen 
the  world  thrice  destroyed."  It  is  found 
in  Kaf,  but,  as  Hafiz  says,  "searching 
for  the  simorg  is  like  searching  for  the 
philosopher's  stone"  This  does  not 
agree  with  Beckford's  account  (see 
Simvkoh). 


SIMUKGH. 

In  KM  the  rininrR  hath  IL«  dwrlllnR-placa, 

knowing  bird  "f  *.■•«».  who  liath  «een 
The  world  with  all  ■'  '"1 

.    .  ita  f>«  Ucttroyer,  Tiu.  IS  ,171/7). 

Simpcox  B  lame  man,  who 

asserted  he  was  born  blind,  and  to  whom 
St.  Alban    said,   "Come,    offer  at   my 
shrine,   and   I    will    help    thee."     Being 
brought     before     Humphrey     do 
Gloucester,  the    lord    protector,  he  was 
asked  how  he  became  lame?  and   - 
cox  replied  lie  fell  from  a  tree,  wli; 
had  climbed  to  gather  plums  for  his  wife. 
The  duke  then   asked    if    his   Bighl  I 

been  restored?  "Yes,"  said  the  man  ;  and 
being  shown  divers  colours,  could  readily 
distinguish  between  red,  blue,  brown, 
and  so  on.  The  duke  told  the  rascal 
that  a  blind  man  does  not  climb  trees  to 
gather  their  fruits  ;  and  one  born  blind 
might,  if  his  Bight  were  restored,  know 
that  one  colour  differed  from  another,  but 
could  not  possibly  know  which  was 
which.  He  then  placed  a  stool  before 
him,  and  ordered  the  constables  to  whip 
him  till  he  jumped  over  it  ;  whereon  the 
lame  man  jumped  over  it,  and  ran  off  as 
fast  as  his  legs  could  carry  him.  Sir 
Thomas  More  tells  this  story,  and  Shake- 
speare introduces  it  in  2  Henry  1  J.  act 
ii.  sc.  1  (1591). 

Simple,  the  servant  of  Slender  (cousin 
of    justice  Shallow).— Shakespeare. 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (1596). 

Simple  (The),  Charles  III.  of  France 
(879,  893-929). 

Simple  (Peter),  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  captain  Marryat  (lboo). 

Simple  Simon,  a  man  more 
against  than  sinning,  whose  misfortunes 
arose  from  his  wife  Margery's  cruelty, 

which  began  the  very  morning  ot    their 
marriage. 

We  do  not  know  wheUier  It  is  necessary  to  I 

Teutonic  or  Northern  original  lor  UiL.  once  jwruiur  book. 
— QtiorMrif  /;<  !■■  *•■ 

Simpson  (Tarn),  the  drunken  barber. 
—Sir  W.  Scott,  St  Bonon'a  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Simson  (Jean),  an  old  woman  at 
Middlemas  village.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Surgeon's  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Simurgh.  a  fabulous  Eastern   bird, 

endowed    Witt    reason    and    knowing    all 

languages.     It  had  seen  the  great  cycle 

of  7000   years   twelve  times,   and,  during 

that   period,  it  declared  it  bad  seen  the 
earth    wholly    without  inhabitant  seven 
times.— W.    Beckford,     Valhek    (notca, 
R  n 


SIN. 


914       SINGLE-SPEECH  HAMILTON. 


1784).  This  does  not  agree  with  Southey's 
account  (see  Simokg). 

Sin,  twin-keeper,  with  Death,  of  Hell- 
gate.  She  sprang,  full-grown,  from  the 
head  of  Satan. 

Woman  to  the  waist,  and  fair, 
But  ending  foul  in  many  a  scaly  fold 
Voluminous  and  vast,  a  serpent  armed 
With  mortal  sting. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lott,  ii  (1665). 

Sin'adone  (The  lady  of),  metamor- 

!>hosed  by  enchantment  into  a  serpent, 
sir  Lybius  (one  of  Arthur's  knights) 
Blew  the  enchantress,  and  the  serpent, 
coiling  about  his  neck,  kissed  him  ; 
whereupon  the  spell  was  broken,  the 
serpent  became  a  lovely  princess,  and  sir 
Lybius  made  her  his  wife. — Libeaux  (a 
romance). 

Sindbad,  a  merchant  of  Bagdad,  who 
acquired  great  wealth  by  merchandize. 
He  went  seven  voyages,  which  he  related 
to  a  poor  discontented  porter  named 
Hindbad,  to  show  him  that  wealth  must 
be  obtained  by  enterprise  and  personal 
exertion. 

First  Voyage.  Being  becalmed  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  he  and  some  others  of  the 
crew  visited  what  they  supposed  to  be  an 
island,  but  which  was  in  reality  a  huge 
whale  asleep.  They  lighted  a  fire  on  the 
whale,  and  the  heat  woke  the  creature, 
which  instantly  dived  under  water.  Sind- 
bad was  picked  up  by  some  merchants, 
and  in  due  time  returned  home. 

Second  Voyage.  Sindbad  was  left,  during 
sleep,  on  a  desert  island,  and  discovered 
a  roc's  egg,  "  fifty  paces  in  circum- 
ference." He  fastened  himself  to  the 
claw  of  the  bird,  and  was  deposited  in 
the  valley  of  diamonds.  Next  day,  some 
merchants  came  to  the  top  of  the  crags, 
and  threw  into  the  valley  huge  joints  of 
raw  meat,  to  which  the  diamonds  stuck, 
and  when  the  eagles  picked  up  the  meat, 
the  merchants  scared  them  from  their 
nests,  and  carried  off  the  diamonds. 
Sindbad  fastened  himself  to  a  piece  of 
meat,  was  carried  by  an  eagle  to  its  nest, 
and  being  rescued  by  the  merchants,  re- 
turned home  laden  with  diamonds. 

Third  Voyage  is  the  encounter  with 
the  Cyclops.  (See  Ulysses  and  Poly- 
PHEMOS,  where  the  account  is  given  in 
detail.) 

Fourth  Voyage.  Sindbad  married  a 
lady  of  rank  in  a  strange  island  on  which 
lie  was  cast;  and  when  his  wife  died,  he 
was  buried  alive  with  the  dead  body, 
according  to  the  custom  of  the  land,  lie 
made  his  way  out  of  the  catacomb,  and 


returned  to  Bagdad,  greatly  enriched  by 
valuables  rifled  from  the  dead  bodies. 

Fifth  Voyage.  The  ship  in  which  he 
sailed  was  dashed  to  pieces  by  huge 
stones  let  down  from  the  talons  of  two 
angry  rocs.  Sindbad  swam  to  a  desert 
island,  where  he  threw  stones  at  the 
monkeys,  and  the  monkeys  threw  back 
cocoa-nuts.  On  this  island  Sindbad  en- 
countered and  killed  the  Old  Man  of  the 
Sea. 

Sixth  Voyage.  Sindbad  visited  the 
island  of  Serendib  (or  Ceylon),  and 
climbed  to  the  top  of  the  mountain  "where 
Adam  was  placed  on  his  expulsion  from 
paradise." 

Seventh  Voyage.  He  was  attacked  by 
corsairs,  sold  to  slavery,  and  employed  in 
shooting  elephants  from  a  tree.  He  dis- 
covered a  tract  of  hill  country  completely 
covered  with  elephants'  tusks,  communi- 
cated his  discovery  to  his  master,  obtained 
his  liberty,  and  returned  home. — Arabian 
Nights  ("Sindbad  the  Sailor"). 

Sindbad,  Ulysses,  and  the  Cy 
clops.     (See  Ulysses  and  Polyphe- 
mos.) 

Sin'el,  thane  of  Glamis,  and  father 
of  Macbeth.  He  married  the  younger 
daughter  of  Malcolm  II.  of  Scotland. 

Sing  (Sadha),  the  mourner  of  the 
desert. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Singe  de  Racine  (Le),  Campistron, 
the  French  dramatic  poet  (1656-1723). 

Singing  Apple  (The),  in  the  deserts 
of  Libya.  This  apple  resembled  a  ruby 
crowned  with  a  huge  diamond,  and  had 
the  gift  of  imparting  wit  to  those  who 
only  smelt  of  it.  Prince  Chery  obtained 
it  for  Fairstar.     (See  Singing  Tree.) 

The  singing  apple  Is  as  greet  an  embellisher  of  wit  urn 
the  dancing  water  is  of  beauty.  Would  you  appear  in 
public  as  a  poet  or  prose  writer,  a  wit  or  a  philosopher, 
you  only  need  smell  it,  and  you  are  possessed  at  once  of 
these  rare  gifts  of  genius.— Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Jala 
("  Princess  Fairstar,"  1682). 

Singing  Tree  (The),  a  tree,  every 
leaf  of  which  was  a  mouth,  and  all  tho 
leaves  sang  together  in  harmonious  con- 
cert. —  Arabian  Nights  ("  The  Two 
Sisters,"  the  last  story). 

***  In  the  tale  of  Chery  and  Fairstar, 
"  the  singing  tree  "  is  called  "  the  singing 
apple  "  (</.i\). 

Single-Speech  Hamilton,"VVilliam 
(Jerard  Hamilton,  statesman  (1729-1796). 
His  first  speech  was  delivered  November 
13,  1775,  and    his   eloquence  threw   into 


SINGLETON. 


015 


SIRENS. 


the  shade  every  oratoi  except  Pitt  him- 
self. 

It  wm  uppoeed  that  he  had  exhautted  hhneelf  in  that 

eh,  :mj   had    become  phrslcallj  Incapable   "f 

making  a  «ti>n.i  ;  .-.>  thai  afterwards,  whin  be  reallj  >i >- 1 

BTOTybodj  va    natnralli  ^    nuted,  and 

■nod  peoplsdropped  bll  acquaintance. — I*'  y.iiuci-y  iiraft- 

1806). 

Singleton  (Captain),  the  hero  of  a 
novel  l>y  D.  Defoe,  called  The  Adventures 
vf  Captain  Siw/leton. 

TIk-  aacond  part  [of  RobinMon  Criuoe]  scarcely  rise* 
above  the  leiel  of  CajtCuin  Singleton. — Kncyc.  Urit.,  Art. 

'  U"in:ince." 

Singular   Doctor  (The),   William 
Occam,  Doctor  Singularis  et  Invin 
(1276-1347). 

*#*  The  "  Occam  razor"  was  cntia  non 
sunt  multiplicanda,  "entities  are  not  to 
be  unnecessarily  multiplied."  In  other 
words,  elements,  genera,  and  first  prin- 
ciples are  very  few  in  number. 

Sin'is  or  Sin'nis,  a  Corinthian  robber, 
called  "The  Pine-Bender,"  because  hie 
fastened  his  victims  to  the  branches  of 
two  adjacent  pine  trees  bent  down  by 
force  ;  being  then  left  to  rebound,  they 
tore;  the  victim  to  pieces. — Greek  Fable. 

In  Stephen's  reign,  we  are  told,  "the 
barons  took  those  supposed  to  have  any 
property,  and  indicted  on  them  unutter- 
able tortures.  Some  they  hanged  up  by 
the  feet,  and  smoked  with  foul  smoke  ; 
some  they  hung  by  the  thumbs,  and 
weighted  with  coats  of  mail.  They  tied 
knotted  cords  about  the  heads  of  others, 
and  twisted  the  cords  till  the  pain  went  to 
the  brains  ;  others  they  kept  in  dungeons 
with  adders  and  snakes.  Some  they  tore 
in  pieces  by  fastening  them  to  two  trees  ; 
and  some  they  placed  in  a  crucet  house, 
i.e.  a  chest  short  and  narrow,  in  which 
were  spikes:  the  victims  being  forced  into 
the  chest,  all  their  limbs  were  crushed 
and  broken." — Ingram,  Saxon  Chronicle. 

Sinner  Saved  (A).  Cyra  daughter 
of  I'roterius  of  Cappadoeia  was  on  the 
point  of  taking  the  veil  among  Kmmelia's 
Bisterhood,  and  just  before  the  day  of 
renunciation,  ElCCmon,  her  father's  freed 
slave,  who  loved  her,  Bold  himself  to  the 
devil,  on  condition  of  obtaining  her  for  his 
wife.     He  signed  the  bond  with  a  drop  of 

his  heart's  Mood,  and   carried   about   with 

hi.n  a  little  red  spot,  on  his  breast,  as  a 
perpetual  reminder  of  the  compact.  The 
devil  now  sent  a  dream  to  Cyra,  and 
another  to  her  father,  which  caused  them 
to  change  their  plans  ;  and  on  the  very 
day  that  Cyra  was  to  have  taken  t lie  veil, 
she  was  given  by  St.  Basil  in  marriage  to 
Eleemon,  with  whom  she  lived  happily  for 


many  years,  and  had  a  large  family.    One 

night,  while  her  husband  was  ash  ep, '  ';■  ra 
saw  the  blood-red  spot ;  *'"'  knew  what  it 
meant,  and  next  day  Eleemon  told  her  the 
whole  story.    Cyra  now  bestirred  hi        ' 

to  annul  the  compact,  and  went  wil 
husband  to  St.  Basil,  to  whom  a  fn 

full  confession  was  made.  Eleemon  was 
shut  up  for  a  night  in  a  cell,  and 
would  have  carried  him  off,  but  he  clung 
to  the  foot  of  a  crucifix.  Next  day,  Satan 
met  St.  Basil  in  the  cathedral,  and  de- 
manded his  bond.  St.  Basil  assured  him 
the  bond  was  illegal  and  invalid.  The 
devil  was  foiled,  the  red  mark  vanished 
from  the  skin  of  Eleemon,  a  Binner  was 
saved,  and  St.  Basil  came  off  victorious. 
— Amphilochius,  Life  of  St.  Basil,  t,.^ee 
Rosweyde,   Vita  Patrum,  156-8.) 

%*  Southey  has  converted  this  legend 
into  a  ballad  of  nine  lays  (1829). 

Sinon,  the  crafty  Greek  who  per- 
suaded the  Trojans  to  drag  the  W ten 

Horse  into  their  city.  —  Virgil, 

DantS,  in  his  inferno,  places  Sinon, 
with  I'otiphar's  wife,  Nimrod,  and  the 
rebellious  giants,  in  the  tenth  pit  of 
MalObolgu  (see  p.  473). 

Sin'toisni,  the  primitive  religion  of 
Japan.  It  recognizes  Tien  ("the  sun") 
as  the  supreme  deity,  under  whom  is  a 
crowd  of  inferior  gods  and  godd 
The  priests  eat  no  animal  food.  The 
name  is  derived  from  Sin,  a  demi-god. 

Sintram,  the  Greek  hero  of  the 
German  romance  Sintram  and  His  Com- 
panions, by  baron  Lamotte  Fouque*. 

Sintram" s  Sword,  Welsung. 

Sio'na,  a  seraph,  to  whom   was  coin 
mitted   the  charge  of   Bartholomew   the 
apostle.  —  Klopstock,    The   Messiah,    iii. 
(1748). 

Siph'a,  the  guardian  angel  of  Andrew 
the  brother  of  Simon  Peter.  -  Klopstock, 
The  Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Si'phax,  a  soldier,  in  love  with  prin- 
cess Cubs,  sister  of  Aatorax  king  of 
PaphOB.  The  princess  is  in  love  with 
Polydore  the  brother  of  general  Memnnn 
("the  mad  lover"). — Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher,  I  per  (1617). 

Sir  Oracle,  a  dictatorial  prig,  a 
dogmatic  pedant. 

1  i\m  slrOmcle, 

And  when  1  o] i)  :  -  bark. 

Bhaki   |  >«  o/ rente*,  act  I  sc.l(ia«) 

Sirens,  three  sea-nymphs,  whose 
usual  abode  was  a  small  islajul  near  cape 


SIRLOIN  OF  BEEF. 


916 


SITOPHAGUS. 


Pelorus,  in  Sicily.  They  enticed  Bailors 
ashore  by  their  melodious  singing,  and 
then  killed  them.  Their  names  are 
Parthenope,  Ligeia,  and  LeucothCa. — 
Greek  Fable. 

Sirloin  of  Beef.  James  I.,  on  his 
return  from  a  hunting  excursion,  bo 
much  enjoyed  his  dinner,  consisting  of 
a  loin  of  roast  beef,  that  he  laid  his 
sword  across  it,  and  dubbed  it  sir  Loin. 
At  Chingford,  in  Essex,  is  a  place  called 
"  Friday  Hill  House,"  in  one  of  the 
rooms  of  which  is  an  oak  table  with  a 
In  ass  plate  let  into  it,  inscribed  with  the 
following  words: — "An.  Lovers  of 
Roast  Beef  will  like  to  know  that 
on  this  Tarle  a  Loin  was  knighted 
by  kino  James  the  First  on  his 
Return  from  Hunting  in  Eitino 
Forest." 

Knighting  the  loin  of  beef  is  also 
ascribed  to  Charles  II. 

Our  second  Charles,  of  fame  facete, 

0»  loin  of  beef  did  dine; 
He  held  bis  sword,  plc;iscd,  o'er  the  meat . 
"  Arise,  thou  famed  sir  Loin." 

ballad  o/  the  Jk'ew  Sir  John  Barleycorn. 

Sirocco,  a  wind,  called  the  solano  in 
Spain  ;  the  khamsin  in  Egypt ;  the 
simoom  in  Western  Asia ;  and  the 
harmattan  on  the  coast  of  Guinea.  The 
Italians  say  of  a  stupid  book,  Era  scritto 
in  tempo  dal  scirocco  ("It  was  written 
during  the  sirocco  "). 

Sister  Anne,  sister  of  FatTma  (the 
seventh  and  last  wife  of  Bluebeard). 
Fatinia,  being  condemned  to  death  by 
her  tyrannical  husband,  requested  sister 
Anne  to  ascend  to  the  highest  tower  of 
the  castle  to  watch  f  >r  her  brothers,  who 
were  momentarily  expected.  Bluebeard 
kept  roaring  below  stairs  for  Fatima  to 
be  quick  ;  Fatinia  was  constantly  calling 
out  from  her  chamber,  "Sister  Anne,  do 
you  see  them  coming?"  and  sister  Anne 
was  on  the  watch-tower,  mistaking  every 
cloud  of  dust  for  the  mounted  brothers. 
They  arrived  at  last,  rescued  Fatima,  and 
put  Bluebeard  to  death. — Charles  Per- 
rault,  Contes  ("  La  Barbe  Bleue,"  1697). 

This  is  a  Scandinavian  tale  taken  from 
the  Fol/ts  Soyas. 

Sis'yphos,  in  Latin  Sisyphus,  a 
king  of  Corinth,  noted  for  his  avarice 
and  fraud.  He  was  punished  in  the 
infernal  regions  by  having  to  roll  uphill 
a  huge  stone,  which  always  rolled  down 
again  as  soon  as  it  reached  the  top. 
Sisyphos  is  a  type  of  avarice,  never 
satisfied.      The   avaricious    man    reaches 


the  summit  of  his  ambition,  and  no 
sooner  does  he  so  than  he  finds  the 
object  of  his  desire  as  far  off  as  ever. 

With  many  a  weary  step,  and  many  a  groan. 
Up  the  liigh  hill  he  heaven  a  huge  round  stone; 
The  huge  round  stone,  returning  with  a  bound, 
Thunders  impetuous  down,  and  smokes  along  the  ground. 
Homer,  OdgMcy,  xi.  (Pope's  trans.). 

Sisyphus,  in  the  Milesian  tales,  was 
doomed  to  die,  but  when  Death  came  to 
him,  the  wily  fellow  contrived  to  fasten 
the  unwelcome  messenger  in  a  chair,  and 
then  feasted  him  till  old  Spare-ribs  grew 
as  fat  as  a  prize  pig.  In  time,  Pluto 
released  Death,  and  Sisyphus  was  caught, 
but  prayed  that  he  might  speak  to  his 
wife  before  he  went  to  hades.  The 
prayer  was  granted,  and  Sisyphus  told 
his  wife  not  to  bury  him,  for  though  she 
might  think  him  dead,  he  would  not  be 
really  so.  When  he  got  to  the  infernal 
regions,  he  made  the  ghosts  so  merry 
with  his  jokes  that  Pluto  reproved  him, 
and  Sisyphus  pleaded  that,  as  he  had  not 
been  buried,  Pluto  had  no  jurisdiction 
over  him,  nor  could  he  even  be  ferried 
across  the  Styx.  He  then  obtained 
leave  to  return  to  earth,  that  he  might 
persuade  his  wife  to  bury  him.  Now, 
the  wily  old  king  had  previously  bribed 
Hermes,  when  he  took  him  to  hades,  to 
induce  Zeus  to  grant  him  life,  provided 
he  returned  to  earth  again  in  the  body  ; 
when,  therefore,  he  did  return,  he  de- 
manded of  Hermes  the  fullilment  of  his 
promise,  and  Hermes  induced  Zeus  to 
bestow  on  him  life.  Sisyphus  was  now 
allowed  to  return  to  earth,  with  a  promise 
that  he  should  never  die  again  till  he 
himself  implored  for  death.  So  he  lived 
and  lived  till  he  was  weary  of  living, 
and  when  he  went  to  hades  the  second 
time,  he  was  allotted,  by  way  of  punish- 
ment, the  task  of  rolling  a  huge  stone  to 
the  top  of  a  mountain.  Orpheus  (2  s.y/.) 
asked  him  how  he  could  endure  so  cease- 
less and  vain  an  employment,  and  Sisy- 
phus replied  that  he  hoped  ultimately 
to  accomplish  the  task.  "  Never,"  ex- 
claimed Orpheus ;  "  it  can  never  be 
done!"  "Well,  then,"  said  Sisyphus, 
"  mine  is  at  worst  but  everlasting  hope." 
— Lord  Lytton,  lales  of  Miletus,  ii. 

Sitoph'agUS("  the  wheat-eater"),  one 
of  the  mouse  princes,  who,  being  wounded 
in  the  battle,  crept  into  a  ditch  to  avoid 
further  injury  or  danger. 

The  lame  Sitophagus,  oppressed  with  pain. 
Creeps  from  the  desperate  dangers  of  the  plain  s 
And  when-  the  dltsbn  rising  weeds  supply  .  .  . 
There  lurks  the  silent  mouse  relieved  of  heat. 
And,  mSl  emlMvwerod.  avoids  Ibc  chance  of  fat*. 
Piui.ull.  ItallUi  a/  Cm  J-'r  iji  uiui  J/ic«,  til.  (about  17U1 


SIWARD. 


917 


SKIFFIXS. 


The  last  two  lines  might  be  amended 
thus  : 

Tliero  lurks  tiin  trembling  mouse  with  bated  bronth. 
Ami,  bid  bom    ..  In  tent  death. 

Si  ward  [Se'.ward],  the  earl  of  Nor- 
thumberland, and  general  of  the  English 
forces  acting  against  Macbeth. — Shake- 
b  pear*,  Macbeth  (lGOfi). 

Six  Chronicles  (The).     Dr.   Giles 

compiled  and  edited  six  Old  English 
Chronicles  for  Bonn's  series  in  is  is. 
They  are  :  Ethelwerd's  Chronicle,  Asser's 
Life  of  Alfred,  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's 
British  History,  Gildas  the  Wise,  Nennius's 
History  of  the  Britons,  and  Richard  of 
Cirencester  On  the  Ancient  Shite  of 'Britain. 
The  last  three  were  edited,  in  1757,  by 
professor  Bertram,  in  his  Scriptores  Tres, 
but  great  doubt  exists  on  the  genuineness 
of  Dr.  Bertram's  compilation.  (See 
Tkrbb  Writers.) 

Six  Islands  ( The),  which  constitu- 
ted "Great  iirittany"  before  the  Saxon 
period,  were  Ireland,  Iceland,  Gothland, 
the  Orkneys,  Norway,  and  Dacia  (or 
Denmark). 

Six  Months'  War  ( The),  the  great 
war  between  Prussia  .and  France.  The 
emperor  (Napoleon  III.)  left  St.  Cloud 
Julv  28,  1870,  and  l'aris  capitulated 
January  28,  1871. 

Sixpenny  "War  (The),  the  0.  I'. 
(old  jirice)  riot  of  Covent  Garden  in  1809. 
So  called  because  the  managers  tried  to 
raise  the  price  of  admission  from  3s.  6<Z. 
to  4s.  If  the  managers  had  not  given 
way,  the  newly  built  theatre  would  have 
been  utterly  dismantled. 

Sixteen-String  Jack,  John  Kami, 
a  highwayman.  He  was  a  groat  fop, 
and  wore  sixteen  tags  to  bis  breeches, 
eight  at  each  knee  (hanged  177-1). 

Dr.  Johnson  sniil  that  Qray"i  poebrj  towered  above  the 

ordinary  run  of  verse,  as  Sixteen-String  Jack  above  the 
ordinary  foot-pad.— l'.o.well,  l.i/c  of  Juluuun  (1781). 

Skefnngton,  author  of  Sleeping 
Beauty,  Mauls  and  Bachelors,  etc. 

Anil  sure  graai  Skelllnirtoii  must  claim  our  [muse 
For  sklrtlea  coats,  and  ikeletonaol  playa, 
Ebnron,  SngUih  Hard*  and  Soefaa  Aniotwn  (isou). 

Skeggs  (Miss  Carolina  WUhelmina 
Amelia),  the  companion  of  "  lady  Blar- 
ney." These  were  two  Hash  women 
introduced  by  squire  Thornhill  to  the 
Primrose  family,  with  a  view  of  beguiling 
the  two  eldest  daughters,  who  were  both 
rWJ  beautiful.  Sir  William  Thornhill 
thwarted  their  infamous  purpose. — Gold- 
smith,  Vicar  of  Wakefield  (1766). 


Skeleton  at  the  Feast.  Plutarch 
says  that  in  Egyptian  banquets  u>w>%r<\m 
the  close  a  servant  brought  in  a  skeleton, 
and  cried  aloud  to  the  guests,  "  l>>ok  on 
this  !  Eat,  drink,  and  be  merry,  for  to- 
morrow you  die!"  BerodotOS  says  the 
skeleton  was  a  wooden  one,  about  i 
inches  in  length.     (See  1  Cor.  xv.  32.) 

The  stranger  feasted  at  his  board  ; 
But,  like  the  skeleton  at  the  I 
Tli.-it  warning  timepiece  never  ceased  : 
"  r'nr  ever— Never !  Never— Pot  ever  I " 

Longfellow,  7Vu>  Old  Cluck  on  the  Stalrt. 

Skelton  (Sam),  a  smuggler.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Bedgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Sketchley  (Arthur),  George  Rose, 
author  of  Mrs.  Brown  (her  observations 
on  men  and  objects,  politics  und  manners, 
etc.). 

Skettles  (Sir  Barnet),  of  Fulham. 
He  expressed  his  importance  by  an 
antique  gold  snutV-box  and  silk  band  • 
kerchief.  His  hobby  was  to  extend  bis 
acquaintances,  and  to  introduce  people 
to  each  other.  Skettles,  junior,  was  a 
pupil  of  l>r.  Blimber. — C.  Dickens, 
Dombey  and  Son  (184(1). 

Skevington's  Daughter,  an  in- 
strument of  torture  invented  by  Skeving- 
ton,  lieutenant  of  the  Tower  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  It  consisted  of  abroad 
iron  hoop,  in  two  parts,  jointed  with  a 
hinge.  The  victim  was  put  into  the 
hoop,  which  was  then  squeezed  close  and 
locked.  Here  he  remained  for  about  an 
hour  and  a  half  in  the  most  inexpressible 
torture.  (Generally  corrupted  into  the 
"  Scavenger's  Daughter.") 

Skewton  ('Ihe  Hon.   Mrs.),  m< 
of    Edith    (Mr.    Dombey's    second  wife). 
Having  once  been  a   beauty,  she    painted 
when     old     and    shrivelled,     became     eii- 
thusiastlC  about   the  "  charms  of  nature."' 

and    reclined    in   her  bath-chair  in   the 

attitude     she     assumed    in    her    baroiicho 

when  young  and  well  off.     A  fashionable 

artist  had  painted  her  likeness  in  this 
attitude,  and  called  bis  picture  ,,Cleo- 
patra."       The    lion.    Mrs.   Skewtou    was 

the  sister  of    the  late  lord   Feenix,  and 

aunt   to    the   present    lord. — C.    Dickens, 
and  's"'i  ( 1846 1. 

Skies,  snobs,  blackguards.  At  West- 
minster School  the  boys  call  themselves 
ifomans,  and  the  "town"  1  otoci,  contracted 

into  'set,  and  corrupted  into  "  skies." 

"Snowball  the  skleel"  thought  1.  n>'t  knowing  that 
■Ides"   aud    blackguards   wire  qmonymoui    terms.— 
Lord  W.  i'.  Lennox,  (MaMHaa,  ctc.\.  i. 

Skifhns  (Miss),  an  angular,  middle- 


SKIMPOLE. 


918 


SLANG. 


aged  ■woman,  *vho  wears  "  green  kid 
gloves  when  dressed  for  company."  She 
marries  Wemmick. — C.  Dickens,  Great 
Expectations  (1860). 

Skimpole  (Harold),  an  amateur 
artist,  always  sponging  on  his  friends. 
Under  a  plausible,  light-hearted  manner, 
he  was  intensely  selfish,  but  Mr.  Jarndyce 
looked  on  him  as  a  mere  child,  and 
believed  in  him  implicitly. — C.  Dickens, 
Bleak  House  (1852). 

(The  original  of  this  character  was 
Leigh  Hunt,  who  was  greatly  displeased 
at  the  skit.) 

Skin  (The  Man  without  a),  Richard 
Cumberland.  So  called  by  Garrick,  on 
account  of  his  painful  sensitiveness  of 
all  criticism.  The  same  irritability  of 
temper  made  Sheridan  caricature  him  in 
The  Critic  as  "  sir  Fretful  Plagiary " 
(1732-1811). 

Skinfaxi  ("  shining  mane"),  the 
horse  which  draws  the  chariot  of  day. — 
Scandinavian  Mythology. 

Skofnung,  the  sword  of  king  Rolf 
the  Norway  hero,  preserved  for  centuries 
in  Iceland. 

Skogan.    (See  Scogan.) 

Skreigh  (Mr.),  the  precentor  at  the 
Gordon  Arms  inn,  Kippletringan. — Sir 
\V.  Scott,  Guy  Manncring  (time,  George 
II.). 

Skulls.  The  skulls  of  the  ancient 
Persians  were  so  thin-boned  that  a  small 
pebble  would  break  them  ;  whereas  those 
of  the  Egyptians  were  so  thick  in  the 
bone  that  they  would  not  break  even  with 
the  blow  of  a  huge  stone. — Herodotos, 
History  (in  nine  books,  called  "  The 
Nine  Muses  "). 

Skulls  at  Banquets.  Plutarch 
tells  us  that  towards  the  close  of  an 
Egyptian  feast  a  servant  brought  in  a 
skeleton,  and  cried  to  the  guests,  "  Eat, 
drink,  and  be  merry,  for  to-morrow  you 
die ! " 

Like  skulls  at  Memplilan  banquets. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  iil.  65  (1820) 

Skurliewhitter  (Andrew),  the 
scrivener. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of 
Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Sky-Lark,  a  lark  with  the  "  skies  " 
cr  'scis.  The  Westminster  boys  used  to 
style  themselves  Romans,  and  the 
"town"  Voisci;  the  latter  word  was 
curtailed  to  'sci  [sky],  A  row  between 
the  Westminsteriana  and  the  town  roughs 


was  called  a  'sci-lark  or  a  lark  with  the 
Voisci. 

Skyresh  Bol'golam,  the  high 
admiral  or  galbet  of  the  realm  of  Lilliput. 
— Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  ("  Voyage  to 
Lilliput,"  iii.,  1726). 

S.  L.  Laud  ordered  William  Prynne 
to  be  branded  on  both  cheeks  with  the 
letters  S.  L.,  meaning  "Schismatic  libel- 
ler ;  "  but  Prynne  insisted  that  the  letters 
stood  for  Stigmata  Laudis  ("Laud's  dis- 
grace "). 

Slackbridge,  one  of  the  "hands" 
in  Bounderby's  mill  at  Coketown.  Slack- 
bridge  is  an  ill-conditioned  fellow,  ill 
made,  with  lowering  eyebrows,  and 
though  inferior  to  many  of  the  others, 
exercises  over  them  a  great  influence. 
He  is  the  orator,  who  stirs  up  his  fellow- 
workmen  to  strike. — C.  Dickens,  Hard 
Times  (1854). 

Slammerkin  (Mrs.).  Captain  Mac- 
heath  says  of  her,  "  She  is  careless  and 
genteel."  "  All  you  fine  ladies,"  he  adds, 
"who  know  your  own  beauty,  affect  an 
undress." — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera,  ii. 
1  (1727). 

Slander,  an  old  hag,  of  "  ragged, 
rude  attyre,  and  filthy  lockes,"  who 
sucked  venom  out  of  her  nails.  It  was 
her  nature  to  abuse  all  goodness,  to  frame 
groundless  charges,  to  "steale  away  the 
crowne  of  a  good  name,"  and  "  never 
thing  so  well  was  doen,  but  she  with 
blame  would  blot,  and  of  due  praise 
deprive." 

A  foulc  and  loathly  creature  sure  In  sight. 
And  In  conditions  to  be  loathed  no  lesse  ; 
For  she  was  stuft  with  rancour  and  despight 
Up  to  the  throat,  that  oft  with  bitternesse 
It  forth  would  breake  and  Kush  in  great  eicesse, 
l'o  ring  out  streanies  of  poyson  and  of  gall 
"Gainst  all  that  truth  or  vertue  doe  professe. 
Whom  she  wiUi  leasmgs  lewdly  did  miscall. 
And    wickedly   backbite.     Her  name  men  "Sclaunder 
calL 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  IV.  vlii.  24  (15961. 

Slang,  from  Slangenberg,  a  Dutch 
general,  noted  for  his  abusive  and  ex- 
aggerated  epithets  when  he  reproved  the 
men  under  his  command.  The  etymon 
is  suited  to  this  dictionary,  and  the  fol- 
lowing are  not  without  wit: — Italian, 
s-liwjiui,  s  negative  and  lin<jua  =:  "  bad 
language;"  French,  esclandrc,  "  an  event 
which  gives  rise  to  scandal,"  hence,  /aire 
esctanare,  "to  expose  one  to  scandal," 
causer  </(•  Pescandre,  "to  give  ground  for 
scandal  ;"  Greek,  skanddlon,  "an  offence, 
a  scandal."  "  Slangs,"  fetters  for  male- 
factors. 


SLANGO. 


919 


SLEEPER. 


Slango,  ft  lad,  servant  of  Gaylove 
a  young  barrister.  lie  dresses  up  as  a 
woman,  and  when  squire  Sapskull  comes 
bom  Yorkshire  for  a  wife,  Slango  passes 
himself  off  as  Arbella.  In  the  mean  time, 
Gaylove  assumes  the  airs  and  manners  of 
a  Yorkshire  tike,  and  marries  Arbella, 
with  whom  he  is  in  love. — Carey,  The 
Honest  Yorkshireman  (173li). 

Slawken-Ber'gius  Hafen,  an 
imaginary  author,  distinguished  for  the 
great  length  of  his  nose.  In  the  Life 
awl  Opinions  of  Tristram  Shawl;/  (by 
Sterne),  Slawken-Bergius  is  referred  to 
as  a  great  authority  on  all  lore  connected 
with  noses,  and  a  curious  tale  is  intro- 
duced from  his  hypothetical  works  about 
a  man  with  an  enormously  long  nose. 

No  nose  enn  be  justly  nnipufcit^l  by  the  public,  not 
even  the  uose  of  Slawken-BorKlujj  himself. — Curlylo. 

Slaygood  (tfw«<),  master  of  a  gang 
of  thieves  which  infested  the  King's 
highway.  Mr.  Greatheart  slew  him,  and 
rescued  Feebleuiind  from  his  grasp  in  a 
duel. — Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Froyj-ess,  ii. 
(1684). 

Slea'ry,  proprietor  of  the  circus  at 
Coketown.  A  stout  man,  with  one  eye 
fixed  and  one  loose,  a  voice  like  the 
etl'orts  of  a  broken  pair  of  bellows,  a 
flabby  skin,  and  muddled  head.  He  was 
never  sober  and  never  drunk,  but  always 
kind-hearted.  Tom  Gradgrind,  after 
robbing  the  bank,  lay  concealed  in  this 
circus  as  a  black  servant,  till  Sleary  con- 
nived at  his  escape.  This  Sleary  did  in 
gratitude  to  Thomas  Gradgrind,  Esq., 
M.P.,  who  adopted  and  educated  Cecilia 
Jnpe,  daughter  of  his  clown,  signor 
Jupe. 

Josephine  Sleary,  daughter  of  the  circus 
proprietor,  a  pretty  ^cirl  of  18,  who  had 
been  tied  on  a  horse  at  two  years  old, 
and  had  made  a  will  at  12.  This  will 
she  carried  about  with  Iter,  and  in  it  she 
signified  her  desire  to  be  drawn  to  the 
grave  by  two  piebald  ponies.  Josephine 
married  I'..  \V.  I'-.  Childers  of  her  father's 
circus. — C.  Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1864). 

Sleek  (Aminadah),  in  The  Serious 
Family,  a  comedy  by  Morris  Barnett. 

Sleeper  (The).  Almost  all  nations 
have  a  tradition  about  Borne  Bleeper,  who 
will  wake  after  a  long  period  of  dor- 
mancy. 

American  (North).  RlF  van  Winki.k, 
a  Dutch  colonist  of  New  York,  slept 
twenty   years    in   the   Kaatskill   Moun- 


tains  of  North  America. — Washington 
Irving. 

American  (South),  Sebastian  L,  sup- 
posed to  have  fallen  in  the  battle  of 
Alcazarquebir,  in  1678,  is  only  . 
and  will  in  due  time  tiwake,  return  to 
life,  and  make  Brazil  the  chief  kingdom 
of  the  earth. 

Arabian  Legends.  Mahomxed  Mo 
hadi,  the  twelfth  iman,  is  only  Bleepin  ;, 
like  Charlemagne,  till  Antichrist  appears, 
when  he  will  awake  in  his  strength,  and 
overthrow  the  great  enemy  of  all  true 
believers. 

Nouiuahad  is  only  in  a  temporary 
sleep,  waiting  the  fulness  of  time. 

British  Traditions.  Ktsa  Arthur  is 
not  dead  in  Avillon,  but  is  merely  m<  ta- 
morphosed  into  a  raven.  In  due  time  he 
will  awake,  resume  his  proper  person, 
claim  the  throne  of  Britain,  and  make  it 
the  head  and  front  of  all  the  kingdoms 
of  the  globe.  "Because  kin:,'  Arthur 
bears  for  the  nonce  the  Bemblance  of  a 
raven,  the  people  of  Britain  never  kill  a 
raven"  (Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  ii.  6). 

Gtheth  slept  500  years  by  the  en- 
chantment of  Merlin.  She  was  the 
natural  daughter  of  king  Arthur  and 
Guendolen,  and  was  thus  punished  be- 
cause she  would  not  put  an  end  to  a  com  • 
bat  in  which  twenty  knights  were  mortally 
wounded,  including  Merlin's  son. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Bridal  of  Triermain  (1813). 

Merlin,  the  enchanter,  is  not  dead, 
but  "sleeps  and  sighs  in  an  old  tree, 
spell-bound  by  Vivien." — Brit     .  I 

St.  David  was  thrown  into  an  en- 
chanted Bleep  by  Ormandine,  but  after 
sleeping  for  seven  years,  was  awoke  by 
Merlin. 

French  Legend.  The  French  slain  in 
the  Sicilian  Vrspbrb  are  not  really 
dead,  but  they  sleep  for  the  time  being, 
awaiting  the  day  of  retribution. 

German  Legends.  Barbarossa  with 
six  of  his  knights  sleep  iii  Kyffhausberg, 
in  Thuringia,   till  the  fulness    of   time, 

when  they  will  awake  and  make  ( lennany 
the  foremost,  kingdom  of  the  earth.  The 
beard  of  the  red    kin;,'  has   already  crown 

through   the  table  slab  at  which   he  is 

sitting,  but  it  must,  wind  itself  three 
times    round   the   table   before   his  - 

advent.  Barbarossa  occasionally  waken 
and  asks,   "Is  it.  time?"  when  a  voicf 

replies,  "  Not.  yet.      Sleep  on." 

Charlemagne  is  not  dead,  but  omy 
asleep   in    Untersberg,    near    Saltzburg, 

waiting  for  the  advent  of  Antichrist, 
when  he  will  rouse  from  his  slumber,  go 


SLEEPER. 


920 


SLEEPER  AWAKENED. 


forth  conquering,  and  will  deliver  Chris- 
tendom that  it  may  be  fit  for  the  second 
advent  and  personal  reign  of  Christ. 

Charles  V.  kaiser  of  Germany  is 
only  asleep,  waiting  his  time,  when  he 
will  awake,  return  to  earth,  "  resume  the 
monarchy  over  Germany,  Portugal,  Spain, 
Belgium,  the  Netherlands,  and  Denmark, 
putting  all  enemies  under  his  feet. 

Knkz  Lazar,  of  Servia,  supposed  to 
have  been  slain  by  the  Turks  in  1389,  is 
m»t  really  dead,  but  has  put  on  sleep  for 
a  while,  and  at  an  allotted  moment  he  will 
re-appear  in  his  full  strength. 

Grecian  Legends.  Endym'ion,  a  beau- 
tiful youth,  sleeps  a  perpetual  sleep  in 
Latmos.  Selene  (the  moon)  fell  in  love 
with  him,  kissed  him,  and  still  lies  by 
his  side.  In  the  British  Museum  is  an 
exquisite  statue  of  Endymion  asleep. — 
Greek  Fable. 

Kpimkn'ides  (5  syl.)  the  Cretan  poet 
was  Bent  in  boyhood  to  search  for  a  stray 
sheep ;  being  heated  and  weary,  he 
stepped  into  a  cave,  and  fell  asleep  for 
fiftv-seven  vears.  Epimenides,  we  are 
told,  attained  the  age  of  154,  157,  229, 
and  some  say  289  years. — Pliny,  History, 
vii.  12. 

Irish  Traditions.  Brian,  surnamed 
"  Boroimhe,"  king  of  Ireland,  who  con- 
quered the  Danes  in  twenty  pitched 
battles,  and  was  supposed  to  have  been 
slain  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  in  1014, 
was  only  stunned.  He  still  sleeps  in  his 
castle  of  Kincora,  and  the  day  of  Ire- 
land's necessity  will  be  Brian's  oppor- 
tunity. 

Desmond  of  Kilmallock,  in  Lime- 
nck,  supposed  to  have  perished  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  is  only  sleeping  under 
the  waters  of  lough  Gur.  Every  seventh 
year  lie  re-appcars  in  full  armour,  rides 
jound  the  lake  early  in  the  morning,  and 
will  ultimately  re-appear  and  claim  the 
family  estates. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Nigel. 

Jewish  Legend.  Elijah  the  prophet 
is  not  dead,  but  sleeps  in  Abraham's 
bosom  till  Antichrist  appears,  when  he 
will  return  to  Jerusalem  and  restore  all 
things. 

tan  Tradition.  Elijah  Mansir, 
warrior,  prophet,  and  priest  in  Asiatic 
Russia,  tried  to  teach  a  more  tolerant 
form  of  Islam,  bat  was  looked  on  as  a 
heretic,  and  condemned  to  imprisonment 
in  the  bowels  of  a  mountain.  There  he 
sleeps,  waiting  patiently  the  summons 
which  will  he  given  him,  when  he  will 
awake,  and  wave  his  conquering  sword  to 


the  terror  of  the  Muscovite. — Milner, 
Gallery  of  Geography,  781. 

Scandinavian  Tradition.  OlafTrygg- 
VASONkingof  Norway,  who  was  baptized 
in  London,  and  introduced  Christianity 
into  Norway,  Iceland,  and  Greenland. 
Being  overthrown  by  Swolde  king  of 
Sweden  (a.d.  1000),  he  threw  himself 
into  the  sea  and  swam  to  the  Holy  Land, 
became  an  anchorite,  and  fell  asleep  at  a 
greatly  advanced  age  ;  but  he  is  only 
waiting  his  opportunity,  when  he  will 
sever  Norway  from  Sweden,  and  raise  it 
to  a  first-class  power. 

Scottish  Tradition.  Thomas  of  Er- 
celdounk  sleeps  beneath  the  Eildon 
Hills,  in  Scotland.  One  day,  an  elfin 
lady  led  him  into  a  cavern  in  these  hills, 
and  he  fell  asleep  for  seven  years,  when 
he  revisited  the  upper  earth,  under  a  bond 
that  he  would  return  immediately  the 
elfin  lady  summoned  him.  One  day,  as 
he  was  making  merry  with  his  friends,  he 
heard  the  summons,  kept  his  word,  and 
has  never  since  been  seen. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Minstrelsy  of  the  Scottish  Border. 

Spanish  Tradition.  BOBADIL  el  Chico, 
last  of  the  Moorish  kings  of  Granada,  lies 
spell-bound  near  the  Alhambra,  but  in  the 
day  appointed  he  will  return  to  earth  and 
restore  the  Moorish  government  in  Spain. 

Swiss  Legend.  Three  of  the  family  of 
Tell  sleep  a  semi-death  at  Riitli,  waiting 
for  the  hour  of  their  country's  need, 
when  they  will  wake  up  and  deliver  it. 

%*  See  Seven  Sleepers. 

Sleeper  Awakened  (The).  Abou 
Hassan,  the  son  of  a  rich  merchant  at 
Bagdad,  inherited  a  good  fortune  ;  but, 
being  a  prudent  man,  made  a  vow  to 
divide  it  into  two  parts  :  all  that  came 
to  him  from  rents  he  determined  to  set 
apart,  but  all  that  was  of  the  nature  of 
cash  he  resolved  to  spend  on  pleasure. 
In  the  course  of  a  year  he  ran  through 
this  fund,  and  then  made  a  resolve  in 
future  to  ask  only  one  guest  at  a  time 
to  his  board.  This  guest  was  to  be  a 
stranger,  and  never  to  be  asked  a  second 
time.  It  so  happened  that  the  caliph 
Haroun-al-Raschid,  disguised  as  a  mer- 
chant, was  on  one  occasion  his  guest,  and 
heard  Abou  Hassan  say  that  he  wished 
he  were  caliph  for  one  day,  and  he  would 
punish  a  certain  iman  for  tittle-tattling. 
Haroun-al-Kaschid  thought  that  he  could 
make  capital  of  this  wish  for  a  little 
diversion  ;  so,  drugging  the  merchant's 
wine,  he  fell  into  a  profound  sleep,  was 
conveyed  to  the  palace,  and  on   waking 


SLEEPER  AWAKENED. 


921 


SLIP. 


was  treated  as  the  caliph.  He  ordered 
the  mian  to  be  punished,  and  sent  his 
mother  a  handsome  gift;  hut  at  night, 
another    Bleeping    draught  being    given 

him,  he  was  carried  hack  to  his  own 
house.  When  he  woke,  he  could  not 
decide  if  he  had  been  in  a  dream  or  not, 
hut  his  conduct  was  so  strange  that  he 
was  taken  to  a  mad-house.  He  was  con- 
fined for  several  days,  and,  being  dis- 
charged, the  caliph  in  disguise  again 
visited  him,  and  repeated  the  same  game, 
so  that  next  day  he  could  not  tell  which 
had  been  the  dream.  At  length  the 
mystery  was  cleared  up,  and  he  was 
given  a  post  about  the  caliph's  person, 
and  the  sultana  gave  him  a  beautiful 
slave  for  his  wife.  Abou  Hassan  now 
played  a  trick  on  the  caliph.  He  pre- 
tended to  be  dead,  and  sent  his  young 
wife  to  the  sultana  to  announce  the  sad 
news.  Zobeida,  the  sultana,  was  very 
much  grieved,  and  gave  her  favourite  a 
sum  of  money  for  the  funeral  expenses. 
On  her  return,  she  played  the  dead 
woman,  and  Abou  Hassan  went  to  the 
caliph  to  announce  his  loss.  The  caliph 
expressed  his  sympathy,  and,  having 
given  him  a  sum  of  money  for  the 
funeral  expenses,  went  to  the  sultana 
to  speak  of  the  sad  news  of  the  death  of 
the  young  bride.  "The  bride?"  cried 
Zobeida;  "you  mean  the  bridegroom, 
commander  of  the  faithful."  "  No,  I 
mean  the  bride,"  answered  the  caliph, 
"  for  Abou  Hassan  has  but  just  left  me." 
"That  cannot  be,  sire,"  retorted  Zobeida, 
"for  it  is  not  an  hour  ago  that  the  bride 
was  here,  to  announce  his  death."  To 
settle  this  moot  point,  the  chief  of  the 
eunuchs  was  sent  to  see  which  of  the  two 
was  dead ;  and  Abou,  who  saw  him 
coming,  got  the  bride  to  pretend  to  be 
dead,  and  set  himself  at  her  head  be- 
wailing, so  the  man  returned  with  the 
report  that  it  was  the  bride  who  was  dead, 
and  nut  the  bridegroom.  The  sultana 
would  not  believe  him,  and  sent  her  aged 

nurse  to  ascertain  the  fact.  As  she 
approached,  Abon  Hassan  pretended  to  lie 
dead,  and  the  bride  to  be  the  wailing 
widow;  accordingly  the  nurse  Contra- 
dicted the  report  of  the  eunuch.  The 
caliph  and  sultana,  with  the  nurse  and 
eunuch,  then  all  went  to  Bee  for  them- 
selves, and  Found  both  apparently  dead. 
The  caliph  now  said  he  would  give  1000 
pieces  of  gold  to  know  which  died  lirst, 
when  Abou  Hassan  cried,  "Commander 
of  the  faithful,  it  was  1  who  died  first." 
The    trick    was    found    out,    the    caliph 


nearly  died  with  laughter,  and  the  jest 
proved  a  little  mine  of  wealth  to  the 
court  favourite. — Arabian  Nights. 

Sleepers.    (See  Skvf.n  Sleepers.) 

Sleeping  Beauty  (The),  a  lady 
who  sleeps  in  a  castle  a  hundred  years, 
during  which  time  an  impenetrable  wood 
springs  up  around  the  castle  ;  hut  being 
at  length  disenchanted  by  a  young 
prince,  she  marries  him.  The  brothers 
Grimm  have  reproduced  this  tale  in  Ger- 
man. The  old  Norse  tale  of  Brynhild 
and  Sigurd  seems  to  be  the  original  of 
The  Sleeping  Beauty. — Perrault,  Contea 
du  Temps  ("  La  Pelle  au  Hois  Dormant," 
1697). 

(Tennyson  has  poetized  this  nursery 
story.) 

Sleepner,  the  horse  of  Odin. 

Slender,  one  of  the  suitors  of  "sweet 
Anne  Page."  His  servant's  name  is 
Si  in  |  ile.  Slender  is  a  country  lout, 
cousin  of  justice  Shallow.  —  Shakespeare, 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor  (1596). 

Slender  is  a  perfect  satire  ...  on  the  brilliant  youth  of 
theprorincea  .  .  .  before  the  Introduction  of  m  i 

and  turnpike  roads;  awkward  .-uul  boobyisb  among  dri] 
people,  but  at  borne  In  rude  sports,  and  proud  of  exploits 
at  which  the  town  would  laugh, — Hallaul. 

Slender  and  sir  Andrew  Ague-cheek  arc  fools  troubled 
with  an  uneasy  eonaciousnesi  of  their  folly,  which  in  the 
latter  produces  a  most  edifying  meekness  and  docility,  and 
in  the  former  awkwardness,  obstinacy,  ajid  confusion.— 
Btacaular. 

Slick  (Sun),  judge  Thomas  Chandler 
Haliburton  of  Nova  Scotia,  author  of  Tin 
Ctockmaker  ( IS37). 

Sam  Slick,  a  Yankee  clocktnaker  and 
pedlar,  wonderfully  'cute,  a  great  ob- 
server, full  of  quaint  ideas,  droll  wit, 
odd  fancies,  surprising  illustrations,  and 
plenty  of  "soft  sawder."  Judge  Hali- 
burton wrote  the  two  series  called  Sam 
Slick  or  the  Clockmaker  (1837). 

Sliderfikew  (/V./).  the  hag-hkc 
housekeeper  of  Arthur  Gride,  She  robi 
her  master  of  Dome  deeds,  and  thereby 
brings  on  'lis  ruin. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholai 

SligO  '!>>•.),  of  Ireland.  He  looks 
with  contempt  on  his  countryman,  l'r. 
OsasafraS|  because  be  is  but  &  parvenu, 

T      That's  a  MMM  of  no  note.      lb    Is  not  a 

I  m  wre.    Ti^  family.  1  appose,  cane  over 

the  other  da]   *ith  Btrongbnw,  rv><  abore  seven  x 

hundred  >i:ir»  n^o—  Koote,  r»«  J><  >u  njon  n*e  .soots 

11768) 

Slingsby    (Jonathan    Fr^ke),    John 
Francis   W-'ier,  author  of  The  Siuujsby 
(1662),  etc. 

Slip,  tb«  "alet  of  young  ILirlowe  (pw 


SLIPPERS. 


922 


SLUDGE. 


of  sir  Harry  Harlowe  of  Dorsetshire). 
He  schemes  with  Martin,  a  fellow-ser- 
vant, to  contract  a  marriage  between 
Martin  and  Miss  Stockwell  (daughter  of 
a  wealthy  merchant),  in  order  to  get 
possession  of  £10,000,  the  wedding  por- 
tion. The  plan  was  this  :  Martin  was  to 
pass  himself  off  as  young  Harlowe,  and 
marry  the  lady  or  secure  the  dot ;  but 
Jenny  (Miss  Stockwell's  maid)  informs 
Belford,  the  lover  of  Miss  Stockwell, 
and  he  arrests  the  two  knaves  just  in 
time  to  prevent  mischief. — Garrick,  Neck 
or  Nothing  (1766). 

Slippers  which  enabled  the  feet  to 
walk,  knives  that  cut  of  themselves,  and 
sabres  which  dealt  blows  at  a  wish,  were 
presents  brought  to  Vathek  by  a  hideous 
monster  without  a  name. — \V.  Beckford, 
Vathek  (1784). 

Slippery  Sam,  a  highwayman  in 
eaptain  Macheath'e  gang.  Peachum  says 
lie  should  dismiss  him,  because  "the 
villain  hath  the  impudence  to  have  views 
of  following  his  trade  as  a  tailor,  which 
?>"  calls  an  honest  employment." — Gay, 
Cite  Beggar's  Opera,  i.  (1727). 

Slipslop  (Mrs.),  a  ladv  of  frail 
-norals. — Fielding,  Joseph  Andrews  (1742). 

Slo-Fair,  Chichester,  the  October 
fair,  when  the  beasts  were  sold  for 
slaughter,  that  they  might  be  salted  down 
for  winter  use.  The  next  month  (Novem- 
ber) was  called  Blot-monath  or  "  Blood- 
month,"  being  the  time  when  the  beasts 
were  killed.  (Old  English,  slean,  sldh, 
"to  slaughter;"  blot,  "blood,  sacrifice," 
from  bldtan,  "to  shed  blood.") 

Some  idea  may  be  gathered  of  the 
enormous  number  of  animals  salted  down 
in  November,  from  the  mere  residue  left 
in  fcL<s  larder  of  the  elder  Spencer,  in 
May,  1327.  There  were  "80  salted 
beeves,  500  bacons,  and  600  muttons." 

Slop  (Dr.),  sir  John  Stoddart,  M.D., 
editoi  of  the  New  Times,  who  entertained 
an  int-une  hatred  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte, 
called  by  him  "The  Corsican  Fiend." 
Willibm  Hone  devised  the  name  from 
Stoddart's  book  entitled  Stop's  Share  at 
a  Broken  Hone  (1320),  and  Thomas  Moore 
helped  to  popularize  it  (1773-1856). 

Slop  (Dr.),  a  choleric,  enthusiastic,  and 
bigoted  physician.  He  breaks  down 
Tristr.tm's  nose,  and  crushes  uncle  Toby's 
flngen  to  a  jelly  in  attempting  to  demon- 
sttatc  the  use  and  virtues  of  a  newly 
invented    pair   of    obstetrical    forceps. — 


Sterne,  The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Tristram 
Shandy,  Gentleman  (1759). 

(Under  this  name,  Sterne  ridiculed  Dr. 
Burton,  a  man-midwife  of  York.) 

Slopard  (Dame),  wife  of  Grimbard 
the  brock  or  badger,  in  the  beast-epic  of 
Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Sloppy,  a  love-child  brought  up  by 
Betty  Higden,  for  whom  he  turned  the 
mangle.  When  Betty  died,  Mr.  Boffin 
apprenticed  him  to  a  cabinet-maker. 
Sloppy  is  described  as  "  a  very  long  boy, 
with  a  very  little  head,  and  an  open 
mouth  of  disproportionate  capacity  that 
seemed  to  assist  his  eyes  in  staring."  It 
is  hinted  that  he  became  "  the  prince"  of 
Jenny  Wren,  the  dolls'  dressmaker. 

Of  an  ungainly  make  was  Sloppy.  There  vas  too  much 
of  him  longwise,  too  little  of  him  broadwise,  and  too 
many  ehnrp  angles  of  him  ongle-wi  e.  .  .  .  He  had  a  con- 
siderable capital  of  knee,  and  elbow,  and  wrist,  and 
ankle.  Full-private  Number  One  in  the  awkward  squad 
was  Sloppy. — C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  friend,  I.  i.  18 
(1SS4). 

Slough  of  Despond  (The),  a  deep 
bog,  which  Christian  had  to  pass  on  his 
way  to  the  Wicket  Gate.  Neighbour 
Pliable  would  not  attempt  to  pass  it, 
and  turned  back.  While  Christian  was 
floundering  in  the  slough,  Help  came  to 
his  aid,  and  assisted  him  over. 

The  name  of  the  slouch  was  Despond.  Here  they 
wallowed  for  a  time,  and  Christian,  beaiUBB  of  Uie  burden 
that  was  on  his  back,  l«x:aii  to  sink  into  the  mire.  This 
miry  slough  is  such  a  place  as  cannot  be  mended.  It  is  the 
descent  whither  the  nam  and  filth  that  attends  conviction 
of  sin  doth  continually  run,  and  therefore  Is  it  called  tlie 
Slough  of  Despond ;  for  still,  as  the  sinner  is  awakened 
about  his  luet  condition,  Uiere  arise  in  his  soul  many 
fears  and  doubts  and  discouraging  apprehensions,  which 
all  of  tin  in  get  together,  and  settle  in  this  place,  and  this 
is  the  reason  of  the  badness  of  this  ground. — Bunyau. 
1'ilgriirit  Proip-eu.  i.  (1678). 

Slowboy  (Tilbj),  nurse  and  general 
help  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peerybingle.  She 
"  was  of  a  spare  and  straight  shape, 
insomuch  that  her  garments  appeared  to 
be  in  constant  danger  of  sliding  off  her 
shoulders.  Her  costume  was  remarkable 
for  its  very  partial  development,  and 
always  afforded  glimpses  at  the  back  of 
a  pair  of  dead-green  stays."  Miss  Tilly 
was  very  fond  of  baby,  but  had  a  sur- 
prising talent  for  getting  it  into  diffi- 
culties, bringing  its  head  in  perpetual 
contact  with  doors,  dressers,  stair-rails, 
bedposts,  and  so  on.  Tilly,  who  had 
been  a  foundling,  looked  upon  the  house 
of  Peerybingle  the  carrier  as  a  royal 
residence,  and  loved  both  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Peerybingle  with  all  the  intensity  of  an 
undivided  affection. — C.  Dickeus,  Tkt 
Cricket  on  the  Hearth  (18  15). 

Sludge   (Gammer),  the  landlady   of 


SLUM. 


923 


SMATRASH. 


Erasmus  Holiday    the    schoolmaster  La 
W'Jiito  Horse  Vale. 
Dickie    Sludge   or    "  Flibbertigibbet," 

her    dwarf    grandson. — Sir    W.    Scott, 
Keniluorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Slum  (Mr.),  a  patter  poet,  who 
dressed  en  mUitaire.  He  called  on  Mrs. 
Jarley,  exhibitor  of  wax-works,  all  by 
accident.  "What,  Mr.  Slum?"  cried 
the  lady  of  the  wax-work  ;  "  who'd  have 
thought  of  seeing  you  here  ?"  "  'Pon  my 
■oul  and  honour,"  said  Mr.  Slum, 
'  that's  a  good  remark  !  Ton  my  soul 
anil  honour,  that's  a  wise  remark  .  .  . 
Why  1  came  here?  'Pon  my  soul  and 
honour,  I  hardly  know  what  I  came 
here  for  .  .  .  What  a  splendid  classical 
thing  is  this,  Mrs.  Jarley!  'Pon  my  soul 
and  honour,  it  is  quite  Minervian!" 
"  It'll  look  well,  I  fancy,"  observed  Mrs. 
Jarley.  "Well!"  said  Mr.  Slum;  "it 
would  be  the  delight  of  my  life,  'pon  my 
soul  and  honour,  to  exercise  my  Muse  on 
such  a  delightful  theme.  By  the  way — 
any  orders,  madam  ?  Is  there  anything 
[  can  do  for  you?"  (ch.  xxviii.). 

"Ask  the  perfumers,"  said  the  military  gentleman, 
"ask  the  blacking-makers,  ask  the  hatters,  ask  the  old 
lottery  office   keepers,    ask   any  man   among   'em    what 

Soetry  has  done  for  him,  and  mark  my  word,  he  blesses 
if  name  of  Sluiu." — C.  Dickens,  The  Old  L'urivtity  Shop 
|1S4U). 

Slumkey  (Samuel),  "  blue"  candidate 
for  the  representation  of  the  borough  of 
Eatanswill  in  parliament.  His  opponent 
is  Horatio  Fizkin,  who  represents  the 
"  buff  "  interest. — C.  Dickens,  The  Pick- 
wick Papers  (1836). 

Sly  (Christopher),  a  keeper  of  bears, 
and  a  tinker.  In  the  induction  of 
Shakespeare's  comedy  called  Taming  of 
the  Shrew,  Christopher  is  found  dead 
drunk  by  a  nobleman,  who  commands 
his  servants  to  take  him  to  his  mansion 
and  attend  on  him  as  a  lord.  The  trick 
is  played,  and  the  "  commonty "  of 
Taming  of  the  Shrew  is  performed  for 
the  delectation  of  the  ephemeral  lord. 

A  similar  trick  was  played  by  Haroun- 
al-Raschid  on  a  rich  merchant  named 
Abou  Hassan  (see  Arabian  Nights,  "The 
Sleeper  Awakened").  Also  by  Philippe 
le  Son  of  Burgundy,  on  his  marriage 
with  Eleanora  (see  Burton,  Anatomy  "if 
Melancholy,  ii.  2,  A,  1624). 

Slyme  (Ohevg),  one  of  old  Martin 
Chuzzlewit's  numerous  relations.  1 1 •  -  is 
a  drunken,  good-for-nothing  vagabond, 
but  his  friend  Montague  Tigg  considers 
him  "an  unappreciated  genius."  His 
chief    peculiarity   consists   in   his  always 


being  "  round  the  corner." — C.  Dickens, 
Mir  tin  Chuzzlcu.it  (1844). 

Small  (Gilbert),  the  pinmaker,  a 
hardworking  old  man,  who  Loves  his  ton 

most  dearly. 

Thomas  Smalt,  the  son  of  Gilbert,  a 
would-be  man  of  fashion  ami  maccaroni. 

Very  conceited  of  his  line  person,  he 
thinks  himself  the  very  <,rlass  of  fashion. 
Thomas  Small  resolves  to  make  a  fortune 
by  marriage,  and  allies  himself  to  Kate, 
who  turns  out  to  be  the  daughter  oi 
the  cobbler. — S.  Knowles,  The  Beggar  of 
Bethnal  Green  (1834). 

Small  Beer  (To  .  .  .  Chronicle^. 
"  To  suckle  fools,  and  chronicle  small 
beer  "  (Iago).  —  Shakespeare,  Othello, 
act  ii.  sc.  1  (1G11). 

Small     Beer     Poet     [The),     W. 

Thomas  Fitzgerald.  He  is  now  known 
only  for  one  line,  quoted  in  the  S  I 

Addresses:  "The  tree  of  freedom  is  the 
British  oak."  Cobbett  gave  him  the 
sobriquet  ( 1759-1 829). 

Small-Endians,  a  "religious  sect" 
in  Lilliput,  who  made  it  an  article  of  or- 
thodoxy to  break  their  eir^s  at  the  small 
end.  By  the  Small-endiana  is  meant  the 
protestant  party  ;  the  Roman  Catholics 
are  called  the  Hig-endians,  from  their 
making  it  a  sine  una  rum  for  all  true 
Churchmen  to  break  their  eggs  at  the  big 
end. — Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  ("Voyage 
to  Lilliput,"  1726). 

Smallweed  Family  (7",  .  a 
grasping,   ill-conditioned   lot,  consisting 

of  grandfather,  grandmother,  and  the 
twins  Bartholomew  and  Judy.  The 
grandfather  indulges  in  vituperative  ex- 
clamations against,  his  aged  wife,  with  or 
without  provocation,  and  Sings  at.  her 
anything  he  can  lay  his  hand  on.  He 
becomes,  however,  bo  dilapidated  at  last 

that  he  lias  to  be  shaken  ii[p  by  his 
amiable  granddaughter  Judy  in  order  to 

be  aroused  to  consciousness. 

Bart.,    i.e.    Ba  illweed, 

a     youth    who     moulds     himself     on    the 

model  of  Mr.  Guppy,  the  lawyer's  clerk 
in  the  office  of  Kenge  and  Carboy. 
lie  prides  himself  on  being  "a  limb 
id'  the  law."  though  under  l"i  y< 

age  ;  indeed,  it  is  reported  of  him  that,  his 
lirst  long  clothes  were  made  out  f  .1 
lawyer's  blue  bag. — C.  Dickens,  lileak 
House  (1852). 

Sma'trash  (Eppie),  the  ale-woman 
at    Wolfs  Hope  village. — Sir   W.   Scott, 


8MAUKER. 


924 


SMITH. 


Bride   of   Lammermoor    (time,   William 
III.). 

Sroauker  {John),  footman  of  Angelo 
Cyrus  Bantam.  He  invites  Sam  Weller 
to  a  "  swarry  "  of  "  biled  mutton." — C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Smectym'nuus,  the  title  of  a 
celebrated  pamphlet  containing  an  attack 
upon  episcopacy  (1641).  The  title  i3 
composed  of  the  initial  letters  of  the  five 
writers,  SM  (Stephen  Marshall),  EC 
(Edmund  Calamy),  TY  (Thomas  Young), 
MN  (Matthew  Newcomen),  TJUS 
(William  Spurstow).  Sometimes  one  U 
is  omitted.  Butler  says  the  business  of 
synods  is : 

To  find,  in  lines  of  beard  and  (ace, 

The  physiognomy  of  "  Grace ;  " 

And  by  (lie  sound  and  twang  of  nose. 

If  all  be  sound  within  disclose  .  .  . 

The  handkerchief  about  the  neck 

(Canonical  cravat  of  Smeck, 

From  whom  the  institution  came 

When  Church  and  State  they  set  on  flame  .  .  .) 

Judge  rightly  if  "  regeneration  " 

Be  of  the  newest  cut  in  fashion. 

Ifudibras.  L  3  (1663). 

Srnelfungus.  Smollett  was  so  called 
by  Sterne,  because  his  volume  of  Tmvcls 
through  France  and  Italy  is  one  per- 
petual snarl  from  beginning  to  end. 

The  lamented  Srnelfungus  travelled  from  Boulogne  to 
Paris,  from  Paris  to  Home,  and  so  on  ;  but  he  set  out 
with  the  spleen  and  .jaundice,  and  every  object  lie  |>;issed 
by  was  discoloured  or  distorted.  He  wrote  an  account  of 
them,  but  'twas  nothing  but  the  account  of  his  own 
miserable  feelings. — Sterne,  Sentimental  Journey  (1768), 

Smell  a  Voice.  When  a  young 
prince  had  clandestinely  visited  the 
young  princess  brought  up  in  the  palace 
of  the  Flower  Mountain,  the  fairy  mother 
"Violenta  said,  "I  smell  the  voice  of  a 
man,"  and  commanded  the  dragon  on 
which  she  rode  to  make  search  for  the 
intruder.  —  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tales  ("The  White  Cat,"  1682)". 

Bottom  says,  in  the  part  of  "  Py ra- 
mus : " 

I  see  a  voice,  now  will  I  to  the  chink, 
To  spy  an  I  can  hear  my  Thisbe's  face. 
Shakespeare,    Midsummer  Xii/ht's   Dream,   act  V. 
sc  1  (15!«). 

Smike  (1  syl.),  a  poor,  half-starved, 
half-witted  boy,  the  son  of  Kalph 
Nickleby.  As  the  marriage  was  clandes- 
tine, the  child  was  put  out  to  nurse,  and 
neither  its  father  nor  mother  ever  went  to 
see  it.  When  about  seven  years  old,  the 
child  was  stolen  by  one  Brookcr,  out  of 
revenge,  and  put  to  school  at  DotheboyB 
Hall,  Yorkshire.  Brooker  paid  the  school 
fees  for  six  years,  and  being  then  trans- 
ported, the  payment  ceased,  and  the  boy 
was  made  a  sort  of  drudge.  Nicholas 
Nickleby  took  pity  on  him,  and  when  he 


left,  Smike  ran  away  to  join  his  friend, 
who  took  care  of  the  poor  half-witted 
creature  till  he  died  (see  pp.  594-5, 
original  edit.). — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas 
Nickleby  (1838). 

Smiler,  a  sheriff's  officer,  in  A  Regular 
Fix,  by  J.  M.  Morton. 

Smilinda,  a  lovelorn  maiden,  to 
whom  Sharper  was  untrue.  Pope,  in  his 
eclogue  called  The  Basset  Table  (1715), 
makes  Cordelia  and  Smilinda  contend  on 
this  knotty  point,  "  Who  suffers  most, 
she  who  loses  at  basset,  or  she  who  loses 
her  lover?"  They  refer  the  question  to 
Betty  Lovet.  Cordelia  stakes  her  "lady's 
companion,  made  by  Mathers,  and  worth 
fifty  guineas,"  on  the  point ;  and  Smilinda 
stakes  a  snuff-box,  won  at  Corticelli's  in 
a  raffle,  as  her  pledge.  When  Cordelia 
has  stated  the  iron  agony  of  loss  at  cards, 
and  Smilinda  the  crushing  grief  of  losing 
a  sweetheart,  "  strong  as  a  footman  and 
as  his  master  sweet,"  Lovet  awards  the 
lady's  companion  to  Smilinda,  and  the 
snuff-box  to  Cordelia,  and  bids  both  give 
over,  "  for  she  wants  her  tea."  Of 
course,  this  was  suggested  by  Virgil's 
Eclogue,  iii. 

Smith.  In  the  Leisure  Hour  we  read  : 
"  During  a  period  of  seventeen  vears 
(from  1838  to  1854,  both  inclusive),  the 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages  of  the 
Smiths  registered  amounted  to  286,037, 
and  it  is  calculated  that  the  families  of 
Smith  in  England  are  not  less  than 
53,000." 

\*  Thi3  must  be  a  very  great  mis- 
calculation. 286,037,  in  seventeen  years, 
gives  rather  more  than  16,825  a  year,  or 
a  marriage,  death,  or  birth  to  every 
three  families  per  annum  (nearly).  If 
the  registration  is  correct,  the  number  of 
families  must  be  ten  times  the  number 
stated. 

Smith  (Henry),  alias  "  Henry  Gow," 
alias  "  Gow  Chrom,"  alias  "  Hal  of  Hie 
Wynd,"  the  armourer,  and  lover  of 
Catharine  Glover,  whom  at  the  end  f-e 

marries. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Stnith  (Mr.),  a  faithful  confidential 
clerk  in  the  bank  of  Dornton  and  Sulky. 
— Holcroft,  The  Road  to  Pnin  (1792). 

Smith  (Rainy-Day),  John  Thoma» 
Smith,  antiquary  (1766-1833). 

Smith  (  Wayland),  an  invisible  farrier, 
who  haunted  the  "  vale  of  White  Horse," 
in    Berkshire,    where    three    fiat    stone" 


SMITH'S  PRIZEMAN. 


925 


SNEAK. 


supporting  a  fourth  commemorate  the 
place  of  bis  stithy.  His  Fee  whs  six- 
pence, and  he  was  offended  if  more  were 
offered  him. 

Sir  W.  Scott  has  introduced  him  in 
Kerulxoorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Smith's  Prizeman,  one  who  has 
obtained  the  prize  (£'2;'))  founded  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge  by  Robert 
Smith,  D.D.,  once  Master  of  Trinity. 
Two  prizes  are  awarded  annually  to  two 
commencing  bachelors  of  arts  for  pro- 
ficiency in  mathematics  and  natural 
philosophy. 

Srnolkin,  a  punic  spirit. 

Peace,  Smolkin,  peace,  thou  fiend  I 
Shakespeare,  King  Lear,  act  iii.  sc.  4  (1G0.V. 

Smollett  of  the  Stagw  (The), 
George  Farquhar  (1678-1707). 

Smotherweli  (Stephen),  the  exe- 
cutioner.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  vf 
Perth  (time,  Iienry  IV.). 

8myr'neanPoet(77«),Mimnenno8, 
born  at  Smyrna  (11.  B.C.  630). 

Snacks,  the  hard,  grinding  steward 
of  lord  Lackwit,  who  by  grasping  got 
together  £"2(j,000.  When  lord  Lackwit 
died,  and  the  property  came  to  Robin 
Iioughhead,  he  toadied  him  with  the 
greatest  servility,  but  Robin  dismissed 
him  and  gave  the  post  to  Frank. — Ailing- 
ham,  Fortune's  Frolic. 

Snaggs,  a  village  portrait-taker  and 
tooth-drawer.  Hesays,  "  I  draws  off  heads 
and  draws  out  teeth,"  or  "I  takes  ofE 
heads  and  takes  out  teeth."  Major 
Touchwood,  having  diessed  himself  up 
to  look  like  his  uncle  the  colonel,  pre- 
tends to  have  the  tooth-ache.  Snaggs, 
being    sent   for,    prepares    to    Operate    OB 

the  colonel,  and  the  colonel  in  a  towering 

rage  sends  him  to  the  right  about. — T. 
Dibdin,  What  Next  ! 

Snags'by  (J/'".),  the  law-stationer  in 
Cook's  Court,  Cursitor  Street.  A  very 
mild  specimen  of  the  "  spear  half,"  in 
terrible  awe  of  his  termagant  wife,  whom 
he  calls  euphemistically  "bis  Little 
woman."  lie  preceded  most  of  Ins 
remarks  by  the  words,  "  N"t  to  put  too 
line  a  point  upon  it." — C.  Dickens,  Bleak 
House  (1852). 

Snail,  the  collector  of  customs,  near 
Ellangowan  House. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
Matmerittg  (time,  George  II.). 

Snailsfoot    {Bryce)t   the  jagger  or 


pedlar.-  Sir  \V.   Scott,  The  l'irale  (time, 
William  III.). 

Snake  (Mr.),  a  traitorous  ally  of 
lady  SneerweU,  who  has  the  effrontery 
to  say  to  her,  "  Ton  paid  mi 
Liberally  for  propagating  the  tie,  hut 
unfortunately  I  have  been  offered  double 
to  speak  the  truth."     He  says  : 

All,  sir,  oonsHer,  I  live  by  the  baseness  of  my 
character ;  Mid  if  it  w.-re  onee  known  tliat  I  bare  Iwi 
betrayed  mi"  in  honejl  :»inn,  I  tball  !"«■  srary  Hand  I 
have  in  the  wurM.— Sheriilan.  Helmut  fur  Heatuiai,  T. 
3  (1777). 

Snap,  kne  representation  of  a  Ura^on 
which  lor  many  years  was  carried  about 
thi  city  of  Norwich  on  Guild  day  in 
giand  procession  with  flags  and  banners, 
bands  of  music,  and  whifflers  with  swords 
to  clear  the  way,  all  in  fancy  costume. 
Snap  was  of  L'reat  Length,  a  man  was  in 
the  middle  id'  t he  beast  to  carry  it,  and 
caused  its  head  to  turn  and  jaws  to  0]  •  D 
an  amazing  width,  that  half-pence  might 
be  tossed  into  it  and  caught  in  a  bag. 
The  procession  was  stopped  in  the  year 
1824,  when  Snap  was  laid  up  in  St. 
Andrew's  Hall. 

At  Met/,  a  similar  procession  used  to 
take  place  annually  on  St.  Mark's  Day, 
the  French  Snap  being  called  "  St.  Cle- 
ment's  dragon." 

Snare  (I  syl.),  sheriff's  officer. — 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  IV.  (] 

Snaw'ley,  "  in   the    oil    and   colotaa 

line."     A  "  sleek,  Hat-nosed  man,  bearing 

in    his    countenance     an    expression    of 

mortification  and  sanctity." — C.  Dickens, 

is  Nichleby,  iii.  (1X38). 

Sneak  (Jerry),  a  hen-pecked  pin- 
maker;  a  paltry,  pitiful,  prying  sneak. 
If  ever  he  summoned  up  a  lilt  le  manliness, 
his  wife  would  begin  to  cry,  and  .lerry 
was  instantly  softened. 

Ulster  Sneak)  .  .  •  ttManetanl  f  Gamut, 

in  oonilderetton  "f  foot  k'rvat  parti  andabfUtii  I 

of  itapecl  to  their  landlord  lb  Jacob,  ban  "***-l""*Jf 
choaui  you  mnrnr    Art  ii. 

Jerry  Snciik  hai  bat the  Oie  >>f  henjiccked  bus. 

banJi.—  IVaajala  liar,  iixi  (1S70). 

Mrs.  Steak,  wife  of  .lerry,  a  do- 
mineering tartar  of  a  woman,  who  keeps 
her     lord     and     master     well     under     bet 

thumb.  She  is  the  daughter  "i  sir  Jacob 
Jollup. — S.  Foote,  The  Mayor  of  irarratt 
(1763). 

Jerry     Steak     Russell.      So    Samuel 
Russell  the  actor  was  called,  because  of, 
his  inimitable  representation  of  ".'erry 
Sneak,"    which    was  .piitc   a  hit  (176(5- 
1845). 


SNEER. 


926 


SNOUT. 


Sneer,  a  double-faced  critic,  who  carps 
at  authors  behind  their  backs,  but  fawns 
on  them  when  thev  are  present  (see  act 
i.  1).— Sheridan,  The  Critic  (1779). 

Sneerwell  {Lady),  the  widow  of  a 
City  knight.  Mr.  Snake  says,  "  Every 
one  allows  that  lady  Sneerwell  can  do 
more  with  a  word  or  a  look  than  many 
can  with  the  most  laboured  detail,  even 
when  they  happen  to  have  a  little  truth 
on  their  side  to  support  it." 

Wounded  myself,  in  the  early  part  of  my  life,  by  the 
envenomed  tongue  of  slander,  I  confess  I  have  since 
known  no  pleasure  equal  to  the  reducing  of  others  to  the 
level  of  my  own  reputation. — Sheridan,  School  for  Scan- 
dal, i.  1  (1777). 

Miss  Farren  took  leave  of  the  stage  in  1797,  and  her 
concluding  words  were  :  "  Let  me  tequest,  lady  Sneerwell. 
that  you  will  make  my  respects  to  the  scandalous  college 
of  which  you  are  a  member,  and  inform  them  that  lady 
Teazle  [about  to  be  countess  of  Hsrby],  licentiate,  begs 
leave  to  return  the  diploma  they  granted  her,  as  she  now 
leaves  offpractice,  and  kills  characters  no  longer."  A  burst 
of  applause  followed,  and  no  more  of  the  play  was  listened 
to.— Mrs.  C.  Mathews. 

Sneeze  into  a  Sack  (To),  to  be 
guillotined. 

Who  kissed  La  Guillotine,  looked  through  the  little  win- 
dow and  sneezed  into  the  sack. — C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of 
Two  Cities,  iil.  i  (1859). 

Sneezing.  A  person  who  sneezed 
was  at  one  time  supposed  to  be  under  the 
influence  of  fairies  and  demons,  and  as 
the  name  of  God  repelled  all  evil  spirits, 
the  benediction  of  "God  bless  you!" 
drove  away  the  demon,  and  counteracted 
its  influence. 

Judge  Haliburton  has  a  good  paper 
"  On  Sneezing,"  in  Temple  Bar,  345 
(1875). 

Bid.  I  have  often,  Dr.  Skeleton,  had  it  In  my  head  to 
ask  some  of  the  faculty,  what  can  tie  the  reason  that  when 
a  man  happens  to  sneeze,  all  the  company  bows. 

Sket.  Sneezing,  Dr  Bulruddery,  was  a  mortal  symptom 
that  attended  a  pestilential  disease  which  formerly  de- 
populated the  republic  of  Athens  ;  ever  since,  when  that 
onvulsion  occurs,  a  short  ejaculation  is  offered  up  that  the 
sneezing  or  sternuting  party  may  not  be  afflicted  with  the 
same  distemper. 

Hal.  Upon  my  conscience,  a  very  learned  account !  Ay, 
and  a  very  civil  institution  tool — Bickerstaff  and  Foote, 
l)r  Last  in  Hit  Chariot  (1769). 

Snevellicci  (Mr.),  in  Crummle's 
company  of  actors.  Mr.  Snevellicci 
plays  the  military  swell,  and  is  great  in 
the  character  of  speechless  noblemen. 

Mrs.  Snevellicci,  wife  of  the  above,  a 
dancer  in  the  same  theatrical  company. 

Miss  Snevellicci,  daughter  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Snevellicci,  also  of  the  Portsmouth 
Theatre.  "  She  could  do  anything,  from 
a  medley  dance  to  lady  Macbeth."  Miss 
Snevellicci  laid  her  toils  to  catch  Nicholas 
Nickieby,  but  "the  bird  escaped  from 
the  nets  of  the  toiler." — C.  Dickens, 
Nicholas  Nickieby  (1838). 

Snitchey    and  Craggs,  lawyers. 


It  was  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Thomas  Cragga 
that  "everything  is  toe  easy,"  especially 
law  ;  that  it  is  the  duty  of  wise  men  to 
make  everything  as  difficult  as  possible, 
and  as  hard  to  go  as  rusty  locks  and 
hinges  which  will  not  turn  for  want  of 
greasing.  He  was  a  cold,  hard,  dry  mail, 
dressed  in  grey-and-white  like  a  flint, 
with  small  twinkles  in  his  eyes.  Jona- 
than Snitchey  was  like  a  magpie  or 
raven.  He  generally  finished  by  saying, 
"  I  speak  for  Self  and  Craggs,"  and,  after 
the  death  of  his  partner,  "for  Self  and 
Craggs  deceased." 

Mrs.  Snitchey  and  Mrs.  Craggs,  wive» 
of  the  two  lawyers.  Mrs.  Snitchey  was, 
on  principle,  suspicious  of  Mr.  Craggs  ; 
and  Mrs.  Craggs  was,  on  principle,  sus- 
picious of  Mr.  Snitchey.  Mrs.  Craggs 
would  say  to  her  lord  and  master  : 

Your  Snitcheys  indeed  I  I  don't  see  what  you  want 
with  your  Snitcheys,  for  my  part.  You  trust  a  great  deal 
too  much  to  your  Snitcheys.  I  think,  and  I  hope  you  may 
never  find  my  words  come  true. 

Mrs.  Snitchey  would  observe  to  Mr. 
Snitchey : 

Snitchey,  If  ever  you  were  led  away  by  man.  take  my 
word  for  it,  you  are  led  away  by  Craggs ;  and  if  ever  I  can 
read  a  double  purpose  in  mortal  eye.  I  can  read  it  in 
Craggs's  eye.— C.  Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Life.  ii.  (1846). 

Snodgrass  (Augustus),  M.P.C.,  a 
poetical  young  man,  who  travels  about 
with  Mr.  Pickwick,  "  to  inquire  into  the 
source  of  the  Hampstead  ponds."  Ho 
marries  Emily  Wardle. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Snoring  (Great).  "  Rector  of  Great 
Snoring,"  a  dull,  prosy  preacher. 

Snorro  Sturleson,  last  of  the  great 
Icelandic  scalds  or  courtpoets.  He  wan 
author  of  the  Younger  Edda,  in  prose 
and  of  the  Heimskringla,  a  chronicle  in 
verse  of  the  history  of  Norway  from  the 
earliest  times  to  the  year  1177.  The 
Youn<jer  Edda  is  an  abridgment  of  the 
Rhythmical  Edda  (see  S.kmund  Sigfls- 
son).  The  Heimskringla  appeared  in 
1230,  and  the  Younger  Edda  is  often 
called  the  Snorro  Edda.  Snorro  Sturleson 
incurred  the  displeasure  of  Hakon  king 
of  Norwav,  who  employed  assassins  to 
murder  him  (1178-1241). 

%*  The  Heimskringla  was  translated 
into  English  by  Samuel  Laing  in  1841. 

Snout  (Tom),  the  tinker,  who  takes 
part  in  the  "tragedy"  of  Pyramns  and 
Thisbe,  played  before  the  duke  and 
duchess  of  Athens  "  on  their  wedding 
day  at  night."  Next  to  Peter  Quince 
ami  Nick  Bottom  the  weaver,  Snout  was 
by   far  the  most  self-important  man  of 


SNOW  KING. 


927 


SOFRoMV. 


the  troupe.  He  was  cast  for  Pyramus  S 
father,  hut  has  nothing  to  Bay,  and  does 
n«a  even  pnt  in  an  appearance  during  the 
play.— Shakespeare,  Midsummer  Night  8 
Dream  (1692). 

Snow  King  (The),  Gustavns  Adol- 
phus  of  Sweden,  king  of  Sweden,  killed 
in  the  Thirty  lears'  War,  at  the  battled 
Lntzen.  The  cabinet  of  Vienna  said,  in 
derision  of  him,  "The  Snow  King  is 
come,  huthe  can  live  only  in  the  north, 
and  will  melt  awav  as  soon  as  he  feels 
the  sun"  (1594,  1611-1632). 

At  Vienna  he  was  called,  in  derision,  "  The  Snow  Kins," 
who  was  kept  together  by  the  cold,  bat  would  melt  and 
disappear  at  hi-  approached  a  warmer  soil.— Dr.  Crichton, 
Scandinavia  ("Uustuvus  Adolphus.    lL  61). 

Snow  Kin)  (The),  Frederick  elector 
palatine,  made  kin;,'  of  Bohemia  by  the 
protestants  in  the  autumn  of  1619,  but 
defeated  and  set  aside  in  the  following 
autumn. 

The  winter  king,  king  in  times  of  frost,  a  snow  king, 
altogether  soluble  in  the  spring,  is  the  name  which 
Frederick  obtains  In  German  histories.— Carlyle. 

Snow  Kingdom  (Tla),  Inistore, 
the  Orkney  Islands. 

Let  no  vessel  of  the  kingdom  of  snow  [Xorwayl  bound 
Oil  the  dark-rolling  waves  of  Inistore.— Ossmn.  t  inyal.  i. 

SllOW  Queen  (The),  Christiana 
queen  of  Sweden  (1626,  1633-1689). 

The  princess  Elizabeth  of  England, 
who  married  Frederick  V.  elector  pala- 
tine, in  1013,  and  induced  him  to  accept 
the  crown  of  Bohemia  in  1619.  She  was 
crowned  with  her  husband  October  25, 
1019,  buttled  in  November,  1620,  and  was 
put  under  the  ban  of  the  empire  m  1621. 
Elizabeth  was  queen  of  Bohemia  during 
the  time  of  snow,  but  was  melted  by  the 
heat  of  the  ensuing  summer. 

Snowdonia  {The  king  of),  Mocl-y- 
Wyddfa  ("  the  conspicuous  peak  ),  the 
highest  peak  in  Snowdonia,  being  3571 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Snubbin  (Serjeant),  retained  by  Mr. 
Pcrker  for  the  defence  in  the  famous 
»se  of  "lhirdell  v.  Pickwick."  His 
-lerk  was  named   Mallard,  and  his  junior 

Phunky,  "  aninfanl  banister,"  very  much 

Looked    down     upon   by    his     senior.— 0. 

Dickens,  The  PiokwicA  Papers  (1886). 

Snuffim  (.s'<>  Tumley),  the  doctor  who 
attends  Mrs.  Wititterly.— C.  Dickena, 
Nicholas  Nickteby  (1838). 

Bpnffla  (Simon),  the  sexton  of  Gar- 
ratt,  and  one  of  the  corporation.  He  was 
called  a  "  scollard,  for  he  could  read  a 
written  hand."— S.  Foote,  Mayor  vj  Uar- 
ratt,  ii.  1  (17G3). 


Snug,  the  joiner,  who  takes  part  in  the 
"  lamentable  eome.lv"  of  Pyramu  i  i « 
.  played  before  the  duke  and  duchi  - 
of  Athens  "on  their  iredding  day  at 
night."  His  rdle  was  the  "  Lion's  part 
He  asked  the  manager  (Peter  Quince  if 
he  had  the  "lion's  part  mitten   out,  lor. 

said  he,  "  1  am  slow  of  memory ;"  but  being 

told  he  could    do   it    extempore,    "for   it 

was  nothing  but  roaring,"  hi  I  tri 

undertake  it.— Shakespeare,  A  Midsumnu  r 
Night's  Dream  (1592). 

Soane  Museum  (The),  the  museum 
collected  by  sir  John  Soane,  architect,  and 
preserved  on  its  original  Bite,  No.  13,  Lin- 
coln's Inn  Fields,  the  private  residence  of 
the  founder  (1753-1837). 

Sobri'no,  one  of  the  most  valiant  of 
the  Saracen  army,  and  called  ' 
lie  counselled  Adamant  to  entrust  the 
fate  of  the  war  to  a  single  combat,  stipu- 
lating that  the  nation  whose  champion  was 
worsted  should  be  tributary  to  the  other. 
Rogerowas  chosen  for  the  pagan  cham- 
pion, and  Rinaldo  for  the  Christian  army; 
but  when  Rogero  was  overthrown,  Agra- 
mant  broke  the  compact.  Sobrino  was 
greatly  displeased,  and  soon  afterwards 
received  the  rite  of  Christian  baptism.— 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Who   more   prudent    than    Sobrino  T-Cervantes.    Con 
QuUute  (lOoi). 

Soc'ratSs  (The  English).  Dr.  Johnson 
is  so  called  by  BoBwell  (1709-1784). 

Mr    South-s  amiable  manner,  and  attachment  to  001 
SocrM&i  at  once  united  me  to  huu.— Lt/e  o/  Jo* 
I17s(l). 

Sodom  of  India,  Ey'derabad.     So 

called  from  the  beauty  of  the  country  and 

the  depravity  of  the  inhabitants. 

Sodor  and  Man.  Sodor  is  a  con- 
traction of  Sodorensis.  The  sudor-eysot 
todor-eys means  ••the  southern  isles,     the 

bishop'  Of     Sodor  and    Man   is   bishop  M 

Man  and  the  southern  isles. 

Sofronia.  a  young  Christian  of  Jeru- 
salem, the  heroine  of  an  episode  m  La- 

Jerusalem  DeHeered  (1675).  The  tale  is 
this  :  Aladine  king  of  Jerusalem  stole 
from  a  Christian  church  an  image  oi  the 
Virgin,  being  told  i-v  s  magician  thai  it 

was  a  palladium. and,  it  '.-ei  upmamoeque,  I 
the  Virgin  would   forsake  the  Christian 

army    and  favour  the  Mohammedan.       I  he 

image  was  accordingly  set  opin  a  mosque, 

but  durum  the  night  was  earned  off  by 
some    one.      Alanine,    greatly  enraged, 

ordered  the  instant  execution  Of   all  his 

Christian   subjects,  but,  to   prevent  thia 


SOFTER  ADAMS,  ETC. 


928     SOLIMAN  THE  MAGNIFICENT. 


massacre,  Sofronia  accused  herself  of  the 
offence.  Her  lover  Olindo,  hearing  that 
Sofronia  was  sentenced  to  death,  presented 
himself  before  the  king,  and  said  that  he 
and  not  Sofronia  was  the  real  offender ; 
whereupon  the  king  ordered  both  to  instant 
execution  ;  but  Clorinda  the  Amazon, 
pleading  for  them,  obtained  their  pardon, 
and  Sofronia  left  the  stake  to  join  Olindo 
at  the  altar  of  matrimony. — Bk.  ii. 

This  episode  may  have  been  suggested 
•by  a  well-known  incident  in  ecclesiastical 
history.  At  Merum,  a  city  of  Phrvgia, 
Amachius  the  governor  of  the  province 
ordered  the  temple  to  be  opened,  and  the 
idols  to  be  cleansed.  Three  Christians, 
inflamed  with  Christian  zeal,  went  by 
night  and  broke  all  the  images.  The 
governor,  unable  to  discover  the  culprits, 
commanded  all  the  Christians  of  Merum 
to  be  put  to  death  ;  but  the  three  who 
had  been  guilty  of  the  act  confessed  their 
offence,  and  were  executed. — Socrates, 
Ecclesiastical  History,  iii.  15  (a.d.  439). 
(See  Sophronia.) 

Softer  Adams  of  your  Academe, 
schoolgirls. — Tennyson,  The  Princess,  ii. 

Soham,  a  monster  with  the  head  of  a 
horse,  four  eyes,  and  the  body  of  a  fiery 
dragon.     (See  Olkaxarad.) 

Soho  (London).  The  tradition  is  that 
this  square  was  so  called  from  the  watch- 
word of  the  duke  of  Monmouth  at  the 
battle  of  Sedgemoor,  in  1085.  The  re- 
verse of  this  may  possibly  be  true,  viz., 
that  the  duke  selected  the  watchword 
from  the  name  of  the  locality  in  which 
he  lived  ;  but  the  name  of  the  place  cer- 
tainly existed  in  1632,  if  not  earlier. 

Soi-meme.  St.  8oi-meme,  the  "na- 
tural man,"  in  opposition  to  the  "  spiritual 
man."  In  almost  all  religious  acts  and 
feelings,  a  thread  of  self  may  be  detected, 
and  many  things  are  done  ostensibly  for 
God,  but  in  reality  for  St.  Soi-meme. 

They  attended  the  church  service  not  altogether  without 
regard  to  St.  Soi-nicmc. — Asylum  Chritti,  ii. 

Soldan  (The),  Philip  II.  of  Spain, 
whose  wife  was  Adicia  (or  papal  bigotry). 
Prince  Arthur  sent  the  soldan  a  challenge 
for  wrongs  done  to  Samient,  a  female  am- 
bassador (deputies  of  the  states  of  Holland), 
On  receiving  this  challenge,  the  soldan 
"  swore  and  banned  most  blasphemously,'' 
and  mounting  "his  chariot  high"  {the 
high  ships  of  the  Armuda),  drawn  by 
horses  fed  on  carrion  (the  Inquisitors) , 
went  forth  to  meet  the  prince,  whom  he 
expected  to  tear  to  pieces  with  his  chariot 
scythes,   or  trample    down   beneath    his    | 


horses'  hoofs.  Not  being  able  to  get  at 
the  soldan  from  the  great  height  of  the 
chariot,  the  prince  uncovered  his  shield, 
and  held  it  up  to  view.  Instantly  the 
soldan's  horses  were  so  terrified  that  they 
fled,  regardless  of  the  whip  and  reins, 
overthrew  the  chariot,  and  left  the  sol- 
dan on  the  ground,  "  torn  to  rags,  amongst 
his  own  iron  hooks  and  grapples  keen." 
— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  8  (1596). 

%*  The  overthrow  of  the  soldan  by 
supernatural  means,  and  not  by  combat, 
refers  to  the  destruction  of  the  Armada 
by  tempest,  according  to  the  legend  of  the 
medals,  Flavit  Jehovah,  et  dissipati  sunt 
("  He  blew  with  His  blast,  and  they  were 
scattered  "). 

Soldier's  Daughter  (The),  a 
comedy  by  A.  Cherry  (1804).  Mrs. 
Cheerly,  the  daughter  of  colonel  Woodley, 
after  a  marriage  of  three  years,  is  left  a 
widow,  young,  rich,  gay,  and  engaging. 
She  comes  to  London,  and  Frank  Heart- 
all,  a  generous-minded  young  merchant, 
sees  her  at  the  opera,  falls  in  love  with 
her,  and  follows  her  to  her  lodging.  Here 
he  meets  with  the  Malfort  family,  reduced 
to  abject  poverty  by  speculation,  and  re- 
lieves them.  Ferret,  the  villain  of  the 
piece,  spreads  a  report  that  Frank  gave 
the  money  as  hush-money,  because  he  had 
base  designs  on  Mrs.  Malfort;  but  his 
character  is  cleared,  and  he  leads  to  the 
altar  the  blooming  young  widow,  while 
the  return  of  Malfort's  father  places  his 
son  again  in  prosperous  circumstances. 

Soldiers'  Friend  (The),  Frederick 
duke  of  York,  second  son  of  Oeorge  HI., 
and  commander  of  the  British  forces  in 
the  Low  Countries  during  the  French. 
Revolution  (1763-1827). 

Solemn  Doctor  (Tlie).  Henry 
Goethals  was  by  the  Sorbonne  given  the 
honorary  title  of  Doctor  Solemnis  (1227- 
1293). 

Solemn  League  and  Covenant, 
a  league  to  support  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, and  exterminate  popery  and  prelacy. 
Charles  II.  signed  it  in  1661,  but  declared 
it  null  and  void  at  his  restoration. 

Soles,  a  shoemaker,  and  a  witness  at 
the  examination  of  Dirk  Hatteraick.  — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Mannermg  (time. 
George  II.). 

SoHd  Doctor  (The),  Richard  Middle- 
ton  (*-1304). 

Soliman  the  Magnificent,  Charles 


SOLING  EN. 


929 


SOLOMnN. 


Jennens,  who   composed  the  lihrctto  for 
Handel's  Messiah  ( *  1 7  7 . ; ) . 

Solingen,  called  "The  Sheffield  of 
Germany  ;"  famous  for  swords  and  foils. 

Soli'nus,  duke  of  Ephesus,  who  was 
obliged  to  pass  the  sentence  id'  the  law  OD 
iEge'on,  a  merchant,  because,  being  a 
Syracnsian,  he  had  dared  to  set  foot  in 
Ephesus,  When,  however,  he  discovered 
that  the  man  who  had  saved  his  life,  and 
whom  he  best  loved,  was  the  son  of 
Ageon,  the  prisoner  was  released,  and 
settled  in  Ephesus. — Shakespeare,  Comedy 
of  Errors  (1593). 

Sologrie,  in  France.  There  is  a  legend 
that  all  domestic  animals,  such  a.--  dogs, 
cats,  pigs,  horses,  cows,  etc.,  in  Sologne, 
become  possessed  of  human  speech  from 
the  midnight  of  Christmas  Eve  to  the  mid- 
day of  December  25. 

Solomon,  an  epic  poem  in  three 
books,  by  Prior  (1718).  15k.  i.  Solomon 
seeks  happiness  from  wisdom,  but  comes 
to  the  conclusion  that  "All  is  vanity  ;" 
this  book  is  entitled  Knuwlcil./e.  l!k.  ii. 
Solomon  seeks  happiness  in  wealth, 
grandeur,  luxury,  and  ungodliness,  but 
comes  to  the  conclusion  that  ''  All  is 
vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit;"  this 
book  is  entitled  Pleasure.  15k.  iii.,  en- 
titled Power,  consists  of  the  reflections  of 
Solomon  upon  human  life,  the  power  of 
God,  life,  death,  and  a  future  state.  An 
angel  reveals  to  him  the  future  lot  of  the 
Jewish  race,  and  Solomon  concludes  with 
this  petition: 

Beaton,  Great  Father,  Thy  Instructed  ton, 
And  in  my  act  may  Thy  great  will  be  done  ! 

Solomon  is  called  kin<^  of  the  Lrinn  and 
lairies.  This  is  probably  a  mere  blunder. 
The  monarchs  oi  these  spirits  was  called 
"suleyman,"  and  this  title  of  rank  has 
been  mistaken  for  a  proper  name. 

Salomon  died  standing.  Solomon  em- 
ployed the  genii  in  building  the  Temple, 
but,  perceiving  that  hi*  end  was  at  hand, 
prayed  God  that  his  death  might  be 
concealed  from  the  genii  till  the  work 
was  completed.     Accordingly,    he  died 

stale ling,    leaning    On    bis    stall'    as   if    in 

prayer.     The  genii,  supposing  him  to  be 

alive,  toiled  on,  and  when  the  Temple  \vas 

fully  built,  a  worm  gnawed  the  Btaff,  and 

the    corpse    fell    prostrate    to    the    earth. 
Mahomet  refers  to  this  as  a  fact : 

When  We  [God]  had  decreed  thai  s..l n  should  die, 

nothing  diieorerea  bit  death  unto  them  [the g<  uU  I  except 

ping  thing  of  the  earth,  which  gnawed  nil  -tail'. 

And  when  his  [dead]  bod)  toil  down,  the  genii  plainly 

l«<ri'«ivcd  that  IX  thoy  hud  known  Uuit  which  is  secret. 


they  would  not  liave  conUnued  In  a  ri.e  punUhrnaot.— 
At  Kordn,  x»iir. 

Prior,  ir 
his  epic  poem  called  Sol  man  (bk.  ii.), 
makes  Abra  the  favom 

The  applet  -he  had  ■athared  -melt  nml  unset; 

All  Irulti  their  odour  hat  and  menu  tin  ir  but* 
II  gentle  Abra  had  n 
Inshonoured  did  the  markling  gobtel 
Unless  received  from  gentie  abra'i  hand  :  . 
Kor  conid  mj  soul  approve  the  marie*!  tunc. 
Till  all  was  hushed,  and  aim  sung  alone. 

Al  Peiilawi.  .lallaln'ddin,  and  Ahnlfeda, 
give  Am  In  a,  daughter  of  Jerada  king  of 
Tyre,  as  his  favourite  concubine. 

Suloimm  Kills  /lis  Horses.  Solomon 
bought  a  thousand  horses,  and  went  I 

mine  them.  The  examination  took  him  the 
whole  day,  so  that  he  omitted  the  prayers 

which  he  ought  to  have  repeated.    This 

neglect  came  into  his  mind  at  sunset,  and, 

by  way  of  atonement,  he  slew   all  the 

horses   except  a  hundred  of  the  best  "as 

an  offering  to  God;"  and  God,  to  make 

him   amends   for  his    loss,    gave   him    the 

dominion  of  the  winds.      Mahomet  refers 

to  this  in  the  following  passage: — 

When  the  boraee,  itanding  on  tune  bet,  and  touching 
the  ground  with  thi  irift  In  thu 

course,  were  set  In  parade  before  bun  [Solomon  In  the 
evening,  be  said,  "  verilv  I  ban  i  earthly 

■  w  the  remembranoe  of  my  Lord;  and  l  have 
spent  the  time  in  flowing  tneee  buiwu  tnl  the  Mm   is 
hidden  by  the  roil  of  night.    Bring  the  borem  back  unto 
me."    and  whan  theo  were  brought  back,  in- 
cut Off  their  le;;,  and  their  necks.— .1/  A'uruii,  Ho.;;. 

Solomon's  Mode  of  Travelling.    Solomon 

had  a  carpet  of  green  silk,  on  which 
his  throne  was  placed.  This  carpet  was 
large  enough  for  all  his  army  to  stand  on, 
When  his  soldiers  had  stationed  them- 
selves on  his  right  hand,  and  the  spirits 
(ill  his  left,  Solomon  commaniled  t'  e 
winds  to  Convey  him  whither  he  listed. 
Whereupon  the  winds  buoyed  up  the 
carpet,  and  transported  n  to  the  place  the 
kin^  wished  to  go  to,  and  while  passing 
thus  through  the  air,  the  birds  of  beavi  n 
hovered  overhead,  forming  a  canopy  with 
their  wings   to   ward   off   the   heat   of  the 

sun.     Mahomet  takes  this  legend  as  an 

historic  fact,  for  he  savs  in  reference  to 
it: 

Unto  Solomon  B  the  strong  wind,  audit  ran 

At  hh  command  to  the  land  whereon  we  had  bestowed 
our  hteering, — 41  Koran,  xxL 

And  again : 

We  made  tha  wind  nbject  to  him,  nnd  it  ran  gently  at 
his  c.'inn.aud  whllhauoevai  ho  desired. — ai  KordH, 
nxvttl. 

Hie    rabbins 

say  that   Solomon  were  a  ling  in   which 

was  set  a    chased    stone   that   told  him 

everything  he  wished  to  know. 

iSulomuH  Loses  His  Signet-Sing.    Sclo- 

3  o 


SOLOMON. 


930 


SOLYMiEAN  ROUT. 


BBon's  favourite  concubine  was  Amina, 
daughter  of  Jerada  king  of  Tyre,  and 
when  he  went  to  bathe,  it  was  to  Amina 
that  he  entrusted  his  signet-ring.  One 
day,  the  deril  Sakhar  assumed  the  like- 
ness of  Solomon,  and  so  got  possession 
of  the  ring,  and  for  forty  days  reigned 
in  Jerusalem,  while  Solomon  himself  was 
a  wanderer  living  on  alms.  At  the  end 
of  the  fortj-  days,  Sakhar  Hung  the  ring 
into  the  sea ;  it  was  swallowed  by  a 
fish,  which  was  given  to  Solomon. 
Having  thus  obtained  his  ring  again, 
Solomon  took  Sakhar  captive,  and  cast 
him  into  the  sea  of  Galilee. — Al  Koran 
(Sale's  notes,  ch.  xxxviii.).  (See  Jovian, 
p.  501.) 

%*  Mahomet,  in  the  Koran,  takes  this 
legend  as  an  historic  fact,  for  he  says  : 
"  We    [God]    also    tried    Solomon,    and 

f laced  on  his  throne  a  counterfeit  body 
i.e.  Siik/tar  the  devil]." — Ch.  xxxviii. 
Uffan,  the  sage,  saw  Solomon  asleep,  and, 
wishing  to  take  off  his  signet-ring,  gave 
three  arrows  to  Aboutaleb,  saying,  u  When 
the  serpent  springs  upon  me  and  strikes 
nie  dead,  shoot  one  of  these  arrows  at  me, 
and  I  shall  instantly  come  to  life  again." 
Uffan  tugged  at  the  ring,  was  stung  to 
death,  but,  being  struck  by  one  of  the 
arrows,  revived.  This  happened  twice. 
After  the  third  attempt,  the  heavens  grew 
so  black,  and  the  thunder  was  so  alarm- 
ing, that  Aboutaleb  was  afraid  to  shoot, 
and,  throwing  down  the  bow  and  arrow, 
fled  with  precipitation  from  the  dreadful 
place. — Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales 
("  History  of  Aboutaleb,"  1743). 

Solomo7i  (The  Second),  James  I.  of 
England  (15GG,  1603-1625). 

The  French  king  [Henri  IV.]  said,  in  the  presence  of 
lord  Sanquhar,  to  one  that  called  James  a  wootul  Solomon, 
"  1  hope  he  la  not  the  son  of  Davfal  the  tiddler"  [David 
Jiizzio]. — Oshorne,  Secret  History,  1.  231. 

Sully  called  him  "  The  Wisest  Fool  in 
Christendom." 

Solomon,  a  tedious,  consequential  old 
butler,  in  the  sen-ice  of  count  Winter- 
Ben.  He  has  two  idiosyncrasies :  One 
is  that  he  receives  letters  of  conlidential 
importance  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized 
world,  but  "  has  received  no  communica- 
tion from  abroad  to  tell  him  who  Mrs.Hal- 
ler  is."  One  letter  "from  Constantinople" 
turns  out  to  be  from  his  nephew,  Tim 
Twist,  the  tailor,  about  a  waistcoat  which 
had  been  turned  three  times.  In  regard 
to  the  other  idiosyncrasy,  he  boasts  of  his 
cellar  of  wine  provided  in  a  "  most  frugal 
and  provident  way,"  and  of  his  alterations 
in   the   park,   "all  done   with    the   most 


economical  economy."  He  is  very  proud 
of  his  son  Peter,  a  half-witted  lad,  and 
thinks  Mrs.  Haller  "casts  eyes  at  him." 
— Benj.  Thompson,  The  Stranger  (1797). 

Solomon  Daisy,  parish  clerk  and 
bell-ringer  of  Chigwell.  He  had  little 
round,  black,  shiny  eyes  like  beads  ;  wore 
rusty  black  breeches,  a  rusty  black  coat, 
and  a  long-flapped  waistcoat  with  little 
queer  buttons  like  his  eyes.  As  he  sat  in 
the  ii relight,  he  seemed  all  eyes,  from  head 
to  foot. — C.  Dickens,  Barnaby  Ewige 
(1841). 

Solomon  of  China  {The),  Tae- 
tsong  I.,  whose  real  name  was  Lee-chee- 
men.  He  reformed  the  calendar,  founded 
a  very  extensive  library,  established 
schools  in  his  palace,  built  places  of 
worship  for  the  Nestorian  Christians,  and 
was  noted  for  his  wise  maxims  (*,  618- 
626). 

Solomon  of  England  (The),  Henry 
VII.  (1457,  1485-1509).  (See  above, 
Solomon,  The  Second.) 

Solomon  of  France  (The),  Charles 
Y.  le  Sage  (1337,  1364-1380). 

%*  Louis  IX.  (i.e.  St.  Louis)  is  also 
called  "The  Solomon  of  France"  (1215, 
1226-1270). 

Solon  of  French  Prose  (The), 
Balzac  (1596-1655). 

Solon  of  Parnassus  (The).  Boileaa 
is  so  called  by  Voltaire,  in  allusion  to  hid 
Art  of  Poetry  (1636-1711). 

Solon's  Happiness,  death.  Solon 
said,  "Call  no  man  happy  till  he  is 
dead." 

Safer  triumph  is  this  funera  pomp 
That  hath  aspired  to  Solon's  happiness. 
And  triumptis  over  chance. 
(?)  Shakespeare,  Tit ut  A  luironicut,  act  L  sc.  1  (1593). 

Solsgrace  (Master  Nehcmiah),  a  prcs- 
byterian  pastor. — Sir  W.  Scott,  j'evenl  of 
tlte  1'eak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Solus,  an  old  bachelor,  who  greatly 
wished  to  be  a  married  man.  W  lien  he 
saw  the  bright  sides  of  domestic  life,  1ih 
resolved  he  would  marry ;  but  when  he  saw 
the  reverse  sides,  he  determined  to  remain 
single.  Ultimately,  he  takes  to  the  altar 
Miss  Spinster. — Inchbald,  Every  One  lia$ 
His  Fault  (1794). 

Solymaaan  Rout  (The),  the  London 
rabble  and  rebels.  Solynuea  was  an 
ancient  name  of  Jerusalem,  subsequently 
called  Hiero-solyma,  that  is  "sacred 
Solyma."      As     Charles     II.    in    called 


SOLYMAN. 


931 


somiA. 


"David,"  and  London  "  Jerusalem,"  the 
London  rebels  are  called  "  the  Solymaean 
rout "  or  the  rabble  of  Jerusalem. 

The  Solymiean  rout,  well  versed  of  old, 

In  godly  faction,  ami  in  kraMOD  bold,  .  .  . 

Saw  with  disdain  an  Ethnic  pint  |;<u/>ijA  plot]  begun. 

And  Honied  I'v  Jebusitea  iiMi/>i*ts]  to  be  outdone. 

Drvden,  Abmlom  and  Achitophel,  1.  (1681). 

Sol'yman,  king  of  the  Saracens, 
whose  capital  was  Nice.  Being  driven 
frorr  his  kingdom,  he  tied  to  Egypt,  and 
wa3  there  appointed  leader  of  the  Arabs 
(bk.  ix.).  Solyman  and  Argantes  were 
by  far  the  most  doughty  of  the  pagan 
knights.  The  former  was  slain  by  Kinal- 
do  (bk.  xx.),  and  the  latter  by  Tancred. 
— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Sombragloomy,  London,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  are  Sombragloomians. 

Somnambulus.  Sir  \V.  Scott  so 
eijrns  The  Visionary  (political  satires, 
1819).— Olphar  Ham'st  [Ralph  Thomas], 
Handbook  of  Fictitious  Names. 

Somo  Sala  {Like  the  father  of),  a 
dreamer  of  air-castles,  like  the  milkmaid 
Pcrrette  in  Lafontaine.  (See  Count  not, 
etc.) 

Son  of  Be'lial  {A),  a  wicked  person, 
a  rebel,  an  infidel. 

Now  the  sons  of  Ell  were  sons  of  Belial ;  they  knew  not 
[l.e.  acknowledged  not]  the  Lord. — 1  Sam.  11.  i2. 

Son  of  Consolation,  St.  Barnabas 
of  Cyprus  (first  century). — Acts  iv.  3C. 

Son  of  Perdition  {The),  Judas 
Iscariot. — John  xvii.  12. 

Son  of  Perdition,  Antichrist. — 2  Thess. 
ii.  3. 

Son  of  a  Star  {The),  Barcochebas 
or  Barchochab,  who  gave  himself  out  to 
be  the  "star"  predicted  by  Balaam  (died 

A.D.  135). 

There  Bhall  come  ft  Star  out  of  Jacob,  nnd  n  Sceptro 
•hall  rise  out  of  Israel,  ami  sli -ill  mite  the  rorncrs  of 
Hoib,  and  destroy  nil  the  children  of  Booth.— Ifumi. 
Dtlv.  17. 

Son  of  the  Last  Man.  Charles  II. 
was  so  called  by  the  parliamentarians. 
His  father  Charles  I.  was  called  by  them 
"The  Last  Man." 

Son  of  the  Rock,  echo. 

She  went     She  called   OK  Ar r.     Nought    answered 

hut  the  son  of  the  rock.— I  Man,  The  Sonut  of  Sctma. 

Sons  of  Phidias,  sculptors. 

Sons  of  Thunder  or  Boanergee. 
James  and  John,  sous  of  Zebedee. — Mark 
iii.  17. 

Song.  The  Father  of  Modern  French 
Sonjs,  C.  F,  Panaid  (1C'J1-17G5> 


■til  this  for  a  son  J  f  So 
said  William  Cecil  lord  Boxghley  when 
queen  Elizabeth  ordered  him  to  L'ive 
Edmund  Spenser  I'l'i'i  as  an  expression 
of  her  pleasure  at  some  verses  he  had 
presented  to  her.  When  a  pension  of 
£50  a  year  was  settled  on  the  poet,  lord 
Burghley  did  all  in  his  power  to  oppose 
the  grant.  To  this  Spenser  alludes  in  tho 
lines  following: — 

O  grief  of  griefs  1    O  gnll  of  all  good  hearts  1 

To  see  that  vii:  ed  be 

Sf  him  that  first  was  raised  for  riltuon 

And  now,  broad-spreading  like  an  ap-,1  tr*-.-. 

Lets  none  shoot  up  that  olgfa  aim  platted  be. 
Oh  let  the  man  of  whom  the  Man  o  gomod, 
Alive  nor  dead  !»■  "f  the  Mote  adorned  I 

Spenser,  The  Iiui,i4  of  Time  115"1). 

Sonnam'bula  (/w)>  Ami'na  the 
miller's  daughter,  She  was  betrothed 
to  Elvi'no  a  rich  young  farmer,  but  the 
night  before  the  wedding  was  discovered 
in  the  bed  of  conte  Rodolpho.  This  very 
ugly  circumstance  made  the  farmer  break 
oif  the  match,  and  promise  mania 
Lisa  the  innkeeper's  daughter.  The 
count  now  interfered,  and  assured  Elvino 
that  the  miller's  daughter  was  a  slee|>- 
walker,  and  while  they  were  still  talking 
she  was  seen  walking  on  the  edge  of  the 
mill-roof  while  the  huge  mill-wheel  was 
turning  rapidly.  She  then  crossed  a 
crazy  old  bridge,  and  came  into  the  midst 
of  the  assembly,  when  she  woke  and  ran 
to  the  arms  of  her  lover.  Elvino,  con- 
vinced of  her  innocence,  married  her,  and 
Lisa  was  resigned  to  AJessio  whose  para- 
mour she  was. — Bellini's  opera,  La  Son- 
nambula  (1831). 

(Taken  from  a  melodrama  by  Ro- 
mani,  and  adapted  as  a  libretto  by 
Scribe.) 

Sooterkin,  a  false  birth,  as  when  a 
woman  gives  birth  to  a  rat,  dog,  or  other 
monstrosity.  This  birth  is  said  to  he 
produced  By  Dutch  women,  from  their 
sitting  over  their  foot-8l 

Soper's  Lane  (London),  now  called 
"  Queen  Si  reet." 

Sophi,  in  Arabic,  means  "  pure,"  and 
therefore  one  of  the  pure  or  true  faith. 

As    a    royal    title,    it    is     tantamount     to 

"  catholic  "or  "most  Christian." — Selden, 
Titles  of  HonouTy  vi.  7 • ".  7  (1614). 

Sophi'a,  mother  of  Hollo  and  Otu 
dukes    ot     Normandy.      Rollo    is    the 

"bloody      brother."    —    Beaumont      and 

Fletcher,  The  Bloody  Brother  (1639). 

1,  wife  of  M.ithias  a  Bohemian 
knight.  When  Mathias  went  to  take 
service  with  king  Ladislaua  of  Bohemia, 


sopiiia. 


932 


SORDELLO. 


the  queen  Tlonoria  fell  in  love  with  him, 
and  seat  Ubaldo  and  Ricaido  to  tempt 
Sophia  to  infidelity.  Hut  immediately 
Sophia  perceived  their  purpose,  she  had 
them  confined  in  separate  chambers,  nnd 
compelled  them  to  earn  their  living  by 
spinning. 

Sophia's  Picture    When  Ifathiaa  left, 

Sophia  gave  him  a  magic  picture,  which 
turned  yellow  if  she  wen-  tempted,  and 
black  if  she  yielded  to  the  temptation. — 
Massinger,  The  Picture  (1629). 

Sophi'a  (St.)  or  A<;ia  [Aya]  Sofi'a, 
the  most  celebrated  mosque  of  <  ionstanl  i- 

oople,  once  a  Christian  church,  hut  now 
a  Mohammedan  jamih.  It  is  '2<>0  feet 
long  and  280  feet  broad.  Its  dome  is 
supported  on  pillars  of  marble,  granite. 
and  green  jasper,  said  to  have  belonged 
to  the  temple  of  Diana  at  Ephesus. 

Sunhi&'s  cu|KiLi  with  goldac  itleam. 

Byron,  /*•«  ;<wi,  v.  3  (1?20). 

Sophia  (The princess),  only  child  of  the 
old  king  of  Lombardy,  in  love  with 
Paladore,  a  Briton,  who  saved  her  life  by 

killing  a  boar  which  had  gored  her  horse 
to  death.  She  was  unjustly  accused  of 
wantonness  by  duke  Bireno,  whom  the 
king  wished  her  to  marry,  but  whom  she 
rejected.  By  the  law  oi  Lombardy,  this 
offence  was  punishable  by  death,  but  the 
accuser  was  hound  to  support  his  charge 
by  single  combat,  if  any  champion  chose 
to  fight  in  her  defence.  Paladore  chal- 
lenged the  duke,  and  Blew  him.  The 
whole  villainy  of  the  charge  was  then 
exposed,  the  character  of  the  princess 
was  cleared,  and  her  marriage  with  Pala- 
dore concludes  the  play. —  Robert  Jeph- 
son,  The  Law  of  Lombardy  (1770). 

Sophia  [FRKBIX>VBl,  daughter  of  the 
Widow  Warren  by  her  tirst  husband. 
SJie  is  a  lovely,  innocent  girl,  passionately 
attached  to  Harry  Dornton  the  bankers 
ton,  to   whom  ultimately  she  is   married. 

— T.  llohroft,  The Bead to  Bum  (1792). 

Sop/tut  [Primrose],  the  younger 
daughter  of  the  vicar  of  Wakefield,  soft, 
modest,  and  alluring.  Being  thrown 
from  her  horse  into  a  deep  stream,  she 
was  rescued  by  Mr.  Burchell,  alias  sir 
William  Thornhill.  Being  abducted,  she 
was  again  rescind  by  him,  and  finally 
married  him. — Goldsmith,  Vioarof  Wake- 
field  (1766). 

Sophia  [Spbightly],    a   young    lady 

of  hlgb  spirits  and  up  to  fun.  Tukely 
loves  her  sincerely,  and  knowing  her 
partiality   for    the    lion.    Mr.    Daffodil, 


exposes  him  as  a  "  male  coquette,"  of 
mean  spirit  and  without  manly  courage  ; 
after  which  she  rejects  him  with  scorn, 
and  Lrives  her  hand  and  heart  to  Tukely. 
— Garrick,  The  Male  Coquette  (17.  -  . 

Sophonis'ba,  daughter  of  Asdruhal, 
and  reared  to  detest  Pome.  She  was 
affianced  to  Masinissa  king  of  the  Xumi- 
dians,  hut  married  Syphax.  In  ■  O.  208 
BBC  fell  into  the  hands  of  Lelius  and 
Masinissa.  and,  to  prevent  being  made  a 
captive,  married  the  Numidian  prince. 
This  subject  and  that  of  Cleopatra  have 
furnished  more  dramas  than  any  oiier 
whatsoever. 

French:  J.  Mairet,  Sophonisbe  (1680  ; 
Pierre    Corneilk";    Lagrange  -  Chancel ; 

and   Voltaire.      Italuin:  Trissino  (1514); 

Allien  (171!'  1868).  English  :  John 
ftfaraton,  The  Wonder  of  Women  or  The 
Tragedy  of  8ophonieba  (1606);  lames 
Thomson,  8ophotU$ba  (1729). 

(In  Thomson's  tragedy  occurs  the  line, 
"Oh     Sophonisba!     Sophonisha    oh  I 
which   was    parodied   by   M  Ob   Jemmy 
Thomson  !  Jemmy  Thomson  oh  !  ") 

With  arts  arising  SophunUba  ruse.— Voltaire. 

Sophronia,  a  young  lady  who  was 
taught  Greek,  and  to  hate  men  who  were 

not  scholars.     Her  wisdom  taaght  her  to 

gauge  the  wisdom  of  her  suitors,  and  to 
discover  their  shortcomings.     She  never 

found  one  up  to  the  mark,  and  now  die  is 
wrinkled    with   age,  and    talks  ahoiit    the 

"beauties  of  the  mind." — Goldsmith,  A 
Citizen  of  the  Woria\  zxviii.  (1769). 

Sophronia.     (See  Sokroxia.) 

Sopkros'yne  (4  si/l.),  one  of  Logan 

tilla's  handmaids,  noted  for  her  purity. 
Sophrosynd  was  sent  with  Andronica  to 
conduct  Astolpho  safely  from  India  to 
Arabia.  —  Anoato,  OrlaiuL  Furioee 
(1616). 

Sophy,  the  eldest  of  a  lam  family. 
She  is  engaged  toTraddleS,  and  is  always 
spoken  of  by  him  as  ''the  dearest  girl  in 
the  world." — C.  Dickens,  JJavlJ  < 
Juld  (iH-l'J). 

Sops  of  [or  m]  Wine.    Deptlord 

pinks  are  so  called. 

Sora'no,  a  Neapolitan  nohle,  brother 
of    Bvanthe  (•'?    syl.)  "the  wife  for  a 

month,"  and  the  infamous  instrument  of 
Frederick  the  licentious  brother  of 
Alphonso  kine;  ..f  Naples. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  .1  H  \fefor  a  Month    I 

Sordello,  a  Provencal  poet,  whom 
Dantfi  meets  in  purgatory,  sitting  apart 


1 


SOREL. 


933       SOVEREIGNS  OF  ENGLAND. 


On  seeing  Virgil,  Sordello  springs  forward 
to  embrace  him. 

%*  K.  Browning  has  a  poem  called 
Bordello,  and  makes  Sordello  typical  of 
liberty  and  human  perfectibility. 

Sorel  (Agnes),  surnamed  La  dame  de 
Beaute,  not  from  her  personal  beauty, 
but  from  the  "  chateau  de  Beaute',"  on 
the  banks  of  the  Marne,  given  to  her  by 
Charles  VII.  (1409-1450). 

Sorento  (in  Naples),  the  birthplace 
of  Torquato  Tasso,  the  Italian  poet. 

Sorrows  of  Werther,  a  mawkish, 

sentimental  novel  by  Goethe  (1774),  once 
extremely  popular.  "Werther"  is  Goethe 
himself,  who  loves  a  married  woman,  and 
becomes  disgusted  with  life  because 
"  [Char]lotte  is  the  wife  of  his  friend 
Kestner." 

Werthf-r,  Infusing  itself  Into  the  core  and  whole  spirit  of 
literature,  gave  birth  to  a  race  of  sentimentalists,  who 
raged  and  wailed  in  every  part  of  the  world  till  bettor 
light  dawned  on  them,  or  at  any  rate  till  exhausted 
nature  laid  itself  to  sleep,  and  it  was  discovered  that 
lamenting  was  an  unproductive  labour. — Carlyle. 

Sosia  (in  Moliere  &ysie),  the  slave  of 
Amphitryon.  When  Mercury  assumes 
the  form  of  Sosia,  and  Jupiter  that  of 
Amphitryon,  the  mistakes  and  confusion 
which  arise  resemble  those  of  the  brothers 
Antiph'olus  and  their  servants  the 
brothers  Dromio,  in  Shakespeare's  Gomedy 
of  Errors. — Plautus,  Moliere  (1GG8),  and 
Dryden  (1690),  Amphitryon. 

His  first  name  .  .  .  looks  out  upon  him  like  another 
Sosia.  or  as  if  a  man  should  suddenly  encounter  his  own 
duplicate.— C.  Lamb. 

Sosii,  brothers,  the  name  of  two  book- 
sellers at  Rome,  referred  to  by  Horace. 

So'tenville  {Mon.  le  baron  de), 
father  of  Angclique,  and  father-in-law 
of  George  Dandin.  His  wife  was  of  the 
house  of  Prudoterie,  and  both  boasted 
that  in  300  years  no  one  of  their  dis- 
tinguished lines  ever  swerved  from 
virtue.  "La  bravoure  n'y  est  pas  plus 
he're'ditaire  aux  males,  que  la  chastete' 
aux  families."  They  lived  with  their 
son-in-law,  who  was  allowed  the  honour 
of  paying  their  debts,  and  receiving  a 
snubbing  every  time  he  opened  his  mouth 
that  he  might  be  taught  the  mysteries  of 
the  haut  mvndc. — Moliere,  George  Van- 
din  (1608). 

Soulis  (Lord  William),  a  man  of 
prodigious  strength,  cruelty,  avarice,  and 
treachery.  Old  Redcap  gave  him  a 
charmed  life,  which  nothing  could  affect 
"  till  threefold  ropes  of  sand  were 
twisted  round  his   body."     Lord   Soulis 


waylaid  May  the  lady-love  of  the  heil 
of  Branxholm,  and  kept  her  in  durance 
till  6he  promised  to  become  his  briile. 
Walter,  the  brother  of  the  young  heir, 
raised  his  father's  liegemen  and  invested 
the  castle.  Lord  Soulis  having  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  liegemen,  "  they 
wrapped  him  in  lead,  and  thing  him  into 
a  caldron,  till  lead,  bones,  and  all  were 
melted." — John  Leyden  (1802). 

(The  caldron  is  still  shown  in  the 
Skelfhill  at  Ninestane  Big,  part  of  the 
range  of  hills  which  separates  Liddesdale 
and  Teviotdale.) 

South  (Squire),  the  archduke  Charles 
of  Austria. — Arbuthnot,  History  of  John 
Bull  (1712). 

South  Britain,  all  the  island  of 
Great  Britain  except  Scotland,  which  is 
called  "  North  Britain." 

South  Sea  (The),  the  Pacific  Ocean  ; 
so  called  by  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa,  in 
1513.  (See  Mississippi  Bubble,  p.  647.) 

Southampton  (The  earl  of),  the 
friend  of  the  earl  of  Essex,  and  involved 
with  him  in  the  charge  of  treason,  but 
pardoned. — Henry  Jones,  The  Earl  of 
Essex  (1745). 

Sovereigns  of  England  (Mortual 
Days  of  the). 

Sunday  :  six,  viz.,  Henry  I.,  Ed- 
ward III.,  James  I.,  William  III.,  Anne, 
George  I. 

Monday  :  six,  viz.,  Stephen,  Henry  IV., 
Henrv  V.,  Richard  III.,  Elizabeth,  Mary 
II.     (Richard  II.  deposed.) 

Tuesday  :  four,  viz.,  Richard  I., 
Charles  I.,  Charles  II.,  William  IV. 
(Edward  II.  resigned,  and  James  II.  ab~ 
dicated.) 

Wednesday  :  four,  viz.,  John,  Henry 
III.,  Edward  IV.,  Edward  V.  (Henry 
VI.  deposed.) 

Thursday:  five,  viz.,  William  I., 
William  II.,  Henry  II.,  Edward  VI., 
Mary  I. 

Friday:  three,  viz.,  Edward  I., 
Henry  VIII.,  Cromwell. 

Satuuday:  four,  viz.,  Henry  VII., 
George  II.,  George  III.,  George  IV. 

That  is,  6  Sunday  and  Monday  ;  5 
Thursday  ;  4  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and 
Saturday  ;  and  3  Friday. 

Anne,  August  1  (Old  Style).  August  12  (New  Style), 
1714. 

Chari-ks  1.,  January  30.  1648-9;  Charles  II.,  Feb- 
ruary I).  1684  5;  t'KoMwi.LL  died  September  3,  1658  j 
burnt  at  Tyburn.  January  30,  1861. 

EuWAlin  1.,  July  7.  1807 j  BDWAKD  III..  June  B> 
1377  ;  EHWASD  IV.,  April  y,  1483;  EDWAJU>  V,  June  * 


sow. 


934 


SPANISH  BRUTUS. 


1483 ;  Edwabd  VI.,  July  6,  1553  ;  Elizabeth,  March  24, 
1602-3. 

George  I  ,  June  11,  1727 ;  George  II.,  October  25, 
1780  ;  Gkokcb  III.,  January  29,  1820  ;  George  IV., 
June  26.  1830. 

Hemiv  I.,  December  1,  1135;  Henrt  II.,  July  6,  1189; 
IIknhv  III..  November  16,  127-';  Hum  IV..  Marco  SO, 
1412-3;  HtNRV  V.,  August  31.  1422  ;  Hknrv  VI.de;<o*erf 
March  4.  1460-1;  Hk.nry  VII.,  April  21,  1509;  Henrv 
VIII..  January  38,  1546-7. 

JAMBS  I.,  March  27,  1625;  James  II.  abdicated 
December  11.  16-iS  ;  John,  October  19,  1216. 

Mary  I.,  November  17,  1558 ;  Maky  II.,  December  27, 
16:  i4. 

KiriiARD  I..  April  6,  1199  ;  RICHARD  II.  deposed  Sep. 
■ember  29.  1998  ;  RlCHABD  III.,  August  22,  1485. 

Stephen,  October  26,  1154. 

William  I.,  (September  9.  n«7  ;  William  II., 
August  3, 1100;  William  II.,  March  8,  1701-2;  Wil- 
liam IV.,  June  J 

•»•  Edward  II.  rttigtud  Tuesday,  January  20, 1327,  and 
was  murdered  Monday,  September  SI,  1327.  Henry  VI. 
deposed  Wednesday,  March  4,  1461,  again  Sun. lav, 
April  14,  1471.  and  di.-.i  fTedne  day,  May  22.  1471. 
James  n.  abdicated  Tuesday,  December  LI,  n;^.  and 
died  at  St.  Germain's,  1701.  Richard  II.  deposed  Hon* 
day,  September  19,  1389,  (//>■<(  the  la.*t  week  in  February, 
lino ;  but  his  death  was  sot  announced  till  Friday.  March 
12.  1400,  when  a  dead  body  was  exhibited  s;ild  to  be  that 
of  (lie  deceased  king. 

of  the  sovereigns,  eiirht  have  died  between  the  ages  of  60 
and  70,  two  between  70  and  80,  and  one  has  exceeded 
80  vears  of  age. 

William  I.  60.  Henry  I.  67.  Henry  III.  65,  Edward  I.  63, 
Edward  III.  65.  Elizabeth  69,  George  I.  67,  George  IV.  68. 

George  II.  77    William  IV.  71— George  III   U 

Length  of  rcim.  Five  have  reigned  between  20  and  3* 
years,  seven  between  80  :uid  4<>  Tears,  one  between  40  and 
Bo  years,  and  three  above  5o  years. 

William  l„  20  years  »  months  16  day* ;  Richard  II.,  22 
years  3  months  8  days ;  Henry  VII..  23  year-  8  months  ; 
James  1.,  S3  years  4  day3;  Charles  I.,  23  years  10  mouths 

4  days, 

Henry  I.,  35  years  3  months  27  days ;  Henry  II.,  34  yean 

5  months  17  days  ;  Edward  I.,  31  years  7  months  18  days  ; 
Henry  VI.,  88 years 6 mouths 4 days  ;  Henry  VIII..  37  years 
9  months  7  days  ;  Charles  II.  +  Cromwell,  36  years  8  days; 
George  II.,  33  years  4  mouths  15  days. 

Elizabeth,  44  years  4  months  8  days. 
Henry  ill.,  51; years  90  days;  Edward  III.,  50  years  4 
months  28  days;  George  III.,  59  years  3  months  4  days. 

Sow  (;1),  a  machine  of  war.  It  was 
a  wooden  shed  which  went  on  wheels, 
the  roof  being  ridged  like  a  hog's  back, 
lieing  thrust  close  to  the  wall  of  a  place 
besieged,  it  served  to  protect  the  be- 
sieging party  from  the  arrows  hurled 
against  them  from  the  walls.  When 
the  countess  of  March  (called  "  Black 
Agnes  "),  in  1335,  saw  one  of  these 
engines  advancing  towards  her  castle,  sho 
Called  out  to  the  earl  of  Salisbury,  who 
commanded  the  engineers : 

Beware  Montagow, 

For  farrow  shall  thy  sow  ; 

and  then  had  such  a  huge  fragment  of 
rock  rolled  on  the  engine  that  it  dashed 
it  to  pieces.  When  she  saw  the  English 
soldiers  running  away,  the  countess 
called  out,  "  Lo  !  lo  !  the  litter  of 
English  pigs  ! " 

Sow  of  Dallweir,  named  "Ilon- 
wen,"  went  burrowing  through  AValcs, 
and  Leaving  in  one  place  a  grain  of  barley, 
in  another  a  little  pig,  a  few  bees,  a 
grain  or  two  of  wheat,  and  so  on,  and  theso 


made  the  places  celebrated  for  the  par- 
ticular produce  ever  after. 

It  is  supposed  that  the  sow  was  really 
a  ship,  and  that  the  keeper  of  the  sow, 
named  Coll  ab  Collfrewi,  was  the  captain 
of  the  vessel. —  Welsh  Triads,  lvi. 

Sowerberry,  the  parochial  under- 
taker, to  whom  Oliver  Twist  is  bound 
when  he  quits  the  workhouse.  Sower- 
berry  was  not  a  badly  disposed  man,  and 
he  treated  Oliver  with  a  certain  measure 
of  kindness  and  consideration  ;  but  Oliver 
was  ill-treated  by  Mrs.  Sowerberry,  and 
bullied  by  a  big  boy  called  Noah  Clay- 
pole.  Being  one  day  greatly  exasperated 
by  the  bally,  Oliver  gave  him  a  thorough 
"  drubbing,"  whereupon  Charlotte  the 
maidservant  set  upon  him  like  a  fury, 
scratched  his  face,  and  held  him  fast 
till  Xoah  Claypole  had  pummelled  him 
within  an  inch  of  his  life.  Three  against 
one  was  too  much  for  the  lad,  so  he  ran 
away. — C.  Dickens,  Oliver  Twist  (1837). 

''xv-ry,  a  misanthrope. —"\V.  l.rough, 
A  Phenomenon  in  a  Smock  Frock. 

Sowerbrowst  (Mr.),  the  maltster. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonanza  Well  (time, 
George  III.). 

Soyer  [Alexis),  a  celebrated  cook, 
appointed,  in  1837,  chef  de  cuisine  to  the 
Reform  Club.  Alexis  Soyer  [Swuyed] 
was  the  author  of  several  works,  as  The 
Gastronomic  Regenerator,  The  Poor  Marl's 
Regenerator,  The  Modern  Housewife,  etc. 
(died  1858). 

Spado,  an  impudent  rascal  in  the 
band  of  don  Caesar  (called  "captain 
Ramirei "),  who  tricks  every  one,  and 
delights  in  mischief. — 0'K.eefe,  Castle  of 
Andalusia  (1798). 

Quick's  great  parts  were  "  Isaac,"  "  Tony  Lumpkin," 
"Spado."  and  "sir  Christopher  Curry." — Records  of  a 
Stage  i'cteran. 

("  Isaac,"  in  the  Duenna,  by  Sheridan  ; 
"Tony  Lumpkin,"  in  She  Stoops  to  Con- 
quer, by  Goldsmith  ;  "sir  Christopher 
Curry," in  Inkle  andYarico,  by  G.  Colman.) 

Spahis,  native  Algerian  cavalry 
officered  by  Frenchmen.  The  infautrv 
are  culled  Turcos. 

Spanish  Brutus  (The),  Alfonso 
Perez  de  Guzman,  governor  of  Tarifa  in 
1293.  Here  he  was  besieged  by  the 
infant  don  Juan,  who  had  Guzman's  son 
in  his  power,  and  threatened  to  kiU  him 
unless  Tarifa  was  given  up.  Alfonso 
replied,  "  Sooner  than  be  guilty  of  such 
treason,   I    will   lend  Juan   a   dagger  to 


SPANISH  CURATE. 


935 


SPARTAN  DOG. 


carrv  out  his  threat ;  "  and  so  Baying,  he 
tossed  his  dagger  over  the  wall.  Juan, 
unable  to  appreciate  this  patriotism,  Blew 
the  voting  man  without  remorse. 

%*  Lope  de  Vega  has  dramatized  this 
incident. 

Spanish  Curate  (The),  Lopez.— 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Spanish 
Curate  (1622). 

Spanish  Fryar  (The),  a  drama  by 
Dryden  (1680).  It  contains  two  plots, 
wholly  independent  of  each  other.  The 
aerious  element  is  this :  Leonora,  the 
usurping  queen  of  Aragon,  is  promised 
in  marriage  to  duke  Bertran,  a  prince  of 
the  blood  ;  but  is  in  love  with  Torrismond 
general  of  the  army,  who  turns  out  to  be 
the  son  and  heir  of  king  Sancho,  supposed 
to  be  dead.  Sancho  is  restored  to  his 
throne,  and  Leonora  marries  Torrismond. 
The  comic  element  is  the  illicit  love  of 
colonel  Lorenzo  for  Elvira,  the  wife  of 
(lomez  a  rich  old  banker.  Dominick  (the 
Spanish  fryar)  helps  on  this  scandalous 
amour,  but  it  turns  out  that  Lorenzo  and 
Elvira  are  brother  and  sister. 

Spanish  Lady  (The),  a  ballad  con- 
tained in  Percy's  licliqucs,  ii.  23.  A 
Spanish  lady  fell  in  love  with  captain 
Popham,  whose  prisoner  she  was.  A 
command  being  sent  to  set  all  the  pri- 
soners free,  the  lady  prayed  the  gallant 
captain  to  make  her  his  wife.  The 
Englishman  replied  that  he  could  not 
do  so,  as  be  was  married  already.  On 
hearing  this,  the  Spanish  lady  gave  him 
a  chain  of  gold  and  a  pearl  bracelet  to 
take  to  his  wife,  and  told  him  that  she 
should  retire  to  a  nunnery  and  spend  the 
rest  of  her  life  praying  for  their  happiness. 

It  will  be  stuck  up  with  the  ballad  of  Margant't  Ghoul 
V».)  aud  the  Spanith  J.<uly.  against  the  walls  of  every 
JOttagfl  i»  the  country.— Isaac  ISickerstaff,  Luve  in  a 
Village  (1763). 

Spanish  Main  (The),  the  coast 
along  the  north  part  of  South  America. 

A  parrot  from  the  Spanish  main. 

Campbell. 

Spanish  Tragedy  (The),  by  T. 
Kyd  (1597).  Horatio  (son  of  llicronimo) 
is  murdered  while  he  is  sitting  in  an 
arbour  with  Belimperia.  Balthazar,  the 
rival  of  Horatio,  commits  the  murder, 
assisted  by  Belimperia's  brother  Lorenzo. 
The  murderers  hang  the  dead  body  on  a 
tree  in  the  garden,  where  Hieronimo, 
loused  by  the  cries  of  Belimperia,  dis- 
covers it,  and  goes  raving  mad. 

Spanker  (Lady  Gay),  in  London  As- 
wrance,  by  D.  Boucicault  (18-11). 


Dazzle  and  lady  Gay  Spanker  "net  them«clres."  aad 
will  never  be  ilrupped  out  of  the  lbt  of  acting  plays.— 
I'ercy  Pitxgerald. 

Sparabel'la,  a  shepherdess  in  love 
with  D'Urfey,  but  D'Urfey  loves  Clum'- 
Bilis,  "the  fairest  shepherd  WOOed  the 
foulest  lass."  Sparabella  resolves  to  kill 
herself  ;  but  how  ?  Shall  she  cut  her 
windpipe  with  a  penknife?  "No,"  she 
Bays,  "squeaking  pigs  die  so."  Shall 
she  suspend  herself  to  a  tree?  "No," 
she  says,  "  dogs  die  in  that  fashion." 
Shall  she  drown  herself  in  the  pool? 
"No,"  she  says,  "scolding  queans  die 
so."  And  while  in  doubt  how  to  kill 
herself,  the  sun  goes  down,  and 

The  prudent  maiden  deemed  it  then  too  lata. 
And  till  tomorrow  came  deferred  her  f  ate. 

Gay,  Pastoral,  iii.  (1714). 

Sparkish,  "the  prince  of  coxcombs," 
a  fashionable  fool,  and  "a  cuckold  before 
marriage."  Sparkish  is  engaged  to 
Alithea  Moody,  but  introduces  to  her 
his  friend  Harcourt,  allows  him  to  make 
love  to  her  before  his  face,  and,  of  course, 
is  jilted. —  T/it?  Country  Girl  (Garrick, 
altered  from  Wycherly's  Country  H  ife, 
1G75).        • 

William  Mountford  [KWO-lfiai]  flourished  in  days  when 
the  ranting  tragedies  "f  Hat  Lee  and  the  Jingling  plays*' 
Dryden  .  .  .  held  possession  of  the  stags,  m-  mo** 
important  characters  were  "Alexander  the  Great"  |*» 

I i,  and  "Castalio,"  in  the  Orphan  (f-.v  Otaayl    Cibber 

highly  commends  his  "  Bparkisu."— Dutton  Cook. 

Sparkler  (Edmund),  son  of  Mrs. 
Merdle  bv  her  first  husband.  He  married 
Fanny,  sister  of  Little  Dorrit.  Edmund 
Sparkler  was  a  very  large  man,  callcc 
in  his  own  regiment,  "  Quinbus  Flcstrin, 
junior,  or  the  Young  Man-Mountain." 

Mrs.  Sparkler,  Edmund's  wife.  She  was 
very  pretty,  very  self-willed,  and  snubbed 
her  husband  in  "most  approved  fashion. — 
C.  Dickens,  Little  Dorrit  (1867). 

Sparsit  (Mrs.),  housekeeper  to  Josiah 
Bounderby,  banker  and  mill-owner  at 
Coketown.  Mrs.  Sparsit  is  a  "highly 
connected  lady,"  being  the  great-niece  of 
lady  Scadgers.  She  had  a  "Coriolaniao 
nose,  and  dense  black  eyebrows,"  was 
much  believed  in  by  her  master,  who, 
when  he  married,  made  her  "keeper  of 
the  hank."  Mrs.  Sparsit,  in  collusion 
with  the  light  porter  Bitzer,  then  acted 
the  spv  on  Mr.  Bounderby  and  his  young 
wife.     C  Dickens,  Hard  Times  (1854). 

Spartan  Broth,  sorry  fare. 
The  promoters  would  be  reduced  to  dine  on  Sjuirtaa 
broth  in  Leicester  Square.—* HaiiyXcm,  FebruarySJS,  1S7U. 

Spartan  Dog  (A),  a  bloodhound. 

0  S|«irtan  dug! 
More  fell  than  anguish,  hunger,  or  the  sea ',  _^ 

hhakespcaje.  Ulhellu.  att  v.  sc  2  IKIU 


SPARTAN  MOTHER. 


936 


SPEECH-MAKERS. 


Spartan  Mother  (The)  said  to  her 
eon  going  to  battle,  as  she  handed  him 
his  shield,  "My  son,  return  with  this  or 
on  it,"  i.e.  come  back  with  it  as  a  con- 
queror or  be  brought  back  on  it  as  one 
slain  in  fight,  but  by  no  means  be  a 
fugitive  or  suffer  the  enemy  to  be  the 
victorious  party. 

Why  should  I  not  play 
The  Spartan  mother! 

Tennyson,  The  Princeu,  il. 

Spasmodic  School  (77ic),  certain 
authors  of  the  nineteenth  century,  whose 
■writings  abound  in  spasmodic  phrases, 
startling  expressions,  and  words  used  out 
of  their  common  acceptation.  Carlyle, 
noted  for  his  Germanic  English,  is  the 
chief  of  this  school.  Others  are  Bailey 
author  of  Festus,  Sydney  Dobell,  Gil- 
fillan,  Tennyson,  and  Alexander  Smith. 

%*  Professor  Aytoun  has  gibbeted  this 
class  of  writers  in  his  Firmilian,  a  Spas- 
modic Tragedy  (1854). 

Spear.  When  a  king  of  the  ancient 
Caledonians  abdicated,  he  gave  his  spear 
to  his  successor,  and  "raised  a  stone  on 
high"  as  a  record  to  future  generations. 
J'eneath  the  stone  he  placed  a  sword  in 
the  earth  and  "one  bright  boss  from  his 
shield." 

When  thou,  0  stone,  shall  moulder  down  and  lose 
thee  in  the  moss  of  years,  then  shall  the  traveller  nmie. 
and  whistling  peas  away.  .  .  .  Hera  Ruga]  resigned  bis 
spear  after  the  last  of  his  fields. — Oasjan,  Temora,  viii. 

Spear  ( 77ie  Forward),  a  sign  of  hostility. 
In  the  Ossianic  times,  when  a  stranger 
landed  on  a  coast,  if  he  held  the  point  of 
his  spear  forwards,  it  indicated  hostile 
intentions ;  but  if  he  held  the  point 
behind  him,  it  was  a  token  that  he  came 
as  a  friend. 

"Are  his  heroes  many!"  said  Cairhar ;  "and  lifts  he 
the  spear  of  battle,  or  conies  the  king  in  peace!"  "  In 
peace  he  conies  not,  king  of  Erin.  I  have  seen  his  for- 
ward spear." — Ossian,  Temora,  L 

Spear  of  Achilles.  Telephos,  son- 
in-law  of  Priam,  opposed  the  Greeks  in 
their  voyage  to  Troy.  A  severe  contest 
ensued,  and  Achilles  with  his  spear 
wounded  the  Mysian  king  severely.  He 
was  told  by  an  oracle  that  the  wound 
could  be  cured  only  by  the  instrument 
which  gave  it ;  so  he  sent  to  Achillas  to 
effect  his  cure.  The  surly  Greek  replied 
he  was  no  physician,  and  would  have 
dismissed  the  messengers  with  scant 
courtesy,  hut  Dlysses  whispered  in  his 
ear  that  the  aid  of  Telephos  was  required 
to  direct  them  on  their  way  to  Troy. 
Achilles  now  scraped  some  rust  from  his 
spear,  which,  being  applied  to  the  wound, 
healed  it.  This  so  conciliated  Telephos 
that  he  conducted  the  fleet  to  Troy,  and 


even  took   part  in  the  war  against  his 
father-in-law. 

Achilles'  and  his  father's  javelin  caused 

Pain  first,  and  then  the  beon  of  health  restored. 

Dante;  Hell.  xxxi.  (1300). 
And  other  folk  have  wondered  on  .   .   .  Achilles'  .  .  , 

si>ere. 
For  he  couthe  with  It  bothe  heale  and  dere. 
Chaucer.  Canterbury  Talet  ("  The  Squire's  Tale,"  1388). 
Whose  smile  and  frown,  like  to  Achilles'  spear, 
Li  able  with  the  change  to  kill  and  cure. 

Shakespeare,  '2  Henry  VI.  act  v.  sc.  1  (1591). 

%*  Probably  Telephos  was  cured  by 
the  plant  called  Achilles  (milfoil  or 
yarrow),  still  used  in  medicine  as  a  tunic. 
"  The  leaves  were  at  one  time  much  used 
for  healing  wounds,  and  are  still  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose  in  Scotland, 
Germany,  France,  and  other  countries." 
Achilles  (the  man)  made  the  wound, 
achilles  (the  plant)  healed  it. 

Spears  of  Spyinghow  ( 77<c  Tlirce), 
in  the  troop  of  Fitzurse. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Speech  ascribed  to  Dumb  Ani- 
mals. Al  Borak,  the  animal  which 
conveyed  Mahomet  to  the  seventh  heaven 
(p.  17) ;  Arion,  the  wonderful  horse  which 
Hercules  gave  to  Adrastos  (p.  51)  ;  Ba- 
laam's ass  (Xitmh.  xxii.  28-30) ;  the  black 
pigeons  of  Dodona  (p.  2.r>°,  art.  Dodona)  ; 
Comrade,  Fortunio's  horse  (p.  206);  Kat- 
mir,  the  dog  of  the  Seven  Sleepers  (p. 
506)  ;  Sulch's  camel  (p.  863)  ;  Temliha, 
king  of  the  serpents  (p.  981) ;  Xanthos.  t  lie 
horse  of  Achilles.  Frithjot" s  ship,  Fllida, 
could  not  speak,  but  it  understood  what 
was  said  to  it  (p.  905). 

Speech  given  to  Conceal 
Thought.  La  parole  a  €te  donne'e  a 
rhomme  potir  dtyuiscr  la  penser  or  pour 
Paider  a  cachcr  sa  pense'e.  Talleyrand 
is  usually  credited  with  this  sentence, 
but  captain  Gronow,  in  his  Recollections 
and  Anecdotes,  asserts  that  the  words  were 
those  of  count  Montrond,  a  wit  and  poet, 
called  "  the  most  agreeable  scoundrel  and 
most  pleasant  reprobate  in  the  court  of 
Marie  Antoinette." 

Voltaire,  in  Le  Chapon  et  la  Fovlardc, 
says:  "lis  n'employent  les  paroles  que 
pour  de'guiser  leurs  pense'es." 

Goldsmith,  in  The  Bee,  iii.  (October 
20,  1759),  has  borrowed  the  same  thought: 
"  The  true  use  of  speech  is  not  so  much  to 
express  our  wants  as  to  conceal  them.'' 

Speech-Makers  {Dad). 

Addison  could  not  make  a  speech.  He 
attempted  once  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  said,  "Mr.  Speaker,  I  conceive — I 
conceive,  sir — sir,  I  conceive "Where- 
upon a  member  exclaimed,  "  The  right 


SPEED.  937 


honourable  secretary  of  state  lias  con- 
ceiveil  thrice,  and  brought  forth  nothing." 

Campbbll  (  Thomas)  once  tried  to  make 
a  Bpeech,  hut  so  stuttered  and  stammered 
that  the  whole  tahle  was  convulsed  with 
laughter. 

ClCERO,  the  great  orator,  never  got  over 
his  nervous  terror  till  he  wanned  to  his 
subject. 

Irving  (Washington),  even  with  a 
epecch  written  out  and  laid  before  him, 
could  not  deliver  it  without  a  breakdown. 
In  fact,  he  could  hardly  utter  a  word  in 
public  without  trembling. 

Moore  (Thomas)  could  never  make  a 
speech. 

(Dickens  and  prince  Albert  always 
spoke  well  and  fluently.) 

Speed,  an  inveterate  punster  and  the 
clownish  servant  of  Valentine  one  of  the 
two  "gentlemen  of  Verona." — Shake- 
speare, TlieTuo  Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1594). 

Speed  the  Parting  Guest. 

Welcome  the  coming,  speed  the  part  inn  guest. 

Pope,  limner's  Odyssey  (lTUO). 

Speed  the  Plough,  a  comedy  by 
Thomas  Morton  (1798).  Farmer  Ash- 
field  brings  up  a  hoy  named  Henry, 
greatly  beloved  by  every  one.  This  Henry 
is  in  reality  the  son  of  "  Morrington," 
younger  brother  of  sir  Philip  Blandford. 
The  two  brothers  fixed  their  love  on  the 
same  lady,  but  the  younger  married  her, 
whereupon  sir  Philip  stabbed  him  to  the 
heart  and  fully  thought  him  to  be  dead, 
but  after  twenty  years  the  wounded  man 
re-appeared  and  claimed  his  son.  Henry 
marries  his  cousin  Emma  Blandford  ; 
and  the  farmer's  daughter,  Susan,  marries 
Robert  only  son  of  sir  Abel  Handy. 

Spenlow  (Mr.),  father  of  Dora 
(q.v.).  He  was  a  proctor,  to  whom  David 
Copperfield  was  articled.  Mr.  Spenlow 
was  killed  in  a  carriage  accident. 

Misses  Lavinia  and  Clarissa  Spenlow, 
two  spinster  aunts  of  Dora  Spenlow,  with 
whom  she  lived  at  the  death  of  her  father. 

They  were  not  unlike  hirds  altogether,  having  a  sharp. 
brisk,  sudden  manner,  and  ft  little,  short,  spruce  way  of 
adjusting  themselves,  like  canaries — C".  Ihckcns,  David 
Copperfield,  xli.  (18411)- 

Spens  (Sir  Patrick),  a  Scotch  hero, 
sent  in  the  winter-time  on  a  mission  to 
Norway.  His  ship,  in  its  home  passage, 
was  wrecked  against  the  Papa  Stronsay, 
and  every  one  on  hoard  was  lost.  The 
incident  has  furnished  the  subject  of  a 
famous  old  Scotch  ballad. 

Spenser.   The  Spenser  of  En  jlish  Prose 
Writers,  Jeremy  Taylor  (1613  10o7). 
40 


SPINDLE.  

Spenser,      From  Spenser    t 

that  is,  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  all 
poetry  ;  from  the  Sublime  to  the  ridi- 
culous.— 1  irvdcn,  Comment  on  Spenser,  etc. 

Spenser's  Monument,  in 
minster  Abbey,  was  erected  by  Anne  Clif- 
ford countess  of  Dorset. 

Spider  Cure  for  Fever  (^4). 

Onl>  In-ware  r,f  the  frver,  my  fri.tnl-.  1»  'a 

Fur  it  i^  not,  \ilr  thai  of  o  nt  i  old  Ai  nd  an  1 1 
Cured  by  the  wearing  a  spider  hung  round  one's  neck  in  » 
nutshell. 

Longfellow,  BtangtUnt,  li.  3  (1^;:'  . 

Spiders     (Unlucky    to    kill). 

especially   refers  to  those  small    B] 
called    "money-spinners,"    which    prog- 
nosticate good  luck.      Probably  1  • 
they  appear  in  greater  numbers  on  a  tine 
morning;  although  somesay  the  tine  day 
is  the  precursor  of  rain. 

Spynners  hen  tuken  of  dlvynatlon,  and  of  knowing  what 
wether  shal  M,  for  oft  bj  weden  that  abal  fat  some  p:n 
and  were  1 1 i_;(n-r  and  lower,  and  multitude  of  spanned 
ever  Iwtoken  moche  rejme.— Berthelet,  be  J'roprUtati'ju* 
Serum,  xviii.  314  (1536). 

Spiders  Indicators  of  Gold.  In 
the  sixteenth  century  it  was  generally 
said  that  "  Spiders  be  true  sij 
stores  of  gold;"  and  the  proverb 
thus:  While  a  passage  to  Cathay  was  being 
sought  by  the  north-west,  a  man  brought 
home  a  stone,  which  was  pronounced  to 
be  gold,  and  caused  such  a  ferment  that 
several  vessels  were  fitted  out  for  the 
express  purpose  of  collecting  gold.  Fro- 
bisher,  in  1577,  found,  in  one  of  the  islands 
on  which  he  landed,  similar  stones,  and 
an  enormous  number  of  spiders. 

Spider's  Net  (A).  When  Mahomet 
fled  from  Mecca,  he  hid  in  a  cave,  and  a 
Bpidei  wove  its  net  over  the  enti 
When  the  Koreisbites  came  thither,  they 
passed  on,  being  fully  persuaded  that  no 
one  had  entered  the  cave,  because  the  cob- 
web was  not  broken. 

In  the  Talmud,  we  are  told  thai  David, 

in  his  (light,  hid  himself  in  the  cave  07 
A  dul  lam,  and  a  spider  spun  its  net  over  the 
Openingi      When    Saul  came  up  and   Baw 

the  cobweb,  he  passed  on,  under  the  same 
persuasion. 

Spidireen  ( The).  If  a  sailor  is  asked 
to  what  ship  he  belongs,  and   does   not 

choose  to  tell,  he  s:iys.  "  The  spidireen 
frigate  with  nine  decks." 

Officers  who  do  not  choose  to  tell  their 
quarters,  give  1S.K.S.  as  their  address, 
i.e.  ParrneKS. 

Spindle  (Jack),  the  son  of  a  man  of 

tori  line.  Having  wasted  his  money  in 
riotous  living,  he  went  to  a  friend  to  bor  • 


SPIRIT  OF  THE  CAPE. 


938 


SPOONS. 


low  £100.  "  Let  me  see,  you  want  £100, 
Mr.  Spindle  ;  let  me  see,  would  not  £50  do 
for  the  present?"  "Well,"  said  Jack, 
"if  you  have  not  £100, 1  must  be  contented 
with  £50."  "  Dear  me,  Mr.  Spindle  !  " 
•said  the  friend,  "  I  find  I  have  but  £20 
about  me."  "  Never  mind,"  said  Jack, 
"  I  must  borrow  the  other  £30  of  some 
other  friend."     "Just  so,   Mr.    Spindle, 

I' ust  so.  By-the-by,  would  it  not  be  far 
letter  to  borrow  the  whole  of  that  friend, 
and  then  one  note  of  hand  will  serve  for 
the  whole  sum  ?  Good  morning,  Mr. 
Spindle  ;  delighted  to  see  you  !  Tom,  see 
the  gentleman  down." — Goldsmith,  The 
Bee,  iii.  (1759). 

Spirit  of  the  Cape  (The),  Ada- 
mastor.  a  hideous  phantom,  of  unearthly 
pallor,  "  erect  his  hair  uprose  of  withered 
red,"  his  lips  were  black,  his  teeth  blue 
and  disjointed,  his  beard  haggard,  his 
face  scarred  by  lightning,  his  eyes  "  shot 
livid  tire,"  his  voice  roared.  The  sailors 
trembled  at  the  sight  of  him,  and  the  fiend 
demanded  how  they  dared  to  trespass 
"where  neve.r  hero  braved  his  rage 
before  ?  "  lie  then  told  them  "  that  every 
year  the  shipwrecked  should  be  made  to 
deplore  their  foolhardiness."  According 
to  Barreto,  the  "  Spirit  of  the  Cape,"  was 
one  of  the  giants  who  stormed  heaven. 
— Camoens,  The  Lusiad  (1572). 

In  me  the  Spirit  of  the  Cape  behold  .  .  . 

That  rock  by  you  the  "dpi'  of  Tempests"  named  .  .  . 

Witli  wide-stretched  piles  I  guard  .  .  . 

Great  Adainastor  is  my  dreaded  name. 

Canto  v. 

Spirit  of  the  Mountain  (TJie), 
that  peculiar  melancholy  sound  which  pre- 
cedes a  heavy  storm,  very  observable  in 
hilly  and  mountainous  countries. 

The  wind  was  abroad  in  the  oaks.  The  Spirit  of  the 
Mountain  roared.  The  blast  came  rustling  through  the 
hall.— Ossian,  Dar-Thula. 

Spiri'to,  the  Holy  Ghost  as  the  friend 
of  man,  personified  in  canto  ix.  of  The 
Purple  Island,  by  Phineas  Fletcher  (1633). 
He  was  married  to  Crania,  and  their  off- 
spring are:  Knowledge,  Contemplation, 
Care,  Humility,  Obedience,  Faith  or 
Fido,  Penitence,  Elpi'nus  or  Hope,  and 
Love  the  foster-son  of  Gratitude.  (Latin, 
spirltus,  "spirit.") 

Spitfire  (117//)  or  Will  Spittal, 
serving-boy  of  Roger  Wildrake  the  dis- 
sipated royalist. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Spittle  Cure  for  Blindness. 
Spittle  was  once  deemed  a  sovereign 
remedy  for  ophthalmia. — Pliny,  Natural 
H\story,  xxviii.  7. 


%*  The  blind  man  restored  to  sight  by 
Vespasian  was  cured  by  anointing  his 
eyes  with  spittle. — Tacitus,  History,  iv. 
81  ;  Suetonius,  Vespasian,  vii. 

When  lyejuijhad  thus  spoken,  He  spat  on  the  ground, 
and  made  clay  of  the  spittle,  and  He  anointed  the  eyes  of 
the  blind  man  with  the  clay. — John  ix.  6. 

He  cometh  to  Bethsaida ;  and  they  bring  a  Mind  man 
unto  Him,  .  .  .  and  He  took  the  blind  man  by  the  hand, 
and  . .  .  when  He  had  spit  on  his  eyes  .  .  .  He  asked  him 
if  he  law  ought Mark  viii.  22,  23. 

Spontaneous  Combustion.  There 
are  above  thirty  cases  on  record  of  death 
by  spontaneous  combustion,  the  most 
famous  being  that  of  the  countess  Cor- 
nelia di  Baudi  Cesenate,  which  was  most 
minutely  investigated,  in  1731,  by  Gui- 
seppG  Bianchini,  a  prebendaiy  of  Verona. 

The  next  most  noted  instance  occurred 
at  Rheims,  in  1725,  and  is  authenticated 
by  no  less  an  authority  than  Mon.  Le  Cat, 
the  celebrated  physician. 

Messrs.  Fodere'  and  Meie  investigated 
the  subject  of  spontaneous  combustion, 
and  gave  it  as  their  fixe.l  opinion  that 
instances  of  death  from  such  a  cause 
cannot  be  doubted. 

In  vol.  vi.  of  the  Philosophical  Trans- 
actions, and  in  the  EnjUsh  Medical  Juris- 
prudence, the  subject  is  caiefully  investi- 
gated, and  several  examples  are  cited  in 
confirmation  of  the  fact. 

Joseph  Battaglia,  a  surgeon  of  Ponte 
Bosio,  gives  in  detail  the  case  of  don  G. 
Maria  Bcrtholi,  a  priest  of  mount  Valerius. 
While  reading  his  breviary,  the  body  of 
this  priest  burst  into  flames  in  several 
parts,  as  the  arms,  back,  and  head.  The 
sleeves  of  his  shirt,  a  handkerchief,  and 
his  skull-cap  were  all  more  or  less  con- 
sumed. He  survived  the  injury  four 
days.  (This  seems  to  me  more  like 
an  electrical  attack  than  an  instance  of 
spontaneous  combustion.) 

Spontoon,  the  old  confidential  sen  Tint 
of  colonel  Talbot. — Sir  W.  Scott,  rVaMP- 
ley  (time,  George  II.). 

Spoon.  One  needs  a  long  spoon  to  eat 
with  the  devil. — Old  Proverb. 

Therefore  bchoveth  him  a  ful  lone  stiim 
That  shall  ete  with  a  fend. 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tain,  lu.aitiC' Squires  Tale,"133S). 

Spoons  (Gossip).  It  was  customary 
at  one  time  for  sponsors  at  christen- 
ings to  give  gilt  spoons  as  an  offering  to 
their  godchild.  These  spoons  had  on  the 
handle  the  figure  of  one  of  the  apostles 
or  evangelists,  and  hence  were  called 
"Apostle  spoons."  The  wealthy  would 
give  the  twelve  apostles,  those  of  less 
opulence  the  four  evangelist*,  and  others 
again    a    single    Bpoon.      When    llunrv 


8P0RUS. 


939 


SPURS  OF  GOLD. 


VIII.  asks  ( 'runnier  to  be  pod  father  to 
"a  fair  young  maid,''  Oranmei  replies, 
"How  may  I  deserve  such  honour,  that 
am  a  poor  and  humble  subject?"  The 
king  rejoins,  "Come,  come,  my  lord, 
you'd  spare  your  spoons." — .Shakespeare, 
Henry  17//.' act  v.  sc.  2  (KM). 

Sporus.  Under  this  name,  Pope 
satirized  lord  John  Ilervev,  generally 
called  "lord  Fanny,"  from  his  effeminate 
habits  and  appearance.  He  was  "  half 
wit,  half  fool,  half  man,  half  beau." 
Lord  John  llcrvcy  was  vice-chamberlain 
in  173G,  and  lord  privy  seal  in  1740. 

That  thing  of  silk. 
Sporus,  that  mere  white  curd  of  asses'  milk  j 
Satire  or  sense,  alas  I  can  Spurns  fid. 
Who  breaks  a  butterfly  upon  a  wheel? 

A.  Pope,  Prologue  to  the  Satires  (1734). 

***  This  lord  John  llervey  married 
the  beautiful  Molly  Lapel ;  hence  Pope 
«avs: 

So  perfect  a  beau  and  a  belle 
As  when  Hervey  the  handsome  was  wedded 
To  the  beautiful  Molly  Lapel. 

S.  P.  Q.  R.,  the  Romans.  The  letters 
are  the  initials  of  Senatus  J'<>/»ihis-Que 
Jioinanus. 

New  blood  must  be  pumped  Into  the  veins  and  arteries 
of  the  S.  P.  Q.  K.— G.  A.  Bab  {BOgravia,  April,  1871). 

Sprackling  (</»s< ph),  a  money-lender 
and  a  self-made.  man. 

Thomas  Sprackling,  his  brother,  and  equal 
in  roguery. — Wybcrt  Reeve,  Parted. 

Sprat  Day,  November  D,  the  first 
day  of  sprat-selling  in  the  streets.  The 
season  lasts  about  ten  weeks. 

Sprenger  (Louis),  Annette  Veilcheu'a 
bachelor. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Ueier- 
stcin  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Sprightly  (Miss  Kitty),  the  ward  of 
sir  Gilbert  Pumpkin  of  Strawberry  Ball. 

Miss  Kitty  is  a  great  heiress,  but  Btage- 
struck,  and  when  captain  Charles  Stanley 
is  introduced,  she  falls  in  love  with  him, 
first  as  a  "  play  actor,"  and  then  in  reality. 
— I.  Jackman,  All  the  World's  a  Stage. 

Spring  (A  Sacral).  The  ancient 
Sabines,  in  times  of  great  national  danger, 
vowed  to  the  gods  "a  sacred  spring" 
(ver  sacrum),  if  they  would  remove  the 
danger.  That  is,  all  the  childien  bom 
during  the  next  spring  were  "held 
sacred,"  and  at  the  age  01  20  were  com- 
pelled to  leave  their  country  and  seek  for 
themselves  a  new  home. 

Spring.    (See  Seasons.) 

Spring-Heel  Jack.  The  marquis  of 
Waterford,  in  the  early  parts  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  used  to  amuse  himself  by 


springing  on  travellers  unawares,  toterrify 
them  :  ami  from  time  to  time  others  have 
followed  his  silly  example.  Even  so  late 
as  1877-8,  an  officer  in  her  majesty's  ser- 
vice caused  much  excitement  in  the 
garrisons  stationed  at  Aidershot,  Col- 
chester,  and  elsewhere,  by  his  "spring- 
heel  "  pranks.  In  Chichester  and  its 
neighbourhood  the  tales  told  of  this 
adventurer  caused  quite  a  little  panic, 
and  many  nervous  people  were  afraid  to 
venture  out  after  sunset,  for  fear  "f  being 
"sprung"  upon.  1  myself  investigated 
some  of  the  cases  reported  to  me,  but 
found  them  for  the  most  part  Fakenham 
ghost  tales. 

Springer  (The).    Ludwig  Biargrave 

of  Thuringia  was  so  called,  because  he 
escaped  from  Giebichenstein,  in  the 
eleventh  century,  by  leaping  over  the 
river  Saale. 

Sprinklers    {Holy    Water),   Danish 

clubs,  with  spiked  balls  fastened  to 
chains. 

Spriice,  M.C.  (Captain),  in  Lend  Me 
Shillings,  by  J.   M.  Morton   (1761- 
1838). 

Sprueh-Sprecher  (The)  or  "saver 
of  sayings  "to  the  archduke  of  Austria. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  'The  Talisman  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Spuma'dor,  prince  Arthur's  horse. 
So  called  from  the  foam  of  its  mouth, 
which  indicated  its  fiery  temper. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  ii.  (1590). 

%*  In  the  Mabmogion,  his  favourite 
marc  is  called  Llamrei  ('"the  curveter"). 

Spurs  (Ttie  Battle  of),  the  battle  of 
Guinnegate,    in     1513,    between    Henry 

VIII.  and  the  due  de  Longueville.  So 
called  because  the  French  used  their 
spurs  in  flight  more  than  their  swords  in 
fight.     (See  Spurs  ok  Gold,  etc.) 

Spurs  (To  dish  u}<  the),  to  give  one's 
guests  a  hint  to  go  ;  to  maunder  on  when 
the  orator  has  nothing  of  importance  te 
say.    During  the  time  of  the  border  feuds, 

when  a  great  family  had  come  to  an  end 
of  their  provisions,  the  lady  of  the  house 

sent  to  table  a  dish  of  Bpnrs,  as  a  hint 
that  the  guests  must  spur  their  hoi 

for    fresh     raids    before    they    could    be 

feasted  again. 

When  the  Inst  bullock  was  killed  and  deroured.  It  waj 
the  lady's  custom  to  place  on  the  table  .i  data  i 
being  uncoren  I,  irai  found  to  contain  a  pair  of  dean 
■pun— a  hint  to  the  ridefi  thai  the)  musl  ihUl  for  1 1 >« 
next  meal.    Bonitr  afinatm/aji  (new  edit  ),  L  21J  note. 

Spurs  of  Gold  (Bottle  of  the),  the 


SQUAB. 

battle  of  Courtray,  the  most  memorable 
in  Flemish  history  (July  11,  1302). 
Here  the  French  were  utterly  routed,  and 
700  gold  spurs  were  hung  as  trophies  in 
the  church  of  Notre  Dame  de  Courtray. 
It  is  called  in  French  Juurne'edes  E]>m>ns 
d'Or.     (See  Spurs,  The  Battle  of.) 

Marching  homeward  from  the  bloody  battle  of  the  Spurs 
of  Gold. 

Longfellow,  Tht  Belfry  Of  BrJJt*. 

Squab  (Tfie  Poet).  Drjden  was  so 
called  by  lord  Rochester. 

Squab  Pie,  a  pie  made  of  mutton, 
apples,  and  onions. 

Cornwall  squab  pie,  and  Devon  white-pot  brings. 
And  Leicester  bcana  and  bacon  fit  for  kings. 

King,  Art  of  Cookery. 

Squab  Pie,  a  pie  made  of  squabs,  that 
is,  young  pigeons. 

Square  (Mr.),  a  "  philosopher,"  in 
Fielding's  novel  called  The  History  of 
Tom  Jones,  a  Foundling  (1749). 

Squeers  (Mr.  Wackford),  of  Dothe- 
boys  Hall,  Yorkshire,  a  vulgar,  con- 
ceited, ignorant  schoolmaster,  overbear- 
ing, grasping,  and  mean.  He  steals  the 
boys'  pocket  money,  clothes  his  son  in 
their  best  suits,  half  starves  them,  and 
teaches  them  next  to  nothing.  Ulti- 
mately, he  is  transported  for  purloining 
a  deed. 

Mrs.  Squeers,  wife  of  Mr.  Wackford, 
a  raw-boned,  harsh,  heartless  virago, 
without  one  spark  of  womanly  feeling 
for  the  boys  put  under  her  charge. 

Miss  Fanny  Squeers,  daughter  of  the 
schoolmaster,  "not  tall  like  her  mother, 
but  short  like  her  father.  From  the 
former  she  inherited  a  voice  of  hoarse 
quality,  and  from  the  latter  a  remark- 
able expression  of  the  right  eye."  Miss 
Fanny  falls  in  love  with  Nicholas  Niekle- 
by,  but  hates  him  and  spites  him  because 
he  is  insensible  of  the  soft  impeachment. 

Master  Wackford  Squeers,  son  of  the 
schoolmaster,  a  spoilt  boy,  who  was 
dressed  in  the  best  clothes  of  the  scholars. 
He  was  overbearing,  self-willed,  and 
passionate. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby 
(1838). 

The  person  who  suggested  the  character  of  Squeers  was 
a  Mr.  Shaw  of  Bowes.  He  married  a  Miss  Laidman. 
Tin'  satire  ruined  the  school,  and  was  the  death  both  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shaw — Sotet  and  Qiuriet,  October  36, 
1S73. 

Squeeze  (Miss),  a  pawnbroker's 
daughter.  Her  father  had  early  taught 
her  that  money  is  the  "one  thing  need- 
ful," and  at  death  left  her  a  moderate 
competence.  She  was  so  fully  convinced 
of  the  vulue  of    money   that  bhc  would 


910  SQUIRT. 


never  part  with  a  farthing  without  an 
eiiuivalent,  and  refused  several  oiFers, 
because  she  felt  persuaded  her  suitors 
sought  her  money  and  not  herself.  Now 
she  is  old  and  ill-natured,  marked  with 
the  smali-pox,  and  neglected  by  every 
one. — Goldsmith,  A  Citizen  of  the  World, 
xxviii.  (1759). 

Squint  (Lawyer),  the  great  politician 
of  society.  He  makes  speeches  for  mem- 
bers of  parliament,  writes  addresses,  gives 
the  history  of  every  new  play,  and  finds 
"seasonable  thought"  upon  every  pos- 
sible subject. — Goldsmith,  A  Citizen  of 
the  World,  xxix.  (1769). 

Squint  -  Eyed,     [Guercino]    Gian- 
Francesco   Barbieri,  the    painter    (1590 
1G6G). 

Squintum  (2>.).  George  White- 
field  is  so  called  by  Foote  in  his  farce 
entitled  The  Minor  (1714-1770). 

8qvmtum  (Dr.).  The  Rev.  Edward 
Irving,  who  had  an  obliquity  of  the  eyes, 
was  so  called  by  Theodore  Hook  (1792- 
1834). 

Squire  of  Dames  ( The),  a  young 
knight,  in  love  with  Col'umbell,  whe 
appointed  him  a  year's  service  before  she 
would  consent  to  become  his  bride.  The 
"  squire  "  was  to  travel  for  twelve  months, 
to  rescue  distressed  ladies,  and  bring 
pledges  of  his  exploits  to  Columbell. 
At  the  end  of  the  year  he  placed  800 
pledges  in  her  hands,  but  instead  of  re- 
warding him  by  becoming  his  bride,  she 
set  li i iii  another  task,  vi/..,  to  travel  about 
the  world  on  foot,  and  not  present  himself 
again  till  lie  could  bring  her  pledges  from 
300  damsels  that  they  would  live  in 
chastity  all  their  life.  The  squire  told 
Columbell  that  in  three  years  he  had 
found  only  three  persons  who  would 
take  the  pledge,  and  only  one  of  these, 
he  said  (a  rustic  cottager),  took  it  from 
a  "principle  of  virtue;"  the  other  two 
(a  nun  and  a  courtezan)  promised  to  do 
bo,  but  did  not  voluntarily  join  the 
"virgin  martyrs."  This  "Squire  ol 
Dames  "  turned  out  to  be  Britomart. — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  7  (1590). 

%*  This  story  is  imitated  from  "  The 
Host's  Tale,"  in  Orlando  Furioso,  xxviii. 

Squirt,  the  apothecary's  boy,  in 
Garth's  Dispensary ;  hence  any  appren- 
tice lad  or  errand  hoy. 

Hi  rii  sauntering  'prentices  o'er  Otwnr  weep, 

0  <i'  Oongreva  smile,  or  over  l>'Urfe>  ship, 

1  Iim  i ■!  wmpttwM  iiie  Lock's  foinad  Bsqpt  unfold. 
And  Squirts  rood  liurtb  till  apozems  grow  .  old. 

j.  o.o.  'rt, »u  una) 


SQUOD. 


OIL 


STANDARD. 


(Pope  wrote  T/ce  Rape  of  the  Lock, 
1712.) 

Squod(/Vu7),  a  grotesque  little  fellow, 
faithfully  attached  to  Mr.  George  the 
Bon  of  Mrs.  Rouncewell  (housekeeper  at 
Chesney  Wold).  George  had  rescued  the 
little  street  arab  from  the  gutter,  and 
the  boy  lived  at  George's  "  Shooting 
Gallery"  in  Leicester  Square  (London). 
Phil  was  remarkable  for  limping  along 
sidewavs,  as  if  "  tacking." — 0.  Dickens, 
Bleak  House  (1852). 

S.  S.,  souvenance,  forget-me-not,  in 
remembrance,  a  souvenir. 

On  the  Wednesday  preceding  Easter  Day,  14<>5,  as  sir 
Anthony  was  speaking  to  his  royal  sister,  on  his  knees, 
nil  the  ladies  of  the  court  gathered  round  him,  and  bound 
to  his  left  knee  a  band  of  gold,  adorned  with  stones 
fashioned  into  the  letters  S.  8.  {souvenance  or  remem- 
brance), and  to  this  band  was  suspended  an  enamelled 
"forget-me-not."  —  Lord  Lytton,  Lust  oj  the  liaront, 
tv.  5  (184a). 

S.  S.  G.  G.,  the  letters  of  the  Fem- 
gerichte.  They  stand  for  Stock,  Stein, 
Gras,  Grein  ("  Stick,"  "Stone,"  "Grass," 
"Groan").  What  was  meant  by  these 
four  words  is  not  known. 

Stael  {Madame  de),  called  by  Heine 
[Hi.ne]  "a whirlwind  in  petticoats,"  and 
a  "  sultana  of  mind." 

Stag  {The)  symbolizes  Christ,  because 
(according  to  fable)  it  draws  serpents  by 
its  breath  out  of  their  holes,  and  then 
train  pies  them  to  death. — Pliny,  Natural 
History,  viii.  50. 

Stag  or  Hind,  emblem  of  the  tribe 
of  Naphtali.  In  the  old  church  at  Tot- 
ness  is  a  stone  pulpit  divided  into  com- 
partments, containing  shields  bearing  the 
emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes,  this  being 
one. 

Naphtali  is  a  hind  let  loose.— Gen.  xlix.  21. 

Stag's  Horn,  considered  in  Spain  a 
safeguard  against  the  evil  eye  ;  hence,  a 
small  horn,  silver-tipped,  is  often  hung  on 
the  neck  of  a  child.  If  an  evil  eye  is 
then  cast  on  the  child,  it  enters  the  horn, 
which  i  j  bursts  asunder. 

Are  you  not  afraid  of  the  evil  eye? 
Have  you  a  stag's  horn  with  you  1 

Longfellow,  The  Spaniih  student,  iiL  5. 

Stagg  {Benjamin),  the  proprietor  of 
the  cellar  in  the  Barbican  where  the  secret 
society  of  "'Prentice  Knights"  used  to 
convene.  He  was  a  blind  man,  who 
fawned  on  Mr.  Sim  Tappertit,  "the 
'prentices'  glory"  and  captain  of  the 
'"Prentice  Knights."  But  lliere  was  a 
disparity  between  his  words  and  senti- 
ments, if  we  ma}'  judge  from  this 
specimen  •    "Good     night,     most    noble 


captain  !  farewell,  brave  general !  bye- 
bye,  illustrious  commander  ! — a  conceited, 
bragging,  empty-headed,  duck-legged 
idiot  !  "  Benjamin  Stagg  was  shot  by 
the  soldiery  in  the  Gordon  riots. — C. 
Dickens,  Barnaby  Rudje  (1841). 

Stagirite  (3  syl.).  Aristotle  is  called 
the  Stagirite  because  he  was  born  at 
Stagira,  in  Macedon.  Almost  all  our 
English  poets  call  the  word  Stagirite; 
as  Pope, Thomson,  Swift,  Byron,  Words- 
worth, B.  Browning,  etc.  ;  but  it  should 
be  Stagi'rite  (ZTa-ye<p<Tnr). 

Tli  iik  like  a  glory  round  the  Stagy)  its. 
Your  rivals  throng,  the  ngett, 

U.  Crowning,  I'eracclrus,  L 
All  the  wisdom  of  the  Stagirite. 

Wordsworth. 
Plato,  the  Stagy-rite,  and  Tully  Joined. 

Thomson. 
As  if  the  Stagirite  e'erlouked  the  line. 

Pope. 
Is  rightly  censured  by  the  Stagirite, 
Who  says  his  numbers  do  nut  fadge  aright 

Swift,  To  Inr.  Sheridan  (171S). 

Stamboul  (2  syl.),  Constantinople. 

And  Stamlfciul's  minaret.-*  must  greet  my  fight. 
Byron,  English  /lariU  ami  Scotch  RmUu.tr*  11S09). 

Stammerer  (The),  Louis  II.  of 
France,  It  Be'yue  (846,  K77-K7D). 

Michael  II.  emperor  of  the  East 
(*,  820-829). 

Notker  or  Notger  of  St.  Gall  (830- 
9'  2). 

Stanchells,  head  jailer  at  the  Glas- 
gow tolbooth. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Jiub  Boy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Standard.  A  substantial  building 
for  water  supplies,  as  the  Water  Stan- 
dard of  Comhill,  the  Standard  in  Cheap, 
opposite  Honey  Lane,  "which  John 
Wells,  grocer,  caused  to  be  made  [?  re- 
built] in  his  mayoralty,  1430." — Stow, 
Surrey  ("  Cheapside  "). 

The  Cheapside  Standard.  This  Standard 
was  in  existence  in  the  nign  of  Edward 
1.  In  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  two 
fishmongers  were  beheaded  at  the 
Cheapside  Standard,  for  aiding  in  a  riot. 
Henrj  IV.  caused  "  the  blank  charter  of 
Richard  II."  to  be  burnt  at  this  place. 

The  Standard,  Comhill.  This  was  a 
conduit  with  four  spouts,  made  by  Peter 
Morris,  a  German,  in  1582,  and  supplied 
with  Thames  water,  conveyed  by  leaden 
pipes  over  the  steeple  of  St.  Magnus's 
Church.  It  stood  at  the  east  end  of 
Comhill,  at  its  junction  with  Grace- 
church  Street,  l'.ishopsgate  Strict,  and 
LeadenhaU  Street.  'Hie  water  ceased 
to  run  between  1598  and  H'A)3,  Lut  the 
Standard    itself    remained     long     after. 


STANDAED. 


942 


ST^RCHATERUS. 


Distances    from  London  were  measured 
from  this  spot. 

In  the  year  1775  there  stood  upon  the  borders  of  Epplng 
Forest,  at  a  distance  of  about  twelve  miles  from  London, 
meaaning  from  the  Standard  in  Cornbill,  or  rather  from 
the  spot  on  which  the  Standard  used  to  be,  a  house  of 
public  entertainment  called  the  Maypole. — Dickens, 
Uarnaby  Rxulge,  1.  (1841). 

Standard  (The  Battle  of  the),  the 
battle  of  Luton  Moor,  near  Northallerton, 
between  the  English  and  the  Scotch,  in 
1138.  So  called  from  the  "standard," 
which  was  raised  on  a  waggon,  and 
placed  in  the  centre  of  the  English  army. 
The  pole  displayed  the  standards  of  St. 
Cuthbert  of  Durham,  St.  Peter  of  York, 
St.  John  of  Beverley,  and  St.  Wilfred  of 
Ripon,  surmounted  by  a  little  silver 
casket  containing  a  consecrated  wafer. — 
Hailes,  Annals  of  Scotland,  i.  85  (1779). 

The  Battle  of  the  Standard  was  so  called  from  the 
banner  of  St.  Cuthbert,  which  was  thought  always  to 
aecure  success.  It  came  forth  at  the  Itattlc  of  N  evil's  Cross. 
and  was  again  victorious.  It  whs  preserved  with  great 
reverence  till  the  Reformation,  when,  in  1S4U.  Catharine 
Whlttingham  (a  French  lady),  wife  of  the  dean  of  Durham, 
burnt  it  out  of  zeal  against  po|>ery. — Miss  Yonge.  0MHM 
•/  Jin.jlith  Ilittnry.  128-8  (1868). 

Standing  (To  die).  Vespasian  said, 
"An  emperor  of  Rome  ought  to  die 
standing."  Louis  XVIII.  of  France  said, 
"  A  king  of  France  ought  to  die  standing." 
This  craze  is  not  confined  to  crowned 
heads. 

Standish  (Miles),  the  puritan  cap- 
tain, was  short  of  stature,  strongly  built, 
broad  in  the  shoulders,  deep-chested, 
and  with  sinews  like  iron.  His  daughter 
Rose  was  the  first  to  die  "of  all  who 
came  in  the  Mayflower."  Being  desirous 
to  marry  Priscilla  "the  beautiful  puri- 
tan," he  sent  young  Alden  to  plead  his 
cause;  but  the  maiden  answered  archly, 
"  Whv  don't  you  speak  for  yourself, 
John  ?  "  Soon  after  this,  Standish  was 
shot  with  a  poisoned  arrow,  and  John 
Alden  did  speak  for  himself,  and  pre- 
vailed.— Longfellow,  Courtship  of  Miles 
Standish  (1858). 

Standish  (Mr.  Justice),  a  brother 
magistrate  with  Bailie  Trumbull. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Hob  Hoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Stanley,  in  the  earl  of  Sussex's  train. 
— Sir  \V.  Scott,  Kenilworth  (time,  Eliza- 
beth). 

Stanley  (Captain  Charles),  introduced 
by  his  friend  captain  Stukely  to  the 
family  at  Strawberry  Hall.  Here  he 
meets  Miss  Kitty  Sprightly  an  heiress, 
who  has  a  theatrical  twist.  The  captain 
makes  love  to  her  under  the  mask  of 
acting,  induces  her  to  run  oil' with  him 
and  get  married,   then,   returning  to  the 


hall,  introducts  her  as  his  wife.  All  the 
family  fancy  he  is  only  "acting,"  but 
discover  too  late  that  their  "  play"  is  a 
life-long  reality. — I.  Jackman,  All  the 
World's  a  Stage. 

Stanley  Crest  ( The) .  On  a  chapeau 
gu.  an  eagle  feeding  on  an  infant  in  its 
nest.  The  legend  is  that  sir  Thomas  de 
Lathom,  having  no  male  issue,  was 
walking  with  his  wife  one  day,  and  heard 
the  cries  of  an  infant  in  an  eagle's  nest. 
They  looked  on  the  child  as  a  gift  from 
God,  and  adopted  it,  and  it  became  the 
founder  of  the  Stanley  race  (time,  Edward 
III.). 

Staples  (Lawrence),  head  jailer  at 
Kenilworth  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenil- 
worth (time,  Elizabeth). 

Star  Falling.  Any  wish  formed 
during  the  shoot  of  a  star  will  come  to 
pass. 

Star  of  Arcady  (The),  the  Great 
Bear  ;  so  called  from  Calisto,  daughter  of 
Lycaoo  king  of  Arcadia.  The  Little 
Hear  is  called  the  Tyrian  Cynosure,  from 
Areas  or  Cynosura  son  of  Calisto. 

And  thou  shalt  be  our  stir  of  Arcady, 
Or  Tyrian  Cynosure  (3  iyl.). 

Milton,  Comui.  S42  (1634). 

%*  Of  course,  "Cynosure"  signifie.. 
"dog*!  tail,"  Greek,  kunos  oura,  meaning 
the  star  in  Ursa  Minor. 

Star  of  South  Africa,  a  diamond 
discovered  in  the  South  African  fields.  It 
weighed  in  the  rough  83J  carats ;  and 
after  being  cut  4G$  carats. 

Star  of  the  South  (The),  the  second 
largest  cut  diamond  in  the  world.  It 
weighs  254  carats.  It  was  discovered  in 
Brazil  by  a  poor  negress  (1853). 

Starch  (Dr.),  the  tutor  of  Blushing- 
ton.— W.  T.  Moncrieff,  T/te  Bashful  Mar*. 

Starchat'erus,  of  Sweden,  a  giant 
in  stature  and  strength,  whose  life  was 
protracted  to  thrice  the  ordinary  term. 
When  he  felt  himself  growing  old,  he 
hung  a  bag  of  gold  round  his  neck,  and 
told  Olo  he  might  take  the  bag  of  gold 
if  he  would  cut  oil  his  head,  and  he  did 
so.  He  hated  luxury  in  every  form,  and 
said  a  man  was  a  fool  who  went  and 
dined  out  for  the  sake  of  better  fare. 
One  day,  Helgo  king  of  Norway  asked 
him  to  be  his  champion  in  a  contest 
which  was  to  be  decided  by  himself 
alone  against  nine  adversaries.  Star- 
chatenu  selected  for  the  site  of  combat 
the  top  of  a  mountain  covered  with  snow, 


STARELEIGH. 


9-13 


STEELE  GLAS. 


and,  throwing  off  his  clothes,  waited  for 
the  nine  adversaries.  When  asked  if  he 
would  fight  with  them  one  hy  one  or  all 
together,  he  replied,  "  When  dogs  bark 
at  me,  I  drive  them  all  off  at  once." — 
Joannes  Magnus,  Gothorum  Saevorumquo 
Historia  (1554). 

Stareleigh  (Justice),  a  stout,  pudgy- 
little  judge,  very  deaf,  and  very  iras- 
cible, who,  in  the  absence  of  the  chief 
justice,  sat  in  judgment  on  the  trial  of 
"  Bardell  v.  Pickwick." — C.  Dickens, 
Tlie  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

Starno,  king  of  Lochlin.  Having 
been  conquerea  by  Fingal  and  generously 
Bet  at  liberty,  he  promised  Fingal  his 
daughter  Aganiecca  in  marriage,  but 
meant  to  deal  treacherously  by  him  and 
kill  him.  Fingal  accepted  the  invitation 
of  Starno,  and  sprnt  three  days  in  boar- 
hunts.  He  was  thew  warned  by  Agandecca 
to  beware  of  her  father,  who  had  set  an 
ambuscade  to  waylay  him.  Fingal,  being 
forewarned,  fell  on  tLe  ambush  and  slew 
p.very  man.  When  S.arno  heard  thereof, 
le  slew  his  daughter,  whereupon  Fingal 
and  his  followers  tods  to  arms,  and 
Starno  either  "  fled  or  died."  Swaran 
succeeded  his  father  Stt»rao. — Ossian,  Fin- 
gal, iii. ;  see  also  Cath-lioda. 

Starvation  Dundas,  Henry  Dun- 
das  the  first  lord  Melville.  So  called 
because  he  introduced  the  word  starvation 
into  the  language  (1775). 

Starveling  (Robin),  the  tailor.  He 
was  cast  for  the  part  of  "Thisbe's 
mother,"  in  the  drama  played  before 
duke  Theseus  (2  syl.)  on  "his  wedding 
day  at  night."  Starveling  has  nothing 
to  say  in  the  drama. —  Shakespeare, 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream  (151)2). 

State,  a  royal  chair  with  a  canopy 
over  it. 

Our  hostess  keeps  her  state. 
Shakespeare,  Mavbeth,  act  iii.  sc.  4  (1C06). 

Stati'ra,  the  heroine  of  La  Calpre- 
nede's  romance  of  Cassandra.  Statin  is 
the  daughter  of  Darius,  and  is  repre- 
sented as  the  "  most  perfect  of  the  works 
of  creation."  Oroondates  is  in  love  with 
her,  and  ultimately  marries  her. 

Stati'ra,  daughter  of  Dari'us,  and  wife  of 
Alexander.  Young,  beautiful,  womanly, 
of  strong  affection,  noble  bearing,  mild 
yet  haughty,  yielding  yet  brave.  Her 
love  for  Alexander  was  unbounded. 
When  her  nival  husband  took  RoxSna 
intc    favour,    the    proud    spirit    of    the 


princess  was  indignant,  but  Alexander, 
by  his  love,  won  her  hack  again.  Statira 
was  murdered  by  Roxana  the  Bactrian, 
called  the  "  Rival  Queen." — N.  Lee, 
Alexander  the  Great  (l»i7."<). 

Miss  Boutwell  was  the  original  "  Statin  *  of  Lee's 
Alexandert  and  once,  when  playing  with  Mrs.  Barry 
[16T8J  she  was  in  danger  "i  receirlng  on  the 
death-blow.  It  happened  that :  Before  Uie  curtain 
drew  up.  the  two  queens,  "  Btatira"  ami  "  Roxana  "  had 
a  real  dvahhlp  about  a  lace  veil,  allotted  to  htiai  B  lutwell 
by  Uie  manager.  This  so  enraged  Mrs.  Barry  that,  in 
"stabbing  'Statira,'"  she  actually  thrust  her  dagger 
through  her  rival's  stays,  a  quarter  of  an  inch  ur  inure 
Into  tlie  flesh. — Campbell,  Life  of  Mrt.  Siddoiu. 

Dr.  Doran  tells  us  that : 

Tlie  charming  George  Ann  Bellamy  [1~S-17S8]  procured 
from  Paris  two  gorgeous  dresses  for  the  part  ol  "  Statira" 
When  Beg  Woffington,  who  played  "  Roxana,"  saw  ihcni, 
she  was  ju  overcome  by  malice,  hatred,  and  all  uucharhV 
ahleness,  that  she  rolled  IkT  rival  in  tlie  Just,  pummelled 
her  with  tlie  handle  of  her  dagger,  and  screamed  iu 
anger : 

Nor  be,  nor  heaven,  shall  shield  thee  from  my  jusUee. 

Die,  sorceress,  die  :  and  all  my  wrongs  die  with  thee  I 
Table  Traits. 

Staunton  (The  Rev.  Mr.),  rector  of 
Willingham,    and     father     of     George 

Staunton. 

George  Staunton,  son  of  tlie  Lev.  Mr. 
Staunton.  He  appears  first  as  "Geoidie 
Robertson,"  a  felon  ;  and  in  the  Porteoua 
mob  he  assumes  the  guise  of  "  Madge 
Wildfire."  George  Staunton  is  the 
seducer  of  Effie  Deans.  Ultimately  lie 
comes  to  the  title  of  baronet,  marries 
Effie,  and  is  shot  by  a  gipsy  boy  called 
"  The  Whistler,"  who  proves  to  be  his 
own  natural  son. 

Lady  Staunton,  Effie  Deans  after  her 
marriage  with  sir  George.  On  the  death 
of  her  husband,  she  retires  to  a  convent 
on  the  Continent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Steadfast,  a  friend  of  the  Duberly 
family. — Cohnan,  The  Hetr-at-Law(l797). 

Steeds  of  the  Sea.  ships,  a  com- 
mon synonym  of  the  Runic  bards. 

And  thro'  the  deep  exulting  sweep 
The  Thunder-steeds  oi  Sp  un 

Lord  Lytton.  vdt,  1.  (1839). 

Steel  Castle,  a  strong  ward,  belong- 
ing to  the  Yellow  Dwarf.  Here  he 
confined  All-Fair  when  she  refused  to 
marry  him  according  to  her  promise. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tues  ("The 
Yellow  Dwarf,"  L682). 

Steele  Glas  ( The),  a  mirror  in 
which  we  may  "see  ourselves  as  others 
see  us,"  or  see  others  in  their  true 
likenesses. 

'The  Christel  Glasse,  on  the  other  hand, 
reflects  us  as  vanity  dictates,  and  sb/wa 
other  people  as  fame  paints  th:ui.     Tuese 


STEENIE. 


944 


STEPHANO. 


mirrors  were  made  by  Lucyl'ius  (an  old 
Bati  rist). 

Lucyllus  .  .  .  bequeathed  "  The  Christel  Glasse " 
To  such  as  love  to  seme  but  not  to  be  ; 
But  unto  those  that  love  to  see  themselves, 
How  foul  or  fayre  soever  that  they  are, 
He  gan  bequeath  a  Glasse  of  trustie  Steel. 

G.  Gascoigne,  The  Steele  G/as  (died  1577). 

Steenie,  i.e.  "  Stephen."  So  George 
Villiers  duke  of  Buckingham  was  called 
by  James  I.,  because,  like  Stephen  the 
first  martyr,  "  all  that  sat  in  the  council, 
t  looking  stedfastly  on  him,  saw  his  face 
as  it  had  been  the  face  of  an  angel" 
(Acts  vi.  15). 

Steenson  ( Willie)  or  "  Wandering 
Willie,"  the  blind  fiddler. 

Steenie  Steenson,  the  piper,  in  Wander- 
ing Willie's  tale. 

Maggie  Steenson,  or  "  Epps  Anslie," 
the  wife  of  Wandering  WLlie. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Eedgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Steerforth,  the  young  man  who  led 
little  Em'ly  astray.  When  tired  of  his 
toy,  he  proposed  to  her  to  marry  his 
valet.  Steerforth,  being  shipwrecked  off 
the  coast  of  Yarmouth,  Ham  Peggotty  tried 
to  rescue  him,  but  both  were  drowned. — C. 
Dickens,  David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Stein.  There  is  a  German  saying 
that,  "Kremsand  Stein  are  three  places." 
The  solution  lies  in  the  word  "and" 
(German,  und).  Now  Und  is  between 
Krems  and  Stein  ;  so  that  Krems,  Und, 
[and]  Stein  are  three  places. 

Steinbaeh  (Erwin  von)  designed 
Strasbourg  Cathedral ;  begun  1015,  and 
finished  1439. 

A  great  master  of  his  craft 
Erwin  von  Steinbaeh. 

Longfellow,  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

8teinernherz  von  Blutsacker 
(Francis),  the  scharf-gerichter  or  execu- 
tioner.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geier stein 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Steinfeldt  (The  old  baroness  of), 
introduced  in  Donnerhugel's  narrative. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Steinfort  (The  baron),  brother  of 
the  countess  Wintersen.  He  falls  in  love 
with  Mrs.  Haller,  but,  being  informed  of 
tb?  relationship  between  Mrs.  Haller  and 
"  the  stranger,"  exerts  himself  to  bring 
about  a  reconciliation. — Benj.  Thompson, 
The  Stranger  (1797). 

SteUa.  The  lady  Penelope  Devereux, 
the  object  of  sir  Philip  Sidney's  affection. 
She  married  lord  Rich,  and  was  a  widow 
in  Sidney's  life-time.     Spenser  says,  in 


his  Astrophel,  when  Astrophel  (sir 
Philip)  died,  Stella  died  of  grief,  and  the 
two  "lovers"  were  converted  into  one 
flower,  called  "  Starlight,"  which  is  first 
red,  and  as  it  fades  turns  blue.  Some 
call  it  penthea,  but  henceforth  (he  says)  it 
shall  be  called  "Astrophel."  It  is  a  pure 
fiction  that  Stella  died  from  grief  at  the 
death  of  Sidney,  for  she  afterwards 
married  Charles  Blount,  created  by 
James  I.  earl  of  Devonshire.  The  poet 
himself  must  have  forgotten  his  own 
lines : 

Ne  less  praiseworthy  Stella  do  I  read, 
Tho'  in night  my  praises  of  her  needed  are. 

Whom  verse  of  noblest  shepherd  lately  dead  [1586] 
Hath  praised  and  raised  above  each  other  star. 
Spenser,  Colin  Clout's  Come  JJome  Again  (1591). 

Stella.  Miss  Hester  Johnson  was  so 
called  by  Swift,  to  whom  she  was 
privately  married  in  1706.  Hester  is  first 
perverted  into  the  Greek  aster,  and 
"  aster "  in  Latin,  like  stella,  means 
"a  star."  Stella  lived  with  Mrs.  Dingley 
on  Ormond  Quay,  Dublin. 

Poor  Stella  must  pack  off  to  town  •  .  • 
To  Liffy's  stinking  tide  at  Dublin  .  .  . 
To  lie  directed  there  hy  Dingley  .  .  . 
And  now  arrives  the  dismal  day, 
She  must  return  to  Ormond  Quay. 

Swift,  To  Stella  at  Wood  Park  (172:)). 

Steno  (Michel),  one  of  the  chiefs  of 
the  tribunal  of  Forty.  Steno  acts 
indecorously  to  some  of  the  ladies  as- 
sembled at  a  civic  banquet  given  by  the 
doge  of  Venice,  and  is  turned  out  of 
the  house.  In  revenge,  he  fastens  on  the 
doge's  chair  some  scurrilous  lines  against 
the  young  dogaressa,  whose  extreme 
modesty  and  innocence  ought  to  have 
protected  her  from  such  insolence.  The 
doge  refers  the  matter  to  "  the  Forty,"  who 
sentence  Steno  to  two  months'  imprison- 
ment. This  punishment,  in  the  opinion 
of  the  doge,  is  wholly  inadequate  to  the 
offence,  and  Marino  Faliero  joins  a  con- 
spiracy to  abolish  the  council  altogether. 
— Byron,  Marino  Faliero,  the  Doge  of 
Venice  (1819). 

Stentor,  a  Grecian  herald  in  tho 
Trojan  war.  Homer  says  he  was  "  great- 
hearted, brazen-voiced,  and  could  shout 
as  loud  as  fifty  men." 

He  began  to  roar  for  help  with  the  lungs  of  a  Stentor. — 
Smollett. 

Steph'ano,  earl  of  Carnuti,  the 
leader  of  400  men  in  the  allied  Christian 
army.  He  was  noted  for  his  military 
prowess  and  wise  counsel. — Tasso,  Jertt- 
salem  Delivered,  i.  (1575). 

Steph'ano,  a  drunken  butler. — Shake- 
speare, The  Tempest  (1G09). 


STEIMIANO. 


945 


STEYNE. 


Steph'ano,  .servant  to  Portia. — Shake- 
speare, Merchant  of  Venice  (lo98). 

Stephen,  one  of  the  attendants  of 
ft  Reginald  Front  tie  Beeuf  (a  follower 
of  prince  .John). — Sir  \V.  Scott,  Ivaniioe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Stephen  (Count),  nephew  of  the  count 
of  Crevecoeur. — Sir  w.  Scott,  Qtuntin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Stephen  (Master),  a  conceited  puppy, 
who  thinks  all  inferiors  are  to  be  snubbed 
and  bullied,  and  all  those  weaker  and 
more  cowardly  than  himself  are  to  be 
kicked  and  beaten.  He  is  especially 
struck  with  captain  Bobadil,  and  tries 
to  imitate  his  "dainty  oaths."  Master 
Stephen  has  no  notion  of  honesty  and 
high-niindedness :  thus  he  steals  Down- 
right's  cloak,  which  had  been  accidentally 
dropped,  declares  he  bought  it,  and  then 
that  he  found  it.  Being  convicted  of 
falsehood,  he  resigns  all  claim  to  it, 
saying  in  a  huff,  "There,  take  your  cloak  ; 
I'll  none  on't."  This  small-minded  youth 
is  young  Kno'well's  cousin. — BenJonson, 
Every  Alan  in  J  Its  Humour  (IMS). 

Stephen  (The  British  St.),  St.  Allan, 
the  British  proto-martyr  (died  303). 

As  soon  .as  tli.>  i  xrruththiT  gaVfl  the  fatal  stroke  {which 
behtadtd  St.  .<  Ibanl  his  ayoa  dropped  "Ut  of  hU  bead. — 
Beile,  BtcUilnwtital  lli$tory  (a.d.  TM). 

Stephen  Steelheart,  the  nickname 
of  Stephen  Wetheral.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivan/toe  (time,  Bichard  I.). 

Stephen  of  Amboise,  leader  of 
5(100  foot  soldiers  from  Blois  and  Tours 
in  the  allied  Christian  army  of  Godfrey 
of  Bouillon.  Impetuous  in  attack,  but 
deficient  in  steady  resistance.  He  was 
shot  by  Clorinda  with  an  arrow  (bk.  xi.). 
— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delia  red  (lo75). 

Sterling  (-I/'-.),  a  vulgar,  rich  City 
merchant,     who    Wishes    to     see    his    two 

daughters  married  to  titles.  Lord  Ogleby 
calls  liim  "  a  very  abat  ract  of  '<  lhange  ;  " 

and  he  himself  says,  "  What  signifies 
birth,  education,  titles,  and  so  forth? 
Money,  1  say — money's  the  Stuff  that 
makes  a  man  great  in  this  country." 

Miss  Sterling)  whose  Christian  name  is 
Elizabeth  or  Betty  ;  a  spiteful,  jealous, 
purse-proud  damsel,  engaged  to  sir  John 
Melvil.    Sir  John,  seeing  small  prospect 

of  happiness  with  such  B  tartar,  proposed 
marriage  to  the  younger  sister  ;  and  Miss 
Sterling,  being  left  out,   in  t ho  cold,  ex- 
claimed, "  Oh  that  some  other  pei 
«>arl  or  duke  for  instance,  would  propose 


to  me,  that  I  might  be  revenged  on  the 
era!" 
Fanny  Sterling,  an  amiable,  sweet- 
smiliug,  SOft-speaking  beauty,  clandes- 
tinely married  to  Lovewell.— Colman  and 
Garrick,  The  Clandestine  Marriage  |  1766). 

A  tstrnmie  blunder  was  once  made  by  Mrs.  Gihba  of 
Covent  Garden  in   the  part  of  Winn 

■peaking  of  the  conduct  of  Hetty,  who  bad  ktckad  tha 
u»  r  of  Mi  ■  Van  »itli  tur. 

key,  Mrs.  Gibbs  cicl.ain..  key.  and 

curried  sway  the  docf  In  her  pocket." — W.  C.  i'.u»ell, 
JUpreienttttiv*  Acturt. 

Sterry,  a  fanatical  preacher,  admired 
by  Hugh  Peters.— S.  Butler,  Hudibras. 
(1GGS-78). 

Stevens,  a  messenger  of  the  earl  of 
Sussex  at  Say's  Court. — Sii  \V.  Scott, 
Keniltoorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Stewart   (Colonel),  governor   of   the 
castle  of  Dounc. — Sir  W.Scott,  Wa 
(time,  George  II.). 

Stewart  (Prince  Charles  Edward),  sur- 
named  "The  Chevalier "  by  bis  friends, 
and  "The  Tretcuder "  by  his  foes.  Sir 
AV.    Scott    introduces    him    in     U  i 

and  again  in  Bedgauntlet,  where  be  ap- 
pears  disguised  as    "father   Buonaven- 

tura."     (Now  generally  spelt  Stuart.) 

Stewart  (Walking),  John  Stew-art,  the 
English  traveller,  who  travelled  on  foot 

through  Hindustan,  1'crsia,  Nubia,  Ab\-- 
sinia,  the  Arabian  Desert,  Europe,  and 
the  United  States  (died  1822). 

A  most  interesting  nian,  .  .  .  eloquent  In  conversation, 
contemplative  .  .  .  and  crazy  bntM  d  all  real  b 
bore.  .  .  .    yet  sublime  an. I    divinely    benignant    in    bfal 

vi  irtneas.     Thli  man.  ai  a  p**1   Man  traveller,  had 

van  mora  of  the  BMth*l  surf.we  .  .  .  than  any  uian 
baton  or  since.— Da  yiiinccy. 

*#*  Walking  Stewart  must  not  be 
confounded  with  John  M'Douall  Stuart, 

the  Australian  explorer  (1818    181 

Stewart  Diamond  (The),  found  in 
[872,  is  the  largest  South  African  dia- 
mond discovered  up  to  the  year  1880. 
It  weighed  in  the  rough  state  288j  carats, 
and  but  few  diamonds  in  the  world  ex- 
ceed it  in  size.     It  is  of  a  light  yellow 

hue,  and  is  set  as  a  star  with  eight  points 
and    a  jLur    </<■    lys  above.      This  superb 

stone,  with  the  Dudley  and  Twin  dia- 
moi  da.  have  all  been  discovered  in  the- 

Cape  since   i 

Steyne   (Marquis  of),  earl  of  Gaunt 

and  01  Gaunt  Castle,  a  viscount,  baton 
knight  of  the  Carter  and  of  numerous 
other     orders,     colonel,     trustee     of     the 

British  Museum,  elder  brother  of  the 
Trinity  House,  governor  of  White  Friars, 
etc.,   had   honours    and    titles   enough  to 

3   F 


STICK.  TO  IT,  SAYS  BAIGENT.      946 


STOCK  PIECES. 


make  him  a  great  man  ;  but  his  life  was 
not  a  highly  moral  one,  and  his  conduct 
with  Becky  Sharp,  when  she  was  the 
wife  of  colonel  Kawdon  Crawley,  gave 
-ise  to  a  great  scandal.  His  lordship 
floated  through  the  ill  report,  but  Mrs. 
Kawdon  was  obliged  to  live  abroad. — W. 
M.  Thackeray,  Vanity  Fair  (1848). 

Stick  to  it,  says  Baigent. 
Baigent  was  the  principal  witness  of  the 
Claimant  in  the  great  Tichborne  trial, 
and  his  advice  to  his  prote'ye'  was,  "  Stick 
to  it"  (1872). 

Stiggins,  a  hypocritical,  drunken, 
methodist  "shepherd"  (minister),  thought 
by  Mrs.  Weller  to  he  a  saint.  His  time 
was  spent  for  the  most  part  in  drinking 
pine-apple  rum  at  the  Marquis  of  Granhy 
tavern. — C.  Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers 
(1836). 

Still  (Cornelius  the),  Cornelius  Tacitus. 
(Latin,  tacltus,  "still.") 

Cornelius  the  Stylle,  In   his  flrste  book  of  his  yerely 
exploictes,  called  in  Latine  A  nnalet. — t'ardU:  of  t'acuna, 
iii.  3  U^I- 
Still  Waters  Run  Deep,  adapted 
from  the  French  novel,  Le  Geiulre. 

Stimulants  used  by  Public 
Characters. 

BONAPABTB,  snufT. 
Buaham,  bottled  norter. 
Bull     (Rev.    William),    the    noncon- 
formist, was  an  inveterate  smoker. 
BYRON,  gin-and-water. 
Catley   (Miss),  linseed  tea  and   ma- 
deira. 

Cooke  (G.  F.),  everything  drinkable. 
DlSBABXJ    (lord  Beaconslield),   cham- 
pagne jelly. 

Emkby,  cold  brandy-and-wator. 
Euskine  (Lord),  opium  in  large  doses. 
Gladstoxb  (  W.  L.),  an  egg  beaten  up 
n  sherry. 
IIkvderson,  glim  arabic  and  sherry. 
Hobbbs,  only  cold  water. 
Inclkdon,  madeira. 
Jordan  (Mrs.),  calves'-foot  jelly  dis- 
solved in  warm  sherry. 

Kkan  (Edmund),  heef-tea,  cold  brandy. 
Kkmhle  (John),  opium. 
Lewis,  mulled  wine  and  oysters. 
Nkwton  smoked  incessantly. 
OxBBBBY,  strong  tea. 
Popb,  Btrong  coffee. 
Schiller  required  to  sit  over  a  table 
deeply   impregnated    with   the   smell    of 
apples,     lie    stimulated   his   brain   with 
coffee  ami  champagne. 
SiDDOHS  (Mrs.),  porter,  not  "stout." 


Smith  ( William)  drank  strong  coffee. 

WbdpbbbURHB  (the  first  lord  Ashbur- 
ton)  used  to  place  a  blister  on  his  chest 
when  he  had  to  make  a  great  speech. — 
Dr.  Paris,  Pharmacologia  (1819b 

Wood  (Mrs.)  drank  draught  porter. 

Stinkomalee.  So  Theodore  Hook 
called  the  London  University.  The  word 
was  suggested  by  "  Trincomalee "  (in 
Ceylon),  a  name  before  the  public  at  the 
time.  Hook  hated  the  "University," 
because  it  admitted  students  of  all  de- 
nominations. 

Only  look  at  Stinkomalee  and  King's  College.  Activity, 
union.  cr;ift.  Indomitable  iiersevcrance  on  the  one  side; 
indolence,   Indedikn^  Internal   distrust   ami  leelonitiMi 

calf-like   sini|.lirity,   and    cowardice  intolerable  on    the 
other. — Wilson,  Soctet  Aml/rutianm  (182:!-3<>). 

Stitch  (Tom),  a  young  tailor,  a  great 
favourite  with  the  ladies. —  The  Merry 
History  of  Tom  Stitch  (seventeenth  cen- 
tury). 

Stock  Exchange  "Nicknames." 

Bkkwicks,  North-Eastern  railway 
shares. 

Brums,  London  and  North-Westcrn 
railway  shares  (the  Birmingham  line). 

CoHBNB,  the  Turkish  '69  loan.  Floated 
by  the  firm  of  that  name. 

1  h  m  ,s,  Newfoundland  telegraph  shares. 
(Newfoundland  dogs.) 

Dovbrs,  Smith- Eastern  railway  shares. 
(The  line  runs  to  Dover.) 

Floatbrs,  exchequer  bills  and  other 
unfunded  stock. 

FOURTBBB  HUNDRED,  a  stranger  who 
lias  intruded  into  the  Stock  Exchange. 
This  term  was  used  in  Defoe's  time. 

Lame  Dick  (A),  a  member  of  the 
Stock  Exchange  who  fails  in  his  obli- 
gations. 

Lbbds,  Lancashire  and  Yorkshire  rail- 
way shares. 

Morgans,  the  French  6  per  cent*. 
Floated  by  that  firm. 

Muttons,  the  Turkish  '65  loan.  (Partly 
secured  by  the  sheep  tax.) 

Pots,  North  Staffordshire  railway 
shares.     (The  potteries.) 

SlNOAPOBBS  (3  syl.),  British  Indian 
Extension  telegraph  shares. 

Sm  klts,  English  and  Australian  copper 
■hares. 

Stag,  one  who  applies  for  an   allot- 
ment of  shares,  and  cuts  off  if  they  do  . 
not  rise  in  price  before  they  are  awarded.  ' 

YORXS,  the  Great  Northern  railway 
shares. 

Stock  Pieces,  used  in  university 
and  law  examinations.     (See  Tn-s.) 


STOCKS'  MARKET. 


947 


STONEWALL  JACKSON. 


Stocks'  Market.  So  called  from  a 
pair  of  stocks  which  at  one  time  stood 
there.  Gardeners  used  to  occupy  all  but 
the  north  and  south-west  part.  The 
flower  called  the  "stock"  received  its 
name  from  being  sold  there.  The  market 
was  removed  to  Farringdon  Street  in 
1737,  and  was  then  called  "  Fleet  Mar- 
ket." 

Where  Is  there  such  it  garden  in  Europe  as  the  Stocks' 
Market?  Where  such  a  river  as  the  Thames?  Where 
luch  ponds  and  decoys  as  In  Leadenhall  Market  for  jour 
fixh  and  fowl  ?— Shadwell,  Bury  Fair  (168a). 

Stockwell  {Mr.),  a  City  merchant, 
who  promised  to  give  his  daughter  Nancy 
in  marriage  to  the  son  of  sir  Harry  Har- 
'owe  of  Dorsetshire. 

Mrs.  Stockwell,  the  merchant's  wife, 
who  always  veers  round  to  the  last 
speaker,  and  can  be  persuaded  to  any- 
thing for  the  time  being. 

Nancy  Stockwell,  daughter  of  the  mer- 
chant, in  love  with  Belford,  but  promised 
in  marriage  to  sir  Harry  Harlowe's  son. 
It  so  happens  that  sir  Harry's  son  has 
privately  married  another  lady,  and  Nancy 
falls  to  the  man  of  her  choice. — Garrick, 
Neck  or  Nothing  (1766). 

Stolen  Kisses,  a  drama  by  Paul 
Meritt,  in  three  acts  (1877).  Felix  Free- 
mantle,  under  the  pseudonym  of  Mr.  Joy, 
falls  in  love  with  Cherry,  daughter  of 
Tom  Spirit  once  valet  to  Mr.  Freemantle 
(who  had  come  to  the  title  of  viscount 
Trangmar).  When  Tom  Spirit  ascer- 
tained that  "  Felix  Joy  "  was  the  son  of 
the  viscount,  he  forbade  all  further  in- 
tercourse, unless  Felix  produced  his 
lather's  consent  to  the  marriage.  The 
next  part  of  the  plot  pertains  to  the 
brother  of  Tom  Spirit,  who  had  assumed 
the  name  of  Walter  Temple,  and,  as  a 
stock-broker,  had  become  very  wealthy. 
In  his  prosperity,  Walter  scornfully 
ignored  his  brother  Tom,  and  his  ambi- 
tion was  to  marry  his  daughter  Jenny  to 
the  son  of  viscount  Trangmar,  who  owed 
him  money.  Thus  the  two  cousins, 
Cherry  and  Jenny,  came  into  collision  ; 
but  at  the  end  Jenny  married  Fred  Gay, 
a  medical  student,  Cherry  married  Felix, 
the  two  brothers  were  reconciled,  and 
Tom  released  his  old  master,  viscount 
Trangmar,  by  destroying  the  bond  which 
Walter  held  and  gave  him. 

Stone  of  lioda,  a  place  of  worship 
amongst  the  aucient  Gaels.  —  Ossian, 
'leinori,  v. 

Stonehenge.  Aurelius  Ambrosiua 
asked  Merlin   what   memento   he   could 


raise  to  commemorate  his  victory  owr 
Vortigern  ;  and  Merlin  advised  him  to 
remove  "  The  Giant's  Dance  "  from 
mor.nt  Killaraus,  in  Ireland,  to  Salisbury 
Plain.  So  Aurelius  placed  a  fleet  and 
15,000  men  under  the  charge  of  Other  the 
pendragon  and  Merlin  for  the  purpose. 
Gilloman  king  of  Ireland,  who  opposed 
the  invaders,  was  routed,  and  then  Merlin, 
"  by  his  art,"  shipped  the  stones,  and  sec 
them  up  on  the  plain  "in  the  same 
manner  as  they  stood  on  Killaraus." — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  viii.  10-12 
(1142). 

How  Merlin,  by  his  skill  and  magic's  wondrous  might. 

Front  Ireland  hither  brought  the  Sonendge  In  a  night 

Drayton,  Pciyolbion,  iv.  (1612}. 

Stonehenge,  once  thought  a  temple,  you  have  found 
A  throne,  wuero  kiu£s,  our  earthly  gods,  were  crowned, 
Dryden,  EpUtlet,  ii. 

Stonchcnye  a  Trophy.  It  is  said,  in 
the  Welsh  triads,  that  this  circle  of 
stones  was  erected  by  the  Britons  to 
commemorate  the  "treachery  of  the  Long- 
Knives,"  i.e.  a  conference  to  which  the 
chief  of  the  British  warriors  were  invited 
by  Hengist  at  Ambresbury.  Beside  each 
chief  a  Saxon  was  seated,  armed  with  a 
long  knife,  and  at  a  given  signal  each 
Saxon  slew  his  Briton.  As  many  as  460 
British  nobles  thus  fell,  but  Eidiol  earl 
of  Gloucester,  after  slaying  seventy 
Saxons  (some  say  660),  made  his  escape. 
—  Welsh  Triads. 

Stonehenge  was  erected  by  Merlin,  at  the  command  of 
Ambrosiua,  in  memory  of  the  plot  of  the  "  Long-Knives," 
when  3(W  British  chiefs  were  treacherously  massacred  hy 
Vortigern.  He  built  it  on  the  site  of  a  former  circle.  It 
deviates  hum  older  bardic  circles,  as  may  be  seen  by 
comparing  it  with  Avebury,  Stanton-Drew,  Keswick,  etc. 
It  is  called  "The  Work  of  Ambrosius."— Cambrian 
biography,  art.  "  Merddin." 

%*  Mont  Dieu,  a  solitary  mound 
close  to  Dumfermline,  owes  its  origin, 
according  to  story,  to  some  unfortunate 
monks,  who,  by  way  of  penance,  carried 
the  sand  in  baskets  from  the  sea-shore  at 
Inverness. 

At  Linton  is  a  fine  conical  hill  attri- 
buted to  two  sisters  (nuns),  who  were 
compelled  to  pass  the  whole  of  the  Band 
through  a  sieve,  by  way  of  penance,  to 
obtain  pardon  for  some  crime  committed 
by  their  brother. 

The  (Jog  Magog  Hills,  near  Cambridge, 
are  ascribed  to  his  Satanic  majesty. 

Stonewall  Jackson,  Thomas  Jona- 
than Jackson,  general  in  the  southern 
army  in  the  great  civil  war  of  the  North 
American  States.  General  Bee  suggested 
the  name  in  the  battle  id'  Bull  Run  (1861). 
"There  is  Jackson,"  said  he  to  his  men, 
"standing  like  a  stone  wall"  (1824- 
1863). 


STORE  MAKES.  NO  SORE. 


948 


STRANGER. 


Store  makes  no   Sore.— G.  Gas- 

eoigne,  Satis  Sufficit  (died  1577). 

Storm  (T/ie  Greed)  occurred  Novem- 
ber 26-7,  1703.  This  storm  supplied 
Addison  with  his  celebrated  simile  of 
the  angel : 

So  when  an  angel  by  divine  command. 
With  rising  tempests  shakes  a  guilty  Und. 
Such  as  of  late  o'er  pate  Britannia  past, 
Calm  and  serene  lie  drives  the  furious  Mast ; 
And.  pleased  th'  Almighty's  orders  to  perform. 
Hides  ou  the  tempest  and  directs  the  storm. 

The  Campaign  (1704). 

.,  Storm-and-Strain  Period.  The 
last  quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century  was 
called  in  Germany  the  Sturm-tuul-I'ran./ 
Zeit,  because  every  one  seemed  in  a  fever 
t<>  shake  oil'  the  shackles  of  government, 
custom,  prestige,  and  religion.  The  poets 
raved  in  volcanic  rant  or  moonshine 
sentimentality ;  marriage  was  disre- 
garded ;  law,  both  civil  and  divine,  was 
pooh-poohed.  Goethe's  Man  with  the 
Iron  Hand  and  Sorrows  of  Wcrthrr,  Schil- 
ler's HoblxTs,  Klinger's  tragedies,  Les- 
sing's  criticisms,  the  mania  for  Shake- 
speare and  Ossian  revolutionixed  the 
literature  ;  and  the  cry  went  forth  for 
untrammelled  freedom,  which  was  nick- 
named "  Nature."  As  well  go  unclad, 
and  call  it  nature. 

Storms  (Cape  of).  The  Cape  of  (iood 
Hope  was  calkd  by  Bartholomew  Diaz 
Cabv  Tormentoso  in  I486  ;  but  king  John 
II.  of  Portugal  gave  it  its  present  more 
auspicious  name. 

Stornello  Verses,  verses  in  which 
a  word  or  phrase  is  harped  upon,  and 
turned  about  and  about,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing example : — 

Vive  la  France  !  wave  our  banner,  the  red,  white,  and 

blue  ; 
The  Bag  of  the  loyal,  the  royal,  and  true. 
Blue  and  red  for  our  city  we  wave,  and  the  white 
For  our  sovereign  tba  people,  whose  rule  u  their  right. 
Bora]  white,  loyal  blue,  ami  turret  not  the  red. 
To  show  for  our  freedom  we'll  bleed  and  liavo  bled. 

E.  C.  B. 

S.T.P.,  the  same  as  D.D.,  "divinity 
doctor."  The  initials  of  Sancta  T/uvtoyia 
professor. 

Stradiva'rius  (Antonhu),  born  at 
Cremo'na,  in  Italy  (1670-1728)1  He  was 
a  pupil  of  Andreus  Amati.  The,  Amati 
family,  with  Stradivariue  and  his  pupil 
'  (.uanu  rius  (all  of  Cremona),  were  the 
most  noted  violin-makers  that  ever  lived, 
insomuch  that  the  word  "Cremona"  is 
synonymous  for  a  first-rate  violin. 

The  instrument  on  whirh  he  played 
Was  in  I  r.  India's  workshops  made  .  .  . 
Tlie  maker  from  whose  liaiuls  it  c.une 
Had  written  his  unrivalled  name — 

"Antonlui  Btradlvarlui  ' 
Longfellow,  The  WaytUle  Inn  (prelude,  1863). 


Strafford,  an  historical  tragedy  by 
R.  Browning  (183G).  This  drama  con- 
tains portraits  of  Charles  I.,  the  earl  of 
Stratford,  Hampden,  John  Pym,  sir 
Harry  Vane,  etc.,  both  truthful  and 
graphic.  Of  course,  the  subject  of  the 
drama  is  the  attainder  and  execution  of 
Wentworth  earl  of  Strafford. 

Straitlace  (Paine  Philippa),  the 
maiden  aunt  of  l'dushington.  She  is 
very  much  surprised  to  Bad  her  nephew 
entertaining  dinner  company,  and  still 
more  so  that  he  is  about  to  take  a  young 
wife  to  keep  house  for  him  instead  of 
herself.— W.  T.  Moncrieff,  The  Bashful 
Man. 

Stral'enheim  (Count  of),  a  kinsman 
of  Werner,  who  hunted  him  from  place 
to  place,  with  a  view  of  cutting  him  off, 
because  he  stood  between  him  and  the 
inheritance  of  Siegendorf.  This  mean, 
plausible,  overreaching  nobleman  was  by 
accident  lodged  under  the  same  roof  with 
Werner  while  on  his  way  to  Siegendorf. 
Here  Werner  robbed  him  of  a  rouleau  of 
gold,  and  next  night  Ulrie  (Werner's 
son)  murdered  him. 

J, i,i  Stnittn/icim,  daughter  of  count 
Strait  nheim,  betrothed  to  llric,  whom 
she  dearly  loved  ;  but  being  told  by 
Ulrie   that   he    was    the   assassin   of    her 

lather,  she  fell  Knseleaa,  and  llric  de- 
parted, never  to  return. — Byron,  H»/«r 
(1822). 

The  accent  of  this  name  is  given  by 
llyron  sometimes  on  the  tirst  and  some- 
times on  the  second  syllable  : 

Stralen'heim,  altho'  noble.  Is  unheeded. 

Act  iiL  4. 
The  daughter  of  dead  Stral'cnheini,  your  foe. 

Act  It.  L 

Stranger  ( The),  the  count  Waldbourg. 
He  married  Adelaide  at  the  age  of  16;  she 
had  two  children  by  him,  and  then  elopt  d. 
The  count,  deserted  by  his  young  wife, 
lived  a  roving  life,  known  only  as  "  The 
Stranger;"  and  his  wife,  repenting  of 
her  folly,  under  the  assumed  name  i  f 
Mrs.  HalUr,  entered  the  service  of  the 
countess  Wintersen,  whose  affection  she 
secured.  In  three  years'  time,  "the  stran- 
ger" came  by  accident  into  the  same 
neighbourhood,  and  a  reconciliation  took 
place. 

His  servant  Francis  says  he  Is  "a  good  master,  though 
one  almost  loses  the  use  of  speech  by  living  v>nh  Dim  A 
man  kind  and  dear,  though  1  cannot  understand  him. 
I  world,  and  jet  nolt-gnar  leave* 
Bed.  1  hare  now  lived  three  years  with 
I. mi.  and  jet  1  kiu.w  not  who  he  Is.  A  hater  of  society. 
no  doubt ;  .  .  .  I  M'jf /» I  misanthropy  in  the  bead,  not  in  the 
heart."— Benjamin  Thompson.  !>•<■  araaev,  i.  l  (17"7). 

This  drama  is  altered  from  Kotzebne, 


STRANGFORD. 


949       STRONG  MEN  AND  WOMEN. 


Mrs.  R.  Trench  says  of  John  P.  Kemble 
(17.07-1823)  : 

I  alwavs  saw  turn  with  pain  descend  to  "Tlie  Stranger." 
It  wajlike  t*e  pimius  in  the  Arabian  tale  going  into  the 
•u<ew  First;  it  seeVied  so  unlikely  he  should  meet  with 
such  an  affront,  aira  this  injured  the  probability  of  the 
piece;  and  next,  "The  Stranger"  is  really  never  dignified, 
■  ml  one  is  always  in  pain  for  him,  poor  gentleman  I— 
Remain*  (1822). 

Strangford  {Percy  Clinton  Sydney 
Smythe,  viscount),  in  1803,  published  a 
translation  of  the  poems  of  Camoens, 
the  great  Portuguese  poet. 

Hibernian  Strangford  .  .  . 
Thinkst  thou  to  gain  thy  verse  a  higher  plac» 
By  dressing  Camoens  in  a  suit  of  lace?  .  .  . 
Cease  to  deceive  ;  thy  uilfered  harp  restore, 
Nor  teach  the  Lusian  bard  to  copy  Moore, 
'lyroii,  English  liar, la  and  Scotch  Reviewers  (1809). 

Strap  {Flugh),  a  simple,  generous, 
and  disinterested  adherent  of  Roderick 
Random.  His  generosity  and  fidelity, 
however,  meet  with  but  a  base  return 
from  the  heartless  libertine. — T.  Smollett, 
Roderick  Random  (1748). 

We  believe  there  are  few  readers  who  are  not  disgusted 
with  the  miserable  reward  assigned  to  Strap  in  the  closing 
chapter  of  the  novel.  Five  hundred  pounds  (scarce  the 
value  of  the  goods  he  had  presented  to  his  master)  and 
the  hand  of  a  reclaimed  street-walker,  even  when  added 
to  a  Highland  farm,  seem  but  a  poor  recompense  for  his 
faithful  and  disinterested  attachment.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Strasbourg  Cathedral,  designed 
by  Erwin  von  Steinbach  (1015-1439). 

Stratichan  (Old),  the  'squire  of  sir 
Kenneth.— Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  Talisman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Straw.  A  little  straw  shows  which 
way  the  wind  blows. 

Vou  know,  or  don't  know,  that  great  Bacon  saith, 
Fling  up  a  straw,  'twill  show  the  way  the  wind  blows. 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiv.  8  (1824). 

Strawberry  Leaves  (To  win  the), 
to  be  created  a  duke. 

Strawberry  Preacher  (A),  a 
♦'Jerusalem  pony,"  a  temporary  help, 
who  wanders  from  pulpit  to  pulpit,  to 
preach  for  some  society,  to  aid  some 
absent  or  invalided  minister,  or  to  advo- 
cate some  charity.  The  term  was  first 
used  by  Latimer,  and  the  phrase  means 
a  "straying  preacher."  (Anglo-Saxon, 
streowan,  "to  stray  ;"  hence,  strawberry, 
streow-berie,  "the  straying  berry-plant.") 

Streets  of  London  (The),  a  drama 
Oy  Dion  Boucicault  (1862),  adapted  from 
the  French  play  Les  Tauvres  des  Paris. 

Stre'mon,  a  soldier,  famous  for  his 
singing. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  'The 
Mad  Lover  (1G17). 

Strephon,  the  shepherd  in  sir  Philip 
Sidney's  Arcadia,  who  makes  love  to  the 
beautiful  Urania  (1580).     It  is  a  stock 


name  for  a  lover,  Cloe  being  usually  the 
corresponding  lady. 

Captain  O'Flarty  was  one  of  my  dying  Strephons  at 
Scarborough.  1  h.nve  a  very  grate  regard  fur  him,  and 
must  make  him  a  little  miserable  with  my  happiness  — 
Garrick,  The  Irish  Widow,  i.  3  (175;). 

The  servant  of  your  Strephon  ...  is  my  lord  and 
master.— Garrick,  Mist  in  Her  Teens  (1753). 

Stretton  (Hesba),  the  pseudonym  of 
Miss  Smith,  daughter  of  a  bookseller  and 
printer  in  Wellington,  Salop,  authoress 
of  several  well-known  religious  novels. 

Strickal throw  (Merciful),  in  Crom- 
well's troop. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock 
(time,  Commonwealth). 

Strictland  (Mr.),  the  "  suspicious 
husband ; "  who  suspects  Clarinda,  a 
young  lady  visitor,  of  corrupting  his 
wife ;  suspects  Jacintha,  his  ward,  of 
lightness  ;  and  suspects  his  wife  of  in- 
fidelity ;  but  all  his  suspicions  being 
proved  groundless,  he  promises  reform. 

Mrs.  Strictland,  wife  of  Mr.  Strictland, 
a  model  of  discretion  and  good  nature. 
She  not  only  gives  no  cause  of  jealousy 
to  her  husband,  but  never  even  resents  his 
suspicions  or  returns  ill  temper  in  the 
same  coin. — Dr.  Iloadly,  The  Suspicious 
Husband  (1747). 

Strike  Dakyns !  the  Devil's  in 
the  Hempe,  the  motto  of  the  Dakynses. 
The  reference  is  to  an  enemy  of  the  king, 
who  had  taken  refuge  in  a  pile  of  hemp. 
Dakyns,  having  nosed  the  traitor,  was 
exhorted  to  strike  him  with  his  battle- 
axe  and  kill  him,  which  he  did.  Hence 
the  crest  of  the  family — a  dexter  arm 
.  .  .  holding  a  battle-axe. 

Striking  the  Shield,  a  call  to 
battle  among  the  ancient  Gaels. 

"Strike  the  sounding  shield  of  Bemol  ItbangsntTurai 
rustling  gate.  The  sound  of  peace  is  not  its  voice.  My 
heroes  shall  hear  and  obey."  He  went  Ho  struck  Hie 
bossy  shield.  The  hills,  the  rocks  reply.  The  sound 
sprc:uls  along  the  wood.  Deer  start  by  the  lake  of  roes. 
.  .  .  *"  It  is  the  shield  of  war,"  said  Konnar. — Ossian, 
Fingal,  i. 

Strom'boli,  called  "The  Great  Light- 
house of  the  Mediterranean  "  from  its 
volcano,  which  is  in  a  constant  blaze. 

Strong  (Dr.),  a  benevolent  old  school- 
master,  to  whom  David  Copperfield  was 
sent  whilst  living  with  Mr.  Wickfield. 
The  old  doctor  doted  on  his  young  wife 
Annie,  and  supported  her  scapegrace 
cousin  Jack  Maldon. — C.  Dickens,  David 
Copperfield  (1849). 

Strong  Men  and  Women. 

Antteos,  Atlas,  Dorsanes  the  Indian 
Hercules,  Guy  carl  of  Warwick,  Hercules, 
Maceris  son  of  Anion,  Rustam  the  Persian 


STRONGBACK. 


950 


STUART  ILL-FATED. 


Hercules,  Samson,  Starchaterus  the 
Swede  (first  Christian  century). 

Brown  (Miss  I'hcebe),  about  five  feet 
six  inches  in  height,  well  proportioned, 
r  >und-faced,  and  ruddy.  She  could  carry 
fourteen  score,  and  could  lift  a  hundred- 
weight with  each  hand  at  the  same  time. 
Shi  was  fond  of  poetry  and  music,  and 
her  chief  food  was  milk. — W.  Hutton. 

Mn.o  of  Crotona  could  carry  on  his 
fihoulders  a  four-year-old  bullock,  and 
kill  it  with  a  single  blow  of  his  fist.  On 
one  occasion,  the  pillar  which  supported 
the  roof  of  a  house  gave  way,  and  Milo 
hebl  up  the  whole  weight  of  the  building 
with  his  hands. 

Polyd'amas,  the  athlete.  He  killed  a 
lion  with  a  blow  of  his  fist,  and  could 
stop  a  chariot  in  full  career  with  one 
hand. 

Topham  (Thomas)  of  London  (1710— 
1749).  He  could  lift  three  hogsheads  or 
1830  lbs.  ;  could  heave  a  horse  over  a 
turnpike  gate  ;  and  could  lift  two  hun- 
dredweight with  his  little  finger. 

Strongback,  one  of  the  seven  at- 
tendants of  Fortunio.  He  could  never 
be  overweighted,  and  could  fell  a  forest  in 
a  few  hours  without  fatigue. — Comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  Fairy  laics  ("  Fortunio," 
1682). 

The  brothers  Grimm  have  introduced 
the  tale  of  "  Fortunio"  in  their  Goblins. 

Strongbow,  Gilbert  de  Clare,  who 
succeeded  to  the  title  of  his  brother,  the 
earl  of  Hertford,  in  L138,  and  was  created 
earl  of  Pembroke  (died  1149). 

Henry  II.  called  him  a  "false"  or 
"  pseudo-earl." 

Strongbow  (Richard  of  Strigal)  was 
Richard  de  Clare  earl  of  Pembroke,  son 
of  Gilbert  de  Clare.  He  succeeded  Der- 
motkingof  Leinster,  his  father-in-law,  in 
1170,  and  died  1176. 

The  earl  of  Strigale  then,  our  Strongbow,  first  that  won 
Wild  Irulaud  with  the  swonl. 

Drajtuu,  PolyolUon,  xviii.  (1613). 

Struldbrugs,  the  inhabitants  of 
Luggnagg,  who  never  die. 

He  had  reached  that  period  of  life  .  .  .  which  .  .  . 
entitles  a  man  to  admission  into  the  nncicnt  order  of 
Struldbrugs.— Swift,  Gulliver's  Travels  ("  Laputa,"  1726). 

Strutt  (Lord),  the  king  of  Spain  ; 
originally  Charles  II.  (who  died  without 
issue),  but  also  applied  to  his  successor 
Philippe  due  d'Anson,  called  "Philip 
lord  Strutt." 

I  need  not  tell  you  of  the  great  quarrels  that  happened 
In  our  neighbourhood  since  the  death  of  the  late  lord 
Strutt  ;  how  the  panon  [r<ir<ihial  I'ortocarcro)  .  .  .  got 

him  to  settle  his  estate  upoi,  lii-  cousin  Philip  Bab i 

Jtfurbvni   to  the  un:it  disappointment  Ol   hia  cousin 


sqtihe    South    [Charles  of   Austria], —  Dr.    ArbuthnoC 
UUtory  of  John  Bull,  i.  (1712). 

Stryver  (Bully),  of  the  King's  Bench 
Bar,  counsel  for  the  defence  in  Danaay's 
trial.  *7W 

He  was  stout,  loud,  red,  bluff,  and  free  from  any  draw- 
back of  delicacy ;  had  a  pushing  way  of  shouldering 
himself  (morally  and  physiailly)  into  companies  and 
conversations,  that  arguod  well  for  his  shouldering  his  wa> 
on  in  life.— C.  Dickens,  A  Tale  of  Two  Cities,  u.  34 
(185!*). 

Stuart  IU-Fated  (The  House  of),  as 
that  of  OZdipos. 

James  I.  of  Scotland,  poet,  murdeffcd 
b}'  conspirators  at  Perth,  in  the  fortv- 
fourth  year  of  his  age  (1393,  1424-1437). 

Jambs  II.,  his  son,  killed  at  the  siege 
of  Roxburgh,  aged  30  (1430,  1437-1400). 

James  III.,  his  son,  was  stabbed  in  his 
flight  from  Bannockburn  by  a  pretended 
priest,  aged  36  (1452,  1460-1488). 

(His  brother,  the  earl  of  Mar,  was  im- 
prisoned in  1477,  and  died  in  durance, 
1480.) 

James  IV.,  his  son,  the  "Chivalrous 
Madman,"  was  defeated  and  slain  at 
l-'li.dden,  aged  41  (1472,  1488-1513). 

James  V.,  his  son,  was  defeated  at 
Solwav  Moss,  November  25,  and  died  of 
grief,  December  14,  aged  30  (1512,  1513- 
1542). 

Maky  queen  of  Scots,  daughter  of 
James  V.,  was  beheaded,  aged  44  years 
03  days  (1642,  1542-1587,  Old  Style). 

(Her  husband,  Henry  Stuart  lord 
Darnley,  was  murdered  (1541-1566). 
Hit  niece,  Arabella  Stuart,  died  insane 
in  the  Tower,  1575-1015.) 

Chaki.es  I.,  her  grandson,  was  be- 
headed,  aged  48  years  69  days  (1600, 
1625-1649). 

Charles  II.,  his  son,  was  in  exile 
from  1646  to  1661,  and  in  1665  occurred 
the  Great  Fire  of  London,  in  1666  the 
Great  Plague  ;  died  aged  54  years  253 
days  (1630,  1661-16S5). 

(His  favourite  child,  a  natural  son, 
defeated  at  Sedgemoor,  July  5,  was 
executed  as  a  traitor,  July  15,  aged  36, 
1649-1685). 

James  II.,  brother  of  Charles,  and  son 
of  Charles  I.,  was  obliged  to  abdicate  to 
save  his  life,  and  died  in  exile  (1633, 
reigned  1685-1688,  died  a  pensioner  of 
Louis  XIV.,  1701). 

James  Fhancis  Edward  "the  Luck- 
less," his  son,  called  the  "  Old  Pretender,'' 
was  a  mere  cipher.  His  son  Charles  came 
to  England  to  proclaim  him  king,  but 
was  defeated  at  Culloden,  leaving  300U 
dead  on  the  field  (1688-1765). 

(iiaki.es  EDWARD,  the  "Young  Pre- 
tender," was  son  of  the  "  Old  Pretender." 


STUART  OF  ITALY. 


951 


STUTLY. 


After  the  defeat  at  Culloden  he  fled  to 
France,  was  banished  from  that  kingdom, 
and  died  at  Kome  a  drunken  dotard 
(1720-1788). 

Henry  Benedict,  cardinal  York,  the 
last  of  the  race,  was  a  pensioner  of  George 
III. 

Stuart  of  Italy  (The  Mary),  Jane 
I.  of  Naples  (1327,  1343-1382). 

Jane  married  her  cousin  Andre-  of 
Hungary,  who  was  assassinated  two 
years  after  his  marriage,  when  the  widow 
married  the  assassin.  So  Mary  Stuart 
married  her  cousin  lord  Darnley,  1565, 
who  was  murdered  15(37,  and  the  widow 
married  Bothwell,  the  assassin. 

Jane  fled  to  Provence,  1347,  and  was 
strangled  in  1382.  So  Mary  Stuart  fled 
to  England  in  1568,  and  was  put  to  death 
1587  (Old  Style). 

Jane,  like  Mary,  was  remarkable  for 
her  great  beauty,  her  brilliant  court,  her 
voluptuousness,  and  the  men  of  genius 
she  drew  around  her ;  but  Jane,  like  Mary, 
was  also  noted  for  her  deplorable  ad- 
ministration. 

%*  La  Harpe  wrote  a  tragedy  called 
Jeanne  de  Naples  (17(35).  Schiller  has 
an  adaptation  of  it  (1821). 

Stuarts'  Fatal  Number  {The). 
This  number  is  88. 

James  III.  was  killed  in  flight  near 
Bannockburn,  1488. 

Mary  Stuart  was  beheaded  1588  (New 
Style). 

James  II.  of  England  was  dethroned 
1688. 

Charles  Edward  died  1788. 

%*  James  Stuart,  the  "  Old  Pre- 
tender," was  born  1688,  the  very  year 
that  his  father  abdicated. 

James  Stuart,  the  famous  architect, 
died  1788. 

(Some  affirm  that  Robert  II.,  the  first 
Stuart  king,  died  1388,  the  year  of  the 
great  battle  of  Otterburn  ;  but  the  death 
of  this  king  is  more  usually  fixed  in  the 
spring  of  1390.) 

Stubble  {Reuben),  bailiff  to  Farmer 
Cornflower,  rough  in  manner,  severe  in 
discipline,  a  stickler  for  duty,  "a  plain, 
upright,  and  downright  man,"  true  to  his 
master  and  to  himself. — C.  i'ibdiu,  The 
Fanner's  Wife  (1780). 

Stubbs,  the  beadle  at  Willingham. 
The  Rev.  Mr.  Staunton  was  the  rector. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

btubbs  {Miss  Sissly  or  Cecilia),  daugh- 


ter of  squire  Stubbs,  one  of  Waverley't 
neighbours.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Stuffy  {Matthcv),  an  applicant  to 
Velinspeck,  a  country  manager,  for  a 
situation  as  prompter,  for  which  he  says 
he  is  peculiarly  qualified  by  that  affec- 
tion of  the  eyes  vulgarly  called  a  squint, 
which  enables  him  to  keep  one  eye  on  the 
performers  and  the  other  on  the  book  at 
the  same  time. — Charles  Mathews,  At 
Home  (1818). 

StufTy  is  one  of  the  richest  bits  of  humour  we  erer 
witnessed.  His  endless  eulogies  upon  the  state  of  tilings 
in  the  immortal  Garriek'a  time  are  h«hlj  ludicrous.— 
Contemporary  Paper. 

Stuke'ly  (2  syl.),  a  detestable  man. 
"  'Twould  he  as  easy  to  make  him  honest 
as  brave"  (act  i.  2).  He  pretends  to  be  the 
friend  of  Beverley,  but  cheats  him.  lie 
aspires  to  the  hand  of  Miss  Beverley,  who 
is  in  love  with  Lewson. — Edward  Moore, 
The  Gamester  (1753). 

Stukely  { Will),  the  companion  of  Little 
John.  In  the  morris-dance  on  May- day, 
Little  John  used  to  occupy  the  right  hand 
side  of  Robin  Hood,  and  Will  Stukely  the 
left.     (See  Stuti.y.) 

Stukely  {Captain  Harry),  nephew  of  sir 
Gilbert  Pumpkin  of  Strawberry  Hall. — 
I.  Jackman,  All  the  World's  a  Stage. 

Stupid  Boy  {The),  St.  .  Thomas 
Aquinas ;  also  called  at  school  "The  Dumb 
Ox"  (1224-1274). 

Sturgeon  (Major),  J.P.,  "the  fish- 
monger from  Brentford,"  who  turned 
volunteer.  This  bragging  major  makes 
love  to  Mrs.  Jerry  Sneak. — S.  Foote,  The 
Mayor  of  Qarratt  (1763). 

We  had  some  desperate  duty,  sir  Jacob, . .  .  such  march- 
ings and   counter-marchings,  from    Brentford  to  Ealing. 

from  Ealing  to  Acton,  from  Acton  to  Oxbridge,  why, 
there  was  our  last  expedition  to  Hounalow;  that  day"! 
work  carried  off  major  Bfolceeaa,  .  .  .  But  to  proceed. 
On  we  marched,  the  men  tJl  Id  high  spirits,  to  attach  the 
gibbet  where  Garde!  is  banging;   but,  turning  down  a 

narrow  lane  to   the  left,  ai  H  might  1«  about  there,  in 

order  to  poawn  a  plgatye,  that  we  might  t.u\e  the  gallon 

in  Hank,  and   secure  a  retreat.  Who  sin  mid  come   b)   hut  a 
drove  of  fat  oxen  for  Bmlthfleld.    The  drums  heat  in  front, 
the  dogs  barked  In  the  rear,  the  oxen  set  up  a  | . 
thej  came,  thundering  upon  us.  broke  through  our  ranb 

in  an  instant,  and  threw  the  whole  corps  into  OOnfuatnn, 
—Act  i.  1. 

Sturmthal  {Me/choir),  the  banneret 
of  Berne,  one  of  the  Swiss  deputies. — Sit 
\Y.  Scott,  Amu-  of  Qtiwetem  (time,  Edward. 
IV.). 

Stutly  ( Will),  sometimes  called  Will 
Stukely,  a  companion  of  Little  John.  In 
the  morris-dance  on  May-day,  Little  John 
occupied  the  right  hand  9ide  of  Kobin 
Hood,  and  Will  Stutly  the  left.  Ilia 
rescue  from   the  sheriff  of    [Notts]   bv 


STYLES. 


952 


SUCKFIST. 


Robin  Hood,  forms  the  subject  of  one  of 
the  Robin  Hood  ballads. 

Wh«i  Kobi:  Hood  in  the  greenwood  lived, 

Under  the  greenwood  tree. 
Tidings  there  came  to  him  with  speed. 

Tidings  for  certaintie, 
That  Will  Stutly  surprized  was. 

And  eke  in  prison  lay ; 
Three  varlets  that  the  sheriff  hired. 

Did  likely  him  betray. 

Robin  tioodt  Reicuing  Will  Stutly,  It.  18. 

Styles  ( Tom  or  John)  or  Tom  o'  Styles, 
a  phrase  name  at  one  time  used  by  lawyers 
hi  actions  of  ejectment.  Jack  Noakes 
and  Tom  Styles  used  to  act  in  law  the 
part  that  N  or  M  acts  in  the  church.  The 
legal  fiction  has  been  abolished. 

I  have  no  connection  with  the  company  further  than 
giving  them,  for  a  certain  fee  and  reward,  my  poor  opinion 
is  a  medical  man,  precisely  as  1  may  give  it  to  Jack 
Noakes  or  Tom  Styles.— Dickens. 

%*  Tom  Styles,  Jack  Noakes,  John 
Doe,  and  Richard  Roe  are  all  Mrs. 
Harrises  of  the  legal  profession,  nomina 
et  prwterea  nihil. 

Styx,  one  of  the  five  rivers  of  hell. 
The  others  are  Ach'eron  ("the  river  of 
grief"),  Cocytus  ("the  riverof  wailing"), 
Phleg'ethon  ("the  river  of  liquid  fire"), 
and  Le'the  ("the  river  of  oblivion"). 
Styx  means  "  the  river  of  hate."  (Greek, 
Btiujeo,  "  I  hate.") 

Abhorred  Styx,  the  flood  of  deadly  hate ; 
Sad  Acheron,  of  sorrow,  black  and  deep ; 
Cocytus,  named  of  lamentation  loud. 
H.ard  on  the  rueful  stream;  fieree  Phlegethon, 
Whose  waves  of  torrent  fire  inflame  with  rage. 
par  off  from  these,  a  slow  and  silent  stream, 
LttliO,  the  river  of  oblivion,  rolls. 

Milton,  Paradite  Lost,  ii.  577,  etc.  (16C5). 

*#*  Dante  places  the  rivers  in  different 
circles  of  the  Inferno;  thus,  he  makes  the 
Ach6ron  divide  the  border-land  from 
limbo.  The  former  realm  is  for  the 
"  praiseless  and  the  blameless  dead  ;  " 
limbo  is  for  the  unbaptized.  He  places 
the  Stygian  Lake  of  "  inky  hue  "  in  the 
filth  circle,  the  realm  of  those  who  put  no 
restraint  on  their  anger.  The  fire-stream 
of  Ph.cgethon  he  fixes  to  the  eighth  steep, 
the  "hell  of  burning  where  it  snows 
flakes  of  fire,"  and  where  blasphemers 
are  confined.  He  places  "the  frozen 
river"  of  Cocytus  in  the  tenth  pit  of 
Malebolge,  a  region  of  thick-ribbed  ice, 
the  lowest  depth  of  hell,  where  Judas  and 
Lucifer  are  imprisoned.  Lethe,  he  says, 
is  no  river  of  hell  at  all,  but  it  is  the  one 
wish  of  all  the  infernals  to  get  to  it,  that 
they  may  drink  its  water  and  forget  their 
torments  ;  being,  however,  in  "  Purga- 
tory,"  they  can  never  get  near  it. —  The 
Divine  Comedy  (1300-11). 

Subtle,  the  "alchemist,"  an  artful 
mack,  who  pretends  to  be  on  the  eve  of 


discovering  the  philosopher's  stone.  Sir 
Epicure  Mammon,  a  rich  knight,  is  his 
principal  dupe,  but  by  no  means  his  only 
one. — Ben  Jonson,  The  Alchemist  (1610). 

Subtle,  an  Englishman  settled  in  Pari3. 
He  earns  a  living  by  the  follies  of  his 
countrymen  who  visit  the  gay  capital. 

Mrs.  Subtle,  wife  of  Mr.  Subtle,  and  a 
help-meet  for  him. — Foote,  The  English- 
man in  Faris  (1753). 

Subtle  Doctor  (The),  Duns  Scotus, 
famous  for  his  metaphysical  speculations 
in  theology  (1265-1308). 

Suburra.  So-and-so  is  the  Suburra 
of  London,  the  most  disreputable  quarter, 
being  the  chief  haunt  of  the  "  demi- 
monde." The  Suburra  of  Rome  was  a 
district  "ubi  meretricum  erant  domi- 
cilia." 

Senem  (quod  omnes  rideant)  adulterum 

Latrent  Subumns  canes 
Nardo  perunctuuu 

Horace,  Epode,  1 

Subvolvans,  inhabitants  of  the  moon, 
in  everlasting  strife  with  the  Privolvans. 
The  former  live  under  ground  in  cavities, 
"eight  miles  deep  and  eighty  round  ;"  the 
latter  on  "the  upper  ground."  Every  sum- 
mer the  under-ground  lunatics  come  to  the 
surface  to  attack  the  "grounders,"  but  at 
the  approach  of  winter,  slink  back  again 
into  their  holes. — S.  Butler,  T/te  Elephant 
in  the  Moon  (1754), 

Success. 

Tis  not  in  mortals  to  command  success. 

But  well  do  more,  Sempronius,  we'll  deserve  It 

Addison,  Cato,  i.  1  (1713). 

Such  Things  Are,  a  comedy  by 
Mrs.  Inchbald  (1786).  The  scene  lies  in 
India,  and  the  object  of  the  play  is  to 
represent  the  tyranny  of  the  old  re'yime, 
and  the  good  influence  of  the  British 
element,  represented  by  Haswell  the 
royal  physician.  The  main  feature  is  au 
introduction  to  the  dungeons,  and  the  in- 
famous neglect  of  the  prisoners,  amongst 
whom  is  Arabella,  the  sultan's  beloved 
English  wife,  whom  he  has  been  search- 
ing for  unsuccessfully  for  fifteen  years. 
Haswell  receives  the  royal  signet,  and  is 
entrusted  with  unlimited  power  by  the 
sultan. 

Suckfist  (Lord),  defendant  in  trie 
great  Pantagruelian  lawsuit,  known  as 
"lord  Busqueuec.  lord  Suckfist,"  in  which 
the  plaintiff  and  defendant  pleaded  in 
person.  After  hearing  the  case,  the  bench 
declared,  "We  hare  not  understood  one 
single  circumstance  of  the  matter  on  either 
side."     But  Pantagruel  gave  judgment, 


SUCKLK  FOOLS. 


953 


SULLEN. 


and  as  both  plaintiff  and  defendant  left 
the  court  fully  persuaded  that  the  verdict 
was  in  his  own  favour,  they  were  both 
highly  satisfied,  "a  thing  without  parallel 
in  the  annals  of  the  law." — Rabelais, 
Pantagruel,  ii.  11-18  (1688). 

Suckle  Fools.  I  ago  says  the  use  of 
a  wife  is 

To  suckle  Fool*,  And  chronicle  small  heer. 

Shakespeare,  Otltellv,  act  il.  sc.  1  (1611). 

Suddlechop  {Benjamin),  "the  most 
renowned  barber  in  all  Fleet  Street."  A 
thin,  half-starved  creature. 

Dame  Ursula  Siuldlcckop,  the  barber's 
wife.  "She  could  contrive  interviews  for 
lovers,  and  relieve  frail  fair  ones  of  the 
burden  of  a  guilty  passion."  She  had 
been  a  pupil  of  Mrs.  Turner,  and  learnt 
of  her  the  secret  of  making  yellow  starch, 
and  two  or  three  other  prescriptions  more 
lucrative  still.  The  dame  was  scarcely 
40  years  of  age,  of  full  form  and  comely 
features,  with  a  joyous,  good-humoured 
expression. 

Dame  Ursula  had  acquaintance*  .  .  .  among  the  quality, 
and  maintained  her  intercourse  .  .  .  partly  by  driving  a 
trade  in  perfumes,  essences,  pomades,  baid-gaan  from 
Franse.  not  to  mention  drugs  of  various  descriptions, 
chiefly  for  fhe  use  of  ladies  and  partly  by  other  sendee* 
more  or  less  connected  with  the  esoteric  branches  of  her 

JroteanoB. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fur  tuna  o/  Sit/el,  rill,  (time, 
ames  I.). 

Suds  (Mrs.),  any  washerwoman  or 
laundress. 

Suerpo  Santo,  called  St.  Elmo, 
Castor  and  Pollux,  St.  Hermes;  a  coma- 
zant  or  electric  light  occasionally  seen  on 
a  ship's  mast  before  or  after  a  storm. 

I  do  remember  .  .  .  there  came  upon  the  toppe  of  our 
maine  yarde  and  maine-niaste  a  certaine  little  light  .  .  . 
Wfakh  the  Spaniards  call  the  Susrpe  Santo.  .  .  .  Tills 
light  continued  aboard  our  ship  about  three  houres,  tiling 
from  masta  to  mate,  and  from  tup  to  top.— iiackluyt, 
royai/et  (1598). 

Suffusion.  So  that  dimness  of  sight 
{■called  which  precedes  a  cataract.  Itwas 
once  thought  that  a  cataract  was  a  thin 
film  growing  externally  over  the  eye  and 
Veiling  the  sight;  but  it  is  now  known 
that  the  seat  of  the  disease  is  t lie 
crystalline  humour  (between  the  outer 
coat  of  the  eye  and  the  papilla).  Couch- 
ing fortius  disease  is  performed  with  a 
needle,  which  is  passed  through  the  ex- 
ternal coat,  and  driven  into  the  crystalline 
humour.     (See  DbOF  Si.uink.) 

So  thick  a  "drop  mat*  hath  quenched  their  orbs. 

Or  dim  "1111111-1. .n  "  Mil.. I 

Milton.  /HwmMrJ  l.otl.  111.  'Jo  (1600). 

,    Suicides  from  Books. 

Clbom'brotos,  the  Academic  philo- 
sopher, killed  himself  alter  reading  Plato's 
Phodon,  that  he  mi^'lii  enjoy  the  bapprm  ss 
of  the  future  life  so  enchanting ly  described. 


Fkai'i.ein  von  Lasshkko  drowned 
herself  in  spleen,  after  reading  (Joethe's 
Sorrows  of  \Vcr  titer. 

Sulin-Sifad'da,  one  of  the  tw. 
of  (Juthullin   general   of  the   Irish  tribes. 
The  name  of  the  other  was  DodommL 

Before  the  right  side  of  the  car  is  seen  the  snorting 
horse;    the    MgJMnaaad.    br.,  .dbreastcd.    prand 

■ 
his  hoof;  the  spreading  of  Ml  mans  ,:-.»e  is  like  a  stream 
of  smoke  OH  a  ridge  of  rorki.     /  ..  ■  ..f  bu 

•teed.     His  name  is  Su.in-Sifadda.— O .sun.  fTHjElf.  L 

Dusronnal  snorted  over  the  bodies  of  heroes.  Sifadda 
baUied  his  hoof  in  blood.— Ditto. 

Sulky  (Mr.),  executor  of  Mr.  Warren, 
and  partner  in  Dornton's  bank.  With  a 
sulky,  grumpy  exterior,  he  has  a  kind 
heart,  and  is  strictly  honest.  When 
Dornton  is  brought  to  the  brink  of 
ruin  by  his  son's  extravagance,  Sulky 
comes  nobly  forward  to  the  rescue. 
Silky.)— T.  Holeroft,  The  Road  to  Bum 
(1792). 

And  oh  1  for  monopoly.     What  a  blest  day. 

When  the  lank  and  the  silk  shall,  in  land  combination 
(Like  Sulky  and  Silky,  that  pair  in  the  play). 
Cry  out  with  one  Yoke  for  "high  rents"  and  "starra- 
Uon  "  ! 

T.  Moore,  Chit  t»  the  GtLUu  Crret  (1806). 

Sullen  (Sqttire),  son  of  lady  Bounti- 
ful by  her  first  husband.  He  married 
the  sister  of  sir  Charles  Freeman,  but 
after  fourteen  months  their  tempers  and 
dispositions  were  found  so  incompatible 
that  they  mutually  agreed  to  a  divorce. 

He  tuts  little,  thinks  less,  and  does  nothing  at  all. 
Faith  1  but  he  s  a  man  of  great  estate,  and  values  no- 
body.—Act  L  1. 

Parson    Trulllhcr,    sir    Wilful    Witw.  uld.    sir    Prandi 
Wrongfaead,  squire    Western,   squire   Sullen.— «ach  were 
the  people  who  composed  the  main  strength  ol 
party  for  sixty  years  after  the  licvuluUou.—  Lord  Macao- 
lay. 

V"    "Parson     Trulliber,"    in 
Andrew    (by    Fielding);     "sir    Wilful 
Wit  would, "'in     The 
(Congreve);   "sir   Francis  Wronghead," 

.'/.v./  Husband  (by  G 
"squire    Western,"    in    Zbm  JbnM    (by 
Fielding). 

Mr*.  idea  Fn  e» 

man,   and   wife   of  stpiire   Sullen.     They 

had  been  married  fourteen  months  when 
tiny  agreed  mutually  to  a  separation,  fot 

in  no  one  Millie  point  was  there  any  com- 
patibility between  them.  The  squire  was 
sullen,  the  lady  sprightly ;  he  could  not 

drink    tea  with    her,    and    >!:• 

drink  ale  with  him  ;   he   haled  ombre  and 

picquet,    she    hated    cock-fighting    and 

racing;     he    Would     not    dance,    and    .-he 

would  not  hunt.  Mr«.  Sullen  liked  ' 
friend  of  Thomas  viscount  Aimweu,  both 
fortune-hunters;  and  squire  Sullen,  when 

.rated  from  his  wife,  was  obliged  to 


SUL-MALLA. 


954 


SUN  ON  EASTEK  DAY. 


resign  the  £20,000  wliich  he  received 
with  her  a*  a  dowry. — George  Farquhar, 
The  Beaux'  Stratajem  (1707). 

Sul-Malla,  daughter  of  Conmor  king 
of  Inis-Huna  and  his  wife  Clun-galo. 
Disguised  as  a  warrior,  Sul-Malla  follows 
Cathmor  to  the  war  ;  but  Cathmor,  walk- 
ing his  rounds,  discovers  Sul-Malla  asleep, 
falls  in  love  with  her,  but  exclaims, 
"This  is  no  time  for  love."  lie  strikes 
his  shield  to  rouse  the  host  to  battle,  and 
is  slain  by  FingaL  The  sequel  of  Sul- 
Malla  is  not  given. 

Cluncalo  came.     She  missed   the  maid.     "Where  art 

thou,  beam  of  liithtT     Huntan  fr the  mossy  rook,  saw 

you  Iho  blue-eyed  fair?  Are  her  steps  on  tcrassy  Lumoii, 
near  the  bad  of  ri«-.<T  Ah  DM !  1  beheld  her  Ik.w  In 
th«  hall.  Where  art  thou,  beam  of  tight  t" — Ouian, 
Tevujra,  vl.     (Set  to  music  by  sir  II    lit  h.j.  ) 

Sultan's  Horse  [The).  According 
to  tradition,  nothing  will  grow  where  tlic 
saltan's  horse  breads. 

ftyzaiitiaiis  DOaat  that  on  the  clod 
Where  once  the    ultan-  horse  has  trod. 
Grows  neither  grass,  nor  shrub,  nor  tree. 

Swift,  l'etlnx  :ft«  Ureal  (1723). 

Summer.    (See  Seasons.) 
Summer  of  All   Saints,  the  fine 

weather  which  generally  occurs  in  ( >e- 
tober  and  November;  also  called  St. 
Martin  s  Summer  (I'ele'  de  S.  Martin) 
and  St.  Luke's  Summer. 

Then  followed  that  beautli'ul  season, 

Called  by  the  pious  Acadian  peasants  tho  summer  of  All 
baint*. 

Lonxfellow,  Evangeline.  L  2  (1S4D). 

All  Saints'  Day,  November  1  ;  St. 
Martin's  Dav,  November  11 ;  St.  Luke's 
Day,  October  IK. 

Eipect  St.  Martin's  summer,  halcyon  day". 
Shakespeare,  1  J/enry  VI.  act  1.  sc.  '2  (li8!». 

All  Tlallowcn  Summer  is  the  same  as 
"  All  Saints'  Summer." 

Farewell,  all  Hallowen  summer. 
Bhakaspeare,  1  Henry  VI.  act  L  sc.  2  (1589). 

Summerland,  supposed  to  be  the 
Crimea  or  Constantinople  "over  the 
Hazy  Sea."  This  is  given  by  Thomas 
Jones  of  Tregaron  as  the  place  from 
which  the  Britons  originally  emigrated. 
— T.  Jones,  Tl\e  Historical  Triads  (six- 
teenth century). 

Summerson  (^s/to1).  (See  Esther 
Hawdoh.J 

Summons  to  Death. 

Jacques  Moi.ay,  grand-master  of  the 
Knights  Templars,  as  he  was  led  to  the 
Htake,  summoned  the  pope  (delimit  V .) 
within  forty  days,  and  the  lung  (Philippe 
IV.)  within  furty  weiks,  to  appear  before 
the    throne    of    God    to    answer    for    his 


murder.  They  both  died  within  the 
stated  times. 

Montueai,  n'Ai.nAxo,  called  "Fra 
Moriale,"  knight  of  St.  John  of  Jerusa- 
lem, and  captain  of  the  Grand  Company 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  when  sentenced 
to  death  by  Kienzi,  summoned  him  to 
follow  within  the  month.  Kienzi  was 
within  the  month  killed  by  the  fickle 
mob. 

Pktek  and  John  he  Carvajal,  being 
condemned  to  death  on  circumstantial 
evidence  alone,  appealed,  but  without 
success,  to  Ferdinand  IV.  of  Spain.  On 
their  way  to  execution,  they  declared 
their  innocence,  and  summoned  the  king 
to  appear  before  God  within  thirty  days. 
Ferdinand  was  quite  well  on  the  thirtieth 
day,  but  was  found  dead  in  his  bed  next 
morning. 

GSOBGI  Wishakt,  a  Scotch  reformer, 
was  condemned  to  the  stake  by  cardinal 
Beaton.  While  the  fire  was  blazing 
about  him,  the  martyr  exclaimed  in  a 
loud  voice,  "  He  who  from  yon  high 
place  bcholdeth  me  with  such  pride,  shall 
be  brought  low,  oven  to  the  ground,  be- 
fore the  treos  which  have  supplied  these 
faggots  have  shed  their  leaves."  It  was 
March  when  these  words  were  uttered, 
and  the  cardinal  died  in  June. 

Sun  {The).  The  device  of  Edward 
III.  was  the  sun  bursting  through  a  cloud. 
Hence  Edward  111.  is  called  "our  half- 
faced  sun." — Shakespeare,  2  Henry  VI, 
act  iv.  sc.  1  (1582). 

Sun  (City  of  the).  Rhodes  was  bo 
called,  because  Apollo  was  its  tutelar 
deity.  On  or  lleliopolis,  in  Egypt,  was 
a  sun-city  (Greek,  kttiot  poits,  "  sun 
city"). 

Sun  Inn,  Westminster.  This  sign 
was  adopted  because  it  was  the  badge  of 
Richard  II.  The  "sun"  was  the  cogni- 
zance of  the  house  of  York. 

Now  Is  the  winter  of  our  discontent 
Made  glorious  summer  by  this  sun  of  York. 
Sliakc.'pcarc,  KicJuird  HI.  act  Lk.1  (1S°7). 

Sun-Steeds.  Bronte  ("thunder") 
and  Amethea  ("no  loiterer"),  jEthon 
("fiery  red")  and  Pyrois  ("fire"); 
Lampos  ("shining  like  a  lamp"),  used 
only  at  noon;  PhilogCa  ("effulgence"), 
used  only  in  the  westering  course. 

*»*  l'iiaeton  ("  the  shining  one  ")  and 
Abraxas  (the  Greek  numeral  for  3f>5) 
were  the  horses  of  Aurora  or  the  morning 
sun. 

Sun  on  Easter  Day.    It  was  at 


SUNDAY. 


955 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


one  time  maintained  that  the  Bun  danced 
on  Easter  Day. 

But  oh  1  she  dances  such  a  way, 
No  sun  upon  an  Easter  Day 
Is  half  so  ti  no  a  sight. 
Sir  John  Suckling,  The  Wedding  (died  1641). 
Whose  beauty  makes  the  sprightly  sun 
To  (lance,  as  upon  Easter  Day. 
John  Cleveland,  The  General  Eclipse  (died  1659). 

Sunday  is  the  day  when  witches  do 
penance. 

Till  on  a  day  (that  day  is  every  prime  f  first  dayjl. 
When  witches  wont  do  penance  for  their  crime. 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  L  ii.  40  (1590). 

Sunflower  ( The)  is  so  called  simply 
because  the  flower  resembles  a  picture- 
sun,  with  its  yellow  petals  like  rays  round 
its  dark  disc.  Thomas  Moore  is  quite  in 
error  when  he  says  it  turns  towards  the 
sun.  I  have  had  sunflowers  turning  to 
«very  point  of  the  compass,  and  after 
narrowly  watching  them,  have  seen  in 
them  no  tendency  to  turn  towards  the 
sun,  or  to  shift  their  direction. 

The  sunflower  turns  on  her  god,  when  he  sets, 
The  same  look  which  she  turned  when  he  rose. 
X.  Moore,  Jrish  Melodies,  ii.  ("  Believe  We,  if  all  those 
Endearing  Young  Charms,"  1814). 

Sun'ith,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  of 
the  East  led  by  the  guiding  star  to  Jesus. 
He  had  three  holy  daughters. — Klop- 
stock,  The  Messiah,  v.  (1771). 

Sunium's  Marbled  Steep,  cape 
Colonna,  once  crowned  with  a  temple  of 
Minerva. 

Here  marble  columns,  long  by  time  defaced, 
Moss-covered,  on  the  lofty  cape  are  placed, 
There  reared  by  fair  devotion  to  sustain 
ill  elder  times  Tritonia's sacred  fane  [temple of  Minerva\ 
Falconer,  The  Shipwreck,  hi.  5  (1762). 

Sunshine  of  St.  Eulalie'  (3  syl.), 
Evangeline. 

Sunshine  of  St.  Eulalie  was  she  called,  for  that  was  the 

BUiisbino 
Which,  as  the  farmers  believed,  would  load  their  orchards 

with  apples. 

Longfellow,  Evangeline,  1.  1  (1849). 

Super  Grammat'icam,  Sigismund 
emperor  of  Germany  (lo(J(>,  1411-Ho7). 

At  the  council  of  Constance,  held  1414,  Sigismund  used 
the  word  schisma  as  a  noun  of  the  feminine  gender  [iUa 
nefanda  schisma).  A  prig  of  a  cardinal  corrected  him, 
laying,  " '  Schisma,'  your  highness,  is  neuter  gender  ;  " 
when  the  kaiser  turned  on  Irim  with  ineffable  scum,  and 
laid,  "  I  am  king  of  the  Romans,  and  what  is  grammar 
to  ine?"  [Ego  sum  rex  Roynamtsl't  KomauorumJ,  et  super 
jrammaticam.] — Carlyle,  Frederick  the  Great  (1858). 

Superb  (The).  Genoa  is  called  La 
Superba,  from  its  general  appearance  from 
the  bui. 

Superstitions   about  Animals. 

Ant.  When  ants  are  unusually  busy, 
foul  weather  is  at  hand. 

Ants  never  sleep. — Emerson,  Nature,  iv. 

Ants  lay  up  food  for  winter  use. — 
Prov.  vi.  6-8 ;  xxx.  25. 


Ants'  eggs  are  an  antidote  to  love. 

Ass.  The  mark  running  down  the  back 
of  an  ass,  and  cut  at  right  angles  over  the 
shoulders,  is  the  cross  of  Christ,  impressed 
on  the  animal  because  Christ  rode  on  an 
ass  in  His  triumphant  entry  into  Jerusa- 
lem. 

Three  hairs  taken  from  the  "  cross  "  of 
an  ass  will  cure  the  hooping-cough,  but 
the  ass  from  which  the  hairs  are  plucked 
will  die. 

The  ass  is  deaf  to  music,  and  hence 
Apollo  gave  Midas  the  ears  of  an  ass, 
because  he  preferred  the  piping  of  Pan 
to  the  music  of  Apollo's  lute. 

Barnacle.  A  barnacle  broken  off  a 
ship  turns  into  a  Solan  goose. 

Like  your  Scotch  barnacle,  now  a  block. 
Instantly  a  worm,  and  presently  a  great  goose. 

Marstou,  The  Malecontent  (1604). 

Basilisk.  The  basilisk  can  kill  at  a 
distance  by  the  "  poison"  of  its  glance. 

There's  not  a  glance  of  thine 
But,  like  a  basilisk,  cornea  winged  with  death. 

Lee,  Alexander  the  Ureat,  v.  1  (1678). 

Bear.  The  cub  of  a  bear  is  licked 
into  shape  and  life  by  its  dam. 

So  watchful  Bruin  forms  with  plastic  care 
Each  growing  lump,  and  brings  it  to  a  bear. 

Tope,  The  Dunciad,  i.  101  (1728). 

Beaver.  When  a  beaver  is  hunted,  it 
bites  off  the  part  which  the  hunters  seek, 
and  then,  standing  upright,  shows  the 
hunters  it  is  useless  to  continue  the 
pursuit. — Eugenius  Philalethes,  Brief 
Natural  History,  89. 

Bee.  If  bees  swarm  on  a  rotten  tree, 
a  death  in  the  family  will  occur  within 
the  twelvemonth. 

Swarmed  on  a  rotten  stick  the  bees  I  spied, 
Which  erst  I  saw  when  Goody  Dobsou  dyed. 

Gay,  Fastoral,  v.  (1714). 

Bees  will  never  thrive  ii  you  quarrel 
with  them  or  about  them. 

If  a  member  of  the  family  dies  and  the 
bees  are  not  put  into  mourning,  they  will 
forsake  their  hive. 

It  is  unlucky  for  a  stray  swarm  of  been 
to  flight  on  your  premises. 

Beetle.  Beetles  are  both  deaf  and 
blind. 

Cat.  When  cats  wash  their  ears  more 
than  usual,  rain  is  at  hand. 

When  the  cat  washes  her  face  over  her  ears,  wee  shall 
have  great  shore  of  raine. — Melton,  Astrologastor,  45. 

The  sneezing  of  a  cat  indicates  good 
luck  to  a  bride. 

Crastina  nupturse  lux  est  prospcrrima  sponsffi : 
Felix  fele  bouum  stcrnuit  omen  amor. 

Robert  Keuchcn,  Vrvpundii.  413. 

If  a  cat  sneezes  thrice,  a  cold  will  ruu 
through  the  family. 

Satan's   favourite   form   is  that  of   a 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


956 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


black  cat,  and  hence  is  it  the  familiar  of 
witches. 
A  cat  has  nine  lives. 

Tybalt.  What  wouidst  thou  have  with  ma! 

Her,  Good  Icing  of  cuts,  nothing  but  one  of  your  nine 
lives. — Shakespeare,  Romeo  and  Juliet,  act  iii.  sc.  1 
HOW). 

Chameleons  live  on  air  only. 

I  mi  him  eat  the  air  for  food. 

Lloyd.  The  ChameUon. 

Cow.  If  a  milkmaid  neglects  to  wash 
her  hands  after  milking,  her  cows  will 
go  dry. 

Curst  cows  have  curt  horns.  Curst 
means  "  angry,  fierce." 

God  sends  a  curst  cow  short  horns. — Shakespeare, 
UucA  Ado  about  Nothing,  act  li  sc  1  (lflDO). 

Cricket.  Crickets  bring  good  luck 
to  a  house.  To  kill  crickets  is  unlucky. 
If  crickets  forsake  a  house,  a  deatli  in 
the  family  will  soon  follow. 

It  is  a  slgne  of  death  to  some  In  a  house,  If  the  cricket* 
on  it  sudden  forsake  the  chimney.  — Melton,  Attroloyu- 
tor,  45. 

Crocodiles  moan  and  sigh,  like  per- 
sons in  distress,  to  allure  travellers  and 
make  them  tlieir  prey. 

As  the  mournful  crocodile 
With  sorrow  snares  relenting  pnssr-ngera. 
Shakespeare.  2  Henry  II.  act  iii.  sc  1  (1591). 

Crocodiles  weep  over  the  prey  which 
they  devour. 

The  crocodile  will  weep  over  a  man's  head  when  ho  \tt] 
tmlh  devoured  the  Imdy.  and  then  lie  will  eat  up  tbe  bead 
too.  — Uullokur,  Knjlilh  f.ti  otitor  (1616). 

Paul  Lucas  tells  us  that  the  humming- 
bird and  lapwing  enter  fearlessly  the 
crocodile's  mouth,  and  the  creature  never 
injures  them,  because  they  pick  its  teeth* 
—  Voyage  fait  en  1714. 

Citow.  If  a  crow  croaks  an  odd  Dum- 
ber of  times,  look  out  for  foal  weather; 
if  an  even  number,  it  will  be  line. 

[Th* nam tHHom] Hafn  In  the  morning  whether  the 
crow  i-iicth   rvi-n   Of  Odd,   anil   l»y  tlcht  token    Dffi 
weather.—  l'r    Hall,  flviraclrrl  <»/  Virtu:  find   I'uet.  S7. 

If  a  crow  tlies  over  a  house  and  croaks 
thrice,  it  is  a  bad  omen. — RssnnsrT, 
ElminthohgicL  271  (1C.C8). 

If  a  crow  flutters  about  a  window  and 
caws,  it  forebodes  a  death. 

Night  crowes  screech  aloud, 
Fluttering  *t»  n t  casements  of  departing  soules. 

Wanton,  Antonio  and  MtBUo,  ii.  (10H), 
Several  crows  fluttered  aboat  the  head  of  Cicero  on  the 
da\  in-  ni  muvdand  bj  PopDiUi  [Mai  .  .  .  one  of  them 
even  nia'le  Its  wa\   into  ins  fthMlfrllTi  an.l  pullttl  away  the 
hi  ,1.  lul Ins.  —  MiU'aulay,  History  of  St.  Kil'ia,  170. 

If  crows  thu-k  together  early  in  the 
moming,  anil  gaps  Kt  the  sun,  the  weather 
Will  be  hot  and  dry  ;  but  if  they  stalk 
at  nightfall  into  water,  ami  croak,  rain 
is  at  hand. — Willsford,  Nature's  Secrets, 
1S3. 


When  crows  [  ?  rooks]  forsake  a  wood 
in  a  flock,  it  forebodes  a  famine. — Supple- 
ment to  the  Atlienian  Oracle,  476. 

Death-watch.  The  clicking  or  tap- 
ping of  the  beetle  called  a  death-watch  is 
an  omen  of  death  to  some  one  in  the 
house. 

Chamber-maids  christen  this  worm  a  "  Death-watch. ' 
fccause,  like  a  watch,  it  always  cries  "click  ;" 
Then  woe  tie  to  those  in  tbe  house  that  are  sick. 
For  sure  as  a  gun  they  will  give  up  the  ghost  .  . 
But  a  kettle  of  scalding  hot  water  injected 
Infallibly  cures  U«c  timber  infected; 
The  omen  is  broken,  the  danger  b  over. 
The  maggot  will  die,  and  the  sick  will  recorer. 

Swift,  Wood  an  Intoct  (171SV 

Doo.  If  dogs  howl  by  night  near  a 
house,  it  presages  the  death  of  a  sick 
inmate. 

If  doggs  howle  in  the  night  neer  an  honse  where  snme- 
bed)  i  -iLk.'tls  a  signeof  death. — Dr.  N.  Home,  /kemono- 
louie,  60. 

When  daga  wallow  in  the  dust,  expert 
foul  weather:  "(anis  in  pulvere  volu- 
tans  .  .  ." 

Pnes»  ia  ventornm,  se  rolvlt  ndora  canura  via ; 
Numlna  ditnatur  |ulwri-  in^lar  homo. 

Robert  Keuchen.  tVr;.oiuiin.  '.'11. 

IVhints.  An  echinus,  fastening  itself 
on  a  ship's  keel,  will  arrest  its  motion 
like  an  anchor. — Pliny,  Aatural  History, 
xxxii.  1. 

Boo.  The  tenth  egg  is  always  the 
largest. 

Pecumana  ora  dicuntur,  quia  ovum  dednium  inajua 
naarlrnr. — Kcstu*. 

Ki.i  riiANT.  Elephants  celebrate  re- 
ligious rites. — Pliny,  Natural  History, 
viii.  1. 

Elephants  have  no  knees. — Engeniut 
Philalethes,  Brief  Natural  History,  89. 

The  elephant  hath  joints,  but  none  for  courtesy  ;  hat 
legs  are  not   for    uVxure. — Shakespeare. 

TroUut  and  freuida,  art  iii.  sc  3  |iGo-J). 

FlSH.  If  you  count  the  number  of 
fish  you  have  caught,  you  will  catch  no 
more  that  day. 

PaOGa  To  meet  a  frog  is  lucky,  in- 
dicating that  the  person  is  about  to  receive 
money. 

Some  man  badde  leryr  to  mete  a  frogge  on  th*  way  than 
a  knight  ...  for  thaa  Uiey  say  anil  leve  that  tbejr  slial 
have  guide.— Inrct  and  Pauper  (first  precepts.  il»i., 
ISM* 

When  frogs  croak  more  than  usual,  it 
is  a  iign  of  bad  weather. 

(itiNKA-nu.  A  guinea-pig  has  nu 
ears. 

HADDOCK.  The  black  spot  on  each 
side  of  a  haddock,  near  the  gills,  is  the 
impression  of  St.  Pater's  linger  and 
thumb,  when  he  took  the  tribute  ■oncj 
from  the  lish's  mouth. 

Tie  haddock  ha*  <|»'ts  on  either  side,  which  are  the 
marks  of  st,  Peter's  Angers  when  be  rati  l"->l  that  turn  for 
the  tribute  —  Mctellus,  Dialogue*,  etc  .  K  (1SU). 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


957 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


Hair.  If  a  dog  bites  you,  any  evil 
consequence  may  be  prevented  by 
applying  three  of  the  dog's  hairs  to  the 
wound. 

Take  the  hair,  it  Is  well  written, 
Of  the  dog  by  which  you're  bitten  ; 
Work  off  one  wine  by  his  brother. 
And  one  labour  by  another. 

Atheiueus  (ascribed  to  Aristophanes). 

Hare.  It  is  unlucky  if  a  hare  runs 
across  a  road  in  front  of  a  traveller.  Ihe 
Roman  augurs  considered  this  an  ill 
omen. 

If  an  hare  cross  their  way,  they  suspect  they  shall  be 
rob'd  or  con*  to  some  miachance.-Ramesey.  Lbmntho- 
togia,  271  (1668). 

It  was  believed  at  one  time  that  hares 
changed  their  sex  every  year. 

Hedgehog.  Hedgehogs  foresee  a 
coming  storm— Bodenham,  Garden  of  the 
Muses,  153  (1600). 

Hedgehogs  fasten  on  the  dugs  of  cows, 
and  drain  off  the  milk.  _ 

Horse.  If  a  person  suffering  from 
hooping-cough  asks  advice  of  a  man 
riding  on  a  piebald  horse,  the  malady 
will  be  cured  by  doing  what  the  man  tells 

him  to  do.  ....     ,.     , 

Jackal.  The  jackal  is  the  lion  s  pro- 
vider. It  hunts  with  the  lion,  and  pro- 
vides it  with  food  by  starting  prey  as 
dogs  start  game. 

Lady-bug.     It  is  unlucky  to  kill  a 

lady-bug.  .   .  . 

Lion.   The  Hon  will  not  injure  a  royal 

prince. 

Fetch  the  Numidian  lion  I  brought  over ; 
if  she  be  sprung  from  royal  blood   the  lion 
Will  do  her  reverence,  eke  he  will  tear  "<*■ 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher.    The  Mad  Lover  (1617). 
The  lion  will  not  touch  the  true  prince.-Shakespeare, 
1  Henri/  J  V.  act  ii.  sc.  4  (1598). 

The  lion  hates  the  game-cock,  and  is 
jealous  of  it.  Some  say  because  the  cock 
wears  a  crown  (its  crest),  and  others 
because  it  comes  into  the  royal  presence 
"  booted  and  spurred." 

The  fiercest  lion  trembles  at  the  crowing  of  a  cock.- 
Pliny,  Natural  History,  vm.  19. 

According  to  legend,  the  lion's  whelp 
is  born  dead,  and  remains  so  for  three 
days,  when  the  father  breathes  on  it, 
and  it  receives  life.  . 

Lizard.  The  lizard  is  man  s  special 
enemy,  but  warns  him  of  the  approach 
of  a  serpent.  .     . 

Magpie.    To  see  one  magpie  is  un- 
,  lucky  :  to  see  two  denotes  merriment  or 
'  a  marriage  ;  to   see   three,   a  successful 
journey  ;   four,   good  news  ;  five,   com- 
pany.— Grose.  .  , 

Another  superstition  is :  "Owte 
sorrow ;  two  for  mirth  ;  three,  a  wedding  , 
lour,  a  death." 


One's  sorrow,  two's  mirth. 
Three's  a  wedding,  four's  a  blrto. 
Five's  a  christening,  six's  a  dearth. 
Seven's  heaven,  eight  is  hell. 
And  nine's  the  devil  his  line  sel . 

Old  .scotch  Rhym*. 

In  Lancashire,  two  magpies  flying  to- 
gether is  thought  unlucky. 

I  have  heard  my  gronny  say  hoodo  os  leef  o  «*"»»<» 
owd  harries  as  two  pynots  [magpseti.—  Tim  Bobbin, 
Lancashire  Dialect,  81  (1775). 

When  the  magpie  chatters,  it  denote* 
that  you  will  see  strangers. 

Man.  A  person  weighs  more  fasting 
than  after  a  good  meal. 

The  Jews  maintained  that  man  lias 
three  natures— body,  soul,  and  spirit. 
Diogenes  Laertius  calls  the  three  natures 
body,  phren,  and  thumos ;  and  the 
Romans  called  them  manGs,  anlma,  and 
umbra. 

There  is  a  nation  of  pygmies. 

The  Patagonians  are  of  gigantic  sta- 

There  are  men  with  tails,  as  the  Ghi- 
lanes,  a  race  of  men  "beyond  the  Sen- 
naar;"  the  Niam-niams  of  Africa,  the 
Narea  tribes,  certain  others  south  of 
Herrar,  in  Abyssinia,  and  the  natives  in 
the  south  of  Formosa. 

Martin.  It  is  unlucky  to  kill  a  martin. 

Mole.  Moles  are  blind.  Hence  the 
common  expression,  "  Blind  as  a  mole. 

I'ray  you,  tread  softly,  that  the  blind  mole  may  not 

Hear  a  footfall.  ,  .,-.nu\ 

Shakespeare,  The  Tempest,  act  iv.  sc.  1  (160J). 

Moon-calf,  the  offspring  of  a  woman, 
engendered  solely  by  the  power  of  the 
moon.— Plinv,  Natural  History,  x.  64. 

Mouse.  To  eat  food  which  a  mouse 
has  nibbled  will  give  a  sore  throat. 

It  is  a  bad  omen  if  a  mouse  gnaws  the 
clothes  which  a  person  is  wearing.— 
Burton,    Anatomy    of    Melancholy,    214 

(I621)-  •  „     *  11 

A  fried  mouse  is  a  specific  for  small- 
pox. ,  ,.         . 
Ostrich.     An  ostrich  can  digest  iron. 

Stephen.  I  could  eat  the  very  hilts  for  anger. 

Tn'o-vefl.  A  sign  of  your  go.nl  d^estior, , ;  yon  har. 
an  ostrich  stomach. -B.  Jonson,  Lvery  Man  in  Ha 
Humour,  iii.  1  (1598). 

Ill  make  thee  cat  iron  like  an  ostrich,  and  swallow 
my  sword—Shakespeare.  2  Henry  »  /.  act  iv.  sc  10 
(1691). 

Owl.  If  owls  screech  with  a  hoars* 
and  dismal  voice,  it  bodes  impending 
calamity.     (See  Owl,  p.  718.) 

The  oul6  that  of  deth  the  bode  bringeth. 

Chaucer,  Assembly  of  toules  (1358). 

Pelican.  A  pelican  feeds  its  young 
brood  with  its  blood. 

The  pelican  turneth  her  beak  against  her  brest,  anjj 
therewith  Sercetn  «  till  the  blood,  gush  out Lmmtt 
Jhe  nourisbetb  her  young. -Eugemus  I>hilakUie»,  BrUf 
Hatural  History,  Vi 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


958 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


Than  sayd  the  Pellycane, 

"  When  my  byrdts  be  slayne, 
With  my  bloude  I  them  reuyue  [rer»'t>ej* 

Scrypture  doth  record, 

The  same  dyd  our  Lord, 
And  rose  from  deth  to  lyue  [life\ 

Skelton,  Armoury  of  liyrdtt  (died  1529). 
And,  like  the  kind,  life-rendering  pelican. 
Repast  them  with  my  blood. 

Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  act  It.  bc.  5  (1596). 

Phcenix.  There  is  but  one  phoenix  in 
the  world,  which,  after  many  hundred 
years,  bums  itself,  and  from  its  ashes 
another  phcenix  rises  up. 

Now  I  will  believe,  .  .  .  that  in  Arabia 

There  is  one  tree,  the  phcenix'  throne  ;  one  phcenix 

\l  this  hour  reigning  there. 

Shakespeare,  The  Tempest,  act  iil.  sc.  3  (1609). 

The  phcenix  is  said  to  have  fifty 
orifices  in  its  bill,  continued  to  its  tail. 
After  living  its  1000  or  500  years,  it 
builds  itself  a  funeral  pile,  sings  a  me- 
lodious elegy,  flaps  its  wings  to  fan  the 
fire,  and  is  burnt  to  ashes. 

The  enchanted  pile  of  that  lonely  bird 
Who  sings  at  the  last  his  own  death-lay, 
And  in  music  and  perfume  dies  aw;iy. 
T.  Moore,  Lalla  liookA  ("  Paradise  and  the  Perl,"  1817). 

The  phcenix  has  appeared  five  times  in 
Egypt :  (1)  in  the  reign  of  Sesostris  ;  (2) 
in  the  reign  of  Am&sis;  (3)  in  the  reign 
of  Ptolemy  Philadelphos ;  (4)  a  little 
prior  to  the  death  of  Tiberius  ;  and  (5) 
during  the  reign  of  Constantino.  Tacitus 
mentions  the  first  three  (Annates,  vi.  28). 

PlO.  In  the  fore  feet  of  pigs  is  a  very 
small  hole,  which  may  be  seen  when  the 
pig  is  dead  and  the  hair  carefully  re- 
moved. The  legend  is  that  the  devils 
made  their  exit  from  the  swine  through 
the  fore  feet,  and  left  these  holes.  There 
are  also  6ix  very  minute  rings  round 
each  hole,  and  these  are  said  to  have 
been  made  by  the  devils'  claws  (Mark  v. 
11-13). 

When  pigs  carry  straws  in  their  mouth, 
rain  is  at  hand. 

When  swine  carry  bottles  of  hay  or  straw  to  hide  them, 
rain  is  at  hand.— The  Htubatidman't  rractice,  137  (1664). 

When  young  pigs  are  taken  from  the 
sow,  they  must  be  drawn  away  back- 
wards, or  the  sow  will  be  fallow. 

The  bacon  of  swine  killed  in  a  waning 
moon  will  waste  much  in  the  cooking. 

When  hogs  run  grunting  home,  a 
storm  is  impending. — The  Cabinet  of 
Mature,  2G2  (1637). 

It  is  unlucky  for  a  traveller  if  a  sow 
crosses  his  path. 

If,  going  on  a  journey  on  business,  a  sow  cross  the  road, 
you  will  most  with  a  disappointment!  if  not  an  accident, 
before  you  return  home.— Grose. 

To  meet  a  sow  with  a  litter  of  pigs  is 
very  lucky. 

If  a  sow  Is  Willi  her  Utter  of  pigs,  it  Is  lucky,  and  denote* 
sucoMsful  Journey. — Grose. 


Langley  tells  us  this  marvellous  bit  of 
etymology:  "The  bryde  anoynteth  the 
poostes  of  the  doores  with  swynes  grease, 
.  .  .  to  dryve  awaye  misfortune,  where- 
fore she  had  her  name  in  Latin  uxor, 
'  ab  ungendo'  [to  anoint]." — Translation 
of  Polydore  Vergil,  9. 

Pigeon.  If  a  white  pigeon  settles  on 
a  chimney,  it  bodes  death  to  some  one  in 
the  house. 

No  person  can  die  on  a  bed  or  pillow 
containing  pigeons'  feathers. 

If  anybody  be  sick  and  lye  a-dving.  If  they  [tie]  Ue 
upon  pigeons'  feathers  they  will  be  languishing  and  never 
die,  but  be  in  pain  and  torment. — lirituh  Apollo,  ii.  No. 
93  (1710). 

The  blue  pigeon  is  held  sacred  in 
Mecca. — Pitt. 

Pokcupine.  When  porcupines  are 
hunted  or  annoyed,  they  shoot  out  their 
quills  in  anger. 

Rat.  Rats  forsake  a  ship  before  a 
wreck,  or  a  house  about  to  fall. 

They  prepared 
A  rotten  carcass  of  a  boat ;  the  very  rati 
Instinctively  had  quit  it. 
Shakespeare,  The  Tempest,  act  L  sc  2  (1609). 

If  rats  gnaw  the  furniture  of  a  room, 
there  will  be  a  death  in  the  house  ere 
long. — Grose. 

*„*  The  bucklers  at  Lanuvium  being 
gnawed  by  rats,  presaged  ill  fortune,  and 
the  battle"  of  Marses,  fought  soon  after, 
confirmed  the  superstition. 

The  Romans  said  that  to  see  a  white 
rat  was  a  certain  presage  of  good  luck. 
— Pliny,  Natural  Jlistury,  viii.  57. 

Raven.     Ravens  are  ill-omened  birds. 

The  hoarse  night  raven,  trompe  of  doleful  dreere. 
Spenser. 

Ravens  seen  on  the  left  hand  side  of  a 
person  bode  impending  evil. 

Ssspe  sinistra  cava  pnedixit  ab  ilice  cornlx. 

Virgil.  Act..  I 

Ravens  call  up  rain. 

Hark 

How  the  curst  raven,  with  her  harmless  voice. 
Invokes  the  rain  1 

Smart,  Sop  Garden,  11.  (died  1770). 

When  ravens  [V  rooks]  forsake  a  wood, 
it  prognosticates  famine. 

This  is  because  ravens  bear  the  character  of  Saturn,  thi 
author  of  such  calamities.— A  thenian  Oracle  (supple 
ment,  476). 

Ravens  forebode  pestilence  and  death. 

Like  the  sad-presaging  raven,  that  tolls 
The  sick  man's  |«ss]>ort  in  her  hollow  beak. 
And,  in  the  shadow  of  the  silent  night. 
Does  shake  contagion  from  her  sable  wing. 

Marlowe,  The  Jew  of  Malta  (i«33). 

Ravens  foster  forsaken  children. 

Some  say  that  ravens  foster  forlorn  children, 
(t)  Shakespeare,  Titut  A  ndronicuj,  act  li.  sc.  3  (1593). 

It  is  said  that  king  Arthur  is  not  dead, 
but  is  only  changtd  into  a  raven,  aud 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


959 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


will  in  due  time  resume  his  propel  form 
and  rule  over  his  people  gloriously. 

The  raven  was  white  till  it  turned  tell- 
tale, and  informed  Apollo  of  the  faith- 
lessness of  Coronis.  Apollo  shot  the 
nymph  for  her  infidelity,  but  changed 
the  plumage  of  the  raven  into  inky 
blackness  for  his  officious  prating. — 
Ovid,  Metamorphoses,  ii. 

He  [Apollo]  blacked  the  raven  o'er, 

Anil  bid  him  prate  in  his  white  plumes  no  more. 

Addison's  Translation  of  Ovid,  it. 

If  ravens  gape  against  the  sun,  heat 
will  follow  ;  but  if  they  busy  themselves 
in  preening  or  washing,  there  will  be 
rain. 

Rem'ora.  A  fish  called  the  reuiora  can 
arrest  a  ship  in  full  sail. 

A  little  fish  that  men  call  remora. 
Which  stopped  her  course,  .  .  . 
That  wind  nor  tide  could  move  her. 

Spenser,  Sonnets  (1591). 

Robin.  The  red  of  a  robin's  breast  is 
produced  by  the  blood  of  Jesus.  While 
the  "Man  of  sorrows  "  was  on  His  way  to 
Calvary,  a  robin  plucked  a  thorn  from 
His  temples,  and  a  drop  of  blood,  falling 
on  the  bird,  turned  its  bosom  red. 

Another  legend  is  that  the  robin  used 
to  carry  dew  to  refresh  sinners  parched 
in  hell,  and  the  scorching  heat  of  the 
flames  turned  its  feathers  red. 

He  brings  cool  dew  In  his  little  bill. 

And  lets  it  fall  on  the  souls  of  sin  ; 
You  can  see  the  mark  on  his  red  breast  still, 

Of  fires  that  scorch  as  he  clmps  it  in. 

J.  G.  Whittier,  The  liobin. 

If  a  robin  finds  a  doad  body  unburied, 
it  will  cover  the  face  at  least,  if  not  the 
whole  body. — Grey,  On  Shakespeare,  ii. 
226. 

The  robins  so  red,  now  these  babies  are  dead, 
Kipc  strawberry  leaves  doUi  over  them  spread. 

liabct  in  the  Wood. 

It  is  unlucky  either  to  keep  or  to  kill 
*  robin.  J.  II.  Pott  says,  if  any  one 
attempts  to  detain  a  robin  which  has 
sought  hospitality,  let  him  "  fear  some 
new  calamity." — Poems  (1780). 

Salamander.  The  salamander  lives 
in  the  fire. 

Should  a  glass-house  fire  be  kept  up  without  extinc- 
tion for  more  than  seven  years,  there  is  nodoubt  but  that 
a  salamander  will  be  generated  in  the  cinders. — J.  P. 
Andrews,  A  necdotet,  etc.,  .1 M. 

The  salamander  seeks  the  hottest  fire 
©  breed  in,  but  soon  quenches  it  by  the 
extreme  coldness  of  its  body. — Pliny, 
Natural  History,  x.  07  ;  xxix.  4. 

Food  touched  by  a  salamander  is 
poisonous. — Ditto,  xxix.  23. 

Saliva.  The  human  saliva  is  a  cure 
for  blindness. — Ditto,  xxviii.  7. 

If  a  man  spits  on  a  serpent,  it  will  die. 
—Ditto,  yii.  2. 


The  human  saliva  is  a  charm  against 
fascination  and  witchcraft. 

Tli rice  on  my  breast  I  spit,  to  guard  me  safe 
From  fascinating  charms. 

Theocritoa, 
To  unbewitch  the   bewitched,  you    must  spit  into  the 
shoe  of  your  right  foot. — Scot,  Ditcoverie  of  IIUcAernfl 
(15(W). 

Spitting  for  luck  is  a  most  common 
superstition. 

Fishwomen  generally  spit  upon  their  hansel — Groat. 

A  blacksmith  who  has  to  shoe  a  stub- 
born horse,  spits  in  his  hand  to  drive  off 
the  "  evil  spirit." 

The  swarty  smith  spits  In  his  buckthome  flirt. 

Browne,  IJrUannia'i  Pattorult,  L 

If  a  pugilist  spits  in  his  hand,  his  blows 
will  be  more  telling. — Pliny,  Natural 
History,  xxviii.  7. 

Scorpion.  Scorpions  sting  themselves. 

Scorpions  have  an  oil  which  is  a 
remedy  for  their  stings. 

'Tis  true  the  scorpion's  oil  is  said 

To  cure  the  wounds  the  venom  made. 

S.  Butler,  lludibrat,  iii.  2  (1678). 

Spider.  It  is  unlucky  to  kill  a  money- 
spinner. 

Small  spiders,  called  •'money-spinners,"  prognosticate 
go.nl  luck,  if  they  urc  not  destroyed  or  removed  fruin  the 
person  on  whom  Uiey  attach  themselves.— Park. 

The  bite  of  a  spider  is  venomous. 

No  spider  will  spin  its  web  on  an  Irish 
oak. 

Spiders  will  never  set  their  webs  on  a 
cedar  roof.— Caughey,  Letters  (1845). 

Spiders  indicate  where  gold  is  to  be 
found.  (See  Spiders  Indicators  of 
Gold.) 

There  are  no  spiders  in  Ireland,  because 
St.  Patrick  cleared  the  island  of  all 
vermin. 

Spiders  envenom  whatever  they  touch. 

There  may  be  In  the  cup 
A  spider  Bteepedi  and  ana  mif  dunk,  depart! 
And  yet  partake  no  evil. 
Shakespeare.  II  int-  rt  rule,  act  II  sc  1  (1604). 

A  spider  enclosed  in  a  quilt  and  hung 
round  the  neck  will  cure  the  ague. — 
Mrs.  Delanv,  A  Letter  dated  March  1, 
1713. 

I  .  .  .  hung  three  spiders  about  my  neck,  and  they 
drove  my  ague  away.— lUias  Ashmole,  Inaru  lApril  11. 
ltWl). 

A  spider  worn  in  a  nutshell  round  the 
neck  is  a  cure  for  fever. 

Cured  by  the  wearing  a  spider  hung  round  one's  neck  In  • 

nutabeO. 

Longfellow,  Franvrline,  U.  (IMOl 

Spiders  spin  only  on  dark  days. 

The  subtle  spider  never  spins 
But  on  dark  day)  nil  slimy  gins. 

S.  BuUer,  On  a  Aoncon.formltt,  r». 

Spiders  have  a  natural  antipathy  U> 
toads. 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


960 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


Stag.  Stags  draw,  by  their  breath,  ser- 
pents from  their  holes,  and  then  trample 
them  to  death.  (Hence  the  stag  has 
been  used  to  symbolize  Christ.) — Pliny, 
Hatural  History,  viii.  50. 

Stork.     It  is  unlucky  to  kill  a  stork. 

According  to  Swedish  legend,  a  stork 
fluttered  round  the  cross  of  the  crucified 
Redeemer,  crying,  Styrke  1  styrke! 
("  Strengthen  ye  !  strengthen  ye  !  "),  and 
was  hence  called  the  styrk  or  stork,  but 
ever  after  lost  its  voice. 

Swallow.  According  to  Scandi- 
navian legend,  this  bird  hovered  over 
the  cross  of  Christ,  crying,  Stale !  stale  ! 
("Cheer  up!  cheer  up  !  "),  and  hence  it 
received  the  name  of  svale  or  swallow, 
"  the  bird  of  consolation." 

If  a  swallow  builds  on  a  house,  it 
brings  good  luck. 

The  swallow  is  said  to  bring  home  from 
the  sea-shore  a  stone  which  gives  sight  to 
fcer  fledglings. 

Becking  with  eager  eyes  that  wondrous  stone  which  the 

swallow 
Brings  bom  the  shore  of  the  sea,  to  restore  Uie  sight  of 

its  fledglings. 

Longfellow.  Evangeline,  L  1  (184D). 

To  kill  a  swallow  is  unlucky. 
When  swallows  fly  high,  the  weather 
will  be  fine. 

When  swallows  fleet  soar  high  and  sport  in  air, 
lie  told  us  that  the  welkin  would  he  clear. 

Gay,  Pastoral,  L  (1714). 

Swan.  The  swan  retires  from  obser- 
vation when  about  to  die,  and  sings  most 
melodiously. 

Swans,  a  little  before  their  death,  sing  most  sweetly. — 
Pliny,  Aatural  Uiitory,  x.  Z). 

The  swanne  cannot  hatch  without  a  crarke  of  thunder. 
—Lord  Northampton,  L»jentive,  etc.  (1583). 

Tarantula.  The  tarantula  is  poi- 
sonous. 

The  music  of  a  tarantula  will  cure  its 
venomous  bite. 

Toad.  Toads  spit  poison,  but  they 
carrv  in  their  head  an  antidote  thereto. 

.  .  .  the  toad  ugly  and  venomous. 
Wears  yet  a  precious  jewel  in  Its  head. 
Shakespeare,  At  lou  Like  It,  act  il.  sc.  }  (1800). 

In  the  dog  days,  toads  never  open 
their  mouths. 

Toads  are  never  found  in  Ireland,  be- 
cause St.  Patrick  cleared  the  island  of  all 
Vermin. 

Unicorn.  Unicoms  can  be  caught 
only  by  placing  a  virgin  in  their  haunts. 

The  horn  of  a  unicorn  dipped  into  a 
liquor  will  show  if  it  contains  poison. 

Viper.  Young  vipers  destroy  their 
mothers  when  they  come  to  birth. 

Weasel.  To  meet  a  weasel  is  unlucky. 
— Congreve,  Love  for  Love. 

You  never  catch  a  weasel  asleep. 


Wolf.  If  a  wolf  sees  a  man  before 
the  man  sees  the  wolf,  he  will  be  struck 
dumb. 

Men  are  sometimes  changed  into 
wolves. — Pliny,  Natural  History. 

When.  If  any  one  kills  a  wren,  he 
will  break  a  bone  before  the  year  is  out. 

Miscellaneous.  No  animal  dies  near 
the  sea,  except  at  the  ebbing  of  the  tide. 
— Aristotle. 

'A  parted  even  just  between  twelve  and  one.  e'en  at  the 
turning  o'  the  title. — Shakespeare,  Henry  I",  act  ii.  sc  3 
(FalstaiTs  death.  1S»). 

Superstitions  about  Precious 
Stones. 

R.  B.  means  Rabbi  Bcnonl  (fourteenth  century) ;  & 
means  Streeter,  Precuju*  atone*  (1877). 

Agate  quenches  thirst,  and,  if  held 
in  the  mouth,  allays  fever. — R.  15. 

It  is  supposed,  at  least  in  fable,  to 
render  the  wearer  invisible,  and  also  to 
turn  the  sword  of  foes  against  themselves. 

The  agate  is  an  emblem  of  health  and 
long  life,  and  is  dedicated  to  June.  In 
the  Zodiac  it  stands  for  Scorpio. 

Amber  is  a  cure  for  sore  throats  and 
all  glandular  swellings. — R.  15. 

It  is  said  to  be  a  concretion  of  birds' 
tears. — Chambers. 

Around  thee  shall  glisten  the  loveliest  amber 
That  ever  the  sorrowing  sea-bird  hath  wept 
T.  Moore,  Lolla  Kookh  ["  Fire- Worshippers,"  1817). 

The  birds  which  wept  amber  were  the 
sisters  of  Meleager,  called  MeteagrJdes, 
who  never  ceased  weeping  for  their 
brother's  death. — Pliny,  Natural  History, 
xxxvii.  2,  11. 

Amethyst  banishes  the  desire  of 
drink,  and  promotes  chastity. — R.  15. 

The  Greeks  thought  that  it  counteracted 
the  effects  of  wine. 

The  amethyst  is  an  emblem  of  humility 
and  sobriety.  It  is  dedicated  to  February 
and  Venus.  In  the  Zodiac  it  stands  for 
Sagittarius,  in  metallurgy  for  copper,  in 
Christian  art  it  is  given  to  St.  Matthew, 
and  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  it  is  set 
in  the  pastoral  ring  of  bishops,  whence  it 
is  called  the  M  prelate's  gem,"  or  picrre 
de'veque. 

Cat's-ete,  considered  by  the  Cingalese 
as  a  charm  against  witchcraft,  and  to  be 
the  abode  of  some  genii. — S.,  168. 

Coral,  a  talisman  against  enchant- 
ments, witchcraft,  thunder,  and  other 
perils  of  flood  and  field.  It  was  con- 
secrated to  Jupiter  and  Phoebus. — S., 
233. 

Red  coral  worn  about  the  person  is  a 
certain  cure  for  indigestion. — R.  15. 

Cuysiai,  induces  visions,  promotes 
sleep,  and  ensures  good  dreams. — R.  B. 


SUPERSTITIONS. 


961 


SURFACE. 


It  is  dedicated  to  the  moon,  and  in 
metallurgy  stands  for  silver. 

DjAMCJND  produces  somnambulism,  and 
promotes  spiritual  ecstasy. — R.  B. 

The  diamond  is  an  emblem  of  inno- 
cence, and  is  dedicated  to  April  and  the 
sun.  In  the  Zodiac  it  stands  for  Virgo, 
in  metallurgy  for  gold,  in  Christian  art 
invulnerable  faith. 

Emerald  promotes  friendship  and 
constancy  of  mind. — R.  B. 

If  a  serpent  fixes  its  eyes  on  an 
emerald,  it  becomes  blind. — Ahmed  ben 
Abdalaziz,  Treatise  on  Jewels. 

The  emerald  is  an  emblem  of  success 
in  love,  and  is  dedicated  to  May.  In  the 
Zodiac  it  signifies  Cancer.  It  is  dedicated 
to  Mars,  in  metallurgy  it  means  iron,  and 
in  Christian  art  is  given  to  St.  John. 
Garnet  preserves  health  and  joy. — R.  B. 

The  garnet  is  an  emblem  of  constancy, 
and,  like  the  jacinth,  is  dedicated  to 
January. 

This  was  the  carbuncle  of  the  ancients, 
•which  they  said  gave  out  light  in  the  dark. 

Loadstone  produces  somnambulism. 
— R.  B. 

It  is  dedicated  to  Mercury,  and  in 
metallurgy  means  quicksilver. 

Moonstone  has  the  virtue  of  making 
trees  fruitful,  and  of  curing  epilepsy. — 
Dioscorldus. 

It  contains  in  it  an  image  of  the  moon, 
representing  its  increase  and  decrease 
every  month. — Andreas  Baccius. 

Onyx  contains  in  it  an  imprisoned 
devil,  which  wakes  at  sunset  and  causes 
terror  to  the  wearer,  disturbing  sleep 
with  ugly  dreams. — R.  B. 

Cupid,  with  the  sharp  point  of  his 
arrows,  cut  the  nails  of  Venus  during 
sleep,  and  the  parings,  falling  into  the 
Indus,  sank  to  the  bottom  and  turned 
into  onyxes. — S.,  212. 

In  the  Zodiac  it  stands  for  Aquarius ; 
some  say  it  is  the  emblem  of  August  and 
conjugal  lore;  in  Christian  art  it  sym- 
bolizes sincerity. 

Opal  is  fatal  to  love,  and  sows  discord 
between  the  giver  and  receiver. — R.  B. 

Given  as  an  engagement  token,  it  is 
sure  to  bring  ill  luck. 

The  opal  is  an  emblem  of  hope,  and  is 
dedicated  to  October. 

Ruby.  The  Burmese  believe  that  rubies 
ripen  like  fruit.  They  say  a  ruby  in  its 
crude  state  is  colourless,  and,  as  it  matures, 
changcu  first  to  yellow,  then  to  green, 
then  to  blue,  and  lastly  to  a  brilliant  red, 
its  highest  state  of  perfection  and  ripe- 
ness.— S.,  142. 

41 


The  ruby  signifies  Aries  in  the  Zodiacal 
signs  ;  but  some  give  it  to  December,  and 
make  it  the  emblem  of  brilliant  success. 

SAPPHIRE  produces  somnambulism, 
and  impels  the  wearer  to  all  good  works. 
— R.  B. 

In  the  Zodiac  it  signifies  Leo,  and  in 
Christian  art  is  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew, 
emblematic  of  his  heavenly  faith  and 
good  hope.    Some  give  this  gem  to  April. 

Topaz  is  favourable  to  hemorrhages, 
imparts  strength,  and  promotes  digestion. 
— R.  B. 

les  anciens  regardaient  Li  topazo  corame  utile  contra 
l'epilepsic  et  la  in61aucolie. — Bouillet,  Diet.  Univ.  del 
Sciences,  etc.  (1855). 

The  topaz  is  an  emblem  of  fidelity,  and 
is  dedicated  to  November.  In  the  Zodiac 
it  signilies  Taurus,  and  in  Christian  art  is 
given  to  St.  James  the  Less. 

Tukquoise,  given  by  loving  hands, 
carries  with  it  happiness  and  good  fortune. 
Its  colour  always  pales  when  the  well- 
being  of  the  giver  is  in  peril. — S.,  170. 

The  turquoise  is  an  emblem  of  pros- 
perity, and  is  dedicated  to  December. 
It  is  dedicated  to  Saturn,  and  stands  for 
lead  in  metallurgy. 

A  bouquet  composed  of  diamonds, 
loadstones,  and  sapphires  combined,  ren- 
ders a  person  almost  invincible  and 
wholly  irresistible. — R.  B. 

All  precious  stones  are  purified  by 
honey. 

All  kinds  of  precious  stones  cast  into  honey  become 
more  brilliaut  thereby,  each  according  to  its  colour,  and 
all  persons  become  more  acceptable  when  they  join  do- 
votion  to  their  graces.  Household  cares  are  sweetened 
thereby,  love  is  more  loving,  and  business  becomes  more 
pleasant.— S.  Francis  de  Salis,  The  Devout  Life,  iii.  13 
(1708). 

Supporters  in  Heraldry  repre- 
sent the  pages  who  supported  the  ban  n  it. 
These  pages,  before  the  Tudor  period, 
were  dressed  in  imitation  of  the  beasts, 
etc.,  which  typified  the  bearings  or  cog- 
nizances of  their  masters. 

Sura,  any  one  ethical  revelation ;  thus 
each  chapter  of  the  Koran  is  a  Sura. 

Hypocrites  are  apprehensive  lest  a  Sura  should  be 
revealed  respecting  them,  to  declare  unto  them  that 
which  is  in  their  hearts. — At  Kortln,  ix. 

Surface  (Sir  Oliver),  the  rich  uncle 
of  Joseph  and  Charles  Surface.  He  ap- 
pears under  the  assumed  name  of  Pre- 
mium Stanley. 

Charles  Surface,  a  reformed  scape- 
grace, and  the  accepted  lover  of  Maria 
the  rich  ward  of  sir  Peter  Teazle.  In 
Charles,  the  evil  of  his  character  was  all 
on  the  surface. 

William  Smith  [173rt-1790J.  To  portray  upon  the  stxitt 
a  nuui  of  the  true  school  of  gentility  required  prctanslo— 

3  Q 


8URGE0N'S  DAUGHTER. 


9C2 


SUTOR. 


tt  no  ordinary  kind,  and  Smith  possessed  these  In  a 
•bigular  de^Tee,  civinR  to  "Cli:irlcs  Surface"  all  that 
finish  which  acquired  fur  him  the  ilistinction  of  "  Gentle- 
man Smith."— it/e  of  Sheridan  (Bonn's  edit.). 

Joseph  Surface,  elder  brother  of  Charles, 
an  artful,  malicious,  but  sentimental 
knave  ;  so  plausible  in  speech  and  man- 
ner as  to  pass  for  a  "  youthful  miracle 
of  prudence,  good  sense,  and  benevo- 
lence." Unlike  Charles,  his  ijood  was  all 
on  the  surface. — Sheridan,  School  for 
Scandal  (1777). 

John  Palmer  (17-17-1708)  was  so  ad- 
mirable in  this  character  that  he  was 
called  emphatically  "  The  Joseph  Sur- 
face." 

Surgeon's  Daughter  ( The),  a  novel 
by  sir  Walter  Scott,  laid  in  the  time  of 
George  II.  and  III.,  and  published  in 
1827.  The  heroine  is  Menie  Gray, 
daughter  of  Dr.  Gideon  Gray  of  Middle- 
mas.  Adam  Hartley,  the  doctor's  appren- 
tice, loves  her,  but  Menie  herself  has 
given  her  heart  t<>  Richard  Middleman. 
It  so  falls  out  that  Richard  Middleman 
goes  to  India.  Adam  Hartley  also  goes 
to  India,  and,  as  Dr.  Hartley,  rises  high 
in  his  profession.  One  day,  being  sent 
for  to  visit  a  sick  fakir',  he  sees  Menie 
Gray  under  the  wing  of  Mde.  Montre- 
ville.  Her  father  had  died,  and  she  had 
come  to  India,  under  madame's  escort,  to 
marry  Richard  ;  hut  Richard  had  en- 
trapped the  girl  for  a  concubine  in  the 
haram  of  Tippoo  Saib.  When  Dr.  Hart- 
ley heard  of  this  scandalous  treachery, 
he  told  it  to  Ilyder  Ali,  and  the  fattier  of 
Tippoo  Saib,  who  were  so  disgusted  at 
the  villainy  that  they  condemned  Richard 
Middlemas  to  be  trampled  to  death  by 
a  trained  elephant,  and  liberated  Menie, 
who  returned  to  her  native  country  under 
the  escort  of  Dr.  Hartley. 

Surgery  (Father  of  French),  Ambroso 
Pard  (1517-1590). 

Surly,  a  gamester  and  friend  of  sir 
Epicure  Mammon,  but  a  disbeliever  in 
alchemy  in  general,  and  in  "doctor" 
Subtle  in  particular. — Ben  Jonson,  The 
Alchemist  (1610). 

Surplus  (Mr.),  a  lawyer,  Mrs.  Sur- 
plus, and  Charles  Surplus  the  nephew. 
— J.  M.  Morton,  A  Regular  J'ix. 

Surrey  (  White),  name  of  the  horse 
used  by  Richard  111.  in  the  battle  of 
Bosworth  Field. 

Saddle  White  Snm-y  tor  the  field  to-morrow. 
Bhakapeare,  King  fffdkard  in.  an  v.  sc  3  115U7). 

Surtur,  ft  formidable  giant,  who  is 
to  set  lire  to  the  universe  at  Kiigtiarok, 


with  flames  collected  from  Muspelheim. 
— Scandinavian  Mythology. 

Sur'ya  (2  syl.),  the  sun-god,  whose 
car  is  drawn  by  seven  green  horses,  the 
charioteer  being  Dawn. — Sir  W.  Jones, 
From  the  Veda. 

Susan  means  "white  lily."  Susannah, 
"  my  white  lily."  Susa,  in  Persia,  re- 
ceived its  name  from  its  white  lilieo- 
(Jlcijrew  and  Persian.) 

Susanna,  the  wife  of  Joacirc.  She 
was  accused  of  adultery  by  the  Jewish 
elders,  and  condemned  to  death ;  but 
Daniel  proved  her  innocence,  and  turned 
the  criminal  charge  on  the  elders  them- 
selves.— Ilistttry  of  Susanna. 

Susannah,  in  Sterne's  novel  entitled 
The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy, 
Gentleman  (1769). 

Suspicious  Husband  (The),  a 
comedy  by  Dr.  lloadly  (1717).  Mr. 
Strictland  is  suspicious  of  his  wife,  his 
ward  Jacintha,  and  Clarinda  a  young 
lady  visitor.  With  two  attractive  young 
ladies  in  the  house,  there  is  no  lack  of 
intrigue,  and  Strictland  fancies  that  his 
wife  is  the  object  thereof;  but  when  he 
discovers  his  mistake,  lie  promises  reform. 

Sussex  ( The  carl  of),  a  rival  of  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  in  the  court  of  queen 
Elizabeth  ;  introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in 
A  (Htt  worth. 

Sut'leme'me  (4  syl.),  a  young  lady 
attached  to  the  suite  of  Nouron'ihar  tho 
emir's  daughter.  She  greatly  excelled 
in  dressing  a  salad. 

Sutor.  Ne  sidor  supra  Crepldam.  A 
coldder,  having  detected  an  error  in  the 
shoe-latchet  of  a  statue  made  by  Apellcs, 
became  so  puffed  up  with  conceit  that 
he  proceeded  to  criticize  the  legs  also  ; 
but  Apelles  said  to  him,  "  Stick  to  the 
last,  friend."  The  cobbler  is  qualified  to 
pass  an  opinion  on  shoes,  but  anatomy 
is  quite  another  thing. 

lioswcll,  one  night  sitting  in  the  pit  of 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  with  his  friend 
Dr.  Blair,  gave  an  imitation  of  ft  cow 
lowing,  which  the  house  greatly  ap- 
plauded. He  then  ventured  another  imi- 
tation, but  failed  ;  whereupon  the  doctor 
turned  to  him  and  whispered  in  his  ear, 
"  Stick  tc  the  cow." 

A  wigmakcr  sent  a  copy  of  verses  to 
Voltaire,  asking  for  his  candid  opinion 
on  some  poetry  he  had  perpetrated.  The 
witty  patriarch  of  Forney  wrote  on  the 
MS.,  "Make  wigs,"  and  returned  it  to 
the  barber-poet. 


SUTTON. 


9G3 


SWANE. 


Sutton  (Sir  William),  uncle  of  Hero 
Sutton  the  City  maiden. — S.  Knowles, 
Wviuan's  Wd,  etc.  (1838). 

Suwarrow  (Alexander),  a  Russian 
general,  noted  for  his  slaughter  of  the 
Poles  in  the  suburbs  of  Warsaw  in  1794, 
and  the  still  more  shameful  butchery  of 
them  on  the  bridge  of  Prague.  After 
having  massacred  30,000  in  cold  blood, 
Suwarrow  went  to  return  thanks  to  God 
"  for  giving  him  the  victory."  Camp- 
bell, in  his  Pleasures  of  Hope,  i.,  refers 
to  this  butchery  ;  and  lord  Byron,  in  Dun 
Juan,  vii.,  8,  55,  to  the  Turkish  expedi- 
tion (1786-1792). 

A  town  which  did  a  famous  siege  endure  .  .  . 
By  Suvaroff  or  Anijlicu  Suwarrow. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  vii.  8  (1824). 

Suzanne,  the  wife  of  Chalomel  the 
chemist  and  druggist.  —  J.  Ii.  Ware, 
Piperman's  Predicament. 

Swallow  Stone.  The  swallow  is 
said  to  bring  home  from  the  sea-shore  a 
stone  which  gives  sight  to  her  fledglings. 

Oft  in  the  barns  they  climbed  to  the  populous  nests  on 

the  rafters. 
Seeking  with  eager  eyes  that  wondrous  stone  which  the 

swallow 
firings  from  the  shore  of  the  sea,  to  restore  the  sight  of  its 

fledglings. 

Longfellow,  Evmngcline,  I.  1  (1849). 

Swallow's  Nest,  the  highest  of  the 
four  castles  of  the  German  family  called 
Landschaden,  built  on  a  pointed  rock 
almost  inaccessible.  The  founder  was  a 
noted  robber-knight.  (See  "Swallow," 
p.  960.) 

Swan.  Fionnunla,  daughter  of  Lir, 
was  transformed  into  a  swan,  and  con- 
demned to  wander  for  many  hundred 
years  over  the  lakes  and  rivers  of  Ire- 
land, till  the  introduction  of  Christianity 
into  that  island. 

T.  Moore  has  a  poem  on  this  subject  in 
his  Irish  Melodies,  entitled  "The  Song  of 
Fionnuala"  (1814). 

Swan  (The),  called  the  bird  of  Apollo 
or  of  Orpheus  (2  syl.).  (See  "  Swan," 
p.  960.) 

Sican  (The  knight  of  the),  Ilelias  king 
of  Lyleforte,  son  of  king  Oriant  and 
Beatrice.  This  Beatrice  had  eight  chil- 
dren at  a  birth,  one  of  which  was  a 
daughter.  The  mother-in-law  (Mata- 
brrrae)  stole  these  children,  and  changed 
all  of  them,  except  Ilelias,  into  swans. 
Ilelias  spent  all  his  life  in  quest  of  his 
sister  and  brothers,  that  he  might  dis- 
enchant them  and  restore  them  to  their 
human  forms.  —  Thorns,  Early  English 
Prose  Romances,  iii.  (1858). 


Eostachltu  renit  nd  Bullion  ad  domum  dudme  qua 
uxor  mil  militis  qui  vocabatur  "  Milos  Uygui." — KeuTen- 
berg,  Le  Chevalier  au  Cyi/ne. 

Swan  (The  Mantuan),  Virgil,  born  at 
Mantua  (u.c.  70-19). 

Swan  (The  Order  of  the).  This  order 
was  instituted  by  Frederick  II.  of  Bran- 
denburg, in  commemoration  of  the 
mythical  "  Knight  of  the  Swan  "  (1443). 

Swan  Alley,  London.  So  called 
from  the  Beauchamps,  who  at  one  time 
lived  there,  and  whose  cognizance  is  a 
swan. 

Swan-Tower  of  Cleves.  So  called 
because  the  house  of  Cleves  professed  to 
be  descended  from  the  "  Knight  of  the 
Swan  "  (q.v.). 

Swan  of  Avon  (Tlie  Sweet).  Shake- 
speare was  so  called  by  Ben  Jonson 
(1564-1616). 

Swan  of  Canibray,  Fenelon  arch- 
bishop of  Cambray  (1651-1715). 

Swan  of  Lichfield,  Miss  Anna 
Seward,  poetess  (1747-1809). 

Swan  of  Padua,  count  Francesco 
Algarotti  (1712-1764). 

Swan  of  the  Meander,  Homer,  a 
native  of  Asia  Minor,  where  the  Meander 
flows  (fl.  B.C.  950). 

Swan  of  the  Thames,  John 
Taylor,  "  water-poet  "  (1580-1654). 

Taylor,  their  better  Charon,  lends  an  oar, 
Once  Swan  of  Thames,  tho'  now  he  sings  no  mora, 
Pope,  The  Dunciad.  iii.  1U  (172S). 

Swans  and  Thunder.  It  is  said 
that  swans  cannot  hatch  without  a  crack 
of  thunder.  Without  doubt,  thunder  is 
not  unfrequent  about  the  time  of  the  year 
when  swans  hatch  their  young. 

Swane  (1  syl.)  or  Swegen,  sur- 
named  "Fork-Beard,"  king  of  the  Danes, 
joins  Alaff  or  Olaf  [Tryggvcsson]  in  an 
invasion  of  England,  was  acknowledged 
king,  and  kept  his  court  at  Gainshury. 
He  commanded  the  monks  of  St. 
Edmund's  Bury  to  furnish  him  a  large 
sum  of  money,  and  as  it  was  not  forth- 
coming, went  on  horseback  at  the  head  of 
his  host  to  destroy  the  minster,  when  he 
was  stabbed  to  (hath  by  an  unknown 
hand.  The  legend  is  that  the  murdered 
St.  Edmund  rose  from  his  grave  and 
smote  him. 

The  Danes  landed  here  again  .  .  . 

With  those  disordered  troops  by  Alaff  hither  led. 

In  seconding  their  Swane.  .  .  but  an  English  yet  ther* 

was  .  .  . 
Who  washed  bis  sorjvt  knife  In  Swane's  relentless  gore. 
Drayton.  Vvlyulbii/n,  iii.  (161S) 


SWAN8T0N. 


964 


SWIMMERS. 


Swanston,  a  smuggler.  —  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Redgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Swaran,  king  of  Lochlin  (Denmark), 
Bun  and  successor  of  Stnrno.  He  invaded 
Ireland  in  the  reign  of  Cormac  II.  (a 
minor),  and  defeated  Cuthullin  general 
of  the  Irish  forces.  When  Kingal  arrived, 
the  tide  of  battle  was  reversed,  and 
Swaran  surrendered.  Fingal,  out  of  love 
to  Agandecca  (Swaran'a  s:?ter),  who  once 
saved  his  life,  dismissed  the  vanquished 
king  with  honour,  after  having  invited 
him  to  a  feast.  Swaran  is  represented  as 
fierce,  proud,  and  high-spirited ;  but 
Fingal  as  calm,  moderate,  and  generous. 
— Ostian,  Fiii-jut. 

Swash-Buckler  (A),  a  riotoaa, 
quarrelsome  person.    Nash  says  to  Gabriel 

Harvey:  "  Turps  tenex  miles,  'tis  time 
for  such  an  olde  fool  to  leave  playing  the 
swash-buckler "  (1598). 

S"wedenborgian8  (called  by  them- 
selves "The  New  Jerusalem  Church"). 
They  are  believers  in  the  doctrines  taught 
by  Dr.  Emanuel  Swedenborg  (1688- 
1772).  Their  views  respecting  salvation, 
the  inspiration  of  the  Bible,  future  life, 

and  the  trinity,  differ  widely  from  Eh.OM 
of  other  Christians.  In  regard  to  the 
trinity,  they  believe  it  to  be  centred  in 
the  person  of  Jeans  Christ. — Supplied  by 
the  Auxiliary  Sew  Church  Missionary  and 
Tract  Society. 

Swedish  Nightingale      (37«7), 

Jenny     land,  the    public    singer.      She 

married  Mr.  Goldschmidt,  and  retired 
(1821-        ). 

Swee'dlepipe  (Paul),  known  as 
"  Poll,"  barber  and  bird-fancier  ;  Mrs. 
Gamp's  landlord.  He  is  a  little  man, 
with  a  shrill  voice  but  a  kind  heart,  in 
appearance  "  not  unlike  the  birds  he  was 
bo  fond  of."  Mr.  Sweedlepipe  entertains 
a  profound  admiration  of  Bailey,  senior, 
whom  he  considers  to  be  a  cyclopedia 
"  of  all  the  stable-knowledge  of  the  time." 
— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Sweopclean  (AmaoVr*),  a  king's 
messenger  at  Knockwinnack  Castle. — 
.Sir  W.  Scott,  'The  Ant.jttinj  (time, 
George  III.). 

Sweet  Singer  of  Israel  (The), 
David,  who  wrote  several  of  the  psalms. 

Sweet   Singer  of  the  Temple, 

|  iithor  of  a  poem  called 

The  Temple  (1593  1688). 

SwuilO,  sou  of  the  king  of  Denmark. 


While  bringing  succours  to  Godfrey,  he 
was  attacked  in  the  night  by  Bolymaa, 
at  the  head  of  an  army  of  Arabs,  and 
himself  with  all  his  followers  were  left 
dead  before  they  reached  the  crusaders. 
Sweno  was  buried  in  a  marble  sepulchre, 
which  appeared  miraculously  on  the  field 
of  battle,  expressly  forhis  interment  (bk. 
viii.). — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

Sweno.  Dud  r>  -  -  ti '111  .  ram  mille  qutneciitls  equltiliuj 
cruce iiMUtiiitln,  transniivm  ml ConstaiiUnopolem  Bosphoro 
Int. '  A:iti>>  hiiuo  ml  rth<|u<»  Ultimo  iter  faciebat  ;  in- 
flidiui  Turcorum  ad  unum  munea  cum  regio  juveiie  casi. — 
Paolo  Eimll.  MUory  11K1U). 

This  is  a  very  parallel  case  to  that  of 
Bhesua.  This  Thraeian  prince  was  on 
his  march  to  Troy,  bringing  succours  to 
Priam,  but  Ulysses  and  Dionied  attacked 
him  at  night,  slew  Khe.Mis  and  his  army, 
and  carried  olf  all  the  horses. — Homer, 
Iliad,  x. 

Swertha,  housekeeper  of  the  elder 
Mertoun  (formerly  a  pirate). — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Tiratc  (time,  William  III.). 

Swidger  ( William),  custodian  of  a 
His  wife  was  Milly,  and  his 
father  Philip.  Mr.  Swidger  was  a  great 
talker,  and  generally  began  with,  "  That's 
what  I  sav,"  a  propos  of  nothing. — C. 
Dickens,  the  Haunted  Man  (1848). 

Swim.  In  the  surim,  in  luck's  way. 
The  metaphor  is  borrowed  from  the 
Thames  fishermen,  who  term  that  part  of 
the  river  most  frequented  by  fiahtMMMH, 
and  when  an  angler  gets  no  bite,  he  is 
said  to  have  cast  his  line  out  of  the  swim 
or  where  there  is  no  strim. 

In  university  slang,  to  be  in  ill  luck, 
ill  health,  ill  replenished  with  money,  is 
to  be  out  of  it  (i.e.  the  swim). 

Swimmers.  Leander  used  to  Bwim 
across  the  Hellespont  every  night,  to  visit 
Hero. — Musitus,  Dc  Amure  llerois  el 
Lindri. 

Lord  llyron  and  lieutenant  Ekenhead 
accomplished  the  same  feat  in  1  hr.  10 
min.,  the  distance  (allowing  for  drift- 
ing) living  four  miles. 

A  young  native  of  St.  Croix,  in  1817, 
6wam  over  the  Sound  "from  Cronenburgh 
uVn/]  to  Graves"  in  2  hr.  40  min., 
the  distance  being  six  English  miles. 

Captain  lloyton,  in  May,  1875,  swam 
or  floated  across  the  Channel  from  Gristle/. 
to  1  an  Pay  (Kent)  in  23  hr. 

Captain  Webb,  August  24,  1875,  swam 
from  Dover  to  Calais,  a  distance  of 
alii'iit  thirty  miles  including  drift,  in  22 
hr.  40  min. 

II.  Gurr  was  one  of  the  best  swimmers 


SWING.  965 


ever  known.    J.  B.  Johnson,  in  1871,  won 
the  championship  for  swimming. 

Swing  (Captain),  a  name  assumed 
by  certain  persons  who,  between  1830 
and  1833,  used  to  send  threatening  letters 
to  those  who  used  threshing-machines. 
The  letters  ran  thus : 

Sir,  if  you  do  not  lay  by  your  threshing-machine,  you 
will  hear  from  Swing. 

Swiss  Family  Robinson.  This 
tale  is  an  abridgment  of  a  German  tale 
by  Joachim  Heinrich  Kampe. 

Switzerland  (Franconian),  the  cen- 
tral district  of  Bavaria. 

Switzerland  (The  Saxon),  the  district 
*»f  Saxony  both  sides  of  the  river  Elbe. 

Switzers,  guards  attendant  on  a 
king,  irrespective  of  their  nationality. 
So  called  because  at  one  time  the  Swiss 
were  always  ready  to  fight  for  hire. 

The  king,  in  Hamlet,  says,  "  Where  are 
my  Switzers  ?"  i.e.  my  attendants  ;  and  in 
Paris  to  the  present  day  we  may  see  written 
up,  Parlez  au  Suisse  ("speak  to  the 
porter"),  be  he  Frenchman,  German,  or 
of  any  other  nation. 

Law,  logicke,  and  the  Switzers  may  be  hired  to  fight 
for  anybody.  —  Nashe,  Christ's  Tears  over  Jerusalem 
(1594). 

Swiveller  (Mr.  Dick),  a  dirty,  smart 
young  man,  living  in  apartments  near 
Drury  Lane.  His  language  was  ex- 
tremely flowery,  and  interlarded  with 
quotations :  "  What's  the  odds,"  said 
Mr.  Swiveller,  a  propos  of  nothing,  "so 
long  as  the  fire  of  the  soul  is  kindled  at 
the  taper  of  conwiviality,  and  the  wing 
of  friendship  never  moults  a  feather?" 
His  dress  was  a  brown  body-coat  with  a 
great  many  brass  buttons  up  the  front, 
and  only  one  behind,  a  bright  check 
neckcloth,  a  plaid  waistcoat,  soiled  white 
trousers,  and  a  very  limp  hat,  worn  the 
wrong  side  foremost  to  hide  a  hole  in  the 
brim.  The  breast  of  his  coat  was  orna- 
mented with  the  cleanest  end  of  a  very 
large  pocket-handkerchief;  his  dirty 
wristbands  were  pulled  down  and  folded 
over  his  cuffs ;  he  had  no  gloves,  and 
carried  a  j'ellow  cane  having  a  bone 
handle  and  a  little  ring.  He  was  for 
ever  humming  some  dismal  air.  lie  said 
min  for  "man,"  forgit,  jine ; called  wine 
or  spirits  "  the  rosy,"  sleep  "  the  balmy," 
and  generally  shouted  in  conversation, 
.-is  it'  making  a  speech  from  the  chair  of 
the  "Glorious  Apollers"  of  which  he 
was  perpetual  "grand."  Mr.  Swiveller 
looked  amiably  towards  Miss  Sophy 
Waekles,    of  Chelsea.     Quilp  introduced 


SWORD. 

him  as  clerk  to  Mr.  Samson  Brass, 
solicitor,  Bevis  Marks.  By  Quilp's  re- 
quest, he  was  afterwards  turned  away, 
fell  sick  of  a  fever,  through  which  he  was 
nursed  by  "the  marchioness"  (a  poor 
house-drab),  whom  he  married,  and  was 
left  by  his  aunt  Rebecca  au  annuity  of 
£125. 

"  Is  that  a  reminder  to  go  and  pay  ? "  said  Trent,  with  ■ 
sneer.  "  Not  exactly,  Fred,"  replied  Richard.  "  I  enter 
in  this  little  l*H>k  the  names  of  the  streets  that  I  can't  go 
down  while  the  shops  are  open.  This  dinner  to-day  closet 
Long  Acre.  I  bought  a  pair  of  boots  in  Great  Queen 
Street  last  week,  and  made  that  '  no  thoroughfare'  too. 
There's  only  one  avenue  to  the  Strand  left  open  now. 
and  I  shall  hare  to  stop  up  that  to-night  witli  a  pair  of 
gloves.  The  roads  are  closing  so  fast  in  every  direction, 
that  in  at>out  a  month's  time,  unless  my  aunt  sends  me  a 
remittance,  I  shall  have  to  go  three  or  four  miles  out  of 
town  to  get  over  the  way."— -C.  Dickens,  The  Old 
Curiosity  Shop,  viii.  (1840). 

Sword.  (For  the  names  of  the  most 
famous  swords  in  history  and  fiction,  see 
Dictionary  of  Phrase  and  Fable,  8G9.) 
Add  the  following  : — 

Ali's  sword,  Zulfagar. 

Koll  the  Thrall's  sword,  named  Grey- 
steel. 

Ogier  the  Dane  had  two  swords,  made 
by  Munilican,  viz.,  Sauvagine  and  Cour- 
tain  or  Curtana. 

He  [Ogier\  drew  Courtain  his  sword  from  out  its  sheath. 
W.  Morris,  Earthly  Paradise,  634. 

Strong-o'-the-Arm  had  three  swords, 
viz.,  Baptism,  Florence,  and  Garban  made 
by  Ansias. 

Sword  (The  Marvel  of  the).  When 
king  Arthur  first  appears  on  the  scene, 
he  is  brought  into  notice  by  the  "Marvel 
of  the  Sword  ; "  and  sir  Galahad,  who 
was  to  achieve  the  holy  graal,  was  intro- 
duced to  knighthood  by  a  similar  adven- 
ture.    That  of  Arthur  is  thus  described  : 

In  the  greatest  church  of  London  .  .  .  there  was  seen 
In  the  churchyard  against  the  high  altar  a  great  stone, 
foursquare  like  to  a  marble  stone,  and  iii  the  midst  thereof 
was  an  anvil  of  steel  a  foot  in  height,  and  therein  stuck 
a  fair  sword  naked  by  the  point,  and  Utters  of  gold  wen 
written  about  the  sword  that  said  thus:  lt  ai  i 
out  this  sword  of  this  ttone  and  anri!,  is  rijhtwisc  king 
born  of  England.  [Arthur  was  the  only  perann  toKo 
COUld  draw  it  out.  and  so  he  was  acknowledged  to  be  the 
rightful  king.j—Vt.  i.  3,  4. 

The  sword  adventure  of  sir  Galahad,  at 
the  age  of  15,  is  thus  given  ; 

The  king  and  his  knights  came  to  the  river,  and  they 
found  there  a  stone  Boating,  as  it  had  been  of  red  marble, 
and  therein  Murk  a  fair  and  rich  sword,  »nd  in  the  pomell 
thereof  wero  precious  stones  wrought  witli  subtil  letters./ 
gold.  Then  the  barons  read  the  letters,  which  -said  Is 
this  wise :  Merer  shall  man  take  me  hence.  Inu  only  he 
by  whom  I  ought  to  hang,  and  he  shall  («■  the  A. .«  knight 
of  the  world.  [Sir  Galahad  drew  the  sword  easily,  bat 
no  other  knight  was  able  to  /,ull  it  forth.  | — SirT.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  iii.  30,  31  (1470). 

A  somewhat  similar  adventure  occurs 
in  the  Am&dis  de  Gaul.  Whoever  suc- 
ceeded in  drawing  from  a  rock  an  en- 
chanted sword,  was  to  gain  access  to  ■ 


SWORD. 

sobtenanean    treasure   (ch.   cxxx. ;    see 
also  ch.  lxxii.,  icix.). 

Sword  (The  Irresistible).  The  king  of 
Araby  and  Ind  sent  Cambuscan'  king  of 
Tartary  a  sword  that  would  pierce  any 
armour,  and  if  the  snrit*.  chose  he  could 
heal  the  wound  again  by  striking  it  with 
the  flat  of  the  blade. — Chaucer,  The 
Squire- s  Tale  (1388). 

Sword  and  tho  Maiden  (TJie). 
Soon  after  king  Arthur  succeeded  to  the 
throne,  a  damsel  came  to  Camelot  girded 
with  a  sword  which  no  man  defiled  by 
"  shame,  treachery,  or  guile  "  could  draw 
from  its  scabbard.  She  had  been  to  the 
court  of  king  Ryence,  but  no  knight  there 
could  draw  it.  King  Arthur  tried  to 
draw  it,  but  with  no  better  success ;  all 
his  knights  tried  also,  but  none  could 
draw  it.  At  last  a  poor  ragged  knight 
named  15aliu,  who  had  been  held  in  prison 
for  six  months,  made  the  attempt,  and 
drew  the  sword  with  the  utmost  ease,  but 
the  kniuhts  insisted  it  had  been  done  by 
witchcraft.  The  maiden  asked  sir  Iialin 
to  give  her  the  sword,  but  he  refused  to 
do  so,  and  she  then  told  him  it  would 
bring  death  to  himself  and  his  dearest 
friend  ;  and  so  »t  did  ;  for  when  he  and 
his  brother  Balan  jousted  together,  un- 
known to  each  other,  both  were  slain,  and 
were  buried  in  one  tomb. — Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  27-44 
(1470). 

Sword  in  the  City  Arms  (Lon- 
don). Stow  asserts  that  the  »word  or 
dagger  in  the  City  arms  was  not  added  in 
commemoration  of  Walworth's  attack 
on  Wat  Tyler,  but  that  it  represents  the 
6word  of  St.  Paul,  the  patron  saint  of 
London.  This  is  not  correct.  Without 
doubt  the  cognizance  of  the  City,  previous 
t"  1881,  was  St.  Paul's  sword,  but  after 
the  death  of  Tyler  it  was  changed  into 
Walworth's  dagger. 

Brave  Walworth,  knight,  lord  mayor,  that  slew 

Rebellious  Tyler  in  his  alarmes ; 
Die  king,  therefore,  did  give  him  In  lieu 
The  dagger  to  the  city  armes. 
rUhmongcri  Hall  (•■  Fourth  Year  of  Richard  II.,"  1381). 

Sword  of  God  (The).  Khaled,  the 
conqueror  of  Syria  (632-#),  was  60  called 
by  Mohammedans. 

Sword  of  Rome  {The),  Marcellus. 
Fa  bins  was  called  "The  Shield  of  Rome" 
(time  of  Hannibal's  invasion). 

Swordsman  (The  Handaome).  Jo- 
achim Mm  rat  was  called  Le  Beaut  Sabreur 
(1707-  1815). 

Sybaris,  a  riTci  of  Lucania,  in  Italy, 


966  SYLLA. 


whose  waters  had  the  virtue  of  restoring 
vigour  to  the  feeble  and  exhausted. — 
Pliny,  Natural  History,  XXXI.  ii.  10. 

Syb'arite  (3  syl.),  an  effeminate  man, 
a  man  of  pampered  self-indulgence. 
Seneca  tells  us  of  a  sybarite  who  could 
not  endure  the  nubble  of  a  folded  rose 
leaf  in  his  bed. 

[Her  bed]  softer  than  the  soft  sybarite's,  who  cried 
Aloud  because  his  feelings  were  too  tender 
To  brook  a  ruffled  rose  leaf  by  his  side 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  Ti.  89  (1834). 

Syc'orax,  a  foul  witch,  the  mistress  of 
Ariel  the  fairy  spirit,  by  whom  for  some 
offence  he  was  imprisoned  in  the  rift  of  a 
cloven  pine  tree.  After  he  had  been  kept 
there  for  twelve  years,  he  was  liberated 
by  Prospero,  the  rightful  duke  of  Milan 
and  father  of  Miranda.  Sycorax  was  the 
mother  of  Caliban. — Shakespeare,  The 
Tempest  (1609). 

If  you  bad  told  Sycorax  that  her  son  Caliban  was  u 
handsome  as  A(<ollo,  she  would  have  been  pleased,  witch 
as  she  was. — Thackeray. 

Those  fell  and  Impure  mists  which  their  pens,  like  the 
raven  win**  of  Sycorax,  had  brushed  from  fern  and  bog— ^ 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Drama. 

Syddall  (Anthony),  house-steward  at 
Osbaldistone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Hob 
Hoy  (time,  George  I.). 

Sydenham  (Charles),  the  frank, 
open-hearted,  trusty  friend  of  the  Wood- 
villes.— Cumberland,  T/ie  Wheel  of  For- 
tune (177'J). 

Syl,  a  monster  like  a  basilisk,  with 
human  face,  but  so  terrible  that  no  one 
could  look  on  it  and  live. 

Sylla  (Cornelius),  the  rival  of  Ma'rius. 
Reing  consul,  he  had  ex-ofjieio  a  right  to 
lead  in  the  Mithridatic  war  (n.c.  88),  but 
Murius  got  the  appointment  of  Sylla  set 
aside  in  favour  of  himself.  Sylla,  in 
dudgeon,  hastened  back  to  Rome,  and 
insisted  that  the  "  recall "  should  be 
reversed.  Marios  Bed.  Sylla  pursued 
the  war  with  success,  returned  to  Rome 
in  triumph,  and  made  a  wholesale  slaugh- 
ter of  the  Romans  who  had  opposed  him. 
As  many  as  7000  soldiers  and  5000 
private  citizens  fell  in  this  massacre,  anil 
all  their  goods  were  distributed  among 
his  own  partizans.  Sylla  was  now  called 
"  Perpetual  Dictator,"  but  in  two  yearn 
retired  into  private  life,  and  died  the 
year  following  (it.c.  78). 

Jouy  has  a  good  tragedy  in  French 
called   Sylla  (1822),  and  the  eliar.e  I 

"Sylla"  was  a  favourite  one  with  Talma, 
the  French  actor.  In  1694  Thomas 
Lodge  produced  his  historical  play  called 


SYLLI. 


907 


Wounds  of  Civil   War,  lively  set  forth  in 
the  True  Tragedies  of  Marius  and  Sylla. 

Sylli  (Sujnor),  an  Italian  exquisite, 
who  walks  fantastically,  talks  affectedly, 
and  thinks  himself  irresistible.  He  makes 
love  to  Cami'ola  "the  maid  of  honour," 
and  fancies,  by  posturing,  grimaces,  and 
affectation,  to  "  make  her  dote  on  him." 
He  says  to  her,  "In  singing,  I  am  a 
Siren,"  in  dancing,  a  Terpsichore.  "  He 
could  tune  a  ditty  lovely  well,'  and 
prided  himself  "on  his  pretty  ipider 
fingers,  and  the  twinkling  of  his  two 
eyes."  Of  course,  Camilla  sees  no  charms 
in  these  effeminacies  ;  but  the  conceited 
puppy  sava  he  "ia  not  so  sorry  for  him- 
self as  he  is  for  her"  that  she  rejects 
him.  Signor  Sylli  is  the  silliest  of  all 
the  Syllis.—  Massinger,  The  Maid  of 
J/„nour  (1637).     (See  Tappektit.) 

Sylvia,  daughter  of  justice  Balance, 
and  an  heiress.  She  is  in  love  with 
captain  Plume,  but  promised  her  father 
not  to  "dispose  of  herself  to  any  man 
without  his  consent."  As  her  father 
feared  Plume  was  too  much  a  libertine  to 
make  a  steady  husband,  he  sent  Sylvia 
into  the  country  to  withdraw  her  from 
his  society  ;  but  she  dressed  in  her 
brother's  military  suit,  assumed  the  name 
of  Jack  Wilful  alias  Pinch,  and  enlisted. 
When  the  names  were  called  over  by  the 
justices,  and  that  of  "Pinch"  was 
brought  forward,  justice  Balance  "  gave 
his  consent  for  the  recruit  to  dispose  of 
[himself]  to  captain  Plume,"  and  the 
permission  was  kept  to  the  letter,  though 
not  in  its  intent.  However,  the  matter 
had  gone  too  far  to  be  revoked,  and  the 
father  made  up  his  mind  to  bear  with 
grace  what  without  disgrace  he  could  not 
prevent.  — G.  Farquhar,  The  Recruiting 
Officer  (1705). 

I  am  troubled  neither  with  spleen,  cholic.  nor  vapours. 
I  need  no  salts  for  my  stomach,  no  hartshorn  for  my 
head,  nor  wash  for  my  complexion.  I  can  i;allop  all  the. 
morning  after  the  hunting-horn,  and  all  the  evening  after 
•  fiddle.— Act  i.  2. 

Sylvio  de  Rosalva  (Don),  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  novel  by  C.  M.  Wieland 
(1733-1813).  Don  Sylvio,  a  quixotic  be- 
liever in  fairyism,  is  gradually  converted 
to  common  sense  by  the  extravagant 
demands  which  are  made  on  his  belief, 
asaisted  by  the  charma  of  a  mortal 
beauty.  The  object  of  this  romance  is  a 
crusade  against  the  sentimentalism  and 
religious  foolery  of  the  period. 

Syrakyn  (Symond),  nicknamed  "Dis- 
dainful," a  miller,  living  atTrompington, 
near   Cambridge.     His   face  was  round, 


SYPHAX. 

his  nose  flat,  and  his  skull  "pilled  as  an 
ape's."  He  was  a  thief  of  corn  and  meal, 
but  stole  craftily.  His  wife  was  the 
village  parson's  daughter,  very  proud 
and  arrogant.  He  tried  to  outwit  Aleyn 
and  John,  two  Cambridge  scholars,  but 
was  himself  outwitted,  and  most  roughly 
handled  also.— Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales 
("The  Reeve's  Tale,"  1388). 

Symmes's  Hole.  Captain  John  Clevu 
Symmes  maintained  that  there  was,  at 
82°  N.  lat.,  an  enormous  opening  through 
the  crust  of  the  earth  into  the  globe. 
The  place  to  which  it  led  he  asserted  to 
be  well  stocked  with  animals  and  plants, 
and  to  be  lighted  by  two  under-ground 
planets  named  Pluto  and  Proserpine. 
Captain  Symmes  asked  sir  Humphrey 
Davy  to  accompany  him  in  the  explora- 
tion "of  this  enormous  "hole"  (*-18'29). 

Halley  the  astronomer  (1656-1742)  and 
Holberg  of  Norway  (1084-1754)  believed 
in  the  existence  of  this  hole. 

Symon'ides  the  Good,  king  of 
Pentap'olis.— Shakespeare,  Tericles  Tnnce 
of  Tyre  (1608). 

Symphony  (TJie  Father  of),  Francis 
Joseph  Haydn  (1732-1809). 

Symple'gades  (4  syl.),  two  rocks 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Euxine  Sea.  To 
navigators  they  sometimes  look  like  one 
rock,  and  sometimes  the  light  between 
shows  they  are  two.  Hence  the  ancient 
Greeks  said  that  they  opened  and  shut. 
Olivier  says  "they  appear  united  or 
joined  together  according  to  the  place 
whence  they  are  viewed." 

.  .  .  when  Argo  passed 
Through  Bosphorus,  betwixt  thejustling  rocks. 

Milton,  Paradiu  lost,  U.  1017  (16GS). 

Synia,  the  portress  of  Valhalla.— 
Scandinavian  Mythology. 

Syntax  (Dr.),  a  simple-minded, 
pious,  hen-pecked  clergyman,  green  as 
grass,  but  of  excellent  taste  and  scholar- 
ship, who  left  home  in  search  of  the 
picturesque.  His  adventures  are  told  by 
William  Coombe  in  eight- syllable  verse, 
called  The  Tour  of  Dr.  Syntax  in  Search 
of  the  Picturesque  (1812). 

Dr.  Syntax's  Horse  was  called  Grizzle, 
all  skin  and  bone. 

Synter'esis,  Conscience  personified. 

On  her  a  royal  damsel  still  attends, 
And  faithful  counsellor,  Synter'eeia. 
Phlneas  Fletcher,  The  I'urjdc  Island,  vL  (1633). 

Syphax,  chief  of  the  Arabs  who 
joined  the  Egyptian  armament  against 
the   crusaders!"    "The    voices   of    these 


SYPHAX. 


968 


TACKLETON. 


allies  were  feminine,  and  their  stature 
email."  —  Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered, 
xvii.  (1575). 

Sy'phax,  an  old  Numidian  soldier  in 
the  suite  of  prince  Juba  in  Utica.  He 
tried  to  win  the  prince  from  Cato  to  the 
side  of  Caesar  ;  but  Juba  was  too  much  in 
love  with  Marcia  (Cato's  daughter)  to 
listen  to  him.  Syphax  with  his  "  Nu- 
midian horse  "  deserted  in  the  battle  to 
Caesar,  but  the  "hoary  traitor"  was  slain 
by  Marcus,  the  son  of  Cato. — Addison, 
Cato  (1713). 

Syrinx,  a  nymph  beloved  by  Pan, 
and  changed  at  her  own  request  into  a 
reed,  of  which  Pan  made  his  pipe. — Greek 

Fable. 

Syrinx,  in  Spenser's  Eclogue,  iv.,  is 
Anne  Boleyn,  and  "Pan"  is  Henry  VIII. 
(1579). 


T. 

T.  Tusser  has  a  poem  on  Thriftincss, 
twelve  lines  in  length]  and  in  rhyme. 
every  word  of  which  begins  with  t  (died 
1580).    Leon    Placentitis,   a   domimcan, 

wrote  a  poem  in  Latin  hexameters,  called 
J'ugna  Porcorum,  253  lines  long,  every 
word  of  which  begins  withp  (died  1548). 

The  (lirlfly  that  tea. heth  the  thriving  to  thrive, 

Teach  timely  to  traverse,  the  thing  ih.it  thou  "trlve. 

Transferring  thy  tolling,  to  UmeUneai  taught, 

This  teachetb  thee  teiop'rance,  to  tamper  thy  thought 

Take  Trusty  (to  trust  *.•>)  tr,at  thlnkest  to  thee. 

That  trustify  thiifUnea  ti . ■  v. I e 1 1 1  to  thee. 

Tlion  temper  thy  tr.m-il.  to  tarry  the  tide; 

This  teacheth  thee  thrifuness,  twenty  times  tryod. 

Take  tliankfull  thy  talent,  thank  thankfully  those 

That  thriftily  tcacheth  [?  teach  tin*]  thy  tinio  to  trans- 

pose. 

Troth  twice  to  bo  teacheil,  teach  twenty  times  ton. 
This  trade  tliou  that  takest,  take  thrift  to  thee  then. 
Five  Hundred  Point*  of  Good  Husbandry,  xlix.  (1587). 

Taau,  the  god  of  thunder.  The 
natives  of  the  Hervey  Islands  believe 
that  thunder  is  produced  by  the  shaking 
of  Taau's  wings. — John  Williams,  Mis- 
sionary Enterprises  in  the  South  Sea 
Islands,  109  (1837). 

Tabakiera,  a  magic  snuff-box,  which, 
upon  being  opened,  said,  Que  quieresi 
("  What  do  you  want?") ;  and  upon  being 
told  the  wish,  it  was  there  and  then 
accomplished.  The  snuff-box  is  the 
counterpart  of  Aladdin's  lamp,  but 
appears  in  numerous  legends  slightly 
varied  (see  for  example  Campbell's  Tides 


of  the  West  Highlands,  ii.  293-303,  "  The 
Widow's  Son").— Rev.  W.  Webster, 
Basque  Legends,  94  (1876). 

Tabarin,  a  famous  vendor  of  quack 
medicines,  bom  at  Milan,  who  went  to 
Paris  in  the  seventeenth  century.  By  his 
antics  and  rude  wit,  he  collected  great 
crowds  together,  and  in  ten  years  (1620-30) 
became  rich  enough  to  buy  a  handsome 
chateau  in  Dauphine.  The  French  aris- 
tocracy, unable  to  bear  the  satire  of  a 
charlatan  in  a  chateau,  murdered  him. 

The  jests  and  witty  sayings  of  this 
farceur  were  collected  together  in  1622, 
and  published  under  the  title  of  L'lnven- 
taire  Universel  des  (Euvres  de  Tabarin, 
contenant  scs  Fantaisies,  Dialogues,  Para- 
doxes, Farces,  etc. 

In  1858  an  edition  of  his  works  was 
published  by  G.  Aventin. 

Tablets  of  Moses,  a  variety  of 
Scotch  granite,  composed  of  felspar  and 
quartz,  so  arranged  as  to  present,  when 
polished,  the  appearance  of  Hebrew 
characters  on  a  white  ground. 

Tachebrune  (2  syl.),  the  horse  of 
Ogier  le  Dane.  The  word  means  "brown 
spot." 

Taciturnian,  an  inhabitant  of  IS  Isle 
Taciturne  or  Taciturna,  meaning  London 
and  the  Londoners. 

A  thick  and  perpetual  vapour  covers  this  Island.  »ii4 
fills  the  souls  of  the  inhabitants  wiUi  a  certain  sad  n  en, 
misanthropy,  and  irksomeness  of  their  own  existence. 
Alaciel  [the  aeniut]  was  hardly  at  the  first  harriers  of  tht 
metropolis  when  he  fell  in  with  a  peasant  bending  under 
the  weight  of  a  bag  of  gold  .  .  .  hut  his  heart  was  sad 
and  gloomy  .  .  .  and  he  said  to  the  genius.  "  Joy  I  1  know 
It  not ;  I  never  heard  of  it  in  this  island." — De  la  Dixinie, 
L'ltlc  Taciturne  et  title  Knjouie  (175y). 

Tacket  (Tibb),  the  wife  of  old  Martin 
the  shepherd  of  Julian  Avenel  of  Avenel 
Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monastery 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Tackleton,  a  toy  merchant,  called 
Gruff  and  Tackleton,  because  at  one 
time  Gruff  had  been  his  partner;  he  had, 
however,  been  bought  out  long  ago. 
Tackleton  was  a  stern,  sordid,  grinding 
man  ;  ngly  in  looks,  and  uglier  in  his 
nature  ;  cold  and  callous,  selfish  and 
unfeeling ;  his  look  was  sarcastic  and 
malicious  ;  one  eye  was  always  wide 
open,  and  one  nearly  shut.  He  ougfc*  to 
have  been  a  money-lender,  a  sheriff's 
officer,  or  a  broker,  for  he  hated  children 
and  hated  playthings.  It  was  his 
greatest  delight  to  make  toys  which 
scared  children,  and  you  could  not  please 
him  better  than  to  say  that  a  toy  from 
his  warehouse  had  made  a  child  miserable 


TAFFRIL. 


9G9 


TAILLEFER. 


the  whole  Christmas  holidays,  and  hail 
been  a  nightmare  to  it  for  halt'  its  child- 
life.  This  amiable  creature  was  about  to 
marry  May  Fielding,  when  her  old  sweet- 
heart Edward  Plummer,  thought  to  be 
dead,  returned  from  South  America,  and 
married  her.  Tackleton  was  reformed  by 
Peerybingle,  the  carrier,  bore  his  disap- 
pointment manfully,  sent  the  bride  and 
bridegroom  his  own  wedding-cake,  and 
joined  the  festivities  of  the  marriage 
banquet. — C.  Dickens,  The  Cricket  on  tlw 
Hearth  (1845). 

Taffril  (Lieutenant),  of  H.M.  gun- 
brig  Search.  He  is  in  love  with  Jenny 
Caxton  the  milliner. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Taffy,  a  Welshman.  The  word  is 
simply  Davy  (David)  pronounced  with 
aspiration.  David  is  the  most  common 
Welsh  name;  Sawney  (Alexander),  the 
most  common  Scotch  ;  Pat  (Patrick), 
the  most  common  Irish  ;  and  John  (John 
Bull),  the  most  common  English.  So 
we  have  cousin  Michael  for  a  German, 
Micaire  for  a  Frenchman,  Colin  Tampon 
for  a  Swiss,  and  brother  Jonathan  in  the 
United  States  of  North  America. 

Tag,  wife  of  Puff,  and  lady's-maid  to 
Miss  Biddy  Bellair. — D.  Garrick,  Miss  in 
Her  Teens  (1753). 

Tahmuras,  a  king  of  Persia,  whose 
exploits  in  Fairy-land  among  the  peris 
and  deevs  are  fully  set  forth  by  Richard- 
son in  his  Dissertation. 

Tail  made  Woman  (Man's). 
According  to  North  American  legend, 
God  in  anger  cut  off  man's  tail,  and  out 
of  it  made  woman. 

Tails  (Men  with).  The  Niam-niams, 
an  African  race  between  the  gulf  of 
Benin  and  Abyssinia,  are  said  to  have 
tails.  Mons.  de  Castlenau  (1851)  tells  us 
that  the  Niam-niams  "have  tails  forty 
centimetres  long,  and  between  two  and 
three  centimetres  in  diameter."  Dr. 
Hubsch,  physician  to  the  hospitals  of 
Constantinople,  says,  in  1853,  that  he 
carefully  examined  a  Niam-niam  negress, 
and  that  her  tail  was  two  Inches  long. 
Mons,  d'Abbadie,  in  his  Abyssinian 
Travels  (1852),  tells  us  that  south  of  the 
llerrar  is  a  place  where  all  the  men  have 
tails,  but  not  the  females.  "  I  have 
examined,"  he  says,  "  fifteen  of  them, 
and  am  positive  that  the  tail  is  a  natural 
appendage."  Dr.  Wolf,  in  his  Travt  (sand 
Adctntures,  ii.  (1801),  sayt:  "There  are 


both  men  and  women  in  Abyssinia  with 
tails  like  dogs  and  horses."  He  heard  that, 
near  Narea,  in  Abyssinia,  there  were  men 
and  women  with  tails  so  muscular  that 
they  could  "  knock  down  a  horse  with 
a  blow." 

John  Struys,  a  Dutch  traveller,  says,  in 
his  Voyages  (1(350),  that  "all  the  natives 
on  the  south  of  Formosa  have  tails." 
He  adds  that  he  himself  personally  saw 
one  of  these  islanders  with  a  tail  "more 
than  a  foot  long." 

It  is  said  that  the  Ghilane  race,  which 
numbers  between  30,000  and  40,000  souls, 
and  dwell  "  far  beyond  the  Senaar," 
have  tails  three  or  four  inches  long. 
Colonel  du  Corret  assures  us  that  he 
himself  most  carefully  examined  one  of 
this  race  named  Belial,  a  slave  belonging 
to  an  emir  in  Mecca  ;  whose  house  he 
frequented. —  World  of  Wonders,  20G. 

The  Poonangs  of  Borneo  are  said  to  bo 
a  tail-bearing  race. 

Individual  Examples.  Dr.  Hubsch,  re- 
ferred  to  above,  says  that  he  examined 
at  Constantinople  the  son  of  a  physician 
whom  he  knew  intimately,  who  had  a 
decided  tail,  and  so  had  his  grandfather. 

In  the  middle  of  the  present  (the 
nineteenth)  century,  all  the  newspapers 
made  mention  of  the  birth  of  a  boy  at 
Newcastle-on-Tyno  with  a  tail,  which 
"  wagged  when  he  was  pleased." 

In  the  College  of  Surgeons  at  Dublin 
may  be  seen  a  human  skeleton  with  a 
tail  seven  inches  long. 

Tails  (jivcn  by  way  of  Punishment. 
Polydore  Vergil  asserts  that  when 
Thomas  h  Becket  came  to  Stroud,  the 
mob  cut  off  the  tail  of  his  horse,  and  in 
eternal  reproach,  "both  they  and  their 
offspring  bore  tails."  Lambarde  repeats 
the  same  story  in  his  Perambulation  of 
Kent  (157G). 

For  Bi rket's  sake  Kent  always  shall  have  tails.— Andrew 
Marvel. 

John  Bale,  bishop  of  Ossory  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  VI.,  tells  us  that  John 
Capgrave  and  Alexander  of  Ksseby  have 
slated  it  as  a  fact  that  certain  Dorsetshire 
men  cast  fishes'  tails  at  St.  Augustine,  in 
consequence  of  which  "  the  nun  of  this 
county'  have  borne  tails  ever  since." 

We  ail  know  the  tradition  that  Cornish 
men  are  born  with  tails. 

Taillefer,  a  valiant  warrior  and 
minstrel  in  the  army  <>f  William  the 
Conqueror.  At  the  battle  of  Hastings 
(or  cSenlac)  he  stimulated  the  ardour  of 
the  Normans  by  songs  in  praise  of 
Charlemagne  and  Roland.     The  soldier- 


TAILORS. 


970 


TALES. 


minstrel    was    at   last    borne  down    by 
numbers,  and  fell  fighting. 

He  was  a  juggler  or  minstrel,  who  could  sing  songs  and 
filay  tricks.  ...  So  he  rode  forth  singing  as  he  went,  and 
as  some  say  throwing  his  sword  up  in  the  air  and  catching 
It  again.— K.  A.  Freeman,  Old  English  Ilutory,  332. 

Tailors  (Nine).  A  toll  of  a  bell  is 
called  a  "  teller,"  and  at  the  death  of  a 
man  the  death  bell  used  to  be  tolled  thrice 
three  times.  "Nine  tellers  mark  a  man  " 
became  perverted  into  M  Nine  tailors 
make  a  man."  —  Notes  and  Queries, 
March  4,  1877. 

Tailors  of  Tooley  Street  (Tlie 
Three).  Canning  tells  us  of  three  tailors 
of  Tooley  Street,  Southwark,  who  ad- 
dressed a  petition  of  grievances  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  beginning  with 
these  words,  "  We,  the  people  of 
England." 

The  "deputies  of  Vaugirard "  pre- 
sented themselves  before  Charles  VIII. 
of  France.  When  the  king  asked  how 
many  there  were,  the  usher  replied,  "  Only 
one,  an  please  your  majesty." 

Taish.  Second  sight  is  so  called  in 
Ireland. — Martin,   Western  Isles,  3. 

Doric  and  despairing,  my  sight  I  may  seal ; 
But  man  cannot  Corel  what  G-mI  would  reveal. 
Tis  the  sunset  of  life  gives  me  mystical  Ion, 
And  coming  events  cast  tli.ir  riudowl  before. 

Campbell,  Lochielt  Warnhiu  11301). 

Taj,  in  Agra  (East  India),  the  mauso- 
leum built  by  shah  Jehan  to  his  favourite 
sultana  Moomtaz-i-Mahul,  who  died  in 
childbirth  of  her  eighth  child.  It  is  of 
white  marble,  and  is  so  beautiful  that  it 
is  called  "A  Poem  in  Marble,"  and  "The 
Marble  Queen  of  Sorrow." 

Talbert  [Tdl'-but],  John  Talbert  or 
rather  Talbot,  "The  English  Achillas," 
first  earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1373-1453). 

Our  Talbert,  to  the  French  so  terrible  in  war, 
That  witfi  his  very  name  their  babes  they  used  to  scare. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xviii.  (1613). 

Talbot  (John),  a  name  of  terror  in 
France.     Same  as  above. 

They  In   France,  to   feare  their  young  children,  crye, 
"  The  Talbot  commeth  !  "—Hall,  Chroniclct  (1540). 
Is  this  the  Talbot,  so  much  feared  abroad. 
That  with  his  name  the  mothtn  still  tln-ir  UiIr'3  f 
Shakespeare,  1  Henry  FY.  act  ii.  sc.  3  (1589). 

ralbot  (Colonel),  an  English  officer, 
and  one  of  Waverley's  friends. — Sir  W. 
Scott,   Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Talbot  (Lord  Arthur),  a  cavalier  who 
won  the  love  of  Elvira  daughter  of  lord 
Walton  ;  but  his  lordship  had  promised 
his  daughter  in  marriage  to  sir  Richard 
Ford,  a  puritan  officer.  The  betrothal 
b<  log  Bet  aside,  lord  Talbot  became  the 
accepted  lover,  and  the  marriage  ceremony 


was  fixed  to  take  place  at  Plymouth.  In 
the  mean  time,  lord  Arthur  assisted  the 
dowager  queen  Henrietta  to  escape,  and 
on  his  return  to  England  was  arrested  by 
the  soldiers  of  Cromwell,  and  condemned 
to  death  ;  but  Cromwell,  feeling  secure  of 
his  position,  commanded  all  political 
prisoners  to  be  released,  so  lord  Arthur 
was  set  at  liberty,  and  married  Elvira. — 
Bellini,  I  Puritani  (1834). 

Talbot  (Lying  Dick),  the  nickname  given 
to  Tyrconnel,  the  Irish  Jacobite,  who  held 
the  highest  offices  in  Ireland  in  the  reign 
of  James  II.  and  in  the  early  part  of 
William  III.'s  reign  (died  1691). 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  a  comedy  by  Ben 
Jonson  (1618).  This  was  the  last  comedy 
brought  out  by  him  on  the  stage;  the  first 
was  Every  Man  m  His  Humour  (1598). 

In  the  Title  of  a  Tub.  he  [Ben  Jonton]  follows  the  path 
of  Arlatoph'anta,  and  lets  his  wit  run  into  low  buffoonery, 

that  he  might  bring  upon  the  stage  lnigo  Jones,  his  per- 
sonal enemy. — Sir  Walter  Sott,  The  Drama. 

Tale  of  a  Tut),  a  religious  satire  by 
dean  Swift  (1704).  Its  object  is  to  ridi- 
cule the  Roman  Catholics  under  the  name 
of  Peter,  and  the  presbyterians  under  the 
name  of  Jack  [Calvin].  The  Church  of 
England  is  represented  by  Martin  [Lu- 
ther]. 

Gul  irer'i  Travel)  and  the  Tale  of  a  Tub  must  ever  be 
the  chief  corner-stones  of  Swift's  fame. — Chambers,  Enylith 
Literature,  ii.  517. 

Tales  (Chinese),  being  the  transmi- 
grations of  the  mandarin  Fum-Hoam,  told 
to  Culchenraz  daughter  of  the  king  of 
Georgia.  (See  Fum-Hoam,  p.  357.) — 
T.  S.  Gueulette  (originally  in  French, 
1723). 

Tales  (Fairy),  a  series  of  tales,  originally 
in  French,  by  the  comtesse  D'Aunoy, 
D'Aulnoy,  or  D'Anois  (1698).  Some  are 
very  near  copies  of  the  Arabian  Nights. 
The  best-known  are  "  Cherv  and  Fair- 
star,"  "The  Yellow  Dwarf,"  and  "The 
White  Cat." 

About  the  same  time  (1697),  Claude 
Perrault  published,  in  French,  his  famous 
Fairy  Tales,  chiefly  taken  from  the  Sa<jaa 
of  Scaudinavia. 

lales  (Mural),  twenty-three  tales  by 
Marmontcl,  originally  in  French  (1761). 
They  were  intended  for  draughts  of 
dramas.  The  design  of  the  first  tale, 
culled  "  Alcibiadus,"  is  to  expose  the  ^ 
folly  of  expecting  to  be  loved  "merely 
for  one's  self."  The  design  of  the  second 
tale,  called  "  Soliman  II.,"  is  to  expose 
the  folly  of  attempting  to  gain  woman*! 
love  by  any  other  means  than  reciprocal 


TALES. 


971 


TALISMAN. 


love;  and  so  on.  The  second  tale  has 
been  dramatized. 

Thles  (Oriental),  by  the  comte  do 
Cavlus,  originally  in  French  (174;?).  A 
neries  of  tales  supposed  to  be  told  by 
Moradbak,  a  girl  of  14,  to  Hudjadge 
6hah  of  Persia,  who  could  not  sleep.  It 
contains  the  tale  of  "  The  Seven  Sleepers 
of  Ephcsus."     (See  Moradbak,  p.  658.) 

Tales  of  a  Grandfather,  in  three 
-eries,  by  sir  W.Scott;  told  to  Hugh  Little- 
iohn,  who  was  between  five  and  six  years 
of  age  (1828).  These  tales  are  supposed  to 
be  taken  from  Scotch  chronicles,  and 
eir.orace  the  most  prominent  and  graphic 
incidents  of  Scotch  history.  Series  i., 
to  the  amalgamation  of  the  two  crowns 
in  James  I.  ;  series  ii.,  to  the  union  of 
the  two  parliaments  in  the  reign  of 
queen  Anne ;  series  Hi.,  to  the  death 
of  Charles  Edward  the  Young  Pretender. 

Tales  of  My  Landlord,  tales  sup- 
posed to  be  told  by  the  landlord  of  the 
Wallace  inn,  in  the  parish  of  Gander- 
cleuch,  "edited  and  arranged  by  Jedediah 
Cleishbotham,  schoolmaster  and  parish 
clerk  "  of  the  same  parish,  but  in  reality 
corrected  and  arranged  by  his  usher, 
Peter  or  Patrick  Pattison,  who  lived  to 
complete  five  of  the  novels,  but  died 
before  the  last  two  were  issued.  These 
novels  are  arranged  thus  :  First  Scries, 
"The  Black  Dwarf"  and  "Old  Mor- 
tality ; "  Second  Scries,  "  Heart  of  Mid- 
lothian;" Third  Series,  "  Pride  of  Lam- 
mermoor"  and  "Legend  of  Montrose;" 
Posthumous,  "Count  Kobert  of  Paris" 
and  "  Castle  Dangerous."— Sir  W.  Scott. 
(See  Black  Dwarf,  introduction.) 

Tales  of  the  Crusaders,  by  sir 
W.  Scott,  include  The  Betrothed  and  The 
Talisman. 

Tales  of  the  Genii,  that  is,  tales 
told  by  genii  to  Iracagem  their  chief, 
respecting  their  tutelary  charges,  or  how 
they  had  discharged  their  functions  as 
the  guardian  genii  of  man.  Patna  and 
Coulor,  children  of  Giualar  (iman  of 
Terki),  were  permitted  to  hear  these 
accounts  rendered,  and  hence  they  have 
reached  our  earth.  The  genius  P.ar- 
haddan  related  the  history  of  his  tutelary 
charge  of  Abu'dah,  a  merchant  of  Bagdad. 
The  genius  Mamlouk  told  how  he  had 
been  emploved  in  watching  over  the 
dervise  Alfouran.  Next,  Ornphram  re- 
counted his  labours  as  the  tutelar  genius 
of  Hassan  Assar  caliph  of  Bagdad.  The 
genius  Hassarack  tells  his  experience  in 


the  tale  of  Kelaun  and  Guzzarat.  The 
fifth  was  a  female  genius,  by  name 
Houadir,  who  told  the  tale  of  Urad,  the 
fair  wanderer,  her  ward  on  earth.  Then 
rose  the  sage  genius  Macoma,  and  told 
the  tale  of  the  sultan  Misnar,  with  the 
episodes  of  Mahoud  and  the  princess  of 
Cassimir.  The  affable  Adiram,  the  tutelar 
genius  of  Sadak  and  Kalas'rade,  told  of 
their  battle  of  life.  Last  of  all  rose  the 
venerable  genius  Nadan,  and  recounted 
the  history  of  his  earthly  charge  named 
Mirglip  the  dervise.  These  tales  are  from 
the  Persian,  and  are  ascribed  to  Horam 
son  of  Asmar. 

Talgol,  a  butcher  in  Newgate  market, 
who  obtained  a  captain's  commission  in 
Cromwell's    army    for    his    bravery    at 

Naseby. 

Talgol  was  of  courage  stout  .  .  . 
Inured  to  labour,  sweat,  and  toil. 
Anil,  like  a  champion,  shone  with  oil  .  .  . 
He  many  a  boar  ami  huge  dun  cow 
Did.  like  another  Guy.  o'ertbrow  .  .  . 
With  greater  troops  of  shee|>  he'd  fougni 
Than  Ajax  or  bold  don  (j  dxote. 

S.  Butler,  Iludibnu,  L  2  (1SS31. 

Taliesin  or  Taliessih,  son  of  St. 
Ilenwig,  chief  of  the  bards  of  the  West, 
in  the  time  of  king  Arthur  (sixth  cen- 
tury). In  the  Maoinogion  is  given  the 
legends  connected  with  him,  several 
specimens  of  his  songs,  and  all  that  is 
historically  known  about  him.  The  burst- 
ing in  of  the  sea  through  the  neglect  of 
Seithenin,  who  had  charge  of  the  em- 
bankment, and  the  ruin  which  it  brought 
on  Gwyddno  Garanhir,  is  allegorized  by 
the  bursting  01  a  pot  called  the  "  caldron 
of  inspiration,"  through  the  neglect  of 
Gwion  Bach,  who  was  set  to  watch  it. 

That  Taliessen,  once  which  made  the  rivers  dance. 

And  in  bis  rapture  raised  the  mountains,  from  their  tranru. 

Shall  tremble  at  my  ferae. 

Drayton.  Polyolbion,  Iv.  (1612). 

Talisman  (The),  a  novel  by  sir  W. 
Scott,  and  one  of  the  best  of  the  thirty- 
two  which  he  wrote  (1825).  It  is  the 
Storv  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion  being 
cured  of  a  fever  in  the  Holy  Land,  by 
Saladin,  the  soldan,  his  noble  enemy. 
Saladin,  hearing  of  his  illness,  assumed 
the  disguise  of  Adonbec  el  Hakim,  the 
physician,  and  visited  the  king.     He  lil!'  d 

a  cup  with  spring  water,  into  which  :io 
dipped  the  talisman,  a  little  red  purse 
that  he  took  from  his  bosom,  ami  when  it 
had  been  steeped  long  enough,  lie  gave 
the  draught  to  the  king  to  drink  (ch.  ix.). 
During  the  king's  sickness,  the  archdake 
of  Austria  planted  his  own  banner  beside 
that  of  England;  but  immediately  Kichard 
recovered   from   his  fever,  he  tore  down 


TALISMANS. 


972 


TALUT. 


the  Austrian  banner,  and  pave  it  in  cus- 
tody to  sir  Kenneth.  While  Kenneth 
ras  absent,  he  left  his  dog  in  charge 
of  it,  but  on  his  return,  found  the  dog 
wounded  and  the  banner  stolen.  King 
Richard,  in  his  rage,  ordered  sir  Kenneth 
to  execution,  but  pardoned  him  on  the 
intercession  of  "the  physician"  (Saladin). 
Sir  Kenneth's  dog  showed  such  a  strange 
aversion  to  the  marquis  de  Montserrat 
that  suspicion  was  aroused,  the  marquis 
was  challenged  to  single  combat,  and, 
being  overthrown  by  sir  Kenneth,  con- 
fessed that  he  had  stolen  the  banner. 
The  love  story  interwoven  is  that  between 
sir  Kenneth  the  prince  royal  of  Scotland, 
and  lady  Edith  Plantagenet  the  king's 
kinswoman,  with  whose  marriage  the  tale 
concludes. 

Talismans.  In  order  to  free  a  house 
of  vermin,  the  figure  of  the  obnoxious 
animal  should  be  made  in  wax  in  "  the 
planetary  hour." — Warburton,  Critical  In- 
quiry into  Prodigies  .  .  .  (1727). 

He  swore  that  you  had  rohlied  his  house, 
And  stolen  his  talismauic  louse. 

8.  butler,  I/udibnu.  Hi.  1  (1578). 

The  Abraxas  stone,  a  stone  with  the 
word  ABRAXAS  engraved  on  it,  is  a 
famous  talisman.  The  word  symbolizes 
the  3G5  intelligences  between  deity  and 
man. 

In  Arabia,  a  talisman,  consisting  of  a 
piece  of  paper  containing  the  names  of  the 
seven  sleepers  of  Ephesus,  is  still  used, 
"to  ward  the  house  from  ghosts  and 
demons." 

Talismans  (The  Four).  Ilouna,  sur- 
named  Seidel-Beckir,  a  talismanist,  made 
three  of  great  value :  viz.,  a  little  golden 
fish,  which  would  fetch  out  of  the  sea 
whatever  it  was  bidden  ;  a  poniard,  which 
rendered  invisible  not  only  the  person 
bearing  it,  but  all  those  he  wished  to  be 
so  ;  and  a  ring  of  steel,  which  enabled  the 
wearer  to  read  the  secrets  of  men's  hearts. 
The  fourth  talisman  was  a  bracelet, 
which  preserved  the  wearer  from  poison. 
— Comte  de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  ("The 
Four  Taiismans,"  1743). 

Talking  Bird  (The),  called  Bulbul- 
he'zar.  It  had  the  power  of  human 
'  speech,  and  when  it  sang  all  the  song- 
birds in  the  vicinity  came  and  joined  in 
concert.  It  was  also  oracular,  and  told 
the  sultan  the  tale  of  his  three  children, 
and  how  they  had  been  exposed  by  the 
sultana's  two  jealous  sisters. — Arabian 
Nights  ("The  Two  Sisters."  the  last 
tale). 


The  talking  bird  is  called  "  the  little 
green  bird"  in  "The  Princess  Fairstar," 
one  of  the  Fairy  Tales  of  the  comtesse 
D'Aunoy  (1682). 

Tallboy  (Old),  forester  of  St.  Mary's 
Convent. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Monastery  (time, 
Elizabeth). 

Talleyrand.  This  namt,  anciently 
written  "  Tailleran,"  was  originally  a 
sobriquet  derived  from  the  words  taiiler 
les  ramjs  ("  cut  through  the  ranks  "). 

Talleyrand  is  generally  credited  with 
the  mot :  "La  parole  a  etd  donnr'e  a 
l'homme  pour  l'aider  a  cacher  sa  pense'e 
[or  deguiser  la  penser];"  but  they  were 
spoken  by  comte  de  Montrond,  "the  most 
agreeable  scoundrel  in  the  court  of  Marie 
Antoinette." — Captain  Gronow,  Recollec- 
tions and  Anecdotes. 

Voltaire,  sixty  years  previously,  had 
said:  "lis  n'employent  les  paroles  que 
pour  deguiser  leurs  pense'es." — Le  Cliapon 
et  la  Puularde. 

And  Goldsmith,  in  1759,  when  Talley- 
rand was  about  four  years  old,  had  pub- 
lished the  sentence :  "  The  true  use  of 
speech  is  not  so  much  to  express  our 
wants  as  to  conceal  them." — The  Lee,  iii. 

Talos,  son  of  Ferdix,  sister  of  Dseda- 
los,  inventor  of  the  saw,  compasses,  and 
other  mechanical  instruments.  His  uncle, 
jealous  of  him,  threw  him  from  the  citadel 
of  Athens,  and  he  was  changed  into  a 
partridge. 

Talos,  a  man  of  brass,  made  by  He- 
phasstos  (Vulcan).  This  wonderful 
automaton  was  given  to  Minos  to  patrol 
the  island  of  Crete.  It  traversed  the 
island  thrice  every  day,  and  if  a  stranger 
came  near,  made  itself  red  hot,  and 
squeeaed  him  to  death. 

Talus,  an  iron  man,  representing 
power  or  the  executive  of  a  state.  He 
was  Astraea's  groom,  whom  the  goddess 
gave  to  sir  Artegal.  This  man  of  iron, 
"immovable  and  resistless  without  end," 
"swift  as  a  swallow,  and  as  a  lion  strong," 
carried  in  his  hand  an  iron  flail,  "with 
which  he  threshed  out  falsehood,  and  did 
truth  unfold."  When  sir  Artegal  fell 
into  the  power  of  Radigund  queen  of  the 
Amazons,  Talus  brought  Britomart  to  the 
rescue.  —  Spenser,  iaery  Queen,  v.  1 
(15%). 

Talut.  So  the  Mohammedans  call 
Saul. 

Verily  God  hath  sot  Taint  king  over  you  .  .  .  Samuel 
■aid.  Verily  God  lintli  chosen  Dim,  and  liftli  caused  hid 
to  increase  In  knowledge  and  stature. — At  Koran,  U. 


TALV1. 


973 


TAMMANY. 


Talvi  a  psendonvmof  Mrs.  Robinson. 
It  is  limply  the  initials  of  her  maiden 
name,  Thc'rese  Albertine  Louise  von 
Ukob. 

Tam  o'  Todshaw,  a  huntsman,  near 
Charlie's  Hope  farm.-Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy 
ifanneriiuj  (time,  George  II.). 

Tam  o'  the  Cowgate,  the  sobriquet 
of  sir  Thomas  Hamilton,  a  Scotch  lawyer 
who  lived  in  the  Cowgate,  at  Edinburgh 
(♦-1668). 

Tamburlaine  the  Great  (or  Ti- 
mour  Lew,),  the  Tartar  conqueror.  In 
bistorv  called  Tamerlane.  He  had  only 
one  hand  and  was  lame  (1336-1405).  The 
hero  and  title  of  a  tragedy  by  C.  Mar  low 
(1587).  Shakespeare  (2  Henry  I V.  act  u. 
sc.  4)  makes  Pistol  quote  a  part  of  this 
♦iirgid  play. 

Holla,  ye  pampered  Jades  of  Asia. 
What  I  can  ye  draw  but  twenty  miles  a  day. 
And  have  so  proud  a  chariot  at  your  heels. 
And  such  a  coachman  as  ureal  Tamburlaine  t 

(In  the  stage  direction: 

Knter  Tamburlaine.  drawn  In  his  chariot  l.y  Treble.. 
.,.d  Soria.  with  bill  In  their  mouth*.  Win*  In  Uj  Wt 
hand  In  l£  right  a  whip  with  wUlch  »••  «-1»U» 
them.) 

N.  Rowe  has  a  tragedy  entitled  Tamer- 
lane (q.v.). 

Tame  (1  *yl.)t  a  river  which  rises  in 
the  vale  of  Aylesbury,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Chiltern,  and  hence  called  by  Drayton 
«  Chiltern's  son."  Chi  Item's  son  marries 
Isis  (Cotswold's  heiress),  whose  son  and 
heir  is  Thames.  This  allegory  forms  the 
subject  of  song  xv.  of  the  l'olyolbwn,  and 
is  the  most  poetical  of  them  all. 

Tamer  Tamed  (The),  a  kind  of 
sequel  to  Shakespeare's  comedy  I  he 
Taming  of  the  Shrew.  In  the  Tamer 
Tamed,  Petruehio  is  supposed  to  marry 
»  second  wife,  by  whom  he  is  hen-peeked. 
—Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1647). 

Tamerlane,  emperor  of  Tartary,  in 
Rowe's  tragedy  so  called,  is  a  noble 
generous,  high-minded  prince,  the  ray 
glass  and  fashion  of  all  conquerors,  in  his 
forgiveness  of  wrongs,  and  from  whose 
example  Christians  may  be  taught  their 
moral  code.  Tamerlane  treats  Bajs 
his  captive,  with  truly  godlike  clemency, 
till  the  fierce  sultimploto  his  assaasination. 
Thenlonger  forbearance  would  have  been 
Uw,  and  the  Tartar  had  his  untamed 
captiVechmnedinacage.likeawildbeast. 

— N.  Rowe,  Tamerlane  (1702). 

It  is  said  that  Lonia  XIV.  was  Rowe ■ 

"Rnjazet,"  and  William  lll.hu  '    lanisr- 
Inno." 


•  »  Tamerlane  is  a  corruption  of  Ti- 
mour  Len.)h  ("Timour  the  lame").  He 
was  one-handed  and  lame  also.  Mis 
name  was  use.l  by  the  Persians  m  ter- 
rorem.    (See  Tamiuiu.aisk  tiik  (.iikat.) 

Taming  of  the  Shrew  (The),* 
comedv  by  Shakespeare  (10f»).  lne 
"shrew"  is  Kathari'na,  elder  daughter  of 
Baptista  of  Padua,  and  she  is  tamed  by 
the  stronger  mind  of  Petruehio  into  a 
most  obedient  and  submissive  wife. 

This  drama  is  founded  on  A  pleasaunt 
conceded  Historic,  called  The  Tamm,  of 
a  Shrew.  As  it  hath  beene  sundry  tone* 
acted  by  the  right  honourable  the  Kane  of 
J'embrooke  his  servant/,  1607.  The  in- 
duction is  borrowed  from  Heuterus  Rerum 
Burgundearum,  it.,  a  translation  rf  »h»c  i 
into'  Knglish,  by  E.  Grimstone,  appear. ,1 
in  1GU7.  The  same  trick  was  played  by 
Haroun-al-Kaschidon  the  merchant  Abou 
Hassan  {Arabian  Nights,  "The  Sleeper 
Awakened");  and  by  Philippe  the  Good 


of   Burgundy.    (See  Burton,  Awdomy  of 
Melancholy,^,  ii.  4  ;  see  also  lac  1 
some  Duke  or  the   Tinker's  Good   J-ortuw 
(a  ballad),  Percy.)  . 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  wrote  a  kind  ct 
sequel  to  this  comedy,  called  The  Tamer 
Tamed,  in  which  Petruchio  is  supposed  U 
marry  a  second  wife,  by  whom  he  is  hen 
pecked  (1647). 

The  Honeymoon,  a  comedy  by  1  ntai 
(1804),  is  a  similar  plot,  hut  the  shrew  n 
tamed  with  far  less  display  of  obstreperous 
self-will. 

Tami'no  and  Pami'na,  the  two 
lovers  who  were  guided  by  the  magic  Mute 
through  all  worldly  dangers  to  the  know- 
ledge of  divine  truth  (or  the  mysteries 
of  fsis).-Mo/.art,  Die  ZauberfiOU  (1791). 

Tammany,  Tamendy,  or  Tam- 
menund.  an  Indian  ehief  of  the i  Dela- 
ware nation  who  lived  aboul  themMdleof 
the  seventeenth  century.    Hewass 

friend  of  the  whites,  and  was  famous 
in  tradition  for  so  many  other  rirtues 

that  in  the  latter  davs  of  the  Revolution 

he  was  facetiously  adopted  as  the  patron 
saint  of  the  new  republic.  A  society 
oftlled  the  Tammany  Society  was  found- 
ed  in  New  Vork  City,  May  12,  L78»,origl- 
n:,!iv  for  benevolent  purposes,  but  it  ulti- 
mately developed  into  ■  mere  political  en- 
gine, becoming  the  principal  instrument 
,,i  the  managers  of  the  Democratic  party 
in  New  York  City.  In  1871,  however, 
►he  disclosures  as  to  the  corrupt  practice 
indulged  in  hy  the  Tammany  chieftain* 


TAMMUZ. 


974 


TANNHAUSER. 


then  at  the  head  of  the  municipal  govern- 
ment, united  the  men  of  all  parties  against 
it,  and  the  power  of  the  society — although 
efforts  have  since  been  made  to  reform 
and  purify  it — is  now  a  thing  of  the  past. 
Tammuz,  the  month  of  July.  St. 
Jerome  says  the  Hebrews  and  Syrians  call 
the  month  of  June  "  Tammuz.*' 

Tam'ora,  queen  of  the  Goths,  in  love 
with  Aaron  the  Moor. — (?)  Shakespeare, 
Titus  Andron'icus  (1593). 

%*  The  classic  name  is  Andronicus, 
but  Titus  Andronicus  is  a  purely  fic- 
titious character. 

Tamper  (Colonel),  betrothed  to  Emily. 
On  his  return  from  llavannah,  he  wanted 
to  ascertain  if  Emily  loved  him  "for 
himself  alone;"  so  he  pretended  to 
have  lost  one  leg  and  one  eye.  Emily 
was  eo  shocked  that  the  family  doctor 
was  sent  for,  who,  amidst  other  gossip, 
told  the  young  lady  he  had  recently  seen 
colonel  Tamper,  who  was  looking  re- 
markably well,  and  had  lost  neither  leg 
nor  eye.  Emily  now  perceived  that  a  trick 
was  being  played,  so  she  persuaded  Mdlle. 
Florival  to  assume  the  part  of  a  rival 
lover,  under  the  assumed  name  of  captain 
Johnson.  After  the  colonel  had  been 
thoroughly  roasted,  major  Bedford  entered, 
recognized  "  captain' Johnson  "  as  his  own 
affiance'e,  the  colonel  saw  how  the  tables 
had  been  turned  upon  him,  apologized, 
and  all  ended  happily. — G.  Column, 
senior,  The  Deuce  is  in  Him  (17G2). 

Tarnson  [Peg)t  an  old  woman  at 
Middlemas  village. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The 
Surgeon's  Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Tanaquill,  wife  of  Tarquini  us  pn'scus 
of  Rome.  She  was  greatly  venerated  by 
the  Romans,  but  Juvenal  uses  the  name 
as  the  personification  of  an  imperious 
woman  with  a  strong  independent  will. 
In  the  Faery  Queen,  Spenser  calls  Gloriana 
[queen  Elizabeth)  "  Tanaquill "  (bk.  i. 
introduction,  1590). 

Tancred,  son  of  Eudcs  and  Emma. 
He  was  the  greatest  of  all  the  Christian 
warriors  except  Rinaldo.  His  one  fault 
was  "woman's  love,"  and  that  woman  Co- 
rinda,  a  pagan  (bk.  i.).  Tancred  brought 
800  horse  to  the  allied  crusaders  under 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  In  a  night  combat, 
Tancred  unwittingly  slew  Corinda,  and 
lamented  her  death"with  great  and  bitter 
lamentation  (bk.  xii.).  Being  wounded, 
he  was  tenderly  nursed  byErminia,  who 
was  in  love  with  him  (bk.  xix.). — Tasso, 
(prusatem  Delivered  (1575). 


***  Rossini  has  an  opera  entitled  Tan~ 
credi  (1813). 

Tancred,  prince  of  Otranto,  one  of  the 
crusaders,  probably  the  same  as  the  one 
above. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Tancred  (Count),  the  orphan  son  of 
Manfred,  eldest  grandson  of  Roger  I.  of 
Sicily,  and  rightful  heir  to  the  throne. 
His  father  was  murdered  by  William  the 
Bad,  and  he  himself  was  brought  up  by 
Sill'ro'di  lord  high  chancellor  of  Sicily. 
While  only  a  count,  he  fell  in  love  with 
Sigismunda  the  chancellor's  daughter, 
but  when  king  Roger  died,  he  left  the 
throne  to  Tancred,  provided  he  married 
Constantia,  daughter  of  William  the  Bad, 
and  thus  united  the  rival  lines.  Tancred 
gave  a  tacit  consent  to  this  arrange- 
ment, intending  all  the  time  to  obtain  a 
dispensation  from  the  pope,  and  marry 
the  chancellor's  daughter  ;  but  Sigismunda 
could  not  know  his  secret  intentions,  and, 
in  a  fit  of  irritation,  married  the  earl 
Osmond.  Now  follows  the  catastrophe: 
Tancred  souu'lit  an  interview  with  Sigis- 
munda, to  justify  his  conduct,  but  Os- 
mond challenged  him  to  fight.  Osmond 
fell,  and  stabbed  Sigismunda  when  she 
ran  to  his  succour. — Thomson,  Tancred 
and  Sigismunda  (1745). 

%*  Thomson's  tragedy  is  founded  on 
the  episode  called  "  The  Baneful  Mar- 
riage," Oil  Bias,  iv.  4  (Lesage,  1724).  In 
the  prose  tale,  Tancred  is  called  "  Henri- 
quez,"  and  Sigismunda  "Blanch." 

Tancredi,  the  Italian  form  of  Tan- 
cred (q.v.).  The  best  of  the  early  operas 
of  Rossini  (1813). 

Tanner  of  Tamworth  (The),  the 

man  who  mistook  Edward  IV.  for  a  high- 
wayman. After  some  little  altercation, 
they  changed  horses,  the  king  giving  his 
hunter  for  the  tanner's  cob  worth  about 
four  shillings  ;  but  as  soon  as  the  tanner 
mounted  the  king's  horse,  it  threw  him, 
and  the  tanner  gladly  paid  down  a  sum 
of  money  to  get  his  old  cob  back  again. 
King  Edward  now  blew  his  hunting- 
horn,  and  the  courtiers  gathered  round  him. 
"  I  hope  [i.e.  expect]  1  shall  be  hanged 
for  this,"  cried  the  tanner  ;  but  the  king, 
in  merry  pin,  gave  him  the  manor  oJ 
Ilumpton  Park,  with  300  marks  a  year. 
— Percy,  Beliques,  etc. 

Tannhauser  (Sir),  called  in  German 
the  Hitter  Tannhauser,  a  Teutonic  knight, 
who  wins  the  love  of  Lisaura,  a  Mantuan 
lad  v.      Hilario  the  philosopher  often  coru 


TAOUISM. 


975 


TAPWELL. 


verses  with  the  Rittcr  on  supernatural 
subjects,  and  promises  that  Venus  herself 
shall  be  his  mistress,  if  he  will  sum- 
mon ip  his  courage  to  enter  Venusberg. 
Tannhauser  starts  on  the  mysterious  jour- 
ney, and  Lisaura,  hearing  thereof,  kills 
herself.  At  Venusberg  the  Kitter  gives 
full  swing  to  his  pleasures,  but  in  time 
returns  to  Mantua,  and  makes  his  con- 
fession to  pope  Urban.  His  holiness 
says  to  him,  "  Man,  you  can  no  more 
hope  for  absolution  than  this  staff  which 
I  hold  in  my  hand  can  be  expected  to 
bud."  So  Tannhauser  flees  in  despair  from 
Koine,  and  returns  to  Venusberg.  Mean- 
while, the  pope's  staff  actually  does  sprout, 
and  Urban  sends  in  all  directions  for  the 
Ritter,  but  he  is  nowhere  to  be  found. 

Tieck,  in  his  Phantasms  (1812),  intro- 
duces the  story.  Wagner  (in  1845) 
brought  out  an  operatic  spectacle,  called 
Tannhauser.  The  companion  of  Tann- 
hiiuser was  Eckhardt. 

***  The  tale  of  Tannhauser  is  sub- 
stantially the  same  as  that  of  Thomas 
of  Erceldoun,  also  called  "Thomas  the 
Rhymer,"  who  was  so  intimate  with  Faery 
folk  that  he  could  foretell  what  events 
would  come  to  pass.  He  was  also  a  bard, 
and  wrote  the  famous  lay  of  Sir  Tristrem. 
The  general  belief  is  that  the  seer  is  not 
dead,  but  has  been  simply  removed  from 
the  land  of  the  living  "to  Fa8ry-land, 
whence  occasionally  he  emerges,  to  busy 
himself  withhuman  affairs,,  Sir  W.  Syott 
has  introduced  the  legend  in  Castle  Dan- 
gerous, v.     (See  Ekceldoun,  p.  208.) 

Taouism,  the  system  of  Taou,  that 
invisible  principle  which  pervades  every- 
thing. Tope  refers  to  this  universal 
divine  permeation  in  the  well-known 
lines :  it 

Warms  in  the  sun,  refreshes  In  the  breeze, 
Glows  in  the  stars,  mill  blossoms  in  the  trees. 
Lives  through  all  life,  extends  through  all  extent, 
Spreads  undivided,  operates  unspent. 

Etsay  on  Man,  I.  (1733). 

Tapestered  Chamber  {The),  a 
tale  by  sir  W.  Scott,  laid  in  the  reign 
of  George  III.  There  are  but  two  cha- 
racicrs  introduced.  General  Browne  goes 
on  a  visit  to  lord  Woodville,  and  sleeps 
in  the  "tapestered  chamber,"  which  is 
haunted.  He  sees  the  "lady  in  the 
Sacque,"  describes  her  to  lord  Woodville 
next  morning,  and  recognizes  her  picture 
in  the  portrait  gallery. 

The  back  of  this  form  was  turned  to  me.  and  I  could 
Observe,  from  the  shoulders  and  Deck,  it  WM  that  of  an  old 
■oman,  whose  dress  was  an  old-fasbloned  gown,  which, 
I  think,  ladies  call  a  sacque— that  is,  a  sort  of  robe  com- 
pletely loose  In  the  body,  but  gathered  Into  broad  plain 
upon  the  neck  and  uhoulders,  which  fall  down  to  the 
•/•Mind,  and  tenuinatu  in  a  species  of  train. 


Tap'ley  {Mark),  an  honest,  light- 
hearted  voting  man,  whose  ambition  waa 
"  to  come  out  jelly  "  under  the  most  un- 
favourable circumstances.  Greatly  at- 
tached to  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  he  leaves 
his  comfortable  situation  at  the  Blue 
Dragon  to  accompany  him  to  America, 
and  in  "Eden"  has  ample  opportunities 
of  "being  jolly"  so  far  as  wretchedness 
could  make  him  so.  On  his  return  to 
England,  he  marries  Mrs.  Lupin,  and  thus 
becomes  landlord  of  the  Blue  Dragon. 
— C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit,  xiii., 
xxi.,  etc.  (1843). 

Charles  p'//.  qf  /Vance]  was  the  Mark  Tai  .ley  of  kings, 
and  bore  himself  with  his  usual  "jollity"  under  this  af- 
flicting news.  It  was  remarked  of  him  that  "  no  one 
could  lose  a  kingdom  with  greater  gaiety."— 1U.-V.  J 
White. 

Tappertit  (Sim  i.e.  Simon),  the  ap- 
prentice  of   Gabriel  Varden,    locksmith. 
He  was  just  20  in  years,  but  200  in  con- 
ceit.   An  old-fashioned,  thin-faced,  sleek- 
haired,     sharp-nosed,    small-eyed    little 
fellow  was  Mr.  Sim  Tappertit,  about  live 
feet   high,  but  thoroughly  conTinced  in 
his  own  mind  that  he  was   both  good 
looking   and   above   the   middle  size,  in 
fact,    rather   tall    than   otherwise.      His 
figure,  which  was  slender,  he  was  proud 
of ;  and  with  his   legs,  which  in  knee- 
breeches  were  perfect  curiosities  of  little- 
ness, he  was  enraptured.      He  had  also 
a  secret  notion  that  the  power  of  his  eye 
was  irresistible,  and  he  believed  that  he 
could  subdue  the  haughtiest  beauty  "by 
eyeing  her."     Of   course,  Mr.   Tappertit 
had  an  ambitious  soul,  and  admired  his 
master's  daughter  Dolly.     He  was  cap- 
tain of   the  secret  society  of  " 'Prentice 
Knights,"  whose  object  was  "vengeance 
against  their  tyrant  masters."     Alter  the 
Gordon  riots,  in  which  Tappertit  took  a 
leading  part,  he  was  found  "  burnt  and 
bruised,  with  a  gun-shot   wound  in  his 
body,    and    both    his    legs    crushed    into 
shapeless  ugliness."     The  cripple,  by  the 
locksmith's  aid,  turned  shoe-black  under 
an    archway    near    the    Horse    Guards, 
thrived   in  his  vocation,  and  married  the 
widow  of  a  rag-and-bone collector.    While 
an  apprentice,  Miss  Miggs,  the  "protest- 
ant"   shrewish  servant  of    Mrs.  Varden, 
cast  an  eye  of  hope  on  "  Simmon  ;  "  but 
the  conceited  puppy  pronounced  her  "de- 
cidedly  Bcraggy,"   and   disregarded    the 
Boft  impeachment. — C.  Dickens,  liarnabtf 
ii'u<i>>(1841).     (See  Syi.i.i.) 

Taproba'na,  the  island  of  Ceylon. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso  (151G). 

Tapwell     {Timothy),     husband     of 


TARA.  976 


Froth,  put  into  business  by  Wellborn's 
father,  whose  butler  he  was.  When 
Wellborn  was  reduced  to  beggary, 
Timothy  behaved  most  insolently  to  him  ; 
but  as  soon  as  he  supposed  he  was  about 
to  marry  the  rich  dowager  lady  Allworth, 
the  rascal  fawned  on  him  like  a  whipped 
spaniel. — Massinger,  A  New  Way  to  Pay 
did  Debts  (1625). 

Tara  (The  Hill  of),  in  Heath,  Ireland. 
Here  the  kings,  the  clergy,  the  princes, 
and  the  bards  used  to  assemble  in  a  large 
hall,  to  consult  on  matters  of  public  im- 
portance. 

Tlio  harp  Oiat  once  thro'  Tara's  lialU 

The  soul  of  music  shed. 
Now  hangs  as  mute  on  Tara's  walls 

As  if  that  soul  were  fled. 
T.  Moore.  Irith  Melodi.-t  ("  The  Harp  that  Once . . ."  1814). 

Tara  (The  Fes  of),  the  triennial  con- 
vention established  by  011am  Fodlah  or 
Ollav  Fola,  in  b.c.  900  or  950.  When 
business  was  over,  the  princes  banqueted 
together,  each  under  his  shield  suspended 
by  the  chief  herald  on  the  wall  according 
to  precedency.  In  the  reign  of  Cormac, 
the  palace  of  Tara  was  900  feet  square, 
and  contained  150  apartments,  and  150 
dormitories  each  for  M\ty  sleepers.  As 
many  as  looo  guests  were  daily  enter- 
tained in  the  hall. 

Tara's  Psaltery  or  Paatttr  of  Tara, 
the  great  national  register  or  chronicles 
Of  Ireland,  read  to  the  assembled  princes 
when  they  met  in  Tara's  Hall  in  public 
conference. 

Their  trlle,  they  said,  their  high  degree. 
Was  sung  in  Tarat  rialt.-ry. 

Campbell,  O'Connvr't  Child. 

Tarpa  (Spur  ins  Met  ins),  a  famous 
critic  of  the  Augustan  age.  He  sat  in 
the  temple  of  Apollo  with  four  colleagues 

to  judge  the  merit  of  theatrical  pieces 
before  they  were  produced  in  public. 

He  gives  himself  out  for  another  Tarpa  :  derides  boldly. 
fend  supports  bit  opinions  Willi  loudness  anil  obstinacy. — 

Leave,  BU  isiat,  n.  lo  (1735). 

Tarpe'ian  Rock.  So  called  from 
Tarpeia,  daughter  of  Spurius  Tarpeius 
governor  of  the  citadel  on  the  Saturnian 
(i.e.  Capitoline)  Hill  of  Rome.  The  story 
is  that  the  Babines  bargained  with  the 
Roman  maid  to  open  the  gate?  to  them, 
for  the  "  ornaments  on  their  arms."  As 
they  passed  through  the  gates,  they  threw 
on  her  their  shields,  saying,  "  These  are 
the  ornaments  we  bear  on  our  arms." 
She  was  crushed  to  death,   and  buried   on 

the  Tarpeian  Bill.  Ever  alter,  traitors 
were  put  to  death  by  being  hurled  head- 
long from  ib"  t'iJI-t.op. 


TARTARO. 

Bear  him  to  the  rock  Tarpeian.  and  from  thence 
Into  destruction  cast  him. 

Sliakc-peare,  Coriolantu,  act  iil.  sc  1  (1810). 

%*  G.  Gilfillan,  in  his  introduction  to 
Longfellow's  poems,  makes  an  erroneous 
allusion  to  the  Soman  traitress.  He  says 
Longfellow's  "ornaments,  unlike  those 
of  the  Sabine  [sic]  maid,  have  not  crushed 
him." 

Tarquin,  a  name  of  terror  in  Roman 
nurseries. 

The  nurse,  to  still  her  child,  will  tell  my  story. 
And  fright  her  crying  babe  witli  Tanjuiu'a  name. 

Shakespeare,  Rape  of  Luerece  ( 15U4). 

Tarquin  ( Tlie  Fall  of).  The  well-known 
Roman  story  of  Sextus  Tarquinius  and 
Lucretia  has  been  dramatized  by  various 
persons,  as:  N.  Lee  (1679)  ;  John  Howard 
Payne,  Brutus  or  The  Fall  of  Ibrqum  (1820) 
— this  is  the  tragedy  in  which  Edmund 
Kean  appeared  with  his  son  Charles  at 
Glasgow,  the  father  taking  "Brutus" 
and  the  son  "  Titus."  Arnault  produced 
a  tragedy  in  French,  entitled  Luerece,  in 
1798  ;  and  Ponsard  in  1843.  Altieri  has  a 
tragedy  called  Brutus,  on  the  same  sub- 
ject. It  also  forms  indirectly  the  subject 
of  one  nf  the  lays  of  lord  Mucaulay,  called 
The  Bottle  of  the  Lake  Regiliut  (1842),  a 
battle  undertaken  by  the  Sal  dues  for  the 
restoration  of  Tarquin,  but  in  which  the 
king  and  his  two  sons  were  left  dead  upon 
the  field. 

Tarquinius  (Sextus)  having  vio- 
lated Lucretiaf  wife  of  Tarquinius  Colla- 
tinus,  caused  an  insurrection  in  Rome, 
whereby  the  magistracy  of  kings  was 
changed  for  that  of  consuls. 

%*  A  parallel  case  is  given  in  Spanish 
history:  Roderick  the  (loth,  king  of 
Spain,  having  violated  Klorinda  daugh- 
ter of  count  Julian,  was  the  cause  of 
Julian's  inviting  over  the  Moors,  who 
invaded  Spain,  drove  Roderick  from  the 
throne,  and  the  Gothic  dynasty  was  set 
aside  for  ever. 

Tartaro,  the  Basque  Cyclops ;  of 
giant  stature  and  cannibal  habits,  but  not 
without  a  rough  bonk'niimie.  Intellectu- 
ally very  low  in  the  scale,  and  invariably 
beaten  in  all  contests  with  men.  Galled 
in  spirit  by  his  ill  success,  the  giant 
commits  suicide.  Tartaro,  the  son  of  a 
king,  was  made  a  monster  out  of  punish- 
ment, and  was  never  to  lose  his  deformity 
till  he  married.  One  day,  he  asked  a 
girl  to  be  his  bride,  and  on  being  reft  ••'"d, 
Kent  her  "a  talking  ring,"  which  talked 
without  ceasing  immediately  she  put  it 
on  ;  so  ^he  cut  oil  her  linger  and  threw  it 


TARTLET. 

into  a  large  pond,  and  there  the  Tartaro 
drowned  himself.  —  Rev.  W.  Webster, 
Basque  Legends,  1-4  (1876). 

In  one  of  the  Basque  legends,  Tartaro 
is  represented  a9  a  Polyphemos,  whose 
one  eye  is  bored  out  with  spits  made  red 
hot  by  some  seamen  who  had  wandered 
inadvertently  into  his  dwelling.  Like 
Ulysses,  the  leader  of  these  seamen  made 
his  escape  by  the  aid  of  a  ram,  but  with 
this  difference — he  did  not,  like  Ulysses, 
cling  to  the  ram's  bell)',  but  fastened  the 
rani's  bell  round  his  neck  and  threw  a 
sheep-skin  over  his  shoulders.  When 
Tartaro  laid  hold  of  the  fugitive,  the  man 
escaped,  leaving  the  sheep-skin  in  the 
giant's  hand. 

Tartlet  (Tim),  servant  of  Mrs.  Patty- 
pan, to  whom  also  he  is  engaged  to  be 
married.  He  says,  "I  loves  to  see  life, 
because  vy,  'tis  so  agreeable." — James 
Cobb,  The  First  Floor,  i.  2  (1756-1818). 

Tartuffe  (2  syl.),  the  chief  character 
and  title  of  a  comedy  by  Moliere  ( 1 6(34). 
Tartuffe  is  a  religious  hypocrite  and  im- 
postor, who  uses  "  religion  "  as  the  means 
of  gaining  money,  covering  deceit,  and 
promoting  self-indulgence.  He  is  taken 
up  by  one  Orgon,  a  man  of  property, 
who  promises  him  his  daughter  in  mar- 
riage, but  his  true  character  being  ex- 
posed, he  is  not  only  turned  out  of  the 
house,  but  is  lodged  in  jail  for  felony. 

Isaac  Bickerstaff  has  adapted  Moliere's 
comedy  to  the  English  stage,  under  the 
title  of  The  Hypocrite  (17G8).  Tartuffe 
he  calls  "  Dr.  Cantwell,"  and  Orgon  "sir 
John  Lambert."  It  is  thought  that  "Tar- 
tuffe "  is  a  caricature  of  Pore  la  Chaise, 
the  confessor  of  Louis  XIV.,  who  was 
very  fond  of  truflles  (French,  tartuffes), 
and  that  this  suggested  the  name  to  the 
dramatist. 

Tartuffe  (Kaiser),  William  I.  the  king 
of  Prussia  and  emperor  of  Germanv 
(1797-        ). 

I  write  to  you,  my  dear  Augiistn, 
To  say  we've  had  a  reg'lar  "  buster." 
Te»  thousand  Frenchmen  seas  below; 
"Praise  God,  (ram  whom  all  blessings  flow." 
J'unck  (during  the  Franco-Prussian  war). 

Tartuffe  of  the  Revolution.  J. 
N.  Pache  is  so  called  by  Carlyle  (1740- 
1823). 

Swiss  Pache  sits  sleek-headed,  frugal,  the  wonder  of  his 
9wn  ally  lor  humility  of  mind.  ...  Sit  there,  Tartuffe, 
kill  wanted.—  Curly le. 

Tasnar,  an  enchanter,  who  aided  the 
rebel  army  arrayed  against  Misnar  sultan 
of  Delhi.  A  female  slave  undertook  to 
kill  the  enchanter,   and  went   .vith   the 


TATINUS. 

sultan's  sanction  to  cam*  out  her  promise. 
She  presented  herself  to  Tasnar  and  Aliu'- 
bal,  and  presented  papers  which  she  said 
she  had  stolen.  Tasnar,  suspecting  a  trick, 
ordered  her  to  be  bow-strung,  and  then 
detected  a  dagger  concealed  about  her 
person.  Tasnar  now  put  on  the  slave's 
dress,  and,  transformed  into  her  like- 
ness, went  to  the  sultan's  tent.  The  vizier 
commanded  the  supposed  slave  to  pros- 
trate "herself"  before  she  approached  the 
throne,  and  while  prostrate  he  cut  off 
"her"  head.  The  king  was  angry,  but 
the  vizier  replied,  "  This  is  not  the  slave, 
but  the  enchanter.  Fearing  this  might 
occur,  I  gave  the  slave  a  pass-word,  which 
this  deceiver  did  not  give,  and  was  thus 
betrayed.  So  perish  all  the  enemies  of 
Mahomet  and  Misnar  his  vicegerent  upon 
earth  !  "—Sir  C.  MoreU  [J.  Ridley],  'Tales 
of  the  Genii,  vi.  (1751). 

Tasnim,  a  fountain  in  Mahomet's 
paradise  ;  so  called  from  its  being  con- 
veyed to  the  very  highest  apartments  of 
the  celestial  mansions. 

They  shall  drink  of  pure  wine  .  .  .  and  the  water 
mixed  therewith  shall  he  of  Tasnim,  a  fountain  whereof 
those  shall  drink  who  approach  near  unto  the  divine 
presence. — Al  Kordn,  lvi. 

Tasso  and  Leonora.  WTien  Tasso 
the  poet  lived  in  the  court  of  Alfonso 
II.  the  reigning  duke  of  Ferrara,  he  fell 
in  love  with  Leonora  d'Este  (2  syl.)  the 
duke's  sister,  but  "  she  saw  it  not  or 
viewed  with  disdain"  his  passion,  and 
the  poet,  moneyless,  fled  half  mad  to 
Naples.  After  an  absence  of  two  years, 
in  which  the  poet  was  almost  starved  to 
death  by  extreme  poverty,  his  friends, 
together  with  Leonora,  induced  the  duke 
to  receive  him  back,  but  no  sooner  did  he 
reach  Ferrara  than  Alfonso  sent  him  to 
an  asylum,  and  here  he  was  kept  for 
seven  years,  when  he  was  liberated  by 
the  instigation  of  the  pope,  but  died  bona 
afterwards  (1544-1505). 

Taste,  a  farce  by  Foote  (1753),  to 
expose  the  imposition  of  picture-dealers 
and  sellers  of  virtu  generally. 

Tasting  Death.  The  rabbis  say 
there  are  three  drops  of  gall  on  the  sword 
of  death  :  one  drops  in  the  mouth  and  the 
man  dies ;  from  the  second  the  pallor  <>f 
death  is  suffused ;  from  the  third  the 
carcase  turns  to  dust.  —  Purchas,  Mis 
Pilgrimage  (1613). 

Tati'nus,   a  Greek   who   joined  the 

crusaders  with  a  force  of  200  men  armed 

with  "  crooked  sabres  "  and  bows.    Theso 

Greeks,  like  the  Parthians,  were  famous 

3  R 


TATIUS. 


978 


TEARLESS  BATTLE. 


in  retreat,  but  when  a  drought  came  they 
•11  sneaked  off  home. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered,  xiii.  (1575). 

Tatius  (Achilles),  the  acolyte,  an 
officer  in  the  Varangian  guard. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Tatlanthe  (3  syl.),  the  favourite  of 
Fadladinida  (queen  of  Queerummania  and 
wife  of  Chrononhotonthologos).  She  ex- 
tols the  warlike  de^ds  of  the  king,  sup- 
posing the  queen  will  feel  flattered  by  her 
praises;  and  Fadladinida  exclaims,  "Art 
mad,  Tatlanthe?  Your  talk's  distaste- 
ful. .  .  .  You  are  too  pertly  lavish  in  his 
praise ! "  She  then  guesses  that  the  queen 
loves  another,  and  says  to  herself,  "  I 
see  that  I  must  tack  about,"  and  happen- 
ing to  mention  "  the  captive  king,"  Fad- 
ladinida exclaims,  "That's  he!  that's  he  ! 
that's  he!  I'd  die  ten  thousand  deaths  to 
set  him  free."  Ultimately,  the  queen  pro- 
mises marriage  to  both  the  captive  king 
and  Rigdum-Funnidos  "to  make  matters 
easy."  Then,  turning  to  her  favourite, 
she  says : 

And  now,  Tatlanthe,  thou  art  all  my  care ; 
When  shall  I  timl  tliec  such  another  i  air? 
1'ity  that  you,  who've  served  so  Ions  ami  well. 
Should  die  a  virgin  and  lead  apM  in  hell. 
Choose  for  yourself,  dear  girl,  <>ur  empire  round; 
Your  portion  is  twelve  hundred  thousand  pound. 

H.  Carey.  C/iroiivnhutorithvlogoi  (1734). 

Tattle,  a  man  who  ruins  characters  by 
innuendo,  and  so  denies  a  scandal  as  to 
confirm  it.  lie  is  a  mixture  of  "  lying, 
foppery,  vanity,  cowardice,  bragging, 
licentiousness,  and  ugliness,  but  a  pro- 
fessed beau"  (act  i.).  Tattle  is  entrapped 
into  marriage  with  Mrs.  Frail. — Congreve, 
Love  for  Lute  (1C95). 

%*  "  Mrs.  Candour,"  in  Sheridan's 
School  for  Scandal  (1777),  is  a  Tattle  in 
petticoats. 

Tattycoram,  a  handsome  girl,  with 
lustrous  dark  hair  and  eyes,  who  dressed 
very  neatly.  She  was  taken  from  the 
Foundling  Hospital  (London)  by  Mr. 
Meagles  to  wait  upon  his  daughter.  She 
was  called  in  the  hospital  Harriet  lieadle. 
Harriet  was  changed  first  to  Hatty,  then 
to  Tatty,  and  Coram  was  added  because 
the  Foundling  stands  in  Coram  Street. 
She  was  most  impulsively  passionate, 
and  when  excited  had  no  control  over 
herself.  Miss  Wade  enticed  her  away 
for  a  time,  but  afterwards  she  returned 
to  her  first  friends. — C.  Dickens,  Little 
Dcrrit  (1857). 

Tavern  of  Europe  (The).  Paris 
was  called  by  prince  liismark,  Le  Cabaret 
dc  I'Kurope. 


Tawny  (Ke).  Alexandre  Bonvici 'no 
the  historian  was  called  11  Moretto  (1514- 
15G4). 

Tawny  Coats,  sumpners,  apparitors, 
officers  whose  business  it  was  to  summon 
offenders  to  the  courts  ecclesiastical, 
attendants  on  bishops. 

The  bishop  of  London  met  him  attended  on  by  a 
goodly  company  of  gentlemen  in  tawny  coats.— Stow, 
Chronicle  u/  England.  8-3  (1501). 

Taylor,  "  the  water-poet."  He 
wrote  four  score  books,  but  never  learnt 
"so  much  as  the  accidents  "  (1580-1654). 

Taylor,  their  better  Charon,  lends  an  oar. 
Once  Swan  of  Thames,  tho'  now  he  sings  no  more. 
Pope.  The  Duneiud.  iii.  19  (1"28). 

2'aylor  (Dr.  Chevalier  John).  He 
called  himself  "  Opthalminator,  Ponti- 
ficial,  Imperial,  and  Royal."  He  died 
1707.  Hogarth  has  introduced  him  in 
his  famous  picture  "  The  Undertaker's 
Arms."  He  is  one  of  the  three  figures 
atop,  to  the  left  hand  of  the  spectator ; 
the  other  two  are  Mrs.  Mapp  and  Dr. 
Ward. 

Teacher  of  Germany  (The), 
Philip  Melancihon,  the  reformer  (1497- 
1560). 

Teachwell  (Mrs.),  a  pseudonym  of 
lady  Ellinor  Fenn,  wife  of  sir  John 
Fenn,  of  East  Dereham,  Norfolk. 

Teague  (1  syl.),  an  Irish  lad,  taken 
into  the  service  of  colonel  Careless,  a 
royalist,  whom  he  serves  with  exemplary 
fidelity.  He  is  always  blundering,  and 
always  brewing  mischief,  with  the  most 
innocent  intentions.  His  bulls  and 
blunders  are  amusing  and  characteristic. 
— Sir  Robert  Howard,  The  Committee 
(1670),  altered  by  T.  Knight  into  Tlut 
Honest  Thieves. 

Who  .  .  .  has  not  a  recollection  of  the  incom- 
parable Johnstone  [Irith  Johnttone]  in  "  Teague,"  pie- 
bmflqnab  draped  in  his  blanket,  and  pouring  forth  hit 
exquisite  humour  and  roenifliioca  brogue  In  equal  measure 
—Mrs.  C.  Mathews,  JYu  Tabic  Talk. 

•»•  The  anecdote  of  Munden,  as 
"Obadiah,"when  Johnstone,  as  "Teague," 
poured  a  bottle  of  lamp  oil  down  his 
throat  instead  of  sherry-and-water,  is  one 
of  the  raciest  ever  told.   (See  Obadiah.) 

Tearless  Battle  (The),  a  battle 
fought  B.C.  367,  between  the  Lace- 
daemonians and  the  combined  armies  of 
the  Arcadians  and  Argivee  (2  syl.).  Not 
one  of  the  Spartans  fell,  so  that,  as 
Plutarch  says,  they  called  it  "  The  Tear- 
less Battle." 

%*  Not  one  was  killed  in  the  Abyssinian 
expedition  under  sir  R.  Napier  (1867-8;. 


TEAKS— AMBER. 


ttjy 


TELEMACHOS. 


Tears — Amber.  The  tears  shed  by 
the  sisters  of  Pha'eton  were  converted 
into  amber. — Greek  Fable. 

According  to  Pliny  (Natural  History, 
xxxvii.  2,  11),  amber  is  a  concretion  of 
birds'  tears,  but  the  birds  were  the  sisters 
of  Meleager,  who  never  ceased  weeping 
for  his  untimely  death. 

Tearsheet  (Doll),  a  common  cour- 
tezan. —  Shakespeare,  2  Henry  IV. 
(1598). 

Teazle  (Sir  Peter),  a  man  who,  in 
old  age,  married  a  country  girl  that 
proved  extravagant,  fond  of  pleasure, 
selfish,  and  vain.  Sir  Peter  was  for  ever 
nagging  at  her  for  her  inferior  birth  and 
rustic  ways,  but  secretly  loving  her  and 
admiring  her  nalvett.  He  says  to  Row- 
ley, "I  am  the  sweetest-tempered  man 
alive,  and  hate  a  teasing  temper,  and  so 
I  tell  her  ladyship  a  hundred  times  a 
day." 

No  one  could  deliver  such  a  dialogue  as  Is  found  In  "sir 
Peter  Tenzle  "  with  such  point  as  T.  King  [1730-1805].  He 
excelled  in  a  quiet,  sententious  manner  of  speech.  There 
was  an  epigrammatic  style  in  everything  he  uttered.  His 
voice  was  musical,  his  action  slow,  his  countenance  benig- 
•»ant  aud  yet  firm. — Watkins,  Life  of  Sheridan  (1817). 

Lady  Teazle,  a  lively,  innocent,  coun- 
try maiden,  who  married  sir  Peter,  old 
enough  to  be  her  grandfather.  Planted 
in  London  in  the  whirl  of  the  season, 
she  formed  a  liaison  with  Joseph  Surface, 
but  being  saved  from  disgrace,  repented 
and  reformed. — R.  B.  Sheridan,  School 
for  Scandal  (1777). 

On  April  7,  1797,  Miss  Farren.  about  to  marry  the  earl  of 
Derby,  took  her  final  leave  of  the  stage  in  the  character 
of  "  lady  Teazle."  Her  concluding  words  were  applicable 
in  a  very  remarkable  degree  to  herself :  "  Let  nie  request, 
lady  Sneerwell,  that  you  will  make  my  respects  to  the 
scandalous  college  of  which  you  are  a  member,  anil  inform 
them  that  lady  Teazle,  licentiate,  begs  leave  to  return  the 
diploma  they  granted  her,  as  she  now  leaves  off  practice, 
and  kills  characters  no  longer."  A  passionate  hurst  of  tears 
hero  revealed  the  sensibility  of  the  speaker,  while  a 
stunning  burst  of  applause  followed  from  the  audience, 
and  Uio  curtain  was  drawn  down  upon  the  play,  for  no 
more  would  be  listened  to.— Mrs.  C.  Mathews. 

Teeth.  Rigord,  an  historian  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  tells  that  when  Chos- 
roe's  the  Persian  carried  away  the  true 
cross  discovered  by  St.  Helena,  the 
number  of  teeth  in  the  human  race  was 
reduced.  Before  that  time  Christians 
were  furnished  with  thirty  and  in  some 
cases  with  thirty-two  teeth,  but  since  then 
no  human  being  has  had  more  than 
twenty-three  teeth. — See  Historiens  de 
France,  xviii. 

%*  The  normal  number  of  teeth  ia 
thirty-two  still.  This  "historic  fact"  is 
of  a  piece  with  that  which  ascribes  to 
woman  one  rib  more  than  to  man  (Gen. 
ii. 'Ji    •>■<>. 


Teetotal.  The  origin  of  this  word 
is  ascribed  to  Richard  (Dicky)  Turner, 
who,  in  addressing  a  temperance  meeting 
in  September,  1833,  reduplicated  the  word 
total  to  give  it  emphasis  :  "  We  not  only 
want  total  abstinence,  we  want  more,  we 
want  t-total  abstinence."  The  novelty 
and  force  of  the  expression  took  the 
meeting  by  storm. 

It  is  not  correct  to  ascribe  the  word  to 
Mr.  Swindlehurst  of  Preston,  who  is 
erroneously  said  to  have  stuttered. 

Te'ian  Muse,  Anacreon,  born  at 
Tei'os,  in  Ionia,  and  called  by  Ovid 
(Tristia,  ii.  364)  Tela  Musa  (b.c.  5o'3- 
478). 

The  Sclan   and  the  Telan  Muse  .  .   .  [Simonidtt  and 


Have  found  the  fame  your  shores  refuse. 
Byron,  Don  Juan,  hi.  86  f'The  isles  of  Greece,"  1820). 

%*  Probably  Byron  meant  SimonldCs 
of  Ceos.  Horace  (Carmlna,  ii.  1,  88j 
speaks  of  "  Cese  munera  nenice,"  meaning 
Simonides  ;  but  Scios  or  Scio  properly 
means  Chios,  one  of  the  seven  places 
which  laid  claim  to  Homer.  Both  Ceos 
and  Chios  are  isles  of  Greece. 

TeiTo  (St.),  a  Welsh  saint,  who  took 
an  active  part  against  the  Pelagian 
heresy.  When  he  died,  three  cities  con- 
tended for  his  body,  but  happily  the 
strife  was  ended  by  the  multiplication  of 
the  dead  body  into  three  St.  Teilos. 
Capgrave  insists  that  the  ipsissime  body 
was  possessed  by  Llandali".  —  Enylish 
Martyrology. 

Teirtu's  Harp,  which  played  of 
itself,  merely  by  being  asked  to  do  so, 
and  when  desired  to  cease  playing  did 
so. —  The  Malnnoijion  ("Kilhwch  and 
Olwen,"  twelfth  century). 

St.  Dunstan's  harp  discoursed  most 
enchanting  music  without  being  struck 
by  any  player. 

The  harp  of  the  giant,  in  the  tale  of 
Jack  and  the  Bean- Stalk,  played  of  itself. 
In  one  of  the  old  Welsh  tales,  the  dwarf 
named  Dewryn  Fychan  stole  from  a 
giant  a  similar  harp. 

Telemachos,  the  only  eon  of 
Ulysses  and  Penelope.  When  Ulysses 
had  beenabsenl  from  home  nearly  twenty 
years,  Telemachos  went  to  P\  los  and 
Sparta  to  gain  information  abont  him. 
Nestor  received  him  hospitably  at  l'ylos, 
and  sent  him  to  Sputa,  where  Menel&os 
told  him  the  prophecy  of  Proteus  (2  syl.) 
concerning  Ulysses.  He  then  returned 
home,  where  he  found  his  father,  and 
assisted    him    in    slaying    the    suitors. 


TELEMAQUE, 


080 


TELL. 


Telemachos  was  accompanied  in  his 
voyage  by  the  goddess  of  wisdom,  under 
the  form  of  Mentor,  one  of  his  father's 
friends.  (See  Telemaque.)  —  Greek 
Fabie. 

Telemaque  (Les  Armtures  de),  a 
French  prose  epic,  in  twenty-four  books, 
by  IVnelon  (Hi99).  The  tirst  six  books 
contain  the  story  of  the  hero's  adventures 
told  to  Calypso,  as  jEni  as  told  the  story 
of  the  burning  of  Tmy  and  his  travels 
from  Troy  to  Carthage  to  queen  Dido. 
Telemaque  says  to  the  goddess  that  he 
started  with  Mentor  from  Ithaca  in 
search  of  his  father,  who  had  been  absent 
fr<>m  home  for  nearly  twenty  yean.  He 
first  went  to  inquire  of  old  Nestor  if  he 
could  give  him  any  information  on  the 
subject,  and  Nestor  told  him  to  go  to 
Sparta,  and  have  an  Interview  with 
Menel&os.  (*n  leaving  Lacedssmonia,  he 
goi  shipwrecked  off  the  coast  of  Sicily, 

but  was  kindly  entreated  by  king 
-,  who  furnished  him  with  a  ship 
to  take  him  lnmie  (bk.  i.).  This  ship 
fell  into  the  hands  of  BOBM  Egyptians: 
he  was  pasted  from  Mentor,  and 
pent  tO  feed  she.  |>  in  Egypt,  King 
Sesostris,  conceiving  a  high  opinion  of 
the  young  man,  would  have  sent  him 
home,  but  died,  and  Telemaque  was  in- 
carcerated by  his  successor  in  a  dungeon 
overlooking  the  sea  i  bk.  ii.).  After  a  time, 

he  was  released,  and  sent  to  Tyre.  Here 
he  would  have  been  put  to  death  by 
Pygmalion,  had  he  not  bei  d  rescued  by 
Astarln",  the  king's  mistress  (bk.  iii.). 
Again  he  embarked,  reached  Cyprus,  and 
sailed  thence  to  Crete.  In  this  passage  be 
saw  Aniphitritr.  the  wife  of  tl 
her  magnificent  chariot  drawn  I 
horses  (bk.  iv.).  On  landing  in  Crete,  he 
was  told  the  tale  of  king  idomeneus  (4 

s;//.),  who  made  a  vow  if  he  reached  home 
in  safety  after  the  siege  of  Troy,  that  he 
would  offer  ir.  sacrifice  the  first  living 
being  thai  came  to  meet  him.  This 
happened  to  be  his  own  son  ;  but  when 
Idomeneus  proceeded  to  do  according  to 
his  vow,  the  Cretans  were  so  indignant 
that  they  drove  him  from  the  island. 
n  ithout  a  ruler,  the  islanders  asked 
'lib  maque  to    be    their    king    (bk.    v.). 

This  he  declined,  but  Mentor  advised  the 

Cretans  to  place  the  rein--  of  government 
in  the  hands  of  AristodCmoa.  <  »n  leav- 
ing Crete,  the  vessel  was  again  wreckedf 

and  Telemaque  with  Mentor  was  cast  on 
the  island  of  Calypso  (bk.  vi.).  litre 
the  narrative  closes,  and  the  re-t  of  the 
Story    gives    the     several    adventures    of 


Telc'maque  from  this  point  till  he  reaches 
Ithaca.  Calypso,  having  fallen  in  love 
with  the  young  prince,  tried  to  detain 
him  in  her  island,  and  even  burnt  the 
ship  which  Mentor  had  built  to  carry 
them  home;  but  Mentor,  determined  to 
quit  the  island,  threw  Telemaque  from  a 
crag  into  the  sea,  and  then  leaped  in  after 
him.  They  had  now  to  swim  for  their 
lives,  and  they  kept  themselves  afloat  till 
they  were  picked  up  by  some  Tyrians 
(bk.  vii.).  The  captain  of  the  ship  was 
very  friendly  to  Telemaque,  and  pr  i 

to  take  him  with  his  friend  to  Ithaca,  but 
the  pilot  by  mistake  landed  thein  on' 
Salentum  (i>k.  ix.).  Here  Telemaque, 
being  bold  that  his  father  was  dead,  deter- 
mined to  go  down  to  the  infernal  region! 
to  see  him  (hk.  xviii.).  In  hades  he  was 
informed  that  Ulysses  was  still  alive 
(bk.  xix.).  So  he  returned  to  the  upper 
earth  (bk.  xxii.),  embarked  again,  and 
this  time  reached  Ithaca,  where  he  fouud 
his  father,  and  Mentor  left  him. 

Tell  (Gxtgliclmo  or  William),  chief  oi 
the    CI  "f    the    forest    cantons 

of  Switzerland,  and  son-in-law  of 
Walter  Furst.  Having  refused  t"  salute 
the  Austrian  cap  which  Gessler,  the 
.1  governor,  hail  set  up  in  the 
market-place  of  Altorf,  he  was  eon- 
1  to  shoot  an  apple  from  the  head 
Of  his   own    son.     He  in  this 

perilous  task,  but  letting  fall  a  coi 
arrow,   was  asked   by  bessler  with  what 

■  e  had  w  creted  it.    "  To  k; 
tyrant,"   he   replied,    "if  I   had   failed. 
The    governor   now   ordered   him   to   be 
carried  in  chains  aciOH  the  lake  Lucemt 
to    rTtllHTtilThi    Castle,    "there    to    be  de- 
voured alive  by  reptiles;"  but,  a  violent 
storm  having  arisen   on   the  hike,  | 
unchained,  that  he  might  take  the   helm. 
r    was    on    board,    and    when    the 
VI  Ml  1     ncared      the     castle,     Tell      leapt 
ashore,   gave    the  boat  a   push   into    the 
lake,  and  shot  the  governor.    After  this 
he     liberated     his     country     from     ths 
Austrian  yoke  (1807). 

This  story  of  William  Tell  is  told  of  a 
host    of  persona,     tor  example  : 
the  brother  of  Wayland  Smith,  was 
manded    by    king    Nidung   to    shoot   an 
apple  from  the  head  of  his  son.     Egil,  like 
Tell,  took    two  arrows,   and   being  SSked 
why,    replied,  as    Tell    did   to    I 
"To  shoot   thee,  tyrant,  if  1  fail  in  my 
task." 

A  similar  story  is  told  of  Olaf  and 
Eindridi,  in  Norway.  King  Olaf  dared 
Kindridi   to  a   trial   of  skill.     An  apple 


TELL. 


981 


TEMORA. 


was  placed  on  the  head  of  Eindridi's  son, 
and  the  king  shooting  at  it  grazed  the 
boy's  head,  but  the  father  carried  off  the 
apple  clean.  Eindridi  had  concealed  an 
arrow  to  aim  at  the  king,  if  the  boy  had 
been  injured. 

Another  Norse  tale  is  told  of  Hemingr 
and  Harald  son  of  Sigurd  (1060).  After 
various  trials  of  skill,  Harald  told  Hemingr 
to  shoot  a  nut  from  the  head  of  Bjorn, 
his  young  brother.  In  this  he  succeeded, 
not  with  an  arrow,  but  with  a  spear. 

A  similar  tale  is  related  of  Geyti,  son 
of  Aslak,  and  the  same  Harald.  The 
place  of  trial  was  the  Faroe  Isles.  In 
this  case  also  it  was  a  nut  placed  on  the 
head  of  Bjorn. 

Saxo  Grammatlcus  tells  nearly  the 
same  story  of  Toki,  the  Danish  hero,  and 
Harald  ;  but  in  this  trial  of  skill  Toki 
killed  Harald. — Danorum  Begum  Heroum- 
que  Historia  (1514). 

Reginald  Scot  says  that  Puncher  shot 
a  penny  placed  on  his  son's  head,  but 
made  ready  another  arrow  to  slay  the 
duke  Remgrave  who  had  set  him  the 
task  (1584). 

*„.*  It  is  said  of  Domitian,  the  Roman 
emperor,  that  if  a  boy  held  up  his  hands 
with  the  fingers  spread,  he  could  shoot 
eight  arrows  in  succession  through  the 
spaces  without  touching  one  of  the 
fingers. 

William  of  Cloudesley,  to  show  the  king 
his  skill  in  shooting,  bound  his  eldest 
eon  to  a  stake,  put  an  apple  on  his  head, 
and,  at  the  distance  of  300  feet,  cleft  the 
apple  in  two  without  touching  the  boy. 

I  have  a  son  is  seven  year  old, 

He  is  to  me  full  clear, 
I  will  hym  tye  to  a  stake .  .  . 
And  lay  an  apple  upon  his  head. 

And  go  six  score  paces  hym  fro, 
And  I  myselfe  with  a  broad  arrow 

Will  cleve  the  apple  in  two. 

Percy,  Reliquet. 

Similar  feats  of  skill  are  told  of  Adam 
Bell  and  Clym  of  the  Clough. 

In  Altorf  market-place,  the  spot  is 
still  pointed  out  where  Tell  shot  the 
apple  from  his  son's  head,  and  a  plaster 
6tatue  stands  where  the  patriot  stood 
when  he  took  his  aim. 

See  Roman  fire  In  Hampden's  bosom  swell, 
And  fate  and  freedom  in  the  shaft  of  Tell. 

Campbell,  Pleaturcs  of  JJope,  L  (1789). 

%*  The  legend  of  William  Tell  has 
furnished  Florian  with  the  subject  of  a 
novel  in  French  (1788)  ;  A.  M.  Lemierre 
with  his  tragedy  of  Guillaume  Tell  (1766); 
Schiller  with  a  tragedy  in  German,  Wil- 
helm  2W/(1804)  ;  Knowles  with  a  tragedy 
in    English,    William   Tell    (1810);    and 


Rossini     with    the    opera    of   Guglielmo 
Tell,  in  Italian  (1829). 

Macready's  performance  in  Tell  [Knmclet's  drama]  li 
always  first  rate.  No  actor  ever  affected  me  more  than 
Macreadydid  in  some  icenesof  that  play  (l~t*3-1873^— 
S.  Rogers. 

Tellus's  Son,  Anteos  son  of  Posei'- 
don  and  Ge,  a  giant  wrestler  of  Lib'ya, 
whose  strength  was  irresistible  so  long  as 
he  touched  his  mother  (earth).  Hercules, 
knowing  this,  lifted  him  into  the  air,  and 
crushed  him  to  death.  Near  the  town  of 
Tingis,  in  Mauritania,  is  a  hill  in  the  shape 
of  a  man  called  "  The  Hill  of  Antaeos,"and 
said  to  be  his  tomb. 

So  some  have  feigned  that  Tellus'  giant  son 

Drew  many  new-born  lives  from  his  dead  mother  1 
Another  rose  as  soon  as  one  was  done, 

And  twenty  lost,  yet  still  remained  another. 
For  when  lie  fell  and  kissed  the  barren  heath. 
His  parent  straight  inspire  1  successive  breath, 
And  tho'  herself  was  dead,  jet  ransomed  him  from  death. 
Phineas  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Jtland,  ix.  (1633). 

%*  Similarly,  Bernardo  del  Carpu. 
lifted  Orlando  in  his  arms,  and  squeezed 
him  to  death,  because  his  body  was  proof 
against  any  instrument  of  war. 

Te'mir,  i.e.  Tamerlane.  The  word 
occurs  in  Paradise  Lost,  xi.  389  (1GG5). 

Temliha,  king  of  the  serpents,  in  the 
island  of  serpents.  King  Temliha  was 
"a  small  yellow  serpent,  of  a  glowing 
colour,"  with  the  gift  of  human  speech, 
like  the  serpent  which  tempted  Eve. — 
ComtedeCaylus,  Oriental  2a/es("  History 
of  Aboutaleb,"  1743). 

Tem'ora,  in  Ulster,  the  palace  ol 
the  Caledonian  kings  in  Ireland.  The 
southern  kingdom  was  that  of  the  Fir- 
bolg  or  Belgtc  from  South  Britain,  whose 
seat  of  government  was  at  Atha,  in 
Connaught. 

Tem'ora,  the  longest  of  the  Ossianic 
prose-poems,  in  eight  books.  The  sub-  . 
ject  is  the  dethronement  of  the  kings  of 
Connaught,  and  consolidation  of  the  two 
Irish  kingdoms  in  that  of  Ulster.  It 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  there  were 
two  colonies  in  Ireland — one  the  Fir- 
bolg  or  British  Belgae,  settled  in  the 
south,  whose  king  was  called  the  "  lord 
of  Atha,"  from  Atha,  in  Connaught,  the 
seat  of  government ;  and  the  other  the 
Cad,  from  Caledonia,  in  Scotland,  whose 
seat  of  government  was  Tenidra,  in 
Ulster.  When  Crothar  was  u  lord  of 
Atha,"  he  wished  to  unite  the  two 
kingdoms,  and  with  this  view  carried  off 
Conlama,  only  child  of  the  rival  king, 
and  married  her.  The  Caledonians  of 
Scotland     interfered,    and     Conar     the 


TEMPE. 

brother  of  Fingal  was  sent  with  an  army 
against  the  usurper,  conquered  him, 
reduced  the  south  to  a  tributary  state, 
and  restored  in  his  own  person  the 
kingdom  <>f  Ulster.  After  a  few  years, 
<  '..rinac  II.  (a  minor)  became  king  of 
Ulster  and  over-lord  of  Connaught.  The 
Fir-bolg  seizing  this  opportunity  of  re- 
volt, Cairbar  "lord  of  Atlia"  threw  off 
his  subjection,  and  murdered  the  young 
king  in  his  palace  of  Temora.  Fingal 
into  rfered  in  behalf  of  the  Caels;  but  no 
sooner  had  he  landed  in  Ireland,  than 
Cairbar  invited  Oscar  (Fingal'a  grandson) 
to  a  banquet,  picked  a  Quarrel  with  him 

in   the  banquet  hall,  and  both    fell  dead, 

each  by  the  other's  hand.  <>n  the  death 
cf  Cairbar,  Foldath  became  leader  of  the 

Fir-bolg,  but  was  slain  by  Fillan 
Fingal.     Fillan,   in  turn,    was   slain    by 
Clatbmor  brother    of   Cairbar. 
now  took  the  lead  of  his  army  in  person, 
slew  Clathmor,  r^'lu<-«-.i  the  Fir-bolg  to 
robmisnon,   and    placed    on    the    throne 
Ferad-Artho,  the    only    survival 
cendant  of   Conar  (first  of  the  kings  of 
Ulster  of  Caledonian  race). 

Tempo   ('-'  »yl.),  a  valley  in  Greece, 

en    mount    Olympus    and    mount 

The  word  Mas  employed  by  the 

(Ireek  and   Roman  potts  us  a  synonym 

for  any  valley  noted  for  its  cool  shades, 

singing  birds,  and  romantic  scenery. 

Ttioy  wmiM  lirwe  thought,  who  heard  t lie    train, 

i.al.Li, 
Amiil"!  tin-  I  idea 

To  some  unwearied  nnn-orl  dendna 

(■  II ins,  ode  to  the  1-  tuiont  (1740). 

Tempest  (T/tc),  a  drama  by  Shake- 
speare (1609).  I'rospero  and  liis  daughter 
Miranda  lived  on  a  desert  ialai 
chant< -d  by  BycBrax  who  was  dead.  The 
only  other  inhabitants  wire  Caliban, 
the  son  of  Bycorax,  a  strange  misshapen 
tiling  like  a  gorilla,  and  Ariel  a  sprit.-, 
who  had  been  imprisoned  by  Syeorax 
for  twelve  years  in  the  rift  of  a  pine 
tree,  from  which  I'rospero  set  him  free. 
One  day,  I'rospero  saw  a  ship  off  the 
island,  and  raised  a  tempest  to  wreck  it. 
By  this  means,  his  brother  Anthonio,  prince 
Ferdinand,  and  the  king  of  Naples  were 
brought  to  the  island.  Now  it  must  be 
known  that  I'rospero  was  once  .hike  of 
Milan;  but  his  brother  Anthonio,  aided 
by  the  kin^  of  Naples,  had  usurped  the 
throne,  and  set  Prospero  and  Miranda 
adrift  in  a  small  boat,  which  was  wind- 
driven  to  this  des.rt  island.  Ferdinand 
(son  of  the  kin;:  of  Naples)  and  Miranda 
fell    in    love    with    each   other,    and     the 

rc*t   of    the  shipwrecked    party    bi  in  ; 


982  TEMPLE. 


brought  together  by  Ariel,  Anthonio  asked 
forgiveness  of  his  brother,  Prospero  was 
restored  to  his  dukedom,  and  the  whole 
party  was  conducted  by  Ariel  with  pros- 
perous breezes  back  to  Italy. 

%•  Drydcn  has  a  drama  called  The 
Tempest  (1CC8). 

Tempest  (The),  a  sobriquet  of  marshal 
Junot,  one  of  Napoleon's  generals,  noted 
for  his  martial  impetuosity  (1771-1813). 

Tmpest  (T?te  Hm.  Mr.),  late  governor 

gambia.     He  was  the  son  of  lord 

Hurricane;     impatient,    irascible,    head- 

.  and  poor.     He  says  he  never  wis 

itfa  water  since  he  was   born,  fcr 

being  only  a  younger  son,  his  fathi 

him  no   education,    taught  him  nothing, 

and  then  buffeted  him  for  being  a  dunce. 

First  1  was  turned    nto  the  army ;  there  I  got  broken 
bones  nml  empt}  [*TtT%tH     Then  I  waa  banbbed  to  the 
AfrJOB,  w  gut  era  the  earages  of  ScuegaiuUa.— 
Act  u.  1. 

Miss  Emily  [TcmjxstJ,  daughter  of  Mr. 

Tempest  ;    a  great    wit   of   very   lively 

Her  father  wanted   her  to   marry 

sir  David   Daw,  a  great   lout  with  plenty 

of  money,  but  she  fixed  her  heart  on 

captain   Henry   Woodville,  the  son    of  a 
man  ruined  by  gambling.     The  prt 
was  not  cheering,  but  Penruddock 

forward,  and  by  making  them  rich,  made 
them  happy. — Cumberland,  The  Wheel 
of  Fortune  (l^l'J). 

Tempest  (T^idy  Betty),  a  lady  with 
beauty,  fortune,  and  family,  whose  head 
was  turned  by  plays  and  romances.  She 
fancied  a  plain  man  no  better  than  a  fool, 
and  resolved  to  many  only  a  gay, 
fashionable,  dashing  young  spark.  Bar- 
ing rejected  many  offers  because  the 
suitor  did  not  come  unto  her  ideal,  she 
was  gradually  left  in  the  cold.  Now  she 
say  i  nlv  for  aunts  and  cousins, 
in  ball-rooms  is  a  wallflower,  and  in 
society  generally  is  esteemed  a  piece  of 
fashionable  lumber. — Goldsmith,  A  Citi- 
zen of  the  World,  xxviii.  (1759). 

Templars  (Knu/hts),  an  order  of 
knighthood  founded  in  1118  for  the 
e  of  the  Temple  in  Jerusalem. 
Dissolved  in  1312,  and  their  land 
transferred  to  the  Hospitallers.  They 
robe  with  arc/  cross;  but  the 
Hospitallers  a  black  robe  with  a  tchtts 
pjesja 

Temple  (The).  When  Solomon  was 
dying,  he  prayed  that  he  might  remain 
Standing  till  the  Temple  was  completely 
finished.      The  prayer   was  granted,  and 


TEMPLE. 


983 


TERENCE  OF  ENGLAND. 


te  remained  leaning  on  his  staff  till  the 
Temple  was  finished,  when  the  staff  was 
gnawed  through  by  a  worm,  and  the  dead 
body  fell  to  the  ground. — Charles  White, 
The  Cashmere  Shawl. 

Temple  (Launcclot),  the  nom  de  plume 
of  John  Armstrong,  the  poet  (1709-177t)). 

Temple  Bar,  called  "  The  City 
Golgotha,"  because  the  heads  of  traitors, 
etc.,  were  at  one  time  exposed  there  after 
decapitation.  The  13ar  was  removed  in 
1.878. 

•  Templeton  (Laurence),  the  pseu- 
donym under  which  sir  W.  Scott  pub- 
lished Iuanhoe.  The  preface  is  initialed 
L.  T.,  and  the  dedication  is  to  the  Kev 
Dr.  Dryasdust  (1820). 

Ten  Animals  in  Paradise  ( TIw) 
According  to  Mohammedan  belief,  ten 
animals,  besides  man,  are  admitted  int? 
heaven :  (1)  Kratim,  Ketmir,  or  Catnicr, 
the  dog  of  the  seven  sleepers ;  (2)  Ba- 
laam's ass ;  (3)  Solomon's  ant ;  (4) 
Jonah's  whale  ;  (5)  the  calf  [sic']  offered 
to  Jehovah  by  Abraham  in  lieu  of  Isaac  : 
(6)  the  ox  of  Moses  ;  (7)  the  camel  of 
the  prophet  Salech  or  Saleh  ;  £8)  the 
cuckoo  of  Belkis  ;  (9)  Ismael's  ram  ;  an# 
(10)  Al  Borak,  the  animal  which  con- 
veyed Mahomet  to  heaven. 

There  is  diversity  in  some  lists  of  th# 
ten  animals.  Some  substitute  for  Ba- 
laam's ass  the  ass  of  Aazis,  Balkis,  of 
Maqueda,  queen  of  Sheba,  who  went  ti 
visit  Solomon.  And  some,  but  thest 
can  hardly  be  Mohammedans,  think  the 
ass  on  which  Christ  rode  to  Jerusalem 
should  not  be  forgotten.  But  none  seem 
inclined  to  increase  the  number. 

TenCommandments(i  Woman's), 
the  two  hands  with  which  she  scratches 
the  faces  of  those  who  offend  her. 

Could  I  come  near  jour  beauty  with  my  nails, 
I'd  set  my  ten  commandments  in  your  face. 

Shakespeare,  2  Henry  VI.  act  L  sc.  3  (1591). 

Tenantius,  the  father  of  Cymbeline 
and  nephew  of  Cassibelan.  He  was  the 
younger  son  of  Lud  king  of  the  southern 
part  of  Britain.  On  the  death  of  Lud, 
his  younger  brother  Cassibelan  succeeded, 
and  on  the  death  of  Cassibelan  the  crown 
came  to  Tenantius,  who  refused  to  pay 
the  tribute  to  Rome  exacted  from  Cassi- 
belan on  his  defeat  by  Julius  Caesar. 

Tendo  Achillis,  a  strong  sinew 
running  along  the  heel  to  the  calf  of  the 
leg.  So  called  because  it  was  the  only 
vulnerable  part  of  Achilles.      The  tale  is 


that  Thetis  held  him  by  the  heel  when 
she  dipped  him  in  the  Styx,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  the  water  did  not  wet 
the  child's  heel.  The  story  is  post- 
Homeric. 

Tenglio,  a  river  of  Lapland,  on  the 
banks  of  which  roses  grow. 

I  was  surprised  to  see  upon  the  banks  of  this  river  [the 
Tenglio]  roses  as  lovely  a  red  as  any  that  are  in  our  own 
gardens.  —  Mons.  do  MaupertuU,  Voyage  au  Ceicle 
1'olaire  (1738). 

Teniers  {The  English),  George  Mcr- 
land  (1703-1804). 

Teniers  (The  Scottish),  sir  David 
Wilkie  (1785-1811). 

Teniers  of  Comedy  (TJie),  Florent 
Carton  Dancourt  (1061-1726). 

Tennis-Bali  of  Fortune  (The), 
Pertinax,  the  Roman  emperor.  He  was 
first  a  charcoal-seller,  then  a  school- 
master, then  a  soldier,  then  an  emperor  ; 
but  within  three  months  he  was  dethroned 
and  murdered  (126-193 ;  reigned  from 
January  1  to  March  28,  a.d.  193). 

Tent  (Prince  Ahmed's),  a  tent  given 
to  him  by  the  fairy  Pari-Banou.  It 
would  cover  a  whole  army,  yet  would 
fold  up  into  so  small  a  compass  that  it 
might  be  carried  in  one's  pocket. — Ara- 
bian Nil  jlits. 

Solomon's  carpet  of  green  silk  was 
large  enough  to  afford  standing  room  for 
a  whole  army,  but  might  be  carried  about 
like  a  pocket-handkerchief. 

The  ship  Skidbladnir  would  hold  all  the 
deities  of  Valhalla,  but  might  be  folded 
up  like  a  roll  of  parchment. 

Bayard,  the  horse  of  the  four  sons  of 
Aymon,  grew  larger  or  smaller,  as  one  or 
more  of  the  four  sons  mounted  on  its 
f>ack.—  Villeneuve,  Les  Quatre  Filz  Ay- 
mon. 

Tents  ( Tlie  father  of  such  as  dwell  in), 
Jrbal.— Gen.  iv.  20. 

T^rebin'thus,  Ephes-dammim  o* 
Pas  clammim. — 1  Sam.  xvii.  1. 

0  Miou  that  'gainst  Goliath's  impious  head 
Th».»nuthful  arms  in  Terehinthiis  sped, 
Wh«  i  the  proud  foe.  who  scoffed  at  Israel's  band. 
Fell  by  the  weapon  of  a  stripling  hand. 

Tasso,  Jerutulcm  Delivered,  TiL  (15,  5). 

Ternxce  of  England  (The), 
Richard  Cumberland  (1732-1811). 

Here  Cumberland  lies,  having  acted  his  parts  ; 

The  Terence  ol  England,  the  mender  of  heart*; 

A  flattering  priider,  wW>  made  it  his  care 

To  draw  men  as  ihey  ouxht  to  he.  not  as  they  are  .  .  . 

Say  .  .  .  wherefore  his  characters,  thus  without  fault, . 

Quite  sick  of  pursing  eat  h  troublesome  elf. 

He  grew  lazy  at  1»^  fid  in«*  me  » .Tom  himself. 

gjv«v\  w»T<ir«o'>\\r'4& 


TERESA. 


984 


TERROR  OF  FRANCE. 


Tere'sa,  the  female  associate  of  Fer- 
dinand count  Fathom. — Smollett,  Count 
Fathom  (1754). 

Teresa  d'Acunha,  lady's-maid  of 
Joseline  countess  of  Glenallan. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Antiquary  (time,  George  III.). 

Teresa  Panza,  wife  of  Sancho 
Panza.  In  pt.  I.  i.  7  she  is  called  Dame 
Juana  [Gutierez].  In  pt.  II.  iv.  7  she  is 
called  Maria  [Gutierez].  In  pt.  I.  iv.  she 
ia  called  Joan. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote 
(1605-15). 

Tereus  [ Te'.ruse],  king  of  Daulis,  and 
the  husband  of  Procne.  Wishing  after- 
wards to  marry  Philomela,  her  sister,  he 
told  her  that  Procne  was  dead.  He  lived 
with  his  new  wife  for  a  time,  and  then 
cut  out  her  tongue,  lest  she  should  expose 
his  falsehood  to  Procne  ;  but  it  was  of 
no  use,  for  Philomela  made  known  her 
story  in  the  embroidery  of  a  peplus. 
Tereus,  finding  his  home  too  hot  for  his 
wickedness,  rushed  after  Procne  with  an 
axe,  but  the  whole  party  was  metamor- 
phosed into  birds.  Tereus  was  changed 
into  a  hoopoo  (some  say  a  lapwing,  an  1 
others  an  owl),  Procne  into  a  swallow, 
and  I'hilomela  into  a  nightingale. 

So  was  thr.t  tyrant  Tereus1  nasty  lust 
Changed  into  Upupa's  foul-feeding  ilust 

Lord  Brooke,  Declination  of  Monarchic. 

%*  Those  who  have  read  Titus  Andro- 
gens (usually  bound  up  with  Shake- 
speare's plays)  will  call  to  mind  the  story 
of  Lavinia,  defiled  by  the  sons  of  Ta- 
miira,  who  afterwards  plucked  out  her 
tongue  and  cut  off  her  hands ;  but  she 
told  her  tale  by  guiding  a  staff  with  her 
mouth  and  stumps,  and  writing  it  in  the 
sand. 

Fair  Philomela,  she  but  lost  her  tongue, 
Ami  in  a  tedious  sampler  sewed  lier  mind. 
But,  lovely  niece,  that  mean  is  rut  from  thee  ; 
A  craftier  Tereus,  cousin,  but  thoo  met. 
Anil  be  bath  cut  those  pretty  fingers  i.ff, 
That  could  have  better  sewed  than  Philomel. 

Act  ii.  sc.  4  (15'J3). 

Ter'il  (Sir  Walter).  The  king  exacts 
an  oath  from  sir  Walter  to  send  his  bride 
Crelestina  to  court  on  her  wedding  night. 
Her  father,  to  save  her  honour,  gives  her 
n  mixture  supposed  to  be  poison,  but  in 
reality  only  a  sleeping  draught,  from 
which  she  awakes  in  due  time,  to  the 
amusement  of  the  king  and  delight  of 
her  husband. — Thomas  Dekker,  £>atiro- 
mastix  (11)02). 

Termagant,  an  imaginary  being, 
supposed  by  the  crusaders  to  be  a  Mo- 
hammedan deity.  In  the  Old  Moralities, 
the  degree  of   rant  was  the  measure  of 


the  wickedness  of  the  character  por- 
trayed ;  so  Pontius  Pilate,  Judas  Iscariot, 
Termagant,  the  tyrant,  Sin,  and  so  on, 
were  all  ranting  parts.  Painters  ex- 
pressed degrees  of  wickedness  by  degrees 
of  shade. 

I  would  have  such  a  fellow  whipped  for   o'erdolng 
Termagant— Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  act  iii.  sc  S  (15%). 

Termagant,  the  maid  of  Harriet  Quid- 
nunc. She  uses  most  wonderful  words, 
as  paradropsical  for  "rhapsodical,"  per- 
jured for  "  assured,"  physiology  for 
"  philology,"  curacy  for  "accuracy," _/?</- 
nification  for  "signification,"  importation 
for  "import,"  anecdote  for  "antidote," 
infirmaries  for  "  infirmities,"  intimidate 
for  "intimate." — Murphy,  The  Upholsterer 
(1758). 

Ter'meros,  a  robber  of  Peloponnesos, 
who  killed  his  victims  by  cracking  their 
skulls  against  his  own. 

Termosi'ris,  a  priest  of  Apollo,  in 
Egypt ;  wise,  prudent,  cheerful,  and 
courteous. — Fenelon,  Te'le'maque,  ii.(1700). 

Ternotte,  one  of  the  domestics  of 
lady  Eveline  Berenger  "  the  betrothed." 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  tlie  Betrothed  (time, 
Henry  II.). 

Terpin  (Sir),  a  king  who  fell  into 
the  power  of  Radigund  queen  of  the 
Amazons.  Refusing  to  dress  in  female 
attire,  as  she  commanded,  and  to  sew, 
card  wool,  spin,  and  do  house  work,  he 
was  doomed  to  be  gibbeted  by  her 
women.  Sir  Artegal  undertook  his 
cause,  and  a  fight  ensued,  which  lasted 
all  day.  When  daylight  closed,  Radi- 
gund proposed  to  defer  the  contest  till 
the  following  day,  to  which  sir  Artegal 
acceded.  Next  day,  the  knight  was 
victorious ;  but  when  he  saw  the  brave 
queen  bleeding  to  death,  he  took  pity  on 
her,  and,  throwing  his  6word  aside,  ran 
to  succour  her.  Up  started  Radigund  as 
he  approached,  attacked  him  like  a  fury, 
and,  as  he  had  no  sword,  he  was,  of 
course,  obliged  to  yield.  So  the  contest 
was  decided  against  him,  and  sir  Terpin 
was  hung  by  women,  as  Radigund  had 
commanded. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  v.  5 
(1596). 

Terpsichore  [Terp.sic'.o.re],  the 
Muse  of  dancing. — Greek  Fable. 

Terrible  (The),  Ivan  IV.  or  II.  of 
Russia  (1529,  1533-1584). 

Terror  of  France  (The),  John 
Talbot  first  earl  of  Shrewsbury  (1874- 
1463). 


TEKROR  OF  THE  WORLD. 


986 


TKZOZOMOC. 


Ii  this  the  Tatbot,  so  much  feared  abroad, 
That  with  his  name  the  mothers  -.till  their  habest 
Shakespeare,  1  Uenry  vi.  act  ii.  so.  s  (lo-w). 

Terror  of  the  World  {The),  Attlla 
king  of  the  Huns  (*— 453). 

Terry  Alts,  a  lawless  body  of  rebels, 
who  sprang  up  in  Clare  (Ireland)  alter 
the  union,  and  committed  great  outrages. 

The  "  Thrashers  "  of  Connaught,  the 
"Carders,"  the  followers  of  "captain 
Right"  in  the  eighteenth  century,  those 
cf  "  captain  Rock "  who  appeared  in 
1822,  and  the  "  Fenians"  in  1805,  were 
•imilar  disturbers  of  the  peace.  The 
watchword  of  the  turbulent  Irish,  some 
ten  years  later,  was  "  Home  Rule." 

Tesoretto,  an  Italian  poem  by  Bru- 
uetto  preceptor  of  Dante  (1285).  The 
poet  says  he  was  returning  from  an 
embassy  to  the  king  of  Spain,  and  met 
a  scholar  on  a  bay  mule,  who  told  him 
of  the  overthrow  of  the  Guelfi.  Struck 
with  grief,  he  lost  his  road, "and  wandered 
into  a  wood,  where  Dame  Nature  accosted 
him,  and  disclosed  to  him  the  secrets  of 
her  works.  On  he  wandered  till  he  came 
to  a  vast  plain,  inhabited  by  Virtue  and 
her  four  daughters,  together  with 
Courtesy,  Bounty,  Loyalty,  and  Prowess. 
Leaving  this,  he  came  to  a  fertile  valley, 
which  was  for  ever  shifting  its  appear- 
ance, from  round  to  square,  from  light 
to  darkness.  This  was  the  valley  of  queen 
Pleasure,  who  was  attended  by  Love, 
Hope,  Fear,  and  Desire.  Ovid  comes  to 
Tesoretto  at  length,  and  tells  him  how  to 
effect  his  escape. 

Tes'sira,  one  of  the  leaders  of  the 
Moorish  host. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516). 

Tests  of  Chastity.  Alasnam's 
mirror  (p.  15)  ;  the  brawn  or  boar's  head 
(p.  130)  ;  drinking-horns  (see  Arthur's 
Dbinking-IIokn,  p.  55;  Siu  CRADOOK 

AND     THE     DlUNK.lNU-ll(>KN,     p.     100); 

Florimel's  girdle  (p.  311)  ;  grotto  of 
Ephesus  (p.  400)  ;  the  test  mantle  (p. 
COG)  ;  oath  on  St.  Antony's  arm  was 
held  in  supreme  reverence  because  it  was 
believed  that  whoever  took  the  oath 
falsely  would  be  consumed  by  "  St. 
Antony's  fire  "  within  the  current  year ; 
the  trial  of  the  sieve  (p.  910). 

Tests  of  Fidelity.  CanacG's  mir- 
ror (p.  150)  ;  Gondibert'a  emerald  ring 
(p.  304).  The  corsned  or  "cursed  mouth- 
ful,"  a  piece  of  bread  consecrated  by 
exorcism,  and  given  to  the  "suspect 
U>  swallow  as  a  test.  "  May  this  morsel 
49 


choke  me  if  I  am  guilty,"  said  the  de- 
fendant, "  but  turn  to  wholesome  nourish- 
ment if  I  am  innocent."  Ordeals  (p. 
707),  combats  between  plaintiff  and  de- 
fendant, or  their  representatives. 

Tote  Bottee,  Philippe  de  Commit'  3 
[Cum.miri],  politician  and  historian 
(1445-1509). 

You,  sir  Philippe  des  Comlnes  [He]  were  at  a  btmttlig- 
match    with    the   duke,   your   master;    and  » 
alighted,   after   the  chaw,  he    required  your  service*   111 
drawing  off  his  I>oot3.     Beading    in    your   looks  some 
natural  resentment,  .  .  .  he  ordered  you  to  sit  down  in 
turn,  and  rendered  you  the  same  office  .  .  .  but  .  .  .  no 
sooner  had  ho  plucked  one  of  your  boots  off  than  he 
brutally  beat  it  about  your  head  .  .  .  and  his  i  - 
foul  LeGlorieux,  .  .  .  gave  you  the  name  of  TtU 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ouentin  Uurtoard,  xxx.   (time.  Edward 
IV.). 

Te'thys,  daughter  of  Heaven  and 
Earth,  the  wife  of  Ocean  and  mother  of 
the  river-gods.  In  poetry  it  means  the 
sea  generally. 

The  golden  sun  above  the  watery  bed 
Of  hoary  lethys  raised  his  beamy  head. 

Hoolei  Ariosto,  Till. 
By  the  earth-shaking  Neptune's  mace  [tridttit ;, 
And  Teiliy*  grave  majestic  pace. 

Milton,  Comut,  870  (1634). 

Tetrachor'don,  the  title  of  one  of 
Milton's  books  about  marriage  and  di- 
vorce. The  word  means  "  the  four 
strings  ; "  by  which  he  means  the  four 
chief  places  in  Scripture  which  bear  on 
the  subject  of  marriage. 

A  book  was  writ  of  late  called  7Wr  ichordon. 

Hilton,  Sutmi-t.  x. 

Teucer,  son  of  Telamon  of  Salami  8, 
and  brother  of  Telamon  Aj ax.  He  was 
the  best  archer  of  all  the  Greeks  at  the 
siege  of  Troy. 

1  may.  like  a  second  Teucer,  discharcto  my  shafts  from 
behind  the  shield  of  my  ally.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Teufelsdroeckh  {Herr),  pronounce 

Toi.felz.drurk  ;  an  eccentric  German  pi  — 
fessor  and  philosopher.  The  object  of 
this  satire  is  to  expose  all  sorts  of  shams, 
social  as  well  as  intellectual. — Carlyle, 
Sartor  BesarttU  (1849). 

Teutonic  Knights  (The),  an  order 
organized  by  Frederick  duke  of  Suabia, 
in  Palestine  (1190).  St.  Louis  gave  them 
permission  to  quarter  on  their  arms  the 
flew  dc  Us  (1250).  The  order  was 
abolished,  in  1800,  by  Napoleon  I. 

Texartis,  a  Scythian  soldier,  killed 
by  the  countess  Brenhilda. — sir  W.  Scott, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Tezoz'onioc,  chief  of  the  priests  of 
the  Az'teeas.  lie  fasted  ten  months  to 
know  how  to  appease  the  national  gods, 
and  then  declared  that  the  only  way  was 
to  offer  "the  White  strangers"  on  their 


THADDEUS  OF  WARSAW.  986       THALABA  THE  DESTROYER. 


altars.  Tezozomoc  was  killed  by  burning 
lava  from  a  volcanic  mountain. 

Tezozomoc 
Beholds  the  judgment  .  .  .  and  sees 
The  lava  Hoods  beneath  him.     His  hour 
Is  ciine.    The  fiery  .shower,  descending,  hear* 
Bed  ashes  round.    They  fall  like  drifted  snows. 
And  bury  and  consume  the  accursed  prli  -t. 

Southey,  Modoc,  ii.  26  (1805). 

Thaddeus  of  "Warsaw,  the  hero 
and  title  of  a  novel  by  Jane  Porter 
(1803). 

Thaddu,  the  father  of  Morna,  who 
became  the  wife  of  Comhal  and  the 
mother  of  Fingal. — Ossian. 

Tha'is  (2  si/L),  an  Athenian  courtezan, 
who  induced  Alexander,  in  his  cups,  to 
set  fire  to  the  palace  of  the  Persian  kings 
at  Persepolis. 

The  Una  seized  a  flamliem  with  zeal  to  destroy; 

Thais  led  the  way  to  li^ht  him  t*t  his  jirey, 
And,  like  another  Helen,  tired  another  Troy. 

Dryden,  Alexander's  Feast  (1697). 

Thais'a,  daughter  of  Simon'idOs  king 
of  Pentap'olis.  She  married  Pcr'ielOs 
prince  of  Tyre.  In  her  voyage  to  Tyre, 
Thai'sa  gave  birth  to  a  daughter,  and 
dying,  as  it  was  supposed,  in  childbirth, 
was  cast  into  the  sea.  The  chest  in 
which  she  was  placed  drifted  to  Ephesus, 
and  fell  into  the  hands  of  Cer'imon,  a 
physician,  who  soon  discovered  that  site 
was  not  dead.  Under  proper  care,  she 
entirely  recovered,  and  became  a  priestess 
in  the  temple  of  Diana.  Pericles,  with 
his  daughter  and  her  betrothed  husband, 
visiting  the  shrine  of  Diana,  became 
known  to  each  other,  and  the  whole 
mystery  was  cleared  up. — Shakespeare, 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre  (1G08). 

Thal'aba  ebn  Hateb,  a  poor  man, 
who  came  to  Mahomet,  requesting  him 
to  beg  God  to  bestow  on  him  wealth, 
and  promising  to  employ  it  in  works  of 
godliness.  The  "prophet"  made  the 
petition,  and  Thalaba  rapidly  grew  rich. 
One  day,  Mahomet  sent  to  the  rich  man 
for  alms,  but  Thalaba  told  the  messen- 
gers their  demand  savoured  more  of 
tribute  than  of  charity,  and  refused  to 
give  anything  ;  but  afterwards  repenting, 
he  took  to  the  "prophet"  a  good  round 
sum.  Mahomet  now  refused  to  accept 
it,  and,  throwing  dust  on  the  ungrateful 
churl,  exclaimed,  "  Thus  shall  thy  wealth 
be  scattered  !  "  and  the  man  became  poor 
again  as  fast  as  he  had  grown  rich. — Al 
A'orun,  ix.  (Sale's  notes). 

Thal'aba  the  Destroyer— that  is, 
the  destroyer  of  the  evil  spirits  of.  Dom- 
Dauiel.   lie  was  the  only  burviving  child 


of  Hodei'rah  (3  s>/l.)  and  his  wife  Zei'nab 
(2  s'jl.)  ;  their  other  eight  children  had 
been  cut  oft"  by  the  Dom-Danielists,  be- 
cause it  bad  been  decreed  by  fate  that 
"  one  of  the  race  would  be  their  destruc- 
tion." When  a  mere  stripling,  Thahlha 
was  left  motherless  and  fatherless  (bk. 
i.)  ;  he  then  found  a  home  in  the  tent  of 
a  Bedouin  named  Mo'ath,  who  had  a 
daughter  Onei'za  (3  syl.).  Here  he  was 
found  by  Abdaldar,  an  evil  spirit  sent 
from  Dom-Daniel  to  kill  him  ;  but  the 
spirit  was  killed  by  a  simoom  just  as  lie 
was  about  to  stab  the  boy,  and  Thalaba 
was  saved  (bk.  ii.).  He  now  drew  from 
the  finger  of  Abdaldar  the  magic  ring, 
which  gave  him  power  over  all  spirits  ; 
and,  thus  armed,  he  set  out  "to  aveng6 
the  death  of  his  father"  (bk.  iii.).  On 
his  way  to  Babylon,  he  was  encountered 
by  a  merchant,  who  was  in  reality  the 
soicerer  Loha'ba  in  disguise.  This  sor- 
cerer led  Thalaba  astray  into  the  wilder- 
ness, and  then  raised  up  a  whirlwind  to 
destroy  him  ;  but  the  whirlwind  was  the 
death  of  Lobaba  himself,  and  again 
Thalaba  escaped  (bk.  iv.).  He  reached 
Babylon  at  length,  and  met  there  MohsV- 
rcb,  another  evil  spirit,  disguised  as  a 
warrior,  who  conducted  him  to  the 
"  month  of  hell."  Thalaba  detected  the 
villainy,  and  hurled  the  false  one  into 
the  ahyss  (bk.  v.).  The  young  "  Dc- 
Btroyer"  was  next  conveyed  to  "the 
paradise  of  pleasure,"  but  he  resisted 
every  temptation,  and  took  to  flight  just 
in  time  to  6ave  Oneiza,  who  had  been 
brought  there  by  violence  (bk.  vi.).  He 
then  killed  Aloa'din,  the  presiding  spirit 
of  the  garden,  with  a  club,  was  made 
vizier,  and  married  Oneiza,  but  she  died 
on  the  bridal  night  (bk.  vii.).  Distracted 
at  this  calamity,  he  wandered  towards 
Kaf,  and  entered  the  house  of  an  old 
woman,  who  was  spinning  thread.  Tha- 
laba expressed  surprise  at  its  extreme 
fineness,  but  Maimu'na  (the  old  woman) 
told  him,  fine  as  it  was,  he  could  not  break 
it.  Thalaba  felt  incredulous,  and  wound 
it  round  his  wrists,  when,  lo  !  he  became 
utterly  powerless  ;  and  Maimuna,  calling 
up  her  sister  Khwala,  conveyed  him 
helpless  to  the  island  of  Moha'reb  (hk. 
viii.).  Here  he  remained  for  a  time,  and 
was  at  length  liberated  by  Maimuna, 
who  repented  of  her  sins,  and  turned  to 
Allah  (bk.  ix.).  Being  liberated  from 
the  island  of  Mohureb,  our  hero  wan- 
dered, cold  and  hungry,  into  a  dwelling, 
where  he  saw  Laila,  the  daughter  of 
Okba  the  sorcerer.     Okba    rushed   for- 


TIIALESTIUS. 


987 


THANKFULNESS. 


ward  with  intent  to  kill  him,  but  Laila 
interposed,  and  fell  dead  by  the  hand  of 
her  own  father  (bk.  x.).  Her  spirit,  in 
the  form  of  a  green  bird,  now  became 
the  guardian  angel  of  "The  Destroyer," 
and  conducted  him  to  the  simorg,  who 
directed  him  the  road  to  Dom-Daniel 
(bk.  xi.),  which  he  reached  in  time,  slew 
the  surviving  sorcerers,  and  was  received 
into  heaven  (bk.xii.). — Southcy,  Thalaba 
the  Destroyer  (1797). 

Thales'tris,  queen  of  the  Am'azons. 
Any  bold,  heroic  woman. 

As  stout  Armi'da  [q.v.\  bold  Thalestrls, 

And  she  [liodalind,   q.v.\  that    would    have  been  the 

mistress 
CKGondlbert 

8.  Butler.  Uudibrai,  I.  2  (1G63). 

Thali'a,  the  Muse  of  pastoral  song. 
She  is  often  represented  with  a  crook  in 
her  hand. 

Turn  to  the  gentler  melodieswhirh  suit 
Thalia's  harp,  or  Pan's  Arcadian  mte. 

Campbell,  Pleasures  of  Hope,  ii.  (1799). 

Thaliard,  a  lord  of  Antioch. — 
Shakespeare,  Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre 
(1608). 

Thames.  "  Tie  will  never  set  the 
Thames  on  fire."  A  "temso"  or  sieve 
might  be  set  on  fire  if  worked  very  swiftly 
over  the  wooden  receiver,  but  not  by  an 
idle  or  incompetent  workman.  Hence  the 
proverb,  which  has,  through  similarity 
of  sound,  been  taken  to  apply  to  the  river. 

Tham'muz,  God  of  the  Syrians, 
and  fifth  in  order  of  the  hierarchy  of 
hell:  (1)  Satan,  (2)  Beelzebub,  (3) 
Moloch,  (4)  Chemos,  (5)  Thammnz  (the 
same  as  Ado'nis).  Thammuz  was  slain 
by  a  wild  boar  in  mount  Leb'anon,  from 
whence  the  river  Adonis  descends,  the 
water  of  which,  at  a  certain  season  of  the 
year,  becomes  reddened.  Addison  saw 
it,  and  ascribes  the  redness  to  a  minium 
washed  into  the  river  by  the  violence  of 
the  rain. 

Thammuz  came  next  behind. 
Whose  annual  wound  in  Lebanon  allured 
The  Syrian  damsels  to  lament  bis  fate 
In  amorous  ditties  all  a  summer's  day  ; 
While  smooth  Adonis  hum  his  native  rock 
Ran  purple  to  the  sea,  supposed  with  blood 
01  Thammuz  yearly  wounded, 

Milton,  i'aradite  Lost,  L  44G,  etc.  (16G5). 

Thamu'dites  (3  syl.),  people  of  the 
tribe  of  Thamud.  They  refused  to 
believe  in  Mahomet  without  seeing  a 
miracle.  On  a  grand  festival,  Jonda, 
prince  of  the  Thamudites,  told  Saleh, 
the  prophet,  that  the  god  which  answered 
by  miracle  should  be  acknowledged  God 
by  both.  Jonda  and  the  Thamudites 
first  called  upon  their  idols,  but  received 


no  answer.  "  Now,"  said  the  prince  to 
Saleh,  "if  your  God  will  bring  a  camel 
big  with  young  from  that  rock,  we  will 
believe."  "  Scarcely  had  he  spoken,  when 
the  rock  groaned  and  shook  and  opened  ; 
and  forthwith  there  came  out  a  camel, 
which  there  and  then  cast  its  young  one. 
Jonda  became  at  once  a  convert,  but  the 
Thamudites  held  back.  To  add  to  the 
miracle,  the  camel  went  up  and  down 
among  the  people  crying,  "  Ho  !  every 
one  that  thirsteth,  let  him  come,  and  I  will 
give  him  milk  !  "  (Compare  Isaiah  lv.  1.) 

Unto  the  tribe  of  Thamud  wc  sent  their  brother  Saleh. 
He  said,  "0  my  people,  worship  God; ye  have  no  p*I 
besides  him.  Now  bath  a  manifest  prool  come  unto  you 
from  the  l.onl.  This  sbe-caniel  •  i  God  is  a  sign  at 
therefore  dismi-sbur  treeiy  .  .  .  and  do  her  no  hurt,  le-4 
a  painful  punishment  seize  upon  you."— At  Koran,  rll. 

%*  Without  doubt,  the  reader  will  at 
once  call  to  mind  the  contest  between 
Elijah  and  the  priests  of  Baal,  so  gra- 
phically described  in  1  Kings  xviii. 

Tham'yris  {Blind),  a  Thracian  poet, 
who  challenged  the  Muses  to  a  contest  of 
song,  and  was  deprived  of  sight,  voice, 
and  musical  skill  for  his  presumption 
(Pliny,  Natural  History,  iii.  33,  and  vii. 
57).  Plutarch  says  he  had  the  finest  voice 
of  any  one,  and  that  he  wrote  a  poem  on 
the  War  of  the  Titans  with  the  Uods. 
Suidas  tells  us  that  he  composed  a  poem 
on  creation.  And  Plato,  in  his  PepiifAio 
(last  book),  feigns  that  the  spirit  of  the 
blind  old  bard  passed  into  a  nightingale 
at  death.     Milton  speaks  of : 

Blind  Thamyru  and  blind  Mason'ides  [Homer\ 

1'aradise  Lost,  iii.  35  (1665). 

Thancmar,  chatelain  of  Bourbourg, 
the  great  enemy  of  Bertulphe  the  provost 
of  llruges.  Charles  "the  Good,"  earl  of 
Flanders,  made  a  law  in  1PJ7  that  a  serf 
was  always  a  serf  till  mauumitted,  and 
whoever  married  a  serf  became  a  serf. 
By  these  absurd  laws,  the  provost  of 
Bruges  became  a  serf,  because  his  father 
was  Thancmar's  serf.  By  the  same  laws, 
Bouchard,  though  a  knight  of  long 
descent,  became  Thancmar's  serf,  because 
he  married  Constance  the  provost's 
daughter.  The  result  of  these  laws  was 
that  Bertulphe  slew  the  earl  and  then  him- 
self, Constance  went  mad  and  died,  Bou- 
chard and  Thancmar  slew  each  other  in 
fight,  and  all  liruges  was  thrown  into 
confusion. — S.  Knowles,  The  Provost  of 
Bruges  (183G). 

Thankfulness.  "  To  be  over-thank- 
ful for  one  favour  is,  in  effect,  to  lay 
out  for  another." — Cumberland,  West 
Indian,  iv.  1  (1771). 


THAUMAST. 


988   THEAGENES  AND  CHARICLEIA. 


Thaumast,  an  English  pundit,  who 
went  to  Paris,  attracted  by  the  rumour 
of  the  great  wisdom  of  Pantag'ruel.  He 
arranged  a  disputation  with  that  prince, 
to  be  carried  on  solely  by  pantomime, 
without  the  utterance  of  a  single  word. 
Pan urge  undertook  the  disputation  for 
the  prince,  and  Pantagruel  was  appointed 
arbiter.  Many  a  knotty  point  in  magic, 
alchemy,  the  cabala,  geomancy,  astrology, 
and  philosophy  was  argued  out  by  signs 
alone,  and  the  Englishman  freely  con- 
fessed himself  fully  satisfied,  for  "  Pan- 
urge  had  told  him  even  more  than  he 
had  asked." — Rabelais,  Pantajruel,  ii. 
19,  20  (1533). 

Thaumaturga.  Filumena  is  called 
ha  Thaumaturge  du  Dixneuviems  Steele. 
In  1802  a  grave  was  discovered  with  this 
inscription:  Lumena  PaxteCvmki, which 
lias  no  meaning,  but  being  re-arranged 
makes  Pax  Te-cum,  Fi-i.umkna.  So 
Filumena  was  at  once  accepted  as  a 
proper  name  and  canonized.  And 
because  as  many  miracles  were  performed 
at  her  tomb  as  at  that  of  the  famous  abbe' 
de  Paris  mentioned  in  I'alcy's  !■'.  tidences, 
she  was  called  "  The  Nineteenth-Century 
Miracle-Worker."  Put  who  Filumena 
was,  or  if  indeed  she  ever  existed,  is  one 
of  those  impenetrable  secrets  which  no 
one  will  ever  know.  (See  St.  Filumena, 
p.  859.) 

Thaumatur'gus.  Gregory  bishop 
of  Nco-Caes.irea,  in  Cappadocia,  was  so 
called  on  account  of  his  numerous 
miracles  (212-270). 

Alexander  of  Hohbnloiie  was  a 
worker  of  miracles. 

APOLLONIUS  of  Tya'na  "raised  the 
dead,  healed  the  sick,  cast  out  devils, 
freed  a  young  man  from  a  lamia  or 
vampire  of  which  he  was  enamoured, 
uttered  prophecies,  saw  at  Ephcsus  the 
assassination  of  Domitian  at  Pome,  and 
filled  the  world  with  the  fame  of  his 
6anctity  "  (a.d.  3-98).  —  Philostr&tos, 
Life  of  Apollonius  of  Tyana,  in  eight 
books. 

Francis  d'Assisi  (St.),  founder  of  the 
Franciscan  order  (1182-1226). 

J.  J.  Gassner  of  Bratz,  in  the  Tyrol, 
exorcised  the  siek  and  cured  their  diseases 
"  miraculously"  (1727-1779). 

Isidore  (St.)  of  Alexandria  (370-410). 
— Damascius,  Life  of  St.  Isidore  (sixth 
century). 

JAMBLIOHUS,  when  he  prayed,  was 
raised  ten  cubits  from  the  ground,  and 
his  body  and  dress  assumed  the  appear- 


ance of  gold.  At  Gadara  he  drew  from 
two  fountains  the  guardian  spirits,  and 
showed  them  to  his  disciples. — Eunapius, 
Jamblichus  (fourth  century). 

Mahomet  "the  prophet."  (1)  When 
he  ascended  to  heaven  on  Al  Borak,  the 
stone  on  which  he  stepped  to  mount  rose 
in  the  air  as  the  prophet  rose,  but  Maho- 
met forbade  it  to  follow  any  further,  and 
it  remained  suspended  in  mid-air.  (2) 
He  took  a  scroll  of  the  Koran  out  of  a 
bull's  horn.  (3)  lie  brought  the  moon 
from  heaven,  made  it  pass  through  one 
sleeve  and  out  of  the  other,  then  allowed 
it  to  return  to  its  place  in  heaven. 

Pascal  (Jilnise)  was  a  miracle- 
worker  (1623-1662). 

Ploti'nus,  the  Neo-platonic  philo- 
sopher (205- -270). — Porphyrius,  Vita  Ho- 
tini  (a.d.  301). 

PboCLUS,  a  Neo-platonic  philosopher 
(410-4*5).—  Marinus,  Vtta  1'rocli  (lifth 
century). 

SosrriRA  possessed  the  omniscience  of 
seeing  all  that  was  done  in  every  part  of 
the  whole  world. — Eunapius,  (Edcscus 
(fourth  century). 

Vespasian,  the  Roman  emperor,  cured 
a  blind  man  and  a  cripple  by  his  touch 
during  his  stay  at  Alexandria. 

Vincent  de  Pali.,  founder  of  the 
"  Sisters  of  Charity  "  (157o-lGC0). 

Thaumaturgus  Physicus,  a 
treatise  on  natural  magic,  by  Gaspar 
Schott  (1657-9). 

Thaumaturgus  of  the  "West,  St. 
Bernard  of  Clairvaux  (10U1-1153). 

Theag'enes  and  Chariclei'a 
(The  Loves  of),  a  love  story,  in  Greek,  by 
Heliodorus  bishop  of  Trikka  (fourth 
century).  A  charming  fiction,  largely 
borrowed  from  by  subsequent  novelists, 
and  especially  by  Mdllc.  de  Seude'ri, 
Tasso,  Guarini,  and  l)'Urfe\  The  tale 
is  this:  Some  Egyptian  brigands  met 
one  morning  on  a  hill  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Nile,  and  saw  a  vessel  laden  with 
stores  lying  at  anchor.  They  also  ob- 
served that  the  banks  of  the  Nile  were 
strewn  with  dead  bodies  and  the  frag- 
ments of  food.  On  further  examination, 
they  beheld  Charieleia  sitting  on  a  rock 
tending  Theag'enes,  who  lay  beside  her 
severely  wounded.  Some  pirates  had 
done  it,  and  to  them  the  vessel  belonged. 
We  are  then  carried  to  the  house  of 
Nausielrs,  and  there  ( '.il.isiris  tells  the 
early  history  of  Charieleia,  her  love  for 
TheagenSa,  and  their  capture  by  the 
pirates. 


T11EANA. 


989 


T11ELEME. 


Thea'na  (3  syl.)  is    Anne  countes* 
of  Warwick. 

Ne  less  praiseworthy  I  Theana  read .  .  . 
Shu  i.<  tlio  well  of  bounty  and  brave  mind. 
Excelling  most  in  glory  and  great  Unlit, 
The  ornament  is  she  of  womankind, 
Ami  court's  ehiei  garland  with  all  virtues  iHght 
Bpenser,  Colin  Clout'i   Come  Home  Again   (1595). 

Thebaid  {The),  a  Latin  epic  poem 
in  twelve  books,  by  Statius  (about  a 
century  after  Virgil).  La'i'os,  kin-  of 
Thebes,  was  told  by  an  oracle  that  he 
would  have  a  sou,  but  that  his  son  would 
be  his  murderer.  To  prevent  this,  when 
the  son  was  born  he  was  hung  on  a  tree 
by  his  feet,  to  be  devoured  by  wild 
beasts.  The  child,  however,  was  res- 
cued by  some  of  the  royal  servants,  who 
brought  him  up,  and  called  his  name 
CEdipos  or  Club-foot,  because  his  feet 
and  ankles  were  swollen  by  the  thongs. 
One  day,  going  to  Thebes,  the  chariot 
of  Laios  nearly  drove  over  the  young 
CEdipos;  a  quarrel  ensued,  and  Laios  was 
killed.  CEdipos,  not  knowing  whom  he 
had  slain,  went  on  to  Thebes,  and  ere 
long  married  the  widowed  queen  Jocasta, 
not  knowing  that  she  was  his  mother, 
and  by  her  he  had  two  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  names  of  the  sons  were 
Et'eocles  and  Polynices.  These  sons,  in 
time,  dethroned  their  father,  and  agreed 
to  reign  alternate  years.  Eteocles  reigned 
first,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  refused  . 
to  resign  the  crown  to  his  brother,  ami 
Polynices  made  war  upon  him.  This 
war,  which  occurred  some  forty-two 
years  before  the  siege  of  Troy,  and 
about  the  time  that  Deborah  was  fighting 
with  Sisera  (Judijes  iv.),  is  the  subject 
of  the  Thebaia. 

The  first  book  recapitulates  the  history 
given  above,  and  then  goes  on  to  say 
that  Polvnicfis  went  straight  to  Argos, 
and  laid  his  grievance  before  king  Adras- 
tos  (bk.  i.).  WhileatArgos,  he  married  one 
of  the  king's  daughters,  and  Tydeus  the 
other.  The  festivities  being  over,  Tydeu3 
was  sent  to  Thebes  to  claim  the  throne 
for  his  brother-in-law,  and  being  in- 
solently dismissed,  denounced  war  against 
Eteocles.  The  villainous  usurper  sent 
fifty  ruffians  to  fall  on  the  ambassador  on 
his  way  to  Argos,  but  they  were  all  slain, 
except"  one,  who  was  left  to  carry  back 
the  news  (bk.  ii.).  When  Tydeus  reached 
Argos,  lie  wanted  his  father  in-law  to 
march  at  once  against  Thebes,  hut 
Adrastos,  less  impetuous,  made  answer 
that  a  great  war  required  time  tor  its 
organization.  However,  Kapaneus  (3 syl.), 
siding  with  Tydeus  [  IV.duce},  roused  the 


mob  (bk.  Hi.),  and  Adrastos  at  once  set 
about   preparations  for  war.     He  placed 
his  army  under  six  chieftains,  viz.,  Poly- 
nices,   Tydeus,   Amphiaraos,    Kapaneus, 
Parthenopa?os,     and     HippomSdon,     he 
himself   acting     as    commander-in-chief 
(bk.    iv.).     liks.    v.,     vi.    describe  the 
march  from  Argos  to  Thebes.     On  the 
arrival  of  the  allied  army  before  Thebes, 
Jocasta  tried  to  reconcile  her  two  sons, 
but    not    succeeding  in   this,   hostilities 
commenced,  and  one  of  the  chiefs,  named 
Amphiaraos,    was    swallowed    up  by  an 
earthquake  (bk.  vii.).     Next  day,  Tydeus 
greatly   distinguished  himself,   but    fell 
(bk.  viii.).     Ilippomedon  and  Partheno- 
pa;os  were   both  slain   the   day   follow- 
ing (bk.    ix.).     Then   came  the  turn  of 
Kapaneus,  bold  as  a  tiger,    strong   as  a 
giant,  and  a  regular  dare-devil  in  war. 
He  actually  scaled  the  wall,  he  thought 
himself   sure  of  victory,  he  defied  even 
Jove    to   stop    him,   and   was   instantly 
killed  by  a  flash  of  lightning  (bk.  x.). 
Polynices  was  now  the  only  one  of  the 
six  remaining,  and  he  sent  to  EteoeU's  to 
meet  him  in   single   combat.     The   two 
brothers   met,    they    fought    like    lions, 
they  gave  no  quarter,  they  took  no  rest. 
At  "length,  Eteocles  fell,  and   Polynicfis, 
running  up  to  strip  him  of  his  arms,  was 
thrust  through  the  bowels,  and  fell  dead 
on  the  dead  body  of  his  brother.     Adras- 
tos now  decani ped,  and  returned  to  Argos 
(bk.   xi.).      Creon,   having   usurped  the 
Theban  crown,  forbade  any  one  on  pain 
of    death  to  bury  the   dead  ;    but   when 
Theseus  king   of  Athens  heard  of   this 
profanity,  he  marched  at  once  to  Thebes, 
Creon  died,  and  the  crown  was  given  to 
Theseus  (bk.  xii.). 
Theban     Bard     (The),     Thebak 

EagLB,  or  Tin  r.AN   LYRE,    Pindar,  bora 
at  Thebes  (B.C.  522-442). 

Yc  that  in  fancied  Vision  can  admire 
The  sword  of  Brutoa  and  theThehao  lyre. 

Campbell,  Pliuuru  »/  Hoi*.  L  (17910. 

Thecla  (St.),  said  to  be  of  noble 
family,  in  Ico'nium,  and  to  have  been 
converted  by  the  apostle  Paul.  She  is 
Styled   in  Greek   mart  vrologies  the  proto- 

martyress,  but  the  book  called  The  Act* 
of   Paul  mid  Thecla  is  considered   to  be 

apocryphal. 

On  the  ?clfsanie  shelf 
With  the  writings  ol  St.  Thecla  herself. 

Longfellow,  /«•  ■•'  (1851). 

Thekla.  daughter  of  Wallenstein.— 
Schiller,  Wallenstein  (1799). 

Theleme  (Abbey  of),  the  abbey  given 
by  Urangousier  to  friar  John  for  the  aid 


THELEME. 


990 


THEODORE. 


he  rendered  in  the  battle  against  Picro- 
chole  king  of  Lerne'.  The  abbey  was  stored 
with  everything  that  could  contribute  to 
sensual  indulgence  and  enjoyment.  It 
wa3  the  very  reverse  of  a  convent  or 
monastery.  No  religious  hypocrites,  no 
pettifogging  attorneys,  no  usurers  were 
admitted  within  it,  but  it  was  filled  with 
gallant  ladies  and  gentlemen,  faithful 
expounders  of  the  Scriptures,  and  every 
one  who  could  contribute  to  its  elegant 
recreations  and  general  festivity.  The 
motto  over  the  door  was:  "  Fackz  que 
Vouldras." — Rabelais,  Gargantua,  i. 
52-7  (1533). 

TJttfcme,  the  Will  personified. — Vol- 
taire, The'leme  and  Macare. 

The'lu,  the  female  or  woman. 

And  divers  coloured  trees  and  fresh  array  [hair] 
Much  grace  the  town  [head\,  hut  most  the  Thelu  gay; 
But  all  in  winter  [old  aye\  turn  to  snow,  ami  soon  decay. 
Phliieas  Fletcher,  The  1'urple  Jtlaiid.  v.  (1C33). 

Thenot,  an  old  shepherd  bent  with 
age,  who  tells  Cuddy,  the  herdsman's  boy, 
the  fable  of  the  oak  and  the  briar.  An 
aged  oak,  once  a  most  royal  tree,  was 
wasted  by  age  of  its  foliage,  and  stood 
with  bare  head  and  sear  branches.  A 
pert  bramble  grew  hard  by,  and  snubbed 
the  oak,  calling  it  a  cumberer  of  the 
ground.  It  even  complained  to  the  lord 
of  the  field,  and  prayed  him  to  cut  it  down. 
The  request  was  obeyed,  and  the  oak  was 
felled ;  but  now  the  bramble  suffered 
from  the  storm  and  cold,  for  it  had  no 
shelter,  and  the  snow  bent  it  to  the 
ground,  where  it  was  draggled  and  de- 
filed. The  application  is  very  personal. 
Cuddy  is  the  pert,  flippant  bramble,  and 
Thenot  the  hoary  oak  ;  but  Cuddy  told 
the  old  man  his  tale  was  long  and  trashy, 
and  bade  him  hie  home,  for  the  sun  was 
set. — Spenser,  Sliepheardes  Calendar,  ii. 
(1579). 

(Thenot  is  introduced  also  in  eel.  iv., 
iml  again  in  eel.  xi.,  where  he  begs 
C'>lin  to  sing  something,  but  Colin  de- 
clines because  his  mind  is  sorrowing  for 
the  death  of  the  shepherdess  Dido.) 

Tlw'not,  a  shepherd  who  loved  Corin 
chiefly  for  her  "  fidelity  "  to  her  deceased 
lover.  When  "the  faithful  shepherdess" 
knew  this,  in  order  to  cure  him  of  his 
passion,  she  pretended  to  return  his  love. 
Thenot  was  so  shocked  to  see  his  charm 
broken  that  he  lost  even  his  respect  for 
Corin,  and  forsook  her. — John  Fletcher, 
Tlie  Faithful  Shepherdess  (1610). 

Theocritus  of  Syraoirse,  in  Sicily 
(fl.  B.C.  280),  celebrated  for  his  idylls  in 


Doric  Greek.    Meli  is  the  person  referred 
to  below. 

Behold  once  more, 
The  pitying  mill  to  earth  restore 
Theocritus  of  Syracuse. 
Longfellow,  The  WaysUle  Inn  (prelude,  1883), 

Theocritus  (Tlie  Scotch),  Allan  Ram- 
sav.  author  of  The  Gentle  Shepherd  (1685- 
1758). 

Tlicocritus  {The  Sicilian),  Giovanni  Meli 
of  Palermo,  immortalized  by  hia  eclogues 
and  idylls  (1740-1815). 

Theod'ofred,  heir  to  the  Spanish 
throne,  but  incapacitated  from  reigning 
because  he  had  been  blinded  by  Witi'za. 
Theodofred  was  the  son  of  Chindasuintho, 
and  father  of  king  Roderick.  As  Witiza, 
the  usurper,  had  blinded  Theodofred,  so 
Roderick  dethroned  and  blinded  Witiza. 
— Southey,  llodcrick,  etc.  (1814). 

%*  In  mediaeval  times,  no  one  with 
any  personal  defect  was  allowed  to  reign, 
and  one  of  the  most  ordinary  means  of 
disqualifying  a  prince  for  succeeding  to  a 
throne  was  to  put  out  his  eyes.  Of  course, 
the  reader  will  call  to  mind  the  case  of 
our  own  prince  Arthur,  the  nephew  of 
king  John  ;  and  scores  of  other  instances 
in  Italian,  French,  Spanish,  German, 
Russian,  and  Scandinavian  history. 

Theod'omas,  a  famous  trumpeter  at 
the  siege  of  Thebes. 

At  every  court  thcr  cam  loud  mcnstralcy» 
That  never  trompCd  Joah  for  to  lucre, 
Ne  he  TheodomM  )it  half  so  cleere 
At  Thehes.  when  Uie  cit«  was  in  doata 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Talet,  yOlr-J.  etc.  (1388). 

Theodo'ra,  sister  of  Constantine  the 
Greek  emperor.  She  entertained  most 
bitter  hatred  against  Rogero  for  slaying 
her  son,  and  vowed  vengeance.  Rogero, 
being  entrapped  in  sleep,  was  confined  by 
her  in  a  dungeon,  and  fed  on  the  bread 
and  water  of  affliction,  but  was  ultimately 
released  by  prince  Leon. — Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1516). 

The'odore  (3  syl.),  son  of  general 
Archas  "the  loyal  subject"  of  the  great- 
duke  of  Muscovia.  A  colonel,  valorous 
but  impatient. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Loyal  Suljject  (1618). 

The'odore  (3  syl.)  of  Ravenna,  brave, 
rich,  honoured,  and  chivalrous.  He  loved 
HonOria  "  to  madness,"  but  "found  small 
favour  in  the  lady's  eyes."  At  length, 
however,  the  lad)'  relented  and  married 
him.  (See  HoNORIA.) — Drydcn,  Thew 
dore  and  Honoria  (from  Boccaccio). 

Theodore,  son  of  the  lord  of  Clurinsal, 
and  grandson  of  Alphonso.     His  fathei 


THEODORICK. 


991 


THERON. 


thought  him  dead,  renounced  the  world, 
and  became  a  monl:  of  St.  Nicholas,  as- 
suming the  name  of  Austin.  By  chance, 
Theodore  was  sent  home  in  a  Spanish 
bark,  and  found  his  way  into  some  secret 
passage  of  the  count's  castle,  where  he 
was  seized  and  taken  before  the  count. 
Here  he  met  the  monk  Austin,  and  was 
made  known  to  him.  He  informed  his 
father  of  his  love  for  Adelaide,  the  count's 
daughter,  and  was  then  told  that  if  he 
married  her  he  must  renounce  his  estates 
and  title.  The  case  stood  thus :  If  he 
claimed  his  estates,  he  must  challenge 
the  count  to  mortal  combat,  and  renounce 
the  daughter;  but  if  he  married  Ade- 
laide, he  must  forego  his  rights,  for  he 
could  not  marry  the  daughter  and  slay 
his  father-in-law.  The  perplexity  is 
6olved  bv  the  death  of  Adelaide,  killed 
by  her  father  by  mistake,  and  the  death 
of  the  count  by  his  own  hand. — Robert 
Jephson,  Count  of  Narbonne  (1782). 

Theod'orick,  king  of  the  Goths, 
called  by  the  German  minnesingers  Dide- 
rick  of  Bern  (Verona). 

Theodorick  or  "  Albcrick  of  Mortemar," 
an  exiled  nobleman,  hermit  of  Engaddi, 
and  an  enthusiast.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Theodo'rus  (Master),  a  learned  phy- 
sician employed  by  PonocratCs  to  cure 
Gargantua  of  his  vicious  habits.  The 
doctor  accordingly  "  purged  him  canonic- 
ally  with  Anticyrian  hellebore,  cleansed 
from  his  brain  "all  perverse  habits,  and 
made  him  forget  everything  he  had 
learned  of  his  other  preceptors." — Rabe- 
lais, Gartjantua,  i.  '23. 

Hellebore  was  made  use  of  to  puree  the  brain,  In  order 
to  fit  it  the  better  for  serious  Study.— Pliny,  Natural 
Jlistory.  xxv.  115;  Aulus  Gellius,  Attic  A"i</hts,  xvii.  15. 

Theodo'sius,  the  hermit  of  Cappa- 
docia.  He  wrote  the  four  gospels  in 
letters  of  gold  (423-529). 

Theodosius.  who  of  old, 
Wrote  the  RMpdl  in  letters  of  gold. 

Longfellow,  The  (Jolden  Legend  (1861). 

Theophilus  (St.),  of  Adana,  in 
Cilicia  (sixth  century).  He  was  driven 
by  slander  to  sell  his  soul  to  the  devil  on 
condition  that  his  character  was  cleared. 
The  slander  was  removed,  and  no  tongue 
wagged  against  the  thin-skinned  saint. 
Theophilua  now  repented  of  his  bargain, 
and,  after  a  fast  of  forty  days  and  forty 
nights,  was  visited  by  the  Virgin,  who 
bade  him  confess  to  the  bishop.  Tins  he 
did,  received  absolution,  and  died  within 
three  days  of  brain  fever.— Jacques  de 


Voragine,  The  Golden  Legends  (thirteenth 
century). 

This  is  a  very  stale  trick,  told  of  many 
a  saint.  Southey  has  poetized  one  of 
them  in  his  ballad  of  at.  Basil  or  The 
Sinner  Saved  (1829).  Eleemon  sold  his 
soul  to  the  devil  on  condition  of  his  pro- 
curing him  Cyra  for  wife.  The  devil 
performed  his  part  of  the  bargain,  but 
Elecmon  called  off,  and  St.  liasil  gave 
him  absolution.     (See  Sinner  Saved.) 

Theophras'tus  of  France  (The), 
Jean  de  la  Bruyere,  author  of  Caractercs 
(1G46-1G96). 

Theresa,  the  miller's  wife,  who 
adopted  and  brought  up  Amtna,  the 
orphan,  called  "the  somnambulist." — Bel- 
lini, La  Sonnambula  (libretto  by  Scribe, 
1831). 

Theresa,  daughter  of  the  count  pala- 
tine of  Padolia,  beloved  by  Mazeppa. 
Her  father,  indignant  that  a  mere  page 
should  presume  to  his  daughter's  hand, 
had  Mazeppa  bound  to  a  wild  horse,  and 
set  adrift.  But  the  future  history  of 
Theresa  is  not  related.— Byron,  Mazeppa 
(1819). 

Mednrafwi/e  or"  rt«  Corsair\  Neuha  fin  The  Mafufl 
Leila  l in   The  otaonr],   Franceses   (in    The   8 
Corinth},  ami  Theresa,   it  has   bean   alleged,   ar  ■   but 
children  of  one  family,  with   differences  result 
from  climate  anil  circumstance.— Fiiiden.flyroit  B 

Theresa  (Sister),  with  Flora  M'lvot 
at  Carlisle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Wavcrley 
(time,  George  II.). 

Theringe  (Mde.  de),  the  mother  of 
Louise  de  Lascours,  and  grandmother  of 
Diana  de  Lascours  and  Martha  alias 
Orgari'ta  "the  orphan  of  the  1 
Sea."— E.  Stirling,  The  Orphan  of  the 
Frozen  Sea  (185(>). 

Thermopylae.  When  Xerxes  in- 
vaded Greece,  LeonTdas  was  sent  with 
800  Spartans,  as  a  forlorn  hope,  to  defend 
the  pass  leading  from  Thessaly  into 
Locris,  by  which  it  was  thought  the 
Persian  host  would  penetrate  into  south- 
ern Greece.  The  Persians,  however, 
having  discovered  a  path  over  the  moun- 
tains,' fell  on  Leonidas  in  the  rear,  and 
the  "brave  defenders  of  the  hot-gates" 
were  cut  to  pieces. 

Theron,  the  favourite  dog  of  Rode- 
riek  the  last  Gothic  king  of  Spain. 
When  the  discrowned  king,  dressed  as  ■* 
monk,  assumed  the  name  of  "father 
Maccabee,"  although  his  tutor,  mother, 
and  even  Florinda  failed  to  recognize 
him,  Theron  knew  him  at  once,  fawned 


THERSITES. 


992 


THIEVES  SCREENED. 


on  him  with  fondest  love,  and  would 
never  again  leave  him  till  the  faithful 
creature  died.  When  Roderick  saw  his 
favourite, 

Re  threw  his  arms  around  the  dog,  and  cried. 

While  tears  streamed  down,  "Thou,  Theron,  thou  hast 

known 
Thy  poor  lost  master ;  Theron,  none  but  thou ! " 

Southey,  Roderick,  etc.,  xv.  (1814). 

Thersi'tes  (3  syl.),  a  scurrilous 
Grecian  chief,  "loquacious,  loud,  and 
coarse."  His  chief  delight  was  to  in- 
veigh against  the  kings  of  Greece.  He 
squinted,  halted,  was  gibbous  behind  and 
pinched  before,  and  on  his  tapering  head 
grew  a  few  white  patches  of  starveling 
down  (Iliad,  ii.). 

His  brag,  as  ThersiWs.  with  elbows  abroad. 

T.  Tusser,  Five  Hundred  I'uiutt  of  Good 
Husbandry,  liv.  (1557). 

The'seus  (2  syl.),  the  Attic  hero, 
lie  induced  the  several  towns  of  Attica 
to  give  up  their  separate  governments 
and  submit  to  a  common  jurisdiction, 
whereby  the  several  petty  chiefdoms 
were  consolidated  into  one  state,  of 
which  Athens  was  the  capital. 

***  Similarly,  the  several  kingdoms  of 
the  Saxon  heptarchy  were  consolidated 
into  one  kingdom  by  Egbert ;  but  in  this 
latter  case,  the  might  of  arms,  and  not 
the  power  of  conviction,  was  the  instru- 
ment employed. 

Theseus  (Duke)  of  Athens.  On  his 
return  home  after  marrying  Hypolita, 
a  crowd  of  female  suppliants  complained 
to  him  of  Creon  king  of  Thebes.  The 
duke  therefore  set  out  for  Thebes,  slew 
Creon,  and  took  the  city  by  assault. 
Among  the  captives  taken  in  this  siege 
were  two  knights,  named  PalSmon  and 
Arcite,  who  saw  the  duke's  sister  from 
their  dungeon  window,  and  fell  in  love 
with  her.  When  set  at  liberty,  they  told 
heir  loves  to  the  duke,  and  Theseus  (2 
syl.)  promised  to  give  the  lady  to  the 
best  man  in  a  single  combat.  Arcite 
overthrew  Palamon,  but  as  he  was  about 
to  claim  the  lady  his  horse  threw  him, 
and  he  died ;  so  l'alamon  lost  the  con- 
test, hut  won  the  bride. — Chaucer,  Can- 
terbury Tales  ("The  Knight's  Tale," 
1888). 

%*  In  classic  story,  Theseus  is  called 
• '  king  ;  "  but  Chaucer  styles  him 
"duke,"  that  is,  dux,  "leader  or  emperor" 
\iiuj)irator). 

Thes'pian  Maids  {The),  the  nine 
Muses.  So  called  from  Thes'pia,  in 
Bceotia,  near  mount  Helicon,  often  called 
Tlicspia  liupes. 


Those  modest  Thespian  maids  thus  to  their  Isis  sung. 
Drayton,  Polyollnon,  xv.  (1613). 

Thespi'o,  a  Muse.  The  Muses  wert 
called  Thespi'ades,  from  Thespla,  in 
Bceo'tia,  at  the  foot  of  mount  Helicon. 

Tell  me,  oh,  tell  me  then,  thou  holy  Muse, 
Sacred  The.*pio. 
Phlneas  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Wand,  vii.  (1633). 

Thespis,  the  father  of  the  Greek 
drama. 

Thespli,  the  first  professor  of  our  art. 

At  country  wakes  suing  ballads  from  a  cart. 

bryden.  Prologue  to  Soplumitba  (1729). 

Thes'tylis,  a  female  slave ;  any 
rustic  maiden. — Theocritos,  Idylls. 

With  Thestylis  to  bind  the  sheaves. 

Milton,  L' Allegro  (1638). 

Thet'is,  mother  of  Achilles.  She 
was  a  sea-nymph,  daughter  of  Nereua 
the  sea-god. — Grecian  Story. 

Theuerdank,  a  sobriquet  of  kaiser 
Maximilian  I.  of  Germany  (1459,  1493- 
1519). 

Thiebalt,  a  Provencal,  one  of 
Arthur's  escorts  to  Aix. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Anne  of  Gcierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Thieves  (Tlie  Two).  The  penitent 
thief  crucified  with  Jesus  has  been  called 
by  sundry  names,  as  Demas,  Dismas, 
Titus,  Matha,  and  Vicimus. 

The  impenitent  thief  has  heen  called 
Gestas,  Dumachas,  Joca,  and  Justinus. 

In  the  Apocryphal  Gospel  of  Nicodcmua 
the  former  is  called  Dysmas  and  the 
latter  Gestas.  In  the  Story  of  Joseph  cf 
Arimnthea  the  former  is  called  Dema 
and  the  latter  Gestas.  Longfellow,  in 
his  Golden  Lcyend,  calls  them  Titus  and 
Dumachus.  He  says  that  they  attacked 
Joseph  in  his  flight  into  Egypt.  Titus 
said,  "Let  the  good  people  go;"  but 
Dumachus  refused  to  do  so  till  he  "  paid 
a  ransom  for  himself  and  family."  Upon 
this,  Titus  gave  his  fellow  forty  groats  ; 
and  the  infant  Jesus  said,  "In  thirty 
years  I  shall  die,  and  you  two  with  Me. 
We  shall  be  crucified  together;  but  in 
that  day,  Titus,  this  deed  Bhall  be  re- 
membered." 

Tfiieves  (//is  ancestors  proved).  It  is 
sir  Walter  Scott  who  wrote  and  proved 
his  "ancestors  were  thieves,"  in  the  Lay 
of  tlie  Last  Minstrel,  iv.  9. 

A  modern  author  spends  a  hundred  leave* 
To  prove  his  ancestors  notorious  thieves. 

l'kt  Town  Eclogua 

Thieves  Screened.  It  is  said  of 
Edward  the  Confessor  that  one  day, while 
lying  on  his  bed  for  his  afternoon's  nap, 
;i    courtier  stole    into   his  chamber,  and, 


THIEVES  OF  HISTORIC  NOTE.     993      THIEVES  OF  HISTORIC  NOTE. 


seeing  the  king's  casket,  helped  himself 
freely  from  it.    Hereturned  a  second  time, 

and  on  his  third  entrance,  Edward  said, 
"Be  quick,  or  Hugoline  (the  chamber- 
lain) will  see  you."  The  courtier  was 
scarcely  gone,  when  the  chamberlain 
entered  and  instantly  detected  the  theft. 
The  king  said,  "  Never  mind,  Hugoline  ; 
the  fellow  who  has  taken  it  no  doubt  has 
greater  need  of  it  than  either  you  or  I." 
(Reigned  1042-1066.) 

Several  similar  anecdotes  are  told  of 
Robert  the  Pious,  of  France.  At  one 
time  he  saw  a  man  steal  a  silver  candle- 
stick off  the  altar,  and  said,  "  Friend 
Ogger,  run  for  your  life,  or  you  will  be 
found  out."  At  another  time,  one  of 
the  twelve  poor  men  in  his  train  cut  off  a 
rich  j,rold  pendant  from  the  royal  robe, 
and  Robert,  turning  to  the  man,  said  to 
him,  "  Hide  it  quickly,  friend,  before  any 
one  sees  it."     (Reigned  996-1031.) 

The  following  is  told  of  two  or  three 
kings,  amongst  others  of  Ludwig  the 
Pious,  who  had  a  very  overbearing  wife. 
A  beggar  under  the  table,  picking  up  the 
crumbs  which  the  king  let  down,  cut  off 
the  gold  fringe  of  the  royal  robe,  and  the 
king  whispered  to  him,  "  Take  care  the 
queen  doesn't  see  you." 

Thieves  of  Historic  Note. 

Autoi/ycos,  son  of  Hermes ;  a  very 
prince  of  thieves.  He  had  the  power  of 
changing  the  colour  and  shape  of  stolen 
goods,  so  as  to  prevent  their  being  recog- 
nized.— Greek  Fable. 

Baki.ow  (Jimmy),  immortalized  bv 
the  ballad-song  : 

My  name  U  is  Jimmy  Baiiow  ; 
I  was  born  In  the  town  of  Carlow  ; 
And  hen?  I  lie  in  Mary  boro' Jail, 

All  for  the  robbing  of  the  Dublin  mail. 

tJAnToucHK,  the  Dick  Turpin  of 
France  (eighteenth  century). 

Cottinoton  (John),  in  the  time  of  the 
Commonwealth,  who  emptied  the  pockets 
of  Oliver  Cromwell  when  lord  protector, 
stripped  ( 'harks  II.  of  £1500,  and  stole 
%  watch  ai.d  chain  from  lady  Fairfax. 

Duval.  (Claude),  a  French  highway- 
man, noted  fur  his  gallantry  and  daring 
(*-1670).  (See  below,  ".fames  Whit- 
ney," who  was  a  very  similar  character.) 

*+*  Alexander  Dumas  has  a  novel 
entitled  Claude  Duval,  and  Miss  Robin- 
son has  introduced  him  in  White  Friars. 

Frith  (Mary),  usually  called  "Moll 
Cutpurse."  She  had  the  honour  of  rob- 
bing general  Fairfax  on  Hounslow  Heath. 
Mary  Frith  lived  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
[.,  and  died  at  the  age  <>f  75  yean. 


%*  Nathaniel  Field  has  introduced 
Mary  Frith,  and  made  merry  with  some 
of  her  pranks,  in  his  comedv  Amends  for 
Ladies  |  L618). 

Galloping  Dick,  executed  in  Ayles- 
bury in  L800. 

Grant  (Captain),  the  Irish  highway- 
man, executed  at  Maryborough  in  1816. 

Greenwood  (Samuel),  executed  at 
Old  Bailey  in  1822. 

Hassan,  the  "  Old  Man  of  the  Mono  • 
tain,"  once  the  terror  of  Europe.  He 
was  chief  of  the  Assassins  (1056-112-1). 

Hood  (Robin)  and  his  "merry  men 
all,"  of  Sherwood  Forest.  Famed  in 
song,  drama,  and  romance.  Probably 
he  lived  in  the  reign  of  Richard  Cceui  dfl 
Lion. 

%*  Sir  W.  Scott  has  introduced  him 
both  in  The  Talisman  and  in  Tvanhoe. 
Stow  has  recorded  the  chief  incidents  of 
his  life  (see  under  the  year  121:!).  Ritson 
has  compiled  a  volume  of  ballads  re- 
specting him.  Drayton  has  given  a 
sketch  of  him  in  the  PolyoRnon,  xxvi. 
The  following  are  dramas  on  the  same  out- 
law, viz.: —  The  Playe  of  Robgn  Hod 
proper  to  be  played  in  Maye  games  (fif- 
teenth century);  Skelton,  at  the  com- 
mand of  Henry  VIII.,  Wrote  a  drama 
called  The  Downfall  of  Robert  Earl  «{ 
Huntington  (about  1520)  ;  7 
of  Robert  Earl  of  Huntington,  by  Munday 
(15H7);  The  Death  of  Robert  Earle  of 
Huntington,  otherwise  called  Robin  I/<><«t 
of  Merrie  Sherwodde,  by  II.  Chettle 
(1598).  Chettle's  drama  is  in  reality  a 
continuation  of  Munday'e,  like  the  two 
parts  of  Shakespeare's  plays,  Henry  IV* 
and  Ih  nri/  V,    Robin  Hoods  Penn'orths, 

a  play    by  Wm.   Haughton  (1600)  : 

Hood  and  His  Pastoral  ifaj  Games  (1624), 

Robin  llotidand  II  .  Hers  ( 1027), 

both  anonymous  :   The  Sad  Shepfu  r<l  or  a 

Hood  (unfinished  I,  El.  Jonson 

(10:57);    Robin    II /,  an   opera  (1730): 

Hood,  an  opera  by  Dr.  Ajrne  and 
Burney  (1741):  Robin  Hood,  a  musical 
farce  (1751);  Robin  Hood,  a  comic  opera 
(1784)  ;  Robin  Hood,  an  opera  by  O'Keef e, 
music  by  Shield  (1787) ;  Robin  Hood,  by 
Etfacnally  (before  1820).     Sheridan  began 

a   drama  on   the   same  subject,  which   he 

called  '•  rs. 

Pbriphi  'tes  (4  syl.)  of  Argblis,  sur- 
named  "The  Club-Bearer,"  because  he 
used  to  kill  his  victims  with  au  iron 
club.  — Grecian  stun/. 

Peoori  ntks  (:>  si//.),  a  famous  robber 
Of  Attica.  His  real  name  was  PolypS- 
mon  or  Damastfs,  but  he  received  the  »o« 
3  a 


THINK. 


994    THIRTEEN  PRECIOUS  THINGS. 


briquet  of  Procrustes  or  "  The  Stretcher," 
from  his  practice  of  placing  all  victims 
that  fell  into  his  hands  on  a  certain 
bedstead.  If  the  victim  was  too  short 
to  fit  it,  he  stretched  the  limbs  to  the 
right  length  ;  if  too  long,  he  lopped  off 
the  redundant  part. — Grecian  Story. 

Rka  (  William),  executed  at  Old  Bailey 
in  1828. 

Sheppabd  (Jack),  an  ardent,  reckless, 
generous  youth,  wholly  unrivalled  as  a 
thief  and"  burglar.  His  father  was  a 
rarpioter  in  Spitalfieldfl.  Sentence  of 
death  was  passed  on  him  in  August, 
1724 ;  but  when  the  warders  came  to 
take  him  to  execution,  they  found  he 
had  escaped.  He  was  apprehended  in 
the  following  October,  and  again  made 
his  escape.  A  third  time  he  was  caught, 
and  in  November  suffered  death.  Cer- 
tainly the  most  popular  burglar  that  ever 
lived  (1701-1724). 

%*  Daniel  Defoe  made  Jack  Sheppard 
the  hero  of  a  romance  in  1724,  and  H. 
Ainsworth  in  1839. 

Sinis,  a  Corinthian  highwayman,  sur- 
named  "The  Pine-Bender,"  from  his 
custom  of  attaching  the  limbs  of  his 
victims  to  two  opposite  pines  forcibly 
bent  down.  Immediately  the  trees  were 
released,  they  bounded  back,  tearing  the 
victim  limb  from  limb. — Grecian  Story, 

Tku'mkkos,  a  robber  of  I'cloponnesos, 
who  killed  his  victims  by  cracking  their 
Bktills  against  his  own. 

TUBPIH  (l>ick),  a  noted  highwayman 
(1711-1739).  His  ride  to  York  is  de- 
scribed by  H.  Ainsworth  in  his  llookwood 
(1834). 

Whitney  (James),  the  last  of  the 
"  gentlemanly  "  highwaymen,  lie  prided 
himself  on  being  "  the  glass  of  fashion, 
nnd  the  mould  of  form."  Executed  at 
Porter's  Block,  near  Smithtield  (1660- 
1694). 

Wild  (Jonathan),  a  cool,  calculating, 
heartless  villain,  with  the  voice  of  a 
Stentor.  He  was  born  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, in  StalYordshire,  and,  like  Sheppard, 
was  the  son  of  a  carpenter.  Unlike 
Sheppard,  this  cold-blooded  villain  was 
universally  execrated.  He  was  hanged 
at  Tyburn  (1682-1726). 

%*    Defoe  made  Jonathan    Wild  the 
\ien>  .if  a  romance  in  1725  ;  Fielding  in 
744. 

Think.  It  was  Descartes  who  said, 
*'  I  think,  and  therefore  I  exist  "  (Coglto, 
ert/o  sum,  1596-1650). 

"  Higher  than  himself  can  no  man 
think  "  was  the  saying  of  Protagoras. 


Think.  "  Cogitation  resides  not  in 
that  man  that  does  not  think." — Shake- 
speare, Winter's  Tale,  act  i.  sc.  2  (1G04). 

Third  Founder  of  Rome  ( The), 
Caius  Marius.  He  was  so  called  because 
he  overthrew  the  multitudinous  hordes  oi 
Cambrians  and  Teutones  who  came  to 
lick  up  the  Romans  as  the  oxen  of  the 
tield  lick  up  grass  (n.c.  102). 

***  The  first  founder  was  Romulus, 
and  the  second  Cainillus. 

Thirsil  and  Thelgon,  two  gentle 
swains  who  were  kinsmen.  Thelgon 
exhorts  Thirsil  to  wake  his  "too  Long 
sleeping  Muse  ;"  and  Thirsil,  having  col- 
lected the  nymphs  and  shepherds  around 
him,  sang  to  them  the  song  of  The 
Purple  Island. — Phineas  Fletcher,  The 
Turple  Island,  i.,  ii.  (1633). 

Thirsty  (The),  Colman  Itadach,  sur- 
natned  "The  Thirsty,"  was  a  monk  of  the 
rule  of  St.  Patrick.  Itadach,  in  strict 
observance  of  the  Patrician  rule,  refused 
to  quench  his  thirst  even  in  the  harvest- 
field,  and  died  in  consequence. 

Thirteen  Precious  Things  of 
Britain. 

1.  Dyknwyn  (the  sword  of  Rhyd- 
derch  Hael).  If  any  man  except  Hael 
drew  this  blade,  it  burst  into  a  flame  from 
point  to  hilt. 

2.  The  Basket  of  Gwyddnu 
Garaxhib.  If  food  for  one  man  were 
put  therein,  it  multiplied  till  it  sufficed 
for  a  hundred. 

3.  The  Hokn  of  Bran  Gai.ed,  in 
which  was  always  found  the  very 
beverage  that  each  drinker  most  desired. 

I.      llllC       Pl.ATTEK       OF       RHBOTNTDD 

YSOOLHAIO,  which  always  contained  the 
very  food  that  the  eater  most  liked. 

5.  The  Chakiot  of  MORGAN 
MwTHVAWB.  Whoever  sat  therein  was 
transported  instantaneously  to  the  place 
lie  wished  to  go  to. 

6.  The  Halter  OF  Ci.ydno  Eiddts. 
Whatever  horse  he  wished  for  was  always 
found  therein.  It  hung  on  a  staple  at 
the  foot  of  his  bed. 

7.  The  Knife  of  Llawfboddkd 
Fabohawo,  which  would  serve  twenty- 
four  men  simultaneously  at  any  meal. 

8.  The  Cai.dhon  of  Ttkhoo.  If 
ine.it  were  put  in  for  a  brave  man,  it  wa.i 
cocked  instantaneously ;  but  meat  for  a 
coward  would  never  get  boiled  therein. 

9.  The  Whetstone  of  Tfhwai. 
TuTMnxn.  It'  the  sword  of  s  brave  man 
were     sharpened     thereon,    its     cut     wo* 


THIRTEEN  UNLUCKY. 


995 


THOMAS  A  KEMPIS. 


certain  death  ;  hut  if  of  a  coward,  the 
cut  was  harmless. 

10.  The  Robe  <>f  Padabm  Beisrudd, 

which  fitted  every  oue  of  gentle  birth, 
but  no  churl  could  wear  it. 

11.  The  Mantle  ok  Tegau  Eur- 
vron,  which  only  fitted  ladies  whose 
conduct  was  irreproachable. 

12.  The  Mantle  of  king  Arthur, 
which  could  be  worn  or  used  as  a  carpet, 
and  whoever  wore  it  or  stood  on  it  was 
invisible.  This  mantle  or  carpet  was 
called  (iwenn. 

%*  The  ring  of  Luned  rendered  the 
wearer  invisible  so  long  as  the  stone  of  it 
was  concealed. 

13.  The  Chessroard  of  Gwend- 
dolen.  When  the  men  were  placed 
upon  it  they  played  of  themselves.  The 
board  was  of  gold,  and  the  men  silver. 
—  Welsh  Romance. 

Thirteen  Unlucky.  It  is  said 
that  it  is  unlucky  for  thirteen  persons  to 
sit  down  to  dinner  at  the  same  table, 
because  one  of  the  number  will  die  before 
the  year  is  out.  This  silly  superstition  is 
aased  on  the  "  Last  Supper,"  when  Christ 
and  His  twelve  disciples  sat  at  meat 
together.  Jesus,  of  course,  was  crucified ; 
and  Judas  Iscariot  hanged  himself. 

Thirty  (The).  So  the  Spartan  senate 
established  by  Lycurgos  was  called. 

Similarly,  the  Venetian  senate  was 
called  "  The  Forty." 

Thirty    Tyrants   (The).    So   the 

governors  appointed  by  Lysandcr  the 
Spartan  over  Athens  were,  called  (b.c. 
404).  They  continued  in  power  only 
eight  months,  when  Thrasybulos  deposed 
them  and  restored  the  republic. 

"The  Thirty"  put  more  people  to  death  In  eight 
months  of  peace  than  the  enemy  lad  done  In  a  war  of 
thirty  years. — Xenophon. 

Thirty  Tyrants  of  Rome  (The), 
a  fanciful  name,  applied  by  Trebellius 
Pollio  to  a  set  of  adventurers  who  tried 
to  niakr  themselves  masters  of  Rome  at 
sundry  times  between  A.D.  260  and  2G7. 

The  number  was  not  thirty,  and  the 
analogy  between  them  and  "The  Thirty 
Tyrants  of  Athens"  is  scarcely  percep- 
tible. 

Thirty  Years'  War  (The),  a 
series  of  wars  between  the  protestants 
ami  catholics  of  Germany,  terminated  by 
tht  "  Peace  of  Westphalia."  The  war 
arose  thus  :  The  emperor  of  Austria 
interfered  in  the  struggle  between  the 
protestants  and   cathuUcs,    by   depriving 


the  protestants  of  Bohemia  of  their 
religious  privileges ;  in  consequence  of 
which  the  protestants  flew  to  arms. 
After  the  contest  had  been  going  on  for 
some  years,  Richelieu  joined  the  protest- 
ants (lG3o),  not  from  any  love  to  their 
cause,  but  solelv  to  humiliate  Austria  and 
Spain  (1618-1G48). 

The  Peloponnesian  war  between  Atl  --m 
and  Sparta  is  called  "  The  Thirty  Year*' 
War"  (B.C.  404-431). 

Thisbe  (2  s.y/.),  a  beautiful  Baby- 
lonian maid,  beloved  by  PyrSmus,  her 
next-door  neighbour.  As  their  parents 
forbade  their  marriage,  they  contrived  to 
hold  intercourse  with  each  other  through 
a  chink  in  the  garden  wall.  Once  they 
agreed  to  meet  at  the  tomb  of  Ninns. 
Thisbe  was  first  at  the  trysting-place, 
but,  being  scared  by  a  lion,  took  to  flight, 
and  accidentally  dropped  her  robe,  which 
the  lion  tore  and  stained  with  blood. 
Pyramus,  seeing  the  blood-stained  robe, 
thought  that  the  lion  had  eaten  Thisbo, 
and  so  killed  himself.  When  Thisbe  re- 
turned and  saw  her  lover  dead,  she  killed 
herself  also.  Shakespeare  has  burlesqued 
this  prettv  tale  in  his  Midsummer  Night's 
Dream  (1592). 

Thom'alin,  a  shepherd  who  laughed 
to  scorn  the  notion  of  love,  but  was 
ultimately  entangled  in  its  wiles,  He 
tells  Willy  that  one  day,  hearing  a 
rustling  in  a  bush,  he  discharged  an 
arrow,  when  up  flew  Cupid  into  a  tree. 
A  battle  ensued  between  them,  and  when 
the  shepherd,  having  spent  all  his  arrows, 
ran  away,  Cupid  shot  him  in  the  heel. 
Thomalin  did  not  much  heed  the  wound 
at  (irst,  but  soon  it  festered  inwardly  and 
rankled  daily  more  and  more. — Spensi  r, 
Shepheardes  Calendar,  Hi.  (l.r>7;i). 

Thomalin  is  again  introduced  in  eel. 
vii.,  when  he  inveighs  against,  the 
catholic  priests  in  general,  and  the  shep- 
herd Palinode  (3  syl.)  in  particular. 
This  eclogue  could  not  have  been  written 
before  1578,  as  it  refers  to  the  e 
tration  of  Crindal  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury in  that  year. 

Thomas  (Monsieur),  the  fellow- 
traveller  of  Val'entine.  Valentine's  niece 
Mary  is  in  love  with  him. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  Mans,  Thomas  (1619). 

Thomas  (Sir),  a  dogmatical,  prating, 
Belf-sufBcient  squire,  whose  judgments 
are  but  "justices'  justice." — Crabbe, 
Boron j h,  x.  (1810). 

Thomas  a  Kempis,  the   peeudo- 


THOMAS  THE  RHYMER. 


996 


THORNTON. 


nym  of  Jean  Charlier  de  Gerson  (1363- 
1429).  Some  say,  of  Thomas  Hanimer- 
lein  Male&lus  (1380-1471). 

Thomas  the  Rhymer  or  "Thomas 
of  Erceldoun,"  an  ancient  Scottish  bard. 
His  name  was  Thomas  Learmont,  and  he 
lived  in  the  days  of  Wallace  (thirteenth 
century). 

This  personage,  the  Merlin  of  Scotland,  .  .  .  was  a 
magician  as  well  as  a  poet  and  prophet.  He  is  alleged 
still  to  he  living  in  the  land  of  Fai'rv.  and  is  expected  to 
return  at  some  great  convulsion  of  society,  in  which  he  is 
to  act  a  distinguished  part. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  JMxn- 
gerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

%*  If  Thomas  the  Rhymer  lived  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  it  is  an  ana- 
chronism to  allude  to  him  in  Castle 
Dangerous,  the  plot  of  which  novel  is 
laid  in  the  twelfth  century. 

***  Thomas  the  Rhymer,  and  Thomas 
Rymer  were  totally  different  persons. 
The  latter  was  an  historiographer,  who 
compiled  The  Fcedera  (1638-1713). 

Thopas  (Sir),  a  native  of  Poperyng, 
in  Flanders  ;  a  capital  sportsman,  archer, 
wrestler,  and  runner.  Sir  Thopas  re- 
solved to  marry  no  one  but  an  "  elf 
queen, "and  accordingly  started  for  Fafiry- 
land.  On  his  way,  he  met  the  three- 
headed  giant  Olit'aunt,  who  challenged 
him  to  single  combat.  Sir  Thopas  asked 
permission  to  go  for  his  armour,  and 
promised  to  meet  the  giant  next  day. 
Here  mine  host  broke  in  with  the  ex- 
clamation, "Intolerable  sttilf!"and  the 
Btory  was  left  unfinished.  —  Chaucer, 
Canterbury  Talcs  ("The  Rime  of  Sir 
Thopas,"  1388). 

Thor,  eldest  son  of  Odin  and  Frigga ; 
strongest  and  bravest  of  the  gods.  He 
launched  the  thunder,  presided  over  the 
air  and  the  seasons,  and  protected  man 
it' in  lightning  and  evil  spirits. 

His  wife  was  Sif  ("love"). 

His  chariot  was  drawn  by  two  he- 
goats. 

His  mace  or  hammer  was  called 
Mjolner. 

His  belt  was  Megingjard.  Whenever 
lie  put  it  on  his  strength  was  doubled. 

His  palace  was  Thrudvangr.  It  con- 
tain ed  640  halls. 

Thursday  is  Thor's  day. — Scandinavian 

The  word  means  "  Refuge  from  terror." 

Thoresby  (Broad),  one  of  the 
troopers  under  Fitzurse. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Thom'berry  (.M),  a  brazier  in 
Penzance.      He    was   a   blunt   but    kind 


man,  strictly  honest,  most  charitable, 
and  doting  on  his  daughter  Mary.  Job 
Thornberry  is  called  "John  Bull,"  and  is 
meant  to  be  a  type  of  a  genuine  English 
tradesman,  unsophisticated  by  cant  and 
foreign  manners.  He  failed  in  business 
"through  the  treachery  of  a  friend  ;"  but 
Peregrine,  to  whom  he  had  lent  ten 
guineas,  returning  from  Calcutta  after 
the  absence  of  thirty  years,  gave  him 
£10,000,  which  he  said  his  loan  had 
grown  to  by  honest  trade. 

Alary  Thornberry,  his  daughter,  in  love 
with  Frank  Kochdale,  son  and  heir  of  sir 
Simon  Rochdale,  whom  ultimately  she 
married. — G.  Colman,  junior,  John  Bull 
(1805). 

Thornhaugh  {Colonel),  an  officer  in 
Cromwell's  army. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wood- 
stock (time,  Commonwealth). 

Thornhill  (Sir  William),  alias  Mr. 
Burchell,  about  30  years  of  age.  Moat 
generous  and  most  whimsical,  most  bene- 
volent and  most  sensitive.  Sir  William 
was  the  landlord  of  Dr.  Primrose,  the 
vicar  of  Wakefield.  After  travelling 
througb  Europe  on  foot,  he  had  returned 
and  lived  incognito.  In  the  garb  and 
aspect  of  a  pauper,  Mr.  Burchell  is  intro- 
duced to  the  vicar  of  Wakefield.  Twice 
he  rescued  his  daughter  Sophia — once 
when  she  was  thrown  from  her  horse  into 
a  deep  stream,  and  once  when  she  was 
abducted  by  squire  Thoruhill.  Ultimately 
he  married  her. — Goldsmith,  The  Vicar  of 
Wakefield  (1766). 

Thornhill  (Souire),  nephew  of  sir 
William  Thornhill.  He  enjoyed  a  large 
fortune,  but  was  entirely  dependent  on  his 
uncle.  He  was  a  sad  libertine,  who 
abducted  both  the  daughters  of  Dr. 
Primrose,  and  cast  the  old  vicar  into  jail 
for  rent  after  the  entire  loss  of  his  bouse, 
money,  furniture,  and  books  by  fire. 
Squire  Thornhill  tried  to  impose  upon 
Olivia  Primrose  by  a  false  marriage,  but 
was  caught  in  his  own  trap,  for  the 
marriage  proved  to  be  legal  in  every 
respect. — Goldsmith,  The  Vicar  of  Wake- 
Jicld  (1766). 

This  worthy  citizen  ahused  the  aristocracy  much  on  the 
same  principle  as  the  fair  Olivia  depreciated  squire  Thoru- 
hill : — he  hud  u  sneaking  affection  lor  what  he  ahused.— 
Lord  Lytum. 

Thornton  (Captain),  an  English 
officer. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Iiob  Hog  (time, 
George  I.). 

Thornton  (OyrS)t  the  hero  and  title  of 
a  no/el  of  military  adventure,  by  capta:n 
Thomas  Hamilton  (18-27). 


THOROUGH  DOCTOR. 


P97       THREE  A  DIVINE  NUMBER, 


Thorough  Doctor  ( The).  William 
Varro  wa3  called  Doctor  Fundatus  (thir- 
teenth century). 

Thoughtful  (Father),  Nicholas 
Cat'inet,  a  marshal  of  France.  So  called 
bv  his  soldiers  for  his  cautious  and 
thoughtful  policy  (1637-1712). 

Thoughtless  (Miss  Betty),  a  vir- 
tuous, sensible,  and  amiable  young  lady, 
utterly  regardless  of  the  conventionalities 
j»f  society,  and  wholly  ignorant  of  eti- 
pi  rt.te.  She  is  consequently  for  ever 
involved  in  petty  scrapes  most  mortifying 
to  her  sensitive  mind.  Even  her  lover  is 
alarm  5d  at  her  gaucherie,  and  deliberates 
whether  such  a  partner  for  life  is  de- 
sirable.—  Mrs.  Hevwood,  Miss  Betty 
Thow/htless  (1697-17'58). 

(Mrs.  Heywood's  novel  evidently  sug- 
gested the  Evelina  of  Miss  Burney, 
1778.) 

Thoulouse  (Raymond  count  of),  one 
of  the  crusading  princes. — Sir  W '.  Scott, 
Count  Robert  of  Faris  (time,  Rufus). 

Thraso,  a  bragging,  swaggering 
captain,  the  Roman  Bobadil  (q.v.). — 
Terence,  The  Eunuch. 

Thraso,  duke  of  Mar,  one  of  the  allies 
of  Charlemagne.  —  Ariosto,  Orlando 
Furioso  (1516). 

Threadneedle  Street  (London),  a 
corruption  of  Thridenal  Street,  i.e.  the 
third  street  from  Cheapside.  (Anglo- 
Saxon,  thridda,  "third.") 

Three  a  Divine  Number.  Py- 
thagoras calls  three  the  perfect  number, 
expressive  of  "  beginning,  middle,  and 
end,"  and  he  makes  it  a  symbol  of  deity. 

American  Indians:  Otkon  (creator), 
Mossou  (jirovidence),  Atahuata  (the 
Loijos). 

(Called  Otkon  by  the  Iroquois,  and 
Otkee  by  the  Virginians.) 

Armorica.  The  korrigans  or  fays  of 
Armorica  are  three  times  three. 

Brahmins  :  Brahma,  Vishnu,  Siva. 

Buddhists  :  Buddha,  Annan  Sousja, 
Rosia  Sonsja. 

(These  are  the  three  idols  seen  in 
Buddhist  temples  ;  Buddha  stands  in  the 
middle.) 

Christians:  The  Father,  the  Son  (the 
Lojos),  the  Holy  Ghost. 

When,  in  creation,  the  earth  was  with- 
out form  and  void,  "the  Spirit  moved 
over  the  face,"  and  put  it  into  order. 

Egyptians  (Ancient).  Almost  each 
nome  had  its   own   triad,  but   the    most 


general  were  Osiris,  Isis,  Horns;   Eicton, 
Cneph  (creator),  l'litha. — Jamblichus. 

Etruscans.  Their  college  consisted 
of  three  times  three  gods. 

Lars  PorsOna  of  Clusium, 

By  the  nine  goda  lie  swore 
That  the  great  bouse  of  Tarquin 
Should  suffer  wrong  no  more. 

Lord  Macaulay.  l.ai/n  of  A  nHrnt  Rom* 
("  Horatius,"  1S4^). 

Kamtschadai.es  :  Koutkhou  (creator 
of  heaven),  Kouhttigith,  his  sister  (creator 
of  earth),  Outleigin  (creator  of  ocean). 

Parskks  :  Ahura  (the  creator),  Vohu 
Mano  ("entity"),  Akein  Mano  ("non- 
entity "). 

Persians  :  Oromasdes  or  OromazGs 
(the  good  principle),  ArimanCs  (the  evil 
principle),  Mithras  (fecundity). 

Others  give  Zervanc  (god  the  father), 
and  omit  Mithras  from  the  trinity. 

Peruvians  (Ancient)  :  Pachama  (god- 
dess mother),  Virakotcha  (—Jupiter), 
Mamakotcha  (= Neptune).  They  called 
their  trinity  "Tangatanga"  (i.e.  "three 
in  one"). 

Phoenicians:  Kolpia  (the  Lajos),  Ba- 
aut  ("darkness").  Mot  ("matter"). 

Romans  (Ancient):  Jupiter  (god  of 
heath  n),  Neptune  (god  of  earth  and  sea), 
Pluto  (god  of  hell). 

(Their  whole  college  of  gods  consisted 
Of  four  times  three  deities.) 

Scandinavians:  Odin  ("life"),  11  se- 
nir  ("motion"),  Loda  ("matter"). 

Taiiitians  :  Taroataihetoomoo  (chief 
deity),  Tepapa  (the  fecund  principle), 
Tettoomatataya  (their  offspring). 

Lao-Tseu,  "the  Chinese  philosopher, 
says  the  divine  trinity  is:   Ki,  Hi,  Ouei. 

Orpheus  says  it  is :  Plumes  (light), 
Uranos  (heaven),  Kronos  (time). 

Plato  says  it  is:  TO  Agatlmn  (good- 
ness), Nous  (intelligence),  Psucho  (tJie 
mundane  soul). 

Pythagoras  says  it  is:  Monad  (the 
unit  or  oiieness),  Nous,  Psuch§. 

Vossius  says  it  is  :  .hi|iiter  (divine 
power),  Minerva  (the  Lcmjos),  Juno  (da-ine 
proqenitiveness). 

Subordinate.  The  orders  of  Ancki.s 
are  three  times  three,  viz.:  (1)  Seraphim, 
(2)  Cherubim,  (3)  Thrones,  (4)  1  lominions, 
;;>)  Virtues,  >;)  Powers,  (7)  Principalities, 
(S)  Archangels,  (9)  Angels. — Dionysius 
the  Areopagite. 

In  heaven  abore 

The  effulgent  hands  in  triple  circles  move. 

Tasso,  JcrtituUm  Ihlivcred.  xl.  13  (15761 

The  Cities  of  Refuge  were  three  on 

each  side  the  Jordan. 

The  Fates  are  three:  Clotho  (with  her 
distaiV,  presides  at  birth),  Lachesis  (spins 


THREE  A  DIVINE  NUMBER.       998       THREE  A  DIVINE  NUMBER. 


the  thread  of  life),  Atropos  (cuts  the 
thread). 

The  Furies  are  three :  Tisipone, 
A  lecto,  Megaera. 

The  Graces  are  three  :  Euphros'yne 
(cheerfulness  of  mind),  Aglaia  (mirth), 
Thai  la  (good-tempered  jest) . 

The  Judges  of  Hades  are  three  : 
Minos  (the  chief  baron),  /Eacus  (the  judge 
of  Europeans),  Rhadamanthus  (the  judge 
of  Asiatics  and  Africans). 

The  Muses  are  three  times  three. 

Jupiter's  thunder  is  three-forked  (tri- 
fldum)  ;     Neptune's     trident    has    three 

1>rongs  ;  Plato's  dog  CerbCrus  has  three 
leads.  The  rivers  of  hell  are  three  times 
three,  and  Styx  flows  round  it  thrice 
three  times. 

In  Scandinavian  mythology,  there  are 
three  times  three  earths ;  three  times 
three  worlds  in  Nillheim  ;  three  times 
three  regions  under  the  dominion  of  Hel. 

According  to  a  mediaeval  tradition,  the 
heavens  are  three  times  three,  viz.,  the 
Moon,  Venus,  Mercury,  the  Sun,  Mars, 
Jupiter,  Saturn,  the  fixed  stars,  and  the 
primum  mobile. 

Symbolic,  (1)  In  the  tabernacle  and 
Jewish  Temple. 

The  Temple  consisted  of  three  parts : 
the  porch,  the  Temple  proper,  and  the 
holy  of  holies.  It  had  three  courts: 
the  court  of  tltc  priests,  the  court  of  the 
people,  and  the  court  of  foreigners.  The 
innermost  court  had  three  rows,  and 
three  windows  in  each  row  (1  Kings 
vi.  3(>  ;  vii.  4). 

Similarly,  Ezekiel's  city  had  three 
gates  on  each  side  (Ezek.  xlviii.  31). 
Cyras  left  direction  for  the  rebuilding  of 
the  Temple:  it  was  to  be  three  score 
cubits  in  height,  and  three  score  cubits 
wide,  and  three  rows  of  great  stones 
were  to  be  set  up  (Ezra  vi.  3,  4).  In  like 
manner,  the  "  new  Jerusalem  "  is  to  have 
four  times  three  foundations  :  (1)  jasper, 
(2)  sapphire,  (3)  chalcedony,  (4)  emerald, 
(;">)  sardonyx,  ((!)  sardius,  (7)  chrvsolyte, 
(X)  beryl,  (9)  topaz,  (10)  chrysoprase, 
(11)  jacinth,  (12)  amethyst.  It  is  to 
have  three  gates  fronting  each  cardinal 
quarter  (Rev.  xxi.  13-20). 

(2)  In  the  Temple  Furniture:  The  golden 
candlestick  had  three  branches  on  each 
side  (Exod.  xxv.  82)  ;  there  were  three 
bowls  (ver.  88)  ;  the  height  of  the  altar 
was  three  cubits  (/.'.cod.  xxvii.  1);  there 
Were  three  pillars  for  the  hangings  (ver. 
14);  Solomon's  molten  sea  «  as  supported 
on  oxen,  three  facing  each  cardinal  point 
(1  Kinds  vii.  2.')). 


(3)  Sacrifccs  and  Offering* :  A  meat 
offering  consisted  of  three  tenth  deals  of 
fine  flour  (Lev.  xiv.  Hi)  ;  Hannah  offered 
up  three  bullocks  when  Samuel  was  devoted 
to  the  Temple  (1  Sam.  i.  24)  ;  three  sorts 
of  beasts — bullocks,  rams,  and  lambs — 
were  appointed  for  offerings  (Numb. 
xxix.)  ;  the  Jews  were  commanded  to 
keep  three  national  feasts  yearly  (Exod. 
xxiii.  14-17)  ;  in  all  criminafcharges  three 
witnesses  were  required  (/'cut.  xvii.  0). 

MlSCEl.LANEiM  s  Threes.  Joshua  sent 
three  men  from  each  tribe  to  surve\  the 
land  of  Canaan  (Josh,  xviii.  4).  Mr*964 
had  done  the  same  at  the  ex  press  command 
of  (Jod(Kumb.  xiii.).  Job  had  three  friends 
(JoIju.  11).  Abraham  was  accosted  by  three 
men  (angels),  with  whom  he  pleaded  to 
spare  the  cities  of  the  plain  (<icn.  xviii. 
2).  Nebuchadnezzar  cast  three  men  into 
the  fiery  furnace  (I>an.  iii.  24).  David 
had  three  mighty  men  of  valour,  and  one 
of  them  slew  300  of  the  Philistines  with  his 
spear  (2  8am.  xxiii.  9,  18).  Nebuchad- 
nezzar's image  was  three  score  cubits 
high  (Dan.  iii.  1).  Moses  was  hidden 
three  months  from  the  Egyptian  police 
(Exod.  ii.  2).  The  ark  of  the  covenant 
was  three  months  in  the  house  of  Obed- 
edom  (2  S.im.  vi.  11).  Balaam  smote 
his  ass  three  times  before  the  beast 
upbraided  him  (Numb,  xxii.  28).  Samson 
mocked  Delilah  three  times  (Judges  xvi. 
16).  Elijah  stretched  himself  three  times 
on  the  child  which  he  restored  to  life 
(1  Kings  xvii.  21).  The  little  horn 
plucked  up  three  horns  by  the  roots 
(Dan.  vii.  H).  The  bear  seen  by  Daniel 
in  his  vision  had  three  ribs  in  its  mouth 
(ver.  ,r>).  Joab  slew  Absalom  with  three 
darts  (2  &im.  xviii.  14).  God  gave 
David  the  choice  of  three  chastisements 
(2  8am,  xxiv.  12).  The  great  famine 
in  David's  reign  lasted  three  years  (2 
8am,  xxi.  1)  ;  so  did  the  great  drought 
in  Ahab's  reign  (Luke  iv.  25).  There 
were  three  men  transfigured  on  the 
mount,  and  three  spectators  (Matt.  xvii. 
1—4).  The  sheet  was  let  down  to  Peter 
three  times  (Acts  x.  lfi).  rhere  are 
three  Christian  graces :  Faith,  hope,  and 
charity  (1  Cor.  xiii.  13).  There  are 
three  that  bear  record  in  heaven,  and 
three  that  bear  witness  on  earth  (1  J"hn 
v.  7,  X).  There  were  three  unclean  spirits 
that  came  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  dragon 
(/.'<  v,  xvi.  13). 

So  again.  Fvery  ninth  ware  is  said 
to  be  the  largest. 

[  They]  watched  the  great  see,  fall. 
Ware  after  wai  r  than  the  U*t| 

Til)  last  ■  ninth  one.  itathrrhut  half  the  ileep 


THREE  ARDENT  LOVERS,  ETC.    999    THREE  COUNSELLING  KNIGHTS. 


And  full  of  voices,  slowly  rose  ami  plunged. 
Roaring,  and  all  the  wave  was  in  a  flame. 

Tennyson,  The  Holy  Grail  (18.13-59). 

A  wonder  is  said  to  last  three  times 
three  days.  The  scourge  used  for 
criminals  is  a  "cat  o'  nine  tails."  Pos- 
session is  nine  points  of  the  law,  being 
equal  to  (1)  money  to  make  good  a 
claim,  (2)  patience  to  carry  a  suit 
through,  (3)  a  good  cause,  (4)  a  good 
lawyer,  (5)  a  good  counsel,  (6)  good 
witnesses,  (7)  a  good  jury,  (8)  a  good 
judge,  (9)  good  luck.  Leases  used  to  be 
granted  for  999  years.  Ordeals  by  fire 
consisted  of  three  times  three  red-hot 
ploughshares. 

There  are  three  times  three  crowns 
recognized  in  heraldry,  and  three  times 
three  marks  of  cadency. 

We  show  honour  by  a  three  times 
three  in  drinking  a  health. 

The  worthies  are  three  Jews,  three 
pagans,  and  three  Christians :  viz., 
Joshua,  David,  and  Judas  Maccabaeus ; 
Hector,  Alexander,  and  Julius  Caesar ; 
Arthur,  Charlemagne,  and  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon.  The  worthies  of  London  are 
three  times  three  also :  (1)  sir  William 
Walworth,  (2)  sir  Henry  Pritchard,  (3) 
sir  William  Sevenoke,  (4)  sir  Thomas 
White,  (5)  sir  John  Bonham,  (6)  Chris- 
topher Croker,  (7)  sir  John  Hawkwood, 
(8)  sir  Hugh  Caverley,  (9)  sir  Henry 
Maleverer  (Richard  Johnson,  The  Nine 
Worthies  of  London). 

***  Those  who  take  any  interest  in  this 
subject  can  easily  multiply  the  examples 
here  set  down  to  a  much  greater  number. 
(See  below,  the  Welsh  Triads.) 

Three  Ardent  Lovers  of  Britain 

(Tlte) :  (1)  Caswallawn  son  of  E-eli,  the 
ardent  lover  of  Flur  daughter  of  Mug- 
nach  Gorr ;  (2)  Tristan  or  Tristram  son 
of  Talluch,  the  ardent  lover  of  Ysoult 
wife  of  March  Meirchawn  his  uncle, 
generally  called  king  Mark  of  Cornwall ; 
(3)  Kynon  son  of  Clydno  Eiddin,  the 
ardent  lover  of  Morvyth  daughter  of 
Urien  of  Rheged. —  Welsh  Triads. 

Three  Battle  Knights  (The)  in 
the  court  of  king  Arthur:  (1)  Cadwr 
earl  of  Cornwall;  (2)  Launcelot  du  Lac  ; 
(3)  Owain  son  of  Urien  prince  of  Rheged, 
i.e.  Cumberland  and  some  of  the  ad- 
jacent lands.  These  three  would  never 
retreat  from  battle,  neither  for  spear, 
nor  sword,  nor  arrow  ;  and  Arthur  kn2W 
no  shame  in  fight  when  they  were  present. 
—  Welsh  Triads. 

Three  Beautiful  Women  (The) 


of  the  court  of  king  Arthur:  (1)  Gwen- 
liwvv.ir  or  <  iucnever  wife  of  king  Arthur  ; 

(2)  Enid,  who  dressed  in  "  azure  robes," 
wife  of  Geraint ;  (3)  Tegau  oi  Tegau 
Euron. —  Welsh  Triads. 

Three  Blessed  Rulers  (The)  of 
the  island  of  Britain  :  (1)  Bran  or  Vran, 
son  of  Llyr,  and  father  of  Caradawc  (Ca~ 
ractacus).  He  was  called  "The  Blessed" 
because  he  introduced  Christianity  into 
the  nation  of  the  Cymry  from  Rome  ;  he 
learnt  it  during  his  seven  years'  detention 
in  that  city  with  his  son.  (2)  Llenrig 
ab  Coel  ab  Cyllyn  Sant,  surnamed  "The 
Great  Light."  He  built  the  cathedral  of 
Llandaff,  the  first  sanctuary  in   Britain. 

(3)  Cadwaladyr,  who  gave  refuge  to  all 
believers  driven  out  by  the  Saxons  from 
England. —  Welsh  Triads,  xxxv. 

Three  Calenders  (The),  three 
sons  of  three  kings,  who  assumed  the 
disguise  of  begging  dervises.  They  had 
each  lost  one  eye.  The  three  met  in  the 
house  of  Zobeide,  and  told  their  re- 
spective tales  in  the  presence  of  Haroun- 
al-Raschid  also  in  disguise.  (See  Calen- 
ders, p.  150.) —  Arabian  Nitjhts  ("The 
Three  Calenders"). 

Three  Chief  Ladies  (TJw)  of  the 
island  of  Britain  :  (1)  Ifranwen  daughter 
of  king  Llyr,  "  the  fairest  damsel  in  the 
world  ;  "  (2)  Gwenhwyvar  or  Guenever 
wife  of  king  Arthur  ;  "(3)  yEtheltlaed  the 
wife  of  ^Ethelred. 

Three  Closures  ( The)  of  the  island 
of  Britain  :  (1)  The  head  of  Vrnn  son  of 
Llyr,  surnamed  "The  Blessed,"  which 
was  buried  under  the  White  Tower  of 
London,  and  so  long  as  it  remained  there, 
no  invader  would  enter  the  island.  (2) 
The  bones  of  Vortimer,  surnamed  "The 
Blessed,"  buried  in  the  chief  harbour  of 
the  island  ;  so  long  as  they  remained 
there,  no  hostile  ship  would  approach  the 
coast.  (3)  The  dragons  buried  by  Lludd 
son  of  Beli,  in  the  city  of  Pharaon,  in 
the  Snowdon  rocks.  (See  Three  Fatal 
Disclosures.) — Welm  Truids,  liii. 

Three  Counselling  Knights 
(The)  of  the  court  of  king  Arthur:  (1) 
Kynon  or  Cynon  son  of  Clydno  Eiddin  ; 
(2)  Aron  son  of  Kynfarch  ap  Meirchion 
Gul ;  (3)  Llywarch  Hen  son  of  Elidii 
Lydanwyn.  So  long  as  Arthur  followed 
the  advice  of  these  three,  his  success  was 
invariable,  but  when  he  neglected  to 
follow  their  counsel,  his  defeat  was  sure. 
—  Welsh  Triads. 


THREE  DIADEMED  CHIEFS.       1000 


THREE  MAKERS,  ETC. 


Three  Diademed  Chiefs  {The) 
of  the  island  of  Britain  :  (1)  Kai  son  of 
Kyr.cr,  the  sewer  of  king  Arthur.  He 
roultl  transform  himself  into  any  shape 
he  pleased.  Always  ready  to  tight,  and 
always  worsted.  Half  knight  and  half 
buffoon.  (2)  Trystan  niab  Tallwch,  one 
of  Arthur's  tnree  heralds,  and  one  whom 
nothing  could  divert  from  his  purpose  ; 
he  is  generally  called  sir  Tristram.  (3) 
Gwevyl  niab  Gwestad,  the  melancholy. 
"  When  sad,  he  would  let  one  of  his  lips 
drop  below  his  waist,  while  the  other 
turned  up  like  a  cap  upon  his  head." — 
The  Afabmogion,  227. 

Three  Disloyal  Tribes  (T7ic)  of 
the  island  of  Britain:  (1)  The  tribe  of 
Goronwy  Pebyr,  which  refused  to  stand 
substitute  for  their  lord,  Llew  Llaw 
Uvffes,  when  a  poisoned  dart  was  shot  at 
him  by  Lleeh  Goronwy  ;  ('-')  the  tribe 
"f  Gwrgi,  which  deserted  their  lord  in 
Caer  (ireu,  when  he  met  Eda  Glinmawr 
in  battle  (both  were  slain)  ;  (3)  the 
tribe  of  Alan  Yyrgan,  which  slunk 
away  from  their  lord  on  his  journey  to 
Cam  Ian,  when  he  was  slain. —  Welsh 
Triads,  xxxv. 

Three  Estates  of  the  Realm : 
(he  nobility,  the  clergy,  and  the  com- 
monalty. 

N.I'.. — The  -sovereign  is  not  one  of  the 
♦hree  estates. 

Three  Fatal  Disclosures  (The) 
of  the  island  of  Britain :  (1)  That  of  the 

buried   head   of   Yran   "the   I'.lessed  "   by 

king  Arthur,  because  lie  refused  to  hold 
the  sovereignty  of  the  land  except  by 
his  own  strength;  ("-')  that,  of  the  bones 
of  Vortimer  by  Vortigern,  out  of  love 
for  Ron  wen  {JSovena)  daughter  of  Hen- 
gist  the  Saxon  ;  (3)  that  of  the  dragons 
in  Snowdon  by  Yortigem,  in  revenge  of 
the  Cymryan  displeasure  against  him  ; 
having  this  done,  he  invited  over  the 
Saxons  in  his  defence.  (See  Tjikke 
Closures.)—- Walsh  Duals,  liii. 

Three-Fingered  Jack,  the  nick- 
name of  a  famous  negro  robber,  who  was 
the  terror  of  Jamaica  in  1780.     He  was 

nt  length  hunted  down  and  killed  in 
1781. 

Three  Golden-Tongued  Knights 
i  The)  in  the  court  of  king  Arthur: 
(l)  Gwalchmai,  called  in  French  Gawain 
son  of  Gwyar:  (2)  Drudwas  son  of 
Tryffin  ;  (8)  Kliwlod  son  of  Madog  ab 
I'lhur.  They  never  made  a  request  which 
was  not  at  once  granted. —  Welsh  Triads. 


Three  Great  Astronomers  ( T/te) 
of  the  island  of  Britain:  (1)  Gwydion 
son  of  Don.  From  him  the  Milky  Way 
is  called  "  Caer  Gwydion."  He  called 
the  constellation  Cassiopeia  "The  Court 
of  Don"  or  Llys  Don,  after  his  father; 
and  the  Corona  Borealis  he  called  "  Caer 
Arianrod,"  after  his  daughter.  (2)  Gwynn 
son  of  Nudd.  (3)  Idris. —  Welsh  Triads, 
ii.  325. 

Three  Holy  Tribes  {The)  of  the 
island  of  Britain:  (1)  That  of  Bran  or 
Yran,  who  introduced  Christianity  into 
Wales ;  (2)  that  of  Cunedda  Wledig ; 
and  (3)  that  of  Brvchan  Brycheiuiog. — 
Welsh  Triads,  xxxv. 

Three  Kings.  In  our  line  of  kings 
we  never  exceed  three  reigns  without 
interruption  or  catastrophe.     (See  KlKOfl 

OK   E.\l. LAND,   p.  517.) 

Three  Kings'  Day,  Twelfth  Day 

or  Epiphany,  designed  to  commemorate 
the  visit  of  the  "three  kings"  or  "  Wise 
Men  of  the  East"  to  the  infant  Jesus. 

Three  Kings  of  Cologne  (The), 
the  three  "  Wise  Men  "  who  followed  the 
guiding  star  "from  the  East"  to  Jeru- 
salem, and  offered  gifts  to  the  babe 
Jesus.  Their  nanus  were  Jaspar  or  Gas- 
pur,  Melchior,  and  Balthazar;  orApelliua, 
Ainerus,  and  Damascus;  or  Magalath, 
Galgalath,  and  Sarasin:  or  Ator,  Sator, 

and  1'cratoras.    Klopstock,  in  liis  Messiah, 

says  the  Wise  Men  were  six  in  number, 
and  gives  their  names  as  Hadad,  Sellma, 

Zimri,  Mirja,  Beled,  and  Sunith. 

%*  The  toys  shown  in  Cologne  Cathe- 
dral as  the  "  three  kings  "  are  called 
Gaspar,  Melchior,  and  Balthazar. 

Three  Learned  Knights  {Tlie) 
of  the  island  of  BriUiin  :  (1)  Gwalchmai 
ab  Gwyar,  called  in  French  romances 
(iawain  son  of  Lot;  (2)  Llecheu  ab 
Arthur;  (6)  Khiwallon  with  the  broom- 
bush  hair.  There  was  nothing  that  man 
knew  they  did  not  know. —  Welsh  Triads. 

Three-Leg  Alley  (London),  now 
called  Penibcrton  Bow,  Fetter  Lane. 

Three  Letters  (^l  Man  of),  a  thief. 
A  Roman  phrase,  from  fur,  "a  thief." 

Tun'  triiun  literurum  ttOBM 
Me  Vttapcm  I     Fur  ! 

riaiinu.  AuluUiria,  II.  4. 

Three  Makers  of  Golden  Shoes 

of  the  island  of  Britain  :  (1)  (as- 

wallawn   son   of   Lcli,   when  he  went  to 

Gascony  to  obtain  llur.     She  had  been 


THREE-MEN  WINE. 


1001 


THROGMORTON  STREET. 


abdacted  for  Julius  Ctesar,  but  was 
brought  back  by  the  prince.  (2)  Mana- 
wyddan  son  of  Llyr,  when  he  sojourned 
in  Lloegyr  (England).  (3)  Llew  Llaw 
Gj  ft'es,  when  seeking  anus  from  his 
mother. —  Welsh  Triads,  cxxiv. 

"  What  craft  shall  we  take  ?  "  said  Manawyddan.  .  .  . 
"  Let  us  take  to  making  shoes."  ...  So  he  bought  the 
best  cordwal  .  .  .  and  got  the  best  goldsmith  to  make 
clasps  .  .  .  and  he  was  called  one  of  the  three  makers  of 
gold  shoes. — The  Mabinogion  I"  Manawyddan,"  twelfth 
.--»Uury). 

Three-Men  Wine.  Very  bad  wine 
Is  so  called,  because  it  requires  one  man 
to  hold  the  victim,  a  second  to  pour  the 
wine  down  his  throat,  and  the  third  is 
the  victim  made  to  drink  it. 

Abraham  Santa  Clara,  the  preaching 
friar,  calls  the  wine  of  Alsace  "three- 
men  wine." 

Three  per  Cents.  "The  sweet 
simplicity  of  the  three  per  cents."  This 
was  the  saying  of  Dr.  Scott  (lord 
Stowell),  brother  of  lord  Eldon  the 
great  Admiralty  judge. 

Three  Robbers  (The).  The  three 
stars  in  Orion's  belt  are  said  to  be 
"three  robbers  climbing  up  to  rob  the 
Ranee's  silver  bedstead." — Miss  Frere, 
Old  Deccan  Days,  28. 

Three  Stayers  of  Slaughter 
(The):  (1)  Gwgawn  Gleddyvrud ;  the 
name  of  his  horse  was  Buctiestom.  (2) 
Morvran  eil  Tegid.  (3)  Gilbert  mab 
Cadgyffro. —  Welsh  Triads,  xxix. 

Three  Tailors  of  Tooley  Street 
(The),  three  worthies,  who  held  a  meet- 
ing in  Tooley  Street  for  the  redress  of 
popular  grievances,  and  addressed  a  peti- 
tion to  the  House  of  Commons,  while 
Canning  was  prime  minister,  beginning, 
"We,  the  people  of  England." 

Three  Tribe  Herdsmen  of  Bri- 
tain (The)  :  (1)  Llawnrodded  Varvawe, 
who  tended  the  milch  cows  of  Nudd 
Hael  son  of  Senyllt ;  (2)  Bennren,  who 
kept  the  herd  of  Caradawc  son  of  Bran, 
Glamorganshire ;  (3)  Gwdion  son  of 
Don  the  enchanter,  who  kept  the  kin« 
of  Gwynedd  above  the  Conway.  All 
these  herds  consisted  of  21,000  milch 
cows. —  Welsh  Triads,  Ixxxv. 

Three  Tyrants  of  Athens  ( The) : 
Pisistratos  (h.c.  660-490),  Hippias  and 
Uipparchoa  (n.c.  527-490). 

(The  two  brothers  reigned  conjointly 
from  527-514,  when  the  latter  was  mur- 
dered.) 

Three    Unprofessional    Bards 


(The)  of  the  island  of  Britain  :  (1)  Rhy- 
awd  son  of  Morgant ;  (2)  king  Arthur; 
(3)  Cadwallawn  son  of  Cadvan. —  Welsh 
Triads,  lxxxix.  113. 

Three  Weeks  after  Marriage, 
a  comedy  by  A.  Murphy  (1770).  Sir 
Charles  Racket  has  married  the  daughter 
of  a  rich  London  tradesman,  and  {.lire* 
weeks  of  the  honeymoon  having  expired, 
he  comes  on  a  visit  to  the  lady's  father, 
Mr.  Drugget.  Old  Drugget  plumes  him- 
self on  his  aristocratic  son-in-law,  so 
far  removed  from  the  vulgar  brawls  of 
meaner  folk.  On  the  night  of  their 
arrival,  the  bride  and  bridegroom  quarrel 
about  a  game  of  whist;  the  lady  main- 
tained that  sir  Charles  ouglrt  to  have 
played  a  diamond  instead  of  a  club.  So 
angry  is  sir  Charles  that  he  resolves  to 
have  a  divorce  ;  and  although  the  quarrel 
is  patched  up,  Mr.  Drugget  has  seen 
enough  of  the  beau  monde  to  decline  the 
alliance  of  Lovelace  for  his  second 
daughter,  whom  he  gives  to  a  Mr. 
Woodley. 

Three  Writers  (The).  The  Scrip- 
tores  Tres  are  Richardus  Corinensis, 
Gildas  Badonicns,  and  Nennius  Ban- 
chorensis  ;  three  who  wrote  on  The 
Ancient  History  of  the  British  Nation, 
edited,  etc.,  by  Julius  Bertram  (1757). 

%*  The  Five  Writers  or  Scriptores 
Quinque  are  five  English  chronicles  on 
the  early  history  of  England,  edited  by 
Thomas  Gale  (1691).  The  names  of  these 
chroniclers  are:  William  of  Malmesbury, 
Henry  of  Huntingdon,  Roger  Hoveden, 
Ethelwerd,  and  Ingulphns  of  Croyland. 

The  Ten  Writers  or  Scriptores  Decern 
are  the  authors  of  ten  ancient  chronicles 
on  English  history,  compiled  and  edited 
by  Roger  Twysden  and  John  Selden 
(1652).  The  collection  contains  the 
chronicles  of  Simeon  of  Durham.  .John 
of  Hexham.  Richard  of  Hexham,  Ailred 
of  Rieval,  Ralph  de  Diceto,  .John  Bromp- 
ton,  Gervase  of  Canterbury,  Thomas 
Stubbs,  William  Thorn,  and  Henry 
Knighton.     (See  Six  CHRONICLES.) 

Thresher  (Captain),  the  feigned 
leader  of  a  body  of  lawless  Irishmen, 
who  attacked,  in  1806,  the  collectors  of 
tithes  and  their  subordinates. 

Captain  Right  was  a  leader  of  th» 
rebellious  peasantry  in  the  south  of  Ire 
land  in  the  eighteenth  century. 

Captain  Rock  was  the  assnmed  nam 
of  a  leader  of  Irish  insurgents  in  182?. 

Throgmorton    Street    (Lond  a). 


THRUMMY-CAP. 


1002 


THUNDER. 


So  named  from  sir  Nicholas  Throcmor- 
ton,  banker  (1513-1571). 

(Sir  Nicholas  took  part  in  Wyatt's 
rebellion.) 

Thrummy-Cap,  a  sprito  which 
figures  in  the  fairy  tales  of  Northum- 
berland. He  was  a  "  queer-looking  little 
auld  man,"  whose  scene  of  exploits 
generally  lay  in  the  vaults  and  cellars  of 
old  castles.  John  Skelton,  in  his  Colyn 
Clout,  calls  him  Tom-a-Thrum,  and  says 
that  the  clergy  could  neither  write  nor 
read,  and  were  no  wiser  than  this  cellar 
ipritc. 

Thrush  (Song  of  the). 

White  hat,  white  bat ; 
Cherry  do,  cherry  do  ; 
Pretty  Joe,  pretty  Joe. 

The  Storm  Thrush,  calling  for  rain, 
says: 

Bill  Peters,  Bill  Peters, 

Bill  Peters,  Bill  Petera, 

Kiss  me  quirk. 

Thu'le  (2  syl.),  the  most  remote 
northern  portion  of  the  world  known  to 
the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans ;  but 
whether  an  island  or  part  of  a  continent 
nobody  knows.  It  is  tirst  mentioned  by 
Pytheas,  the  Greek  navigator,  who  says 
it  is  "six  days' sail  from  Britain,"  and 
that  its  climate  is  a  "  mixture  of  earth, 
air,  and  sea."  Ptolemy,  with  more  ex- 
actitude, tells  us  that  the  63°  of  north 
latitude  runs  through  the  middle  of 
Thulu,  and  adds  that  "the  days  there 
arc  at  the  equinoxes  [sic]  twenty-four 
hours  long."  This,  of  course,  is  a  blunder, 
but  the  latitude  would  do  roughly  for 
Iceland. 

(No  place  has  a  day  of  twenty-four 
hours  long  at  either  equinox  ;  but  any- 
where beyond  either  polar  circle  the  day 
is  twenty-four  hours  long  at  one  of  the 
solstices.) 

Thu'le  (2  syl.).  Antonius  Diogenes, 
a  Greek,  wrote  a  romance  on  "  The  In- 
credible Things  beyond  ThulO  "  (Ta 
huper  Tlwulen  Apista),  which  has  fur- 
nished the  basis  of  many  subsequent 
tales.  The  work  is  not  extant,  but 
Photius  gives  an  outline  of  its  contents 
in  his  Bibliotheca. 

Thumb  (Tom),  a  dwarf  no  bigger 
than  a  man's  thumb.  He  lived  in  the 
reiL'n  of  king  Arthur,  by  whom  he  was 
knighted.  He  was  the  son  of  a  common 
ploughman,  and  was  killed  by  the  poi- 
sonous breath  of  a  spider  in  the  reign  of 
Thunstonc,  the  successor  of  king  Arthur. 

Amongst  his  adventures  may  be  men- 


tioned the  following : — He  was  lying  one 
day  asleep  in  a  meadow,  when  a  cow 
swallowed  him  as  she  cropped  the  grass. 
At  another  time,  he  rode  in  the  ear  of  a 
horse.  He  crept  up  the  sleeve  of  a  giant, 
and  so  tickled  him  that  he  shook  his 
sleeve,  and  Tom,  falling  into  the  sea, 
was  swallowed  by  a  fish.  The  fish  being 
caught  and  carried  to  the  palace,  gave 
the  little  man  his  introduction  to  the 
king. 

%*  The  oldest  version  extant  of  ihii 
nursery  tale  is  in  rhyme,  and  bears  th« 
following  title: — Tom  Thumb,  His  Life 
and  Death  ;  wherein  is  declared  many  mar- 
vailous  acts  of  manhood,  full  of  wondet 
and  stranqe  merriments.  Which  little 
knight  liveel  in  king  Arthur's  time,  and  was 
famous  in  the  court  of  Great  Brittaine. 
London  :  printed  for  John  Wright,  1630 
(Bodleian  Library).     It  begins  thus  : 

In  Arthur's  court  Tom  Thuiube  did  hue— 

A  man  of  mickle  might. 
The  best  of  all  the  Table  Round, 

A  ml  eke  a  doughty  knlgbt. 
His  stature  but  an  Inch  in  height. 

Or  i|uarter  of  a  span ; 
Tl»  ii  thinke  you  not  tills  little  knight 

Was  prou'd  a  valiant  man  f 

N.B. — "Great  Britain"  was  not  a 
recognized  term  till  1701  (queen  Anne), 
when  the  two  parliaments  of  Scotland 
and  England  were  united.  Before  that 
time,  England  was  called  "South Britain," 
Scotland  "  North  Britain,"  and  Brittanv 
"  Little  Britain."  The  date  1630  would 
carry  us  back  to  the  reign  of  Charles  I. 

Fielding,  in  1730,  wrote  a  burlesque 
opera  called  Tom  Thumb,  which  was 
altered  in  1778  by  Kane  O'Hara.  Dr. 
Arne  wrote  the  music  to  it,  and  his 
11  daughter  (afterwards  Mrs.  Cibbcr),  then 
only  14,  acted  the  part  of  '  Tom  Thumb ' 
at  the  Haymarket  Theatre." — T.  Davies, 
Life  of  Garrick. 

%*  Here  again  the  dates  do  not  correctly 
fit  in.  Mrs.  Cibbcr  was  born  1710,  and 
must  have  been  20  when  Fielding  pro- 
duced his  opera  of  lorn  Thumb. 

Thumb  (General  Tom),  a  dwarf  ex- 
hibited in  London  in  1846.  His  real 
name  was  Charles  S.  Stratton.  At  the 
age  of  25,  his  height  was  25  inches,  and 
his  weight  25  lbs.  He  was  born  at  Bridge- 
port, Connecticut,  United  States,  in  1832, 
and  died  in  January,  1879. 

They  rush  by  thousands  to  see  Tom  Thumb  They 
push,  they  fight,  tiny  Kream,  they  faint,  they  cry,  "  Help  1 
ami  •'  Murder  I  "  They  see  my  bills  and  caravan,  but  do 
not  read  them.  Their  eyes  are  on  them,  but  their  sens* 
Is  gone,  .  .  ■  In  one  week  18,000  persons  paid  to  see  Tom 
Thumb,  while  only  BKty  pnid  to  see  my  "  Arlstides."— 
lluydon  thu  artist,  J/A'.  JHary. 

Thunder  prognosticates  evil  accord- 


THUNDER. 


1003 


TIIYESTEAN  REVENGE. 


Ing  to  the  day  of  the  week  on  which  it 
occurs. 

8ondayes  thundre  shoulde  bryngo  tho  deathe  of  learned 
men,  Judges,  and  others;  Mnndayes  thundre,  the  deathe 
of  women  ;  Tuesdayes  thundre.  plentle  of  grairie  ;  UV.Inr,. 
dayes  thundre.  the  deathe  of  harlottes  and  other  blod- 
(hede  ;  Thursdays  thundre,  plentle  of  shepe  and  come  ; 
Fridayes  thundre,  the  slaughter  of  a  great  man  and  other 
horrible  murders;  and  Saturdays!  thundre.  a  generall 
pestilent  plague  and  great  deathe. — L.  Dlgges,  A  Prog- 
nostication Everltutiwj  of  Ryjht  Ooud  Effccle  (1556). 

Thunder  (The  Giant),  a  giant  who  fell 
into  a  river  and  was  killed,  because  Jack 
cut  the  ropes  which  suspended  a  bridge 
which  the  giant  was  about  to  cross. — 
Jack  the  Giant-Killer. 

Thunder  (The  Sons  of).  James  and 
John,  the  sons  of  Zebedee,  were  called 
"  Boaner'ges." — Luke  ix.  54  ;  Mark  iii. 
17. 

Thunder  and  Lightning.  Stephen 
II.  of  Hungary  was  surnamed  Tunnant 
(1100,  1114-1131). 

Thunderbolt  (The).  Ptolemy  king 
of  Macedon,  eldest  son  of  Ptolemy  Sotor 
I.,  was  so  called  from  his  great  impetu- 
osity (b.C.  *,  285-279). 

Handel  was  called  bv  Mozart  "The 
Thunderbolt"  (1684-1759). 

Thunderbolt  of  Italy  (The), 
Gaston  de  Foix,  nephew  of  Louis  XII. 
(1 189-1512). 

ThunderboltofWar(77ic).  Roland 
is  so  called  in  Spanish  ballads. 

Tisaphernes  is  so  called  in  Tasso's  Jeru- 
salem Delivered,  xx.  (1575). 

Thunderer  (The),  the  Times  news- 
paper. This  popular  name  was  first 
given  to  the  journal  in  allusion  to  a 
paragraph  in  one  of  the  articles  con- 
tributed by  captain  Edward  Sterling, 
while  Thomas  Barnes  was  editor. 

We  thundered  forth  tho  other  day  an  article  on  the 
■ubject  of  social  and  political  reform. 

Some  of  the  contemporaries  caught  up 
the  expression,  and  called  the  Tunes  "  The 
Thunderer."  Captain  Sterling  used  to 
Bign  himself  "Vetus"  before  he  was 
placed  on  the  staff  of  the  paper. 

Thundering  Legion  ( The),  the 
twelfth  legion  of  the  Roman  army 
under  Marcus  Aurelitis  acting  against 
the  (juadi,  A.D.  171.  It  was  shut  up  in 
a  defile,  and  reduced  to  great  straits 
for  want  of  water,  when  a  body  of  Chris- 
tians, enrolled  in  the  legion,  prayed  for 
relief.  Not  only  was  rain  Bent,  but  the 
thunder  and  lightning  bo  terrified  the  foe 
that  a  complete  victory  was  obtained,  and 
tut    legion   was    ever  after   called   "The 


Thundering  Legion." — Dion  Cassius,  .So- 
man History,  lxxi.  8  ;  Eusebius,  Ecclesi- 
astical  History,  v.  6. 

The  Theban  legion,  i.e.  the  legion  raised 
in  the  Thebais  of  Egypt,  and  composed 
of  Christian  soldiers  led  by  St.  Maurice, 
was  likewise  called  "  The  Thundering 
Legion." 

The  term  "Thundering  Legion"  existed 
before  either  of  these  two  were  so  called. 

Thunstone  (2  syl.),  the  successor  rf 
king  Arthur,  in  whose  reign  Tom  Thumb 
was  killed  by  a  spider.  —  Turn  Thumb. 

Thu'rio,  a  foolish  rival  of  Valentine 
for  the  love  of  Silvia  daughter  of  the 
duke  of  Milan. — Shakespeare,  T/ie  'Tico 
Gentlemen  of  Verona  (1595). 

Thursday  is  held  unlucky  by  the 
Swedes ;  so  is  it  with  the  Russians, 
especially  in  Esthonia. 

Thursday  (Black).  February  6, 1  86*  1 ,  is 
so  called  in  the  colony  of  Victoria,  from 
a  terrible  bush  fire  which  occurred  on 
that  day. 

Thwacker  (Quartermaster),  in  the 
dragoons.  —  Sir  \V.  Scott,  Redgauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

Thwackum,  in  Fielding's  novel,  The 
Historij  of  2'um  Jones,  a  Foundling  (1749). 

Thyamis,  an  Egyptian  thief,  native 
of  Memphis.  Theagenus  and  ChariclSa 
being  taken  by  him  prisoners,  he  fell  in 
love  with  the  lady,  and  shut  her  up  in  a 
cave  for  fear  of  losing  her.  Being  closely 
beset  by  another  gang  Btronger  than  his 
own,  lie  ran  his  sword  into  the  heart  of 
Chariclea,  that  she  might  go  with  him 
into  the  land  of  shadows,  and  he  1 1 i s  com- 
panion in  tho  future  life. — Heliodorua, 
JEthiopica. 

I.iko  to  tho  BfTpttmn  thief,  at  |>oltit  of  death. 
Kin  trhsl  l  lore. 
Shakatpaan,  FawQtt  .vijte.  act  v.  sc.  l  (lt'.i  n. 

Thyeste'an  Banquet  (in  Latin 
ccena  Thyesta),  a  cannibal  feast.  ThyestSs 

was  given   his  own   two   sons  to   eat  in  ft 

banquet  Berved  up  to  him  by  his  brother 

Atreus  [At.tru  ;  \. 

l'roeno  and  IMiilonuna  served  up  to 
Tereus  (2  syl.)  his  own  son  Itvs. 

*+*  Milton  accents  the  word  on  tho 
Becond  syllable  in  Paradise  Lost, 
but  then  he  calls  Chalybe'an  [Samson 
Agonistes,  138)  •*  Chalyb'ean,"  .F.ge'an 
(Paradise  Lost,  i.  745)  "iE'gean,  and 
Cambuscan'  he  calls  " Cambus  can.*1 

Thyeste'an  Revenge,  blood  for 
blood,  tit  for  tat  of  bloody  vengeance. 


THYMBR/EAN  GOD. 


1004 


TIIIDS. 


1.  Thyestes  seduced  the  wife  of  his 
biother  Atreus  (2  >.'//.),  for  which  lie  was 
banished.  In  his  banishment  he  eanied 
off  his  brother's  son  l'listhcnes,  whom  lie 
brought  up  as  his  own  child.  When  the 
boy  was  grown  to  manhood,  he  sent  him 
to  assassinate  Atreus,  but  Atreus  slew 
TlisthenOs,  not  knowing  him  to  be  his 
son.  The  corresponding  vengeance  was 
this  :    '1  hyestrs  had   ■   son    named    .Kiris- 

thos,  who  was  brought  op  by  king  Atreus 
as  his  own  child.  When  /Egiathoa  was. 
grown  tn  manhood,  the  king  sent  him  to 
assassinate  Thyestea,  but  the  young  man 
slew  Atreus  instead, 

2.  Atreus  slew  his  own  son  Plisthencs, 
thinking  him  to  be  his  brother's  child. 
When  he  found  out  his  mistake,  ho  pre- 
tended to  be  reconciled  to  his  brother, 
and   asked   him   to   a   banipiet.     Thyestes 

weni  to  the  feast,  and  ate  part  of  his  own 

two  sons,  which  had  been  cooked,  and 
were  set  In  fore  him  by  his  brother. 

S.    Thyestea  defiled    the  wife  of  hU 

brother  Atreus,  and  Atreus  married  l'e- 

lopia  tlie.  unwodded  wife  of  lus  brother 
Thyestea,  It  was  the  son  of  this  woman 
by  Thyestea  who  murdered  Atreus  (his 
uncle  and  father-in-law). 

*„*  The  tale  of  Atreus  and  that  of 
(Edipua  arc  the  two  most  lamentable 
Stories  of  historic  fiction,  and  m  some 
points  resemble  each  other:  Thus  Q  .  - 
|ius  married  his  mother,  not  knowing 
who  she  was  ;  Thyeatds  seduced  his 
daughter,  not  knowing  who  she  was. 
(Edipus  slew  his  father,  not  knowing 
who  he  was;  Atreus  slew  his  son,  not 
knowing  who  he  was.  (Kdipus  was 
driven  from  his  throne  by  the  sons  born 
to  him  by  his  own  mother;  Atreus 
[At'.rw  ,  j  was  killed  by  the  natural  son 
of  his  own  wife. 

Thymbrco'an  God  (7V),  Apollo; 

Bo  called  from  a  celebrated  temple  raised 
to  his  honour  on  a  hill  near  the  river 
Thymbrlus. 

The  Thymlinean  god 
With  Man  I  saw  and  I'allas. 

I>:inle\  furyttory,  ill.  (1306) 

Thyrsis,  a  herdsman  introduced  in 
the  Idylls  of  rheocrrtos,  and  in  Virgil's 
Eclogue,  vii.  Any  shepherd  or  rustic  is  so 
called. 

Bald  by,  a  cottage  chimney  smoke* 
Pram  balwlit  two  agM  oak*, 
When  Coiydon  and  Tbyrsia,  met. 
Are  at  their  savoury  dinner 

Milton.  LA  :iegn>  (1638). 

Thyrsus,  a  long  pole  with  nn  orna- 
mental head  or  ivy,  vine  Leaven,  or  a  iir 
cone,    carried    by    Bacchus    and    by    hie 


votaries  at  the  celebration  of  his  rites. 
It     was     emblematic     of     revelry     and 

drunkenness. 

[/  will]  abash  the  frantic  thyrsus  with  my  song. 

Akeniide,  Uymn  to  the  .Vuutis  (1767). 

Tibbs  (Beau),  a  poor,  clever,  dashing 
young  spark,  who  had  the  happy  art  of 
fancying  he  knew  all  the  haut  nu  mlc,  and 
that  all  the  monde  knew  him  ;  that  his 
garret  was  the  choicest  spot  in  London 
for  its  commanding  view  of  the  Thames  ; 
that  his  wife  was  a  lady  of  distinguished 
airs  ;  and  that  his  infant  daughter  would 
marry  a  peer.  He  took  off  his  hat  tc 
every  man  and  woman  of  fashion,  and 
made  out  that  dukes,  lords,  dm 
and  ladies  addressed  him  simply  as  Ned. 
His  hat  was  pinched  up  with  peculiar 
smartness  ;  his  looks  were  pale,  thin,  and 
Sharp  ;  round  his  neck  he  wore  a  broad 
I. lack  ribbon,  and  in  his  bosom  ■ 
pin  ;  his  coat  was  trimmed  with  tar- 
nished lace  ;  and  his  stockings  were  silk. 
Bean  Tibbs  interlarded  his  rapid  talk  with 
fashionable  oaths,  such  as,  "Upon  my 
son! !  egad  !  " 

"  I  was  asked  to  dine  yesterday."  he  says,  "  at  the 
duchess  of  Piccadilly's,  iff  lord  Mudler  was  there. 
'Ned.'  said  he.      . 

where  you  were  poaching   last  iiu-hl  ...  I   I. 
it  will  kanpnMwyoaw  hrtnaV    'Forts**, an  lord?  ftva 
hundred  a  year   ■  i  DO  fur- 

ther.' My  lord  took  me  down  In  lib  chariot  to  Ins 
country  seat  yesterday,  and  we  had  a  Wfe-u  r.  re  itlliw  in 
the  country. "     "  I  fancy  )ou  laid  OS  Just   m.w   jri 

■  b)  town."  "  l>lil  I  so?"  replied 
he  Doolly.  "  To  lie  sure,  egad  t  now  I  do  remember — yes, 
1  had  two  dinners  yesterday." — Letter  liv. 

Mrs.  Tttos,  wife  of  the  bean,  a  slattern 
and  a  coquette,  much  emaciated,  but  with 
the    remains    of    a   good-looking   woman. 

She  made  twenty  apologies  for  being  in 

dishabille  :  but  bad  been  out  all  night  with 
untese.  Then,  turning  to  her  bus- 
hand,  she  added.  "And  his  lordship,  my 
dear,  drank  your  health  in  a  bumper." 
Ned  then  a.-ked  his  wife  if  she  had  given 
orders  for  dinner.  "  You  need  make  no 
gnat  preparation — only  we  three.  My 
lord  cannot  join  us  to-day — something 
small  and  elegant  will  do,  such  as  a  tur- 
bot,  an  ortolan,  a " 

"Or."  said  Mrs.  Tibtw.  "what  do  you  think,  my  dear, 
of  a  nice  hit  of  •xilo-ik.  draasad  with  a  little  of  my  own 
satire?"  "  The  ut;  thing,"  ha  n  plies ;  "  it  will  eat  well 
with  a  little  lieer.  His  grace  was  rery  fond  of  It.  and  1 
.  hate  the  vulgarity  I  of  dishes."     1 

of  the  world    now  thought  It  time   to  decaaan,   ami  took 

.   lom  that  dlni 
certainly  be  quite  ready  in  two  or  three  hours.— Let'er  1? 

Mr*,      nbos*!    lady's  maid,   a    vulgar, 

brawny     Scotchwoman.       "  When 
lady?"  saiil    Tibbs,  when  he  brought  tc 

■  Uency  tne  ami 

of  China.  "She's  a-waahing  your  twa 
shirts  at  the  next  door,  becaure  they  won't 


TIBERT. 


1005 


TIDE-WAITERS. 


lend  us  the  tub  anv  longer." — Goldsmith, 
A  Citizen  of  the  World  (1759). 

Tibert  (Sir),  the  name  of  the  cat,  in 
the  beast-epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Tibet  Talkapace,  a  prating  hand- 
maid of  Custance  the  gay  and  rich  widow 
vainly  sought  by  Ralph  Roister  Doister. 
— Nicholas  Udall,  Ralph  Roister  Doister 
(first  English  comedy,  1534). 

The  metre  runs  thus  : 

I  hearde  our  nourse  speake  of  an  husbande  to-day 
Ready  for  our  mistresse,  a  rich  man  and  gay : 
Anil  we  shall  go  in  our  French  hoodes  every  day  .  .  . 
Then  shall  ye  see  Tibet,  sires,  treade  the  inosse  so  trimme . . . 
Not  lumperdce,  clumperdee,  like  our  Spaniel  Rig. 

Tibs  (Mr.),  a  most  "useful  hand." 
He  will  write  j'ou  a  receipt  for  the  bite 
of  a  mad  dog,  tell  you  an  Eastern  tale  to 
perfection,  and  understands  the  business 
part  of  an  author  so  well  that  no  publisher 
can  humbug  him.  You  may  know  him 
by  his  peculiar  clumsiness  of  figure,  and 
the  coarseness  of  his  coat ;  but  he  never 
forgets  to  inform  you  that  his  clothes  are 
all  paid  for.  (See  Tibbs.) — Goldsmith, 
A  Citizen  of  the  World,  xxix.  (1759). 

Tibs's  Eve  (St.),  never.  St.  Tibs  is 
a  corruption  of  St.  Ubes.  There  is  no  such 
saint  in  the  calendar  ;  and  therefore  St. 
Tibs's  Eve  falls  neither  before  nor  after 
New  Year's  Day. 

Similar  phrases  are:  "The  Latter 
Lammas,"  the  "  Greek  Kalends,"  the 
"  week  of  two  Thursdays,"  when  "  Shrove 
Tuesday  falls  on  Wednesday,"  "  once  in 
a  blue  moon,"  "in  the  reign  of  queen 
Dick,"  "when  two  Sundays  meet,"  etc. 

Tibullus  (The  French),  the  chevalier 
Evariste  de  Parny  (1742-1814). 

Tiburce  (2  or  3  syl.),  brother  of 
Valirian,  converted  by  St.  Cecile,  his 
sister-in-law,  and  baptized  by  pope  Urban. 
Being  brought  before  the  prefect  Alma- 
chius,  and  commanded  to  worship  the 
image  of  Jupiter,  he  refused  to  do  so,  and 
*vas  decapitated. — Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Tales  ("  Second  Nun's  Tale,"  1388). 

*#*  When  Tiburce  is  followed  by  a 
Towel  it  is  made  2  syl.,  when  by  a  con- 
Bonant  it  is  3  syl.,  as  : 

And  after  this,  Tiburce  in  good  entente  (2  syl.). 

With  Valirian  to  pope  Urban  went. 

At  this  thing  sche  unto  Tiburce  tolde  (3  syl.). 

Chaucer. 

Tibur'zio,  commander  of  the  Pisans 
in  their  attack  upon  Florence,  in  the 
fifteenth  century.  The  Pisans  were 
thoroughly  beaten  by  the  Florentines, 
led  by  Lu'ria  a  Moor,  and  Tiburzio  was 
taken  captive.     Tiburzio  tells  Luria  that 


the  men  of  Florence  will  cast  him  off  aft* i 
peace  is  established,  and  advises  him  to 
join  Pisa.  This  Luria  is  far  too  noble  t-3 
do,  but  he  grants  Tiburzio  his  liberty. 
Tiburzio,  being  examined  by  the  council 
of  Florence,  under  the  hope  of  finding 
some  cause  of  censure  against  the  Moor, 
to  lessen  or  cancel  their  obligation  to  him, 
"testifies  to  his  unflinching  probity," 
and  the  council  could  find  no  cause"  of 
blame ;  but  Luria,  by  poison,  relieves 
the  ungrateful  state  of  its  obligation  to 
him. — Robert  Browning,  Luria. 

TicLborne  Dole  (The).  When  lady 
Mabella  was  dying,  she  requested  her  hus- 
band to  grant  her  the  means  of  leaving 
a  charitable  bequest.  It  was  to  be  a  dole 
of  bread,  to  be  distributed  annually  on  Die 
Feast  of  the  Annunciation,  to  any  who 
chose  to  apply  for  it.  Sir  Roger,  her 
husband,  said  he  would  give  her  as  much 
land  as  she  could  walk  over  while  a  billet 
of  wood  remained  burning.  The  old  lady 
was  taken  into  the  park,  and  managed  to 
crawl  over  twenty-three  acres  of  land, 
which  was  accordingly  set  apart,  and  is 
called  "The  Crawls"  to  thishour.  When 
the  lady  Mabella  was  taken  back  to  her 
chamber,  she  said,  "  So  long  as  this  dol« 
is  continued,  the  family  of  Tichborne 
shall  prosper;  but  immediately  it  is  dis- 
continued, the  house  shall  fall,"  from  the 
failure  of  an  heir  male.  This,"  she  added, 
"will  be  when  a  family  of  seven  sons  is 
succeeded  by  one  of  seven  daughters." 
The  custom  began  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
II.,  and  continued  till  1796,  when,  sin- 
gularly enough,  the  baron  had  seven  sons 
and  his  successor  seven  daughters,  and 
Mr.  Edward  Tichborne,  who  inherited  the 
Doughty  estates,  dropping  the  original 
name,  called  himself  sir  Edward  Doughty. 

Tiekell  (Mark),  a  useful  friend, 
especially  to  Elsie  Lovell.  —  Wybert 
Reeve,  Parted. 

Tickler  (Timothy),  an  ideal  portrait  of 
Robert  Sym,  a  lawyer  of  Edinburgh 
(1750-1844). — Wilson,  Nodes  Ambrosiana 
(1822-36). 

Tiddler.  (See  Tom  Tiddlers 
Gkuund.) 

Tiddy-Doll,  a  nickname  given  to 
Richard  Grenville  lord  Temple  (1711- 
1770). 

Tide-Waiters  (Ecclesiastical).  So 
the  Rev.  lord  Osborne  (S.  G.  0.)  calls 
the  clergy  in  convocation  whose  Votes  do 
not  correspond  with  their  real  opinions. 


TIDER. 


1006 


TIMES. 


Tider  [Robin),  one  of  the  servants  of 
the  earl  of  Leicester. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Keniluorth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Tiffany,  Miss  Alscrip's  lady's-maid; 

B;rt,  silly,  bold,  and  a  coquette. — General 
urgoyne,  The  Heiress  (1781). 

Tigg  (Montague),  a  clever  impostor, 
who  lives  by  his  wits.  He  starts  a 
bubble  insurance  office  —  "the  Anglo- 
Bengalee  Company  " — and  makes  con- 
siderable pain  thereby.  Having  dis- 
covered the  attempt  of  Jonas  Chuzzlewit 
to  murder  his  father,  he  compels  him  to 
put  his  money  in  the  "new  company," 
but  Jonas  finds  means  to  murder  him. — 
C.  Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (18-14). 

Tiglath  -  Pile'ser,  son  of  Pul, 
second  of  the  sixth  dynasty  of  the  new 
Assyrian  empire.  The  word  is  Tiglath 
Tui  Assur,  "  the  great  tiger  of  Assyria." 

Tigra'nes  (3  s;/l.),  one  of  the  heroes 
slain  by  the  impetuous  Dudon  soon  after 
the  arrival  of  the  Christian  army  before 
Jerusalem. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered, 
iii.  (1575). 

Tijrn'ncs  (3  syl.),  king  of  Arme'nia. 
— Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  King  or  Ao 
King  (101!)). 

Tigress  Nurse  (.-4).  Tasso  says 
that  Clorinda  was  suckled  by  a  tigress. 
— Jerusalem  Delivered,  xii. 

Roman  story  says  Romulus  and  Remus 
were  suckled  by  a  she-wolf. 

Orson,  the  brother  of  Valentine,  was 
suckled  by  a  she-bear,  and  was  brought 
up  by  an  eagle. —  Valentine  and  Orson. 

Tilburi'na,  the  daughter  of  the 
governor  of  Tilbury  Fort;  in  love  with 
Whiskerandos.  Her  love-ravings  are  the 
crest  unto  the  crest  of  burlesque  tragedy 
(see  act  ii.  1). — Sheridan,  The  Critic 
(1779). 

"  An  oyster  may  be  crossed  In  lore,"  Bays  the  gentle 
Tilburina.— Sir  W.  Scott 

Tilbury  Fort  {The  governor  of), 
father  of  Tilburina ;  a  plain,  matter-of- 
fact  man,  with  a  gushing,  romantic,  and 
love-struck  daughter.  In  Mr.  Puff's 
tragedv  The  Spanish  Armada. — Sheridan, 
The  Critic  (177!i). 

Tim  Syllabub,  a  droll  creature, 
equally  good  at  a  rebus,  a  riddle,  a 
bawdy  song,  or  a  tabernacle  hymn.  You 
may  easily  recognize  him  by  his  shabby 
finery,  his  frizzled  hair,  his  dirty  shirt, 
and  his  half-genteel,  but  more  than 
half-shabby  dress. — Goldsmith,  A  Citizen 
vf  the  World,  xxix.  (1759). 


Times  (The),  a  newspaper  founded 
by  John  Walter,  in  1785.  It  was  first 
called  Tlie  London  Daily  Universal  Register; 
in  1788  the  words  Tfie  Times  or  .  .  .  were 
added.  This  long  title  was  never  tolerated 
by  the  public,  which  always  spoke  of 
the  journal  as  The  Register,  till  the 
original  title  was  suppressed,  and  tne 
present  title,  Ihe  Times,  remained.  In 
1803  John  Walter,  son  of  the  founder, 
became  manager,  and  greatly  improved 
the  character  of  the  paper,  and  in  1814 
introduced  a  steam  press.  He  died  in 
1847,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  J<  hn 
Walter  III.  In  the  editorial  department, 
John  (afterwards  "sir  John")  Stoddart 
(nicknamed  "Dr.  Slop"),  who  began  to 
write  political  articles  in  The  Tiirus  in 
1810,  was  appointed  editor  in  1812,  but 
in  1816  was  dismissed  for  his  rabid 
hatred  of  Napoleon.  He  tried  to  estab- 
lish an  opposition  journal,  The  A 
Times,  which  proved  an  utter  failure. 
Sir  John  Stoddart  was  succeeded  by  John 
Stebbing  ;  then  followed  Thomas  Barnes 
("Mr.  T.  Bounce"),  who  remained  editor 
till  his  death,  in  1811.  W.  V.  A.  Delane 
came  next,  and  continued  till  1858,  when 
his  son,  John  Thaddeus  Delane,  succeeded 
him.  The  following  gentlemen  were 
connected  with  this  paper  between  1870 
and  1880:— 

An  Kast  End  Incumbent,  Mr.  Kowsell.  a  volunteer 
correspondent. 

A.v.lii  A.M'S,  Arthur  P.  Stanley,  dean  of  Westminster, 
a  volunteer  correspondent. 

C,  Dr.  Cuniniing,  who  often  dates  from  Dunrobin. 

C.  E.  T.,  Sir  Charlea  E.  Trevclyan,  a  volunteer  corres- 
pondent. 

Church  Matters,  the  Rev.  Henry  Wace,  preacher  at 
Lincoln')  Inn. 

Citv  Article,  M.  B.  Sampson. 

Colleagues  to  Correspondents.  Dr.  Charles  Austin, 
with  Messrs.  Dallas,  Broome,  and  Kelly. 

Correspondents  in  every  chief  town  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  and  in  all  the  must  imp.. rtml  foreign  countries. 

CRITIC,  fine  ArU.  Tom  Taylor;  Dramatic.  John 
Oxenford  (died  1876) ;  Musical,  T.  J.  Davidson. 

EDITOR,  John  Thaddeus  Delane,  who  succeeded  his 
father.  Assistant,  Mr.  Stebbings,  who  succeeded  G.  W. 
Dasent  I"  The  Hardy  Norseman  "). 

H.,  Vernon  Harcourt,  M.P.,  a  rolunteer  correspon- 
dent. 

Hertfordshire  Incumbent,  Canon  Blakesley,  dean 
of  Lincoln. 

Historici'8,  Vernon  Harcourt,  M.P.,  who  also  wrote 
slashing  articles  in  the  Saturday  H«viev. 

Irish  Correspondent,  Dr.  G.  V.  Patten,  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  Dublin  Daily  Krpreu. 

Irish  Matters.  O'Conor  Morris. 

J.  C,  Dr.  Cumming  (see  C),  a  volunteer  correspondent. 

Leaders.  Leonard  H.  Cotirteney,  Dr.  Gallenga,  Mr. 
Knox,  Robert  Lowe,  Canon  Moseley,  Lawrence  Oliih.in;. 

Manager  of  Office,  Mowbray  Morris. 

Manages  of  Printing  a>d  Machinery,  Mr. 
Macdonald. 

Mercator,  lord  Overstone,  >  rolunteer  correspondent 

Military  Affairs,  captain  Homier. 

Religious  Matters,  the  Rev.  Henry  Wace,  preacher 
at  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Rbpobtkrs,  about  sixteen. 

Bl  vsv.MhDK,  Benjamin  Disraeli,  afterwards  earl  ot 
Beacon -tit-i-l.  a  rolunteer  corre>i>oiKlonL 

Sexex,  UroU-  (died  1371).  a  volunteer  correspondent. 


TIMIAS. 


1007 


TINACRIO. 


8.  O.  O..  the  Kev.  lonl  Sidney  Godolpliin  Osborno,  a 
olunteer  corres|Kindeut. 

SPKCtAL  CiiRKEsimindENT,  Dr.  W.  Howard  Russell, 
famous  for  his  letters  from  the  Crimea,  in  1854;  from 
India,  in  lsr>7  ;  from  America,  in  1861;  from  Bohemia, 
in  1HB6;  from  France,  on  the  Franco-Prussian  war.  in 
1870-71 ;  etc.  Occasionally,  captain  Hozier  lias  acted  as 
■'Our  own  Correspondent.* 

VBTD8,  capt.  Kdw.  Sterling,  a  volunteer  correspondent. 

Viator,  John  Alexander  Kinglnkc,  a  volunteer  corres- 
pondent. 

•»•  rapiT  Is  supplied  from  the  Taverham  Mills;  ink 
l.v  Messrs.  Fleming  and  Co.,  l.eith.  and  by  Messrs.  Black- 
well  and  Co.,  London  ;  Daily  Ittue.  between  70,000  and 
B0,000,  which  can  lie  thrown  from  the  press  in  two  hours  ; 
Working  Staff,  350  hands. 

Called  "  The  Thunderer"  from  an  article 
'contributed  by  captain  E.  Sterling,  be- 
ginning :  "  "We  thundered  forth  the  other 
day  an  article  on  the  subject  of  social 
and  political  reform  ;"  and  "The  Turn- 
about," because  its  politics  jump  with  the 
times,  and  are  not  fossilized  whig  or  tory. 

Tim'ias,  king  Arthur's  'squire.  lie 
went  after  the  "wicked  foster,"  from 
whom  Florimel  fled,  and  the  "foster" 
with  his  two  brothers,  falling  on  him,  were 
all  slain.  Timias,  overcome  by  fatigue, 
now  fell  from  his  horse  in  a  swoon,  and 
Belpheebe  the  huntress,  happening  to  see 
him  fall,  ran  to  his  succour,  applied  an 
ointment  to  his  wounds,  and  bound  them 
with  her  scarf.  The 'squire,  opening  his 
eyes,  exclaimed,  "Angel  or  goddess  ;  do 
I  call  thee  right?"  "Neither,"  replied 
the  maid,  "  but  only  a  wood-nymph." 
Then  was  he  set  upon  his  horse  and  taken 
to  IJelphoebe's  pavilion,  where  he  soon 
"  recovered  from  his  wounds,  but  lost  his 
heart"  (bk.  iii.  G).  In  bk.  iv.  7  Bel- 
phcebS  subsequently  found  Timias  in 
dalliance  with  Amoret,  and  said  to  him, 
"  Is  this  thy  faith  ?"  She  said  no  more, 
"  but  turned  her  face  and  fled."  This  is 
an  allusion  to  sir  Walter  Raleigh's  amour 
with  Elizabeth  Throgmorton  (Amoret), 
one  of  the  queen's  maids  of  honour, 
which  drew  upon  sir  Walter  (Timias)  (he 
passionate  displeasure  of  his  royal  mis- 
tress (Belphalje  or  queen  Elizabeth). — 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  (1590). 

Timms  (Corporal),  a  non-com- 
missioned officer  in  Waverlcy's  regi- 
ment.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverl'ey  (time, 
George  II.). 

TimoTeon,  the  Corinthian.  lie 
hated  tyranny,  and  slew  his  own  brother, 
whom  he  dearly  loved,  because  he  tried 
to  make  himself  absolute  in  Corinth. 
"  Timophanes  he  loved,  but  freedom 
more." 

Tho  fair  Corinthian  box«t 
Tlmoloin.  nappy  temper,  mild  and  firm. 
Who  wept  the  brother  while  the  grant  bled. 

Thomson,  Tim  Sviuoni  ("  Winter,"  17'JG). 


Timon  the  Man-hater,  an  Athenian 
who  lived  in  the  time  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesian  war.  Shakespeare  has  a  drama 
so  called  (1009).  The  drama  begins 
with  the  joyous  life  <»f  Timon,  and  his 
hospitable  extravagance  ;  then  launches 
into  his  pecuniary  embarrassment,  and  the 
discovery  that  his  "professed  friends" 
will  not  help  him  ;  and  ends  with  his 
flight  into  the  woods,  his  misanthropy, 
and  his  death. 

When  he  [Horace  ValpoU]  talked  misanthropy,  ha 
out -Tiinoncd  Timon. — Macaulay. 

***  On  one  occasion,  Timon  said,  "  I 
have  a  fig  tree  in  my  garden  which  I 
once  intended  to  cut  down  ;  but  I  shall 
let  it  stand,  that  any  one  who  likes  may 
go  and  hang  himself  on  it." 

Timon's  Banquet,  nothing  but 
cover  and  warm  water.  Being  shunned 
by  his  friends  in  adversity,  he  pretended 
to  have  recovered  his  money,  and  invited 
his  false  friends  to  a  banquet.  The  table 
was  laden  with  covers,  but  when  the 
contents  were  exposed,  nothing  was  pro- 
vided b<it  lukewarm  water.  (See  Sen.*. 
cabac,  ,p.  875.) — Shakespeare,  Timon  of 
At ht as,  act  iii.  sc.  6  (1G09). 

Timoth'eos,  a  musician,  who  charged 
diiul.lt'  lV»\s  to  :ill  pupils  wlm  had  learned 
music  before. — Quintilian,  De  Institutions 
Uraturia,  ii.  3. 

Ponocratee  made  him  forget  all  that  he  [Oargantud] 
had  learned  under  other  masters,  as  Tlmdtbfiui  did  to 
his  disciplxs  who  had  been  taught  music  by  others.— 
Rabelais,  (iar^antua,  i.  23  (1533). 

Timotheus.  placed  on  high 
Amid  the  tuneful  quire, 
With  Hying  fingers  touched  the  lyre. 

Dryden,  Alexiinder'i  feast  (1647), 

Timothy  (Old),  ostler  at  John  Mengs's 
inn  at  Kirchhotf. — Sir  W.  Scott,  An  . 
Oeicrstein  (litre,  Edward  IV.). 

Timothy  Quaint,  the  whimsical 
but  faithful  steward  of  governor  Heartal] ; 

blunt,  self-willed,  but  loving  his  master 
above  all  thing"!,  and  true  to  his  interests. 
— Cherry,  The  Soldier's  Daughter  (1 

Ti'murkan  the  Tartar,  and  conqueror 
of  China.  After  a  usurpation  of  twenty 
years,  he  was  slain  in  a  rifling  of  the  people 
by  Zaphimri  "the  orphan  of  China." 

My  mind's  employed  on  other  arts  : 
To  slim;  the  well  stored  quiver 

Over  this  aim,  and  ring,  the  darts 

At  the  Brat  r.  Index  nreeflna;  Iowa  the  vala. 

or  ii|.  the  mountain  straining  erory  nerve ; 

i.i  lull  the  neighing  atoed,  aad  nr;c  his  course, 

Swifter  that  whirlwind-,  tnro-igli  the  ranks  of  war  f 

this  my  iii,  sc4«*«ea. 

Raised  from  ■  oldli  r  to  imperial  sway, 

I  Still  Will  reign  il.  trrr   r. 

tfu-pciy,  T/>«  ar,h»  «/  C*i»a-  *•  V. 

Tinacrio     "L'te    Sage.''    U\b~    u 


TINCLARIAN  DOCTOR. 


1008 


TIPPINS. 


Micomico'na  queen  of  Micom'icon,  and 
husband  of  queen  Zaramilla.  He  foretold 
that  after  his  death  his  daughter  would 
be  dethroned  by  the  giant  Pandafilando, 
but  that  in  Spain  she  would  find  a  cham- 
pion in  don  Quixote  who  would  restore 
her  to  the  throne.  This  adventure 
conies  to  nothing,  as  don  Quixote  is 
taken  home  in  a  cage  without  entering 
upon  it. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv. 
8  (1605). 

Tinclarian  Doctor  (The  Great), 
William  Mitchell,  a  whitesmith  and  tin- 
plate  worker  of  Edinburgh,  who  pub- 
lished Tinkler's  Testament,  dedicated  to 
queen  Anne,  and  other  similar  works. 

The  reason  why  I  call  myself  the  Tinclarian  doctor  is 
became  I  am  a  tinklar.  and  cures  old  pans  and  lantruns. 
— Jnlrodtiction  to  Tinkler  $  TettameiU. 

***  Uniformity  of  spelling  must  not 
be  looked  for  in  the  "doctor's"  book. 
We  have  "  Tinklar,"  "  Tinkler,"  and 
"  Tinclar-ian." 

Tinderbox  (Miss  Jenn;/),  a  lady 
with  a  moderate  fortune,  who  once  had 
some  pretensions  to  beauty.  Her  elder 
Bister  happened  to  marry  a  man  of 
quality,  and  Jenny  ever  after  resolved 
not  to  disgrace  herself  by  marrying  a 
tradesman.  Having  rejected  many  of 
her  equals,  she  became  at  last  the  go- 
verness of  her  sister's  children,  and  had 
to  undergo  the  drudgery  of  three  ser- 
vants without  receiving  the  wages  of 
one. — Goldsmith,  A  Citizen  of  the  World, 
xxviii.  (1759). 

Tinker  (The  Immortal  or  The  In- 
spired), John  Bunyan  (1628-1688). 

Elihu  Burritt,  United  States,  is  called 
"The  Learned  Blacksmith"  (1811-1879). 

Tinsel  (Lord),  a  type  of  that  worst 
(specimen  of  aristocracy,  which  ignores 
all  merit  but  blue  blood,  and  would  rather 
patronize  a  horse-jockey  than  a  curate, 
scholar,  or  poor  gentleman.  He  would 
subscribe  six  guineas  to  the  concerts  of 
signor  Cantata,  because  lady  Dangle 
patronized  him,  but  not  one  penny  to 
"  languages,  arts,  and  sciences,"  as  such. 
— S.  Knowles,  The  Hunchback  (1831). 

Tintag'el  or  Tintagil,  a  strong  and 
niamutieect  castle  on  the  coast  of  Corn- 
wall, said  to  have  been  the  work  of  two 
eiant*.     It  was   the   birthpl.ice   of   king 
Arthur,  and  subsequently  the  royal  resi- 
dence  of    kinj^    Mark.     Dunlop    asserts 
that,  vestiges  of  the  castle  still  exist. 
They  (ound  a  naked  child  upon  the  sand* 
Of  dark  Tintagil  hy  the  Cornish  sea. 
And  that  was  Arthur. 

Tennyson.  Guinctert  (1SS8). 


Tin  to  (Dick),  a  poor  artist,  son  of 
a  tailor  in  the  village  of  Langdirdum. 
He  is  introduced  as  a  lad  in  the  Bridt 
of  Lammermoor,  i.  This  was  in  the 
reign  of  William  III.  He  is  again 
introduced  in  St.  Eonan's  Well,  i., 
as  touching  up  the  signboard  of  Meg 
Dods,  in  the  reign  of  George  III.  As 
William  III.  died  in  1702,  and  George 
III.  began  to  reign  in  1760,  Master  Dick 
must  have  been  a  patriarch  when  he 
worked  for  Mrs.  Dods. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Bride  of  Lammermoor  (1819) ;  St.  Eonan's 
Well  (1823). 

Meg  Dods  agreed  with  the  celebrated  Dick  Tlnto  to 
repaint  her  father's  sign,  which  had  become  rather 
undecipherable.  Dick  accordingly  gilded  the  bishop's 
crook,  and  augmented  the  horrors  of  the  devil's  aspect, 
until  it  became  a  terror  to  all  the  younger  fry  of  the 
school-house. — St  Ronan'i  WcU,  1. 

Tintoretto,  the  historical  painter, 
whose  real  name  was  Jacopo  Robusti. 
He  was  called  II  Furioso  from  the  ex- 
treme rapidity  with  which  he  painted 
(1512-1594). 

Tintoretto  of  England  (Tlie). 
W.  Dobson  was  called  "  The  Tintoret  of 
England"  by  Charles  I.  (1610-1646). 

Tintoretto  of  Switzerland  (The), 
John  Iluber  (eighteenth  century). 

Tiphany,  the  mother  of  the  three 
kin^s  of  Cologne.  The  word  is  mani- 
festly a  corruption  of  St.  Epiphany,  as 
Tibs  is  of  St.  Ubes,  Taudry  of  St. 
Audry,  Tooley  [Street]  of  St.  Olaf, 
Teldcr  of  St.  Ethelred,  and  so  on. 

Scores  of  the  saints  have  similarly 
manufactured  names. 


or    the    Argonauts  ; 


Ti'phys,    pilot 
hence  any  pilot. 

Many  a  Tiphys  ocean's  depths  explore. 
To  open  wondrous  ways  untried  before. 

Ariosto,  Orlando  furioto,  viiL  (Hoole). 

%*  Another  name  for  a  pilot  or  guid- 
ing power  is  Palinurus  ;  so  called  from 
the  steersman  of  /Eneas. 

E  en  Palinurus  nodded  at  the  helm. 

Pope,  The  Dunciad,  iv.  614  (1742). 

Tippins  (Lady),  an  old  lady  "  with 
an  immense  obtuse,  drab,  oblong  face, 
like  a  face  in  a  tablespoon  ;  and  a  dyed 
'  long  walk '  up  the  top  of  her  head,  as 
a  convenient  public  approach  to  the 
bunch  of  false  hair  behind."  She  delighte 
"  to  patronize  Mrs.  Veneering,"  and  Mrs. 
Veneering  is  delighted  to  be  patronized 
by  her  ladyship. 

Lady  Tippins  is  always  attended  hy  a  lover  or  two.  and 
she  keeps  a  little  list  of  her  lovers,  and  is  always  booking 
a  new  lover  or  striking  out  an  old  lover,  or  putting  a 
lover  in  her  black  list,  or  promoting  a  lover  to  bar  blue 


TIPPLE. 


1009 


TISAPIIKRXES. 


Bit.  or  adding  up  her  lom,  or  otherwise  posting  her 
hoik,  which  she  calls  her  Cupldon. — C.  Dickens,  Our 
Mutual  ft-fenrf,  1L  (ISW). 

Tipple,  in  Dudley's  Flitch  of  Bacon, 
first  introduced  John  Edwin  into  notice 
(17.r>o-17'.Mi). 

Bdwin's  "Tipple,"  i"  the  flitch  of  Bacon,  was  an 
exquisite  treat.— Boaden. 

Tippoo  Saib  {Prince),  son  of  Hyder 

Ali  nawaub  of  Mysore. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Surgeon's  Daughter  (time,  Geor  c 
II.). 

Tips  or  "  Examination  Crams."  Re- 
eognized  stock  pieces  of  what  is  called 
"book  work"  in  university  examina- 
tions are:  Fernat's  theorem  ;  the  "  Ludus 
Trojanus"  in  Virgil's  JEneid  (bk.  vi.) ; 
Agnesi's  "Witch;"  the  "Cissoid"  of 
Diodes;  and  the  famous  fragment  of 
Solon,  generally  said  to  he  by  Euripidee. 

In  law  examinations  the  stock  pieces 
are  the  Justinian  of  Sandars  ;  the  Digest 
of  Evidence  of  sir  James  Stephen  ;  and 
the  Ancient  Law  of  sir  Henry  Maine. 

The  following  are  recognized  primers  : 
—Mill's  Logic;  Spencer's  First  Prin- 
ciples; Maine's  Ancient  Lava;  Lessing's 
Laocoon  ;  Uiiier  and  Preller's  Fragmenta  ; 
Wheaton's  International  Law. 

Tip-tilted.  Tennyson  says  that 
Lvnettc  had  "her  slender  nose  tip-tilted 
like  the  petals  of  a  flower."— Tennyson, 
Gareth  and  Lynettc  (1858). 

Tiptoe,  footman  to  Random  and 
Scruple.  He  had  seen  better  days,  but, 
being  found  out  in  certain  dishonesl  trans- 
actions, had  lost  grade,  and  "  Tiptoe, 
who  once  stood  above  the  world,''  came 
into  a  position  in  which  "all  the  world 
6tood  on  Tiptoe."  He  was  a  shrewd, 
lazy,  knowing  rascal,  better  adapted  to 
dubious  adventure,  but  always  sighing 
for  a  snug  berth  in  some  wealthy,  sober, 
old-fashioned,  homely,  count]  family, 
with  good  wages,  liberal  diet,  and  little 
work  to  do. — G.  Colman,  Ways  and 
Means  (1788). 

Tiran'te  the  White,  the  hero  and 
title  of  a  romance  of  chivalry. 

"  Let  me  sco  tluit  book,"  said  the  curt  :  "  wo  shall  find  In 
It  a  fuml  of  amusement    Here  we  shall  And  thai  Famous 

knlgbl  don  Kyiie  Blysnn  of  Montalban,  andTI as  his 

brother  with  the  knlgbl  Fonseca,  the  battle  which  Detrl 

ante  fougbl  with    llano,  the  stratagems  of  the   Widow 

Traniinil.  flu-  amour  of  the  empress  with  her 'sqi 

the    witticisms   "f   ladj   BrUllanta     This  b  one  ol  the 

aiost    nmuslng   books   ever   written."    I 

OMtocXo.  I.  I.   6  lift*). 

Tiresias,  a  Theban  soothsayer,   blind 

from   boyhood.     It  is   said  that   Athena 

deprived'  him  of  Bight,  but  gave  him  the 

power  of    understanding   the  language  of 

43 


birds,  and  a  staff  as  good  as  eyesight  to 
direct  his  way.     Another  tale  is  that, 

a  male  and  female  serpent  in 
copulation,  he  killed  the  male,  and  was 
metamorphosed  into  B  woman  : 
years  later  he  saw  a  similar  phenomenon, 
and  killed  the  female,  whereupon  he  he- 
came  a  man  again.  Thus,  when  Jupiter 
and  June  wished  to  know  whether  man 
or  woman  had  the  greater  enjoyment  in 
married  life,  they  referred  the  quesl 
Tiresias,  who  declared  thai  the  pleasure  of 

the  woman  is  tenfold  greater  than  that 

of  the  man.     (See  I 

"  in  troth,"  ^.ii'l  Jots  [and  a;  he  spoke  he  laughed, 

Whik-  to  bis  queen  from  ni-.-i.ir  bowls  hs  .juaik-elj. 

"The  sense  ol  pleas)  rein  the  male  U  far 

More  dull  anil  dead  than  wb  h:ire.* 

Juno  the  truth  m  what  be  said  dents  i ; 

Tiresi.-u  there!  ' 

For  lie  the  pi  I  «  bad  tried. 

Addison,  7Vu-  rraiujformation  s/  Nraalai  (17191. 
There  is  an  awkward  thing,  which  much  perplexes. 
Unless,  like  vise  1  b  bad  proved 

By  turns  the  difference  of  the  several  sexes. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiv.  73  (1SJ4). 

%*  The  name  is  generally  pronounced 
Ti.rc'.si.us,  but  Milton  calls  it  Tt'.r 
Blind Tbamrrls and  blind  Mssonldas  [iiomer\ 
And  Tirb'usund  Phineus  [FLnuea]  prophel 

Varaditc  Lost.  iu.  36  (lOtiS). 

Tirlsneck  [Jonnie),  beadle  of  old  St. 
Ronan's.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Bonan't 
Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Tirso  de  Moli'na,  the  pseudonym 
of  Gabriel  Telle/.,  a  Spanish  monk  and 
dramatist.  His  comedy  called  Convivanda 
de  Piedra  (1626)  was  imitated  by  Moliere 
in  his  Festin  de  Pierre  (1666),  and  has 
given  birth  to  the  whole  host  of  comedies 
and  operas  on  the  subject  of  "  don  Juan  " 
(1570-1648). 

Tiryns  ( The  Gallery  of),  one  ,  i 
the  old  Cyclopean  structures  mentioiiufj 
by  Homer,  and  still  extant  in  Argdlis. 
The  stones  of  this  "  gallery  "  are  so  enor- 
mous that  two  horses  could  not  stir  the 
smallest  of  them. 

%*  Similar  Cyclopean  structures  are 
the   "treasury   of   Aireus,"  the   ". 

Lions,"  the  "tomb  of  PhorOneus"  I 

and    the    "tomb     of    Danaos,"    all     in 

Mj  e,"!i:e. 

Tiryn'thinn  Swnin  (The),  Her- 
cules, 'called    in    Latin  Tir>/nt/tius 

because  he  generally  resided  at  Tiryns, 
a  town  of  Argolis,  intireccc. 

Upon  bit    hi'M  U]  thai  Tlrvntlitan  swain 
Bwalt  rliu:  in  Berjr  K"™-'  and  |x.is»nous  name, 

i  with  Moody  stain. [S<     ' 
Phineas  notches,  Tk»  PurpU  Iiland,  ill  11888). 

Tisapher'nes  (1  s>/..),  "the  thunder- 
bolt of  war."     He  waft  in  the  army   of 
3  T 


TISBINA. 


1010 


TITIAN. 


Egypt,  and  was  slain  by  Rinaldo. — Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered,  xx.  (1575). 

%*  This  son  of  Mars  must  not  be  mis- 
taken for  Tissaphernes  the  Persian  satrap, 
who  sided  with  the  Spartans  in  the  Pelo- 
ponnesian  war,  and  who  treacherously 
volunteered  to  guide  "  the  ten  thousand  " 
back  to  Greece. 

Tisbi'na,  wife  of  Iroldo.  Prasildo, 
a  Babylonish  nobleman,  falls  in  love  with 
her.  and  threatens  to  kill  himself.  Tisbina, 
to  divert  him,  tells  him  if  he  will  perform 
certain  exploits  which  she  deemed  im- 
possible, she  will  return  his  love.  These 
exploits  he  accomplishes,  and  Tisbina, 
with  Iroldo,  take  poison  to  avoid  dis- 
honour. Prasildo  discovers  that  the 
draught  they  have  taken  is  harmless,  and 
tells  them  so;  whereupon  Iroldo  quits  the 
country,  and  Tisbina  marries  Prasildo. 
— Boj&rdo,  Orlawlo  Inwunorato  (1495). 
(See  Diaxoua,  p.  251 ;  and  Dokiuen,  p. 
26G.) 

Tisellin,  the  raven,  in  the  beast-epic 
of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1408). 

Tisiph'one  (4  ml.),  one  of  the  three 
Furies.  Covered  with  a  bloody  robe,  she 
tits  day  and  night  at  hell-gate,  armed 
with  a  whip.  Tibullus  says  her  head 
was  coifed  with  serpents  in  lieu  of  hair. 

The  Desert  Fairy,  with  bar  baad  covered  with  snakes, 
like  TislphonA,  mounted  (in  a  winged  griffin. — Oomtesse 
D'Aunoy,  fairy  Tales  ("The  Yellow  Dwarf."  1683). 

Ti'tan,  the  sun  or  Helios,  the  child  of 
Hyperi'on  and  Basil'ea,  and  grandson  of 
Ccelum  or  heaven.  Virgil  calls  the  sun 
"  Titan,"  and  so  does  Ovid. 

.  .  .  primes  crastlnus  orrtis 
Extulerlt  Titan,  radn^ue  rctcxrrit  orbem. 

.//...  ,<i,  Iv.  118,  US. 

A  maiden  queen  that  shone  at  Titan's  ray. 

Spenser,  t'atry  gum,  1.  4  (1590). 

Titans,  giants,  sons  of  Heaven  and 
Earth.  Their  names  were  Oceanos,  Kceos, 
Krios,  Hyperion,  lapStos,  and  Kronos. 

The  frtanldes  were  Theia  [Thi-a], 
Rhea,  Themis,  Mnemosyne,  Phoebe,  and 
Tcthys. 

Titan 'ia,  queen  of  the  fairies,  and  wife 
of  Oberon.  Oberon  wanted  her  to  give 
him  for  a  page  a  little  changeling,  but 
Titania  refused  to  part  with  him,  and  this 
led  to  a  fairy  quarrel.  ( Iberon,  in  revenge, 
anointed  the  eyes  of  Titania  during  Bleep 
with  an  extract  of  "  Love  in  Idleness," 
the  eftect  of  which  was  to  make  her  fall 
in  love  with  the  first  object  she  saw  on 
waking.  The  first  object  Titania  set 
eyes  on  happened  to  be  a  country  bump- 
kin, whom  Puck  had  dressed  up  with  an 


ass's  head.  While  Titania  was  fondling 
this  "unamiable  creature,"  Oberon  came 
upon  her,  sprinkled  on  her  an  antidote, 
and  Titania,  thoroughly  ashamed  of  her- 
self, gave  up  the  boy  to  her  sposo  ;  after 
which  a  reconciliation  took  place  between 
the  wilful  fairies. — Shakespeare,  Midsum- 
mer Nighft  Dream  (1592). 

Tite  Barnacle  {Mr.),  head  of  the 
Circumlocution  Office,  and  a  very  great 
man  in  his  own  opinion.  The  family  had 
intermarried  with  the  Stiltstal kings,  and 
the  Barnacles  and  Stiltstalkings  found 
berths  pretty  readily  in  the  national  work- 
shop, where  brains  and  conceit  were  in 
inverse  ratio.  The  young  gents  in  the 
office  usually  spoke  with  an  eye-glass  in 
the  eye,  in  this  sort  of  style :  "  Oh,  I  say  ; 
look  here!  Can't  attend  to  you  to-day, 
you  know.  But  look  here  !  I  say;  can't 
yon  call  to-morrow?"  "No."  "  Well,  but 
I  say  ;  look  here  !  Is  this  public  business  ? 
— anything  about — tonnage — or  that  sort 
of  thing  '(  "  Having  made  his  case  under- 
stood, Mr.  Clennaui  received  the  follow- 
ing instructions  in  these  words  : — 

You  must  And  out  all  about  it.  Then  you'll  memo- 
rialize U(e  department,  according  to  Uie  regular  forms  for 
Imtc  to  memorialize.  If  ran  g«jt  it,  tin-  memorial  must  b* 
entered  in  that  department,  tent  to  be  registered  in  ttiu) 
ili'l  .-trhiu-iil.  tli'.-ii  not  kick  to  that  department,  then 
sent  to  tliis  defiartiiMiit  to  be  UIIIHiHllH.IMWI_  and  then  it 
will  tic  brought  regularly  baton  thai  dapartnaat    You'll 

find  out  when  the  business  passe*  through  each  of  them 
•tagai  >'>  Inquiring  at  both  department*  till  they  tell  you. 
— (.'.  Pllfcnrn.  LUlte  liorrit,  X.  (1SJ7). 

Titho'nus,  a  son  of  Laomedon  king 
of  Troy.  He  was  so  handsome  that 
Auro'ra  became  enamoured  of  him,  and 
persuaded  Japitei  to  make  him  immortal; 
but  as  she  forgot  to  ask  for  eternal  youth 
also,  he  became  decrepit  and  ugly,  and 
Aurora  changed  him  into  a  cicada  or 
grasshopper.  His  name  is  a  synonym  for 
a  very  old  man. 

Weary  of  aged  Tithon's  saffron  bed. 

Spenser,  Faery  yueen,  I.  ii.  7  (1190% 
.  .  .  thinner  than  Tithonus  ni 
Before  he  faded  into  air. 

Lord  Lytton.  Talet  of  Jfiletiu,  1L 

Titho'nus  (The  Consort  of),  the  moon. 

Now  the  fair  consort  of  Tlthonu*  old. 
Arisen  from  her  mate's  beloved  arm*. 
Looked  palely  o'er  the  eastern  cliff. 

Dante,  Purgatory,  Ix.  (1308). 

Tithor'ea,  one  of  the  two  chief  sum- 
mits of  Parnassus.  It  was  dedicated  to 
Bacchus,  the  other  (Lycorea)  bein^  dedi- 
cated to  the  Muses  and  Apollo. 

Titian  (Tiziano  Vecellio),  an  Italian 
landscape  painter,  especially  famous  for 
his  clouds  (1 177-157G). 

Tttinn  (  The  French),  Jacques  Blanch**1* 
(1GUU  1038). 


TITIAN. 


1011 


TLALALA. 


Titian  (The  Portui/uese),  Alonzo  San- 
chez Coello  (1515-1590). 

Titmarsh  (Michael  Angelo),  a  pseu- 
donym used  by  Thackeray  in  a  number 
of  li is  earlier  writings.  Like  Michael 
Angelo,  Thackeray  had  a  broken  nose. 

Titmouse  (Mr.  Tittlebat),  a  vulgar, 
ignorant  coxcomb,  suddenly  raised  from 
the  degree  of  a  linen-draper's  shopman  to 
a  man  of  fortune,  with  an  income  of 
£10,000  a  year. — Warren,  Ten  'Thousand 
a  Year. 

Tito  Mele'ma,  a  Greek,  who  marries 
Romola. — George  Eliot,  Romola. 

Titurel,  the  first  king  of  Graal-burg. 
He  has  brought  into  subjection  all  his 
passions,  has  resisted  all  the  seductions 
of  the  world,  and  is  modest,  chaste,  pious, 
and  devout.  His  daughter  Sigune  is  in 
love  with  Tschionatulander,  who  is  slain. 
— Wolfram  von  Esehenbach,  Titurel 
(thirteenth  century). 

***  Wolfram's  Titurel  is  a  tedious 
expansion  of  a  lay  already  in  existence, 
and  Albert  of  Scharfenberg  produced  a 
Young  Titurel,  at  one  time  thought  the 
best  romance  of  chivalry  in  existence, 
but  it  is  pompous,  stilted,  erudite,  and 
wearisome. 

Titus,  the  son  of  Lucius  Junius 
Brutus.  lie  joined  the  faction  of  Tar- 
quin,  and  was  condemned  to  death  by  his 
father,  who,  having  been  the  chief  instru- 
ment in  banishing  the  king  and  all  his 
race,  was  created  the  first  Gonsul.  The 
subject  has  been  often  dramatized.  In 
English,  by  N.  Lee  (1679)  and  John 
Howard  Payne  (1820).  In  French,  by 
Arnault,  in  1792;  and  by  Ponsard,  in 
1843.  In  Italian,  by  Alfieri,  JJruto ;  etc. 
It  was  in  Payne's  tragedy  that  Charles 
Kean  made  his  debut  in  Glasgow  as 
"Titus,"  his  father  playing  "  Brutus." 

The  bouse  was  filled  to  overflowing  .  .  .  the  stirring 
Interest  of  the  play,  combined  with  the  natural  noting  of 
the  father  and  son,  completely  subdued  the  audience. 
They  sat  suffused  in  tears  during  the  kist  pathetic  Inter- 
view, until  Brutus,  overwhelmed  by  his  emotions,  falls  on 
the  neck  of  Titus,  exclaiming,  in  a  burst  of  agony, 
"  Embrace  thy  wretched  father  !  "  when  the  whole  theatre 
broke  forth  in  long  peals  of  applause.  Kdniund  Kean 
then  whispered  in  his  son's  ear.  "Charlie,  my  boy,  we  are 
doing  the  trick."— Cole,  Lift  of  Vluirlcs  lican. 

Titus,  "  the  delight  >f  man,"  the  Roman 

emperor,  son  of  Vespasian  (40,  79-81). 

Titus,  the  penitent  thief,  according  tc 
Longfellc  w.  Dum&chus  and  Titus  were 
two  of  a  band  of  robbers,  who  attacked 
Joseph  in  his  flight  into  Egypt.  Titus 
said,  "  Ijet  these  good  people  go  in 
veucc  ;  "  but  Dumaehus  replied,  "  First  let 


them   pay   their  ransom."      Whereupon 
Titus    handed   to  his   companion    forty 

groats  ;  and  the  infant  Jesus  said  t<>  him  : 

When  thirty  years  shall  have  gone  by 
I  at  Jerusalem  shall  die,  .  . 

On  the  accursed  tree. 

Then  on  Mj  right  and  My  left  side. 

These  thieves  shall  both  be  crucified. 

And  Titus  thenceforth  shall  abide 

In  paradise  with  Me. 

Longfellow,    The   Uoldcn  Legend   (i851) 

Tityre  Tus  (long  u),  the  name 
assumed  in  the  seventeenth  century  by  a 
clique  of  young  blades  of  the  better  class, 
whose  delight  was  to  break  windows, 
upset  sedan-chairs,  molest  quiet  citizens, 
and  rudely  caress  pretty  woiien  in  the 
streets  at  night-time.  These  brawlers 
took  successively  many  titular  names, 
as  Muns,  Hectors,  Scourers,  afterwards 
Nickers,  later  still  Hawcabites,  aud  lastly 
Mohawks  or  Mohocks. 

"Tityre  tu-s"  is  meant  for  the  plural 
of  "  Tityre  tu,"  in  the  first  line  of  Virgil's 
first  Eclogue :  "  Tityre,  tu  patulce  reenbana 
sub  tegmine  fagi,"  and  meant  to  imply 
that  these  blades  were  men  of  leisure  and 
fortune,  who  "lay  at  ease  under  their 
patrimonial  beech  trees." 

Tit'yrus.inthe  Shephcardcs  Calendar, 
by  Spenser  (eel.  ii.  and  vi.),  is  meant  for 
Chaucer. 

The  gentle  shepherd  sate  beside  a  spring  .  .  . 
That  Culin  bight,  which  well  could  pipe  and  sing. 
For  he  of  Tityrus  his  song  did  learn. 

Spenser,  1'he  tihephcardu  Calendar,  zii.  llSTin. 

Tityus,  a  giant,  whose  body  covered 
nine  acres  of  ground.  In  Tartarus,  two 
vultures  or  serpents  feed  for  ever  on  his 
liver,  which  grows  as  fast  as  it  is  gnawed 
away. 

Prometheus  (3  si/l.)  is  said  to  have 
been  fastened  to  mount  Caucasus,  where 
two  eagles  fed  on  his  liv«r,  which  never 
wasted. 

Nor  unobserved  lay  stretched  upon  the  marls 
Tityus,  earth-born,  whose  bod]  long  and  largo 
Covered  nine  acres.     There  two  vultures  sat. 
Of  appetite  Insatiate,  and  with  beaks 
For  ravine  bent,  untntennitting  gored 
His  liver.    Powerless  be  to  put  to  flight 
The  fierce  devourcrs.    To  this  i>cnaiice  judged 
For  rape  intended  on  l.itona  f;dr. 

Funtou's  Jlomo.'i  udyueg.  xl.  (1716). 

Tizo'na,  the  Cid's  sword.  It  was 
buried  with  him,  as  Joyeuse  (Charle- 
magne's sword)  was  buried  with  Charle- 
magne, and  Durindiina  with  Orlando. 

Tlal'ala,  sumamed  "  The  Tiger," 
one  of  the  Aztecas.  On  one  occasion, 
being  taken  captive,  Madoc  released  liini, 
but  he  continued  the  unrelenting  foe  of 
Madoc  and  his  new  colon)-,  and  was 
always    foremost  in  working  them  evil. 


TOAD  WITH  AN  R. 


1012 


TOBY  VECK. 


When  at  length,  the  Aztecas,  being  over- 
come, migrated  to  Mexico,  Tlalala  refused 
to  quit  the  spot  of  his  father's  tomb,  and 
threw  himself  on  his  own  javelin. — 
Southey,  Madoc  (1805). 

Toad  with  an  "R,  worthlessness, 
mere  dung.  Anglo-Saxon,  tord  or  toord, 
(now  spelt  with  a  u)  ;  hence  in  the  Gospel 
of  St.  Luke  xiii.  8:  "He  answeringe 
Beide  to  him,  Lord,  suffer  also  this  zeer, 
til  the  while  I  delue  [delve']  aboute  it,  and 
sende  toordis  .  .  ." — Gothic  and  Anglo- 
Saxon  Gospels,  Bosworth,  p.  3G5 ;  Wycliffe 
(1389). 

Good  husband  his  boon  Or  request  hath  afar ; 
111  husband  as  soon  Hath  a  toad  with  an  K. 

Tusser,  Five  Hundred  Point*,  etc.,  1U.  16. 

Toad-Eater  (Pulteney't).  Henry 
Vane  was  so  called,  in  1742,  by  Sir 
Robert  Walpole.  Two  years  Inter,  Sarah 
Fielding,  in  David  Simple,  speaks  of 
"toad-eater"  as  "quite  a  new  word," 
and  she  suggests  that  it  is  "a  metaphor 
taken  from  a  mountebank's  boy  eating 
toads  in  order  to  show  his  master's  skill 
in  expelling  poison,"  and  "  built  on  a 
supposition  that  people  who  arc  in  a 
state  of  dependence  are  forced  to  do  the 
most  nauseous  things  to  please  and 
humor  their  patrons." 

Tobacco,  says  Stow,  in  his  Chronicle, 
was  first  brought  to  England  by  sir  John 
Hawkins,  in  15G5  (7  Elizabeth). 

Before  that  Indian  weed  so  strongly  was  embraced, 
Whcrei'i  sucli  mighty  sums  we  prodigally  waste. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xvi.  (1613). 

Tobo'so  [DulcinSa  del),  the  lady 
chosen  by  don  Quixote  for  his  particular 
paragon.  Sancho  Panza  says  she  was 
*'  a  stoat-built,  sturdy  wench,  who  could 
pitch  the  bar  as  well  as  any  young  fellow 
in  the  parish."  The  knight  had  been  in 
love  with  her  before  he  took  to  errantry. 
She  was  Aldonza  Lorenzo,  the  daughter 
of  Lorenzo  Corchuelo  and  Aldonza  No- 
gales  ;  but  when  signiorQuixada  assumed 
the  dignity  of  knighthood,  he  changed 
the  name  and  style  of  his  lady  into 
Dulcinea  del  Toboso,  which  was  more 
befitting  his  rank.  —  Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  I.  i.  1  (1605). 

Toby,  waiter  of  the  Spa  hotel,  St. 
Ronan's,  kept  by  Sandie  Lawson. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  St.  lionarCs  Well  (time,  George 
III.). 

Toby,  a  brown  Rockingham-ware  beer 
jug,  with  the  likeness  of  Toby  Filpot 
embossed  on  its  sides,  "a  goodly  jug  of 
well-browned  clay,  fashioned  into  the 
form  of  an  old  gentleman,  atop  of  whose 


bald  head  was  a  fine  froth  answering  tc 
his  wig"  (ch.  iv.). 

Gabriel  lifted  Toby  to  his  mouth,  and  took  a  hearty 
draught.— -C.  Dickens.  Matter  Ilum/ihrey'i  Clock  ("Bar 
naby  Kudge,"  xli.,  1-41 1. 

Toby,  Punch's  dog,  in  the  puppet-show 
exhibition  of  Punch  and  Judy. 

In  some  versions  of  the  great  drama  of  Punch,  there  la 
a  small  dog  (a  modern  innovation),  supposed  to  be  the 
private  property  of  that  gentleman,  and  of  the  name  of 
Toby — always  Toby.  This  dog  has  been  stolen  in  youth 
from  another  gentleman,  and  fraudulently  sold  to  the 
confiding  hero  who,  having  no  guile  himself,  has  no 
suspicion  that  it  lurks  in  others ;  but  Toby,  entertaining  a 
grateful  recollection  of  his  old  master,  and  scorning  to 
attach  himself  to  any  new  patron,  not  only  refu-es  to 
smoke  a  pipe  at  the  bidding  of  Punch,  but  (to  mark  his 
old  fidelity  more  strongly)  seizes  him  by  the  nose,  and 
wrings  the  same  with  violence,  at  which  instance  of 
canine  attachment  the  spectators  are  always  deeplv 
affected. — C.  Dickens. 

Toby,  in  the  periodical  called  Punch, 
is  represented  as  a  grave,  consequen- 
tial, sullen,  unsocial  pug,  perched  on 
back  volumes  of  the  national  Menippus, 
which  he  guards  so  stolidly  that  it  would 
need  a  very  bold  heart  to  pttempt  to  filch 
one.  There  is  no  reminiscence  in  this 
Toby,  like  that  of  his  peep-show  name- 
sake, of  any  previous  master,  and  no 
aversion  to  his  present  one.  Punch 
himself  is  the  very  beau-ideal  of  good- 
natured  satire  and  far-sighted  shrewd- 
ness, while  his  dog  (the  very  Diogenes  of 
his  tribe)  would  scorn  his  nature  if  he 
could  be  made  to  smile  at  anything. 

%*  The  first  cover  of  immortal  Punch 
was  designed  by  A.  S.  Henning ;  the 
present  one  by  Richard  Doyle. 

Toby  (Uncle),  a  captain,  who  was 
wounded  at  the  siege  of  Namur,  and  was 
obliged  to  retire  from  the  service.  He  is 
the  impersonation  of  kindness,  benevo- 
lence, and  simple-heartedness ;  his  courage 
is  undoubted,  his  gallantry  delightful  for 
its  innocence  and  modesty.  Nothing  can 
exceed  the  grace  of  uncle  Toby's  love- 
passages  witii  the  Widow  Wadman.  It 
is  said  that  lieutenant  Sterne  (father  of  • 
the  novelist)  was  the  prototype  of  enele 
Toby. — Sterne,  Tristram  Shandy  (1759). 

My  uncle  Toby  is  one  of  the  finest  compliments  ever 
paid  to  human  nature.  He  is  the  most  unoffending  of 
God's  creatures,  or,  as  the  French  would  express  it,  un  tel 


Toby  Veck,  ticket-porter  and 
jobman,  nicknamed  "  Trotty  "  from  his 
trotting  pace.  He  was  "  a  weak,  small, 
spare  man,"  who  loved  to  earn  his  money, 
and  heard  the  chimes  ring  words  in 
accordance  with  his  fancy,  hopes,  and 
fears.  After  a  dinner  of  tripe,  he  lived 
for  a  time  in  a  sort  of  dream,  and  woke 
up  on  New  Year's  Day  to  dance  at  hu 


TODD. 


1013 


ToLMETES. 


daughter's  wedding. — C.  Dickens,  The 
Chime  i  (1844). 

Todd  (Laurie),  a  poor  Scotch  nail- 
maker,  who  emigrates  to  America,  and, 
after  some  reverses  of  fortune,  begins  life 
again  as  a  backwoodsman,  and  greatly 

prospers. — Gait,  Laurie  Todd. 

Tod'gers  (Mrs.),  proprietress  of  a 
"commercial  boarding-house  ; "  weighed 
down  with  the  overwhelming  cares  of 
"  sauces,  gravy,"  and  the  wherewithal  of 
providing  tor  her  lodgers.  Mrs.  Todgers 
had  a  "soft  heart"  for  Mr.  Pecksniff, 
widower,  and  bein^  really  kind-hearted, 
befriended  poor  Mercy  Pecksniff  in  her 
miserable  married  life  with  her  brutal 
husband  Jonas  Chuzzlewit. — C.  Dickens, 
Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1844). 

Tofa'na,  of  Palermo,  a  noted  poisoner, 
who  sold  a  tasteless,  colourless  poison, 
called  the  M<inu<t  of  St.  Nicola  of  Bara, 
but  better  known  as  Aqua  Tofana. 
Above  000  persons  fell  victims  to  this 
fatal  drug.  She  was  discovered  in  1659, 
aiul  died  1730. 

La  Spara  or  llicronyma  Spare,  about  a 
century  previously,  sold  an  "elixir" 
equally  fatal.  The  secret  was  ultimately 
revealed  to  her  father  confessor. 

Tofts  (Mistress),  a  famous  singer 
towards  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  She  was  very  fond  of  cats,  and 
left  a  legacy  to  twenty  of  the  tubby 
tribe. 

Not  Niobfl  mourned  more  for  fourteen  brats. 
Nor  ttktroM  Tuft.*,  bo  lam  lier twenty  cats. 
Tutor  Pindar  [Dr.  Wolootl  uu  Simon  (1809). 

Togar'ma  ("  island  of  l>l>u:  waves"), 
one  01  the  Hebrides. — Ossian,  Death  of 
Cuthultin. 

Togorma,  the  kingdom  of  Connal 
son  of  Colgar. — Ossian,  Fingal. 

Tohu  va  Bohu,  at  sixes  and  sevens, 
in  the  utmost  confusion,  topsy-turvy. 

The  earth  was  tohu  t*bohu,that  U,TOMand  Inoon. 
fusion  ...  in  short,  h  chaos.  This  may  will  be  applied 
to  a  ooontrj  desolated  by  war.  ( .v..r.-  fcy  i\nt.  Bokn'i 
•J.J—  ICabelais.  Pantoyl  ml,  iv.  17  (1515). 

Toinette,  a  confidential  female  ser- 
vant of  Argan  the  tnalade  imaginaire. 
"  Adroite,  Boigneusc,  diligente,  1 1  Burtoui 

fidele,"     but      contractions,     and     always 

calling  into  action  Ikt  master's  irritable 
temper.  In  order  ti  cure  him,  she  pre- 
tends   to   be  a   travelling    physician   of 

about  !•(»  years  of   Bge,  although   she   has 

not  seen  twenty-six  Bummers:  and  in  the 
capacity  of  a  Galen,  declares  M.  Ar^-an  is 


suffering  from  lun^s,  recommends  that 
one  arm  should  be  cut  off,  and  one  eye 
taken  out  to    !  en   the  remaining 

one.  She  enters  into  a  plot  to  open  the 
eyes  of  Argan  to  the  real  affection  of 
Angelique  (ins  daughter),  the  false  love 
of  her  Step-mother,  and  to  marry  the 
former  to  <  h  ante  the  man  of  her  choice, 
in  all  which  schemes  she  [g  fully  b  i 
ful.  —  Moliere,  Le  Malade  Jmaginain 
(1673). 

Toison  d'Or,  chief  herald  of  Bur- 
gundy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin  Durwtrd 

and  Anne  of  (Jcierstein  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Toki,  the  Danish  William  Tell.  Saxo 
Grammaticus,  a  Danish  writer  of  the 
twelfth  century,  tells  OS  that  Toki  once 
I,  in  the  hearing  of  Harald  Blue- 
tooth, that  he  could  hit  an  apple  with  his 
arrow  off  ap.de;  and  the  Danish  G  i 
set  him  to  try  his  skill  by  placing  an 
apple  on  the  head  of  the  archer's  Bon 
(twelfth  century). 

Tolande  of  Anjou.  a  daughter  of 
old  king  Rend  of    Provence,  and 
of  Margaret  of  Anjou  (wife  of  Henry  VI. 
of    England). — Sir    \V.  Scott,    Anne   of 
Qeierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Tolbooth  (The),  the  principal  prison 
of  Edinburgh. 

The  Toll.ooth  felt  detraude  I  of  Ma  charnu 
If  Jeffrey  died,  except  within  her  arm.. 
Byron,  BJngUlh  ltar<U  unJ  Scotch  licrirwert  (13091 

Lord  Byron  refers  to  the  "  duel  ' 
between  Francis  Jeffrc)  editor  of  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  and  Thomas  .Moore 
the  poet,  at  Chalk  Farm,  in  1806.  The 
duel  was  interrupted,  and  it  wa 
found  that  neither  of  the  piatoll  con- 
tained a  bullet. 

Can  none  retuouibajr  tint  eventful  dmy, 

Thai  srei  ilorio 

When  LltUe'a[r*om<u   N  |  itatol  met  hi»  era, 

And  Bow  Mrixt  uiyniii'loiis  flood  Ltu^luiit:  liy  f 

Ditto. 

Tole'do,  famous  for  its  Bword-bladea. 
Vienne,  in  the   Lower  Dauphine*,  is  also 

famous     for    its     swords.      Its     martinet* 

(v.    the    Water  nulls    for  an    iron 

arc  turned  by  a  little  rirer  called  Gere. 

c;  irpuntua  k-  •>  ,  r,i  of  a 

ii  a  gulden    .  . 
gmtiua, 

Tolme'tes    (8    ml.),    Foolhai 
personified   in    tne   I  .'.  folly 

described  in  canto  viiL     His  companions 
N         ince,  Brag,  t  larelcssneos,  and 
Fear.      (Creek,    tolmltia,    "a    to 
man.") 


TOM. 


1014 


TOM  TIDDLER'S  GROUND. 


thus  ran  the  rash  Tolmetes,  never  viewing 
The  fearful  fiends  that  duly  him  attended  .  .  . 
Much  would  he  iwldly  do,  but  much  more  boldly  vaunt. 
P.  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Island,  vlii.  (1633). 

Tom,  "the  Portugal  dustman,"  who 
joined  the  allied  arm}'  against  France  in 
the  war  of  the  Spanish  Succession. — Dr. 
Arbuthnot,  History  of  John  Bull  (1712). 

Tom,  one  of  the  servants  of  Mr-. 
Peregrine  Lovel,  "with  a  good  deal  of 
surly  honesty  about  him."  Tom  is  no 
eneak,  and  no  tell-tale,  but  he  refuses  to 
abet  Philip  the  butler  in  sponging  on  his 
master,  and  wasting  his  property  in 
riotous  living.  When  Lovel  discovers 
the  state  of  affairs,  and  clears  out  his 
household,  he  retains  Tom,  to  whom  he 
entmsts  the  cellar  and  the  plate. — Rev. 
J.  Townley,  High  Life  Below  Stairs 
(1759). 

Tom  Folio,  Thomas  Rawlinson,  the 
bibliopolist  (1681-1725). 

Tom  Jones  (1  syl.),  a  model  of 
generosity,  openness,  and  manly  spirit, 
mixed  with  dissipation.  Lord  Byron 
calls  him  "  an  accomplished  blackguard  " 
(Don  Juan,  xiii.  110,  1824). — Fielding, 
Tom  Jones  (1749). 

A  hero  with  a  Hawed  reputation,  a  hero  sponging  for  a 
guinea,  a  hero  who  cani.ot  pay  his  landlady,  and  k  obliged 
to  let  liis  honour  out  to  hire,  is  absurd,  and  the  claim  of 
Tom  Jones  to  heroic  rank  is  quite  untenable. — Thackeray. 

Tom  Long,  the  hero  of  an  old  tale, 
entitled  The  Merry  Conceits  of  Tom  Long, 
the  Carrier,  being  many  Pleasant  Passages 
and  Mad  Pranks  which  he  observed  in  his 
Travels.  This  tale  was  at  one  time 
amazingly  popular. 

Tom  Scott,  Daniel  Quilp's  boyt 
Tower  Hill.  Although  Quilp  was  a 
demon  incarnate,  yet  "between  the  boy 
and  the  dwarf  there  existed  a  strange 
kind  of  mutual  liking."  Tom  was  very 
fond  of  standing  on  his  head,  and  on  one 
occasion  Quilp  said  to  him,  "Stand  on 
your  head  again,  and  I'll  cut  one  of  your 
feet  off." 

The  boy  made  no  answer,  but  directly  Quilp  had  shut 
him  ell  in,  stood  on  bis  head  before  the  door,  then 
walked  on  his  hands  to  the  back,  and  stood  on  his  head 
there,  then  to  (he  opposite  side  and  repeated  the  per- 
formance. .  .  .  Quilp,  knowing  his  disposition,  was  lying 
In  wait  at  a  little  distance,  armed  with  a  large  piece  of 
wood,  which,  being  rough  and  jagged,  and  studded  with 
broken  nails,  might  possibly  have  hurt  him,  if  it  had  been 
thrown  at  him.— C.  Dickens,  The  Old  Curiosity  Shop.  v. 
(1S40). 

Tom  Thumb,  the  name  of  a  very 
diminutive  little  man  in  the  court  of  king 
Arthur,  killed  by  the  poisonous  breath  of 
a  spider  in  the  reign  of  king  Thunstone, 
the  successor  of  Arthur.  In  the  Bodleian 
Library    there    is   a   ballad   about    Tom 


Thumb,  which  was  printed  in  1630. 
Richard  Johnson  wrote  in  prose  Th4 
History  of  Tom  Thumbe,  which  wm 
printed  in  1621.  In  1630  Charles  Per- 
rault  published  his  tale  called  Le  Petit 
Poucet.  Tom  Thum  is  introduced  by 
Drayton  in  his  Nymphidia  (1563-1631). 

"Tom  "  in  this  connection  is  the  Swedish 
tomt  ("a  nix  or  dwarf  "),  as  in  Tompt- 
gubbe  ("a  brownie  or  kobold  ") ;  the  final 
t  is  silent,  and  the  tale  is  of  Scandinavian 
origin. 

Tom  TJiumb,  a  burlesque  opera,  altered 
by  Kane  O'Hara  (author  of  Midas), 
in  1778,  from  a  dramatic  piece  by  Field- 
ing the  novelist  (1730).  Tom  Thumb, 
having  killed  the  giants,  falls  in  love  with 
Huncamunca  daughter  of  king  Arthur. 
Lord  Grizzle  wishes  to  marry  the  prin- 
cess, and  when  he  hears  that  the  "  pygmy 
giant-queller"  is  preferred  before  him,  his 
lordship  turns  traitor,  invests  the  palace 
"  at  the  head  of  his  rebellious  rout,"  and 
is  slain  by  Tom.  Then  follows  the  bitter 
end :  A  red  cow  swallows  Tom,  the  queen 
Dollallolla  kills  Noodle,  Frizaletta  kills 
the  queen,  Huncamunca  kills  Frizaletta, 
Doodle  kills  Huncamunca,  Plumante 
kills  Doodle,  and  the  king,  being  left 
alone,  stabs  himself.  Merlin  now  enters, 
commands  the  red  cow  to  "return  our 
England's  Hannibal,"  after  which,  the 
wise  wizard  restores  all  the  slain  ones 
to  life  again,  and  thus  "jar  ending,"  each 
resolves  to  go  home,  "and  make  a  night 
on't." 

Soon  after  Liston  had  made  his  popular  hit  In  Field- 
ing's Tom  Thumb,  at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  be  was 
Invited  U>  dine  in  the  City,  and  after  the  dessert  the  whole 
party  rose,  the  tables  and  chairs  were  set  back,  and 
Mr.  Liston  was  requested  "to  favour  the  company  with 
lord  Grizzle's  dancing  song  before  the  children  went  to 
bed."  As  may  be  supposed,  Liston  took  his  hat  and 
danced  out  of  the  house,  nevermore  to  return.— C.  Kussell. 
Representative  Aiturt. 

Tom  Tiddler's  Ground,  a  nook 
in  a  rustic  by-road,  where  Mr.  Mopes  the 
hermit  lived,  and  had  succeeded  in  laying 
it  waste.  In  the  middle  of  the  plot  was 
a  ruined  hovel,  without  one  patch  of  glass 
in  the  windows,  and  with  no  plank  or 
beam  that  had  not  rotted  or  fallen  aw  a}-. 
There  was  a  slough  of  water,  a  leafless 
tree  or  two,  and  plenty  of  filth.  Rumour 
said  that  Tom  Mopes  had  murdered  his 
beautiful  wife  from  jealousy,  and  had 
abandoned  the  world.  Mr.  Traveller  tried 
to  reason  with  him,  and  bring  him  back 
to  social  life,  but  the  tinker  replied, 
"'When  iron  is  thoroughly  rotten,  you 
cannot  botch  it,  do  what  you  may."— C, 
Dickens,  A  Christmas  Number  (1861). 


TOM  TILEK  ANI)  HIS  WIFE.       1016 


TOMES. 


Tom  Tiler  and  His  Wife,  a 
transition  play  between  a  morality  and 
a  tragedy  (1578). 

Tom  Tipple,  a  highwayman  in 
captain  Macheash's  gang.  Peacham  calls 
him  ''  a  guzzling,  Boaking  sot,  always  too 

drunk  to  stand  himself  or  to  make  others 
stand.  A  cart,"  he  says,  "is  absolutely 
necessary  for  him." — Gay,  The  Beggar' a 
Opera,  i.  (1727). 

Tom  Tram,  the  hero  of  a  novel 
entitled  The  Mad  Pranks  of  Tom  Tntm, 
Son-in-Law  to  Mother  Winter,  whereunto 
is  added  his  Merry  Jests,  Odd  Conceits, 
and  Pleasant  Tales  (seventeenth  cen- 
tury). 

All  your  wits  that  fleer  and  rtmm, 
Down  from  dun  CjuixuU)  to  Turn  Tram. 

Prior. 

Tom  -  a  -  Thrum,  a  sprite  which 
figures  in  the  f:iiry  tales  of  the  Middle 
Ages  ;  a  "queer-looking  little  auld  man," 
whose  chief  exploits  were  in  the  vaults 
and  cellars  of  old  castles.  John  Skelton, 
speaking  of  the  clergy,  says : 

Alas  I  fur  very  shame,  some  cannot  declyno  their  name. ; 
Bome  cannot  scarsly  rede,  And  yet  will  DOl  drede 
For  to  kepo  a  euro.  ...     As  wy<e  as  T>>ni-a-Thnnn. 

Colyn  flout  (tune,  Henry  VIII.). 

Tom  o'  Bedlam,  a  ticket-of-leave 
madman  from  Bethlehem  Hospital,  or  one 
discharged  as  incurable. 

Tom  of  Ten  Thousand,  Thomas 
Thynne  ;  so  called  from  his  great  wealth. 
lie  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
but  why,  the  then  dean  has  not  thought 
fit  to  leave  on  record. 

Tom  the  Piper,  one  of  the  charac- 
ters in  the  ancient  morris-dance,  re- 
presented with  a  tabour,  tabour-stiek,  and 
pipe,  lie  carried  a  sword  and  shield.  In 
denote  his  rank  as  a  "squire  minstrel." 
His  shoes  were  brown;  his  hose   red  and 

" gimp-thighed ; "    his  hat  or  cap   ml, 

turned  up  with  yellow,  and  adorned  with 
a  feather;  his  doublet  blue,  the  sleeves 
being  turned  tip  with  yellow  ;  and  he 
wore  a  yellow  cape  over  his  shoulders. 
(See  Mo&BIS-DaNOB.) 

Tom's,  a  noted  coffee-house  in  Hirchin 
Lane,  the  usual  rendezvous  of  young 
n.erchants  at  'Change  time. 

Tomahourieh   {Mulme   J  m 
an  eld  sibyl,  aunt  of  Robin  <>::,'  M'Com- 
bich  the  Highland  drover.     Sir  \\  .  Scott, 
The  Tu-o  Drovera  (time,  George  111.). 

Tom'alin,  a  valiant  fairy  knight, 
kinsman    of    kin^   ObSron.     Tomalin    is 


not  the  same  as  "  Tom  Thumb,"  as  we  are 

illy  but  erroneously  told,  for  in  the 

ity  combat "  Tomalin  backed  Pig- 

.    while    Tom    'J'hum   or    Thumb 

seconded  king  '  Iberon.    '1  his  fairy  battle 

was  brought  about   by  the  jealousy  of 

Oberon,  who  considered  the  attentions  of 

Pigwiggen  to  queen  .Mali  were  "  I 

■M.    Drayton.    .'» 
1631). 

Tomb  {Knight  of  the),  .lames  earl   Df 
Douglas  in  disguise. 

11        -i.  ■  Dinar/  paintad  nu  to  r.-vrmi.-t 

.let  and 
its  back  piece,  "'lie  -In.  1.1  r.proenu-d  an  owl  with  m 
winga  spread—a  derlcc  which  nu  unwind  upon  tii« 
helmet  which  appeared  t"  be  eom| 
Image  ol  the  ami  bird  "f  ill  omen.  Bui  tine  which  was 
parUcularlj  calculated  t..  cxrite  surprise  in  liie 

«:l-  th,  great  height  ind  Uiii met  the  tk  ira.— 8h  W. 

Bcott,  <;uth-  l),i„,jT,tu.  ilv.  [thne,  Henry  1.). 

Tomboy    {PriscUla),   a    self-willed, 

hoydenish,  ill-educated  romp,  of  strong 
animal  spirit-, ami  wholly  unconventional. 

She    is    a    West     Indian,     [eft    under    the 

guardianship  of    Barnacle,   and   sent   to 

London  for  her  education.  Miss  Pris- 
cilla      Tomboy     lives      with      I'.am.iel.'s 

brother,  old  [Nicholas]  Cockn 
grocer,  where  she  plays  boy-and-girl 
love  with  young  Walter  Cockney,  which 
consists  chiefly  in  pettish  quarrels  and 
persona]  insolence.  Subsequently  >he 
runs  off  with  captain  Sightly,  but.  the 
captain  behaves  well  by  presenting  him- 
self next  day  to  the  guardian,  and  obtain- 
ing his  consent  to  marriage.— The  Romp 
(altered  from  Bickerskul's  Love  . 
CUy). 

Tomes    [75-tnay],   one   of    the    the 
physicians  called    in    by   Sganarelle   to 

consult   on    the    malady    of   his    daughter 

Lucinde  (2 syl.).  Being  told  that  a  coach- 
man he  was  attending  was  dead  and 
buried,  the  doctor  asserted   it  to   be  quite 

impossible,  as  the  coachman  had  been  ill 
only    Bis    days,    ami    Hippocrates    had 

positively  staled    that    the   disorder  would 

not  come  to  iis  height  till  the  fourteenth 
day.  The  five  doctors  meet  in  consulta- 
tion, talk  of  the  town  gossip,  their 
medical  experience,  their  \  i-ils,  an\  limit:, 
ill  short,  except  the  patient.  At  length 
the  lather  enters  to  inquire  what  deci- 
sion they  had  comi 

must  have  an  emetic,  M.  romea  says  ihe 
must    be   bio, . di. I:   one  says   an  emetic 

will  be  her  death,  the  other  that  bll 
will  infallibly  kill  her. 

:«  m  f  thai  Milkier  tout  a  rbenro  Tou-e 
■  mofta. 

I-  la  f  tites  ssdgner,  alio  ue  ami 
.Luis  un  quart  d -licuro. 


TOMKINS. 


1016 


TOOTH. 


And  they  quit  the  house  in  great  anger 
(act  ii.  4). — Molicre,  L'Amoure  Me'decin 
(1605). 

M.  Tomes  liked  correctness  In  medical  practice. — Ma- 
caulay. 

Tomkins  (Joseph),  secret  emissary 
of  Cromwell.  He  was  formerly  Philip 
Hazeldine,  alias  Master  Fibbet,  secretary 
to  colonel  Desborough  (one  of  the  parlia- 
mentary commissioners). — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Tom'yris,  queen  of  the  MassagStae. 
She  defeated  Cyrus,  who  had  invaded  her 
kingdom,  and,  having  slain  him,  threw 
his  head  into  a  vessel  filled  with  human 
blood,  saying,  "  It  was  blood  you  thirsted 
for  ;  now  take  your  (ill '  " 

Great  hronzo  valves  embossed  with  Tomyrls. 

Tennyson,  The  Princat.  r. 
[f]  was  shown  the  scath  and  cruel  mangling  made 
By  Toinyris  on  Cyrus,  when  slit-  cried, 
"  Blood  thou  didst  thirst  for  ;  take  thy  fill  of  blood  !  " 
Danti,  Purgatory,  xiL  (1308). 

Ton-Iosal  was  so  heary  and  un- 
wieldy that  when  he  sat  down  it  took 
the  whole  force  of  a  hundred  men  to 
set  him  upright  on  his  feet  again. — The 
Fiona. 

If  Fion  was  remarkable  for  his  stature,  ...  In  weight 
all  yielded  to  the  celebrated  Ton-Iosal.— J.  Macpherson, 
IHuertation  on  Ourian. 

Ton-Thena  {"fire  of  the  wave"),  a 
remarkable  star  which  guided  Larthon  to 

Ireland,  as  mentioned  in  ( issian's  Tem'ora, 
vii.,  and  called  in  C'athlin  of  Clut/ui,  "the 
red  traveller  of  the  clouds. *' 

Tonio,  a  young  Tyrolesc,  who  saved 
Maria,  the  suttler-girl,  when  on  the  point 
of  falling  down  a  precipice.  The  two,  of 
course,  fall  in  love  with  each  other,  and 
the  regiment,  which  had  adopted  the 
Buttler-girl,   consents   to  their  marriage, 

Krovided  Tonio  will  enlist  under  its  llag. 
fo  sooner  is  this  done  than  the  mar- 
chioness of  Perkenfield  lays  claim  to  Maria 
as  her  daughter,  and  removes  her  to  the 
castle.  In  time,  the  castle  is  besieged  and 
taken  by  the  very  regiment  into  which 
Tonio  had  enlisted,  and,  as  Tonio  had 
risen  to  the  rank  of  a  French  officer,  the 
marchioness  consents  to  his  marriage  with 
her  daughter. — Donizetti,  La  Fi-jlia  del 
Reggimento  (1840). 

Tonna  (Mrs.),  Charlotte  Elizabeth 
(lT;ci-1846). 

Tonto  (Don  Cherubin),  canon  of  Tole'- 
d<  .  the  weakest  mortal  in  the  world, 
though,  by  his  smirking  air,  you  would 
fancy  him  a  wit.  When  he  hears  a  deli- 
cate  performance   read,   he   listens  with 


such  attention  as  seems  full  of  intelli- 
gence, but  all  the  while  he  understand* 
nothing  of  the  matter. — Lesage,  Gil  Bias, 
v.  12  (1724). 

Tonton,  the  smallest  dog  that  ever 
existed.  When  the  three  princes  of  a 
certain  king  were  sent  to  procure  the 
tiniest  dog  they  could  find  as  a  present  to 
their  aged  father,  the  White  Cat  gave  the 
youngest  of  them  a  dog  so  small  that  it 
was  packed  in  wadding  in  a  common 
acorn  shell. 

As  soon  as  the  acorn  was  opened,  they  all  saw  a  Httla 
dog  laid  in  cotton,  and  so  small  it  might  jump  through  a 
Anger-ring  without  touching  it.  .  .  .  It  was  a  mixture  of 
several  colours  ;  its  ears  and  long  hair  reached  to  the 
ground.  The  prince  set  It  on  tho  ground,  and  forthwith 
the  tiny  creature  heitan  to  dance  a  saraband  with  casta- 
nets.—Coiutesse  D'Aunoy,  fairy  Tale*  I"  The  Whit*  Cat," 

Tony  Lumpkin,  a  young  booby, 
f  Hid  of  practical  jokes  and  low  company. 
He  was  the  son  of  Mrs.  Ilardcastle  by  her 
tirst  husband. — Goldsmith,  She  stoops  to 
<  'onqucr  (1773). 

Toodle,  engine-fireman,  an  honest 
fellow,  very  proud  of  his  wife  Polly  and 
her  family. 

I'olhj  T'todle,  known  by  the  name  of 
Richards,  wife  of  the  stoker.  Polly  was 
an  apple-faced  woman,  and  was  mother 
of  a  large  apple-faced  family.  This 
jolly,  homely,  kind-hearted  matron  was 
selected  as  the  nurse  of  l'aul  Dombey.  and 
soon  became  devotedly  attached  to  Paul 
and  his  sister  Florence. 

ilootn  Toodle,  known  as  "The  Biler" 
or  "  Rob  the  Grinder,"  eldest  son  of  Mrs. 
Toodle  wet-nurse  of  Paul  Dombey.  Mr. 
Dombey  gets  Robin  into  an  institution 
called  "  The  Charitable  Grinders,"  where 
the  worst  part  of  the  boy's  character  is 
freely  developed.  Robin  becomesa  sneak, 
and  enters  the  service  of  James  Carker, 
manager  of  the  firm  of  Dombey  and 
Son.  On  the  death  of  Carker,  Robin 
enters  the  service  of  Miss  Lucrctia  Tox. 
— C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Tooley  Street,  London  ;  a  corrup- 
tion of  St.  Olaf.  Similarly,  Taudry  is  a 
corruption  of  St.  Audrv,  St.  Tibs  of  St. 
Ubes,  and  St.  Telders  of  St.  Ethelred. 

Tooni  Tabard  ("empty  jacket"),  a 
nickname  given  to  John  lialliol,  because 
his  appointment  to  the  sovereignty  of 
Scotland  was  an  empty  name.  He  had 
the  royal  robe  or  jacket,  but  nothing  else 
(1259,  1292-1314). 

Tooth  (A  Wolfs).  At  one  time  a 
wolf's  tooth  was  worn  as  an  amulet  b» 
childron  to  charm  away  fear. 


TOOTH  WORSHIP!'!'.!). 


1017 


TORMES. 


Tooth  Worshipped  (A).  The 
people  of  Ceylon  worship  the  tooth  of  an 
elephant ;  those  of  Malabar  the  tooth  of  a 
monkey.  The  Siamese  once  offered  a 
Portuguese  700,000  ducats  for  the  re- 
demption of  a  monkey's  tooth. 

Tooth-picks.  The  Romans  used 
tooth-picks  made  of  mastic  wood  in  pre- 
ference to  quills ;  hence  Rabelais  says  that 
prince  Gargantua  "  picked  his  teeth  with 
mastic  tooth-pickers"  (s'escuroit  les  dents 
avecques  ung  trou  de  lentisce),  bk.  i.  23. 

Lentiscuin  melius  ;  sed  si  tibi  frondea  cuspls 
Defuerit,  dentes,  penna.  levare  notes. 

Martial,  Epigram*,  xx.  24 

Toots  {Mr.),  an  innocent,  warm- 
hearted young  man,  just  burst  from  the 
bonds  of  Dr.  Slimbcr's  school,  and  deeply 
in  love  with  Florence  Dombey.  He  is 
famous  for  blushing,  refusing  what  lie 
lungs  to  accept,  and  for  saying,  "Oh, 
it  is  of  no  consequence."  Being  very 
nervous,  he  never  appears  to  advantage, 
but  in  the  main  "  there  were  few  better 
fellows  in  the  world." 

"  1  assure  vou,"  said  Mr.  Toots,  "  really  I  am  dreadfully 
lorry,  but  it's  of  no  consequence." — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Son,  xxviii.  (1840). 

Topas  (Sir),  a  native  of  Poperyng, 
in  Flanders  ;  a  capital  sportsman,  archer, 
wrestler,  and  runner.  Chaucer  calls  him 
1  sir  Thopas  "  (<].v.). 

Topas  (Sir).  Sir  Charles  Dilke  was  so 
called  by  the  Army  and  Navy  Gazette, 
November  25,  1871  (1810-1869). 

Topham  (Master  Charles),  usher  of 
the  black  rod.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Peverti  of 
the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

To'phet,  "the  place  of  drums,"  from 
toph  ("a  drum").  So  called  in  allusion 
to  the  drums  and  timbrels  sounded  in  the 
valley  of  Hinnom  to  drown  the  cries  of 
children  sacrificed  to  this  idol.  Solomon 
introduced  the  worship,  and  built  a  temple 
to  Moloch  on  the  Mount  of  Olives,  "  that 
opprobious  hill"  (1  Kings  xi.  7).  The 
valley  of  Hinnom  is  called  Gehenna,  and 
is  made  in  the  New  Testament  a  "type 
of  hell." 

.  .  .  the  wisest  lieart 
Of  Solomon  he  led  I'V  fraud  to  build 
His  temple  right  against  the  temp  e  .>fGod 
Ou  thai  opprobious  hill ;  and  mad.-  his  grow 
The  pleasant  ndleyot  Hinnom,  Ibphet  thence 
And  black  Gehenna  called,  the  type  "f  hell. 

Md.ou,  ParadU*  Lost,  i.  400,  etc.  (1UC5). 

Topsy,  a  young  slave-girl,  who  never 
anew  whether  she  had  either  father  or 
mother,  an. 1  being  asked  by  Miss  Ophelia 
St.  Clare  how  she  supposed  she  came  into 
the  world,  replied,  "1  'spects  I  growed."— 


Mrs.  Heecher  Stowe,   Uncle  Tom's  Cabin 
(1852). 

Tor  (Sir),  the  natural  son  of  king 
Pellinore  and  the  wife  of  Aries  the 
cowherd.  He  was  the  first  of  the  knights 
of  the  Round  Table.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Prince  Arthur,  i.  24  (1470). 

Toralva  (Tfte  licentiate),  mounted 
on  a  cane,  was  conveyed  through  the  air 
with  his  eyes  shut ;  in  twelve  hours  he 
arrived  at  Rome,  and  the  following  morn- 
ing returned  to  Madrid.  During  his 
flight  he  opened  his  eyes  once,  and  found 
himself  so  near  the  moon  that  he  could 
have  touched  i.  with  his  linger. — Cer- 
vantes, Don  Quixote,  II.  iii.  5  (1615). 
(See  Tokralba.) 

Torch-Race.  On  the  eve  of  the 
Panatheruea,  there  was  a  torch-race  in 
ancient  Greece,  in  which  the  runners  weru 
expected  in  succession  to  carry  a  lighted 
torch  without  allowing  the  flame  to 
become  extinguished.  Each  passed  it  in 
turn,  and  each  received  it.  Plato 
vi.)  compares  the  transmission  of  life  to 
a  torch-race,  and  Lucretius  has  the  Bame 
idea:  "  Et  quasi  cursores  vital  Lampada 
trudunt"  (De  Berum  Natura,  ii.  •  <  ). 
Thomas  Moore  says  the  nations  of  Europe 
caught  up  the  love  of  liberty  from  Eng- 
land, as  the  runners  in  a  torch-race  handed 
the  lighted  brand  from  one  to  another, 
(See  Lempriere,  art.  "Prometheus.") 

As  at  old  games  a  runner  snatched  the  torch 
From  runner. 

R.  Browning,  Piiraceliut,  U. 

Twas  like  a  torch-race,  such  as  they 

Of  Greece  performed  In  ogee  .'me. 
When  the  licet  youths,  in  long  array, 

Passed  th>-  bright  torch  triumphant  on. 
I  saw  the  expectant  nations  stand 

To  catch  the  coming  Ham,'  in  turn. 
I  saw,  from  read)  bond  t"  bond, 

The  clear  but  straggling  nK.ry  burn. 

T.  Moore,  Th*  Terek  o/  uu-rty  (lsn) 

Tordenskiol  [Ibr'.dsn.stefo]  or  tho 
"Thunder-Shield.*'  So  Peder  VVesBel 
vice-admiral  of  Denmark  (in  the  reign  of 
Christian  V.)  was  called.  He  was 
brought  up  as  a  tailor,  and  died  in  a 
duel. 

From  Denmark  thunders  Tnrdcn<kinl| 
Lei  i  at  ii  to  beaten  commend  his  soul, 

And  fly. 

Longfellow,  Kinj  Christian  [r.|> 

Torfe  (Mr.  George),  provost  of  Ork- 
ney.—Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Pirate  (time, 
William  111.). 

Tonnes  (Lazarillo  de),  by  Diego 
Iluriado  de  Mendoza  (sixteenth  century)  ; 
a  kind  of  Gil  Bias,  whose  adventures  and 
roguish  tricks  are  the  lirstof  a  very  popular 


TORMOT. 


1018 


TOTHILL. 


sort  of  novel  called  the  Gusto  Picaresco. 
Lesage  has  imitated  it  in  his  Gil  Bias, 
and  we  have  numberless  imitations  in  our 
own  language.    (See  Tyll  Owlyglass.) 

The  ideal  Yankee,  in  whom  European  prejudice  has 
combined  the  attractive  traits  of  a  Gines  de  Pasmmonte, 
a  Joseph  Surface,  a  Lazarillo  de  Tonnes,  a  Scapin.  a 
Tuersites,  and  an  Autolycus. — W.  H.  Hurlbut. 

%*  "  Gines  de  Passamonte,"  in  Don 
Quixote,  by  Cervantes;  "Joseph  Sur- 
face," in  The  School  for  Scandal,  by 
Sheridan  ;  "  Scapin,"  in  Lcs  Fourberies  de 
Scapin,  by  Moliere ;  "Thersites,"  in 
Homers  Iliad,  i.  ;  "Autolycus,"  in  the 
Winter's  Tale,  by  Shakespeare. 

Tormot,  youngest  son  of  Torqnil  of 
the  Oak  (foster-father  of  Eachin  M'lan). 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Torne'a,  a  lake  or  rather  a  river  of 
Sweden,  which  runs  into  the  gulf  of 
Bothnia. 

Still  pressing  on  beyond  Tornea's  lake. 

Thomson,  The  Setuvnt  ("  Winter,"  1726). 

Tor'neo,  a  town  in  Finland.  Often 
visited  by  travellers,  who  can  there 
witness  the  singular  phenomenon  of  the 
sun  remaining  above  the  horizon  both  day 
and  night  at  the  summer  solstice.  It 
belongs  now  to  Russia. 

Cold  as  the  rocks  on  Tornco's  hoary  brow. 

Campbell.  I'leaturet  of  llot>t.  ii.  11799). 
We  find  our  author  [A.  F.  Skioldcbrand]  pursuing  Ids 
Journey  northwards,  .  .  .  and  his  description  of  the 
entrance  tato  Westrobotbnii  gives  us  a  high  idea  of 
the  richness  of  Uie  country  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Xurneo.— (jwirCcrly  ttcvieto.  April,  1814. 

Torquato,  that  is,  Torquato  Tasso,  the 
Italian  poet,  author  of  Jerusalem  Delivered 
(1544-1595).  After  the  publication  of 
Ills  great  epic,  Tasso  lived  in  the  court 
of  Ferrara,  and  conceived  a  violent  passion 
for  Leonora,  one  of  the  duke's  sisters,  but 
tied,  in  1577,  to  Naples. 

Torquato's  tongue 
Was  tuned  for  slavish  paians  at  the  throne 
Of  tins.  1  pomp. 
Aki-nside,  I'lauurtM  of  Imagination,   II.   (1744). 

Torquil  of  the  Oak,  foster-father 
of  Eachin  M'lan.  He  was  chief  of  the 
clan  Quhele,  and  had  eight  sons,  the 
finest  men  in  the  clan.  Torquil  was  a 
seer,  who  was  supposed  to  have  com- 
munication with  the  invisible  world,  and 
he  declared  a  demon  had  told  him  that 
Eachin  or  Hector  M'lan  was  the  only 
man  ir  the  two  hostile  clans  of  Chattan 
Rnd  Quhele  who  would  come  off  seath- 
loss  in  the  approaching  combat (ch.xxvi.). 
—  Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

A  narallil  combat  is  described  in   The 


Cid.  When  Sanch  c  of  Castile  was  stabbed 
by  llellido  of  Zamora,  Diego  Ordouez,  of 
the  house  of  Lara,  challenged  rive  of  the 
knights  of  Zamora  to  single  combat. 
Don  Arias  Gonzalo  and  his  four  sons 
accepted  the  challenge.  Pedro  Arias 
was  first  slain,  then  his  brother  Diego. 
Next  came  Herman,  who  received  a 
mortal  wound,  but  struck  the  charger  of 
Diego  Ordonez.  The  charger,  furious 
with  pain,  carried  its  rider  beyond  the 
lists,  and  the  combat  was  declared  to  be 
drawn. 

Torralba  (Dr.),  carried  by  the  spirit 
Cequiel  from  Valladolid  to  Rome  and 
back  again  in  an  hour  and  a  half.  He 
was  tried  by  the  Inquisition  for  sorcery 
(time,  Charles  V.). — Joseph  de  Ossau 
Pelliccr  (seventeenth  century).  (See 
Toralva.) 

Torre  (Sir),  son  of  sir  Bernard,  baron 
of  Astolat.  His  brother  was  sir  Lavaine, 
and  his  sister  Elaine  "the  lily  maid  of 
Astolat."  He  was  blunt-mannered,  but 
not  without  kindness  of  heart. — Tenny- 
son, Idylls  of  the  King  ("  Elaine  "). 

The  word  "Torre"  isablunderforTirre. 
Sir  Torre  or  Tor,  according  to  Arthurian 
legend,  was  the  natural  son  of  Pellinore 
king  of  'Wales,  "  begotten  on  Aries'  wife, 
the  cowherd  "  (pt.  ii.  108).  It  was  sir  Tirre 
who  was  the  brother  of  Elaine  (pt.  iii. 
122). — Sir  T.  Malorv,  History  of  Prince 
Arthur  (1470). 

Tor'rismond,  general  of  the  forces 
of  Aragon.  He  falls  in  love  with  Leonora 
the  usurping  queen,  promised  in  marriage 
to  Rcrtran  prince  of  the  blood-royal,  but 
she  falls  in  love  with  Torrismond,  who 
turns  out  to  be  the  son  of  Sancho  the 
deposed  king.  Ultimately,  Sancho  is 
restored,  and  Leonora  is  married  to  Tor- 
rismond.— Dryden,  The  Spanish  Fryar 
(1680). 

Torso  Farna'se  (3  syl.),  Dirce  and 
her  sons,  the  work  of  Appollonius  and 
Tauriscus  of  Rhodes. 

Toshach  Beg,  the  "  second "  of 
M'Gillie  Chattanach  chief  of  the  clan 
Chattan,  in  the  great  combat. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henrv 
IV.). 

Tothill  or  Tuttle,  Westminster, 
said  to  be  a  corruption  of  Teut'sllill,  i.e. 
the  Saxon  god  Mercury,  called  Teut. 
"  Hermit's  Hill*'  or  "  Ermin's  Hill,"  in 
the  vicinity,  is  said  to  be  the  same  word 
under  the  corrupted  classic  form  of 
IlermOs,  which  also  means  Mercury. 


TOTTENHAM  IN  BOOTS. 


1019 


TOUCHSTONE. 


Tottenham  in  Boots,  a  popular 
toast  in  Ireland  in  1731.  Mr.  Tottenham 
rave  the  casting  vote  which  throw  out  a 
Government  lull  very  obnoxious  to  the 

Irish,  on  the  subject  of  the  Irish  parlia- 
ment. He  had  come  from  the  country, 
and  rushed  into  the  House,  without 
changing  his  boots,  just  in  time  to  give 
his  vote,  which  prevented  the  bill  from 
passing  by  a  majority  of  one. 

Totterly  (Lord),  an  Adonis  of  GO, 
and  a  ci-devant  Jeune  Homme. — C.  Selby, 
Tlu  Unfinished  Gentleman. 

Tottipottymoy,   a  "Hoghan  Mo- 

ghan,"  or  mock  mightiness,  like  the 
mayor  of  Garratt,  or  the  king  of  the 
Cannibal  Islands. 

The  mighty  Tottipottymoy 
Sent  to  our  elders  an  envoy. 
Complaining  sorely  of  the  breach 
01  league. 

8.  BuUer.  Iludibrat.  ti.  2  (1664). 

Touch,  quality.  "  Of  noble  touch," 
of  noble  quality.  The  reference  is  to  the 
touchstone  by  which  gold  is  tried.  Gold 
articles  made  according  to  the  rules  of 
alloy  are  called  of  "  a  true  touch."  The 
"touch  of  Pans"  is  spoken  of  in  1300: 
"  Laquelle  touche  passe  tous  les  ors  dont 
Ton  ceuvre  en  tous  pays."  In  1697  two 
goldsmiths  were  sentenced  to  the  pillory 
for  making  false  plate  and  counterfeiting 
"  her  majesty's  touch." 

The  lapis  Lijdius  or  touchstone  is 
touched  by  the  gold,  and  leaves  a  mark 
behind,  the  colour  of  which  indicates  its 
purity. 

Gold  is  tried  by  the  touchstone  and  men  by  gold. — 
Bacon. 

Touchet  [Too-sha;/].  When  Charles 
IX.  introduced  Henri  of  Navarre  to  Marie 
Touchet,  the  witty  Navarresc  made  this 
anagram  on  her  name,  Je  charme  t'>nt. 

Touchfaucet   (Captain),   in    Picro- 

chole's  army,  taken  captive  by  friar  John. 
Being  presented  to  Grangousier  and 
asked  the  cause  of  his  king's  invasion, 
he  replied,  "To  avenge  the  injury  done  to 
the  cake-bakers  of  Lem§"  (ch.  25,  26). 
Grangousier  commanded  his  treasurer  to 
give  the  friar  62,000  saints  (£15,500)  in 
teward,  and  to  Touchfaucet  he  gave  "an 
excellent  Bword  of  a  Vienne  blade,  with 
a  gold  Bcabbard,  and  a  collar  of  gold 
weighing  702,000  merks  (576,000  ounces), 
garnished  with  precious  stones,  and  valued 
at  £16,000  sterling,  by  way  of  present." 
Returning  to  king  Picrochole,  he  advised 

him  to  capitulate,  whereupon  Rashcalf 
cried  aloud,    "Unhappy    the   prince   who 


has  traitors  for  his  counsellors!"  and 
Touchfaucet,  drawing  "his  new  sword," 
ran  him  through  the  body.  The  king 
demanded  who  gave  him   the  sword,  and 

being  told  the  truth,  ordered  his  guards 

"to  hew  him  in  pieces." — Rabelais,  Gar- 
gantua,  i.  45-47  (1533). 

Touching  for  the  King's  Evil. 
It  is  said  that  scrofulous  diseases  were  at 
one  time  very  prevalent  in  the  island, 
and  that  Edward  the  Confessor,  in  answer 
to  earnest  prayer,  was  told  it  would  bo. 
cured  by  the  royal  touch.  Edward,  being 
gifted  with  this  miraculous  power,  trans- 
mitted it  as  an  heir-loom  to  his  succes- 
sors. Henry  VII.  presented  each  person 
touched  with  a  small  coin,  called  a  touch- 
piece  or  touch-penny. 

Charles  II.  of  England,  during  hi* 
reign,  touched  as  many  as  92,107  persons; 
the  smallest  number  (2983)  being  in  the 
year  1669,  and  the  largest  number  in 
1684,  when  many  were  trampled  to  death 
(see  Macaulay's  History  of  England,  xiv.). 
In  these  "touchings,"  John  Brown,  a 
royal  surgeon,  superintended  the  cere- 
mony.    (See  Uacbi  th,  act  iv.  sc.  3.) 

Prince  Charles  Edward,  who  claimed 
to  be  prince  of  Wales,  touched  a  female 
child  for  the  disease  in  1745. 

The  French  kings  claimed  the  same 
divine  power  from  Anne  of  Clovis,  a.k. 
481.  And  on  Easter  Sunday,  1686, 
Louis  XIV.  touched  1600,  using  these 
words,  Lc  roy  te  touche,  Dieu  I 

%*  Dr.  Johnson  was  the  la<t    person 
touched.     The  touch-piece  given  to  him 
has  on   one   side   this   legend,    8o 
gloria,  and  on  the  other  side,  Anna.  !>:<i. 
M.  I'll.  /•';  et  U.  REG.  c  Anne,   by  the 
grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Ireland,  queen"). 
Our  good  Edward  he,  the  Contenor  and  king  .  .  . 
I  •  mi  evil  aired,  bred  *twtxt  the  throat  and  Jawj, 

When  physic  could  not  tlnd  the  remedy  nor  ow 
He  of  Almighty  God  obtained  bj  earned  prayer, 
Tin-  tumour  bj  ■  king  might  cured  be  alone, 

Which  ho  an  heirloom  led  Unto  I  (no, 

Draj  ton,  Pv  > 

Touching  Glasses  in  drinking 
healths. 

Whan  prince  CharlM  passwl  over  Into  France,  after  thn 

oj   the  i  v|..  dltion   In   1718,   hi*  mpporti  n  m  re 

beset  with  jplei  on   everj  band,    It  n  happened  that 

T.i    ilnnk 

the  kind's  health,  bul  it  wai  tacitly  undent I  that  "the 

.king"  m.  not  kim-  George,    bul   "the   kim:  over  tU<- 
water."  lb  axpn 
iivit  another,  and  later  down,  U 
touched  igalnal  ii"'  thh  ol  another^— /Mm  and 
I  ..;..  Oi  tobi  r,  185S. 

Touchstone,  a  clown  filled  with 
"quips  and  cranks  and  wanton  wiles." 
The  original  ol   this  character  was  Tarl- 


TOUCHWOOD. 


1020 


TOWEL. 


ton,  the  favourite  court  jester  of  queen 
Elizabeth. — Shakespeare,  As  You  Like  It 
(1598). 

His  famous  speech  is  "the  seven 
degrees  of  affront:"  (1)  the  retort 
courteous,  (2)  the  quip  modest,  (3)  the 
reply  churlish,  (4)  the  reproof  valiant,  (5) 
the  counter-check  quarrelsome,  (6)  the  lie 
circumstantial,  and  (7)  the  lie  direct  (act 
v.  sc.  4). 

Tarhton  [1B30-1688]  was  Inimitable  In  such  ports  as 
"  Launcelot  "  in  Uio  Merchant  of  Ym&QB [BhaJLtipwu*] 
and  "Touchstone."  For  these  clowns'  parts  he  never  hud 
to  eqt-al,  and  never  will  luive. — baker.  Chronicle*. 

Touchwood  (Colonel),  "the  most 
passionate,  impatient,  unreasonable,  good- 
natured  man  in  Christendom."  Uncle  of 
major  and  Clarissa  Touchwood. 

Sophia  Touchwood,  the  colonel's  daugh- 
ter, in  love  with  her  cousin,  major 
Touchwood.  Her  father  wants  her  to 
marry  colonel  Clifford,  but  the  colonel 
has  fixed  his  heart  on  Clarissa,  the  major's 
sister. 

Major  Touchwood,  nephew  of  colonel 
Touchwood,  and  in  love  with  his  cousin 
Sophia,  the  colonel's  daughter.  He 
Fancied  that  colonel  Clifford  was  his  rival, 
but  Clifford  was  in  love  with  Clarissa,  the 
major's  sister.  This  error  forms  the  plot 
of  the  farce,  and  the  mistakes  which 
arise  when  the  major  dresses  up  to  pass 
himself  off  for  his  uncle  constitute  its 
fun  and  entanglement. 

Clarissa  Touchwood,  the  major's  sister, 
in  love  with  colonel  Clifford.  Tiny  first 
met  at  Brighton,  and  the  colonel  thought 
her  Christian  name  was  Sophia;  hence  the 
major  looked  on  him  as  a  rival. — T. 
Dibdin,   What  Nextt 

Touchwood  (Lord),  uncle  of  Melle'font 

(2S.!//.). 

Lady  Touchwood,  his  wife,  sister  of  sir 
Paul  i'liunt.     She  entertaiqs  a  criminal 

Eassion  for  her  nephew  Mellefont,  and, 
ecause  he  repels  her  advances,  vows 
to  ruin  him.  Accordingly,  she  tells  her 
husband  that  the  young  man  has  sought 
to  dishonour  her,  and  when  his  lordship 
fancies  that  the  statement  of  his  wife 
must  be  greatly  overstated,  he  finds 
Mellefont  with  lady  Touchwood  in  her 
own  private  chamber.  This  seems  to 
corroborate  the  accusation  laid  to  his 
charge,  but  it  was  an  artful  trick  of 
Mask  well's  to  make  mischief,  and  in  a 
short  time  a  conversation  which  he  over- 
heart  between  huh'  Touchwood  and  Mask- 
well  reveals  the  infamous  scheme  most 
fullv  to  him. — Congreve,  The  Double 
Dealer  (1700). 


(Lord  and  lady  Touchwood  must  not 
be  mistaken  for  sir  George  and  lady 
Frances  Touchwood,  which  are  very  dif- 
ferent characters.) 

Their  Wildairs,  sir  John  Brutes,  lady  Touchwoods,  and 
Mrs.  Frails  are  conventional  reproductions  of  those  wild 
gallants  and  demireps  which  figure  in  the  licentious 
dramas  of  Dryden  and  ShadwelL— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Drama. 

***  "  Wildair,"  in  The  Constant  Couple, 
by  Farquhar ;  "Brute,"  in  The  Pro- 
voked Wife,  by  Vanbrugh ;  "Mrs. 
Frail,"  in  Love  for  Love,  by  Congreve. 

Touchwood  (Sir  George),  the  loving 
husband  of  lady  Frances,  desperately 
jealous  of  her,  and  wishing  to  keep  her 
out  of  all  society,  that  she  may  not  los* 
her  native  simplicity  and  purity  of  mind. 
Sir  George  is  a  true  gentleman  of  most 
honourable  feelings. 

Lady  Frances  Touchwood,  the  sweet, 
innocent  wife  of  sir  George  Touchwood. 
Before  her  marriage  she  was  brought  up 
in  seclusion  in  the  country,  and  sir  George 
tries  to  keep  her  fresh  and  pure  in  Lon- 
don.— Mrs.  Cowley,  The  Belle's  Strata- 
gem (1780). 

The  calm  anil  lovely  Innocence  of  lady  Touchwood  could 
t'V  n-<l*-!\  In*  so  happily  represented  as  by  this  actress 
[Jfr«.  Hartley,  1751-1»»4J.— T.  Davies. 

1'ouchwood  (Peregrine),  a  touchy  old 
East  Indian,  a  relation  of  the  Mowbray 
family. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  liviutn's  Weil 
(time,  George  III.). 

Tough  (Mr.),  an  old  barrister. — Sir 
W.Scott,  BedgaunUei  (time,  George  III.). 

Touran.  The  death  of  the  children 
of  Touran  forms  one  of  the  three  tragic 
stories  of  the  ancient  Irish.  The  oilier 
two  are  The  TKath  of  the  Children  of  Lir, 
and  'The  Death  of  the  Children  of  ifsnach. 

Tournemine  (3  syl.),  a  Jesuit  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  fond  of  the  mar- 
vellous. "  II  aimait  le  merveilleux  et 
ne  renoneait  qu'  avec  peine  a  y  croire." 

11  ressemble  a  Tournemine, 
II  emu  ce  qu'U  imagine. 

French  Proverb. 

Tours,  in  France,  according  to  fable, 
is  so  called  from  Turones,  a  nephew  of 
Brute  the  mythical  king  of  Britain. 

In  the  party  of  Brutus  was  one  Turones,  his  nephew. 
Inferior  to  none  in  courage  and  strength,  from  wl  ma 
Tours  derived  its  name,  being  toe  place  of  his  sepultcte. 
— Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  lirtlith  Uittory  11142). 

Touthope  (Mr.),  a  Scotch  attorney 
and  clerk  of  the  peace. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Hob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Towel  (An  Oaken),  a  cudgel.  "  lo 
be  rubbed  down  with  an  oaken  towel"  ii 
to  be  well  basted. 


TOWER  OF  HUNGER. 


1021 


TRADELOVE. 


8he  ordered  the  feliow  to  be  drawn  through  a  horse- 
pond,  and  then  to  t)e  well  rulilird  down  with  an  oaken 
towel. — The  Adventure  u/  Mf  -t  un*. 

Tower  of  Hunger  (TJie),  Gualandi, 
the  tower  in  which  ugollno  with  his  two 

eons  and  two  grandsons  were  starved  to 
death  in  1288.— Dante,  Inferno  (1300). 

Tower  of  London  ( The)  was  really 
built  by  Gundulphus  bishop  of  Rochester, 
in  the  reign  of  William  I.,  but  tradition 
ascribes  it  to  Julius  Ciesar. 

Yc  towers  of  Julius,  London's  lasting  shame. 

Gray,  The  Hard  (1757). 

Tower  of  Vathek,  built  with  the 
intention  of  reaching  heaven,  that  Vathek 
might  pry  into  the  secrets  seen  by  Ma- 
homet. The  staircase  contained  11,000 
stairs,  and  when  the  top  was  gained  men 
looked  no  bigger  than  pismires,  and 
cities  seemed  mere  bee-hives. — Bcckford, 
Vathek  (1781). 

Townley  Mysteries,  certain  re- 
ligious dramas  ;  so  called  because  the  MS. 
containing  them  belonged  to  P.  Townley. 
These  dramas  are  supposed  to  have  been 
acted  at  Widkirk  Abbey,  in  Yorkshire. 
In  1831  they  were  printed  for  the  Surtces 
Society,  under  the  editorship  of  the  Lev. 
Joseph  Hunter  and  J.  Stevenson.  (See 
Coventry  Mysteries.) 

Townly  (Colonel),  attached  to  Berin- 
thia,  a  handsome  young  widow,  but  in 
order  to  win  her  he  determines  to  excite 
her  jealousy,  and  therefore  pretends  love 
to  Amanda",  her  cousin.  Amanda,  how- 
ever, repels  his  attentions  with  disdain  ; 
and  the  colonel,  seeing  his  folly,  attaches 
himself  to  Berinthia. — Sheridan,  A  Trip 
to  Scarborough  (1777). 

Townly  (Lord),  a  nobleman  of  generous 
mind  and  high  principle,  liberal  and 
manly.  Though  very  fond  of  his  wife, 
he  insists  on  a  separation,  because  she  is 
so  extravagant  and  self-willed.  Lady 
Townly  sees,  at  length,  the  folly  of  her 
ways,  "and  promises  amendment,  where- 
upon the  husband  relents,  and  receives 
her  into  favour  again. 

Tho  London  critics  acknowledged  that  J.  0.  Hotmail's 
"lord  Townly  "  was  the  perfection  of  t lie  nobleman  ■■< 
(he  day*  of  Chesterfield.     He  was  Dot  the  actor,  but  the 

Jtgiiitied  lord  himself.  — Donaldson. 

Lady  Tbumly,  the  gay  but  not  unfaith- 
ful young  wife  Of  lord  Townly,  who 
thinks  that  the  pleasure  of  life  consists 
in  gambling  ;  she  "cans  nothing  for  her 

husband,"  but  "  loves  almost  everything 
be  hates."     She  sa\  s  : 

I  dote  Dpon  assemblies;  iny  heart  bounds  at  a  ball; 
and  at  an  opera  1  expire.  Then  I  love  pla)  to  distraction  ; 
•  anls  enchant  me  ;  and  dice  put  nie  out  of  no  little  wiu. 


— Vanbrugh  and  Cibber.  Th*  Provoked  Ilutband,  111  1 
(172S). 

The  part  which  at  once  established  her  [iliu  rirren'i] 
fame  as  an  actn  u  »:i>  "tad*  Townly  "  .  .  .  the  whole 
enraptured.— Jfsmolr  of  MHmtieth  Countcu  o/ 
Derby  118S8). 

(Mrs.  Pritchard,  Margaret  Woffington, 
Miss  Brunton,  Miss  M.  Tree,  and  Miss 
E.  Tree  were  all  excellent  in  this 
favourite  part.) 

Tox  (Miss  Lucretia),  the  bosom  friend 
of  Mr.  Dombey's  married  sister  iMrs. 
Chick).  Miss  Lucretia  was  a  faded  lady, 
"as  if  she  had  not  been  made  in  fast 
colours,"'  and  was  washed  out.  Sho 
"ambled  through  life  without  any 
opinions,  and  never  abandoned  herself 
to    unavailing     regrets."       She     greatly 

admired   Mr.  Dombey,  and  entertai I  :\ 

forlorn  hope  that  she  might  be  selected 
by  him  to  supply  the  place  of  his  de- 
ceased wife.  Miss  Tox  lived  in  Princess's 
Place,  and  maintained  a  weak  flirtation 
with  a  major  Bagstock,  who  was  very 
jealous  of  Mr.  Dombey. — C.  Dickens, 
Dombey  and  Son  (1840). 

Tozer,  one  of  the  ten  young  gentle- 
men in  the  school  of  Dr.  l'.limber  when 
Paul  Dombey  was  there.  A  very  solemn 
lad,  whose  "shirt-collar  curled  up  the 
lobes  of  his  ears." — C.  Dickens,  Dombey 
and  Son  (184G). 

Trabb,  a  prosperous  old  bachelor,  a 
tailor  by  trade. 

He  was  having  his  breakfast  in  the  parlour  l>elilnd  the 
shop.  ...    He  bad  sliced   his  hot  roll   Into  three  feather- 

beds,  and  was  slipping  butter  in  between  the  blanketa  .  . 
He  was  a  prosperous  old  bachelor!  and  his  open  window 
looked  Into  a  prosperous  little  garden  and  orchard,  and 
there  was  a  prosperous  iron  safe  let  Into  the  wad  at  the 
side  of  the  fireplace,  and  without  doubt  heaps  of  his 
prosperity  were  put  away  in  it  ill  bags. — C.  DickaOB, 
Qruai  Expectation*,  xuc  [I860). 

Tracy,  one  of  the  gentlemen  in  the 
earl  of  Sussex's  train. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Traddles,  a  simple,  honest  young 
man,  who  believes  in  everybody  and 
everything.  Though  C(  ustantly  failing, 
he  is  never  depressed  by  his  want  of  suc- 
cess, lie  had  the  habit  of  brushing  his 
hair  up  on  end,  which  gave  him  a  look 
of  surprise. 

At  Ihi  I,  when  I  was  miserable.  ht\Trad* 

ih.i\  would  lay  his  bead  on  the  desk  for  a  little  while, 
ii  cheering  up,  would  draw  skeletons  all  oror  bis 
llati      C.  Dickens,  DaridCopptrJUld,  til  1 1^-1U). 

Trade'love  (-'/'••),  a  broker  on 
'Change,  one  of  the  four  guardians  of 
Anne  Lovely  the  heiress.  lie  whs  "  A 
fellow  that  would  out-lie  the  devil  lor  the 
advantage  of  stock,  and  cheat  his  ows 
father    in    a   bargain.      He    was   a   great 


TRAFFORD. 


1022 


TRANCHERA. 


stickler  for  trade,  and  hated  every  one 
that  wore  a  sword"  (act  i.  1).  Colonel 
Feignwell  passed  himself  off  as  a  Dutch 
merchant  named  Jan  vun  Timtamtin- 
lereletta  hcrr  van  Feignwell,  and  made  a 
bet  with  Tradelove  Tradelove  lost,  and 
cancelled  tlie  debt  by  giving  his  consent 
to  the  marriage  of  bis  ward  to  the  sup- 
posed Dutchman. — Mrs.  Centlivre,  A  Bold 
Stroke  for  a  Wife  (1717). 

Trafford  (F.  G.),  the  pseudonym  of 
Mrs.  C.  E.  Riddell,  before  the  publica- 
tijn  of  George  Geith. 

Tragedy  {Father  of  Greek),  Thespis, 
the  RirhardsoE  of  Athens.  JEschylos 
is  also  called  "The  Father  of  Greek 
Tragedy"  (u.c.  525-420). 

Tragedy  ( The  Father  of  French),  Gamier 
(1634-1690). 

Tragedy  (The  First  English),  Gorboduc, 
by  Thomas  Norton  and  Thomas  Saek- 
ville  (1669).  The  first  comedy  was  Ralph 
Jioister  Doister,  by  Nicbolas  Udall  (1504). 

Thornbury  says  the  coadjutor  of  Norton 
was  lord  Buckhurst,  and  Charles  Lamb 
maintains  that  lord  Buckhurst  "  supplied 
the  more  vital  parts;"  but  professor  Craik 
says  Sackville  was  the  worker  together 
with  Norton. 

Trained  Band,  the  volunteer  artil- 
lery, whose  ground  for  practice  was, 
in  Moorticlds.  John  Gilpin  was  "  captain 
of  the  band." 

A  Trained  Band  captain  eke  was  ho. 
Of  famous  London  town. 

t'owper.  John  Oilpln  (1782). 

Trajan  (The  Second),  Marcus  Aurelius 
Claudius,  surnamed  Gotiicus,  noted  for 
his  valour,  justice,  and  goodness  (215, 
268-270). 

Trajan  and  St.  Gregory.  It  is 
said  that  Trajan,  although  unbaptized, 
was  delivered  from  hell  in  answer  to 
the  prayers  of  St.  Gregory. 

There  was  storied  on  the  rock 
The  exalted  glory  uf  the  Roman  prince. 
Whose  mighty  worth  moved  Gregory  to  earn 
Ills  mighty  conquest— Trajan  the  emperor. 

Dante,  furgatory,  xi.  (1308). 

Trajan  and  the  Importunate 
Widow.  One  day,  a  mother  appeared 
before  the  emperor  Trajan,  and  cried, 
"  Grant  vengeance,  sire !  My  son  is 
murdered."  The  emperor  replied,  "  I 
cannot  stop  now ;  wait  till  I  return." 
"But,  sire,"  pleaded  the  widow,  "if  you 
do  not  return,  who  will  grant  me  justice?" 
"My  successor,"  said  Trajan.  "And 
tan  Trajan  leav :  to  another  the  duty  that 


he  himself  is  appointed  to  perform?" 
On  hearing  this,  the  emperor  stopped  his 
cavalcade,  heard  the  woman's  cause,  and 
granted  her  suit.  Dantu  tells  this  tale  in 
his  Purgatory,  xi. — John  of  Salisbury, 
Folycraticus  dc  Curialium  Nugis,  v.  8 
(twelfth  century*). 

Dion  Cassius  (Roman  Historia,  Ixix.) 
tells  the  same  story  of  Hadrian.  When 
a  woman  appeared  before  him  with  a  suit 
as  he  was  starting  on  a  journey,  the 
emperor  put  her  off,  saying,  "I  have  no 
leisure  now."  She  replied,  "If  Hadrian 
has  no  leisure  to  perform  his  duties,  let 
him  cease  to  reign  ! "  On  hearing  this 
reproof,  he  dismounted  from  his  horse, 
and  gave  ear  to  the  woman's  cause. 

A  woman  once  made  her  appeal  to 
Philip  of  Maccdon,  who,  being  busy  at 
the  time,  petulantly  exclaimed,  "  Woman, 
I  have  no  time  now  for  such  matters." 
"  If  Philip  has  no  time  to  render  justice," 
said  the  woman,  "  then  is  it  high  time  for 
Philip  to  resign  !  "  The  king  felt  the 
rebuke,  heard  the  cause  patiently,  and 
decided  it  justly. 

Tramecksan  and  Slamecksan, 
the  High-heels  and  Low-heels,  two  great 
political  factions  of  Lilliput.  The  ani- 
mosity of  these Guelphs  and  Ghibellines  of 
punydom  ran  so  high  "that  no  High-heel 
would  eat  or  drink  with  a  Low-heel,  and 
no  Low-heel  would  salute  or  speak  to  a 
Iligh-heel."  The  king  of  Lilliput  was  a 
High-heel,  but  the  heir-apparent  a  Low- 
heel. — Swift,  Gulliver's  'Travels  ("Voyage 
to  Lilliput,"  iv.,  1720). 

Tramp  (Gaffer),  a  peasant  at  th. 
execution  of  old  Meg  Murdochson. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (tim» 
George  II.). 

Tramtrist  (Sir),  the  name  assume 
by  sir  Tristram  when  he  went  to  Ireland 
to  be  cured  of  his  wounds  after  his  com- 
bat with  sir  Marhaus.  Here  La  Belle 
Isold  (or  Isold  "  the  Fair")  was  his  leech, 
and  the  young  knight  fell  in  love  with 
her.  When  the  queen  discovered  that 
sir  Tramtrist  was  sir  Tristram,  who  had 
killed  her  brother,  sir  Marhaus,  in  combat, 
she  plotted  to  take  his  life,  and  he  was 
obliged  to  leave  the  island.  La  Belle 
Isold  subsequently  married  king  Mark  of 
Cornwall,  but  her  heart  was  ever  fixed 
on  her  brave  young  patient.  —  Sir  T. 
Malory,  History  of  Frince  Arthur,  ii.  9-12 
(1470)'. 

Tranchera,  Agricane's  sword,  which 
afterwards  belonged  to  Brandimart.-  - 
Ariosto.  Orlando  Furioso  (1510). 


TRANIO. 


1023 


TRAVELLERS'  TALES. 


Tra'nio,  one  of  the  servants  of  Lti- 
centio  the  gentleman  who  marries  lSi- 
anca  (the  sister  of  Kalhari'na  "the 
Paduan  shrew"). — Shakespeare,  Taming 
of  the  Shrew  (159-1). 

Transfer,  a  usurer,  who  is  willing  to 
advance  sir  George  Wealthy  a  sum  of 
money  on  these  easy  terms:  (1)  5  per 
cent,  interest;  (2)  10  percent,  premium  ; 
(3)  5  per  cent,  for  insuring  the  young 
man's  life  ;  (4)  a  handsome  present  to 
himself  as  broker  ;  (o)  the  borrower  to 
pay  all  expenses  ;  and  (('■)  the  loan  not 
to  be  in  cash  but  goods,  which  are  to  be 
taken  at  a  valuation  and  sold  at  auction 
at  the  borrower's  sole  hazard.  These 
terms  are  accepted,  and  sir  George  pro- 
mises besides  a  handsome  douceur  to 
Loader  for  having  found  a  usurer  so 
promptly. — Foote,  The  Minor  (17G0). 

Transformations.  In  the  art  of 
transformation,  one  of  the  most  important 
things  was  a  ready  wit  to  adopt  in  an 
instant  some  form  which  would  give  yon 
an  advantage  over  your  adversary  ;  thus, 
if  your  adversary  appeared  as  a  mouse, 
you  must  change  into  an  owl,  then  your 
adversary  would  become  an  arrow  to 
shoot  the  owl,  and  you  would  assume  the 
form  of  fire  to  burn  the  arrow,  where- 
upon your  adversary  would  become  water 
to  quench  the  fire;  and  he  who  could  out- 
wit the  other  would  come  off  victorious. 
The  two  best  examples  I  know  of  this 
sort  of  contest  are  to  be  found,  one  in 
the  Arabian  Ni<jhts,  and  the  other  in  the 
Mabinogion. 

The  former  is  the  contest  between  the 
Queen  of  Beauty  and  the  son  of  the  daugh- 
ter of  Eblis.  He  appeared  as  a  scorpion, 
she  in  a  moment  became  a  serpent. ;  \\  here- 
upon he  changed  into  an  eagle,  she  into 
a  more  powerful  black  eagle  ;  he  became 
a  cat,  she  a  wolf;  she  instantly  changed 
into  a  worm  and  crept  into  a  pomegranite, 
which  in  time  burst,  whereupon  lie  as- 
sumed the  form  of  a  cock  to  devour  the 
seed,  but  it  became  a  fish  ;  the  cock  then 
became  a  pike,  but  the  princess  became  a 
blazing  lire,  and  consumed  her  adversary 
l>eforc  he  had  time  to  change. — "The 
Second  Calender." 

The  other  is  the  contest,  between  Carid- 
wen  and  Gwion  Bach.  Bach  Bed  as  a 
hare,  she  changed  into  a  greyhound ; 
whereupon  he  became  a  lish,  she  an  otter- 
bitch  ;  he  instantly  became  a  bird,  she 
a  hawk  ;  but  he  became  as  quick  as 
thought  a  grain  of  wheat.  Caridwea 
now    became    B    hen,    and    made    for   the 


wheat-corn  and  devoured  him.  —  "  Ta- 
liesin." 

Translator  -  General.  Philemon 
Holland  is  so  called  by  Fuller,  in  his 
Worthies  of  England,  Mr.  Holland 
translate.!  Livy,  Pliny,  Plutarch,  Bue- 
tonius,  Xenophon,  and  several  other 
classic  authors  (1551-1636). 

Trap  to  Catch  a  Sunbeam,  by 

Matilda  Anne  Planche'  (afterwards  Mrs. 
Mackarness). 

Trapbois  {Old),  a  miser  in  Alsatia. 
Even  in  his  extreme  age,  '"he  was  be- 
lieved to  understand  the  plucking  of  a 
pigeon  better  than  any  man  in  Alsatia.'1 

Martha  Trapbois,  the  miser's  daughter, 
a  cold,  decisive,  masculine  woman,  who 
marries  Richie  Moni plies. — Sir  \V.  Sett, 
The  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 

Trap'oban  {The Island  of),  ruled  over 
by    Alit'ant'aron.      It    is    in    the    Utopian 
Ocean,  92°   N.   bit.,    180°  2'  W.   1 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  lii.  4  (1605). 

Trapper  (The),  Natty  Bumppo  is  so 
called  in  The  Prairie,  lie  is  introduced 
in  four  other  of  Cooper's  novels  as  "The 
Deerslayer,"  "The  Pathfinder,"  "The 
Hawk-eye"  in  The  Lust  of  the  Mohicana, 
and  "Natty  Bumppo"  in  Th 

Traveller  {The).     The    scheme   of 

this  poem  is  very  simple:  The  poet  sup- 
poses himself  seated  among  Alpine  soli- 
tudes, looking  down  upon  a  hundred 
kingdoms.  He  would  fain  find  some  sp.'t 
where  happiness  can  be  attained,  but  the 
natives  of  each  realm  think  their  own  the 
best;  yet  the  amount  of  happiness  in 
each  is  pretty  well  equal.     To  illustrate 

this,  the   poet  describes  the  manners  and 

government  of  Italy,  Switzerland.  France, 
Holland,  and  England. — O.  Goldsmith 
(1764). 

Traveller  (Mr.),  the  stranger  who  tried 

to  reason    with    Mr.    Slopes  and   bring 

him  hack  to  society,  hut,  found  the  truth 
of  the  tinker's  remark,  "  When  iron  is 
thoroughly  rotten,  you  cannot  botch  it." 
— ('.  Dickens,  A  ChristmasNumber (IB61). 

Traveller's  Refuge,  the  valley  of 
Fakreddin.— W.  Beckford,  Vatheh  (1784). 

Travellers'  Tales.  Marco  Pole 
Bays.  "Certain  islands  lie  so  far  north  in 
the  Northern  <  teeail,  that  one  going  thither 

actually  leaves  the  pole-star  a  tritle 
behind  to  the  Bouth." 

A   Hutch   skipper  told   Master  Moxon, 

the  hydrographer  of  Charles  11.,  that  h« 


TRAVELS,  ETC. 


1024 


TREE. 


had  himself  sailed  two  degrees  beyond 
the  pole. 

Maundeville  says,  in  Prester  John's 
country  is  a  sea  of  sand  which  ebbs  and 
flows  in  great  waves  without  one  drop  of 
water.  This  sea,  says  the  knight  of  St. 
Alban's,  men  find  full  of  right  good  fish 
of  most  delicious  eating. 

At  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  America 
by  Columbus,  many  marvellous  tales  were 
rife  in  Spain.  It  was  said  that  in  one 
part  of  the  coast  of  El  Nombre  de  Dios, 
the  natives  had  such  long  ears  that  one  ear 
6erved  for  bed  and  the  other  for  counter- 
pane. This  reminds  one  of  Gwevyl  mab 
Gwestad,  one  of  whose  lips  hun<;  down  to 
his  waist,  and  the  other  covered  his  head 
like  a  cowl  (see  p.  1000).  Another  tale 
was  that  one  of  the  crew  of  Columbus 
had  come  across  a  people  who  lived  on 
sweet  scents  alone,  and  were  killed  by 
foul  smells.  This  invention  was  hardly 
original,  inasmuch  as  both  Plutarch  and 
Pliny  tell  us  of  an  Indian  people  who 
lived  on  sweet  odours,  and  Democrltos 
lived  for  several  days  on  the  mere  effluvia 
of  hot  bread  (see  p.  098).  Another  tale 
was  that  the  noses  of  these  smell-feeders 
were  so  huge  that  their  heads  were  all 
nose.  We  are  also  told  of  one-eyed  men  ; 
of  men  who  carried  their  head  under  one 
of  their  arms  ;  of  others  whose  head  was 
in  their  breast ;  of  others  who  were  con- 
quered, not  by  arms,  but  by  the  priests 
holding  up  before  them  a  little  ivory 
crucifix — a  sort  of  Christian  version  of 
the  taking  of  Jericho  by  the  blast  of  the 
silver  trumpets  of  the  Levites  in  the  time 
uf  Joshua. 

Travels  in  .  .  .  Remote  Na- 
tions, by  "Lemuel  Gulliver."  He  is  first 
shipwrecked  and  cast  on  the  coast  of 
Lilliput,  a  country  of  pygmies.  Sub- 
sequently he  is  thrown  among  the  people 
of  Brobdingnag,  giants  of  tremendous 
size.  In  his  third  expedition  he  is  driven 
to  Laputa,  an  empire  of  quack  pretenders 
to  science  and  knavish  projectors.  And 
in  his  fourth  voyage  he  visits  the 
Houyhnhnms  [  Whin'.n'ms],  where  horses 
were  the  dominant  powers. — Dean  Swift 
(1726). 

Travers,  a  retainer  of  the  earl  of 
Northumberland. — Shakespeare,  2  Henry 
2  V.  (1598). 

Travers  (Sir  Edmund),  an  old  bachelor, 
tht  guardian  and  uncle  of  lady  Davenant. 
He  is  a  tedious  gossip,  fond  of  meddling, 
prosy,  and  wise  in  his  own  conceit.      "  It 


is  surprising,"  he  says,  "how  unwilling 
people  are  to  hear  my  stories.  When  in 
parliament  I  make  a  speech,  there  is 
nothing  but  coughing,  hemming,  and 
shuffling  of  feet— no  desire  of  informa- 
tion." By  his  instigation,  the  match  was 
broken  off  between  his  niece  and  captain 
Dormer,  and  she  was  given  in  marriage  to 
lord  Davenant,  but  it  turned  out  that  his 
lordship  was  already  married,  and  his 
wife  living. — Cumberland,  The  Mysterious 
Husband  (1783). 

Travia'ta,  an  opera,  representing  the 
progress  of  a  courtezan.  Music  by  Verdi, 
and  libretto  from  La  Dame  aux  Came'lias% 
a  novel  by  Alexandre  Dumas  fits  (1850). 

Treachery  of  the  Long-Knives 

(The).  II engist  invited  the  chief  British 
nobles  to  a  conference  at  Ambresbury, 
but  arranged  that  a  Saxon  should  be 
seated  beside  each  Briton.  At  a  given 
signal,  each  Saxon  was  to  slay  his  neigh- 
bour with  his  long  knife,  and  as  many  as 
•Kin  British  nobles  fell.  Eidiol  earl  of 
Gloucester  escaped,  after  killing  seventy 
(some  say  600)  of  the  Saxons. —  Welsh 
Triad*. 

St<  ■nelienge  was  erected  by  Merlin,  at  the  command  of 
Anibrodua,  in  memory  of  the  plot  of  the  "  Long-Knives." 
.  .  .  He  built  it  on  the  site  of  a  former  circle.  It  deviate! 
from  older  bardic  circles.  :a  may  be  seen  by  mm  paring  it 
with  Avebuiy,  Stanton-Drew,  Keswick,  etc. — Cambrian 
Biography,  art.  "Merddin." 

Treasury  of  Peru  (The),  the 
Andes. 

Treasury  of  Sciences  (The), 
Bokhara,  which  has  103  colleges,  besides 
schools  and  360  mosques. 

Trecentisti,  the  Italian  worthies  of 
the  "Trecento"  (thirteenth  century). 
They  were  Dante  (1265-1381)  ;  Petrarch 
(1304-1374);  Boccaccio,  who  wrote  the 
Decameron.  Others  of  less  note  were 
Giotto,  Giovanna  da  Pisa,  and  Andrea 
Orcagna.   (SeeCiNQUECENTO,  Seicento.) 

In  Italy  he'd  ape  the  Trecentisti. 

Lyron,  Don  Juan.  Ul.  86  (18'JO). 

Tree  (The  Bleeding).  One  of  the  in- 
dictments laid  to  the  charge  of  the  mar- 
quis of  Argyll,  so  hated  by  the  royalists 
for  the  part  he  took  in  the  execution  of 
Montrose,  was  this:  "That  a  tree  on 
which  thirty-six  of  his  enemies  were 
hanged  was  immediately  blasted,  and 
when  hewn  down,  a  copious  stream  of 
blood  ran  from  it,  saturating  the  earth, 
and  that  blood  for  several  years  was 
emitted  from  the  roots." — Laing,  History 
of  Scotland,  ii.  11  (1800)  ;  State  Trials, 
ii.  422. 


TKEK. 


1025 


TREES,  ETC. 


Tree  {The  Largest).  The  Largest  tree 
in  the  world  is  one  discovered,  in  1874,  m 
u  grove  near  Tale  River,  in  California. 
Though  the  top  has  been  broken  off,  it  is 

240  feet  high,  anil  the  diameter  of  the 
tree  where  it  has  been  broken  is  12  feet. 
This  giant  of  the  forest  is  called  "old 
Mos2S,"  from  a  mountain  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  is  calculated  to  be  4H10 
vears  old !  The  hollow  of  its  trunk, 
which  is  111  feet,  will  hold  150  persons, 
and  is  hong  with  scenes  of  California,  is 
carpeted,  and  titled  up  like  a  drawing- 
room,  with  table,  chairs,  sofa,  and  piano- 
forte. A  section  of  this  tree,  71  feet 
round  and  25  feet  across,  was  exhibited 
in  New  York,  in  1879.— See  New  Yvrk 
Herald. 

Tree  {The  Poets'),  a  tree  which  grows 
over  the  tomb  of  Tan-Sein,  a  musician  at 
the  court  of  [Mohammed]  Akbar.  Who- 
ever chews  a  leaf  of  this  tree  will  be 
inspired  with  a  divine  melody  of  voice. — 
W.  Hunter. 

His  voice  was  as  sweet  as  if  lie  had  chewed  the  leaves  "f 
that  enchanted  tree  which  grows  over  the  tomb  of  the 
musician  Tan-Sein. — Moore,  UMa  RookJ\  US1"). 

Tree  {The  Singing),  a  tree  each  leaf  of 
which  was  musical,  and  all  the  leaves 
joined  together   in  delightful   harmony. 

— Arabian  Niahts  ("The  Story  -I  Hi'' 
SUterswho  envied  their  Younger  Sister"). 
In  the  Fairy  Talcs  of  the  comtesse 
D'Aunoy,  there  is  a  tree  called  "  the 
singing  apple,"  of  precisely  the  same 
character,  but  the  apple  tree  gave  the 
possessor  the  inspiration  of  poetry  also. 
— "  Chery  and  Fairstar." 

Tree  of  Liberty  {The),   a  tree  or 

pole  crowned  with  a  cap  of  liberty,  and 
decorated  witli  Hags,  ribbons,  and  other 
devices  of  a  republican  character.  The 
idea  was  given  by  the  Americans  in  their 
War  of  Independence  ;  it  was  adopted  by 
the  Jacobins  in  Paris  in  1790,  and  by  the 
Italians  in  1848. 

Tree  of  Life   {The),  a  tree  in  the 
"  midst  of  the  garden  "  of  paradise,  which, 

if  Adam  had  plucked  and  eaten  of,  he 
would  have  "  lived  for  ever." — Gen.  ii.  'J  ; 
iii.  22. 

Out  of  the  fertile  fTOUnd [0O<f1  OUBed  tO  CT'iw 

All  trees  of  nobbal  Und  for  light,  imell,  u»ie; 
Ami  ail  ami.l  them  rtood  it"-  free    I 
High  eminent,  blooming  ejnbto  lal  fruit 
Df  vegetable  raid. 

Milton.  ParacUt*  /.»»(,  Iv.  ai5.  etc  (KK3). 

Tree  of  Knowledge  {The),  ■  tree 
;n  the  garden  of  paradise,  the  fruit  of 

which  Adam  and  Eve  were  forbidden  to 
eat,  "lest  they  died."—  Gen.  ii.  '.•  ;  iii.  3. 


N,  it  tO  '''•■•  C"  ""  'He. 
...  the  Tree  ,.f  Ki.     ■  ■  '■  h.». 

Knowledge  of  good,  boofbt  dear  b)  knowing  ill. 

Milton.  Paradtm  Lott.  iv.  -~n  (lew). 

Trees  noted  for  Specific  Virtues 
and  Uses. 

Tlmse  article*  mnrked  /».  P.  are  from  Willuun  Browue'l 
BritannLii  J-aitvraJi  (ISIS). 

Aldek,  good  for  water-pipes  and  pill  - 
capital  for  the  foundations  of    build; 
situated  upon  bogs;  it  becomes  black  aa 
jet   and   almost    imperishable   when   used 

for  piles  in  swamps  or  under  water.    Tin 

Kialto  of  Venice  IS  founded  on  alder.  It 
is  excellent  for  clogs,  shoe-heels,  wooden 

shoes,  cogs  for  mill-wheels,  turnery, 
chairs,  poles,  and  garden  props. 

It  is  said  that  tleas  dislike  it. 

Alder  nourishes  whatever  plant  grows 
in  its  shadow. —  /■'.  /'. 

Ash,  the  Venus  of  the  forest.— Gilpin, 
Forest  Scenery  (1791). 

Used  for  till  tools  employed  in  hus- 
bandry, carts.  vvnggOn8,  wheels,  pulleys, 
and  oars.  It  bursts  into  Leaf  between 
May  13  and  June  II. 

Grass  will  grow  beneath  it. 

At  Donirey,  mar  Clare,  is  the  hollow 
trunk  of  an  ash  tree  42  feet  in  circum- 
ference, in  which  a  little  BChool  used  to 
be  kept.— A.  Young,  Irish  Zbur(17i 

In  Woburn  Park  is  an  ash  tree  90  feet 
high,  15  feet  in  girth  (3  feet  from  the 
ground),  and  containing  a  grand  total  of 
§72  cubic  feet  of  timber.— Strutt,  Sylva 
Britam 

The  ash  tree  at  Carnock,  planted  it, 
1596,  supposed  to  be  the  Largest  in  Scot- 
land, is  90  feet  high  and  L9  feet  in  girth 
(5  feet  from  the  ground).— Ditto. 

Dr.  Walker  says  he  measured  an  ash 

tree   in   Lochaber  churchyard,  Scotland, 

in  girth  (5  feet  from  the  ground). 

Aspbm  Trek.  Nograss  will  grow  initi 
vicinity.    The  legend  is  that  the  t 

JesUS    was  made  of    this  wood,  and  henco 
. .  i-s    were   doomed    to    tremble    till 
the  day  of  doom. 

Ah  I  tremble,  tremble,  asi^en  trre  ! 

We  net  d  1 1- -t  a-k  the*  wbj  lho«  thnkorti 
Fat  .i  -o'b. 

on  thee  the  -  death, 

.  n.  Hint  lluHi  ,|unkest  I 
And.  nil  in  Judgment  «U  ■■enihle, 
Thy  leavi«  nocurml  »hall  wmll  and  tremble. 

K.  C.  K. 

Bl  n  II  1  ki  I',  employed  for  clOgS,  tool 
handles,     planes,   mallets,   turnery,   large 

w leu      screws,      sonno!ing-boarda    of 

musical  instruments,  seal. bards,  band- 
boxes, book  covers,  Coffins,  chairs,  and 
bedsteads;  but  for  chairs  and  bedsteads 
it  is  not  lit,  as  it  is  a  favourite  resort  if 
the  j'tinus  }*\-tinicurms,  whose  eggs  ars 
3  u 


TREES,  ETC. 


1026 


TREES,  ETC. 


deposited  on  the  surface  of  the  wood, 
and  the  young  worms  eat  their  way  in. 
Floats  for  nets  are  made  of  the  bark. 
It  is  excellent  for  wood  fires,  and  is 
called  in  France  bois  dAndclle.  The  beech 
bursts  into  leaf  between  April  19  and 
May  7. 

"The  Twelve  Apostles."  On  an  island 
of  the  lake  Wetter,  were  twelve  majestic 
beech  trees,  now  reduced  to  eleven,  for  a 
zealous  peasant  cut  down  one  of  them, 
declaring  "that  the  traitor  Judas  should 
have  no  part  nor  lot  with  the  faithful." 
On  these  beeches  are  cut  the  names  of 
Charles  XI.,  Charles  XII.,  queen  Eleonora, 
and  other  distinguished  visitors.  Other 
famous  beeches  are  the  Frankley  Beeches, 
in  Worcestershire. 

Virgil's  bowl,  dkini  opus  Alcitnedontis, 
was  made  of  beech  wood,  and  Pliny  tells 
us  that  vessels  used  in  the  temples  were 
made  sometimes  of  the  same  wood. 

The  beech,  like  the  fir  and  chestnut,  is 
very  destructive  of  vegetation  beneath. 

BlRCH,  used  by  the  ancients  for  papyrus. 
The  wood  is  used  for  the  heels  of  shoes, 
cradles,  packing-boxes,  sabots,  drinking- 
cups,  brooms  or  besoms,  rods,  torches, 
and  charcoal. 

"It  supplies  the  northern  peasant  with 
his  house,  his  bread,  his  wine,  and  the 
vessels  to  put  it  in,  part  of  his  clothing, 
nnd  t lie  furniture  of  his  bed."  —  Sylvan 
Sketches. 

Birch  loves  the  coldest  places. — B.  P. 

Blackthorn  is  formed  into  teeth  for 
rakes  and  into  walking-sticks.  Letters 
written  on  linen  or  woollen  with  sloe-juice 
will  not  wash  out. 

It  is  said  that  Joseph  of  Arimathea 
planted  his  staff  on  the  south  ridge  of 
Weary-all  Hill  (now  Werrall),  where  it 
grew  and  put  forth  blossoms  every 
Christmas  Day  afterwards.  The  original 
tree  was  destroyed  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
I.  by  a  puritan  soldier,  who  lost  his  life 
by  a  splinter  which  wounded  him  while 
so  employed.  The  variety  which 
blossoms  twice  a  year  is  now  pretty 
common. 

The  Holy  Thorn  lias  been  Introduced  Into  many  parts, 
and  is  now  grown  in  several  gardeoa  about  Glastonbury 
and  Its  vicinity.    Pilgrimages  continued  tu  lie  made  to 

tliis  tree  tun    ill    Mr.   Eyston'a  time,  who  died    17-1. — 
Warner,  Evening  Putt.  January,  1763. 

Box,  used  for  turnery,  combs,  mathe- 
matical instruments,  knife-handles,  tops, 
screws,  button-moulds,  wood  engravings. 
Box  wood  will  sink  in  water. 

A  decoction  of  box  wood  promotes  the 
growth  of  hair,  and  an  oil  distilled  from 
its   shavings  is  a  cure  for  hemorrhoids, 


tooth-ache,  epilepsy,  and  stomach-worms ; 
so  we  are  told. 

Cedar,  used  for  cigar-boxes.  It  is 
hateful  to  moths  and  fleas,  and  hence  it 
is  used  for  lining  wardrobes  and  drawers. 

Cherry  Tree,  used  by  the  turner, 
formed  into  chairs  and  hoops.  It  is  stained 
to  imitate  mahogany,  to  which  wood,  botb 
in  grain  and  colour,  it  approaches  ncarei 
than  any  other  of  this  country.  It  is 
stained  black  for  picture-frames.  The 
cherry  tree  was  first  introduced  from 
Flanders  into  Kent,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII 1. 

More  than  a  hundred  men,  during  a  siege,  were  kept 
alive  for  nearly  two  mouths,  without  any  other  susten- 
ance than  a  little  of  this  guin  taken  into  the  mouth  and 
suffered  gradually  to  dissolve.— Hasselquist,  Iter  Patau 
tinum  (1757). 

Chestnut  Tree,  the  tree  introduced 
into  the  pictures  of  Salvator  Rosa.  Tlu 
wood  is  used  by  coopers  and  for  water- 
pipes,  because  it  neither  shrinks  nor 
changes  the  colour  of  any  liquor  it  con- 
tains. It  is,  however,  bad  for  posts,  and 
grass  will  not  grow  beneath  its  shade. 

Staves  that  nor  shrink  nor  swell. 
The  cooler's  close-wrought  cask  to  chestnut  owes. 
Dodsley. 

The  roof  of  Westminster  Abbey,  and 
that  of  the  "Parliament  House,"  Edin- 
burgh, are  made  of  chestnut  wood. 

In  Cobham  Park,  Kent,  is  a  chestnut 
tree  40  feet  in  ^irth  (6  feet  from  the 
ground). — Strutt,  8ylva  Britannica. 

At  Tortworth,  in  Gloucestershire,  is  a 
chestnut  tree  52  feet  in  girth.  Even  in 
ll.'iO  it  was  called  "the  great  chestnut 
tree  of  Tortworth."  Air.  Marsham  says  it 
was  540  years  old  when  king  John  came 
to  the  throne,  which  would  carry  us  back 
to  the  heptarchy.  If  so,  this  tree  has 
tallied  the  whole  history  of  England  from 
the  Roman  period  to  our  own. 

The  horse  chestnut  bursts  into  leaf 
between  March  17  and  April  19.  The 
Spanish  chestnut  fully  a  month  later. 

CYPRESS  hurts  the  least  of  all  trees  b)> 
its  droppings. — 1>.  J'. 

Dog  Rose.  So  called  by  the  Greek* 
(kmorodon),  because  the  root  was  deemed 
a  cure  for  the  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 

Elher  Tree,  used  for  skewers,  tops 
of  angling-rods,  needles  for  netting, 
turnery.  The  pith  is  used  for  electro- 
meters and  in  electrical  experiments. 

An  infusion  of  elder  leaves  will  destroy 
insects  on  delicate  plants  better  thai 
tobacco-juice ;  and  if  turnips,  cabbage-, 
fruit  trees,  etc.,  are  brushed  with  a  branch 
of  elder  leaves,  no  insect  will  infest  the 
plants. — Fhiiosophical  Transactumi,  v.  GJ 

p.  ais. 


TREES,  ETC. 


1027 


TREES,  ETC. 


Elm  is  used  for  axle-trees,  mill-wheels, 
keels  of  boats,  gunwales,  chairs,  coffins, 
rails,  gates,  under-ground  pipes,  pumps, 
millwork,  pattens. 

Grass  will  grow  beneath  its  shade. 

The  elm  is  pre-eminent  for  the  tenacity 
of  its  wood,  which  never  splinters.  It  is 
the  first  of  forest  trees  to  burst  into  leaf. 

Toads  and  frogs  are  often  embedded  in 
«.lm  trees.  They  crept  into  some  hollow 
place  or  crack,  and  became  imprisoned  by 
the  glutinous  fluid  of  the  new  inner  bark 
(liber  and  alburnum).  Some  have  been 
found  alive  when  the  tree  is  cut  down, 
but  they  need  not  have  been  embedded 
long. 

At  Hampstead  there  was  once  a  famous 
hollow  elm,  which  had  a  staircase  within 
and  seats  at  the  top. — I'ark,  Topography. 

At  Blytbfield,  in  Staffordshire,  was  an 
elm  which,  Ray  tells  us,  furnished  8GC0 
feet  of  planks,  weighing  H7  tons. 

The  elm  at  Chequers,  Buckinghamshire, 
was  planted  in  the  reign  of  Stephen  ;  the 
ehell  is  now  31  feet  in  girth.  The  Chep- 
stead  Elm,  Kent,  contains  2G8  feet  of 
timber,  and  is  15  feet  in  girth;  it  is  said 
to  have  had  an  annual  fair  beneath  its 
shade  in  the  reign  of  Henry  V.  The  elm 
at  Crawley,  in  Sussex,  is  70 feet  high  and 
35  feet  in  girth. — Strutt,  JSytva  Lri- 
tannica. 

Fig  Tree.  The  leaves  of  this  tree  have 
the  property  of  maturing  game  and  meat 
hung  amongst  them. 

Fir  Tree.  In  Ireland  the  bog  firs, 
beaten  into  string,  are  manufactured  into 
rope,  capable  of  resisting  the  weather 
much  longer  than  hempen  ropes.  The 
bark  can  be  used  for  tan.  Tar  and  pitch 
are  obtained  from  the  trunk  and  branches. 
The  thinnings  of  fir  forests  will  do  for 
hop-poles,  scantlings,  and  rafters,  and  its 
timber  is  used  by  builders. 

Grass  will  not  grow  beneath  fir  trees. 

Guelder  Rose.  From  the  bark  of  the 
root  birdlime  is  made.  The  shoots  make 
excellent  bands  for  faggots. 

Evelyn  says  a  decoction  of  the  loaves 
will  dye  the  hair  black  and  strengthen  it. 

Hazel  Tree.  The  wood  makes  ex- 
cellent charcoal  for  forges.  Fishing-rods, 
walking-sticks,  crates,  hoops  for  barrels, 
ahoots  forspringlesto  fasten  down  thatch, 
hurdles,  etc.,  are  made  of  this  wood. 
Hazel  chips  will  clear  turbid  wine  in 
twenty-four  hours,  and  twigs  of  hazel 
twisted  together  will  serve  for  yeast  in 
brewing. 

Hazel  wands  were  used  in  divination, 
for  detecting  minerals,  water-springs,  and 


hid  treasures.  (See  Dousterswivkl, 
p.  270.) 

]:>  whatsoever  occult  rlrtue  the  forked  haiel  rtlrk  ±'»- 
c  ,  i  .ml)   nibterraneoua  treasure,    but    criminal! 

guilt?  "f  murder  and  other  crimes,  made  out  so  solemnly 
by  the  attestation  of  rruujl.trati-s  anil  divers  other  Lamed 
and  credible  peraonawho  havacrttieallj  nramlned  matted 
Ol  bet,  la  r.Tt.iiulv  next  to  ■  miracle,  and  require*  a 
•trong  faith.— Koljn.  S-/'v  i  (1604). 

The  small  hole  bored  through  the  shell 
of  hazel  nuts  is  not  the  work  of  squirrels, 
but  of  field  mice  ;  squirrels  always  split 
the  shells. 

Holly  Tree.  Birdlime  is  made  from 
it.  The  wood  is  used  for  veneering, 
handles  of  knives,  cogs  for  mill-wheels, 
hones  for  whetting  knives  and  razors, 
coachmen's  whips,  Tunbridge  ware. 

Ivy.  The  roots  are  used  by  leather- 
cutlers  for  whetting  their  knives;  and 
when  the  roots  are  large,  boxes  and  slabs 
are  made  from  them. 

It  is  said  that  apricots  and  peaches 
protected  in  winter  by  ivy  fencing  becomo 
remarkably  productive. 

Juniper  is  never  attacked  by  worms. 

— /;.  p. 

The  wood  is  used  for  veneering ;  and 
alcohol  or  spirits  of  wine,  impregnated 
with  the  essential  oil  of  juniper  In  rru-s.  is 
gin  (or  juniper  water) ;  for  the  French 
genevre  means  "a  juniper  berry."  Ordi- 
narily, gin  is  a  malt  liquor,  distilled  a 
second  time,  with  the  addition  of  juniper 
berries,  or  more  frequently,  with  the  oil 
of  turpentine. 

Larch,  very  apt  to  warp,  but  it  re-i-ts 
decay.  It  bursts  into  leaf  between  March 
21  and  April  11. 

Le  bois  dti  meltec  I'cmporte  en  bonW  et  en  Jur^e  sur 
celui  dus  pins  et  ilea aaplna  On  en  hit  dee  goutW r.s  dee 
conduits  d't»ux  louterralnea,  de  bonnet  charpentee;  il 
antra  'inns  la  construction  dee  petite  baHmeiiti  de  mi  r. 
I.. a  pelntrea  i"en  (arrant  pour  faire  les  cadrea  do  leun 
tableaux.—  Boulllet,  Wot  Mn  dm  flW 

Lime  or  Linden  Tbbe.  Grinling 
Gibbons,  the  great  carver  in  wood,  used 
no  other  wood  but  that  of  the  lime  tree, 
which  is  soft.,  light,  Btnooth,  close-grained, 
and  not  Bubject  to  the  worm.     For  the 

name  reason,  it  18  the.  chief  material  of 
Tunbridge  ware.  BelloniuS  slates  that 
the  Greeks  used  the  wood  for  making 
bottles. 

Lime  wood  makes  excellent  charcoal  for 
gunpowder,  and  is  employed  for  buttons 
and  leather-cutters'  boards.  The  flowers 
afford  the  best  honey  for  bees,  and  the 
famous  Kowno honey  is  made  exclusively 
from  the  linden  blossoms. 

It,  was  one  of  the  trees  from  which 
papyrus  was  made,  and  in  the  library  of 
Vienna  is  a  work  of  Cicero  written  on 
the  inner  bark  of  the  linden 


TREES,  ETC. 


1028 


TREES,  ETC. 


One  other  thing  is  worth  mentioning. 
Hares  and  rabbits  will  never  injure  the 
bark  of  this  tree. 

The  lime  is  the  first  of  all  trees  to  shed 
its  leaves  in  autumn.  It  bursts  into  leaf 
between  April  6  and  May  2. 

At  Deopham,  in  Norfolk,  was  a  lime 
tree  which,  Evelyn  tells  us,  was  30  feet  in 
girth  and  90  feet  in  height.  Strutt  tells 
us  of  one  in  Moor  Park,  Hertfordshire, 
17  feet  in  girth  (3  feet  above  the  ground) 
and  100  feet  high  ;  it  contained  875  feet 
of  timber.  He  also  mentions  one  in 
Cobham  Park,  28  feet  in  girth  and  90 
feet  in  height. 

The  lime  tree  in  the  Grisons  is  upwards 
of  590  years  old. 

Maple  Tkee,  employed  for  cabinet- 
work, gunstocks,  screws  for  cider  presses, 
and  turnery.  The  Tigrin  and  Pantherine 
tables  were  made  of  maple.  The  maple 
tables  of  Cicero,  Asinius  Callus,  kiug 
Juba,  and  the  Mauritanian  Ptolemy, 
"  are  worth  their  weight  in  gold." 

At  Knowle,  in  Kent,  there  is  a  maple 
tree  which  is  14  feet  in  girth. — Strutt, 
Sylva  Britannica. 

Mountain  Ash  or  Rowan  Tkee,  used 
for  hoops,  and  for  bows,  comes  next  to 
the  yew.  It  forms  good  and  lasting 
posts:  and  is  made  inta  hurdres,  tables, 
spokes  of  wheels,  shafts,  chairs,  and  so 
on.  The  roots  are  made  into  spoons  and 
knife-handles.  The  bark  makes  excel- 
lent tan. 

Twigs  of  rowan  used  to  be  carried 
about  as  a  charm  against  witches.  Scotch 
dairy-maids  drive  their  cattle  with  rowan 
rods  ;  and  at  Strathspey,  in  Scotland,  at 
one  time,  sheep  and  lambs  were  made 
to  pass  through  hoops  of  rowan  wood  on 
May-day. 

In  Wales,  the  rowan  used  to  be  con- 
sidered sacred  ;  it  was  planted  in  church- 
yards, and  crosses  made  of  the  wood  were 
commonly  worn. 

Their  sjiells  were  vain.    The  hags  returned 

To  the  queen  in  sorrowful  mood. 
Crying  that  witches  have  no  power 

Where  there  is  rown  tree  wood. 
The  Laidtey  Worm  of  Spindletton  Ueught. 

Myrtle.  Some  northern  nations  use 
it  instead  of  hops.  The  catkins,  boiled  in 
water,  throw  up  a  waxy  scum,  of  which 
candles  are  made  by  Dutch  boers.  Hot- 
tentots (according  to  Thunberg)  make  a 
cheese  of  it.  Myrtle  tan  is  good  for 
tanning  calf-skins. 

Laid  under  a  bed,  it  keeps  off  fleas  and 
moths. 

Oak  Tkee,  the  king  of  the  forest  and 
patriarch  of  trees,  wholly  unrivalled  in 


6tature,  strength,  and  longevity.  The 
timber  is  used  for  ship-building,  the  bark 
for  tanning  leather,  and  the  gall  for 
making  ink.  Oak  timber  is  used  for 
every  work  where  durability  and  strength 
are  required. 

Oak  trees  best  resist  the  thunder- 
stroke.— B.  P.  (William  Browne  is  re- 
sponsible for  this  statement.)  It  bursts 
into  leaf  between  April  10  and  May  26. 

In  1757  there  was  an  oak  in  earl 
Powis's  park,  near  Ludlow,  16  feet  in 
girth  (5  feet  from  the  ground)  and  60 
feet  high  (Marsham).  Panshanger  Oak, 
in  Kent,  is  19  feet  in  girth,  and  contains 
1000  feet  of  timber,  though  not  yet  in  its 
prime  (Marsham).  Salcey  Forest  Oak, 
in  Northamptonshire,  is  24  feet  in  girth 
(Marsham).  Gog,  in  Yardley  Forest,  is 
28  feet  in  girth,  and  contains  1658  cubic 
feet  of  timber.  The  king  of  Wynnstay 
Park,  North  Wales,  is  30  feet  in  girth. 
The  Queen's  Oak,  Huntingfield,  Suffolk, 
from  which  queen  Elizabeth  shot  a  buck, 
is  35  feet  in  girth  (Marsham).  Shel- 
ton  Oak,  near  Shrewsbury,  called  the 
"  Grette  Oake "  in  1543,  which  served 
the  great  Glendower  for  a  post  of  obser- 
vation in  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury  (1403), 
is  37  feet  in  girth  (Marsham).  Green 
Dale  Oak,  near  Welbcck,  is  38  feet  in 
girth,  11  feet  from  the  ground  (Evelyn). 
Cowthorpe  Oak,  near  Wetherby,  is  48 
feet  in  girth  (Evelyn).  The  ^reat  oak 
in  Broomfield  Wood,  near  Ludlow,  was, 
in  1764,  68  feet  in  girth,  23  feet  high, 
and  contained  1455  feet  of  timber  (Light- 
foot). 

Beggar's  Oak,  in  Blithfield  Park,  Staf- 
fordshire, contains  827  cubic  feet  of 
timber,  and,  in  1812,  was  valued  at  £200 
(Marsham).  Fredville  Oak,  Kent,  con- 
tains MOO  feet  of  timber  (Marsham). 
But  the  most  stupendous  oak  ever  grown 
in  England  was  that  dug  out  of  Hatfield 
Bog  :  it  was  12  feet  in  girth  at  the  larger 
end,  6  feet  at  the  smaller  end,  and  120 
feet  in  length  ;  so  that  it  exceeded  the 
famous  larch  tree  brought  to  Rome  in  the 
reign  of  Tiberius,  as  Pliny  states  in  his 
Natural  History. 

(These  are  all  from  Marsham's  Bath 
Soc,  i.  ;  the  Sylva  Caledonia ;  Evelyn's 
Sylva;  The  Journal  of  a  Naturalist;  or 
from  Strutt's  three  works — Sylva  Britan- 
nica, Dclicice  Sylvarum,  and  Alay.  Nat, 
Hist.) 

Swilcar  Oak,  in  Needham  Forest,  is 
600  years  old  (Struti).  The  Oak  of  the 
Partisans,  in  the  forest  of  Parey,  St. 
Ouen,  is  above  650  years  old.     Wallace's 


TREES,  ETC. 


1029 


TREES,  ETC. 


Oak,  which  stood  on  the  spot  where  the 
"  patriot  hero  "  was  born  (Elderslie, 
near  Paisley)  was  probably  700  years  old 
when  it  was  blown  down  in  1869.  Salcey 
Forest  Oak,  in  Northamptonshire,  is 
above  1000  years  old.  William  the  Con- 
queror's Oak,  Windsor  <  i r»  :i t  Park,  is  at 
least  1200  years  old.  Winfarthing  Oak, 
Norfolk,  and  Bentley  Oak,  were  7<>o 
years  old  at  the  Conquest,  more  than 
800  years  ago.  Cowthorpe  Oak,  near 
Wctherby,  is  1000  years  <>1<1  (professor 
Burnet).  The  great  oak  of  Saintcs,  in 
the  Charente  Inferieur,  is  reckoned  from 
1800  to  2000  years  old.  The  DamoreyOak, 
Dorsetshire,  was  2000  years  old  when  it, 
was  blown  down  in  1703.  In  the  Com- 
monwealth, it  was  inhabited  by  an  old 
man,  and  used  as  an  ale-house;  its  cavity 
was  15  feet  in  diameter  and  17  feet  in 
height. 

In  the  "Water  Walk  of  Magdalen  Col- 
lege, Oxford,  was  an  oak  supposed  to 
have  existed  before  the  Conquest ;  it  was 
a  notable  tree  when  the  college  was 
founded  in  14-48,  and  was  blown  rli/fra  in 
1789.  On  Abbofs  Oak,  Woburn,  the 
vicar  of  Puddington,  near  Chester,  and 
linger  Hobbs  abbot  of  Woburn  were 
hong,  in  1537,  by  order  of  Henry 
VIII.,  for  refusing  to  surrender  their 
Bacerdotal  rights  (Marsham).  The  Bull 
Oak,  Wedgenock  Park,  and  the  Plestor 
Oak,  Colborne,  were  both  in  existence 
at  the  Conquest.  The  Shellard's  Lane 
Oak,  Gloucesterphire,  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  island  {Journal  of  a 
Naturalist,   i.). 

The  Cadenham  Oak,  near  Lyndhurst, 
in  the  New  Forest,  buds  '"on  old  Christ- 
mas Day,"  and  has  done  bo  for  at.  least 
two  centuries;  it  is  covered  with  foliage 
at  the  usual  time  of  other  oak  trees.  The 
same  is  said  of  the  tree  against  which  the 
arrow  of  Tyrrel  glanced  when  RufuB  was 
killed  (Camden). 

Olive,  used  in  wainscot,  because  it 
never  gapes,  cracks,  or  cleaves. —  />'.  /'. 

The  eight  olive  trees  on  the  Mount  of 
Olives  were  flourishing  800  yean  ago, 
when  the  Turks  took  Jerusalem. 

OSIER,  used  for  puncheons,  wheels 
for  catching  eels,  bird-caps,  baskets, 
hampers,  hurdles,  eddcrs,  slakes,  rake- 
handles,  and  poles. 

Pkai:  TREE,  used  for  turnery,  joiners' 
tools,  chairs,  and  picture-frames. 

It  is  worth  knowing  that  pear  grafts 
on  a  quince  stock  produce  the  most 
abundant  and  luscious  fruit. 

Pi*k  Tiucic.    The  "Old  Guardsman," 


in     Vane., uver's     Island,     is     the     lar_-ert 

Dougas  pine.     It  is  16  feet  in  di 
51  feet  in  girth,  and  160  feet  in  height. 
At  one  time  it  was  60  feet  higher,  but  its 
top  was  broken  ofi  in  a  storm. 

Tjc  pin  e*t  ampbq^aa  dltpaula,  en  pliinrhe*,  en  tuynui 

I!    touniit    »Ussi    l:i  ■  t,    1/icl. 

Univ.  tU*  Science*. 

Pi. am:  Thick.     Grass  delights  to  grow 

in  its  shade. — B.  P. 

Poplar   Tbkb,   sacred    to    HerculSs. 

No  wood  is  so  little  liable  to  take  tire. 
The  wood  is  excellent  for  wood  carvings 
and  wainscoting,  floors,  laths,  packing- 
boxes,  and  turnery. 

Black  Poplar.  The  bark  is  used  by 
fishermen  for  buoying  their  nets:  brooms 
are  made  of  its  twigs.  In  Flanders, 
clogs  are  made  of  the  wood. 

The  poplar  bursts  into  leaf  between 
March  6  and  April  19. 

ROSE  TREE.  The  rose  is  railed  the 
"queen  of  flowers."  It  is  the  emblem  of 
England,  as  the  thistle  is  ol  Scotland,  the 

shamrock    of     Ireland,    and    the     lily    of 

France. 

It  has  ever  been  a  favourite  on  graves 
as  a  memorial  of  affection;  hence  Pro- 

pertius    says,     "  Ft    tenera    p 
rosa."      In  Rome,  the  day  when  t' 
bll  BSeS  the  golden  rose  is  called  D 
in    Rosa.      The   long    intestine    sir 
tween    the    rival    nouses    of    York    and 
Lancaster  is  called  in  history  the  "  W  u 
of  the  White  and   Red   Roses,"  because 
the  badge  of  the  Yorkists  was  a  white 
rose  and  that  of  the  Lancastrians  a  red 
one.     The  marriage  of   Henry  VII.  with 

Elizabeth  of  York  is  called  the  "Union 
of  the  Two  Roses." 

The  rose  was  anciently  considered  a 
token  of  secrecy,  ami  hence,  to  whisper 
a  thing  si«6  roM  means  it  is  not  to  DC 
repeated. 

In  Persian  fable,  the  rose  is  the  night- 
ingale's bride.  "  His  queen,  his  garden 
queen,  the  rose." 

Sallow,  excellent  for  hurdles,  handles 

of  hatchets,  and  shoemakers'  boards. 
The  honey  of  the  catkins  is  good  forbees, 

ami  the  Highlanders  use  the  bark  for 
tanning  leather. 

SPRUCE  TBI  B  (The)  will  reach  to  the 
a^e  of  1000  yean  and  more.  Spruce  is 
despised   by    English  carpenters,  "as  a 

sorry  sort  of  w 1." 

II  feiirnll  on  Win  ilile  f.j;ineff»,  en  AntUlf  ime* 
brrr    qn'en   pritend  ctrr  riiiinrinenl  antl-acurluiUcjii*.— 

Bouitit't,  met.  (  nir.  iMBttmmm. 

BrOAJIOBI  Tkkk,  used  by  turners  fot 


TREES,  ETC. 


1030 


TREES,  ETC. 


bowls  and  trenchers.  It  burst  into  leaf 
between  March  28  and  April  23. 

St.  Hierom,  who  lived  in  the  fourth 
century  a.d.,  asserts  that  he  himself  had 
seen  the  sycamore  tree  into  which  Zac- 
cheus  climbed  to  see  Jesus  in  His  passage 
from  Jericho  to  Jerusalem. — Luke  xix.  4. 

Strutt  tells  us  of  a  sycamore  tree  in 
Cobham  Park,  Kent,  20  feet  in  girth  and 
90  feet  high.  Another  in  Bishopton, 
Renfrewshire,  20  feet  in  girth  and  GO 
feet  high. — Sylva  Britannica. 

Grass  will  flourish  beneath  this  tree, 
and  the  tree  will  thrire  by  the  sea-side. 

Tamarisk  Tree  does  not  dislike  the 
sea-spray,  and  therefore  thrives  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  sea. 

The  Unmans  used  to  wreathe  the  heads 
of  criminals  with  tamarisk  withes.  The 
Tartars  and  Russians  make  whip-handles 
of  the  wood. 

The  tamarisk  is  excellent  for  besoms. 
— B.  P. 

Upas  Tkke,  said  to  poison  everything 
in  its  vicinity.  This  is  only  lit  for  poetry 
and  romance. 

Walnut,  best  wood  for  gunstocks  ; 
cabinet-makers  use  it  largely. 

This  tree  thrives  best  in  valleys,  and  is 
most  fertile  when  most  beaten. — B.  P. 

A  womnu.  a,  spaniel,  anil  walnut  tree, 

The  more  you  beat  them,  the  letter  they  be. 

T.i)  lor,  the  "  water-j>oet  "  (1630). 
Uneasy  seated  hy  funereal  Yeugh, 
Or  Walnut,  whose  malignant  touch  Impair* 
All  generous  fruits. 

Philips,  Cyder.  1.  (1706). 

Wiiitkthokn,  used  for  axle-trees,  the 
handles  of  tools,  and  turnery. 

The  identical  whitethorn  planted  by 
queen  Mary  of  Scotland  in  the  garden- 
court  of  the  regent  Murray,  is  still  alive, 
and  is  about  5  feet  in  girth  near  the  base. 
— .Tones,  Edinburgh  Illustrated. 

The  Troglodytes  adorned  the  graves  of 
their  parents  with  branches  of  whitethorn. 
It  formed  the  nuptial  chaplet  of  Athenian 
brides,  and  the  fusees  nuptiarum  of  the 
Roman  maidens. 

Every  shepherd  tells  his  tale 
Under  the  hawthorn  in  the  dale. 

Milton,  V Allegro  (1638). 

Willow,  used  for  clogs,  ladders, 
trenchers,  pill-boxes,  milk-pails,  butter- 
firkins,  bonnets,  cricket  bats,  hop-poles, 
cradles,  crates,  baskets,  etc.  It  makes 
excellent  charcoal,  and  a  willow  board 
will  sharpen  knives  and  other  tools  like 
a  hone. 

Willows  to  panting  shepherds  shade  dispense. 
To  bees  Uieir  honey,  and  to  com  defence. 

Googe,  V irtjil'i  lievrgiet,  1L 

It  is  said  that  victims  were  enclosed 


in  wicker-work  made  of  willow  wood, 
and  consumed  in  fires  by  the  druida. 
Martial  tells  us  that  the  old  Britons  were 
very  skilful  in  weaving  willows  into 
baskets  and  boats  (Epigrams,  xiv.  90). 
The  shields  which  so  long  resisted  the 
Roman  legions  were  willow  wood  covered 
with  leather. 

Wtch  Elm,  once  in  repute  for  arrows 
and  long-bows.  Affords  excellent  wood 
for  the  wheeler  and  millwright.  Th6 
young  bark  is  used  for  securing  thatch 
and  bindings,  and  is  made  into  rope. 

The  wych  elm  at  Polloc,  Renfrewshire, 
is  88  feet  high,  12  feet  in  girth,  and 
contains  609  feet  of  timber.  O-De  at  Tut- 
bury  is  16  feet  in  girth. — Strutt,  Sylva 
Britannioa. 

At  Field,  in  Staffordshire,  is  a  wych 
elm  120  feet  high  and  25  feet  in  girth 
about  the  middle. — Plot. 

Yew  Tree.  The  wood  is  converted 
into  bows,  axle-trees,  spoons,  cups,  cogs 
for  mill-wheels,  flood-gates  for  fish-ponds 
(because  the  wood  does  not  soon  decay), 
bedsteads  (because  bugs  and  fleas  will  not 
come  near  it).  Gate-posts  of  yew  are  more 
durable  than  iron  ;  the  steps  of  ladders 
should  be  made  of  this  wood  ;  and  no 
material  is  equal  to  it  for  market-stools. 
Cabinet-makers  and  inlayers  prize  it. 

In  Aberystwith  churchyard  is  a  yew 
tree  2-1  feet  in  girth,  and  another  in  Sel- 
born  churchyard  of  the  same  circumfer- 
ence. One  of  the  yews  at  Fountaip  Abbey, 
Yorkshire,  is  20  feet  in  girth  ;  one  at 
Aldworth,  in  Berkshire,  is  27  feet  in 
girth  ;  one  in  Totteridge  churchyard  32 
feet ;  and  one  in  Fortingal  churchyard,  in 
Perthshire  (according  to  Pennantl,  is  52 
feet  in  circumference  (4  feet  from  the 
ground). 

The  yew  tree  in  East  Lavant  church- 
yard is  31  feet  in  girth,  just  below  the 
spring  of  the  branches.  There  are  five 
huge  Dranches  each  as  big  as  a  tree,  with 
a  girth  varying  from  G  to  14  feet.  The 
tree  covers  an  area  of  51  feet  in  every 
direction,  and  above  150  feet  in  circuit. 
It  is  above  1000  years  old. 

The  yew  tree  at  Martley,  Worcester,  Is 
346  years  old,  being  planted  three  days 
before  the  birth  of  queen  Elizabeth. 
That  in  Harlington  churchyard  is  above 
850  years  old.  That  at  Ankerwyke,  near 
Staines,  is  said  to  be  the  same  undei 
which  king  John  signed  Magna  Charta, 
and  to  have  been  the  trysting-tree  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  Anne  Boleyne.  Three 
yew  trees  at  Fountain  Abbey,  we  are 
told,  were  full-grown  trees  in  1128,  when 


TREES,  ETC. 

the  founders  of  the  abbey  held  council 
therein  the  reign  of  William  Rufns.  The 
vew  tree  of  Itraburn,  in  Kent  (according 
to  De  Candolle),  is  30(Ji)  years  old!!  It 
may  be  so,  if  it  is  true  that  the  yew  trees 
of  Kingley  Bottom,  Dear  Chichester,  were 
Btanding  when  the  sea-kings  landed  on 
the  Sussex  coast,  and  those  in  Norbury 
Park  are  the  very  same  which  were 
Btanding  in  the  time  of  the  ancient 
druids. 

Grass  will  prow  boneath  alder,  ash, 
cypress,  elm,  plane,  and  sycamore ;  but 
not  beneath  aspen,  beech,  chestnut,  and 
fir. 

Sea-spray  does  not  injure  sycamore  or 
tamarisk. 

Chestnut  and  olive  never  warp ;  larch 
is  most  apt  to  warp. 

For  posts  the  best  woods  are  yew,  oak, 
and  larch  ;  one  of  the  worst  is  chestnut. 
For  picture-frames,  maple,  pear,  oak,  and 
cherry  are  excellent. 

Fleas  dislike  alder,  cedar,  myrtle,  and 
yew  ;  hares  and  rabbits  never  injure  lime 
bark ;  moths  and  spiders  avoid  cedar ; 
worms  never  attack  juniper.  Beech  and 
ash  are  very  subject  to  attacks  of  insects. 
Beech  i3  the  favourite  of  dormice,  acacia 
of  nightingales. 

For  binding  faggots,  the  best  woods 
are  guelder  rose,  hazel,  osier,  willow,  and 
mountain  ash. 

Knives  and  all  sorts  of  instruments 
may  be  sharpened  on  ivy  roots,  willow, 
and  holly  wood,  as  well  as  on  a  hone. 

Birdlime  is  made  from  holly  and  the 
guelder  rose. 

Baskets  are  made  of  osier,  willow,  and 
other  wicker  and  withy  shoots  ;  besoms, 
of  birch,  tamarisk,  heath,  etc.  ;  A 
of  ha/el  ;  barrels  and  tubs,  of  chestnut 
and  oak  ;  fishin<[-rods,  of  ash,  hazel,  and 
blackthorn  ;  gunstocks,  of  maple  and 
walnut;  skewers,  of  elder  and  skewer 
wood  ;  the  teeth  of  rakes,  of  blackthorn, 
ash,  and  the  twigs  called  withy. 

The  best  woods  for  turnery  are  box, 
abler,  beech,  sycamore, and  pear;  for  Tun- 
brid/e  ware,  lime  ;  for  wood  carving,  box, 
lime,  and  poplar;  for  clogs,  willow,  alder, 
and  beech  ;   for  oars,  ash. 

Beech  is  called  the  cabinet-makers*  wood  ; 
oak  and  elm,  the  ship-buHders?  ;  ash,  the 

ir'ir  •t-irri}hts' . 

There  are  several  beautiful  lists  of  trees 
given  by  poets.  For  example,  in  Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered,  iii.,  at  the  end,  «  here 
men  are  sent  to  cut  down  trees  for  the 
funeral  pile  of  Dudon.  In  Statins,  The 
Tfubatd,  vi.,  where  the  felling  of  trees  for 


1031 


TRENT. 


the  pile  of  the  infant  ArchemOrus  is  dat 
Bcribed.     In    Spei  Queen,    I.  i 

8,  !',  where  the  Red  Cross  Knight  and  th( 
lady  seek  shelter  during  a  storm,  and 
much  admire  the  forest  trees. 

Trees  of  the  Sun  and  Moon, 
oracular  trees  growing  "at  the  extremity 
of  India,''  mentioned  in  the  Italian  rf>- 
mance  of  Guerino  Mesehinot. 

Tregeagle,  the  giant  of  Doamary 
Pool,    on    Bodmin     Downs    (Cornwall)! 

Winn  the  wintry  winds  blare  over  the 
downs,  it  is  said  to  be  the  giant 
howling. 

Trelawny  Ballad  (The)  is  by  the 
Rev.    R.  s.    Hawker  of   Morwenstow. — 

Notes  and  Queries,  -111  (June,  1870). 

Tremor  (Sir  Luke),  a  desperate 
coward,  living  in  India,  who  made  it  a 
rule  never  to  fight  either  in  his  own  house, 
his  neighbours  house,  or  in  the  street. 
This  lily-livered  desperado  is  everlastingly 
snubbing  his  wife.  (See  TripPKT,  p. 
1034.) 

Lady  Tremor,  daughter  of  a  grocer,  ana 
grandchild  of  a  wig-maker.  Very  sensi- 
tive on  the  subject  of  her  plebeian  birth, 
and  wanting  to  be  thought  a  lady  of  high 
family. — Mrs.  Inchbald,  Sueh  Things  Ar4 
(1786). 

Tremydd  ap  Tremhidydd,  the 

man  with  the  keenest  sight  of  all  mortals. 
lie  could  discern  "  a  mote  in  the  sunbeam 
in  any  of  the  four  quarters  of  the  world." 
Clustfein  ap  Clustfeinydd  was  no  less  cele- 
brated for  his  acuteness  of  hearing,  ''his 
ear  bein^r  distressed  by  the  movement  of 
dew  in  June  over  a  blade  of  grass."  The 
meaning  of  these  names  is,  "Sight  the  son 
ol  Seer,"  and  '•  Bar  the  son  of  Hearer." — 

The  Mabinogion  ("  Notes  to  Geraint,"  etc., 

twelfth  century). 

Trenmor,  great-grandfather  of  Fin- 
gal,  and  kiriLT  of  Morven  (north-west  of 
Scotland).  His  wife  was  lnibaea,  daugh- 
ter of  the  king  of  Lochlin  or  Denmark. — 
Ossian,  Fingal,  vi. 

In  Temora,  ii.,  he  is  railed  the  first 
king  of  Ireland,  and  father  of  Conar. 

Trent,  says  Drayton,  is  the  third 
in  size  of  the  rivers  of  England,  the  two 
larger  being  the  Thames  and  the  Seven* 
Arden  being  asked  which  ol  her  rills  she 

intended  to  be  the  chief,  the  wizard 
answered,  the  Trent,  for  trent  means 
"thirty,"  and  thirty  rivers  should  con- 
tribute to  its  stream,  thirty  different  sorts 


TRENT. 


1032 


TRIERMAIN. 


of  fish  should  live  in  it,  and  thirty  abbeys 
be  built  on  its  banks. 

.  .  .  my  name  I  take 
That  thirty  doth  Import  ;  thus  thirty  rivers  make 
My  greatness  .  .   .  thirty  ablieys  great 
Upon  my  fruitful  banks  times  formerly  did  seat ; 
And  thirty  kinds  of  fish  within  my  streams  do  live. 
To  me  this  name  of  Trent  did  from  that  numlier  give. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xii.  (1613),  and  xxvi.  (1622). 

Trent  (Fred),  the  scapegrace  brother  of 
little  Nell.  "  He  was  a  young  man  of 
one  and  twenty  ;  well-made,  and  certainly 
handsome,  but  dissipated,  and  insolent  in 
air  and  bearing."  The  mystery  of  Fred 
Trent  and  little  Nell  is  cleared  up  in 
zh.  lxix. — C.  Dickens,  Tlie  Old  Curiosity 
Shop  (1840). 

Tres  (Scriptorcs)  :  Richardus  Corin- 
ensis  or  Richard  of  Cirencester  (fourteenth 
century)  ;  Gildas  Hadonicus  ;  and  Nennius 
Banchorensie ;  published  bv  professor 
Bertram  (1767). 

Tresham  (Mr.),  senior  partner  of 
Mr.  Osbaldistone,  senior. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Mob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

Tresham  (Richard),  same  as  general 
Witherington,  who  first  appears  as 
Matthew  Middlemas. 

Richard  Tresham,  the  son  of  general 
Witherington.  He  is  also  called  Richard 
Middlemas.—  SirVV.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's 
Daughter  (time,  George  II.). 

Tres' ham  ( Thorold  lord),  head  of  a  noble 
family,  whose  boast  was  that  "no  blot 
had  ever  stained  their 'scutcheon,"  though 
the  family  ran  back  into  pre-historic 
times.  He  was  a  young,  unmarried  man, 
with  a  sister  Mildred,  a  girl  of  14,  living 
with  him.  His  near  neighbour,  Henry 
earl  of  Mertoun,  asked  permission  to  pay 
his  addresses  to  Mildred,  and  Thorold 
accepted  the  proposal  with  much  pleasure. 
The  old  warrener  next  day  told  Thorold 
he  had  observed  for  several  weeks  that 
a  young  man  climbed  into  Mildred's 
chamber  at  night-time,  and  he  would 
have  spoken  before,  but  did  not  like  to 
bring  his  young  mistress  into  trouble. 
Thorold  wrung  from  his  sister  an  acknow- 
ledgment of  the  fact,  but  she  refused  to 
give  up  the  name,  yet  said  she  was  quite 
willing  to  marry  the  earl.  This  Thorold 
thought  would  be  dishonourable,  and  re- 
solved to  lie  in  wait  for  the  unknown 
/isitor.  On  his  approach,  Thorold  dis- 
covered it  was  the  earl  of  Mertoun,  and 
he  slew  him,  then  poisoned  himself,  and 
Mildred  died  of  a  broken  heart. — Robert 
browning,  A  Blot  on  the  'Scutcheon. 

Tressilian  (Edmund),  the  betrothed 


of  Amy  Robsart.  Amy  marries  the 
earl  of  Leicester,  and  is  killed  by  falling 
into  a  deep  pit,  to  which  she  had  been 
scandalously  inveigled. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Tre'visan  (Sir),  a  knight  to  whom 
Despair  gave  a  hempen  rope,  that  he 
might  go  and  hang  himself. — Spenser, 
Fabry  Queen,  i.  (1590). 

Tribulation  [Wholesome],  a 
pastor  of  Amsterdam,  who  thinks  "the 
end  will  sanctify  the  means,"  and  uses 
"  the  children  of  perdition  "  to  promote 
his  own  object,  which  he  calls  the  "  work 
of  God."  He  is  one  of  the  dupes  of 
Subtle  "  the  alchemist "  and  his  factotum 
Face. — Ben  Jonson,  'The  Alchemist  (1C10). 

Tribune  of  the  People  (The). 
John  Bright  (1811-        ). 

Tricolour,  the  national  badge  of 
France  since  1789.  It  consists  of  the 
Bourbon  white  cockade,  and  the  blue  and 
red  cockade  of  the  city  of  Paris  combined. 
It  was  Lafayette  who  devised  this  sym- 
bolical union  of  king  and  people,  and 
when  he  presented  it  to  the  nation, 
"Gentlemen,"  said  he,  "I  bring  you  a 
cockade  that  shall  make  the  tour  of  the 
world."  (See  Stohxeli.o  Verses,  p. 
948.) 

If  you  will  wear  a  livery,  let  It  at  least  be  that  of  the  city 
of  Paris — blue  and  red,  my  friends. — Dumas,  Six  J'eart 
Afterward*,  xv.  (1S46). 

Tricoteuses  de  Robespierre 
(Les),  femmes  qui  assistaient  en  tricotant 
aux  seances  de  la  Convention,  des  clubs 
populaires,  etdu  tribunal  re'volutionnaire. 
Encourage'es  par  la  commune,  elles  se 
porte'rent  a  de  tels  exce's  qu'on  les 
Bumomma  les  Furies  de  la  guillotine. 
Elles  disparurent  avec  la  society  des 
Jacobins. — Bouillet,  Diet.  Universel. 

Triermain  (The  Bridal  of),  a  poem 
by  sir  Walter  Scott,  in  four  cantos,  with 
introduction  and  conclusion  (1813).  In 
the  introduction,  Arthur  is  represented  a« 
the  person  who  tells  the  tale  to  Lucy,  his 
bride.  Gyneth,  a  natural  daughter  of 
king  Arthur  and  Guendolen,  was  pro- 
mised in  marriage  to  the  bravest  knight 
in  a  tournament;  but  she  suffered  so  many 
combatants  to  fall  without  dropping  the 
warder,  that  Merlin  threw  her  into  an 
enchanted  sleep,  from  which  she  was  not 
to  wake  till  a  knight  as  brave  as  those 
who  had  fallen  claimed  her  in  marriage. 
After  the  lapse  of  500  years,  sir  Roland 
de  Vaux,  baron  of  Triermain,  undertook 


TUIFALDI. 


1033 


TRIP  TO  SCARI50ROUGH. 


to  break  the  spoil,  but  had  first  to  over- 
come four  temptations!  viz.,  fear, avarice, 
pleasure,  and  ambition.  Having  come 
oil'  more  than  conqueror,  Gyneth  awoke, 
and  became  his  bride. 

Trifal'di  (The  countess),  called  "  The 
Afflicted  Duenna"  of  the  princess  Anto- 
nomasia  (heiress  to  the  throne  of  I  landaya). 

She  was  called  Trifaldi  from  lier  robe, 
which  was  divided  into  three  tri.m  ;les, 
each  of  which  was  supported  by  a  page. 
The  face  of  this  duenna  was,  by  the 
enchantment  of  the  giant  Malambru'no, 
covered  with  a  large,  rough  beard,  but 
when  don  Quixote  mounted  Clavileno 
the  Winged,  "the  enchantment  was 
dissolved." 

The  renowned  knight  don  Quixote  de  la  Mancha  hath 
achieved  the  adventure  merely  by  attempting  it.  Malam- 
brono  u  appeased,  and  the  chin  o(  the  Dolorida  dnefia  is 

again  beardless. — Cervantes,  Huniiuixott,  II.  iii.4  5(1016). 

Trifal'din  of  the  "Bushy  Heard" 
(white  as  snow),  the  gigantic  'squire  of 
"The  Afflicted  Duenna"  the  countess 
Trifaldi. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  11.  iii. 
<t  (1615). 

Trifle  (Miss  Penelope),  an  old  maidi  a 
sister  of  sir  Penurious  Trille.  Stiff  as  a 
ramrod,  prim  as  line  airs  and  graces 
could  make  her,  fond  of  long  words,  and 
delighting  in  phrases  modelled  in  true 
Johnsonian  ponderosity. 

Trifle  (Miss  Sukey),  daughter  of  sir 
Penurious,  tricked  into  marriage  with 
Mr.  Ha'top,  a  young  spendthrift,  who  fell 
in  love  with  her  fortune. 

*+*  Sir  Penurious  Trifle  is  not  intro- 
duced, but  llartop  assumes  his  character, 
and  makes  him  fond  of  telling  stale  and 
pointless  stories.  He  addresses  sir  (ire- 
gory  as  "you  knight." — Footc,  The 
J\  in./ /its  (1754). 

Trim  (Corporal),  uncle  Toby's 
orderly.  Faithful,  simple-minded,  and 
most  affectionate.  Voluble  in  speech, 
but  most  respectful.  Half  companion, 
but  never  forgetting  he  is  his  master's 
servant.  Trim  is  the  duplicate  of  uncle 
Toby  in  delf.  The  latter  at  all  times 
shows  himself  the  officer  and  the  gentle- 
man, born  to  command  and  used  to 
obedience,  while  the  former  always 
carries  traces  of  the  drill-yard,  and  shows 
that  he  has  been  accustomed  to  receive 
orders  with  deference,  and  to  execute 
them  with  military  precision.  It  is  a 
great  compliment  to  say  that  the  corporal 
was  worthy  sueli  a  noble  master. — Sterne, 

The  Life  and  Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy 
(1769). 


Trim.  Illllieul  i.f  being  the  oprx*ito,  1b  .  .  .  Uie  dupli- 
cate of  uncle  Toby  .  .  .  yet  .  .  is  the  character  of  the 
common  soldier  nicety    discriminated  fr<»m  that  of  the 

■    wanting  in  the  luparior.    t  '  I 

a  servant,  he  is  in  reality  a  companion,  and  a 

mixture  ,»f  familiarity  .  .   .  and  reject.   ...     It  I 

thy  u>  w.uk  behind  fail  master. — 
Klwui,  ed.  of  the  quarterly  Jiccieie  U&W-OI). 

Trimalehi,  a  celebrated  cook  in  the 
rei^n  of  Nero,  mentioned  by  Petronins. 
lie  bad  the  art  of  giving  to  the  most 
common  fish  the  flavour  and  appearance 
of  the  most  high Lj  Like  1  de, 

lie  said  that  "sauces  are  the  soul  of 
cookery,  and  cookery  the  soul  of  festivity, '' 
or,  as  the  cat's-meat  man  observed,  "'tis 
the  seasonin'  as  does  it." 

Trinacria.  Sicily  is  so  called  from 
its  three  promontories  (Greek,  tria  akra)  : 
(1)  Peio'rua  (Capo  di  Faro),  in  the  north, 
called  Faro  from  the  pharos  ;  (2)  J'achi/'- 
nus  (Capo  di  Passaro),  in  the  south  ;  (3) 
JMylxz'um  (Capo  di  Marsella  or  Capo  di 
Boco),  in  the  west. 

Our  ship 
Had  left  behind  Trinacria's  burning  Isle, 
And  visited  the  margin  ol  tl 

1  alconor,  The  ^liijiwnrck,  I.  (1761) 

Trin'culo,  a  jester.  —  Shakespeare, 
The  Tempest  (1609). 

A  miscarriage  .  .  .  would  (liko  tho  loss  of  Trlnculo'i 
bottle  in  '!"■  horse-pond)  be  attended  not  only  with 
dishonour  but  with  infinite  loss.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Trin'ket  (Lord),  a  man  of  fashion 
and  a  libertine. 

He  is  just  polite  enough  to  be  able  to  be  very  un> 
mannerly,  with  a  great  deal  of  good  breeding;  is  Just 
handsome  enough  to  make  him  • 

uul  basjusl  reflection  enough  t>>  hm  fa 
a  coxcomb;  qualifications.  .  .  rerj  common  an 
nun  of  quality, — (J.   Column.  The  Jcaleut    II  ('«.  ii.    I 

nmj. 

Tri'nobants,  people  of  Trii: 
tium,    that    is,    Middlesex    and      Essex. 
Their   chief    town    was    Tri'novant,   now 
London. 

So  eastward  where  by  Thames  the  Trlnobantl  w 

To    Ton. ivant    their    town   .  .  .  That    London  now  w» 

teT  til    .   .    . 

Ibe  Saxons ...  than*  east  kingdom  caDed    I 

Drayton,  Potto  Hon,  ui.  U<313). 

Tri'novant,  London,  the  chief  town 
of  the  Trinobantes  ;  called  in  fable, 
"Troja  Nova."     (See  Trotkovaht.) 

Triliquot,  one  of  the  seven  attendants 
of  Fortunio.     His  gifl  was  thai  he  could 

drink  a  river  and  be  thirsty  again.     "  Are 

you  always  thirsty?"  asked  Fortunio. 
"No,"  said  the  man,  "onlj  alter  eating 

Fall    meat,  or   upon   a  wager."-  Conites.se 

D'Aunoy,      Fatry     Tales    (u  Fortunio," 

Trip     to     Searborougli     (A),    a 


TRIPE. 


1034 


TRISTRAM. 


comedy  by  Sheridan  (1777),  based  on 
The  Relapse,  by  Vanbrugh  (1697).  Lord 
Foppington  goes  to  Scarborough  to 
marry  Miss  Hoyden,  daughter  of  sir 
Tunbelly  Clumsy,  but  his  lordship  is  not 
known  personally  to  the  knight  and  his 
daughter.  Tom  Fashion,  younger  brother 
of  lord  Foppington,  having  been  meanly 
treated  by  hiB  elder  brother,  resolves  to 
outwit  him ;  so,  passing  himself  off  as  lord 
Foppington,  he  gets  introduced  to  sir 
Tunbelly,  and  marriesMiss  Hoyden  before 
the  rightful  claimant  appears.  When  at 
length  lord  Foppington  arrives,  he  is 
treated  as  an  impostor,  till  Tom  Fashion 
explains  the  ruse.  As  his  lordship 
behaves  contumeliously  to  the  knight, 
matters  are  easily   arranged,  lord  Fop- 

?ington  retires,  and  sir  Tunbelly  accepts 
'om    Fashion    as    his    son-in-law    with 
good  grace. 

Tripe  (1  syl.),  the  nickname  of  Mrs. 
Hamilton,  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre 
(1730-1788). 

Mrs.  Hamilton,  being  hissed,  came  forward  and  said, 
"(ii'inmrn  ami  ladies,  I  suppose  as  how  you  hiss  me 
because  I  did  not  play  at  Mrs.  Bellamy's  benefit  I  would 
have  done  so,  but  she  said  as  how  my  audience  were  all 
tri|>e  people. "  When  the  fair  spcechifiergot  thus  far.  the 
pit  roared  out  "  Well  said\  Tripe  I "  a  title  she  retained 
till  she  quitted  Uie  theatre. — Jteinoir  of  Mrt.  JJamilton 
(1803), 

Triple  Alliance  (The). 

1.  A  treaty  between  Great  Britain, 
Sweden,  and  the  United  Provinces,  in 
16(>8,  for  the  purpose  of  checking  the 
ambition  of  Louis  XIV. 

2.  A  treaty  between  George  1.  of 
England,  Philip  duke  of  Orleans  regent 
of  France,  and  the  United  Provinces,  for 
the  purpose  of  counteracting  the  plans  of 
Alberoni  the  Spanish  minister,  1717. 

Trippet  (Beau),  who  "  pawned  his 
honour  to  Mrs.  Trippet  never  to  draw 
sword  in  any  cause,"  whatever  might  be 
the  provocation.     (See  Tremor,  p.  1031.) 

Mrs.  Trippet,  the  beau's  wife,  who 
"  would  dance  for  four  and  twenty  hours 
together,"  and  play  cards  for  twice  that 
length  of  time.  —  Garrick,  The  Lying 
Valet  (1740). 

Tripping  as  an  Omen. 

"When  Julius  Csesar  landed  at  Adrume- 
tum,  in  Africa,  he  happened  to  trip  and 
fall  on  his  face.  This  would  have  been 
considered  a  fatal  omen  by  his  army, 
but,  with  admirable  presence  of  mind,  he 
exclaimed,  "Thus  take  I  possession  of 
thee,  O  Africa  !  " 

A  similar  story  is  told  of  Scipio. 
Upon    his    arrival     in    Africa,   he    also 


happened  to  trip,  and,  observing  that 
his  soldiers  looked  upon  this  as  a  bad 
omen,  he  clutched  the  earth  with  his 
two  hands,  and  cried  aloud,  "  Now, 
Africa,  I  hold  thee  in  my  grasp  ! " — Don 
Quixote,  II.  iv.  6. 

When  William  the  Conqueror  leaped 
on  shore  at  Bulverhythe,  he  fell  on  his 
face,  and  a  great  cry  went  forth  that  the 
omen  was  unlucky  ;  but  the  duke  ex- 
claimed, "  I  take  seisin  of  this  land  with 
both  my  hands  !  " 

The  same  story  is  told  of  Napoleon 
in  Egypt ;  of  king  Olaf,  son  of  Harald, 
in  Norway  ;  of  Junius  Brutus,  who, 
returning  from  the  oracle,  fell  on  the 
earth,  and  cried,  "'Tis  thus  I  kiss  thee, 
mother  Earth !  " 

When  captain  Jean  Cceurprcux  tripped 
in  dancing  at  the  Tuileries,  Napoleon  III. 
held  out  his  hand  to  help  him  up,  and 
said,  "Captain,  this  is  the  second  time 
I  have  seen  you  fall.  The  first  was  by 
my  side  in  the  field  of  Magenta."  Then 
turning  to  the  lady  he  added,  "Madam, 
captain  Cceurpreux  is  honccforth  com- 
mandant of  my  Guides,  and  will  never 
fall  in  duty  or  allegiance,  I  am  persuaded." 

Trismegistus  ("thrice  greatest"), 
Hermes  the  Egyptian  philosopher,  oi 
Thoth  councillor  of  Osiris.  He  invented 
the  art  of  writing  in  hieroglyphics, 
harmony,  astrology,  magic,  the  lute  and 
lyre,  and  many  other  things. 

Tris'sotin,  a  bel  esprit.  Philaminte 
(3  syl.),  a  femme  savante,  wishes  him  to 
marry  her  daughter  Henriette,  but  Hen- 
riette  is  in  love  with  Clitandre.  The 
difficulty  is  soon  solved  by  the  announce- 
ment that  Henriette's  father  is  on  the 
verge  of  bankruptcy,  whereupon  Trissotin 
makes  his  bow  and  retires. — Molieie, 
Les  Femrnes  Savantes  (1G7'2). 

Trissotin  is  meant  for  the  abbe'  Crotin, 
who  affected  to  be  poet,  gallant,  and 
preacher.  His  dramatic  name  was  "  Tri- 
cotin." 

Tristram  (Sir),  son  of  sir  MeliQdaa 
king  of  Li'onGs  and  Elizabeth  his  wife 
(daughter  of  sir  Mark  king  of  Cornwall). 
He  was  called  Tristram  ("sorrowful"), 
because  his  mother  died  in  giving  him 
birth.  His  father  also  died  when  Tris- 
tram was  a  mere  lad  (pt.  ii.  1).  He  was 
knighted  by  his  uncle  Mark  (pt.  ii.  5),  and 
married  Isond  le  Blanch  Mains,  daughter 
of  Howell  king  of  Britain  (Brittany)  ; 
but  he  never  loved  her,  nor  would  he 
live  with  her.  His  whole  love  was  cen- 
tred on  his  aunt.  La  Belle  Isond,  wife 


TRISTRAM'S  BOOK. 


1035 


TRIUMVIRATE. 


of  king  Mark,  and  this  unhappy  attach- 
ment was  the  cause  of  numberless 
troubles,  and  ultimately  of  his  death. 
La  Belle  Isond,  however,  was  quite  as 
culpable  as  the  knight,  fur  she  herself 
told  him,  "  My  measure  of  hate  for  Mark 
is  as  the  measure  of  my  love  for  thee  ;  " 
and  when  she  found  that  her  husband 
would  not  allow  sir  Tristram  to  remain 
at  Tintag'il  Castle,  she  eloped  with  him, 
and  lived  three  years  at  Joyous  Guard, 
near  Carlisle.  At  length  she  returned 
homo,  and  sir  Tristram  followed  her. 
His  death  is  variously  related.  Thus  the 
•ii:.4<>ry  of  Prince  Arthur  says  : 

,,  .en  by  means  of  a  treaty  sir  Tristram  brought  again 
Xa  tteale  '  :id  unto  king  Mark  from  Joyous  Guard,  tho 
false  tra''  «  r  '.  mg  Mark  slew  the  noble  knight  as  he  sat 
harping  i.efore  his  lady,  1-a  Beale  Isond,  with  a  sharp- 
ground  <  aive  which  lie  thrust  into  him  from  behind 
his  bacK.— Pt.  .U.  147  (1470). 

Tennyson  gives  the  tale  thus  :  He  says 
that  sir  Tristram,  dallying  with  his  aunt, 
hung  a  ruby  carcanet  round  her  throat ; 
ami,  as  he  kissed  her  neck  : 

Out  of  the  dark,  just  as  the  lips  had  touched, 
Behind  him  rose  a  shadow  and  a  shriek — 
*'  M;trk's  way  1 "  said  Mark,  and  clove  him  thro'  tho  brain. 
Tennyson,  Idytli  ("The  Last  Tournament"). 

Another  tale  is  this  :  Sir  Tristram  was 
severely  wounded  in  Brittany,  and  sent 
a  dying  request  to  his  aunt  to  come  and 
see  him.  If  she  consented,  a  white  flag 
was  to  he  hoisted  on  the  mast-head  of  her 
ship  ;  if  not,  a  black  one.  His  wife  told 
him  the  ship  was  in  sight,  displaying  a 
black  flag,  at  which  words  the  strong 
man  bowed  his  head  and  died.  When 
his  aunt  came  ashore  and  heard  of  his 
death,  she  flung  herself  on  the  body, 
and  died  also.  The  two  were  buried  in 
one  grave,  and  Mark  planted  over  it  a 
rose  and  a  vine,  which  became  so  inter- 
woven it  was  not  possible  to  separate 
them. 

%*  Sir  Launcelot,  sir  Tristram,  and 
sir  Lamorake  were  the  three  bravest  and 
best  of  the  150  knights  of  the  Round 
Table,  but  were  all  equally  guilty  in 
their  amours:  Sir  Launcelot  with  the 
queen;  sir  Tristram  with  his  aunt,  king 
Mark  s  wife  ;  and  sir  Lamorake  with  his 
aunt,  king  Lot's  wife. 

Tristram's  Book  (Sir).  Any  book 
of  venery,  hunting,  or  hawking  is  so 
called. 

Tristram  began  good  measures  of  blowing  good  blast* 
of  venery,  and  of  eh. ice.  and  of  all  mantlet  of  vermin. 
All  the  .'■  terms  nave  we  -mi  of  hawking  ami  hunting, 
and  therefore  a  book  of  venery  ...  Is  called  Th*  Boot 
if  Sir  /rutnjm.— Sir  T.  Malory.  Uutory  0/  l'rince 
Arthur,  U.  3  (1470). 

tiir     Tristram' 3    JIvrsc,    l'assetrcul     or 


Passe  Brewell.  It  is  called  both,  but 
one  seems  to  be  a  clerical  error. 

(Passe  Brewell  is  in  sir  T.  Malory's 
History  of  Print  e  Arthur,  ii.  08.) 

J/istur;/  of  Sir  Tristram  or  Tristan, 
The  oldest  story  is  by  Gotfrit  of  Stras- 
bourg, a  minnesinger  (twelfth  century), 
entitled  J'ri,<t>tn  and  Isolde.  It  was  con- 
tinued by  Dlrich  of  Turbeim,  by  Bein- 
rich  of  Freyburg,  and  others,  to  the 
extent  of  many  thousand  verses.  The 
tale  of  sir  Tristram,  derived  from  Welsh 
traditions,  was  versified  by  Thomas  the 
Rhymer  of  Erceldoune. 

The  second  part  of  the  JIist"r</  of 
Prince  Arthur,  compiled  by  sir  T. 
Malory,  is  almost  exclusively  confined 
to  the  adventures  of  sir  Tristram,  as  the 
third  part  is  to  the  adventures  of  sir 
Launcelot  and  the  quest  of  the  holy 
graal  (1470). 

.Matthew  Arnold  has  a  poem  entitled 
Tristram;  and  R.  Wagner,  in  1865,  pro- 
duced his  opera  of  Tristan  and  1 

See  Michel,  Tristan  ;  Becveil  de  ce  qui 
reste  des  Tuimcs  rclatifs  a  scs  Aiaiturcs 
(1835). 

rristrem  l'Hermite,  provost-mai- 
sflal  of  France  in  the  rei^n  of  Louis  XI. 
Introduced  by  sir  W.  Scott  in  Quentin 
Pv'rard  (1823)  and  in  Anne  of  Geier stein 
(.  SJ). 

Tritheim  (/.),  chronicler  and  theo- 
logian of  Treves,  elected  abbot  of  Span- 
heun  at  the  age  of  22  years.  He  tried 
to  reform  the  monks,  but  produced  a 
revolt,  and  resigned  his  office.  He  was 
then  appointed  abbot  of  Wiirzburg  (1462- 
1510). 

Old  Tritheim,  busied  with  his  class  the  while. 

B.  Browning,  V'aiuce/iiu,  I  (1S38(. 

Triton,  the  sea-trumpeter.  He 
blows  through  a  shell  to  rouse  or  allay 
the  sea.     A  post-1  lesiodie  fable. 

Have  sight  of  Proteus  cowling  from  the  sea, 
Or  hear  old  Triton  Mow  1il»  wrcaUu-.l  li.ro. 

Words  wort  u 

Trito'nia's  Sacred  Fane,  thvj 
temple  of  Minerva,  which  once  crowned 
"the  marble  steep  ol  Sunium  "  or  Co- 
lonna,  the  most  southern  point  of  Attica. 

There  [on   caj*   Colouring    reared   b?   fair  dcroUou   to 

■nitaln 
In  elder  times  Tritonla's  sacred  (an*, 

■r,  ik,  BMpwroot,  liL  a  (I7«av 
Triumvirate     (The)     in     English 
history  :   The  duke  of   BfarlhprOUgh  cot. 

trolling  foreign  allairs,  lord  (Jodolphin 
controlling  council  and  parliament,  and 
the  duchess  of  Marlborough  controlling 

the  court  and  queen. 


TRIUMVIRATE  OF  ENGLAND.      1036 


TROJAN. 


Triumvirate  of  England  ( The) : 
Gower,  Chaucer,  and  Lydgate,  poets. 

Triumvirate  of  Italian  Poets 
{The) :  Dante,  Boccaccio,  and  Petrarch. 

Boccaccio  wrote  poetry,  without  doubt, 
but  is  now  chiefly  known  as  "  The  Father 
of  Italian  Prose."  These  three  are  more 
correctly  called  the  "  Trecentisti  "  (q.v.). 

Triv'ia,  Diana;  so  called  because 
she  had  three  faces,  Luna  in  heaven, 
Diana  on  earth,  and  Hecate  in  hell. 

The  noble  Brutus  went  wise  Trivia  to  inquire. 
To  show  them  where  the  stock  of  ancient  Troy  to  place. 
M.  Drayton,  PolyolHon,  L  (1612). 

Gay  has  a  poem  in  three  books,  called 
Trivia  or  the  Art  of  Walking  the  Streets 
of  London.  The  first  book  describes  the 
"implements  for  walking  and  the  signs 
of  the  weather."  The  second  book  de- 
scribes the  difficulties,  etc.,  of  "  walking 
by  day  ; "  and  the  third,  the  dangers  of 
"  walking  by  night "  (1712). 

*+*  "Trivium"  has  quite  another  mean- 
ing, being  an  old  theological  term  for  the 
three  elementary  subjects  of  education, 
viz.,  grammar,  rhetoric,  and  logic.  The 
"  quadrivium  "  embraced  music,  arith- 
metic, geometry,  and  astronomy,  and  the 
two  together  were  called  the  seven  arts 
or  sciences. 

Troglodytes  (3  or  4  syl.).  Accord- 
ing to  Pliny  (Nat.  Hist.,  v.  8),  the  Trog- 
lodytes lived  in  caves  under  ground,  and 
fed  on  serpents.  In  modern  fwirlance  we 
call  those  who  live  so  secluded  as  not  to 
be  informed  of  the  current  events  of  the 
day,  troglodytes.  Longfellow  calls  a7its 
by  the  same  name. 

[Thou  the)  nomadic  tribes  of  ants 

Dost  jwrsecute  and  overwhelm 

These  hapless  truglodytes  of  thy  realm. 

Longfellow.  To  a  Child. 

Troglody'tes  (4  syl.),  one  of  the  mouse 
heroes  in  the  battle  of  the  frogs  and 
mice.  He  slew  Pelion,  and  was  slain  by 
LymnocTiaris. 

The  strong  Lymnocharis,  who  viewed  with  ire 
A  victor  triumph  and  a  friend  expire  j 
With  bearing  arms  a  rocky  fragment  caught, 
And  fiercely  flung  where  Troglodyte  fought  .  .  . 
Full  on  his  sinewy  neck  the  fragment  fell. 
And  o'er  his  eyelids  clouds  eternal  dwell. 
1'arnell,  Uattle  of  tin)  frogt  and  Mice  (about  1712). 

Troil  (Magnus),  the  old  udaller  of 
Zetland. 

Brenda  Troil,  the  udaller's  younger 
daughter.  She  marries  Mordaunt  Mer- 
toun. 

Minna  Troil,  the  udaller's  elder  daugh- 
ter. In  love  with  the  pirate. — Sir  W. 
Bcott,  The  Pirate  (time,  Willium  III.). 


(A  udaller  is  one  who  holds  his  lands 
by  allodial  tenure.) 

Tro'ilus  (3  syl.),  a  son  of  Priam 
king  of  Troy.  In  the  picture  described 
by  Virgil  (JEneid,  i.  474—478),  he  is  repre- 
sented as  having  thrown  down  his  arms 
and  fleeing  in  his  chariot  "  impar  con- 
gressus  Achilli ; "  he  is  pierced  with  a 
lance,  and,  having  fallen  backwards, 
still  holding  the  reins,  the  lance  with 
which  he  is  transfixed  "  scratches  the 
sand  over  which  it  trails." 

Chaucer  in  his  Troilus  and  Crescide, 
and  Shakespeare  in  his  drama  of  Troitus 
and  Cressida,  follow  Lollius,  an  old 
Lombard  romancer,  historiographer  of 
Urbi'no,  in  Italy.  Lollius's  tale,  wholly 
unknown  in  classic  fiction,  is  that  Troilus 
falls  in  love  with  Cressid  daughter  of  the 
priest   Chalchas,    and    Pandiirus   is   em- 

Eloyed  as  a  go-between.  After  Troilus 
as  obtained  a  promise  of  marriage  from 
the  priest's  daughter,  an  exchange  of 
prisoners  is  arranged,  and  Cressid,  falling 
to  the  lot  of  Diomed,  prefers  her  new 
master  to  her  Trojan  lover. 

Chaucer's  Troilus  aivd  Creseide  is  not 
one  of  the  Canterbury  Tales,  but  quite 
an  independent  one  in  five  books.  It 
contains  824G  lines,  nearly  3000  of  which 
are  borrowed  from  the  Fitostrato  ot 
Boccaccio. 

Trois  Chapitres  (Les)  or  Thk 
Thkee  Chaptebs,  three  theological 
works  on  the  "  Incarnation  of  Christ  and 
His  dual  nature."  The  authors  of  these 
"chapters"  are  Theodore  of  Mopsuestia, 
Theodoret  of  Cyrrhus,  and  Ibas  of  Edessa. 
The  work  was  condemned  in  553  as  here- 
tical. 

Trois  Echelles,  executioner. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Quentin  Duruard  and  Anne  of 
Qeierstei*  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Trois  Eveches  (Les)  or  Thb 
Three  Bishoprics,  Metz,  Toul,  and 
Verdun.  They  for  a  long  time  belonged 
to  Germany,  but  in  1552  were  united  to 
France ;  in  1871  Metz  was  restored  t*» 
the  German  empire. 

Trojan,  a  good  boon  companion,  a 
plucky  fellow  or  man  of  spirit.  Gads- 
hill  says,  "  There  are  other  Trojans  [men 
of  spirit]  that  .  .  .  for  sport  sake  are 
content  to  do  the  profession  [of  thievin  ,1 
some  grace."  So  in  Love's  Labour's  Lost, 
"  Unless  you  play  the  honest  Trojan, 
the  poor  wench  is  cast  away"  (unless 
you  are  a  man  of  sullicieut  spirit  tu  act 
honestly,  the  girl  is  ruined). 


rROMATIION. 


1037 


TROUILLOGAN. 


"He's  a  regular  Trojan,"  means  be  is 
«n  brace  homnw,  a  capital  fellow. 

Troin'atlion,  a  desert  island,  one  of 
the  Orkney  group. — Ossian,  Oithona. 

Trompart,  a  lazy  bnt  wily-witted 
knave,  grown  old  in  cunning.  He  ac- 
companies Braggadoccio  as  his  'squire 
(bk.  ii.  3),  but  took  to  his  heels  when 

Talus  shaved  the  master,  "  reft  his 
shield,"  blotted  out  his  arms,  and  broke 
his  sword  in  twain.  Being  overtaken, 
Talus  gave  him  a  sound  drubbing  (bk.  v. 
3). — Spenser,  Faery  Queen  (1530-6). 

Trondjem's  Cattle  {Remember  the 
bishop  of),  i.e.  look  sharp  after  your 
property  ;  take  heed,  or  you  will  suffer 
for  it.  The  story  is,  a  certain  bishop  of 
Trondjem  [Tron'.yon]  lost  his  cattle  by 
the  herdsman  taking  his  eye  off  them  to 
look  at  an  elk.  Now,  this  elk  was  a  spirit, 
and  when  the  herdsman  looked  at  the 
cattle  again  they  were  no  bigger  than 
mice;  again  he  turned  towards  the  elk, 
in  order  to  understand  the  mystery,  and, 
while  he  did  so,  the  cattle  all  vanished 
through  a  crevice  into  the  earth. — Miss 
Martineau,  Feats  on  the  Fiord  (1839). 

Tropho'nios,  the  architect  of  the 
temple  of  Apollo,  at  Delphi.  After 
death,  he  was  worshipped,  and  had  a 
famous  cave  near  Lebadia,  called  "The 
Oracle  of  Trophonios." 

The  mouth  of  this  CAve  was  three  yards  high  ami  two 
wiile.  Those  who  consulted  the  oracle  had  to  fast 
several  days,  and  then  to  descend  ■  steep  ladder  till  they 
reached  a  narrow  gullet.  They  were  then  seized  DJ  the 
feet,  anil  dragged  violently  to  ihc  bottom  ol  the  cave, 
where  they  weio  assailed  by  the  most  unearthlj  noises, 
bowlings,  shrieks,  bellowinjrs,  with  lurid  Hghtl  and 
Bidden  glares,  in  the  midst  of  which  uproot  and  phan- 
tasmagoria the  oracle  was  pronounced.  The  votaries  vera 
then  asbed  Dnaxpeetsdly  i>y  the  feet,  and  thrust  out  of  the 
cave  without  ceremony.  If  any  resisted,  01  attempted  to 
enter  In  any  other  way,  he  was  instantly  murdered. — 
Plutarch,  lives. 

Trotley  (Sir  John),  an  old-fashioned 
country  gentleman,  who  actually  prefers 
the  obsolete  English  notions  of  domestic 
life,  fidelity  to  wives  and  husbands, 
modesty  in  maids,  and  constancy  in 
lovers,  to  the  foreign  free  and  easy 
manners  which  allow  married  people 
unlimited  freedom,  and  consider  licen- 
tiousness   !><m    ton. — Garrick,    Bon    Tun 

(177U).      (See  PBIOBT,  p.  7'.'3.) 

Trotter  {Job),  sen-ant  to  Alfred 
Jingle.  A  sly,  canting  rascal,  who  has 
at  least  the  virtue  01  fidelity  to  his 
master.  Mr.  l'ickwick's  generosity 
touches  his  heart,  and  he  showy  a  sincere 

gratitude  to  his  benefactor. — C   Dickens, 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 


Trotter  (AVfVy),  tishwoman  at  old  St. 
Italian's.—  sir  w.  Scott,  St.  Botum'a  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Trotters,  the  l'unch  and  .Judy  show- 
man ;  a  little,  good-natured,  unsuspicious 

man,  very  unlike  his  misanthropic  com- 
panion, Thomas  Codlin,  who  played  the 
panpipes  and  collected  the  money. 

His    real    name     was     H.uTis,    but    It    had    gradually 
merged     mlu     Trotters,     with     Uie    pre! 
'Short,"  l>v  reason  of  the   small  size  of   his  iegs.     Short 

Trotters,  however,   oeing    a   compound    nana, 

venli hi  in  friend!)  ms  called  either  Trottan 

or  Short,  and  never  Short  Trotiers,  except  on  occasions 
of  ceremony. — C.  L>ickens,  Tin  OIU  Vurwuty  oKuf.  ivii 
(1340). 

Trotty,  the  sobriquet  of  Toby  Vcck, 
ticket-porter  and  johman. 

They  called  htm  Trotty  from  his  pace,  which  meant 
■peed,  ii  it  didn't  make  it.  He  could  bare  walked 
faster,  perhaps ;    most  likely;    but  rob  him  ol    I 

mill     robj    Mould     hale     Liken     Ul    Ml    bed    and  d 
bespattered  him  with  mud  in  dlrtj  weather  ;  it  a 

ild  have  w.ilki-l  With    n.lmitely 

e  ,  but  that  era 

liis  trot  so   tenacously.     A  weak.  -mall,  spare  eld  man  ; 

be  wa  ■  very  Hercules,  thb  Tobj,  in  ins  good  Inten- 
tions.—C  Dickens,  The  CUnus,  i.  'ls+ll 

Trotwood  [Betsey),  usually  called 
'•Miss  Betsey,"  great-aunt  of  David 
Copperfield.  Her  idiosyncrasy  was  don- 
keys. A  dozen  times  a  day  would  she 
rush  on  the  green  before  her  house  to 

drive  off  the  donkeys  and  donkey-hoys. 
She  was  a  most  kind-hearted,  worthy 
woman,  who  concealed  hex  tenderness  of 
heart  under  a  snappish  austerity  of 
manner.  Miss  Betsey  was  the  true  friend 
of    David   Copperfield.    She  married  in 

her  young  days  a  handsome  man,  who 
ill-used  her  and  ran  away,  but  preyed  on 
her  for  money  till  he  tiled. — C.  Dickens, 
David  Copperfield  (1849). 

Trouil'logan,  a  philosopher,  whose 
advice  was,  "Do  as  you  like.''     Panurge 

asked  the  sage  if  he  advised  him  to 
marry.    "  Yes,"  said  Trouillogan.    "What 

say  you?"  asked  the  prince.  "Let  it 
alone,"  replied  the  sage.  "  Which  would 
you     advise?"      inquired     the     prince. 

"  Neither,"  said    the    s  .  ||  r  '.  "' 

cried  Panurge ;  "  that  cannot  be." 
'•Nun  both,"  replied  Trouillogan. 
Panurge  then  consulted  several  others, 
and     at     Uul      the     oracle     of     the     Holy 

Bottle.— Rabelais,  Pantagruel.  iii.  ;;.i 
(1545). 

Molicre  has  introduced  this  joke  in  his 
Maria  ,■     /'  -     ;nare    t   asks 

his  friend  Geronimo  if  he  would  advise 
him    to    marry,    and   he   answers,    "  No." 

"But,"  says  the  old  man,  "1  like  the 
young  woman."  "Then  marry  her  by 
all  means."  "That  is  your  advice" 
says  Sganarelle.     "  My  advice  is  'io  as 


TROVATORE. 


1038 


TRUNNION. 


you  like,"  says  the  friend.  Sganarelle 
next  consults  two  philosophers,  then 
some  gipsies,  then  declines  to  marry, 
and  is  at  last  compelled  to  do  so,  nolens 
tolens. 

Trovato're  (4  syl.)  or  "The  Trou- 
badour "  is  Mann  uo,  the  supposed  son  of 
Azuce'na  the  gipsy,  but  in  reality  the 
s"n  of  Garzia  (brother  of  the  conte  di 
1  ma).  The  princess  Leono'ra  falls  in 
love  with  the  troubadour,  but  the  count, 
entertaining  a  base  passion  for  her,  is 
about  to  put  Manrico  to  death,  when 
Leonora  intercedes  on  his  behalf,  and 
promises  to  give  herself  to  him  if  he  will 
spare  her  lover.  The  count  consents  ; 
but  while  he  goes  to  release  his  captive, 
Leonora  kills  herself  by  sucking  poison 
from  a  ring.  When  Manrico  discovers 
this  sad  calamity,  he  dies  also. — Verdi, 
//  Trovatore  (1853). 

(This  opera  is  based  on  the  drama  of 
Ganjia  Guttierez,  a  fifteenth  century 
story.) 

Troxartas  (3  syl.),  king  of  the  mice 
and  father  of  Psycarpax  who  was 
drowned.  The  word  means  "  bread- 
eater." 

Fix  their  counsel  .  .  . 
Where  great  Troxartas  crowned  In  glory  reigns  .  .  . 
Psycarpax'  father,  father  now  no  more  1 
Paruell,  Buttle  of  the  t^ruys  and  Mice,  L  (about  1712). 

Troy's  Six  Gates  were  (according 
to  Theobald)  Dardan,  Thymbria,  Ilia, 
Scaea,  Trojan,  and  Antenoridus. 

Priam's  six-gated  city : 
Dardan,  and  Tymbria,  Helias,  Chetas,  Troien, 
And  Antenorides. 
Shakespeare,    Troilut  and   Cretsida  (proL,  1602). 
His  cyte  compassed  enuyrowne 
Hadde  gates  VI.  to  entre  into  the  towne. 
The  firste  of  all  . .  .  was  .  .  .  called  DardanydCs ; 
.  .  .  Tymbria  was  named  the  seconde  ; 
And  thethyrde  called  Helyns; 
The  fourthe  gate  hyghte  also  Cetheas; 
The  fyfthe  Trojana ;  syxtli  AnthonydSs. 

Lydgate,  Troy  Boke  (1513). 

Troy'novant  or  New  Troy,  Lon- 
don. This  blunder  arose  from  a  con- 
fusion of  the  old  British  tri-nouhant, 
meaning  "  new  town,"  with  Troy  novant, 
"  new  Troy."  This  blunder  gave  rise  to 
the  historic  fable  about  Brute,  a  descend- 
ant of  ..Ene'as,  colonizing  the  island. 

For  noble  Britons  sprong  from  Trojans  bold, 
And  Troy-uovaut  was  built  of  old  Troyes  ashes  cold. 
Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iii.  3  (15y0). 

Trudge,  in  Love  in  a  Bottle,  by  Far- 
quhar  (KJ98). 

True  Thomas,  Thomas  the  Rhymer. 
So  called  from  his  prophecies,  the  most 
noted  of  which  was  his  prediction  of  the 
death   of    Alexander    III.    of    Scotland, 


made  to  the  earl  of  March.  It  is  re- 
corded in  the  Scotichronlcon  of  Fordun 
(1430). 

Trueworth,  brother  of  Lydia,  and 
friend  of  sir  William  Fondlove. — S. 
Knowles,  The  Love-Chase  (1837). 

Trull  (Dolly).  Captain  Macheath 
says  of  her,  "  She  is  always  so  taken  up 
with  stealing  hearts,  that  she  does  not 
allow  herself  time  to  steal  anything 
else"  (act  ii.  1). — Gay,  Tlie  Beggar's 
Opera  (1727). 

Trulla,  the  daughter  of  James 
Spencer,  a  quaker.  She  was  first  dis- 
honoured by  her  father,  and  then  by 
Simeon  Wait  (or  Magna'no)  the  tinker. 

He  Tralla  loved,  Trulla  more  bright 
Than  burnished  armour  of  her  knight , 
A  bold  virago,  stout  and  toll 
As  Joan  of  France  or  English  Mall. 

S.  Butler,  JJudibrat,  1.  2  (1663). 

Trul'liber  (Parson),  a  fat  clergy- 
man ;  ignorant,  selfish,  and  slothful. — 
Fielding,  The  Adventures  of  Joseph 
Andrews  (1742). 

Parson  Barnabas,  Parson  Trulliber,  sir  Wilful  Wit- 
would,  sir  Francis  Wronghead,  squire  Western,  squire 
Sullen  ;  such  were  the  people  who  composed  the  main 
strength  of  the  tory  party  for  sixty  years  after  the  Revo- 
lution.— Macaulay. 

%•  "Sir  Wilful  Witwould,"  in  The 
Way  of  the  World,  by  Congreve  ;  "sir 
Francis  Wronghead,"  in  The  Provoked 
Husband,  by  C.  Gibber;  "squire  Western," 
in  Tom  Jones,  by  Fielding ;  "  squire 
Sullen,"  in  The  Beaux'  Stratagem,  by 
Farquhar. 

Trunnion  (Commodore  Hawser),  a 
one-eyed  naval  veteran,  who  has  retired 
from  the  service  in  consequence  of  in- 
juries received  in  engagements ;  but  he 
still  keeps  garrison  in  his  own  house, 
which  is  defended  with  drawbridge  and 
ditch.  He  sleeps  in  a  hammock,  and 
makes  his  servants  sleep  in  hammocks, 
as  ou  board  ship,  takes  his  turn  on 
watch,  and  indulges  his  naval  tastes  in 
various  other  ways.  Lieutenant  Jack 
Hatchway  is  his  companion.  When  he 
went  to  be  married,  he  rode  on  a  hunter 
which  he  steered  like  a  ship,  according 
to  the  compass,  tacking  about,  that  he 
might  not  "  go  right  in  the  wind's  eye." 
— T.  Smollett,  The  Adventures  of  Pere- 
grine Pickle  (1750). 

It  is  vain  to  criticize  the  manoeuvre  of  Trunnion,  toe  kb\« 
his  way  to  church  ou  his  wedding  day,  in  consequence  A 
a  head  wind. — Kncye.  Brit.,  Art.  "  Romance." 

*+*  Dickens  has  imitated  this  in  Wem- 
mick's  house,  which  had  flag  and  draw- 
bridge, fortress  and  gun  in  miniature ; 


TRUSTY. 


1039 


TULKWGHOBN. 


Dut  the  conceit  is  more  suited  t"  "a 
naval  veteran"  than  a  lawyer's  clerk. 
(See  Wkmmick.) 

Trusty  {Mrs.),  landlady  of  the 
Queen's  Arms,  Romford.  Motherly, 
most  kind-hearted,  .-i  capital  caterer, 
whose  ale  was  noted.  Bess  "the  beg- 
gar's daughter"  took  refuge  with  her,  and 
was  most  kindly  treated.  Mrs.  Trusty 
wished  her  son  Ilnlph  to  take  !'•■ 
■wife,  but  Bess  had  given  her  heart  to 
Wilford,  the  son  of  lord  Wbodville,  her 
cousin. — S.  Knowles,  The  JJeijjar  of 
Vethnal  Green  (1834). 

Truth  in  a  Well.  Cicero  says, 
"  Naturam  accusa,  (|Uie  in  profundi) 
verit.item,  ut  ait  Deinocritus,  penitos 
abstrnseria." — Academics,  i.  1". 

Cleanthes  is  also  credited  with  the 
phrase. 

Tryamour  (Sir)  the  hero  of  an  old 
metrical  novel,  and  the  model  of  all 
knightly  virtues. 

Try'anon,  daughter  of  the  fairy 
king  who  Lived  on  the  island  of  Ole'ron. 
"  She  was  as  white  as  a  lily  in  .May,  or 
snow  that  snoweth  on  winter's  day,"  and 
her  "hairc  shone  as  golde wire."  This 
paragon  of  beauty  married  sir  Launfal, 
king  Arthur's  steward,  whom  she  carried 
off  to  "Oliroun,  her  jolif  isle." — Thomas 
Chestre,  Sh"  Launfal  (fifteenth  century). 

Trygon,  n  poisonous  fish.  Ulysses 
was  accidentally  killed  by  his  son  Tele- 
gonos  with  an  arr«>w  pointed  with 
trygon-bone. 

Thr  lard  of  Itliiu-a. 
fltnuk  by  tin*  potaon  i  *■.  nptnd. 

9  •  U  Trttmphi  of  thtQoui  ("  LuoUn."  17S0). 

Tryphon,  the  Sea-god's  physician. 
(bay  nod  lii  li:>- ».-  f..r  Tryphon,  i.'  ipiriy 
Bnlvco  to  l.i-  wound*  and  madJi  Ini  i  ol  might : 
Fat  Tryphon  ol  bight. 

. 

Tubal,  a  wealthy  Jew,  the  friend  "f 
Shy  luck.—  Shakespeare,  The  Merchant  if 

l  mice  (a  drama,  1 

Tuck,  a  long,  narmw  sword  (Gaelic 
Moo,  Welsh  twea,  Italian  '  .  French 
ftioc).     In  Hamlet  the  word  "tuck"  is 

erroneously  printed  ttuck  in  Bialone's 
edition. 

If  he  by  ehsnoi  r-*i\\<r  > ■■tir  wnomod  luck. 

Our  |iur|.«e  DMJ  hold 

Shaki   i  ■  -n •-.  //.iTii.vr.  mt  lv.  ic  7. 

Tuck    (Friar),      the     "curtal    friar     of 

Fountain's  Abbey,"  was  the  father  con- 
fessor of  Robin  Hood.    He  is  represented 

i.s  a  sleek-headed,  pudgy,  paunchy,    pug- 


nacious clerical  Palatal?,  very  fat  and 
Self-indulgent,  very  humorous,  and  some- 
what coarse.  His  dies 
habit  of  the  1  r.'.  ican  order,  a  red 
corded  girdle  with  gold  tassel,  red  stock- 
!  a  wall.  !. 

Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  hi-  Ivanhoe,  calls 
him  the  holy  clerk  of  Copmanhursl 

bes  him  as  a" large,  strong-built 

man  in  a  sackcloth  goi 
with  a  rope  of  rushes."  He  had  a  round, 
bullet  head,  and  his  cloSO-ahaven  crown 
was  edged  with  thick,  stiff,  curly  black 
hair.  His  countenance  was  hlulT  and 
jovial,  eyebrows  black  and  bushy,  fore- 
head    well-turned,     cheeks    round    and 

ruddy,  heard  long,  curly,  and  black, 
form  brawny  (eh. 

In  the  May-day  morris-dance,  the  friar 
is  introduced  in  full  clerical  tonsun 

the  chaplet  of  white  and  red  beads  in  his 
right  hand,  a  corded  u'irdle  about  his 
waist,  and   a   russet   robl  I  raneis- 

can  order.      His  Btockings  red,  his  girdle 
nd   ornamented   w  ith   gold  tn  i-t 
golden    tassel.      At    his    girdle    hung    a 

wallet  for  the  reception  of  pro-, 
for  "  Walleteera  "  had  no  other  fo 
what  they  received  from  begging.     Friar 

Tuck    was    chaplain   to   Robin    II 

May-king.    (See  Morris-Dahcx. 

m'(  OM 

Bat  be  I  . 

0  liif  DMfrj  frmr.  ulurti  lii.im  n  Mrmon  liiivto 

In  |.nux)  vt  Hublli  Hoc 

l    1. 1..11.  PoigeOto  .    ■ 
Tud  [Morgan),  chief  physician  of  king 
Arthur. —  The    Mabmogton     ("  Geraint, 

twelfth  century). 

Tug  (Zbm),  the  waterman,  a  straight- 
forward, honest  young  man,  who  loves 
Wilelmi'na    the    daughter    of    Mr.   and 

Mrs.     Bundle,     and     when     he    won     the 

waterman's  badge  in  rowing,  he  won  the 

consent  of  "the  gardener's  daughter"  to 
become  his   loving  and   faithful  wife. — C 

Dibdin,  Th     H  li      ion  (1771). 

Tukoly,  the  lover  of   Sophia.       \* 
Sophia  has  a  partiality  to  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Daffodil,   "the  male  coquette,"  Tukely 
in  womai 

appointment  with  Daffodil,  and  gets,  him 
to  slander   Sophia   and   other  ladlt  -,    con- 
cealed among  tin-  trees.    They  tin. 
his  slanders,  ami,  presenting  then 
before  him.  laugh  him  to  .scorn. — Garrick, 
. 

Tulk'iughon;  sttorney-at- 

law  and  legal  adviser  oi  the  Dedlocka, 
Very  silent,  and  perfectly  self-contained, 

but.  knowing  lady  Dedlock's  secret,  he  is 


TULLT. 


1O40 


TURKOMANS. 


like  the  sword  of  Dam'ocles  over  her 
head,  and  she  lives  in  ceaseless  dread  of 
him. — C  Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1852). 

Tully,  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  the 
threat  Roman  orator  (n.c.  106^13).  He 
was  proscribed  by  Antony,  one  of  the 
triumvirate,  and  his  head  and  hands,  being 
cut  off,  were  nailed  by  the  orders  of 
Antony  to  the  Rostra  of  Rome. 

Ye  fond  adorerg  of  departed  fame, 

WbO  warm  at  Bdpio'l  worth  or  Tully't  name. 

OHOpWB,  Pleaturet  of  Hope,  i.  (1799). 

The  Judas  who  betrayed  Tully  to  the 
sicarii  was  a  cobbler.  The  man  who 
murdered  him  was  named  Herennius. 

Tun  (The  Heidelberg)  or  Tub  Tun 
of  Erpach,  a  large  butt,  which  holds 
four  score  hogsheads. 

Quiil  ratal  Kri.achium  nuanniuncrxre  Tetustls 

Mir.uli*  1    Quo  HOD  vaslius  orltia  haU-t ; 

Dixerb  hoc  facta  i'ehu;us  v iniijuc  paliidi  in  ; 

Nocture  quia  Iiacciil  nocte  dieque  Suit. 

Aithamar. 
Of  all  earth's  wonders,  Erpach's  monstrous  tun 
I  deem  to  Ik.'  Uie  most  astounding  one  ; 
A  sen  of  wine   twill  hold.     You  sny  aniilit, 
a  sea  of  nectar  flows  there  da/  and  night. 

eg  a 
*+*    The  Oietertian  dm,  made  by  the 
order  of  St.  Bernard,  contained  300  hogs- 
heads.— Robert  Cenault,  De  Vera  Mensu- 
rarum  Ponderumqoe  Batkrne  (1647). 

The  tun  of  Clervomx  contained  as  many 
hogsheads  as  there  are  days  in  a  year. — 
Furetiere,  art.  "Tonne." 

8t.  Jh  net's  tun  ("  la  sacre  botte  de  St. 
Benoist'-),  .still  to  be  seen  at  the  Bt 
tines  of  Bologna-on-the-Sea,  is  about  the 
same  size  as  that  of  Clervaux. — Menage, 
art.  " Couteille." 

"  I  will  drink,"  said   the  friar  [Johni  "both   to   thee 
Ind  to  thy  hunt-.  ...  1  have  already  unpad,   ■ 
rat  iii  vir  a  whit    the  hss  lot   that,    f-.r  1     have  a  paved 
etOflMch   as  hollow  as  .  .  .   St.  ik-uel'g  boot." — Kabelais, 
Var.j.mtua.  1.  SJ  \\'MS). 

%•  St.    Benet's     "  boot "    means    St. 
Benet's  botte  or  "  butt,"  and  to  this  Long- 
fellow refers  in  I'm  (Jolden  Legend,  when 
iks    of    "the  rascal   [friar  John] 
who  drank  wine  out  of  a  boot." 

Tun  gay,  the  one-legged  man  at 
Salem  House. 

rally  acted,  with  his  strung  role*,  as  Mr.  Crrnkle  • 
Interpreter  to  Uie  boys.— C.  Dickens,  ItorUi  CopvtnUlaL 

Tunstall  (Frank),  one  of  theappren- 

t    David  Ilamsay,  the   watchmaker. 

— sir  \\ .  Scott,  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel 
(time,  James  I.). 

Tupman  {Iraoy),  If. P.O.,  a  sleek, 
fat  young  man,  of  very  amorous  disposi- 
tion.   He  falls  in  love  with  every  pretty 

rirl  he  se<\s,  und  is  consequently"  always 


petting  into  trouble. — C.  Dickens,  The 
Tickwick  Tapers  (1836). 

Tura,  a  castle  of  Ulster. — Ossian, 
Fiwjal. 

Turbulent  School  of  Fiction 
(lite),  a  school  of  German  romance 
writers,  who  returned  to  the  feudal  ages, 
and  wrote  between  1780  and  1800  in  the 
style  of  Mrs.  Radcliffe.  The  best  known 
are  Cramer,  Spiers,  Schlenkert,  and  Veil 
Weber. 

Turcaret,  a  comedy  by  Lesage 
(1708),  in  which  the  farmers-general  of 
France  are  gibbeted  unmercifully.  He 
is  a  coarse,  illiterate  man,  who  has 
grown  rich  by  his  trade.  Any  one  who 
baa  risen  from  nothing  to  great  wealth, 
:iinl  has  DO  merit  beyond  money-making, 
is  called  a  Turcaret. 

Turcos,  native  Algerian  infantry 
officered    by    Frenchmen.     The    cavalry 

are  called  Sjnihis. 

Turk  Gregory,  Gregory  VI I.  (Hil- 
debrand)  ;  so  called  for  his  furious  raid 
upon  royal  prerogatives,  especially  his 
contest  with  the  emperor  [of  Get  many] 

on  the  subject  of  investiture.  In  1075 
he  summoned  the  emperor  Henry  IV.  to 
Home  ;  the  emperor  refused  to  obey  the 

summons,  the  pope  excommunicated  him, 

and  absolved  all  his  subjects  from  theil 
allegiance;  he  next  declared  Beary  de- 
throned, and  elected  a  new  kaiser,  but 
Henry,  finding  resistance  in  rain,  I 

to  be  reconciled  tothe  pope,  lie  was  DOW 
commanded,  in  the  midst  of  a  seven 
winter,  t<>  present  himself,  with  Bertha 
his  wife,  and  their  infant  son,  at  the 
castle  of  Canossa,  in  Lombardy  ;  ami 
lure  they  had  to  ntand  three  days  in  the 
piercing  cold  before  the  pope  would  con- 
descend to  see  him,  but  at  last  the  pro  ad 
pnlate  removed  the  excommunication, 
and  Henry  was  restored  to  his  throne. 

Turkish  Spy  (The),  Mahmut,  whe 
lived  forty-live  years  undiscovered  in 
Paris,  unfolding  the  intrigues  of  the 
Christian  courts,  between  1687  and  los-j. 

The  author  of  this  romance  is  Giovanni 
Paolo  Mara'na,  and  he  makes  it  tha 
medium  of  an  historical  novel  of  the 
period  (1684). 

%*  SVard  wrote  an  imitation  of  the 
book,  which  he  called  The  London 

Turkomans,  a  corruption  of  Ttu<(- 
iiiuiuis  (••  Turks  of  the  true  faith  ").  The 
ti r>t  chit  f  of  the  Turks  who  embraced 
Islam  called  his  people  so  to  distinguish 


TURN  THE  TABLES. 


1041 


TURQUINE. 


them  from  the  Turks  who  had  not  em- 
braced that  faith. 

Turn  the  Tables,  to  rebut  a  charge 
by  a  counter-charge,  so  that  the  accused 
becomes  in  turn  the  accuser,  and  the 
biamed  charges  the  blamer. — See  Dic- 
tionary of  Phrase  and  Fable,  873. 

It  enahles 
A.  matron,  who  her  husband's  foible  knows. 
By  a  few  timely  words  to  turn  the  tables. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  I  75. 

Turnabout  {The),  the  Times  news- 
paper. The  editor,  T.  Barnes,  was  called 
"  Mr.  T.  Bounce." 

Turnbull  {Michael),  the  Douglas's 
dirk  huntsman.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
Dangerous  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Turnbull  {Mr.  Thomas),  also  called 
"  Tom  Turnpenny,"  a  canting  smuggler 
and  schoolmaster. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Red- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Turnip-Hoer,  George  I.  So  called 
because,  when  he  first  came  over  to  Eng- 
land, he  proposed  planting  St.  James's 
Park  with  turnips  (1(560,  1714-1727). 

Turnpenny  {Mr.),  banker  at  March- 
thorn.— Sir  W.  Scott,  St.  Roman's  Well 
(time,  George  III.). 

Turnpenny  {Tom),  also  called  "Thomas 
Turnbull,"  a  canting  smuggler  and  school- 
master.—Sir  W.  Scott,  Reagauntiet  (time, 
George  III.). 

Turntippit  {Old  lord),  one  of  the 
privy  council  in  the  reign  of  William  III. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Lammcrmuur 
(1819). 

Turon,  the  son  of  Brute's  sister,  slew 
600  Aquitanians  with  his  own  hand  in 
one  single  fight. 

Where  Turon.  .  .  .  Brute's  sister's  valiant  son,  .  .  . 
Six  hundred  slew  outright  thro'  his  peculiar  strength ; 
By  multitudes  of  men,  yet  overpraised  at  length, 
His  noble  uncle  there,  to  his  immori.il  name 
The  city  Turou  [Tours]  built,  ami  well  endowed  the  same, 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  i.  (161-2). 

Turpin,  a  churlish  kniglit,  who  re- 
fuses hospitality  to  sir  Calepine  and 
Serena,  although  solicited  to  do  so  by 
his  wife  Blanida  (bk.  vi.  3).  Serena  told 
prince  Arthur  of  this  discourtesy,  and 
the  prince,  alter  chastising  Turpin,  dis- 
knighted  him,  and  prohibited  him  from 
bearing  arms  ever  after  (bk.  vi.  7).  The 
disgraced  churl  now  vowed  revenge ; 
BO  off  he  starts,  and  seeing  two  knights, 
complains  to  them  of  the  wrongs  done 
to  himself  and  his  dame  by  "a  recreant 
knight,"  whom  he  points  out  to  them. 
The  two  champions   instantly  challenge 


the  prince  "  as  a  foul  woman-wronger," 
and  defy  him  to  combat.  One  of  the 
two  champions  is  soon  slain,  and  the  other 
overthrown,  but  is  spared  on  craving  his 
life.  The  survivor  now  returns  to  Turpin 
to  relate  his  misadventure,  and  when  they 
reach  the  dead  body  see  Arthur  asleep. 
Turpin  proposes  to  kill  him,  but  Arthur 
starts  up  and  hangs  the  rascal  on  a  tree 
(bk.  vi.  7).— Spenser,  Faery  Queen  (1596). 

Turpin,  "  archbishop  of  Rheims,"  the 
hypothetical  author  of  a  Chronicle,  pur- 
porting to  be  a  history  of  Charlemagne's 
Spanish  adventures  in  777,  by  a  con- 
temporary. This  fiction  was  declared 
authentic  and  genuine  by  pope  Calixtus 
II.  in  1122,  but  it  is  now  generally  at- 
tributed to  a  canon  of  Barcelona  in  the 
eleventh  century. 

The  tale  says  that  Charlemagne  went 
to  Spain  in  777,  to  defend  one  of  his  allies 
from  the  aggressions  of  a  neighbouring 
prince.  Having  conquered  Navarre  and 
Aragon,  he  returned  to  France.  He  then 
crossed  the  Pyrenees,  and  invested  Pam- 
peluna  for  three  months,  but  without 
success.  He  tried  the  effect  of  prayer, 
and  the  walls,  like  those  of  Jericho,  fell 
down  of  their  own  accord.  Those  Sara- 
cens who  consented  to  be  baptized,  he 
spared,  but  the  rest  were  put  to  the  sword. 
Being  master  of  Pampeiuna,  the  hero 
visited  the  sarcophagus  of  James  ;  and 
Turpin,  who  accompanied  him,  baptized 
most  of  the  neighbourhood.  Charle- 
magne then  led  back  his  army  over  the 
Pyrenees,  the  rear  being  under  the  com- 
mand of  Roland.  The  main  army  reached 
France  in  safety,  but  50,000  Saracens  fell 
on  the  rear,  and  none  escaped. 

Turpin  {Dick),  a  noted  highwayman, 
executed  at  York  (1739). 

Ainsworth  has  introduced  into  Rook- 
wood  Turpin's  famous  ride  to  York  on  bis 
steed  Black  Bess.  It  is  said  that  Maginn 
really  wrote  this  powerful  description 
(1834). 

Turpin  {  The  French  Dick)  is  Cartouche, 
an  eighteenth  century  highwayman.  W. 
H.  Ainsworth  made  him  the  hero  of  a 
romance  (1841). 

Tur'quine  {Sir)  had  sixty-four  of 
king  Arthur's  knights  in  prison,  all  of 
whom  he  had  vanquished  by  his  own  hand. 
He  hated  sir  Launcelot,  because  he  had 
slain  his  brother,  sir  Car'ados,  at  the 
Dolorous  Tower.  Sir  Launcelot  chal- 
lenged sir  Tuiquine  to  a  trial  of  strength, 
and  slew  }  im,  after  which  he  liberated 
3  x 


TURQUOISE. 


1042  TWELVE  APOSTLES  OF  IRELAND. 


the  captive  knights.— Sir  T.  Malory, 
History  of  Frince  Arthur,  i.  108-110 
(1470)'. 

Turquoise  (2  syl.),  a  precious  stone 
found  in  Persia.  Sundry  virtues  are 
attached  to  it :  (1)  It  indicates  by  its  hue 
the  state  of  the  wearer's  health  ;  (2)  it 
indicates  by  its  change  of  lustre  if  any 
peril  awaits  the  wearer ;  (3)  it  removes 
animosity  between  the  giver  and  the  re- 
ceiver ;  (4)  it  rouses  the  sexual  passion, 
and  hence  Leah  gave  a  turquoise  ring 
to  Shylock  "when  he  was  a  bachelor," 
in  order  to  make  him  propose  to  her. — 
See  Thomas  Nicols,  Lapidary. 

Tur'veydrop  (Mr,),  a  selfish,  self- 
indulgent,  conceited  dancing-master,  who 
imposes  on  the  world  by  his  majestic 
appearance  and  elaborate  toilette.  He 
lives  on  the  earnings  of  his  son  (named 
Prince,  after  the  prince  regent),  who 
reveres  him  as  a  perfect  model  of  "  de- 
portment."— C.  Dickens,  Bleak  Hvuse 
(1852). 

The  proudest  departed  from  the  cover  of  their  habitual 
reserve,  and  from  Uie  maintenance  of  that  staid  deport- 
ment which  the  Oriental  Turveydrop  considers  the  l>est 
rf>roof  of  high  state  and  regal  dignity. — W.  H.  Russell,  The 
Prince  of  Town,  etc.  (1877). 

Tuscan  Poet  (The),  Ludovico 
Ariosto,  born  at  Reggio,  in  Modena 
(1474-1533).  Noted  for  his  poem  en- 
titled Orlando  Furioso  (in  French  called 
Roland). 

The  Tuscan  poet  doth  advance 
The  frantic  paladin  of  France. 

M.  Drayton,  Xj/mjjhidUt  (1561-1631). 

Tutivillus,  the  demon  who  collects 
all  the  fragments  of  words  omitted, 
mutilated,  or  mispronounced  by  priests 
in  the  performance  of  religious  services, 
and  stores  them  up  in  that  "  bottomless  " 
pit  which  is  "paved  with  good  inten- 
tions."—  I,angland,  Vision  of  Fiers  J'lou- 
man,  547  (1362)  ;  and  the  Tuunlcy 
Mysteries,  310,  319,  etc. 

Tutsan,  a  corruption  of  la  touts  saine  ; 
the  botanical  name  is  Hy]x;rlcon  Andrusce'- 
rnum.  The  leaves  applied  to  fresh  wounds 
are  sanative.  St.  John's  wort  is  of  the 
same  family,  and  that  called  Perfora'tttm 
used  to  be  called  Fuya  dwinonum,  from 
the  supposition  of  its  use  in  maniacal 
disorders,  and  a  charm  against  evil  spirits. 

The  hermit  gathers  .  .  . 

The  healing  tutsan  then,  and  plantane  for  a  sore. 
Drayton,  l-vlyulbion.  xiii.  (1613). 

(The  plantain  or  plantago  is  astringent, 
and  very  good  for  cuts  and  other  sores.) 

Twain  {Mark),  S.  L.  Clemens. 

Twangdillo,  the  fiddler,  in  Somcr- 


ville's  Hobbinol,  a  burlesque  poem  in  three 
cantos.  Twangdillo  had  lost  one  leg  and 
one  eye  by  a  stroke  of  lightning  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ister,  but  was  still  merry- 
hearted. 

He  tickles  every  string  to  every  note ; 
He  bends  his  pliant  neck,  his  single  eye 
Twinkles  with  joy,  hi*  active  stump  beats  time. 

JJobbitwi  or  The  Jturul  Oamet.  I.  (1740). 

Tweed,  a  cloth  woven  diagonally  ;  a 
mere  blunder  for  "  twill." 

It  was  the  word  "  tweels"  blotted  and  ill-written  on  an 
Invoice,  which  gave  rise  to  the  now  familiar  name  of 
"  tweed."  It  was  adopted  by  James  Locke,  of  London, 
after  the  error  was  discovered,  as  especially  suitable  to 
these  goods  so  largely  manufactured  on  the  banks  of  the 
Tweed. — The  Border  Advertu*.T. 

Tweedledum  and  Tweedledee. 
The  prince  of  Wales  was  the  leader  of 
the  Handel  party,  supported  by  Pope  and 
Dr.  Arbuthnot ;  and  the  duke  of  Marl- 
borough led  the  Bononcinists,  and  was 
supported  by  most  of  the  nobility. 

Some  say.  compared  to  Bononrlnl, 
That  mynheer  Handel's  but  a  ninny ; 
Others  aver  that  he  to  Handel 
Is  scarcely  fit  to  hold  a  candle  ; 
Strange  all  this  difference  should  be 
'Twixt  Tweedledum  and  Tweedledee. 

J.  Byrom  (stenographist,  1691-1763). 

Twelfth  Night,  a  drama  by  Shake- 
speare. The  story  came  originally  from 
a  novelletti  by  E-andello  (who  died  1555), 
reproduced  by  Belleforest  in  his  Histoires 
Tragiques,  from  which  Shakespeare  ob- 
tained his  story.  The  tale  is  this  :  Viola 
and  Sebastian  were  twins,  and  exactly 
alike.  When  grown  up,  they  were  ship- 
wrecked off  the  coast  of  Illyria,  and  both 
were  saved.  Viola,  being  separated  from 
her  brother,  in  order  to  obtain  a  livelihood, 
dressed  like  her  brother  and  took  the 
situation  of  page  under  the  duke  Orsino. 
The  duke,  at  the  time,  happened  to  be  in 
love  with  Olivia,  and  as  the  lady  looked 
coldly  on  his  suit,  he  sent  Viola  to  ad- 
vance it,  but  the  wilful  Olivia,  instead  of 
melting  towards  the  duke,  fell  in  lov© 
with  his  beautiful  page.  One  day,  Se- 
bastian, the  twin-brother  of  Viola,  being 
attacked  in  a  street  brawl  before  Olivia's 
house,  the  lady,  thinking  him  to  be  the 
page,  invited  him  in,  and  they  soon  grew 
to  such  familiar  terms  that  they  agreed  to 
become  man  and  wife.  About  the  same 
time,  the  duke  discovered  his  page  to 
be  a  beautiful  woman,  and,  as  he  could 
not  marry  his  first  love,  he  made  Viola 
his  wife  and  the  duchess  of  Illyria. 

Twelve  Apostles  of  Ireland 
(The),  twelve  Irish  prelates  of  the  sixth 
century,  disciples  of  St.  Finnian  of 
Clonard, 

1.    Ciaran    or    Keiran,   bishop  and 


TWELVE  KNIGHTS,  ETC. 


1043 


TWELVE  PALADINS. 


fclihut  of  Saighir  (now  Scir-Keiran,  King's 
County). 

2.  <  iakan  or  Kbiran,  abbot  of  Clom- 
nacnois. 

3.  Columcille  of  Ily  (now  Iona). 
This  prelate  is  also  called  St.  Colnmba. 

4.  Brendan,  bishop  and  abbot  of 
Clonfert. 

5.  Brendan,  bishop  and  abbot  of  Birr 
(now  Parsonstown,  King's  County). 

6.  Columra,  abbot  of  Tirdaglas. 

7.  Molaisk  or  Laisue,  abbot  of  Dam- 
hiri9  (now  JJevenish  Island,  in  lough 
Erne). 

8.  Caixnech,  abbot  of  Aichadhbo, 
in  Queen's  County. 

9.  Ruadan  or  Kodan,  abbot  of  Lorrha, 
in  Tipperary  County. 

10.  Mom  Claieenech  (i.e.  "the  flat- 
faced"),  abbot  of  Glasnooidhan  (now 
Gtasnevin,  near  Dublin). 

11.  Senell,  abbot  of  Cluain-inis,  in 
lough  Erne. 

12.  Nannath  or  Nennitii,  bishop  and 
abbot  of  lnismuige-Samh  (now  Inisnuxc- 
Saint,  in  lough  Erne). 

Twelve  Knights  of  the  Round 
Table.  Dry  den  says  there  were 
twelve  paladins  and  twelve  knights  of 
the  Round  Table.  The  table  was  made 
for  150,  but  as  twelve  is  the  orthodox 
number,  the  following  names  hold  the 
most  conspicuous  places: — (1)  Launce- 
lot,  (2)  Tristram,  and  (3)  Lamoracke, 
the  three  bravest ;  (1)  Tor,  the  first  made  ; 
(5)  Galahad,  the  chaste;  (6)  Gaw'ain, 
the  courteous ;  (7)  Gareth,  the  big- 
handed  ;  (8)  Palomides,  the  Saracen  or 
unbaptized ;  ('.')  Kay,  the  rade  and 
boast  I  ul;  (10)  Make,  the  dastard;  (11) 
MoRDRED,  the  traitor;  and  the  twelfth, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  paladins,  must  be 
nelected  from  one  of  the  following  names, 
all  of  which  are  seated  with  the  prince  in 
the  frontispiece  attached  to  the  History 
of  J'rmcc  Arthur,  compiled  by  sir  T. 
Malory  in  1470  : — Sirs  Acolon,  Ballamorc, 
Beleobus,  Belvoure,  Bersunt,  Hois,  Ector 
de  Maris,  Ewain,  FloU,  Gaheris,  Galohalt, 
Grislet,  Lionell,  Marhans,  Paginet,  Pel- 
leas,  Percival,  Sagris,  Superabilin,  and 
Turquine. 

Or  we  may  take  from  tlic  Mabinogion 
the  three  "  battle  knights,"  Cadwr, 
Launcelot,  and  Owain  ;  the  three 
"counselling  knights,"  Kynon,  Aron,  and 
Llywarch  H§n;  the  three  "diademed 
knights,"   Kai,    Trystan,   and    Gwevyl; 

and  the  three  "  golden-tongued,"  Gwalch- 
mai,  Drudwas,  and  Eliwlod,  many  of 
which  are  unknown  in  modern  story. 


Sir  Walter  Scott  names  sixteen  of 
renown,  seated  round  the  king* 

There  Onload  sat  with  manly  trracc, 
Wt  naJden  nif.-kin-.-vs  In  hb  face; 
There  Morolt  of  the  iron  niace; 

Anil  lovelorn  Trittrtm  there; 
And  Dtnad  m,  with  llreJj  glance  j 
Ami  Ltinrtl.  with  the  f.iiry  iuMj 
And  llordrtd,  with  hb  I  »>kj  aokance  j 

lirunor  and   /■■ 

Why  ihould  I  ul;  of  numben  morel 
Sir  Cay.  sir  Saltier,  Mid  -ir  /lore, 

sir  i '  tradoe  tfa 
Ami  gentle  Oavain'i  courteous  lore, 

Ih-rtur  tie  itareg.  Mid  /'--''onyre. 

And  Lancelot,  Hint  evermore 

Looked  stol'n-wise  on  the  queen. 

Uridyl  0/  IrUniuiin,  1L  1J  (1S13). 

Twelve  Paladins  ( The),  twelve 
famous  warriors  in  Charlemagne's  court. 

1.  Astolpho,  cousin  "f  Roland,  de- 
scended from  Charles  M artel.  A  great 
boaster,  fool-hardy,  and  singularly  hand- 
some. It  was  Astolpho  who  went  to  the 
moon  to  fetch  back  Orlando's  (Iiijland's) 
brains  when  mad. 

2.  Few  ias  or  FlERABRAS,  a  Sara- 
cen, afterwards  converted  and  baptized. 

3.  FlorismaRT,  the  Jidus  Ac/uites  of 
Roland  or  Orlando. 

4.  Ganelon,  the  traitor,  count  of 
Mayence.  Placed  by  DantO  in  the  In- 
ferno. 

5.  Maugris,  in  Italian  Malagigt, 
cousin  to  Rinaldo,  and  son  of  Beuves  of 
Aygremont.  He  was  brought  up  by 
Oriande  the  fairy,  and  became  a  great 
enchanter. 

6.  Namo  or  Natme  de  Bavierc. 

7.  OoiER  the  Dam:,  thought  to  Im> 
Holger  the  hero  of  Denmark,  but  BOme 
affirm  that  "Dane"  is  a  corruption  of 
Damntf}  so  called  because  he  was  not 
baptized. 

8.  (  (liver,  son  of  Regnier  comte  de 
Gennes,  the  rival  of  Roland  in  all  feats 
of  arms. 

9.  Otuel,  a  Saracen,  nephew  to  Fer- 
ragus  or  Ferracute.  He  was  converted, 
and  married  a  daughter  of  king  Charle- 
magne. 

10.  Rinaldo,  son  of  duke  Aymon, 
and  cousin  to  Roland.  Angelica  fell  in 
love  with  him,  but  he  requited  not  her 
affection. 

n.  Roland,  called  Orlando  in  Italian, 
comte  de  Cenouta.  He  was  Charle- 
magne's nephew,  his  mother  being  Bertha 
the  king's  Bister,  and  his  father  millon. 

12.  One  of  the  following  names,  all  of 
which  are  called    parading,  and    probably 

supplied  vacancies  caused  by  death  : — 
Basin  de  Genevois,  Geoffrey  de  Irises, 
Guerin  tine  de  Lorraine,  Guillaume  de 
l'Estoc,  Guy  de  Bourgogne,  Hoel  comt* 


TWELVE  WISE  MASTERS. 


1044 


TWITCH  ER. 


de  Nantes,  Lambert  prince  of  Bruxelles, 
Richard  due  de  Normandy,  Riol  du  Mans, 
Samson  due  de  Bourgogne,  and  Thiery. 

%*  There  is  considerable  resemblance 
between  the  twelve  selected  paladins  and 
the  twelve  selected  Table  knights.  In 
each  case  there  were  three  pre-eminent  for 
bravery :  Oliver,  Roland,  and  Rinaldo 
(paladins)  ;  Launcelot,  Tristram,  and  La- 
moracke  (TMe  knights).  In  each  was  a 
Saracen  :  Ferumbras  (the  paladin)  ;  Palo- 
'.mides  (the  Table  knight).  In  each  was  a 
.traitor:  Ganelon  (the paladin)  ;  Mordred 
(the  Table  knujht),  like  Judas  Iscariot  in 
the  apostolic  twelve. 

Who  bear  the  bows  were  knights  In  Arthurs  reign, 
Twelve  they,  and  twelve  the  peers  of  Charlemain. 
Dryden,  The  flower  and  the  Leaf. 

Twelve  "Wise  Masters  (Tfie),  the 
original  corporation  of  the  mastersingers. 
Hans  Sachs,  the  cobbler  of  Nllrnberg, 
was  the  most  renowned  and  the  most 
voluminous  of  the  mastersingers,  but  he 
was  not  one  of  the  original  twelve.  He 
lived  1494-1576,  and  left  behind  him 
thirty-four  folio  vols,  of  MS.,  containing 
208  plays,  1700  comic  tales,  and  about 
450  lyric  poems. 

Here  Hans  Sachs,  the  cobbler-poet,  laureate  of  the  gentle 

craft. 
WisEst  of  the  Twelve  Wise  Masters,  in  huge  folios  sang 

and  LmghuL 

Longfellow,  Nuremberg. 

%*  The  original  corporation  consisted 
of  Heinrik  von  Mueglen,  Konrad  Harder, 
M  aster  AJtschwert,  Master  Barthel  Regen- 
bogen  (blacksmith),  Master  MuseablUt 
(tailor),  Hans  Blotz  (barber),  Hans 
Rosenbliit  (armorial  painter),  Sebastian 
Brandt  (jurist^,  Thomas  Mumer,  Hans 
Folz  (surgeon),  Wilhelm  Weber,  and 
Hans  Sachs  (cobbler).  This  last,  though 
not  one  of  the  founders,  was  so  superior 
to  them  all  that  he  is  always  reckoned 
among  the  wise  mastersingers. 

Twemlow  (Mr,),  first  cousin  to  lord 
Snigsworth  ;  "an  innocent  piece  of 
dinner-furniture,"  in  frequent  requisition 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Veneering.  He  is  de- 
scribed as  "grey,  dry,  polite,  and  suscep- 
tible to  east  wind;"  he  wears  "first-gentle- 
man-in-Europe  collar  and  cravat;  "his 
cheeks  are  drawn  in  as  if  he  had  made 
t  a  great  effort  to  retire  into  himself  some 
years  ago,  and  had  got  so  far,  but  never 
any  further."  His  great  mystery  is  who 
is  Mr.  Veneering's  oldest  friend  ;  is  he 
himself  his  oldest  or  his  newest  acquaint- 
ance ?  He  couldn't  tell. — C.  Dickens,  Our 
Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Twickenham  (The  Bard  of),  Alex- 


ander Pope,  who  lived  for  thirty  years  at 
Twickenham  (1688-1744). 

Twigtythe  (The  Rev.  Mr.),  clergy- 
man at  basthwaite  Farm,  held  by  Farmer 
Williams. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Twin  Brethren  ( The  Great),  Castor 
and  Pollux. 

Back  comes  the  chief  in  triumph 

Who,  in  the  hour  of  fight, 
HaUi  seen  the  Great  Twin  Brethren 

In  harness  on  his  ri'jiht. 
Safe  conies  the  ship  to  haven, 

Thro'  billows  anil  thro'  gales. 
If  once  the  Great  Twin  Brethren 

Sit  shining  on  the  sails. 
Lord  Macaulay,  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome  ("  Battla 
of  the  Lake  Regillus,"  xl,  1843). 

Twin  Diamonds  (The),  two  Cape 
diamonds,  one  of  which  is  of  a  clear 
cinnamon  colour,  and  was  found  in  the 
river-bed  of  the  Vaal.  These,  with  the 
Dudley  and  Stewart  diamonds,  have  all 
been  discovered  in  Africa  since  1870. 

Twineall  (The  Hon.  Mr.),  a  young 
man  who  goes  to  India,  intending  to 
work  himself  into  place  by  flattery  ;  but, 
wholly  mistaking  character,  he  gets 
thrown  into  prison  for  treason.  Twineall 
talks  to  sir  Luke  Tremor  (who  ran  away 
from  the  field  of  battle)  of  his  glorious 
deeds  of  fight ;  to  lady  Tremor  (a 
grocer's  daughter)  of  high  birth,  su|>- 
posing  her  to  be  a  descendant  of  the 
kings  of  Scotland ;  to  lord  Flint  (the 
sultan's  chief  minister)  of  the  sultan's 
dubious  right  to  the  throne,  and  so  on. — 
Mrs.  Inchbald,  Such  Things  Are  (1786). 

Twist  (Oliver),  the  son  of  Mr.  Brown- 
low's  oldest  friend  and  Agnes  Fleming  ; 
half-brother  to  "Manks."  He  was  born 
and  brought  up  in  a  workhouse,  starved, 
and  ill-treated  ;  but  was  always  gentle, 
amiable,  and  pure-minded.  His  asking 
for  more  gruel  at  the  workhouse  because 
he  was  so  hungry,  and  the  astonishment 
of  the  officials  at  such  daring  impudence, 
is  capitally  told. — Charles  Dickens,  Oliver 
Twist  (1837). 

Twitcher  (Harry).  Henry  lord 
Brougham  [Broom']  was  so  called,  from 
his  habit  of  twitching  his  neck  (1778- 
1868). 

Don't  you  recollect.  North,  some  years  ago  that  Murray"! 
name  was  on  our  title-puge  ;  and  that,  being  alarmed  for 
Subscription  Jamie  [rir  James  Mackintosh]  and  Harry 
Twitcher,  he  .  .  .  scratched  his  name  out?  —  WiUon, 
Aoctes  A  mbrosiancB  (1S23-36). 

Twitcher  (Jemmy),  a  cunning  and 
treacherous  highwayman  in  Macheath'i 
gang. — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Opera  (1727).. 

Twitcher  (Jemmy),  the  nickname  of  John 


TW(>  DIJOVKItS. 


1046 


TV  HALT. 


lord  Sandwich,  not-t-.l  fur  his  liai  ion  with 
Miss  Ray  (171S-1792). 

When  sly  Jemmy  T*n  f.ue 

w  ah  i  Uch  "t  00111  I  I 

\.  iwinj  Mr  want  irhere  threi*  ileten 

lii  iKirnileu  society,  gutUe  and  scull. 

(irny  (171(i-1771). 

Two  Drovers  (The),  a  tale  in  two 
chapters,  laid  in  the  reign  of  George  III., 
written  by  sir  Walter  Scott  (1827).  It  is 
ont  of  the  "  Chronicles  of  the  ( Sanongate  " 
(see  p.  1#6),  supposed  to  be  told  by  -Mr. 
Croftangry.  Robin  Oig  M'Combich,  a 
Highland  drover,  revengeful  and  proud. 
Minis  with  Harry  Wakefield,  a  jovial 
English  drover,  and  quarrels  with  him 
alimit  a  pasture-field.  They  li^ht  in 
Heskett's  ale-house,  but  are  separated. 
Oig  goes  on  his  way  and  gets  a  dagger, 
with  which  lie  returns  to  the  ale-house, 
and  stalis  Harry  who  is  three  parts 
drunk.  Being  tried  for  murder,  he  is 
condemned  and  executed. 

Two  Eyes  of  Greece  ( The),  Athens 

and  Sparta. 

Athens,  the  eye  of  Greece,  mother  of  :irta 
And  eloquence. 

Milton. 

Two  Gentlemen  of  Vero'na,  a 
drama  by  Shakespeare,  the  Btory  of  which 
is  taken  from  the  Diana  of  Montemayor 

(sixteenth  century).  The  tale  is  this  : 
Protheus  and  Valentine  were  two  friends, 
and  Protheus  was  in  love  with  a  lady  of 
Verona,  named  Julia.  Valentine  went  to 
sojourn   in    Milan,  and   there   fell    m   love 

with.  Silvia,  the  duke's  daughter,  who  was 
promised  in  marriage  to  Thurio.  Pro- 
theus, bein^c  sent  by  his  father  to  Milan, 
forgot  Julia,  fell  in  love  with  Silvia,  and, 
in  order  to  carry  his  point,  induced  the 
duke  to  banish  Valentine,  who  became 
the  captain  of  a  banditti,  into  whose  bands 
Silvia  fell.  Julia,  unable  to  bear  the 
absence  of  her  Lover,  dressed  in  boy's 
clothes,  and,  going  to  Milan,  lured  herself 
as  a  page  to  ProtheuB,  and  when  Silvia  was 
lost,  the  duke,  with  Thurio,  Protheus  and 
his  page,  went  in  quest  of  her.  She  was 
soon  discovered,  but  when  Thurio  at- 
tempted to  take  possession  of  her,  Va- 
lentine said  tn  him,  "  1  dare  you  to  touch 
her;"  and  Thurio  replied,  "Nona  but 
a  fool  would  fight  for  a  i;irl."    The  duke, 

disgusted,  gave  Silvia  to  Valentine  ;  and 
Protheus,  ashamed  of  his  conduct,  I 
pardon  of  Valentine,  discovered  his  page 

to  be  Julia,  and  married  her  (1595). 

Two  Kings  of  Brentford 
In    the    duke    of    Buckingham's    farce 
sailed    27k.'    Rehaaraai    (107 lj,    the    two 


kings     enter     hand-in-hand,     dance    to- 

her,  walk  arm-in-arm, 

ami,  to  heighten  the  absurdity,  they  are 

made   to   Smell  Of   the   sum;   D  • 

ii.  2). 

Two-Legged  Mare  (TV),  a 
gallows.     \  ■  Tyburn  : 

I  will  help  to  t . r ill.-  Uie  twi,  legxod  ware. 
Like  WM  (..  , 

Two-Shoes  (Qcody),  a  nursery  tale 
by    i  diver   Goldsmith 

Two-shoes  was  a  very  pi">r  child,  whi.se 
delight  at  having  a  par  "t  sh  -  -  was  so 
unbounded  that  .--he  could   not    I  r 

telling  every  one  she  met  that  she  had 
''two  shoes  , "  whence  her  name.  She 
acquired  knowledge  and  became  wealthy. 

The  title-page  states  that  the  tale  is  for 
the  benefit  OX  thl 

Who  from  n  st-ite  of  ngu  i\n.l  rere. 

And  tiering  ttioe*  but  half  a  pair, 

Ii  f  line  should  ftl. 

And  gallop  in  a  coach  and  six. 

Two  Strings  to  Your  Bow,  a 
farce  by  Jephson  (1792).  Lazarillo,  want- 
ing a  master,  enters  the  >ervire  of  dull 
Felix  and  also  of  Octavio  at  the  same 
time.  He  makes  perpetual  blunders, 
such  as  giving  letters  and  money  to  the 

urmi,'  master;   but    it  turns  out  that  dun 

Felix  is  donna  Clara,  the  betrothed  of 

Octavio.  The  lovers  meet  at  the  Eagle 
hotel,  recognize  each  other,  and  become 

man  and  w  it'e. 

Two   Unlucky.     In   our  dy. 
two  has  been  an  unlucky  number;  thus: 
Ethelred    11.   was    forced    to    abd 
Harold  II.  was  slain  at   Hastings;  Wil- 
liam    1  I.    was   .-hot    in    the    New   ] 
1  lenrv  1  I.  had  to  fighl  for  his  crown,  which 

urped  by  Stephen;  Edward  II.  was 
murdered  at   Berkeley  Castle ;    Richard 

11.  was  deposed  ;  Charles  11.  was  driven 

.ile  ;    James    l !.    n as   obliged    to 

abdicate;    <le..r_;e    II.    was    worsted    -it 

Fontenoy    and     I. an  t\  Id.     w  M 

by  general  Braddock  and  admiral  Byng, 
and  was  troubled  bj  Charles  Edward  the 
Young  Pretender. 

Two  or  Throo  Berries.  "  let 
gleaning  grapes  shall  he  left  in  it,  as  the 

awaking    of    an   olive    trie,    two    or    threo 

berries  in  the  top  of  the  appexmoai 
bough."     /  -  iA  x\  ii.  Si 

TIio  tree  "I  life  has  noon  ihalten. 

And  I .'.'  |    I   in iw. 

Mnmi 

On  Hie  U)o  Ol  the  BMMfllWl 

Longlullow.  rhr  Motinff. 

Tyb'alt,  ■  fiery  young  nobleman  of 

Verona,    nephew    to     lady    t'apulet,    and 


TYBALT. 


1046 


TYLL  OWLYULASS. 


cousin  to  Juliet.  He  is  slain  in  combat 
by  Ro'meo. — Shakespeare,  Romeo  and 
Juliet  (1595). 

The  name  is  given  to  the  cat  in  the 
beast-epic  called  Reynard  the  Fox.  Hence 
Mercutio  calls  him  "rat-catcher"  (act 
iii.  sc.  1),  and  when  Tybalt  demands  of 
him,  "  What  wouldst  thou  have  with 
me?"  Mercutio  replies,  "Good  king  of 
cats,  nothing  but  one  of  your  nine  lives  " 
(act  iii.  sc.  1). 

Tybalt,  a  Lombard  officer,  in  love 
•vith  Laura  niece  of  duke  Gondibert. 
The  story  of  Gomlibert  being  unfinished, 
no  sequel  of  this  attachment  is  given. — 
Sir  W.  Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Tybalt  or  Tibert,  the  cat,  in  the  beast- 
epic  of  Reynard  the  Fox  (1498). 

Tyburn  (Kings  of),  hangmen. 

Tyburn  Tree  (The),  a  gallows;  so 
called  because  criminals  were  at  one 
time  hung  on  the  elm  trees  which  grew 
on  the  bank3  of  the  Tvburn.  The  "  Holy 
Maid  of  Kent;"  Mrs.  Turner  the  poisoner, 
Felton  the  assassin  of  the  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham, Jack  Sheppard,  Jonathan  Wild, 
lord  Ferrers  who  murdered  his  steward, 
Dr.  Dodd,  and  Mother  Brownrigg,  "all 
died  in  their  shoes  "  on  the  Tyburn  tree. 

Since  lawn  wvre  made  for  every  degree. 
To  curb  vice  in  otiters  as  well  as  in  me  [Macheat\\ 
I  wonder  we  tw'nt  better  coini»any 
'NiiUZi  Tyburn  tree. 

Gay,  The  lliggar't  Opera  (1727). 

Tyburnia,  the  Portnian  and  Gros- 
venor  Square  districts  of  London.  So 
called  from  the  little  bourne  or  stream 
named  Tyburn.  At  one  time,  elm  trees 
grew  on  the  brook-side,  and  Roger  de 
Mortimer,  the  paramour  of  queen  Eleanor, 
was  hung  thereon. 

Tycho,  a  vassal  of  the  bishop  of  Traves, 
in  the  reign  of  kaiser  Henry  IV.  He 
promised  to  avenge  his  lord  and  master, 
who  had  l>een  plundered  by  count  Adal- 
bert, the  leader  of  a  bandit.  So.  going  to 
the  count's  castle,  lie  craved  a  draught  of 
water.  The  porter  brought  him  a  cup 
of  wine,  and  Tycho  said,  "Thank  thy 
lord  for  his  charity,  and  tell  him  he  shall 
meet  with  his  reward."  Then,  returning 
home,  he  procured  thirty  large  wine- 
barrels,  in  each  of  which  he  concealed  an 
armed  retainer  and  weapons  for  two 
others.  Each  cask  was  then  carried  by 
two  men  to  the  count's  castle,  and  when 
the  door  was  opened,  Tycho  said  to  the 

tiortcr,  "  I  am  come  to  recompense  thy 
ord  and  master,"  and  the  sixty  men 
carried  in  the  thirty  barrels.    When  count 


Adalbert  went  to  look  at  the  present,  at 
a  signal  given  by  Tycho  the  tops  of  the 
casks  tlew  off,  and  the  ninety  armed  men 
slew  the  count  and  his  brigands,  and  then 
burnt  the  castle  to  the  ground. 

Of  course,  every  reader  will  instantly 
see  the  resemblance  of  this  tale  to  that  of 
"  Ali  Babaorthe  Forty  Thieves"  (Arabian 
Nights'  Entertainments). 

Tyler  ( Wat),  a  frugal,  honest,  in- 
dustrious, skilful  blacksmith  of  Essex  ; 
with  one  daughter,  Alice,  pretty,  joyous, 
innocent,  and  modest.  With  all  his 
frugality  and  industry,  Wat  found  it  very 
hard  to  earn  enough  for  daily  bread,  and 
the  tax-collectors  came  for  the  poll-tax, 
three  groats  a  head  for  a  war  to  main- 
tain our  conquests  in  France.  Wat  had 
saved  up  the  money,  and  proffered  six 
groats  for  himself  and  wife.  The  col- 
lectors demanded  three  groats  for  Alice 
also,  but  Tyler  said  she  was  under  15 
years  of  age,  whereupon,  one  of  the 
collectors  having  "  insulted  her  virgin 
modesty,"  Tyler  felled  him  to  the  ground 
with  his  sledge-hammer.  The  people 
gathered  round  the  smith,  and  a  general 
uprising  ensued.  Richard  II.  sent  a 
herald  to  Tyler  to  request  a  parley,  and 
pledging  his  royal  word  for  his  safe 
conduct.  The  sturdy  smith  appointed 
Smithlield  for  the  rendezvous,  and  there 
Tyler  told  the  king  the  people's  griev- 
ances ;  but  while  he  was  speaking,  William 
Walworth,  the  lord  mayor,  stabbed  him 
from  behind,  and  killed  him.  The  king, 
to  pacify  the  people,  promised  the  poll-tax 
should  be  taken  off  and  their  grievances 
redressed,  but  no  sooner  had  the  mob 
dispersed  than  the  rebels  were  cut  down 
wholesale,  and  many,  being  subjected  to 
a  mockery  trial,  were  infamously  exe- 
cuted.— Southev,  Wat  Tyler  (1794,  pub- 
lished 1817). 

Tyll  Owlyglass  or  Tyix  Owle- 
glass,  by  Thomas  Murner,  a  Franciscan 
monk  of  Strasbourg  (1475-1536) ;  the 
English  name  of  the  German  "Tyll 
Eulenspiegcl."  Tyll  is  a  mechanic  of 
Brunswick,  who  runs  from  pillar  to  post 
as  charlatan,  physician,  lansquenet,  fool, 
valet,  artist,  and  Jaek-of-all-trades.  He 
undertakes  anything  and  everything,  but 
invariably  "spoils  the  Egyptians"  who 
trust  in  him.  He  produces  popular  pro- 
verbs, is  brimful  of  merry  mischief, 
droll  as  Sam  Slick,  indifferent  honest  as 
(iii  Bias,  light-hearted  as  Andrew  Bode, 
as  full  of  tricks  as  Seapin,  and  as  populai 
OS  Robin  Hood.     The  book  is  crammed 


TYLWVTII  TEG. 


1047 


TYSON. 


with  observations,  anecdotes,  fables,  ban 
mots,  facetiae,  ami  shows  forth  the  oin- 
nipotence  of  common  sense.  There  are 
two  good  English  versions  of  this  popular 
piearesco  romance — one  printed  by  William 
Copland,  and  entitled  The  Merrye  Jeste 
of  a  Man  called  Jfowle<jlass,  and  the  many 
Marvellous  Thinges  and  Testes  which  he  did 
in  his  Lyfe  in  Eastland;  and  the  other 
published  in  1860,  translated  by  K.  R.  II. 
Mackenzie,  and  illustrated  by  Alfred 
Crowquill.  In  1720  was  brought  out  a 
modified  and  abridged  edition  of  the 
German  story. 

To  few  mortals  has  it  been  granted  to  earn  such  a  plnr-o 
In  universal  history-  as  Tyll  Eulensplegel  [l"/rii-s/,c-'.,/il 
Now,  after  live  centuries,  Tyll's  native  village  is  pointed 
out  with  pride  to  the  traveller,  anil  his  tombstone  .  .  . 
still  stands  ...  at  Mullen,  near  I.ubeck,  where,  since 
1850,  [sic]  Ills  once  nimble  bones  have  been  at  rest — 
Carlj  le. 

Tylwyth  Teg,  or  the  "  Family  of 
Beauty,"  elves  who  "dance  in  the  moon- 
light on  the  velvet  sward,"  in  their  airy 
and  flowing  robes  of  blue  and  green, 
white  and  scarlet.  These  beautiful  fays 
delight  in  showering  benefits  on  the 
human  race. — The  Mabinoyion  (note,  p. 
203). 

Tyneman  (2  syl.),  Archibald  IV. 
earl  of  Douglas.  So  called  because  he 
was  always  on  the  losing  side. 

Tyre,  in  Dry  den's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophel,  means  Holland. 
"  Egypt,"  in  the  same  satire,  means 
France. 

I  mourn,  my  countrymen,  your  lost  estate  .  .  . 
Now  all  your  liberties  a  spoil  are  made, 
Egypt  and  Tyrus  intercept  your  bade. 

I't.  I.  (16S1). 

Tyre  (Archbishop  of),  with  the  cru- 
saders.— Sir  W.  Scott,  'The  Talisman 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Tynan  Cyn'osure  (3  syl.),  Ursa 
Minor  Ursa  Major  is  called  by  Milton 
"The  Star  of  Arcady,"  from  Calisto, 
daughter  of  Lyca'on  the  first  king  of 
Arcadia,  who  was  changed  into  this  con- 
stellation. Her  son  Areas  or  Cynosura 
was  made  the  Lesser  Rear. — Pausanias, 
Itinerary  of  Greece,  viii.  4. 

Ami  thou  shall  be  our  star  of  Arcady, 
Or  Tyrlan  Cynosure. 

Milton,  Comut.  343  (1634). 

Tyrie,  one  of  the  archers  in  fhe 
Scottish  guard  of  Louia  XI.—  Sir  W. 
Scott,  Quentin  Dnrward  (time,  Edward 
IV.). 

Tyrit  (The  Rev.  Michael),  minister  of 
Glenor  pihy. — Sir  \V.  Scott,  The  High- 
land Widow  (time,  George  11.). 


Tyrog'lyphus  ("the cheese-so •■  , 

one  of  the  mouse  princes  slain  in  the 
battle  of  t  he  frogs  and  mice  by  Ly LD- 
nisius  ("  the  laker"). 

I-ymni-hai  good  Tyroglypfata  assails. 

Prince  of  thi  mici  to  il  h  i  mi  the  rt.wery  rales; 

Lust  t.i  the  luilky  far.-s  and  ru:  I 

Be  came  to  pi  rlab  on  the  bsuih  ol  sat,-. 

Parnell,  IStUtle  of  On  J-yogi  aiui  Mice.  Ui.  (about  1711). 

Tyrrel  (JFrancis),  the  nephew  cf  Mr. 

Mortimer.  He  loves  Bliss  Aubrey  "  with 
an  ardent,  firm,  disinterested  love."  Cn 
one  occasion,  Miss  Aubrey  w;is  insulted 
by  lord  Courtland,  with  whom  Tyrrel 
fought  a  duel,  and  was  for  a  time  in 
hiding;  but  when  Courtland  recoYered 
from  his  wounds,  Tyrrel  re-appeared,  and 
ultimately  married  the  lady  of  his  afTec- 
tion. — Cumberland,  The  Fashionable  Lover 
(1780). 

Tyrrel  (Frank)  or  Martigny  earl  of 
Etherington,  son  of  the  late  earl  and  la 
comtesse  de  Martigny  his  wife.  Be  ii 
supposed  to  be  illegitimate.  Frank  is  in 
love  with  Clara  Mowbray,  daughter  of 
Mr.  Mowbray  of  St.  Ronan's. — .>ir  W. 
Scott,  St.  Jionan's  Well  (time,  George 
III.). 

Tyrtaeos,  selected  by  the  Spartans 
as  their  leader,  because  his  lays  inspired 
the  soldiers  to  deeds  of  daring.  The 
following  is  a  translation  of  one  of  his 
marl  ial  songs  : — 

Oh,  bow  Joyous  to  fall  in  the  face  of  tho  foe, 

Vat  country  and  altar  to  die ! 
But  a  lut  more  Ignoble  DO  mortal  can  know. 
Than  with  children  and  parents,  heartbroken  with  woe. 

From  home  as  an  exile  to  Uy. 

r/nrecompensed  labour,  starvation,  and  scorn. 

The  feel  of  the  captive  attend  ; 
Dishonoured  nia  race,  by  i  borne  | 

From  altar,  from  country,  friim  kith  and  km  torn. 
No  brother,  no  Mater,  no  friend. 

To  the  field,  then  !    lie  strong,  and  nr  lull  ye  like  men  I 

Who  shall  fear  for  his  country  la  fall  ] 
Ye  younger,  in  rank-  lirnilv  serried  remain; 
Ye  elders,  though  weak,  look  on  Bight  with  disdain, 

And  honour  )our  fatherland's  call  I 

K.C.  11 

Tyrtwos  (The  Spanish),  Manuel  Jose" 
QuintSna,  whose  odes  stimulated  the 
Spaniards  to  vindicate  th>'ir  liberty  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  War  of  Indepen- 
dence (177.'  1867). 

*„*  Who  can  tell  the  influence  of  such 
odea  ms  the  Marseillaise,  or  some  of  the 
Jacobite  Bongs,  on  the  spirit  of  ■  people? 
Even  the  music-hall  song,  "We  don't 
want  to  fight,"  almost  roused  the  English 
nation  into  a  war  with  Russia  in  1878, 

Tyson  (Kate),  a  romantic  young  lady, 
who  marries  Prank  Cheeney. — Wybert 
Reeve,  Parted. 


UBALDO. 


1018 


UL-EKIN. 


U. 

TTbaldo,  one  of  the  crusaders,  mature 
in  age.  lie  had  visited  many  regions, 
"from  polar  cold  to  Libya's  burning 
soil."  He  and  Charles  the  Dane  went  to 
bring  back  Binaldo  from  the  enchanted 
castle. — Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered (1575). 

Ubaldo  and  Ricardo,  two  men 
gent  by  Honoris  queen  of  Hungary,  to 
tempt  the  fidelity  of  Sophia,  because  the 

5ueen  was  in  love  with  her  hatband 
[athiaa.  Immediately  Sophia  under- 
stood the  object  of  their  visit,  she  bad 
the  two  men  confined  in  separate  rooms, 
where  they  were  made  to  earn  their  food 
hv  spinning. — Massinger,  The  Picture 
(1629). 

TJbe'da  (Orbancia  of),  a  painter  who 
drew  a  cock  so  preposterously  that  he 
Was  obliged  to  write  under  it,  ''This  is  a 
cock,"  in  order  that  the  spectator  might 
know  what  was  intended  to  be  repre- 
sented.— Cervantes,  Dun  Quixote,  II.  i.  3 
(1615). 

TJberti  (Farinata  Dealt),  a  noble 
Florentine,  leader  of  the  Chihclline 
faction.  Dante  represents  him  in  his 
Inferno  as  lying  in  a  fiery  tomb  yet  open 
ami  not  to  be  closed  till  the  last  judg- 
ment. 

TJberto,  count  d'Este,  etc. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Durioso  (1510). 

Udaller,  one  who  holds  land  by  allo- 
dial tenure.  Magnus  Troil  was  a  udaller, 
in  sir  W.  Scott's  Pirate. 

Ude,  the  most  learned  of  cooks, 
author  of  La  Science  de  Oueule.  He 
says,  "  Coquus  nascitur  not  lit."  That 
"music,  dancing,  fencing,  painting,  and 
mechanics  possess  professors  under 
20  years  of    age,    hut    pre-eminence   in 

Cooking  is  never  attained  under  80." 
He  was  premier  artiste  to  Louis  XVI., 
then  to    lord  Seftoii,  then   to   the  duke  of 

York,  tlun  chef  de  cuisine  at  Crockf ord's. 
It  is  said  that  he  quitted  the  carl  of 
Befton  because  one  of  his  lordship's 
guests  added  pepper  to  his  soup.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Fruncatclli. 

%*    Yatcl,     we    are    told,     committed 

suicide  (ii'>7f)  during  a  banquel  given  by 
the  prince  de  Conde*,  because  the  lobsters 
for  the  turbot  sauce  did  not  arrive  in 
time. 


TJdolpho  (The  Mysteries  of),  s  ro- 
mance by  Mrs.  Kadclilre  (1790). 

Ugo,  natural  son  of  Niccolo  III.  of 
Ferrara.  His  father  had  for  his  second 
wife  Parisi'na  Malatesta,  between  whom 
and  UgO  a  criminal  attachment  arose. 
When  Niccolo  was  informed  thereof,  he 
had  both  brought  to  open  trial,  and  both 
were  condemned  to  sutfer  death  by  the 
common  headsman. — Frizzi,  History  of 
Ferrara. 

Ugoli'no,  count  of  Gheradese.i,  a 
leader  of  the  Cue! phi  in  l'isa.  He  was 
raised  to  the  highest  honours,  but  the 
archbishop   Rnggie'ri  incited  the  Pisana 

against  him,  his  eastle  was  attacked,  two 
of  his  grandsons  fell  in  the  assault,  and 
the  count  himself,  with  his  two  sons  and 
two  surviving  grandsons,  were  imprisoned 
in  the  tower  of  the  Gualandi,  on  the 
I'ia/za  of  the  An/iani       Being  locked  in, 

the  dungeon  k<  \  was  flung  into  the  Arao, 

and  all  food  was  withheld  from  them. 
<  >n  the  fourth  day,  his  son  Gaddo  died, 
and  by  the  sixth  day  little  Anselm  with 
the  two  grandchildren  "fell  one  l>v  one.'' 
Last  of  all  the  count  died  also 
and  the  dungeon  was  ever  after  called 
'•  The  Tower  of  Famine." 

Haute  has  introduced  this  story  in  his 
Inferno,  ■and  represents  Ugolino  as  de- 
vouring moat  voraciously  the  head  of 
Ruggieri,  while  frozen  in  the  lake  of  ice. 

Chaucer,  in  his  Canterbury  Tales, 
makes  the  monk  briefly  tell  this  sail 
story,  and  calls  the  count  "  llugelinc  of 
Pise." 

Oh  thou  Pisa,  shame  !  .   .  .   What  if  fame 
Bl  i»>riiii  that  Ui>  QMttal  Ma  l-errayed, 
Hy  I'guliini.  let  i.. i  ri^ht  luil-t  Un.u 

1..  itrateti  bbcbudraa  on  tbanek  .  .  . 

Their  tender  yearn  .  .  .  unr.'iimUe  of  guilt. 

Dua,  n..:.  mm.  (1300) 

Rememher  Dgolino  condescends 
To  eat  the  head  «>f  lib  archenemy 
Tlie  moment  alter  he  poHlolj  endj 
11  ii  tale. 

Byron.  Don  Juan,  11.  83  (1819). 

Ulad,  Ulster. 

When  Uliul's  Uiree  champions  lay  sleeping  In  gore. 

1    Ho  ire,/i  .  u eng1ll( 

an.l  Lri^ht  .  .  .*  ISM). 

Ula'nia,  queen  of  [slanda.     She  sent 

a  golden  shield  to  Charlemagne,  to  lie 
given  as  a  prize  to  his  bravest  knight, 
and  whoever  won  it  might  claim  the 
donor  in  marriage. — Ariosto,  Oriaruh 
I'urioso,  xv.  (151(1). 

TJl-Erin,  the  guiding  star  of  Ireland. 

When  night  BUM  down.  I  >.tni<  k  at  linn's  the  naming 
ooaa.  I  htrurk  and  look.  .1  on  high  for  ftery-halrad  l  1- 
Kriii  ;  n. ir  absent  ni  the  SOU  of  heaven  ;  it  Iravellcl  rul 
between  the  I  llglllg     Patau    Dmera,  It. 


ULFIN. 


1049 


ULYSSES. 


Ulfill,  the  page  of  Gondibert's  grand - 
Bire,  and  the  faithful  Achates  of  Gondi- 
bert's father.  He  cured  Gondibert  by  a 
cordial  kept  in  his  sword  hilt. — Sir  W. 
Davenant,  Gondibert  (died  1668). 

Ulien's  Son,  Rodomont. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1516). 

Ulin,  an  enchantress,  who  had  no 
power  over  those  who  remained  faithful 
to  Allah  and  their  duty ;  but  if  any  fell 
into  error  or  sin,  she  had  full  power  to  do 
as  she  liked.  Thus,  when  Misnar  (sultan 
of  India)  mistrusted  the  protection  of 
Allah,  she  transformed  him  into  a  toad. 
When  the  vizier  Horam  believed  a  false 
report,  obviously  untrue,  she  trans- 
formed him  also  into  a  toad.  And 
when  the  princess  Hemjuuah,  to  avoid 
a  marriage  projected  by  her  father, 
ran  away  with  a  stranger,  her  indiscre- 
tion placed  her  in  the  power  of  the  en- 
chantress, who  transformed  her  likewise 
into  a  toad.  Ulin  was  ultimately  killed 
by  Misnar  sultan  of  Delhi,  who  felled 
her  to  the  ground  with  a  blow. — Sir  C. 
Morell  [J.  Ridley],  Tales  of  the  Genii, 
vi.,  viii.  (1751). 

Ullin,  Fingal's  aged  bard,  called  "the 
sweet  voice  of  resounding  Cona." 

Ullin,  the  Irish  name  for  Ulster. 

He  pursued  the  chase  on  Ullin,  on  the  moss-covered  tip 
of  Drumardo. — Ossian,  Temora,  il. 

Ullin's  Daughter  {Lord),  a  young 
lady  who  eloped  with  the  chief  of  Ulva's 
Isle,  and  induced  a  boatman  to  row  them 
over  Lochgyle  during  a  storm.  The  boat 
was  capsized  just  as  lord  Ullin  and  his 
retinue  reached  the  shore.  He  saw  the 
'peril,  he  cried  in  agony,  "Come  back, 
come  back  !  and  I'll  forgive  your  High- 
land chief ; "  but  it  was  too  late,  the 
"  waters  wild  rolled  o'er  his  child,  and 
he  was  left  lamenting." — Campbell,  Lord 
Ullin's  Daughter  (a  ballad). 

Ul-Iiochlin,  the  guiding  star  of 
Lochlin  or  Scandinavia. — Ossian,  Cath- 
Loda,  ii. 

Ulric,  son  of  Werner  {i.e.  count  of 
Siegendorf).  With  the  help  of  Gabor, 
he  saved  the  count  of  Stral'enheim  from 
the  Oder  ;  but  murdered  him  afterwards 
for  the  wrongs  he  had  done  his  father 
and  himself,  especially  in  seeking  to 
oust  them  of  the  princely  inheritance  of 
Siegendorf. — Byron,  Werner  (1822). 

Ulri'ca,   in  Charles  XII.,   by   J.  R. 

Planehe  (1826). 


Ulri'ca,  a  girl  of  great  beauty  and 
noble  determination  of  character,  natural 
daughter  of  Ernest  de  Fridberg.  Dressed 
in  the  clothes  of  Herman  (the  deaf  and 
dumb  jailer-lad),  she  gets  access  to  the 
dungeon  where  her  father  is  confined  as 
a  "  prisoner  of  State,"  and  contrives  his 
escape,  but  he  is  recaptured.  Where- 
upon Christine  (a  young  woman  in  the 
service  of  the  countess  Marie)  goes 
direct  to  Frederick  II.  and  obtains  his 
pardon. — E.  Stirling,  The  Prisoner  of 
State  (1847). 

Ulri'ca,  alias  Martha,  mother  of 
Bertha  the  betrothed  of  Hereward 
(3  syl.). — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Parts  (time,  Rufus). 

Ulri'ca,  daughter  of  the  late  thane  of 
Torquilstone  ;  alias  Dame  Urfried,  an  old 
sibyl  at  Torquilstone  Castle. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Ulster  {The  kings  of).  The  kings  of 
Ulster  were  called  O'Neil ;  those  of  Mini- 
ster, O'Brien  ;  of  Connaiujht,  O'Connor ;  of 
Leinster,  MacMorrough  ;  and  of  Meath, 
O'Melaghlin. 

Urtima  Thule  (2  syl.),  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  world  ;  the  most  northern 
point  known  to  the  ancient  Romans. 
Pliny  and  others  say  it  is  Iceland  ;  Cam- 
den says  it  is  Shetland.  It  is  the  Gothic 
tiule  ("the  most  remote  land"). 

Tibi  serviat  ultima  Thul«. 

Virgil,  Georgia,  i.  30. 

Ultimus  Romano'rum,  Horace 
Walpole  (1717-1797). 

TTlvfagre,  the  fierce  Dane,  who  mas- 
sacred the  Culdees  of  Io'na,  and  having 
bound  Aodh  in  iron,  carried  him  to  the 
church,  demanding  of  him  where  he  had 
concealed  the  church  treasures.  At  that 
moment  a  mysterious  gigantic  figure  in 
white  appeared,  anil,  taking  I'lvfagro  by 
the  arm,  led  him  to  the  statue  of  St. 
Columb,  which  instantly  fell  on  him  and 
killed  him. 

The  tottering  iirnw  was  dashed 
Down  from  its  lofty  pedestal; 
On  Ulvfagre's  helm  it  crashed. 
Helmet,  and  skiril,  and  flesh,  and  brain. 
It  crushed  as  millstones  crush  the  grain. 

Campbell,  /iouffwa. 

Ulysses,  a  corrupt  form  of  Odusseua 
[O.dus'.suce],  the  king  of  Ithaca.  He 
is  one  of  the  chief  heroes  in  Homer's 
Iliad,  and  the  chief  hero  of  the  Odyssey. 
Homer  represents  him  as  being  craftily 
wise  and  full  of  devices.     Virgil  ascribed 


ULYSSES  AND  POLYPHEMOS.      1050   ULYSSES  OF  THE  HIGHLANDS. 


to  him  the  invention  of  the  Wooden 
Horse. 

Ulysses  was  very  unwilling  to  join  the 
expedition  to  Troy,  and  pretended  to  be 
mad.  Thus,  when  Palamedes  came  to 
summon  him  to  the  war,  he  was  sowing 
Bait  instead  of  barley. 

Ulysses's  Bow.  Only  Ulysses  could 
draw  this  bow,  and  he  could  shoot  an 
arrow  from  it  through  twelve  rings. 

William  the  Conqueror  had  a  bow 
which  no  arm  but  his  own  could  bend. 

Robin  Hood's  bow  could  je  bent  by 
no  hand  but  his  own. 

*+*  Statius  says  that  no  one  but  Ka- 
paneus  [Kap'.a.nuce]  could  poise  his 
spear : 

His  cypress  spear  with  steel  encircled  shone. 
Not  to  be  poised  but  by  bis  hand  alone. 

Thtbaid,  v. 

Ulysses's  Dog,  Argus,  which  recognized 
his  master  after  an  absence  of  twenty 
years.  (See  Theron,  king  Roderick's 
dog,  p.  991.) 

Ulysses  and  Polyphemos. 

Ulysses  and  his  crew,  having  reached 
the  island  of  Sicily,  strayed  into  the  cave 
of  Polyphemos,  the  giant  Cyclops.  Soon 
as  the  monster  returned  and  saw  the 
strangers,  he  seized  two  of  them,  and, 
having  dashed  out  their  brains,  made  his 
supper  off  them,  "nor  entrails  left,  nor 
yet  their  marrowy  bones  ;  "  then  stretched 
he  his  huge  carcase  on  the  floor,  and  went 
to  sleep.  Next  morning,  he  caught  up 
two  others,  devoured  them  for  his  break- 
fast, then  stalked  forth  into  the  open  air, 
driving  his  flocks  before  him.  At  sun- 
down lie  returned,  seized  other  two  for 
his  supper,  and  after  quaffing  three  bowls 
of  wine,  fell  asleep.  Then  it  was  that 
Ulysses  bored  out  the  giant's  eye  with  a 
green  olive  stake  heated  in  the  fire.  The 
monster  roared  with  pain,  and  after 
searching  in  vain  to  seize  some  of  his 
tormentors,  removed  the  rock  from  the 
mouth  of  the  cave  to  let  out  his  goats 
and  sheep.  Ulysses  and  his  companions 
escaped  at  the  same  time  by  attaching 
themselves  to  the  bellies  of  the  sheep, 
and  made  for  their  ship.  Polyphemos 
hurled  rocks  at  the  vessel,  and  nearly 
succeeded  in  sinking  it,  but  the  fugitives 
made  good  their  flight,  and  the  blinded 
monster  was  left  lamenting. — Homer, 
Odyssey,  ix. 

*+*  An  extraordinary  parallel  to  this 
tale  is  told  in  the  third  voyage  of  Sind- 
bad  the  sailor.  Sindbad's  vessel  was 
driven  by  a  tempest  to  an  island  of  pyg- 
mies, and  advancing  into  the  interior  the 


crew  came  to  a  "high  palace,"  into 
which  they  entered.  At  sundown  came 
home  the  giant,  "tall  as  a  palm  tree  ; 
and  in  the  middle  of  his  forehead  was 
one  eye,  red  and  fiery  as  a  burning  coal." 
Soon  as  he  saw  the  intruders,  he  caught 
up  the  fattest  of  them  and  roasted  him 
for  his  supper,  then  lay  down  to  sleep, 
and  "  snored  louder  than  thunder."  At 
daybreak  he  left  the  palace,  but  at  night 
returned,  and  made  his  meal  off  another 
of  the  crew.  This  was  repeated  a  third 
night,  but  while  the  monster  slept, 
Sindbad,  with  a  red-hot  spit,  scooped  out 
his  eye.  "  The  pain  he  suffered  made 
him  groan  hideously,"  and  he  fumbled 
about  the  place  to  catch  some  of  his  tor- 
mentors "on  whom  to  glut  his  rage;" 
but  not  succeeding  in  this,  he  left  the 
palace,  "bellowing  with  pain."  Sind- 
bad and  the  rest  lost  no  time  in  making 
for  the  sea  ;  but  scarcely  had  they  pushed 
off  their  rafts  when  the  giant  approached 
with  many  others,  and  hurled  huge  stones 
at  the  fugitives.  Some  of  them  even 
ventured  into  the  sea  up  to  their  waists, 
and  ever)'  raft  was  sunk  except  the  one 
on  which  Sindbad  and  two  of  his  com- 
panions made  their  escape.  —  Arabian 
Nights  ("  Sindbad  the  Sailor,"  third 
voyage). 

Another  similar  tale  occurs  in  the 
Basque  legends,  in  which  the  giant's 
name  is  Tartaro,  and  his  eye  was  bored 
out  with  spits  made  red  hot.  As  in  the 
previous  instances,  some  seamen  had 
inadvertently  wandered  into  the  giant's 
dwelling,  and  Tartaro  had  banqueted  on 
three  of  them,  when  his  eye  was  scooped 
out  by  the  leader.  This  man,  like 
Ulysses,  made  his  escape  by  means  of 
a  ram,  but,  instead  of  clinging  to  the 
ram's  belly,  he  fastened  round  his  neck 
the  ram's  bell,  and  threw  over  his  back  a 
sheep-skin.  When  Tartaro  laid  his  hand 
on  the  skin,  the  man  left  it  behind  and 
made  good  his  escape. 

That  all  these  tales  are  borrowed  from 
one  source  none  can  doubt.  The  Iliad  of 
Homer  had  been  translated  into  Syriac  by 
Theophilus  Edessenes,  a  Christian  Ma- 
ronite  monk  of  mount  Libanus,  during 
the  caliphate  of  Harun-ur-Rashid  (a.l>. 
786-809). — See  Notes  and  Queries,  April 
19,  1879. 

Ulysses  of  Brandenburg  (The), 
Albert  III.  elector  of  Brandenburg,  also 
called  "The  German  Achilles"  (1414- 
1486). 

Ulysses  of  the  Highlands  ( Tlie), 
sir    Evan     Cameron,     lord     of     LochieJ 


UMBRA. 

fLok.keeV],  and  sumamed  "The  Black  " 
died  1719). 

%*  It  was  the  son  of  sir  Evan  who 
was  called  "  The  Gentle  Lochiel." 

Uinbra  (Obsequious),  in  Garth's  Dis- 
pensury,  is  meant  for  Dr.  Gould  (1G99). 

Umbriel'  (2  ayl.),  the  tutelar  angel 

of  Thomas  the  apostle,  once  a  Sudducee, 
and  always  hard  of  conviction. — Klop- 
Btock,  The  Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Umbriel  [Utn.Weel'],  a  sprite  whom 
Spleen  supplies  with  a  bagful  of  "  sighs, 
sobs,  and  cross  words,"  and  a  vialful  of 
"  soft  sorrows,  melting  grief,  and  flowing 
tears."  When  the  baron  cuts  off  Belinda's 
lock  of  hair,  Umbriel  breaks  the  via] 
over  her,  and  Belinda  instantly  begins 
sighing  and  sobbing,  chiding,  weeping, 
and  pouting. — Pope,  Rape  of  the  Lock 
(1712). 

Umbriel.  ft  dusky,  melancholy  sprite 
As  ever  sullied  the  f:iir  faee  of  tight, 

Down  to  the  central  earth,  Ma  proper  scene, 

Repaired,  to  search  the  gloomy  cave  of  Sj  l.--n. 

Canto  iv.  13,  etc. 

TJ'na,  truth  ;  so  called  because  truth 
is  one.  She  goes,  leading  a  lamb  and 
riding  on  a  white  ass,  to  the  court  of 
Gloriana,  to  crave  that  one  of  her  knights 
might  undertake  to  slay  the  dragon 
which  kept  her  father  and  mother 
prisoners.  The  adventure  is  accorded  t" 
the  Red  Cross  Knight,  and  the  two  start 
forth  together.  A  storm  ('(impels  them 
to  seek  shelter  in  a  forest,  ami  when  the 
storm   abates   they  get   into  Wandering 

W 1,  where  they  are  induced  bj   Archi- 

magO  to  sleep  in  his  cell.  A  vision  is 
pent,  to  the  knight,  which  causes  him  to 
(|iiit  the  ceB,  and  Una,  not  a  little  sur- 
prised at  this  discourtesy,  goes  in  search 
of  him.  In  her  wanderings  she  is 
caressed  by  a  Hon,  who  becomes  hi  r 
attendant.  After  many  adventures,  she 
finds  St.  George  "the  Bed  Cross  Knight;" 
he  had  slain    the    dragon,   thongh    not 

Without  many  a  fell  wound;  so  Una 
takes  him  to  the  houseof  Holiness,  where 
he  is  Carefully  nursed  ;  and  then  leads 
him   to  Eden,   where   they  are    united  in 

marriage. — Spenser,  Fairy  Queen,  i. 
(1590). 

Una,  one  of  Flora  M'lvor's  attend- 
ants. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Wavcrley  (time, 
George  II.). 

Unadorned  Adornod  the  Most. 

.  .  .  loreliiMei 
Nmh  ■">!  the  foreign  aid  of  ornament, 
But  l.,  when  unadorned,  adorned  the  ma  t 

Tluuuxm,    SfOMIU   ["  AiHiimn  •    lj,i  mut,  '    1730). 


1061  UNDINE. 


Uncas,  son  of  f'hingachcook,  ear- 
named  "Deer  foot."—  1'.  Cooper,  Last  of 
the  Mohicans;  The  Pathfinder;  and  The 
Pioneer. 

Unborn  Doctor  (77«-),  of  Moor- 
fields.  Not  being  born  a  doctor,  he 
called  himself  "  The  Dh-born  Doctor." 

Uncle  Sam,  the  United  - 
Government ;  so  called  from  Samuel 
Wilson,  one  of  the  inspectors  of  pro- 
visions in  the  American  War  of  Inde- 
fendence.  Samuel  Wilson  was  called  by 
is  workmen  and  others  "Uncle  Sam.' 
and  the  goods  which  bore  the  contractor's 
initials,  E'A.  U-S.  (meaning  "  Elbert 
Anderson,  United  State-  "),  wen 
"  Elbert  Anderson,"  and  "  Uncle  Sam." 
The  joke  was  too  good  to  die,  and  Uncle 
Sam  became  synonymous  with  U.S. 
(United  States). 

Uncle  Toby,  a  captain  who  had  been 
wounded  at  the  siege  of  Namur,  and  had 
been  dismissed  the  service  on  half-pay. 
Most  kind  and  benevolent,  mod. 
simple-minded,  but  brave  and  firm  in  his 
own     opinions.       Bis    gallantry    towards 

Widow  Wadman  is  exquisite  for  it* 
modesty  and  chivalry.  Uncle  Toby  re- 
tains his  military  tastes  and  camp  habits 
to  the  last. — Sterne,  The  Life  and  Opinion* 
of  Tristram  Shandy.  0(  ntt(  m  m    i . 

But  what  ibaS  I  aq  to  Hut.  than  qotntaaaraea  of  tho 
milk  of  human  kiinln.-<.  .  .  .  thou  master  ol  ■ 
corporals,  ,  .  .  thou  high  and  onl)  Anal  i  brlatian  gentle- 
man, .  .  .  dlrine  uncle  Tutqrt  .  .  .  .   Ha  »^ 

(In    irtaait  man  since  the  days  of  Sl>.d.»peure 
hlrmelf,— Leigh  Hunt 

Uncle  Tom,  a  negro  slave  of  un- 
affected piety,  and  most  faithful  in  the 
discharge  of  all  his  duties.    His  master,  a 

humane  man,  becomes  cmharras-ed  in  his 

affairs,  and  sells  him  to  ■  • 

After  passing  through  various  hands,  and 

suffering  intolerable  cruelties,  he  dies. — 

Mr-.  Beecher  Stowe,   I  ■       .     .  \ 

(1862). 

%*  The  original  of  this  character  was 
the    negro    slave     Subsequently    ordained 

and  called  "  the  Rev.  j.  Benson.*1     He 

was   in    London    1876,    1877,   took   part    in 

several  religious  services,  and  w 

presented  to  her  majesty  queen  Victoria. 

Undino   [Oon-deen],  a  water-sylph, 

who  was  in  early  childhood  changed  for 
the  young  child  of  ■  fisherman  living  <>n 

a  peninsula  near  an  enchant,  d  forest, 
line   day,    sir   1 1  iildbrand   took   shelter  in 

the  fisherman's  hut,   fell   in    Ion 

Undine,  and  married  her.  Being  thus 
united  to  8  man,  the  sylph  received  a  soul. 


UNGRATEFUL  BIRD. 


1052 


URANIA. 


Not  lon^  after  the  wedding,  sir  Iluld- 
brand  returned  homeward,  Dot  stopped 
awhile  in  the  city  which  lay  ra  the  other 
■ide  of  the  forest,  and  met  there  Bertalda, 
a  beautiful  hut  haughty  lady,  whom  they 
invited  to  go  with  them  to  their  home, 
the  Castle  Bingstettin.  For  ■  time  the 
knight  was  troubled  with  visions,  hot 
Undine  had  the  month  of  ■  well  i 
np,  ;md  thus  prevented  the  ■ 
from  getting  into  tlie  castle.  In  time,  the 
knight  neglected  his   wife  and   I 

attached    to    Bertalda,  who  was   in  reality 

the  changeling.  One  day,  sailing  on  the 
Danube,  the  knight  rebuked  Undine  ia 
his  anger,  and  immediately  shi 
snatched  away  by  nates  sylphs  to  her 
water  home.  Not  long  after,  the  knight 
proposed  to  Bertalda,  and  the  wedding 
day  arri\  ed.    I  lertalde  requested  her  maid 

to    bring   her  some   water  f nun   the  well  ; 

so  the  cover  was  removed,  Undii 
from  the  upheaving  water,  went  to  the 
chamber  of  sir  rluldbrand,  Kissed  him, 
and    lie   died.     They    huried    him,   and   a 
Silver   stream   bubbled   round   his 

Undine  who  thus  embraced  him, 

true  in  life  and   faithful   in  death.  —  De  la 

Moit,.  K |,i.  .      l->o7). 

*»*  This  romance  is  founded  on  a  tale 
byTheophrastni  Paracelsus,  in  his  Treatise 
vn  Elemental  Sprites, 

Ungrateful  Bird  {The).  The  pe- 
wit or  green  plovei  l.s  so  called  in  .Scot- 
land. 

•r  nr  prwfl  .  .  .  Ii  call  p.  I  "  the  ungrate- 
ful bird," for  the  I  and  then 
rviiinn  t                              u  young  t<»  r- 
Onptahl  Hurt,  LttUTl/rom  l/u  XurtK  iC 

Ungratoful  Quest  soldier 

in  the  army  of  Philip  ot  MaoBdon,  who 
had  been  hospitably  entertained  by  a 
villager.  Being  asked  by  the  kin^  what 
lie  could  give  him  in  reward  of  his 
services,  the  fellow  requested  he  might 

have    the    farm    and    cottage    of    his    late 

host.     Philip,  disgusted  at  such  bs 

had  him  branded  with  the  words,  Tiik 

I   RURATl  it  i.  tit  MT< 

U'nicorn.  The  unicorn  and  lion 
are  always  like  cat  and  dog,  and  as  soon 
as  a  lion  si  es  his  enemy  he  Intakes  him 
to  a  tree.  The  unicorn,  in  his  blind  fury 
running  pell-mell  at  his  foe,  darts  his 

horn  fast  into  the  tree,  and   then   the  lion 
falls  upon  him  and  devours  him.—  I  . 
//  Animalntm  (1661   W   , 

Wert   then   tin'  unlearn,   |>ri<lc  MM)   wrath   wimiIiI   ron- 

foouii  that,  Mini  maJti  ihlua  own  wif  tha  • m  i  •■<  iuy 

nBTjr.-Shnl,-.|^ar,..   7  taaM  ../  .t  <».  >i«.  Iv.  3,1 

Unique   (T/te),  Jean   Paul    Richter, 


whose  romances  are  quite  unique  and 
belong  to  no  school  (1768-1835). 

Universal  Doctor,  Alain  de  Lille 

(Mil  ; 

*,*  Sometimes  Thomas  Aquinas  is  also 
called  Dijctur  Universalis  (1224-1374). 

Unknown  (The  Great),  sir  Walter 
Sett,  who  published  the  Wavnrjay  novels 
anonymously  ( 177 1-lH.iJ). 

Unlearned    Parliament    ( The). 

The   parliament  convened    l>y   Henry    IV. 

at  Coventry,  m  Warwickshire  (1404),  was 

so  called  In  cause  lawyers  were  excluded 
from  it. 

Unlicked  Bear,  a  lout,  a  cn!>.  It 
used  to  be  thought  thnt  the  hear  brought 
forth    only    I  flcnh, 

which  she  licked  into  »haj»e  and  life  afta* 
birth. 

Like  to  a  chaoa.  or  an  unlkked  bntr  whrlp, 
Tliat  rarrba  no  Imprcaaion  like  the  I 

Shaawpeaxa.  3  tlwnrp  I/,  act  in.  tc  i  (1S03). 

Unlucky  Possessions,  the  gold  of 
Nibelungen  ami  the  gold  of   I 

•■•.■1    ([..    403),    Harmoniaa 
Deckle  -     rborne,  in  1 1 

Unready  (7%  [!.(•,  ?7h. 

not  mean  "never 
r  prepared,*1  but  Inching  reds,  i.e. 
"wisdom,  judgment,  or  kingcraft." 

Unreason  (J  , et  1'athrr 

lliiWl.Ki.l.AH,     one     Of     the     u 

Kennaquhair. — Sir  W.  Bcott,   lm 
(time,  l 

Un\va3lied  (  Thi  Great),  the  common 
l:  was  Burke  who  tir.-t  applied 

this  term  t0  ' 

Upholsterer  (The),  a  farce  by 
Murphy  (1768).  Abraham  Quidnunc, 
upholsterer,  in  St.  Martin's-in-the-Ficlds, 

being  erased  with    politics, 

ins  bnauv  bs  for  the  affairs  of   Europe, 

that  In  i   bankrupt  ;   but  at  this 

en-is  his  MO  ,'ohn,  who  had  married 
the  widow  of  a  rich  planter,  returns  from 
thl      W  ■  -;     Indies,    pays    otf    his    father's 

.    1  places  •  position  where 

he  may  indulge  his  love  for  politics  i  uh- 
out  hampering  himself  with  business. 

Ura'nin.  sister  of  ajtrophel  (.- ■<■ 
the  countess  of  Pembroke. 

t'ranta.  at.tcr  unto  A  I 

«■  |.r»ir  n,n.. I.  .i»  mi  a  ■bMm  Coder, 
All  hrarrnl,  Kiftl  and  rielxs.  l.«  k.«i  ara, 

llomm  A  f*in  (ISM). 

,1,  daughter  of  the  kinK'  of  - 


URANIAN  VENUS. 


1053 


URSA  MAJOR. 


who  fell  in  love  with  sir  Guy  (eldest  son 
of  St.  George,  the  patron  saint  of  England). 
— R.  Johnson,  The  Seven  Champions,  etc., 
iii.  2  (1617). 

Ura'niaii  Venus,  i.e.  "Celestial 
Venus,"  the  patroness  of  chaste  and  pure 
love. 

Venus  pandemos  or  popularis  is  the 
Venus  of  the  animal  passion  called 
M  love." 

Venus  etaira  or  arnica  is  the  Venus  of 
criminal  sensuality. 

The  seal  was  Cupid  bent  above  a  scroll, 
And  o'er  bis  head  Uranian  Venus  hung 
And  raised  the  blinding  bandage  from  his  eyes. 
Tennyson,  The  Princess,  i.  (1830). 

Urban  (Sylvanus),  the  hypothetical 
editor  of  The  Gentleman's  Magazine. 

In  the  summer  of  1825  I  had  apartments  in  the  Rue 
Verte,  Brussels.  My  lucataire  .  .  .  a  M.  Urbain  .  .  . 
informed  me  that  he  was  of  lineal  descent  from  an 
Englishman  of  that  name,  .  .  .  whose  prenomen  was 
"  Sylvain  " — See  Notes  and  Queries. 

Urchin,  a  hedgehog,  a  mischievous 
little  fellow,  a  dwarf,  an  imp. 

We'll  dress  like  urchins. 
Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  act  iv.  sc.  4  (1596). 

Ureus,  the  Egyptian  snake,  crowned 
with  a  mitre,  and  typical  of  heaven. 

Urfried  {Dame),  an  old  sibyl  at  Tor- 
quilstone  Castle ;  alias  Ulrica,  daughter  of 
the  late  thane  of  Torquilstone. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Urgan,  a  human  child  stolen  by  the 
king  of  the  fairies,  and  brought  up  in 
elf-laud.  He  was  sent  to  lay  on  lord 
Richard  the  "  curse  of  the  sleepless  eye  " 
for  killing  his  wife's  brother.  Then, 
said  the  dwarf  to  Alice  Brand  (the  wife 
of  lord  Richard),  "if  any  woman  will 
sign  my  brow  thrice  with  a  cross,  I  shall 
resume  my  proper  form."  Alice  signed 
him  thrice,  and  Urgan  became  at  once 
"the  fairest  knight  in  all  Scotland,"  and 
Alice  recognized  in  him  her  own  brother 
Ethert. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Lady  of  the  Lake, 
iv.  12  (1810). 

Urganda,  a  potent  fairy  in  the 
Amddis  de  Gaul  and  other  romances  of 
tiie  Carlovingian  cycle. 

This  Urganda  seemed  to  be  aware  of  her  own  im- 
portance.—Smollett. 

Ur'gel,  one  of  Charlemagne's  pala- 
dins, famous  for  his  enormous  strength. 

Uriel  (3  syl.)  or  Israfil,  the  angel 
who  is  to  sound  the  resurrection  trumpet. 
— Al  Koran. 

Uriel,  one  of  the  seven  great  spirits, 
Whose  station  was  in  the  sun.     The  word 


means  "God's  light"  (see  2  Esdras  iv., 
v.,  x.  28). 

The  archangel  Uriel,  one  of  the  seven 

Who  in  God's  presence,  nearest  to  His  throne. 

Stand  ready  at  command. 

Milton,  Paradise  Lost,  iii  648,  etc.  (1665). 

***  Longfellow  calls  him  "the  minister 
of  Mars,"  and  says  that  he  inspires  man 
with  "fortitude  to  bear  the  brunt  and 
suffering  of  life." — The  Golden  Leaend, 
iii.  (1851). 

U'rien,  the  foster-father  of  prince 
Madoc.  He  followed  the  prince  to  his 
settlement  in  North  America,  south  of 
the  Missouri  (twelfth  century). — Southey, 
Madoc  (1805). 

Urim,  in  Garth's  Dispensary,  is  de- 
signed for  Dr.  Atterbury. 

Urim  was  civil  and  not  void  of  sense, 
Had  humour  and  cuurteous  confidence,  .  .  . 
Constant  at  feasts,  and  each  decorum  knew, 
And  soon  as  the  dessert  appeared,  withdrew. 

The  Dispensary,  L  (1699). 

Urim    and   Thummim  was   tho 

"stone"  which  gave  light  in  the  ark. 
Our  version  says  that  God  commanded 
Noah  to  make  a  window,  but  the  transla- 
tion should  be  "to  make  a  light." — See 
Paracelsus,  Urim  and  Thummim. 

Urim  and  Thummim,  the  spectacles 
given  by  an  angel  to  Joseph  Smith,  to 
enable  him  to  read  the  revelation  written 
in  "  reformed  Egyptian "  on  the  plates 
hidden  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  in 
Ontario.  These  spectacles  are  described 
as  "  two  transparent  stones  set  in  the  rim 
on  a  bow  fastened  to  a  breastplate." 
Smith  deciphered  the  plates,  and  Oliver 
Cowdery  took  down  the  words,  "  because 
Smith  was  no  scholar." 

Urra'ea,  sister  of  Sancho  II.  of 
Castile,  and  queen  of  Zamora. — Poema 
del  Cid  Campeador  (1128). 

Urre  (Sir),  one  of  the  knights  of  the 
Round  Table.  Being  wounded,  the  king 
and  his  chief  knights  tried  on  him  the 
effect  of  "handling  the  wounds"  (i.e. 
touching  them  to  heal  them),  but  failed. 
At  last,  sir  Launcelot  was  invited  to  try, 
and  as  he  touched  the  wounds  they 
severally  healed. — Arthurian  Romance. 

Urrie  (Sir  John),  a  parliamentary 
leader. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Legend  of  Mont- 
rose (time,  Charles  I.). 

Ursa  Major,  Calisto,  daughter  of 
Lycaon,  violated  by  Jupiter,  and  con- 
verted by  Juno  into  a  bear;  whereupon  the 
king  of  gods  and  men  placed  her  in  the 
Zodiac  as  a  constellation.  The  Great 
Bear  is  also  called  "  llellice"  (see  p.  8t»> 


URSA  MAJOR. 


1054 


USELESS  PARLIAMENT. 


Ursa  Major.  Dr.  Johnson  was  so  called 
by  Boswell's  father  (1709-1784). 

My  father's  opinion  of  Dt.  Johnson  may  be  conjectured 
from  the  name  he  afterwards  gave  him,  whicli  was  "  Ursa 
Major  ;"  but  it  is  not  true,  as  has  been  reported,  that  It 
was  in  consoquenre  of  my  saving  that  he  was  a  coostelUv- 
tlon  of  genius  aivl  literature.— Boswell  (171)1). 

Ursa  Minor,  also  called  Cynosura 
("  the  dog's  tail "),  from  its  circular 
sweep.     The  pole-star  is  a  in  the  tail. 

"  Why,  Tom.  your  wife's  a  jwrfect  star ; 

In  truth.  n«»  woman's  finer." 
Says  Tom,  "  Your  simile  is  just. 

My  wife's  an  Ursa  Muior." 

The  Eaglet  (1827). 

Ursel  (Zedekias),  the  imprisoned  rival 
of  the  emperor  Alexius  Comnenus  of 
Greece. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rnfus). 

Ur'sula,  mother  of  Elsie,  and  wife  of 
Gottlieb  [<n,t.tccb],  a  cottage  farmer  of 
Bavaria. — Ilartmann  von  der  Aue,  Poor 
Henry  (twelfth  century)  ;  Longfellow, 
Golden  Legend  (1851). 

Ur'sula,  a  gentlewoman  attending  on 
Hero. — Shakespeare,  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing  (1G00). 

Ur'sula,  a  silly  old  duenna,  vain  of  her 
Baraband  dancing ;  though  not  fair  yet 
fat  and  fully  forty.  Don  Diego  leaves 
Leonora  under  her  charge,  but  Leander 
Boon  finds  that  a  little  flattery  and  a  few 
gold  pieces  will  put  the  dragon  to  sleep, 
and  leave  him  free  of  the  garden  of  his 
Ilesperidcs. — I.  Bickerstaff,  Tlte  Padlock 
(1708). 

Ursula  (Sister),  a  disguise  assumed  at 
St.  Bride's  by  the  lady  Margaret  dc  Ilaut- 
lieu.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dangerous 
(time,  Henry  I.). 

Ur'sula  (Saint),  daughter  of  Dianotus 
Ring  of  Cornwall  ( brother  and  successor 
of  Caradoc  king  of  Cornwall).  She  was 
asked  in  marriage  by  Conan  [Meriadoe] 
of  America  or  Little  Britain.  Going  to 
France  with  her  maidens,  the  princess 
was  driven  by  adverse  winds  to  Cologne, 
where  she  anil  "her  11,000  virgins  "  were 
martyred  l>y  the  Huns  and  l'icts  (Octo- 
ber 21,  287).  Visitors  to  Cologne  are 
Btill  shown  piles  of  skulls  and  bones 
heaped  in  the  wall,  faced  with  glass, 
which  the  verger  asserts  to  be  the  relics 
of  the  martyred  virgins;  but,  like  [phis, 
they  must  have  chanced  their  sex  since 
death,  for  most  undoubtedly  many  of  the 
bones  are  those  of  men  and  boys. — See 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  v.  15,  16. 

A  calendar  in  the  r'reisingen  Codex 
noticee  them  as  "  S3.  XI.  M.  VI B- 
GLNUM,"  i.e.  "eleven  holy  virgin  mar- 


tyrs ; "  but,  by  making  the  "M"  intc 
a  Roman  figure  equal  1000,  we  hav« 
XIM  =  11,000;  Boiiic  =  300. 

Ursula  is  the  Swabian  ursul  or  hSrsel 
("the  moon"),  and,  if  this  solution  i» 
accepted,  then  the  "virgins  who  bore  her 
company  "  are  the  stars.  Ursul  is  the 
Scandinavian  Ilulda. 

Those  who  assert  the  legend  to  be 
based  on  a  fact,  have  supplied  the  follow- 
ing names  as  the  most  noted  of  the 
virgins,  and,  as  there  are  but  eleven 
given,  it  favours  the  Freisingen  Codex : 
— (1)  Ursula,  (2)  Sencia  or  Sentia,  (3) 
Gregoria,  (4)  Pinnosa,  (5)  Martha,  (6) 
Saula,  (7)  Brittola,  (8)  Saturnina,  (9) 
Rabacia,  Sabatia,  or  Satnbatia,  (10)  Sa- 
turia  or  Saturnia,  and  (11)  Palladia. 

In  1837  was  celebrated  with  great 
splendour  the  sixteenth  centenary  "ju- 
bilee of  their  passion." 

Bright  Ursula  the  third,  who  undertook  to  guide 

The  eleven  thousand  maids  to  Utile  Britain  sent. 

By  sou  and  Moody  men  devoured  as  they  went: 

of  which  we  tind  these  four  have  lieen  for  saints  preferred. 

And  with  their  leader  still  do  live  cncalendcrcd  : 

St.  Agues,  CorUula.  Odillia,  Florence,  which 

Willi  wondrous  sumptuous  shrines  those  ages  did  enrich. 

At  CuUeu. 

Drayton.  rolyoMon,  xxir.  (16£IV 

Use  of  Pests.  David  once  said  he 
could  not  imagine  why  a  wise  deity 
should  have  created  such  things  as  spiders, 
idiots,  and  mosi|uito6  ;  but  his  life  showed 
they  were  all  useful  to  him  at  any  rate. 
Thus,  when  he  fled  from  Saul,  a  spider 
spun  its  web  at  the  mouth  of  the  cave, 
and  Saul,  feeling  assured  that  the  fugi- 
tive could  not  have  entered  the  cave 
without  breaking  the  web,  passed  on 
without  further  search.  Again,  when  he 
was  taken  captive  before  the  king  of 
Gath,  he  feigned  idiocy,  and  the  king 
dismissed  him,  for  he  could  not  believe 
such  a  driveller  could  be  the  great 
champion  who  had  slain  Goliath.  Once 
more,  when  he  entered  into  the  tent  of 
Saul,  as  he  was  crawling  along,  Abner, 
in  his  sleep,  tossed  his  legs  over  him. 
David  could  not  stir,  but  a  mosquito 
happened  to  bite  the  leg  of  the  sleeper, 
and,  Abner  shifting  it,  enabled  David 
to  effect  his  escape. —  The  Talmud.  (See 
Virgil's  Gnat,  p.  1071.) 

Used  Up,  an  English  version  of 
L'Hi  Btme  Mast,  of  Felix  Auguste  Dn- 
ve-rt,  in  conjunction  with  Auguste  Theo- 
dore de  Lauzanne.  Charles  Mathers 
made  this  dramatic  tri tie  popular  in 
England. — Boucicault,    Used    Up  (1845). 

Useless  Parliament  (The),  the 
first    parli— flit    held    in    the   rci^n  ot 


USNACH. 


1055 


VAFHINO. 


Charles  I.  (June  18,  1625).  It  was  ad- 
journed to  Oxford  in  August,  and  dis- 
solved twelve  days  afterwards. 

Usiiach  or  Usna.  Conor  king  of 
Ulster  put  to  death  by  treachery  the 
three  sons  of  Usnach.  This  led  to  the 
desolating  war  against  Ulster,  which 
terminated  in  the  total  destruction  of 
Enian.  This  is  one  of  the  three  tragic 
stories  of  the  ancient  Irish.  The  other  two 
are  The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Touran, 
and  The  Death  of  the  Children  of  Lir. 

Avenging  and  bright  falls  the  swift  sword  of  Erin 

On  him  who  the  brave  sons  of  Usna  betrayed  1  .  .  . 
B)  the  red  cloud  that  hung  over  Conor's  dark  dwelling 

When  Uiad's  three  champions  lay  sleeping  in  gore  .  .  . 
We  swear  to  avenge  them. 

T.  Moore,  Irish  Melodiet,  iv.  ("Avenging 
and  Bright  ..."  1814). 

TJta,  queen  of  Burgundy,  mother  of 
Kriemhild  and  Giinther. —  The  Nibelun- 
gen  Lied  (twelfth  century). 

TJtlia,  the  "  white-bosomed  daughter 
of  Herman."  She  dwelt  "by  Thano's 
stream,"  and  was  beloved  by  Frothal. 
When  Fingal  was  about  to  slay  Frothal, 
she  interposed  and  saved  his  life. — Ossian, 
Carrie-  Thura. 

Uthal,  son  of  Larthmor  petty  king  of 
Berrathon  (a  Scandinavian  island).  He 
dethroned  his  father,  and,  being  very 
handsome,  was  beloved  by  Nina-Tho'ma 
(daughter  of  a  neighbouring  prince),  who 
eloped  with  him.  Uthal  proved  incon- 
stant, and,  confining  Nina-Thoma  in  a 
desert  island,  fixed  his  affections  on 
another.  In  the  mean  time,  Ossian  and 
Toscar  arrived  at  Berrathon.  A  fight 
ensued,  in  which  Uthal  was  slain  in 
single  combat,  and  Larthmor  restored  to 
his  throne.  Nina-Thoma  was  also  re- 
leased, but  all  her  ill  treatment  could 
not  lessen  her  deep  love,  and  when  she 
heard  of  the  death  of  Uthal  she  languished 
and  died. — Ossian,  Berrathon. 

Uthal  or  Cuthal,  one  of  the  Orkneys. 
— Ossian,  Oithona. 

"  The  dark  chief  of  Cuthal  "  (the  same 
as  "  Dunrommath  lord  of  Uthal  "). 

TJtlier  or  Utkr,  pendragon  or  war- 
chief  of  the  Britons.  He  married  Igcrna 
widow  of  Gorloi's,  and  was  by  her  the 
father  of  Arthur  and  Anne.  This  Arthur 
was  the  famous  hero  who  instituted  the 
knights  of  the  Bound  Table. — Geoffrey, 
History  of  Britain,  viii.  20  (1142). 

Uthorno,  a  bay  of  Denmark,  into 
which  Fingal  was  driven  by  stress  of 
weather.     It  was  near  the  residence  of 


Starno    king    of    Lochlin    (Denmark).—* 
Ossian,  Cath-Loda,  i. 

Uto'pia,  a  political  romar.^  by  sir 
Thomas  More. 

The  word  means  "nowhere"  (Greek, 
on-topos).  It  is  an  imaginary  island, 
where  everything  i*  perfect — the  laws,  the 
politics,  the  morals,  the  institutions,  etc. 
The  author,  by  contrast,  shows  the  evils 
of  existing  laws.  Curl  vie,  in  his  .Sartor 
Besartus,  has  a  place  called  "  Weissnicht- 
wo"  [  Vicc-ncckt-vo,  "I  know  not  where"]. 
The  Scotch  "  Kennaquhair  "  means  the 
same  thing  (1524). 

Adoain  describes  to  Telemachus  the 
country  of  Betique  (in  Spain)  as  a  Uto- 
pia.— Fe'nelon,  Te'le'maque,  viii. 

Utopia,  the  kingdom  of  Grangonsier. 
"  Parting  from  Me'damoth,  Pantag'ruel 
sailed  with  a  northerly  wind  and  passed 
Me'dam,  Gel'asem,  and  the  Fairy  Isles  ; 
then,  keeping  Uti  to  the  left  and  Uden  to 
the  right,  he  ran  into  the  port  of  Utopia, 
distant  about  34  leagues  from  the  city  of 
the  Amaurots." 

%*  Parting  from  Medamoth  ("frotu 
no  place"),  he  passed  Medam  ("no- 
where"), Gelasem  ("hidden  land"),  etc.  ; 
keeping  to  the  left  Uti  ("nothing  at 
all ")  and  to  the  right  Uden  ("nothing"), 
he  entered  the  port  of  Utopia  ("no 
place"),  distant  3i  leagues  from  Amauros 
("  the  vanishing  point"). — See  Maps  for 
the  Blind,  published  by  Nemo  and  Co., 
of  Weissnichtwo. 

(These  maps  were  engraved  by  Outia 
and  Son,  and  are  very  rare.) 

Uzziel  [Uz'.zccl],  the  next  in  com- 
mand to  Gabriel.  The  word  means  "God's 
strength."  —  Milton,  Faradise  Lost,  iv. 
782  (1665). 


V. 

Vadius,  a  grave  and  heavy  pedant. — 
Moliere,  Lei  Femmea  Sammies  (1072). 

%*  The  model  of  this  characttr  was 
Menage,  an  ecclesiastic  noted  for  his  wit 
and  learning. 

Vafri'no,  Tancred's  'squire,  practised 
in  all  disguises,  and  learned  in  all  the 
Eastern  Languages.    He  was  sent  as  a  spy 


VAINLOVE. 


1056 


VALENTINE  AND  ORSON. 


to  the  Egyptian  camp. — Tasso,  Jerusalem 
Delivered  (1575). 

Vain'love,  a  gay  young  man  about 
town. — Congreve,  Ttie  Old  Bachelor 
(1693). 

Valantia  (Count),  betrothed  to  the 
marchioness  Merlda,  whom  he  "loved  to 
distraction  till  he  found  that  she  doted 
on  him,  and  this  discovery  cloyed  his 
passion."  He  is  light,  inconsiderate,  un- 
principled, and  vain.  For  a  time  he 
intrigues  with  Amantis  "  the  child  of 
Nature,"  but  when  Amantis  marries  the 
marquis  Almanza,  the  count  says  to 
Merida  she  shall  be  his  wife  if  she  will 
promise  not  to  love  him. — Mrs.  Inchbald, 
Child  of  Nature.      (See  Thenot,  p.  U1NJ.) 

Valclu8a,  the  famous  retreat  of 
Petrarch  (father  of  Italian  poetry)  and 
his  mistress  Laura,  a  lady  of  Avignon. 

At  last  tbo>  Muses  rose  .  .  .  from  fair  Valclusa's  bowers. 
Akeiuiicle,  I'leaturei  of  Imagination,  ii.  (1744). 

Valdarno  or  Val  d'Arno,  the  valley 
of  the  Aran,  in  which  Florence  is  situated. 

.  .  .  from  the  to])  of  Feaolo  [in  Tu*cany\ 
Or  in  VaMarno. 

Milton,  ParculUe  lxat.  1.  293,  etc.  (1665). 

Valdes  (2  syl.)  and  Cornelius, 
friends  of  Dr.  Faustus,  who  instruct  him 
in  magic,  and  induce  him  to  sell  his  soul 
that  he  may  have  a  "  spirit"  to  wait  on 
him  for  twentv-four  years. — C.  Marlowe, 
Dr.  Faustus  (1589). 

Valence  (Sir  Aymcr  de),  lieutenant 
of  sir  John  de  Walton  governor  of  Doug- 
las Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle  Dan- 
gerous (time,  Henry  I.). 

Valentia.  The  southern  part  of  Scot- 
land was  so  called  in  compliment  to 
Valens  the  Roman  empcior. 

Valenti'na,  daughter  of  the  conte 
di  San  Uris  governor  of  the  Louvre.  She 
was  betrothed  to  the  conte  di  Nevers,  but 
loved  Raoul  [di  Nangis],  a  huguenot,  by 
whom  she  was  beloved  in  return.  When 
Raoul  was  offered  her  hand  by  the  prin- 
cess Margheri'ta  di  Valois,  the  bride  of 
Henri  le  Bernais  (Henri  IV.),  he  rejected 
it,  out  of  jealousy ;  and  Valentina,  out 
of  pique,  married  Nevers.  In  the  Bar- 
tholomew slaughter  which  ensued,  Nevers 
fell,  and  Valentina  married  her  first  love 
Raoul,  but  both  were  shot  by  a  party  of 
musketeers  under  the  command  of  her 
father  the  conte  di  San  Bris. — Meyerbeer, 
Les  Huguenots  (1836). 

Valentine,  one  of  the  "  two  gentle- 
men of  Verona;"  the  other  "gentleman  " 


was  Protheus.  Their  two  serving-men 
were  Speed  and  Launce.  Valentine  mar- 
ried Silvia  daughter  of  the  duke  of 
Milan,  and  Protheus  married  Julia.  The 
rival  of  Valentine  was  Thurio. — Shake- 
speare, The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona 
(1595). 

Valentine,  a  geatleman  in  attendance 
on  the  duke  of  Illyria. — Shakespeare, 
Twelfth  Night  (1602). 

Val'entine  (3  syl.),  a  gentleman  just 
returned  from  his  travels.  In  love  with 
Cellide  (2  syl.),  but  Cellide  is  in  love 
with  Francisco  (Valentine's  son). — Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  Mons.  Thomas  (a 
comedy,  before  1620). 

Valcn'tinc  (3  syl.),  a  gallant  that  will 
not  be  persuaded  to  keep  his  estate. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Wit  without 
Money  (1639). 

Valentine,  brother  of  Margaret.  Mad- 
dened by  the  seduction  of  his  sister,  he 
attacks  Faust  during  a  serenade,  and  is 
stabbed  by  Mephistopheles.  Valentine 
dies  reproaching  his  sister  Margaret. — 
Goethe,  Faust  (1798). 

Valentina  [Legend],  eldest  son  of  sir 
Sampson  Legend.  lie  has  a  tendre  for 
Angelica,  an  heiress  whom  he  eventually 
marries.  To  prevent  the  signing  away 
of  his  real  property  for  the  advance  of 
£4000  in  cash  to  clear  his  debts,  he  feigns 
to  be  mad  for  a  time.  Angelica  gets  the 
bond,  and  tears  it  before  it  is  duly  signed. 
— Congreve,  Love  for  Love  (1695). 

***  This  was  Betterton's  great  part. 

Valentine  (Saint),  a  Romish  priest,  who 
befriended  the  martyrs  in  the  persecution 
of  Claudius  II. ,  and  was  in  consequence 
arrested,  beaten  with  clubs,  and  finally 
beheaded  (February  14,  270).  Pope 
Julius  built  a  church  in  his  honour,  near 
PontC  Mole,  which  gave  its  name  to  the 
gate  Porta  St.  Valcntini,  now  called 
"Porta  del  Popolo,"  and  by  the  ancient 
Romans  "  Porta  Flaminia." 

%*  The  15th  February  was  the  festi- 
val of  Februta  Juno  (Juno  the  fructifyer), 
and  the  Roman  Catholic  clergy  substi- 
tuted St.  Valentine  for  the  heathen  god- 
dess. 

Valentine  and  Orson,  twin  sons 
of  Bellisant  and  Alexander  (emperor  of 
Constantinople).  They  were  born  in  a 
forest  near  Orleans.  While  the  mother 
was  gone  to  hunt  for  Orson,  who  had 
been  carried  off  by  a  bear,  Valentine  wiui 


VALENTINE  DE  GREY. 


1057 


YALIANT-FOR-TRUTH. 


carried  off  by  king  Pepin  (his  uncle).    In 
due  time,  Valentine  married  Clerimond, 

the  Green  Knight's  sister. —  Valentine  and 
Orson  (lifteenlh  century). 

Valentine  do  Grey  (Sir),  an  Eng- 
lishman and  knight  of  France.  He  had 
"an  ample  span  of  forehead,  full  and 
lic|nid  eyes,  free  nostrils,  crimson  lips, 
well-bearded  chin,  and  yet  his  wishes 
were  innocent  as  thought  of  babes."  Sir 
Valentine  loved  Hero,  niece  of  sir 
William  Sutton,  and  in  the  end  married 
her.—  -S.  Knowles,  Hw/w/i's  Wit,  etc. 
(1838). 

Valentin'ian  [III.],  emperor  of 
Rome  (419,  425—455).  Daring  his  reign, 
the  empire  was  exposed  to  the  invasions 
of  the  barbarians,  and  was  saved  from 
ruin  only  by  the  military  talents  of 
Ae't'ius,  whom  the  faithless  emperor 
murdered.  In  the  year  following,  Valen- 
•inian  was  himself  "poisoned"  by 
[Petronius]  Maximus,  whose  wife  he 
nad  violated,  lie  was  a  feeble  and  con- 
temptible prince,  without  even  the  merit 
of  brute  courage.  His  wife's  name  was 
Eudoxia. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  1  'alcn- 
tinian  (1017). 

Valenti'no,  Margheri'ta's  brother,  in 
the  opera  of  Faust  c  JJarjhcrita,  by 
Gounod  (1859). 

Valere  (2  si/l.),  son  of  Anselmc  (2 
syl.)  who  turns  out  to  be  don  Thomas 
d'Alburci,  a  nobleman  of  Naples.  During 
an  insurrection,  the  family  was  exiled 
and  suffered  shipwreck.  Valere,  being  at 
the  time  only  seven  years  old,  was  picked 
up  by  a  Spanish  captain,  who  adopted 
him,  and  with  whom  he  lived  for  sixteen 
years,  when  he  went  to  Paris  and  fell  in 
love  with  Klise  the  daughter  of  Har'- 
pagon  the  miser.  Here  also  Anselme, 
after  wandering  about  the  world  for  ten 
years,  had  settled  down,  and  Harpagon 
wished  him  to  marry  Elisc;  but  the  truth 
being  made  clear  to  him  that  Valere  was 
his  own  son,  and  Elisc  in  love  with  him, 
matters  were  soon  adjusted. — Moliere, 
L'Avare  (1GG7). 

Valere  (2  syl.),  the  "  gamester." 
Angelica  gives  him  a  picture,  and  enjoins 
him  not  to  lose  it  on  pain  of  forfeiting 
her  hand.  He  loses  the  picture  in  play, 
and  Angiliea,  in  disguise,  is  the  Winner 
of  it.  After  a  time,  Yalere  is  cured  of 
his  vice  and  happily  united  to  Angelic*. 
—Mrs.  Centiivre,  The  Gamester  ( 1 7 ( » ; > ) . 

Vale'ria,  sister  of  Valerius,  and  friend 
46 


of  II'>rutia. — Whitehead,  Tlie  Human 
Father  (1741). 

Vale'ria)  a  blue-stocking,  who  delights 
in  vivisection,  entomology,  women's 
rights,  and  natural  philosophy. — Mrs. 
Centiivre,  The  Basset  Table  (17UG). 

Vale'rian  (valeri,  "to  be  hale"),  a 
plant  of  which  cats  are  especiall; 
It  is  good  in  nervous  complaints,  and  a 
sovereign  remedy  for  cramps.  "  k  hath 
beene  had  in  such  veneration  that  no 
brothes,  pottage,  or  physical!  meat 
woorth  anything  if  this  be  not  at  one 
end."     (See  Valikiax.) 

Valerian  then  he  crops,  ami  purposely  doth  stamp, 
To  apply  unto  the  place  tti.it  'a  haled  with  tin- 

lira)  tun,  PUgaMon,  li'i.  U613). 

Vale'rio,  a  noble  young  Neapolitan 
lord,  husband  of  Evanth§  (3  syl.).  This 
chaste  young  wife  was  parted  from  her 
husband  by  Frederick,  the  licentious 
brother  of  Alphonso  king  of  Naples,  who 
tried  in  vain  to  seduce  her,  and  then 
offered  to  make  her  any  one's  wife  for  a 
month,  at  the  end  of  which  time  the 
libertine  should  sulTer  death.  No  one 
would  accept  the  offer,  and  ultimately 
the  lady  was  restored  to  her  husband. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  A  Wife  fur  a 
Month  (1(524). 

Valerius,  the  hero  and  title  of  a 
novel  by  J.  G.  Lockhart  (1821).  Vale- 
rius is  the  son  of  a  Roman  commander 
settled  in  Britain.  After  the  death  of  his 
father,  he  is  summoned  to  Home,  to  take 
possession  of  an  estate  to  which  he  is  the 
heir.  At  the  villa  of  Capfto  he  meets 
with  Athansdia,  a  lady  who  unites  the 
Roman  grace  with  the  elevation  of  the 
Christian.    Valerius  becomes  a  Christian 

also,    and    brings    Athanasia    to    Britain. 

The  display  at  the  Flavian  amphitheatre 
is  admirably  described.  A  Christian 
prisoner  is  brought  forward,  either  to  re- 
nounce his  faith  or  die  in  trie  arena;  of 
course,  the  latter  is  his  lot. 

This  is  one  of  the  best  Roman  stories 
in  the  language. 

1'd/cVit/s,  the  brother  of  Valeria.  Ho 
was  in  love  with  Horatia,  but  Boratia 
was  betrothed  to  Cains  ( 'uriatius. — 'White- 
head, The  Soman  Father  (1741). 

Valiant  {The),  Jean  IV.  of  Brittany 
(1888,  L864  -1399). 

Vuliant-ibr-Truth,  a  brave  Chris- 
tian, whofoughl  three  foes  at  once.  His 
sword  was  "  a  right  Jerusalem  blade,"  so 
he    prevailed,    but   was    wounded    in  the 

3  Y 


VALIRIAN. 


1058 


VANBEEST  BROWS. 


encounter.  lie  joined  Christiana's  party 
in  their  journey  to  the  Celestial  City. — 
Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  ii.  (1684). 

Valirian,  husband  of  St.  Cecilia. 
Cecilia  told  him  she  was  beloved  by  an 
angel,  who  constantly  visited  her ;  and 
Valirian  requested  to  see  this  visitant. 
Cecilia  replied  that  he  should  do  so,  if 
he  went  to  pope  Urban  to  be  baptized. 
This  he  did,  and  on  returning  home  the 
angel  gave  him  a  crown  of  lilies,  and  to 
Cecilia  a  crown  of  roses,  both  from 
the  garden  of  paradise.  Valirian,  being 
brought  before  the  prefect  Almachius  for 
heresy,  was  executed. — Chaucer,  Canter- 
bury Tales  ("The  Second  Nun's  Tale," 
1388).    (See  Valerian.) 

Val'ladolid'  (The  doctor  of),  San- 
grado,  who  applied  depletion  for  every 
disease,  and  thought  the  best  diet  con- 
sisted of  roast  apples  and  warm  water. 

I  condemned  a  variety  of  dishes,  find  arguing  like  the 
doctor  of  Valladolld.  "  Unhappy  are  those  who  require 
to  be  alway-  on  the  watch,  fur  rear  "f  overloading  their 
stomachs  1 " — Lesage,  Oil  Blot,  vii.  5  (173.r>). 

Valley  of  Humiliation,  the 
place  where  Christian  encountered  Apoll- 
yon  and  put  him  to  flight. — Bunyan, 
Pilgrim's  Progress,  i.  (HITS). 

Valley  of  Waters  {The),  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

The  valley  of  waters,  widest  next  to  that 
Which  doth  the  earth  engarlnnd,  shapes  Its  course 
lictwoeii  discordant  shores  [ Swrope  (inU  A/rici]. 
Dante,  ParatUtt,  ix.  (1311). 

Valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death, 
a  "  wilderness,  a  land  of  deserts  and  of 
pits,  a  land  of  drought,  and  of  the 
shadow  of  death"  (Jcr.  n.  6).  "The 
light  there  is  darkness,  ana  the  way  full 
of  traps  ...  to  catch  the  unwary." 
Christian  had  to  pass  through  it  after  his 
encounter  with  Apollyon. — Bunyan,  Pil- 
grim's Progress,  i.  (1678). 

Though  I  walk  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of 
death.  I  will  fear  no  evil :  for  Thou  art  with  me  ;  Thy  rod 
and  Thy  staff  they  comfort  me.  — I'talm  xxiil.  4. 

Valunder,  the  Vulcan  of  Scandi- 
navian mythology,  noted  for  a  golden 
arm-ring,  on  which  was  wrought  all  the 
heathen  deities  with  their  attributes.  It 
was  once  stolen  by  Sotc,  but  being  re- 
covered by  Thorsten,  became  an  heir- 
loom, and  of  course  descended  to  Frithjof 
as  one  of  his  three  inheritances,  the  other 
two  being  the  sword  Angurva'dcl  and 
the  self-acting  ship  Ellida. — Tegndr, 
frithjof  Saga,  ili.  (1825). 

Farewell,  ami  take  in  memory  of  our  lore 
My  arm-ring  here,  Valunder's  beauteous  work, 
With  heavenly  wonders  graven  on  the  gold. 


Valver'de  (3  syl.),  a  Spaniard,  in  1ot« 
with  Elvi'ra.  He  is  the  secretary  of 
Pizarro,  and  preserves  at  the  end  the  life 
of  Elvira. — Sheridan,  Pizarro  (altered 
from  Kotzebue,  1799). 

Va'men,  a  dwarf,  who  asked  Baly, 
the  giant  monarch  of  India,  to  permit 
him  to  measure  out  three  paces  to  build 
a  hut  upon.  The  kind  monarch  smiled 
at  the  request,  and  bade  the  dwarf  mea- 
sure out  what  he  required.  The  first  pace 
compassed  the  whole  earth,  the  second 
the  whole  heavens,  and  the  third  all 
pandalon  or  hell.  Baly  now  saw  that  the 
dwarf  was  no  other  than  Vishnu,  and  he 
adored  the  present  deity. — Hindu  Mytho- 
logy. 

%*  There  is  a  Basque  tale  the  exact 
counterpart  of  this. 

Vamp,  bookseller  and  publisher. 
His  opinion  of  books  was  that  the  get-up 
and  binding  were  of  more  value  than  the 
matter.  "  Books  are  like  women ;  to 
strike,  they  must  be  well  dressed.  Fine 
feathers  make  fine  birds.  A  good  paper, 
an  elegant  type,  a  handsome  motto,  and 
a  catching  title,  have  driven  many  a  dull 
treatise  through  three  editions." — Foo*e, 
The  Author  (1757). 

Van  {The  Sjiirit  of  the),  the  fairy 
spirit  of  the  Van  Pools,  in  Carmarthen. 
She  married  a  young  Welsh  farmer,  but 
told  him  that  if  he  struck  her  thrice,  she 
would  quit  him  for  ever.  They  went  to 
a  christening,  and  she  burst  into  tears, 
whereupon  her  husband  struck  her  as  a 
mar-joy;  but  she  said,  "I  weep  to  see 
a  child  brought  into  this  vale  of  tears." 
They  next  went  to  the  child's  funeral, 
and  she  laughed,  whereupon  her  husband 
struck  her  again  ;  but  she  said,  "  I  truly 
laugh  to  think  what  a  joy  it  is  to  change 
this  vale  of  tears  for  that  better  land, 
where  there  is  no  more  sorrow,  but  plea- 
sures for  evermore."  Their  next  visit 
was  to  a  wedding,  where  the  bride  was 
young  and  the  man  old,  and  she  said 
aloud,  "  It  is  the  devil's  compact.  The 
bride  has  sold  herself  for  gold."  The 
farmer  again  struck  her,  and  bade  her 
hold  her  peace  ;  but  she  vanished  away, 
and  never  again  returned. —  Welsh  My- 
thology. 

Van  Tromp.  The  van  preceding 
this  proper  name  is  a  blunder. 

"  Van  "  liefore  Tromp  ...  Is  »  gross  mistake.  .  .  .  aa 
ludicrous  as  ram  Cromwell  or  run  Monk. — Jfot**  and 
{turrit*.  November  17,  1877. 

Vanboest  Brown  (Captain),  alia* 
Dawson,  alias  Dudley,  alias  llarrv  Bex- 


VANBERG. 


1059 


VAXTOM. 


tram,  son  of  Mr.  Godfrey  Bertram  laird 
of  Ellangowan. 

Vanbeest  Brown,  lieutenant  of  Dirk 
Ilatteraick. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Guy  Manner- 
ing  (time,  George  II.). 

Vanberg  (Major),  in  Charles  XII., 
by  J.  B.  Blanche  (1826). 

Vanda,  wife  of  Baldric.  She  is  the 
spirit  with  the  red  hand,  who  appears  in 
the  haunted  chamber  to  the  lady  Eveline 
Berenger  "  the  betrothed." — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Van'dunke  (2  syl.),  burgomaster  of 
Bruges,  a  drunken  merchant,  friendly  to 
Gerrard  king  of  the  beggars,  and  falsely 
considered  to  be  the  father  of  Bertha. 
His  wife's  name  is  Margaret.  (Bertha  is 
in  reality  the  daughter  of  the  duke  of 
Brabant.) — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Beggars*  Bush  (1622). 

Vandyck  (The  English),  William 
Dobson,  painter  (1G10-KJ47). 

Vandyck  in  Little,  Samuel 
Cooper.  In  his  epitaph  in  old  St.  Pan- 
eras  Church,  he  is  called  "the  Apelles  of 
his  age"  (1609-1672). 

Vandyck  of  France,  Hyacinth 
Rigaud  y  Kos  (1659-17-13). 

Vandyck  of  Sculpture,  Antoine 
Coysevox  (1640-1720). 

Vanessa,  Miss  Esther  Vanhomrigh, 
%  young  lady  who  proposed  marriage  to 
dean  Swift.  The  dean  declined  the  pro- 
posal in  a  poetical  triiie  called  Cadenus 
and  Vanessa. 

Essa,  i.e.  Esther,  and  Van,  the  pet  form 
of  Vanhomrigh  ;  hence  Van-essa. 

Vanity,  the  usher  of  queen  LucifSra. 
— Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i.  4  (1590). 

Vaniiy,  a,  town  through  which  Chris- 
tian and  Faithful  had  to  pass  on  their 
wa)-  to  the  Celestial  City. 

Alu.ost  five  thousand  years  n^'one,  thero  wero  pilgrims 
Walking    to    the    Celestial    City.   .    .    .    anil    Bel  l/.flmli, 

ApoUybn,  and  Legion  .  .  .  peroeiTed,  by  the  path  that 
the  pilgrims  made,  that  their  way  to  the  city  lay  through 
this  town  of  Vanity.— Bunyan,  PUgrim't  Progress,  L  (1678). 

Vanity  Fair,  a  fair  established  by 
Beelzebub,  Apollyon,  and  Legion,  for  the 
sale  of  earthly  "  vanities,"  creature 
comforts,  honours, decorations,  and  carnal 
delights.  It  was  held  in  Vanity  town, 
and  lasted  all  the  year  round.  Christian 
and  Faithful  had  to  pass  through  the  fair, 
which  they  denounced,  and  were  con- 
sequently arrested,  beaten,  and  put  into 
a  cage.  Next  day,  being  taken  before 
justice    Hate-good,    Faithful    was    con- 


demned to  be  burnt  alive. — Bunyan,  PU~ 
grim' 8  Progress,  i.  (1078). 

%*  A  looking-glass  is  called  Vanity 
Fair. 

Vanity  Fair  is  the  name  of  a  periodical 
noted  for  its  caricatures  signed  "Ape," 
and  set  on  foot  by  signor  Pellegrini. 

Vanity  Fair,  a  novel  by  W.  M.  Thacke- 
ray (1848).     Becky  (Rein a) Sharp,  the 

daughter  of  apoorpainter,  dashing,  Belfish, 
unprincipled,  and  very  clever,  contrives 
to  marry  Rawdon  Crawley,  afterwardi 
his  excellency  colonel  Crawley,  C.B., 
governor  of  Coventry  Island.  Raw. inn 
expected  to  have  a  large  fortune  left  him 
by  his  aunt,  Miss  Crawley,  but  was  dis- 
inherited on  account  of  his  marriage  with 
Becky,  then  a  poor  governess.  Becky  con- 
trives to  live  in  splendour  on  "nothing a 
year,"  gets  introduced  at  court,  and  is 
patronized  by  lord  Steyne  earl  of  (Jaunt; 
but  this  intimacy  giving  birth  to  a  great 
scandal,  Becky  breaks  op  her  establish- 
ment, and  is  reduced  to  the  lowest 
Bohemian  life.  Afterwards  she  becomes 
the  "female  companion"  of  Joseph 
Sedley,  a  wealthy  "collector,"  of  Bog- 
gley  Wollah,  in  India.  Having  in- 
sured his  life  and  lost  his  money,  he 
dies  suddenly  under  very  suspicious  cir- 
cumstances, and  Becky  lives  for  a  tiiny 
in  splendour  on  the  Continent.  Subse- 
quently she  retires  to  Bath.,  where  she 
assumes  the  character  of  a  pious,  charit- 
able lady  Bountiful,  given  to  all  good 
works.  The  other  part  of  the  story  is 
connected  with  Amelia  Sedley,  daughter 
of  a  wealthy  London  stock-broker,  who 
fails,  and  is  reduced  to  indigence.  Cap- 
tain George  Osborne,  the  son  of  a  London 
merchant,  marries  Amelia,  and  old  Os- 
borne disinherits  him.  The  young  people 
live  for  a  time  together,  when  George  is 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  Amelia 
is  reduced  to  great  poverty,  but  is  be- 
friended by  captain  Dobbin,  who  loves 
her  to  idolatry,  and  after  many  years  of 
patience  and  great  devotion,  she  consents 
to  marry  him.  Becky  Sharp  rises  from 
nothing  to  splendour,  and  then  falls; 
Amelia  falls  from  wealth  to  indigence, 
and  then  rises. 

Vanoc,   son    of   Merlin,    one    of  the 
knights  of  the  Bound  Table. 
Young  Vanoc  of  the  beardleai  face 
(Fame  spoke  Una  youth  of  Merlin's  race), 
O'erpowered,  at  Qrneth'i  footstool  bled, 
lli~  heart's  blood  dyed  Iht  amndata  red 
Sir  W.  Scolt,  /!rid,Ll  of  Trirrm.iin,  ii.  -J8  (lSUW. 

Vantom  (.1/'-.).  Sir  John  Sinclai» 
tells  us  that  Mr.  Vanuom  drank  in  tweDty 


VANWELT. 


1060 


VATIIEK. 


three  years,  36,688  bottles  (we.  59  pipes) 
of  wiDe. — Code  of  Health  and  Longevity 
(1807). 
*#*  Between  four  and  five  bottles  a  day. 

Van  welt  (fan),  the  supposed  suitor 
of  Rose  Flammock. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Vapians  ( The),  a  people  from  Utopia, 
who  passed  the  equinoctial  of  Queubus, 
"a  torrid  zone  lying  somewhere  beyond 
three  o'clock  in  the  morning." 

In  oooth,  thou  wast  in  very  gracious  fooling  last  night. 
When  thou  spokest  ...  of  the  Varans  puling  the 
equinoctial  of  Queubus. — Shakespeare,  Ttctl/th  Sight, 
act  ii.  sc.  3  (1602). 

Vapid,  the  chief  character  in  TJie 
Dramatist,  by  F.  Reynolds,  and  said  to 
be  meant  for  the  author  himself.  He 
goes  to  Bath  "to  pick  up  characters." 

Varbel,  "  the  lowly  but  faithful 
'squire"  of  Floreski  a  Polish  count.  He 
is  a  quaint  fellow,  always  hungry. — J.  P. 
Kcniblc,  Lodoisha  (17!U). 

Varden  {Gabriel),  locksmith,  Clerk- 
enwell  ;  a  round,  red-faced,  sturdy 
yeoman,  with  a  double  chin,  and  a  voice 
husky  with  good  living,  good  sleeping, 
good  humour,  and  good  health.  He  was 
past  the  prime  of  life,  but  his  heart  and 
spirits  were  in  full  vigour.  During  the 
Gordon  riots,  Gabriel  refused  to  pick  the 
lock  of  Newgate  prison,  though  at  the  im- 
minent risk  of  his  life. 

Mrs.  Varden  [Martha],  the  lock- 
Bmith's  wife  and  mother  of  Dolly,  a 
woman  of  "uncertain  temper"  and  a  self- 
martyr.  When  too  ill-disposed  to  rise, 
especially  from  that  domestic  sickness 
ill  temper,  Mrs.  Varden  would  order  up 
"  the  little  black  teapot  of  strong  mixed 
tea,  a  couple  of  rounds  of  hot  buttered 
toast,  a  dish  of  beef  and  ham  cut  thin 
without  skin,  and  the  Protestant  Manual 
in  two  octavo  volumes.  Whenever  Mrs. 
Varden  was  most  devout,  she  was  always 
the  most  ill-tempered."  When  others 
were  merry,  Mrs.  Varden  was  dull ;  and 
when  others  were  sad,  Mrs.  Varden  was 
cheerful.  She  was,  however,  plump  and 
buxom,  her  handmaiden  and  "  com- 
forter" being  Miss  Miggs.  Mrs.  Varden 
was  cured  of  her  folly  by  the  Gordon  riots, 
dismissed  Miggs,  and  lived  more  happily 
and  cheerfully  ever  after. 

Dolly  Varden,  the  locksmith's  daugh- 
ter; a  pretty,  laughing  girl,  with  a  roguish 
face,  lighted  up  by  the  loveliest  pair  of 
sparkling  eyes,  the  very  impersonation  of 
good  humour  and  blooming  beaut  v.  She 
married  Joe  Willet,  and  conducted  with 


him  the  Maypole  inn,  as  never  country 
inn  was  conducted  before.  They  greatly 
prospered,  and  had  a  large  and  happy 
family.  Dolly  dressed  in  the  Watteau 
style  ;  and  modern  Watteau  costume  and 
hats  were,  in  1875-6,  called  "  Dolly  Var- 
dens."  —  C.  Dickens,  Barnaby  Rudy* 
(1841). 

Vari'na,  Miss  Jane  Waryng,  to  whom 
dean  Swift  had  a  penchant  when  he  was 
a  young  man.  Varina  is  a  Latinized 
form  of  "Waryng." 

Varney  {Richard,  afterwards  sir 
Richard),  master  of  the  horse  to  the  earl 
of  Leicester. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kcnilworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Varro  ( The  British).  Thomas  Tusser, 
of  Essex,  is  so  called  by  Warton  (1515- 
1580). 

Vasa  (Gustavus),  a  drama,  by  II. 
Brooke  (1730).  Gustavus,  having  effected 
his  escape  from  Denmark,  worked  for  a 
time  as  a  common  labourer  in  the  copper- 
mines  of  Dalecarlia  [Dah'.le.karl'.ya];  but 
the  tyranny  of  Christian  II.  of  Denmark 
having  driven  the  Dalecarlians  into  re- 
volt, Gustavus  was  chosen  their  leader. 
The  revolters  made  themselves  masters 
of  Stockholm  ;  Christian  abdicated  ;  and 
Sweden  became  an  independent  kingdom 
(sixteenth  century). 

Vashti.  When  the  heart  of  the  king 
[Ahasuerus]  was  merry  with  wine,  he 
commanded  his  chamberlains  to  bring 
Vashti,  the  queen,  into  the  banquet  hall,  to 
show  the  guests  her  beauty  ;  but  she 
refused  to  obey  the  insulting  order,  and 
the  king,  being  wroth,  divorced  her. — 
Esther  i.  10,  19. 

O  Vashti,  nohlc  Vashti !    Summoned  out. 
She  kept  her  state,  and  left  the  drunken  king 
To  brawl  at  Siiushan  underneath  the  palms. 

Tennyson,  The  Princeu,  iii.  (1830). 

Vatel,  the  cook  who  killed  himself, 
because  the  lobster  for  his  turbot  sauce 
did  not  arrive  in  time  to  be  served  up  at 
the  banquet  at  Chantilly,  given  by  the 
prince  de  Conde"  to  the  king. 

Vath'ek,  the  ninth  caliph  of  the  race 
of  the  Abassides,  son  of  Motassem,  and 
grandson  of  Haroun-al-Raschid.  Whe<i 
angry,  "one  of  his  eyes  became  so 
terrible  that  whoever  looked  at  it  either 
swooned  or  died."  Vathek  was  induced 
by  a  malignant  genius  to  commit  all 
sorts  of  crimes.  He  abjured  his  faith, 
and  bound  himself  to  Eblis,  under  the 
hope  of  obtaining  the  throne  of  the  pre- 
Adamite  sultans.  This  throne  eventually 
turned  out  to  be  a  vast  chamber  in  the 


VATIIEK'S  DRAT  GHT. 


10G1 


VEIIMGEBICIIT. 


abyss  of  Eblis,  where  Yathck  found  him- 
self a  prisoner  without  hope.  His  wife 
was  Nouron'ihar,  daughter  of  the  emir 
Fakreddin,  and  his  mother's  name  was 
Catharis.— W.  Beckford,   Yatliek  (1784). 

Vathek's  Draught,  a  red-and- 
yellow  mixture  given  mm  by  an  emissary 
of  EbliSj  which  instantaneously  restored 
the  exhausted  body,  and  filled  it  with 
unspeakable  delight.  —  W.  Beckford, 
Vathek  (1784). 

Vato,  the  wind -spirit. 

Kveu  Zoroaster  Imagined  there  was  an  evil  spirit,  called 
Vato,  that  could  excite  violent  storms  of  wind. — T.  How 
[i.e.  Dr.  Pegge}  Gmtlemarii  Mugathu,  January,  17t>3. 

Vaudeville  {Father  of  the),  Oliver 
Basselin  (fifteenth  century). 

Vaughan,  the  bogie  of  Bromyard, 
exorcised  by  nine  priests.  Nine  candles 
were  lighted  in  the  ceremony,  and  all  but 
one  burnt  out.  The  priests  consigned 
Nicholas  Vaughan  to  the  Red  Sea  ;  and, 
casting  the  remaining  candle  into  the 
river  Frome,  threw  a  huge  stone  over 
it,  and  forbade  the  bogie  to  leave  the 
Bed  Sea  till  that  candle  re-appeared  to 
human  sight.  The  stone  is  still  called 
"  Vaughan's  Stone." 

Vaugirard  (The  deputies  of).  The 
usher  announced  to  Charles  VIII.  of 
France,  "  The  deputies  of  Vaugirard." 
"How  many  V"  asked  the  king.  "Only 
one,  may  it  please  your  highness." 

Canning  says  that  three  tailors  of 
Tooley  Street,  Southwark,  addressed  a 
petition  of  grievances  to  the  House,  be- 
ginning, "  We,  the  people  of  England." 

Vauxhall.  The  premises  in  the 
manor  of  Vauxhall  were  the  property  of 
Jane  Vaux  in  1615,  and  the  house  was 
then  called  "  Stockdens."  From  her  it 
passed  through  various  hands,  till  it  be- 
came the  property  of  Mr.  Tvers  in  1752. 
"The  Spring  Gardens  at  Vauxhall  "  are 
mentioned  in  the  Spectator  as  a  place  of 
great  resort  in  1711  ;  but  it  is  generally 
thought  that  what  we  call  "Vauxhall 
Gardens"  were  opened  for  public  amuse- 
ment in  1730. 

The  tradition  that  Vauxhall  was  the  property  of  Our 
Vawkes (bence tbe  nameoJ  "FauxesbaU  ')  i>  crroneoua, 
— Lord  W.  P.  Lennox,  CeUbritlct,  •re.  I.  111. 

Vauxhall  Slice  (A),  a  slice  of  meat, 
especially  ham,  as  thin  as  it  is  possible  to 
cut  it. 

Slices  of  pale-coloured,  stale,  dry  ham.  cut  so  thin  that 
a  "  Vauxhall  slice"  became  provexliial. — Lord  W.  P. 
Lennox,  Celebrities,  etc..  I.  vii. 

V.  D.  M.  I.  IE.,  Verbttm  Dei  manet 
in  atemum  ("  the  Word  of  God  endureth 


forever").  This  was  the  inscription  of 
the  Lutheran  bishops  in  the  diet  of 
Spire-'.  Philip  of  Besses  said  the  initials 
stood  for  Verbwm  diaboii  mam  I 

("  the  word  of  the  devil  abideth  in  the 
[Lutheran]  bishops  "). 

Veal  (Jfrs.),  an  imaginary  person, 
whom  Defoe  feigned  to  have  appeared, 
the  day  after  her  death,  to  Mrs.  liar^rave 
of  Canterbury,  on  September  8,  L705. 

Defoe's  conduct  in  regard  to  the  well-known  Imposture, 
Mrs.  Veals  ghost,  would  justify  us  in  believiij«  him  to  lie, 
like  Gil  Bias,  "  taut  aoi  pcu  Iripou."— Enci/c.  lirit..  Art. 
"  Romance." 

Veal's  Apparition  (Mrs.).  It  is 
said  that  Mrs.  Veal,  the  day  after  her 
death,  appeared  to  Mrs.  Bargrave,  at 
Canterbury,  September  8,  170o.  This 
cock-and-lmll  story  was  affixed  by  Daniel 
Defoe  to  Drelincourt's  book  of  Consola- 
tions aijainst  the  Fears  of  Death,  and  such 
is  the  matter-of-fact  style  of  the  narra- 
tive that  most  readers  thought  the  fiction 
was  a  fact. 

Vee'chio  (Peter),  a  teacher  of  music 
and  Latin  ;  reputed  to  be  a  wizard. — 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Chances 
(16-2U). 

Veck  (Tob;/),  nicknamed  "Trotty  ;"  a 
ticket-porter,  who  ran  on  errands.  One 
New  Year's  Eve  he  ate  tripe  for  dinner, 
and  had  a  nightmare,  in  which  he  fancied 
he  had  mounted  up  to  the  steeple  of  a 
neighbouring  church,  and  that  goblins 
issued  out  of  the  bells,  giving  reality  to 
his  hopes  and  fears.  He  was  roused 
from  his  sleep  by  the  sound  of  the  bells 
ringing  in  the  new  year.  (See  Meg.) — 
C.  Dickens,  The  Chimes  (1844). 

Vecta,  Isle  of  Wight.   Pliny  (Natural 

History,  iv.  80)  calls  it  Vehtl8,  The 
Britons  called  it  G 

The  green  hank*  of  Vccta. 
AktiiMile,  Hymn  to  the  Xaiadi  (1767). 

Vegliantino  [Val.yan.tee1. no],  Or- 
lando's horse. — Anosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
(1516).     Also  called  Vcillantif. 

VehmgerichtorTin:  Holy  Vkiimk, 
a  secret  tribunal  of  Westphalia,  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  which  was  in  1  >ortmund.    The 

members  were  called  '•  Free  Judges."    It 

took  cognizance  of  all  crimes  in  the  law- 
less period  of  the  Middle  Ages,  and  tho>e 
condemned  by  the  tribunal  were  made 
away  with  by  some  secret  means,  but 
no  one  knew  by  what,  hand.  Being  dc>- 
patched,  the  dead  body  was  hung  on  a 
tree  to  advertise  the  tact  and  deter  (.titers. 
The  tribunal  existed  at  the  time  of 
Charlemagne,   but  was  at    ta  zenith  of 


VEHMIQUE  TRIBUNAL. 


1062 


VENEERING. 


gjwer  in  the  twelfth  century.     Sir  "W. 
cott  has  introduced   it  in  his  Anne  of 
Oeterstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Was  Rebecca  guilty  or  notT  The  Vehmgericht  of  the 
servants'  hall  pronounced  against  her. — Thackeray, 
Vanity  Fair,  xliv.  (1848). 

Vehraique  Tribunal  {The),  or  the 
Secret  Tribunal,  or  the  court  of  the  Holy 
Vehme,  said  to  have  been  founded  by 
Charlemagne.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of 
Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Veil  of  St.  Agatha,  a  miraculous 
reil  belonging  to  St.  Agatha,  and  de- 
posited in  the  church  of  the  city  of 
Catania,  in  Sicily,  where  the  saint 
Buffered  martyrdom.  "  It  is  a  sure 
defence  against  the  eruptions  of  mount 
Etna."  It  is  very  true  that  the  church 
itself  was  overwhelmed  with  lava  in 
L693,  and  sonic  -JO, 000  of  the  inhabitants 
perished  ;  but  that  was  no  fault  of  the 
veil,  which  would  have  prevented  it  if  it 
could.  Happily,  the  veil  was  recovered, 
and  is  still  believed  in  by  the  people. 

Veilchen  (Annette),  attendant  of 
Anne  of  Geierstein. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne 
of  Oeierstein  (time.  Edward  IV.). 

Veiled  Prophet  of  Khorassan 

(TV),  Hakim  ben  Allah,  surnamed  Mo- 
kanna  or  "The  Veiled,"  founder  of  an 
An'bic  sect  in  the  eighth  century.  He 
wore  a  veil  to  conceal  his  face,  which  had 
t>een  greatly  disfigured  in  battle.  He 
gave  out  that  he  had  been  Adam,  Noah, 
Abraham,  and  Moses.  When  the  sultan 
Mahadi  marched  against  him,  he  poisoned 
all  his  followers  at  a  banquet,  and  then 
threw  himself  in  a  cask  containing  a 
burning  acid,  which  entirely  destroyed 
his  bodv. 

*m*  Thomas  Moore  has  made  this  the 
Kubject  of  a  poetical  tale  in  his  Lalla 
Rookh  ("The  Veiled  Prophet  of  Kho- 
rassan," 1817). 

There,  on  that  throne,  ...  eat  the  prophet-chief, 
Tiit-  great  Mokanna.    O'er  his  features  hung 
The  veil,  the  silver  veil,  which  he  had  flung 
In  mercy  there,  to  hide  from  mortal  sight 
His  dazzling  hruw,  till  man  could  bear  its  light. 
•  ••••• 

"Tis  time  these  features  were  uncurtained  ,n*v\. 
This  brow,  wboee  light— Oh,  ran-  celestial  light! — 

Jlnth  been  leeaived  u>  ble.^  th) favoured  sight  .  .  • 
Turn  now  and  K«ik  ;  then  wonder,  if  thou  wilt. 
That  I  should  hate,  should  take  revenge,  by  guilt, 
LTpun  the  hand  whose  mischief  or  whose  mirth 
Befit  me  thus  maimed  and  monstrous  U|>on  earth  ,  ,  . 
Here — judge  if  hell,  with  all  its  power  to  damn. 
Can  add  .me  curse  to  the  foul  thing  I  am  1  " 

He  railed  the  veil  ;  the  nuvid  turned  slowly  round. 
Looked  at  him,  shrieked,  ami  sunk  upon  the  ground. 
Tlit  Veiled  Prophet  of  Khorauan. 

Veipsey,  an  intermittent  spring  in 
fwkshire,    called  "prophetic"   because, 


when  unusually  high,  it  foretells  a  coming 
dearth. 

Then  my  prophetic  spring  at  Veipsey  I  may  show, 
That  some  years  U  dried  up.  some  years  again  doth  flow ; 
But  when  it  hreaketh  out  with  an  immoderate  birth. 
It  tells  the  following  year  of  a  penurious  dearth. 

Drayton,  Polyolbvm,  xzrili  (1(B3). 

Velasquez,  the  Spanish  governor 
of  Portugal  in  1640,  when  the  people,  led 
by  don  Juan  duke  of  Braganza,  rose  in 
rebellion,  shook  off  the  Spanish  yoke, 
and  established  the  duke  on  the  throne, 
under  the  name  and  title  of  Juan  or  John 
IV.  The  same  dynasty  still  continues. 
Velasquez  was  torn  to  pieces  by  the  mob. 
The  duchess  calls  him  a 

Discerning  villain. 
Subtle,  Insidious,  false,  and  plausible ; 
He  can  with  ease  assume  all  outward  forma  ... 
While  with  the  lynx's  team  he  penetrates 
The  deep  reserve  of  every  other  breast. 

U.  Jephson.  Braganza,  IL  1  (1785). 

Velinspeck,  a  country  manager,  to 
whom  Matthew  Stuffy  makes  amplica- 
tion for  the  post  of  prompter. — Charles 
Mathews,  At  Home  (1818). 

Vellum,  in  Addison's  comedy  The 
Drummer  (1715). 

Velvet  (  The  Rev.  Morphine),  a  popular 
preacher,  who  feeds  his  flock  on  eau 
sucree  and  wild  honey.  He  assures  his 
hearers  that  the  way  to  heaven  might 
once  be  thorny  and  steep,  but  now  "  every 
hill  is  brought  low,  every  valley  is  filled 
up,  the  crooked  ways  are  made  straight, 
and  even  in  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of 
death  they  need  fear  no  evil,  for  One  will 
be  with  them  to  support  and  comfort 
them." 

Venedo'tia,  Wales. 

The  Venedotlan  floods,  that  ancient  Britons  were. 
The  mountains  kept  them  back. 

M.  Drayton.  Poiyolbion,  It.  (1612). 

Veneering  (Mr.),  anew  man,  "forty, 
wavy-haired,  dark,  tending  to  corpulence, 
sly,  mysterious,  filmy  ;  a  kind  of  well- 
looking  veiled  prophet,  not  prophesying." 
He  was  a  drug  merchant  of  the  firm  of 
Chicksey,  Stobbles,  and  Veneering.  The 
two  fi  inner  were  his  quondam  masters, 
but  their  names  had  "become  absorbed 
in  Veneering,  once  their  traveller  or  com- 
mission agent." 

Mrs.  Veneering,  a  new  woman,  "fair, 
aquiline-nosed  and  fingered,  not  so  much 
light  hair  as  she  might  have,  gorgeous  in 
raiment  and  jewels,  enthusiastic,  pro- 
pitiatory, conscious  that  a  corner  of  her 
husband's  veil  is  over  herself." 

Mr.  and  Mr«.  Veneering  were  bran-new  people.  In  a 
■  booaa  in  a  bran-new  quarter  of  London 
Bverjrtbini  about  the  Veneertnai  was  spick  and  span 
new.  All  their  furniture  was  new.  all  their  friends  watl 
new.  all  their  servants  were  new,  Uieir  plate  ana  new, 
their  carriage  was  new,  their  harness  was  new.  Uieir  liorsta 


VENEERING  OF  SOCIETY. 


10G3 


VENUS. 


Were  new,  their  pictures  were  new,  tliey  themselves  were 
new,  they  were  as  newly  married  (is  was  lawfully  com- 
patible with  their  having  a  bran-new  baby. 

In  the  Veneering  establishment    from  the  hall  chairs 
wltli  the  new  cunt  of  .'inns,  to  the  .'rand  pianoforte  with 
the  new  action,  and  upstairs  again  to  the  new  in 
all  things  were  in  a  state  of  high  varnish  and  polish.— 0. 
Dickens,  Our  Mutual  friend,  ii.  (1S64). 

Veneering  of  Society  (T/te), 
flashy,  rich  merchants,  who  delight  to 
overpower  their  guests  with  the  splendour 
of  their  furniture,  the  provisions  of  their 
tables,  and  the  jewels  of  their  wives  and 
daughters. 

Venerable  Bede  (The).  Two 
accounts  are  given  respecting  the  word 
venerable  attached  to  the  name  of  this 
"wise  Saxon."  One  is  this:  When 
blind,  he  preached  once  to  a  heap  of 
stones,  thinking  himself  in  a  church,  and 
the  stones  were  so  affected  by  his  elo- 
quence that  they  exclaimed,  "Amen, 
venerable  Bede ! "  This,  of  course,  is 
based  on  the  verse  Luke  xix.  40. 

The  other  is  that  his  scholars,  wishing 
to  honour  his  name,  wrote  for  epitaph  : 

Hrec  sunt  in  fossa, 
1  '•. .■■  l;e  presbyteri  ossa ; 

but  an  angel  changed  the  second  line  into 
"  Bedre  venerabilis  ossa"  (<>72-735). 

%*  The  chair  in  which  he  sat  is  still 
preserved  at  Jarrow.  Some  years  ago  a 
pailor  used  to  show  it,  and  always  called 
it  the  chair  of  the  "great  admiral  Bede." 

Venerable  Doctor  (27(e),  William 
de  Champeaux  (*-1121). 

Venerable  Initiator  (Tlie),  Wil- 
liam of  Occam  (1276-1347). 

Venery.  Sir  Tristram  was  the  in- 
ventor of  the  laws  and  terms  of  venery. 
Hence  a  book  of  venery  was  called  A 
Book  of  Tristram. 

Of  sir  Tristram  came  all  tho  good  terms  of  venery  and 
of  hunting;  and  the  sizes  and  measures  of  blowing  of  an 
Inirn.  And  of  him  we  had  first  all  the  terms  of  hawking ; 
and  which  were  beasts  "f  chase  and  beasts  of  venery,  ami 
which  were  vermin  ;  and  all  the  blasts  that  belong  to  all 
manner  of  games.  First  to  the  uncoupling,  to  the  seek- 
ing, to  the  rechase,  to  the  Bight,  to  the  death,  and  to  the 
Itrake  :  and  many  other  blasts  and  terms  shall  all  manner 
of  gentlemen  have  cause  to  the  world's  end  to  praise  air 
Tristram,  and  to  pray  for  his  soul. — Sir  T.  Malory,  HUtory 
nf  J'rince  Arthur,  ii.  138  (1470). 

Venice  Glass.  The  drink  ing-glasses 
of  the  Middle  Ages  made  of  Venice  glass 
were  said  to  possess  the  peculiar  property 
of  breaking  into  shivers  if  poison  were 
put  into  them. 

"Tis  said  that  our  Venetian  crystal  has 

Sncli  pure  antipathy  to  poison,  as 

To  burst,  if  aught  of  venom  touches  It 

Byron,  The  Two  Fotcari,  V.  1  (1820). 

Venice  Preserved,  a  tragedy  by 
T.  Otway  (1682).  A  conspiracy  was 
formed  by  Renault  a  Frenchman,  Elliot 


an  Englishman,  Bedamar,  Pierre,  and 
others,  to  murder  the  Vemtian  senate. 
Jaftier  was  induced  by  his  friend  Pierre 
to  j<>in  the  conspirators,  and  gave  his 
wife  as  hostage  of  his  good  faith.  A* 
Renault  most  grossly  insulted  the  lady, 
Jallier  took  her  away,  when  she  per- 
suaded her  husband  to  reveal  the  plot 
to  her  father  Priuli,  under  the  promise,  of 
a  general  amnesty.  The  senate  violated 
the  promise  made  by  I'riuli,  and  com- 
manded all  the  conspirators  exce|  t 
Jaffier  to  be  broken  on  the  wheel.  .lather, 
to  save  his  friend  Pierre  from  the  torture, 
stabbed  him,  and  then  himself.  Bulvi- 
dera  went  mad  and  iied. 

Venice  of  the  East,  Bangkok, 
capital  of  Burmah. 

Venice  of  the  North,  Stockholm 
(Sweden).  Sometimes  Amsterdam  is  so 
called,  from  its  numerous  water-courses 
and  the  opulence  of  its  citizens.  It  has 
290  bridges. 

They  went  to  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  the  Venice  of  the 
North.— The  Dragonadei,  1. 

Venice  of  the  West,  Glasgow. 

Another  element  in  the  blazon  of  the  Venire  of  the 
West  is  a  fish  laid  across  the  stem  of  the  tree. — ISurton. 

(See  Fish  and  the  King,  p.  33(J.) 

Veiltid'ius,  an  Athenian  imprisoned 
for  debt.  Timon  paid  his  debt,  and  set 
him  free.  Not  long  after,  the  father  of 
Ventidius  died,  leaving  a  large  fortune, 
and  the  young  man  offered  to  refund  the 
loan,  but  Timon  declined  to  take  it, 
saying  that  the  money  was  a  free  gift. 
When  Timon  got  into  difficulties,  he  ap- 
plied to  Ventidius  for  aid;  but  Ventidius, 
like  the  rest,  was  "found  base  metal," 
and  "  denied  him." — Shakespeare,  Timon 
of  Athens  (1G09). 

\',ntid'ius,  the  general  of  Marc  An- 
tony. 

%*  The  master  scene  between  Ven- 
tidius and  Antony  in  this  tragedy  is  copied 
from  The  Maid's  Tragedy  (Joy  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher), Ventidius being,the"Melan- 
tius  "  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher's  drama. 
— Dryden,  All  fur  Luvc  or  the  World  Well 

Zost  *(lu7S). 

Venti'iloqnist.  The  best  that  ever 
lived  was  Brabant,  the  engastrimisth  of 
Francois  I.  of  France. 

Venus  (Paintings  of).  Views  Ana- 
DTOm'enQ  or  Venus  rising  from  the  sea 
and  wringing  her  golden  tresses,  by 
Apelles.  Apelles  also  put  his  name  to 
a   "  Sleeping    Venus."      Tradition    says 


VENUS. 


10G4 


VENUSBERG. 


that  Cam  pas  p<*  (afterwards  his  wife)  was 
the  model  of  his  Venus. 

Thk  Rhodian  Vkms,  referred  to  by 
Campbell,  in  his  Pleasure*  of  Hope, 
ii.,  is  the  Venus  spoken  of  by  Pliny, 
xxxv.  10,  from  which  Shakespeare  has 
drawn  his  picture  of  Cleopatra  in  her 
barge  (Anton*/  tind  Cleopatra,  act  ii.  sc. 
2).     The  Rhodian  was  I'rotog'enes. 

Wli.  ii  lirst  tlir  RlwwUmi  mimic  art  arrayed 
Tllu  queen  uf  IVautv  in   lii-r  Cyprian  'li.uii-, 

The  happy  waiter  mingled  in  liia  ploce 
Back  look  tin!  charmed  Mm  in  Iba  lata  of  Grow*  .  .  . 
I.iw  OU  the  l-i'  Inn    BSflfld.     BUWVI  In  l-'urod 
Her  mingling  qplrlt  there,  and  QneCt  ailured. 

rUtuurm  u/iioi*>.  ii.  (1799). 

Venus  (Statues  of).  The  Cmdian 
Vkms,  .a  nude  statue,  bought  by  the 
Cnidians.     By  I'raxiK 

The  Co  an  Venus,  n  draped  statue, 
bought  by  the  Coons.     By  Praxitelfls. 

The  Vi  m  B  di  '  Medici,  a  statue  dug 
np  in  several  pieces  at  Hadrian's  villa, 
near  Tiv'oli  (seventeenth  century),  and 

Iilaced  for  a  time  in  the  Medici  palace  at 
tome,  whence  its  nuine.     It  was  the  \wirk 

of  Cleom'enSs  the  Athenian.  All  one  arm 
and  part  of  the  other  were  restored  by 

liandinolli.  In  1680  this  statue  was 
removed  to  the  lilizi  gallery  at  Florence. 

It  WtLB  removed  U)  Paris  by  Napoleon, 
but  was  afterwards  restored. 

Tin.  VENUS  OF  Amis,  with  a  mirrnr 
in  the  rij^ht  hand  and  an  apple  in  the 
left.  This  statue  is  ancient,  but  the 
mirror  and  apple  are  by  (.irardin. 

Till'.  VEMJ8  OF  Mii.o.  The  "Venus 
Victorious"    is     called     the     "Venus     el 

Milo,"  because  it  was  brought  from  the 

island  of  Milo,  in  the  £geaa  Sea,  by 
admiral  Duniont  d'l'rville  in  1H-J0.  It 
is  one  of  i  he  chef*  iTonmre  of  antiquity, 

and  is  now  in  the  Louvre  of  Paris. 

The  I'm  mm.  Venus,  by  Canova. 
Modelled  from  Pauline  Bonaparte,  prin- 
c,      Dorghese. 

I  went  by  ebanoa  Into  the  room  of  the  Pauline  Venn.  ; 

my  month  will  mate  btttat  nil  Say.    Bow  rental  I  bow 

mild)  in  :  i,  i,,t  glided  uphobter]  !     It  » 

I  hateful  Uilng  that  ever  wasted  marbla.— Oalda. 

ArUiUiu,  L  1. 

THE    Vkms    r.\M.iCM..s,    the    sensual 

ami  vulgar  Venus  (Greek,  j-in-</,' 

the  vulgar  or  populace  generally)  ;    as 

opposed  to  the  "  I'ranian  Venus,"  the 
beau-ideal  of  beauty  ami  lovelin. 

Amongri  thedelUei  from  the uppar chambar  a  mortal 
eame,  the  light,  lewd  woman,  who  bad  band  I 
t..  live  for  rrer  ban  In  marble,  in  counterfeit  of  Uie  Venn 
rends  ,,,./„,.  i   i. 

Gibson's  Venus,  slightly  tinted,  was 
shown  in  the  International  Exhibition  of 
1862, 

IVnus,  the  highest  throw  with  the  four 


tali  or  three  tessera.  The  best  cast  of 
the  tali  (or  four-sided  dice)  was  four 
different  numbers;  but  the  best  cast  of 
the  tessera  (or  ordinary  dice)  was  three 
sixes.  The  worst  throw  was  called  cants 
— three  aces  in  tessera  and  four  aces  ir  , 
tali. 

PI  nus  (The  Isle  of),  a  paradise  created 
by  "  Divine  Love"  for  the  Lusian  heroes. 
Here  Uranian  Venus  gave  Vasco  da  Gama 
the  empire  of  the  sea.  This  isle  is  not 
far  from  the  mountains  of  Imaus,  whence 
the  Ganges  and  Indus  derive  their  source. 
— Camoens,  Lusiad,  ix.  (157"2). 

%*  Similar  descriptions  of  paradise 
are:  "the  gardens  of  Alcinftus"  ("</,>- 
MJ/,  vii.)  ;   "the  island  of  Circ""  (Ody8- 

.  /  ;  Virgil's    "Elysium"    (. 
vi.)  ;   "  the  island  and  palace  of  Alci'na  " 
[Ortamdo  FErtoso,  vi..  vii.);  "the  country 
o(    Logistillan    [Orlando    FErtoso,    x.)  ; 

•'  Paradise,"  visited  by  Astolpho  [OHcmdo 
FuriotO,  xxxiv.)  ;  "  the  island  of  Armi'- 
da  "  (Jerusalem  I>,  Im-red)  ;  "the  bower 
of  Acrasia"  (Fairy  Queen)  ;   "the  palace 

with   its  forty  doors"  (Arabia*  Aijhts, 

"Third  Calender"),  etc. 

FwlSMI  ( L'ra'nian),  the  impersonation 
of  divine  love  ;  the  presiding  deity  of  the 

Lusians.— Camoens,  Lusiad  (157*2). 

Venus  and   Adonis.     Adonis,  a 

most  beautiful  boy,  was  greatly  beloved 
by  Venus  and  1'roserpine.  Jupiter  de- 
cided that  he  should  live  four  months 
with  one  and  four  months  with  the  other 
goddess,  and  the  rest  of  the  year  he  might 
do  what  he  liked.  <  hie  day,  he  was  killed 
by  a  wild  boar  during  a  chase,  and  Venus 

inconsolable  at  the  loss  that  the 

infernal    gods   allowed    the   boy  to   Spend 

six  months  of  the  year  with  Venus  en  the 

earth,  but  the  other  six  he  was  to  spend 
in  hell.  <  »f  course,  this  is  an  allegory  of 
the  sun,  which  is  six  months  above  ami 
six  months  below  the  eijuator. 

*«*     Shakes]. care    has    a    poem    called 
•>i  /  Adonil  i  1688),  in  which  Adonis 
is  made  cold  and   passionless,  but  Venus 
ardent  and  sensual. 

Venus  of  Cleom'enes  M  syl.), 
now  called  the  •'  Venus  de'  Medici"  or 
11  Venus  de  Medicis." 

Venus  of  the  Forest  ( The).    The 

ash  tree  is  so  called  by  (iilpin. 

Venusberg,  the    mountain   of   fatal 

delights.  Here  Tannhluser  tarried,  and 
when   pope  Urban  refused  to  grant  him 

absolution,  he  returned  thither,  to  be 
never  more  Been.— German  i 


VERDONE. 


1065 


VERTAIGNE. 


'  Ver'done  (2  syl.),  nephew  to  Cham- 
pernal  the  husband  of  Lami'ra.— Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  The  Little  French 
Lawyer  (1647). 

Verdugo,  captain  under  the  governor 
of  Segovia.  —  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
The  Pilgrim  (1621). 

Vere  (Mr.  Richard),  laird  of  Ellies- 
law,  a  Jacobite  conspirator. 

Miss  Isabella  Vere,  the  laird's  daughter. 
She  marriea  voung  Patrick  Earnschffe 
laird  of  Earnscliffe.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Black  Dwarf  (time,  Anne). 

Vere  (Sir  Arthur  de),  son  of  the  earl 
of  Oxford.  He  first  appears  under  the 
assumed  name  of  Arthur  Philipson.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstem  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Verges  (2  syl.),  an  old-fashioned 
constable  and  night- watch,  noted  for  his 
blundering  simplicity.  —  Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing  (1600). 

"Vergiv'ian  Sea,  that  part  of  St. 
George's  Channel  where  tides  out  of  the 
north  and  south  seas  meet.  The  Irish  Sea 
is  sometimes  so  called. 

bears  his  boisterous  waves  into  the  narrower  mouth 
Of  the  Vermvian  Sea  ;  where  meetiiiK.  from  the  south, 
Great  Neptune's  surlier  tides,  with  their  robustious  shocks 
Each  other  shoulder  up  against  the  griesly  rocks. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  x.  (1612). 

Vergob'retus,  a  dictator  selected 
by  the  druids,  and  possessed  of  unlimited 
power  both  in  war  and  state  during  times 
of  great  danger. 

This  temporary  king  or  vergobretus  laid  down  his  office 
at  the  end  of  the'war.— Dissertation  on  the  Era  of  Ouian. 

Verisopht  (Lord  Frederick),  weak 
and  Billy,  but  far  less  vicious  than  his 
bear-leader,  sir  Mulberry  Hawk.  He 
drawled  in  his  speech,  and  was  altogether 
»  very  soft."  Ralph  Nicklcby  introduced 
his  niece  Kate  to  the  young  nobleman  at 
a  bachelor's  dinner-party,  hoping  to  make 
of  the  introduction  a  profitable  invest- 
ment, but  Kate  was  far  too  modest  and 
virtuous  to  aid  him  in  his  scheme.— C. 
Dickens,  Nicholas  Nickleby  (1838). 

Vermilion  Sea  (The),  the  gulf  of 
California. 

Vernon  (Diana),  niece  of  sir  Hilde- 
brand  Osbaldistone.  She  has  great 
beauty,  sparkling  talents,  an  excellent 
disposition,  high  birth,  and  is  an  en- 
thusiastic adherent  of  an  exiled  king. 
Diana  Vernon  marries  Frank  Osbaldi- 
■tone.  .  „         ,  „. 

Sir  Frederick  Vernon,  father  of  Diana, 
a  political  intriguer,  called  "his  excel- 


lency the  earl  of  Beauchamp."  He  first 
appears  as  father  Vaughan  [Fa  ten].— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Rob  Log  (time,  George  I.). 

Ver'olame  (3  syl.)  or  Verulam,  "  a 
stately  nymph"  of  Isis.  Seeing  her 
stream  besmeared  with  the  blood  of  St. 
Alban,  she  prayed  that  it  might  be 
diverted  into  another  channel,  and  her 
prayer  was  granted.  The  place  where 
St.  Alban  was  executed  was  at  that  time 
called  Holmhurst.— Robert  of  Gloucester, 
Chronicle  (in  verse),  57  (thirteenth  cen- 
tury). 

***  A  poetical  account  of  this  legend 
is  also  given  by  W.  Browne  in  his  Britan- 
nia's Pastorals,  iv.  (1613). 

Veron'ica,  the  maiden  who  handed 
her  handkerchief  to  Jesus  on  His  way  to 
Calvary.  The  "  Man  of  sorrows  "  wiped 
His  face  with  it,  returned  it  to  the  maiden, 
and  it  ever  after  had  a  perfect  likeness 
of  the  Saviour  photographed  on  it.  The 
handkerchief  and  the  maiden  were  both 
called  Veronica  (i.e.  vera  iconica,  "the  true 

llrvGIlGS8       )• 

*„.*  One  of  these  handkerchiefs  is  pre- 
served in  St.  Peter's  of  Rome,  and  another 
in  Milan  Cathedral. 


Verrina,  the  republican  who  mur- 
ders Fiesco.— Schiller,  Fiesco  (1783). 

Versailles  (The  German),  Cassel  ; 
so  called  from  its  gardens,  conservatories, 
fountains,  and  colossal  statue  of  Hercules. 

Versailles  of  Poland,  the  palace, 
etc.,  of  the  counts  of  Braniski,  which  now 
belong  to  the  municipality  of  Bialystok. 

Versatile  (Sir  George),  a  scholar, 
pleasing  in  manners,  warm-hearted, 
generous,  with  the  seeds  of  virtue  and 
the  soul  of  honour,  but  being  deficient 
in  stabilitv,  he  takes  his  colour,  like  the 
chamelion",  from  the  objects  at  hand. 
Thus,  with  Maria  Delaval  he  is  manly, 
frank,  affectionate,  and  noble ;  with  lord 
Vibrate,  hesitating,  undecided,  and  tossed 
with  doubts  ;  with  lady  Vibrate,  boister- 
ously gav,  extravagant,  and  light-hearted. 
Sir  George  is  betrothed  to  Maria  Delaval, 
but  the  death  of  his  father  delays  the 
marriage.  He  travels,  and  gives  a  fling 
to  youthful  indulgences.  After  a  time, 
he  meets  Maria  Delaval  by  accident,  his 
better  nature  prevails,  and  he  offers  her 
his  hand,  his  heart,  his  title,  and  his 
fortune.— II oleroft,  He's  Much  to  Blama 
(1790). 
Vertaigne  (2  or  3  syl),  a  nobleman 


VERVAIN. 


1066 


VICAR  OF  BRAY. 


and  judge,  father  of  Laniira and  Beaupre*. 

— Beaumont    and    Fletcher,     The    Little 
French  Lawyer  (1647). 

Vervain  otVerbe  na,  i.e.  herba  bona, 
used  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans  in  their 
•sacrifices  and  sacred  rites,  and  by  the 
druids  in  their  incantations.  It  was  for 
ages  a  reputed  deobetruent,  especially 
efficacious  in  scrofulous  complaints,  the 
bite  <>f  tabid  animals,  antipathies,  and 
megrims. 

Drayton  says  "a  wreath  of  vervain 
heralds  wear  "  as  a  badge  of  truce.  Am- 
bassadors also  wore  a  chaplet  of  vervain 
on  denouncing  war. 

The  hermit  .  .  .  the  h..ly  v.rvnin  finrls. 
Which  lie  nljout  Mi  boM  thai  hath  ii"-  megrim  bind*. 
lira) I.. ii.  PdfOlbUm,  xiii.  (1613). 

Vesey  (Sir  John),  a  baronet,  most 
worldly  wise,  and,  being  poor,  gives 
himself  the  nickname  of  "Stingy  Jack," 
thai  he  may  be  thought  rich.  Forthwith 
his  £10,000  was  exaggerated  into  £40,000. 
Sir  John  wanted  his  daughter  to  marry 
Alfred  Evelyn,  but,  feeling  very  uncertain 
about  the  stability  of  the  young  man's 
money,  shilly-shallied  about  it;  and  in 
the  mean  time,  Georgina  married  sir 
Frederick  Blount,  and  Evelyn  was  left 
free  to  marry  Clara  Douglas,  whom  lie 
greatly  loved. — Lord  I,.  Bulwer  Lytton, 
Money  (1840). 

Vostris, called "Thefiod of  Dancing," 
used  to  say,  "  Europe  contains  only  three 
truly  great  men — myself,  Voltaire,  and 
Frederick  of  Prussia"  (1729-1808). 

Veto  (Monsieur  and  Madame),  Louis 
XVI.  and  Marie  Antoinette.  The  king 
had  the  power  of  putting  his  veto  on  any 
decree  of  the  National  Assembly  (171H), 
in  consequence  of  which  he  was  nick- 
named "  Capet  Veto." 

%*  The  name  occurs  in  the  celebrated 
song  called  La  Carmagnole,  which  was 
6ung  to  a  dance  of  the  same  name. 

Vetus,  in  the  Times  newspaper,  is  the 
nom  de  plume  of  Edward  Sterling  (1778- 

1847),  "The  Thunderer"  (18L>-13). 

Vexhelia,  wife  of  Osmond  an  old 
Varangian   guard. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Count 

JiiJicrt  of  Paris  (time,  Lufus). 

Vholes  (1  S//.'.),  a  lawyer  who  <lrawg 
Richard  Carstone  into  his  toils.     He  is 

always   closely   buttoned   up,   ami   speaks 

in  a  lifeless  manner,  but  is  pre-eminently 
a  "  most  respectable  man." — C.  Dickens, 

bleu'-  House  (ISO'.'). 


Vi  et  Armis. — Cicero,  2  Philippic, 
xli.  107. 

Vibrate  (Lord),  a  man  who  can  nevor 
make  up  his  mind  to  anything,  and, 
"  like  a  man  on  double  business  bent,  he 
stands  in  pause  which  he  shall  first  begin, 
and  both  neglects."  Thus,  he  would  say 
to  his  valet,  "  Order  the  coachman  at 
eleven.  No;  order  him  at  one.  Come 
back  !  order  him  in  ten  minutes.  Stay  ! 
don't  order  him  at  all.  Why  don't  you 
go  and  do  as  I  bid  you  V "  or,  "  Tell 
Harry  to  admit  the  doctor.  No,  not 
just  yet;  in  five  minutes.  I  don't  know 
when.  Was  ever  man  so  tormented  V  " 
So  with  everything. 

Lady  Vibrate,  wife  of  the  above.  Ex- 
travagant, contradictious,  fond  of  gaiety, 
hurry,  noise,  embarrassment,  confusion, 
disorder,  uproar,  and  a  whirl  of  excite- 
ment.    She  says  to  his  lordship: 

I  am  all  piiet)  and  pood  humour;  you  are  all  tnrmoll 
and  lainentalinn.  I  sing,  laugh,  and  welcome  pleasure 
wherever  I  Bod  it;  > "ii  take  foot  lantern  to  look  lor 
misery,  which  the  sun  Itself  cannot  discover.  You  ma/ 
think  proper  to  lie  n.i  miserable  as  Job  ;  but  don  t  expect 
me  t"  HI  Job  s  wife.— Act  ii.  L 

Jane  Vibrate,  daughter  of  lord 
and  lady  Vibrate.  An  amiable  young 
lady,  attached  to  Dclaval,  whom  she 
marries. — Ilolcroft,  He's  Much  to  Blame 
(J790). 

Vicar  of  Bray  (The).  Mr.  Brume 
says  the  noted  vicar  was  Simon  Allevn, 
vicar    of    Bray,    in    Berkshire,    for    fifty 

years.  In  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  he  was 
ooMofictil]  the  Reformation  ;  in  the  reign 

of   Edward   VI.   he   was  oilvinitt ;  in  the 
I  Mary  he  wnapopist  ;  in  the  reign 

of  Elisabeth  he  was  protectant,  no 
matter  who  was  king,  he  resolved  to 
die  the  vicar  of  Bray. — D'Israeli,  ' 

ties  of  Literature. 

Another  statement  gives  the  name  of 
Pendleton  as  the  true  vicar.  He  was 
afterwards  rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  Wal- 

brook  (Edward  VI.  to  Elisabeth). 

Hadyn  says  the  vicar  referred  to  in  ti.e 

songwas  Simon  Symouds,  who  lived  in 

the  Commonwealth,  and  continued  vicar 
till  the  reign  of  William  and   Mary.      Ho 

I  at  in  the  protectorate,  cjhs- 
oopalian  under  Charles  II.,  papist  under 
.lames  II.,  moderate  protectant  under 
William  and  Mary. 

%*  The  song  called  Tks  Vioarof  Bray 

was  written  in  the  reign  of  George  L,  by 
colonel  Fuller  or  an  officer  in  Fuller's 
nt.  and  does  not  refer  to  Alleyn. 
Pendleton,  or  Bymonds,  but  to  son 
or  imaginary  person  who  was  vicar  of  Bray 
f r.  in   (  harks    ll.  to  George   I.     The  first 


VICAR  OF  WAKEFIELD. 


1067 


VICTORIOUS. 


Verse  begins:  "In  good  king  Charles's 
golden  days,"  I  was  a  zealous  high- 
churchman.  Ver.  2  :  "  When  royal 
James  obtained  the  crown,"  1  found  the 
Church  of  Koine  would  fit  my  constitu- 
tion. Ver.  3  "  When  William  was  our 
king  declared,"  I  swore  to  him  allegiance. 
Ver.  4:  "When  gracious  Anne  became 
our  queen,"  I  became  a  tory.  Ver.  5  : 
"  When  George,  in  pudding-time  came 
o'er,"  I  became  a  whig.  And  "  George 
my  lawf  ul  king  shall  be — until  the  times 
do  alter." 

I  have  had  a  long  chase  after  the  vicar  of  Bray,  on 
whom  the  proverb.  .  .  .  Mr.  Fuller,  in  his  Worthies.  .  .  . 
takes  no  notice  of  him.  ...  I  am  informed  it  is  Simon 
Alleyn  or  Allen,  who  was  vicar  of  Dray  about  1540,  and 
died  1588. — Ilrome  to  Rawlins,  June  14,  1735.  (See 
Letters  from  the  Bodleian.  II.  i.  100.) 

Vicar  of  Wakefield  (The),  Dr. 
Primrose,  a  simple-minded,  pious  clergy- 
man, with  six  children.  He  begins  life 
with  a  good  fortune,  a  handsome  house, 
and  wealthy  friends,  but  is  reduced  to 
utter  poverty  without  any  fault  of  his 
own,  and,  being  reduced  like  Job,  like  Job 
he  is  restored.  First,  he  loses  his  fortune 
through  the  rascality  of  the  merchant 
who  held  it.  His  next  great  sorrow  was 
the  elopement  of  his  eldest  daughter, 
Olivia,  with  squire  Thornhill.  His  third 
was  the  entire  destruction  by  fire  of  his 
house,  furniture,  and  books,  together 
with  the  savings  which  he  had  laid  by 
for  his  daughters'  marriage  portions, 
His  fourth  was  being  incarcerated  in  the 
count}'  jail  by  squire  Thornhill  for  rent, 
his  wife  and  family  being  driven  out  of 
house  and  home.  His  fifth  was  the  an- 
nouncement that  his  dauoh*;er  Olivia 
"was  dead,"  and  that  his  daughter 
Sophia  had  been  abducted.  His  sixth 
was  the  imprisonment  of  his  eldest  son, 
George,  for  sending  a  challenge  to  squire 
Thornhill.  His  cup  of  sorrow  was  now 
full,  and  comfort  was  at  hand :  (1) 
Olivia  was  not  really  dead,  but  was  said 
to  be  so  in  order  to  get  the  vicar  to 
submit  to  the  squire,  and  thus  obtain  his 
release.  (2)  His  daughter  Sophia  had 
been  rescued  by  Mr.  Burchell  (sir  William 
Thornhill),  who  asked  her  hand  in  mar- 
riage. (3)  His  son  George  was  liberated 
from  prison,  and  married  Miss  Wilmot, 
an  heiress.  (4)  Olivia's  marriage  to  the 
squire,  which  was  said  to  have  been  in- 
formal, was  shown  to  be  legal  and  binding. 
(5)  The  old  vicar  was  released,  re-esta- 
blished in  his  vicarage,  and  recovered  a 
r>art  of  his  fortune. — Goldsmith,  The 
Vicar  of  Wakefield  (17GG). 

***  This  novel   has   been  dramatized 


several  times  :  In  1819  it  was  performed 
in  the  Surrey  Theatre;  in  1823  it  was 
turned  into  an  opera;  in  1850  Tom 
Taylor  dramatized  it  ;  in  1878  W.  G. 
Wills  converted  it  into  a  drama  of  four 
acts,  entitled  Olivia. 

The  real  interest  of  the  story  lies  In  the  development  of 
the  character  of  the  amiable  vicar,  so  rich  in  heavenly, 
so  poor  in  earthly  wisdom  j  possessing  litUe  for  himself, 
yet  ready  to  make  that  little  less,  whenever  misery  ap- 
peals to  his  compassion.  With  enough  of  worldly  vanity 
about  him  to  show  that  he  shared  Uie  weakness  of  our 
nature  ;  ready  to  be  imposed  upon  by  cosmogonies  and 
fictitious  bills  of  exchange,  and  yet  commanding,  by  the 
simple  and  serene  dignity  of  goodness,  the  respect  even 
of  the  profligate.—  Encyc.  Brit.,  Art.  "  Iionutnce." 

Victor  Amade'us  (4  syl.),  king  of 
Sardinia  (1605,  1675-1732),  noted  for  his 
tortuous  policy.  He  was  fierce,  audacious, 
unscrupulous,  and  selfish,  profound  in 
dissimulation,  prolific  in  resources,  and 
a "  breaker  of  vows  both  to  God  and 
man."  In  1730  he  abdicated,  but  a  few 
months  later  wanted  to  regain  the  throne, 
which  his  son,  Charles  Emmanuel,  refused 
to  resign.  On  again  plotting  to  recover 
the  crown,  he  was  arrested  by  D'Ormea 
the  prime  minister,  and  died. — R.  Brown- 
ing, Kinj  Victor  and  King  Charles 
Emmanuel. 

Victor's  Library  (St.),  a  library  of 
trashy  books,  especially  controversial 
divinity.  (See  Library.)  —  Rabelais, 
Pantag'ruel,  ii.  7  (1533). 

Victoria  (Donna),  the  young  wife  of 
don  Carlos.  Don  Carlos  had  given  to 
donna  Laura  (a  courtezan)  the  deeds  of 
his  wife's  estate;  and  Victoria,  to  get  them 
back,  dressed  in  man's  apparel,  assumed 
the  name  of  Florio,  and  made  love  to 
Laura.  Having  secured  a  footing,  she 
introduced  Gasper  as  the  rich  uncle  of 
Victoria,  and  Gasper  persuaded  Laura 
that  the  deeds  were  wholly  worthless, 
whereupon  Laura  tore  them  to  pieces. 
By  this  manoeuvre  the  estate  was  saved, 
and  don  Carlos  rescued  from  ruin. — Mrs. 
Cowley,  A  Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband 
(1782). 

Victoria  Tower  (The).  The  tower 
of  the  palace  of  Westminster  is  called 
"The  Monarchy  in  Stone,"  because  it 
contains,  in  chiselled  kings  and  heraldic 
designs,  the  sculptured  history  of  the 
British  sovereigns. 

Victorious  (The).  Almanzor  menn9 
"  victorious."  The  caliph  Almanzor  was 
the  founder  of  Bagdad. 

Thou,  too,  art  fallen,  Bagdad,  city  of  peace! 

Thou,  too,  hast  had  thy  day  1  .  .  . 
Thy  founder  The  Victorious. 

Southey,  Tluilaba  the  Destroyer,  T.  6  (17*7). 


VICTORY. 


1068 


VINCENTIO. 


Victory  (The),  Nelson's  ship. 

At  the  head  of  the  line  goes  the  Victory, 

With  Nelson  on  the  deck. 
Ami  on  his  breast  the  ordere  shine 

Like  the  stars  on  a  shattered  wreck. 

Lord  Lytton.  Ode.  id.  9  (1839). 

Vidar,  the  god  of  wisdom,  noted  for 
his  thick  shoes,  and  not  unfrequently 
called  "  The  god  with  the  thick  shoes." 
— ilea  ndinavian  My  tholojy. 

Vienne,  like  Toledo,  was  at  one  time 
noted  for  its  sword-blades. 

'  Gnrgantua  gave  Touchfaucet  an  excellent  sword  of  » 
Vienne  blade  with  a  golden  scabbard.— ItabeUis,  (jar- 
gantua,  i.  Hi  (1533). 

Vienne  (The  archbishop  of),  chancellor 
of   Burgundy. — Sir   W.  Scott,   Anne   of 

Geierstein  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Vifell,  father  of  Viking,  famous  for 
being  the  possessor  of  Angurva'del,  the 
celebrated  sword  made  in  the  East  by 
dwarfs.  Vifell  won  it  from  Bjbrn  Blce- 
tand,  and  killed  with  it  the  giant  Iernhbs, 
whom  he  cleft  from  head  to  waist  with  a 
single  stroke.  Vifell  left  it  to  Viking, 
Viking  to  Thorsten,  and  Thorsten  to  his 
son  Frith j of.  The  hilt  of  the  sword  was 
gold,  and  the  blade  written  with  runes, 
which  were  dull  in  times  of  peace,  but  in 
war  glittered,  "  red  as  the  crest  of  a  cock 
when  he  fighteth."  —  Tegne'r,  Frithjof 
Saga,  iii.  (1825). 

Villalpando  (Gaspar  Cardillos  Je),  a 
Spanish  theologian,  controversialist,  and 
commentator  (l.r»05-1570). 

"  Truly,"  replied  the  canon.  "Iain  better  acquainted 
wiih  booka  of  chivalrv  than  with  Viiiaipaudo's  divinity." — 
Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv.  17  (Kins). 

Ville  Sonnante  (Im).  Avignon  is 
so  called  by  Rabelais,  from  its  numerous 
bell-towers. 

Ville'rius,  in  Davenant's  Sie<je  of 
Rhodes  (1G56). 

.  .  .  iwle  with  envy,  Singleton  forswore 
The  lute  ami  ■word,  which  he  in  triumph  bore. 
And  vowed  he  ne'er  wimld  act  VilUrius  inure. 

Hrjil™,  MacFUdtnoe  (1682). 

%*  This  was  a  favourite  part  of 
Singleton. 

Villers  (Mr.),  a  gentleman  who  pro- 

fessed  a  supreme   contempt  for  women, 

and  declared,  if  he  ever  married,  he  should 

prefer  Widow  Racket  to  his  executioner. — 

.  Mrs. Cowley,  The  Belle's  f&ratagem(1780), 

"Villiard,  a  villain,  from  whose  hands 
Charles  Belmont  rescued  Fidelia. — E. 
Moore,  The  Foundling  (1748). 

Vincent  (Jenkin)  or  "Jin  Vin,"  one 
of  old  Ramsay's  apprentices,  in  love  with 
Margaret  Ramsay. — Sir  W.  Scott,  For- 
tunes  of  Nigel  (time,  James  I.). 


Vincent  de  la  Rosa,  a  boastful, 
vain,  heartless  adventurer,  son  of  a  poor 
labourer;  who  had  served  in  the  Italian 
wars.  Coming  to  the  village  in  which 
Leandra  lived,  he  induced  her  to  elope 
with  him,  and,  having  spoiled  her  of  her 
jewels,  money,  and  other  valuables,  de- 
serted her,  and  she  was  sent  to  a  convent 
till  the  affair  had  blown  over. 

He  wore  a  gay  uniform,  bedecked  with  glass  buttons  and 
steel  ornaments ;  to-day  he  dressed  himself  in  one  piece 
of  finery,  and  to-morrow  in  another.  He  would  seal 
himself  upon  a  bench  under  a  large  poplar,  and  entertain 
the  villagers  with  his  travels  and  exploits,  assuring  tlieiu 
there  was  not  a  country  in  the  whole  world  he  had  not 
aeen,  nor  a  baule  in  which  he  had  not  taken  part.  He 
ha.  I  slain  more  Moors  than  ever  Tunis  or  Morocco  pro- 
duced ;  and  as  to  duels,  he  had  fought  more  than  ever 
(.ante  had,  or  Luna,  Mojo  t.aicia  de  Paredez,  or  any 
other  chain]>i..u,  always  cnuiiimoff  victorious,  and  without 
.lrup  ol  blood, — l'cr\antes,  Don  Quixote,  I.  iv. 
•M  ("  The  Goat-herd's  Story,"  1605). 

Vincen'tio,  duke  of  Vienna.  lie 
delegates  his  office  to  Angelo,  and  leaves 
Vienna  for  a  time,  under  the  pretence  of 
going  on  a  distant  journey  ;  but,  by  as- 
suming a  monk's  hood,  he  observes  incog- 
nito the  conduct  of  his  different  officers. 
Angelo  tries  to  dishonour  Isabella,  but 
the  duke  re-appears  in  due  time  and 
rescues  her.  while  Angelo  is  made  to 
marry  Mariana,  to  whom  he  was  already 
betrothed.  —  Shakespeare,  Measure  for 
Measure  (H'»03). 

%*  Mariana  was  Angelo's  wife  by 
civil  contract,  or,  as  the  duke  says  to  her, 
"  lie  is  thy  husband  by  pre-contract," 
though  the  Church  had  not  yet  sanctified 
the  union  and  blessed  it.  Still,  the  duke 
says  that  it  would  be  "no  sin"  in  her 
to  account  herself  his  wife,  and  to  per- 
form towards  him  the  duties  of  a  wife. 
Angelo's  neglect  of  her  was  "a  civil 
divorce,"  which  would  have  been  a  "  sin  " 
if  the  Church  had  sanctified  the  union, 
but  which,  till  then,  was  only  a  moral  or 
civil  offence.  Mariana  also  considered 
herself  Angelo's  "wife,"  and  calls  him 
"her  husband."  This  is  an  interesting 
illustration  of  the  "civil  contract"  of 
matrimony  long  before  "The  Marriage 
Registration  Act"  in  1837. 

Vmcen'tio,  an  old  gentleman  of  Pisa,  in 
Shakespeare's  comedv  called  The  Tooting 
of  the  Shrew  (1593). 

Yincentio,  the  troth-plight  of  Evadno 
sister  of  the  marquis  of  Colonna.  Being 
himself  without  guile,  he  is  unsuspicious, 
and  when  Lndovico,  the  traitor,  tells  hiir. 
that  Evadno  is  the  king's  wanton,  he  be- 
lieves it  and  casts  her  off.  This  brings 
about  a  duel  between  him  and  Kvadnc's 
brother,  in  which  Viuceutio  falls,     lie  is 


VINCENTIO. 


lOfiO 


VIOLET. 


Hot,  however,  killed  ;  and  when  the  vil- 
lainy of  Ludovico  is  brought  to  light,  he 
re-appears  and  marries  Evadne. — Sheil, 
Evadhe  or  The  Statue  (1820). 

Yinccntio  (/><<«),  a  young  man  who  was 
music  mad,  and  said  that  the  summum 
bonum  of  life  is  to  get  talked  about. 
Like  queen  Elizabeth,  lie  loved  a  "crash  " 
in  music,  plenty  of  noise  and  fury. 
Olivia  de  Zuniga  disgusted  him  by  main- 
taining the  jew's-harp  to  be  the  prince  of 
musical  instruments. — Mrs.  Cowley,  A 
Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband  (1782). 

Vingolf,  the  paradise  of  Scandi- 
navian mythology. 

Ah,  Ingeborg.  how  fair,  how  near  doth  stand 
Each  earthly  joy  to  two  fond  loving  hearts  1 
If  boldly  granted  whene'er  the  time  is  ripe. 
It  follows  willingly,  and  builds  for  them 
A  vingolf  even  here  on  earth  helow. 

Tegner,  J'YUhjof  Suya,  viii.  (1825). 

Vi'ola,  sister  of  Sebastian  ;  a  young 
lady  of  Messaline.  They  were  twins, 
and  so  much  alike  that  they  could  be 
distinguished  only  by  their  dress.  Viola 
and  her  brother  were  shipwrecked  off  the 
coast  of  Illyria,  Viola  was  brought  to 
shore  by  the  captain,  but  her  brother  was 
left  to  shift  for  himself.  Being  a 
stranger  in  a  strange  land,  Viola  dressed 
as  a  page,  and,  under  the  name  of 
Cesario,  entered  the  service  of  Orsino  duke 
of  lllvria.  The  duke  greatly  liked  his 
beautiful  page,  and,  when  he  discovered 
her  true  sex,  married  her. — Shakespeare, 
Twelfth  Mjht  (1G02). 

Vi'ola  and  Hono'ra,  daughters  of 
general  Arenas  "the  loyal  subject"  of 
the  great-duke  of  Muscovia. — Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,   Tlie  Loyal  Subject  (1618). 

"Violan'te  (4  syl.),  the  supposed  wife 
of  don  Henrique  (2  syl.)  an  uxorious 
Spanish  nobleman.  —  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  The  Spanish  Curate  (1622). 

Violante,  the  betrothed  of  don  Alonzo 
of  Alcazar,  but  given  in  marriage  by  king 
Sebastian  to  llenri'quez.  This  caused 
Alonzo  to  desert  and  join  the  emperor  of 
Barbary.  As  renegade  he  took  the.  name 
of  Dorax,  and  assumed  the  Moorish  cos- 
tume.  In  the  war  which  followed,  he 
saved  Sebastian's  life,  was  told  that 
Henrique/,  had  died  in  battle,  and  that 
Violante,  who  never  swerved  from  his  love, 
being  a  young  widow,  was  free  and  willing 
to  be  his  wife. — Dryden,  Don  Sebastian 
(1690). 

*  Violante,  an  attendant  on  the  princess 
%.ina  Comnena   the  historian. — Sir   W. 


Scott,  Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time, 
Rufus). 

Violante  (1  syl.),  wife  of  Pietro  (2  syl.), 
and  putative  mother  of  Pompilia.  Vio- 
lante provided  this  supposititious  child 
partly  to  please  old  Pietro,  and  partly  to 
cheat  the  rightful  loirs.  —  It.  Browning, 
The  Ring  and  the  Booh,  ii. 

Violan'te  (Donna),  daughter  of  don 
Pedro,  a  Portuguese  nobleman,  who 
intends  to  make  her  a  nun  ;  but  she  falls 
in  love  with  don  Felix,  the  son  of  doo 
Lopez.  Isabella  (sister  »£  don  Felix),  in 
order  to  escape  a  hateful  marriage,  takes 
refuge  with  donna  Violante  (4  syl.),  who 
"keeps  the  secret"  close,  even  at  the 
risk  of  losing  her  sweetheart,  for  Felix 
discovers  that  a  colonel  Briton  calls  at 
the  house,  and  supposes  Violante  to  be 
the  object  of  his  visits.  Ultimately,  the 
mystery  is  cleared  up,  and  a  double 
marriage  takes  place. — Mrs.  Centlivre, 
The  Wonder  (1714). 

Mm  Yates  (in  the  Last  art),  with  (.arrirk  as  "don  Felix," 
was  admirable.  Felix,  thinking  he  has  gone  too  far.  applies 
himself  to  soothe  his  Violante.  She  turns  from  him  and 
draws  away  her  chair  ;  he  follows,  and  she  draws  further 
away.  At  length,  by  his  winning,  entreating,  and  cajol- 
ing, she  is  gradually  Induced  to  melt,  and  finally  makes  it 

Dp  with  him.  Her  condescension  .  .  .  w:is  admirable  ; 
her  dignity  was  great  and  lofty,  .  .  .  and  when  by  degrees 
she  laid  aside  her  frown,  and  her  lips  relaxed  into  a  smile, 
.  .  .  nothing  could  be  more  lovely  and  irresistible.  .  .  . 
It  laid  the  whole  audience,  as  well  as  Uie  lover,  at  her  feet. 
— William  Goodwin. 

Violen'ta,  any  young  lady  non- 
entity ;  one  who  contributes  nothing  to 
the  amusement  or  conversation  of  a  party. 
Violenta  is  one  of  the  dramatis  persona  <>t 
Shakespeare's  AlFs  Well  that  Ends  Weil, 
but  she  only  enters  once,  and  then  she 
neither  speaks  nor  is  spoken  to  (1598). 
(See  Rogero,  p.  839,  third  art.) 

Violen'ta,  the  fairy  mother  who  brought 
up  the  young  princess  who  was  metamor- 
phosed into  a  white  cat  for  refusing  to 
marry  Migonnet  (a  hideously  misshapen 
fairy). — Comtesse  D'Aunov,  Fairy  Tales 
("  the  White  Cat,"  1682). 

Violet,  the  ward  of  lady  Arundel. 
She  is  in  love  with  Norman  the  "  sea- 
captain,"  who  turns  out  to  be  the  son  of 
lady  Arundel  by  her  first  husband,  and 
heir  to  the  title  and  estates. — Lord  Lytton, 
The  Sea-Captain  (1889). 

Violet  (Father),  a  sobriquet  of  Na- 
poleon  I.;  also  called  "Corporal  Violet" 
(17(19,  1X04-181;.,  died  1821). 

%*  Violets  were  the  flowers  of  the 
empire,  ami  when,  in  1X79,  the  ex-em- 
prcss  Eugenie  was  visited  at  Chislehurst 
by    those    who    sympathized     with    her 


VIOLET-CROWNED  CITY. 


1070  VIRGIL  OF  OUR  DRAMATIC  POETS. 


in  the  death  of  her  son,  "the  prince 
imperial,"  they  were  worn  as  symbols  of 
attachment  to  the  imperial  family  of 
France.  The  name  was  given  to  Na- 
poleon on  his  banishment  to  Elba  (1815), 
and  implied  that  "he  would  return  to 
France  with  the  violets." 

"Violet-Crowned  City  (Tlie). 
Athens  is  so  called  by  Aristophanes 
(looTf<pavo<;)  (see  Equites,  1323  and  1329  ; 
and  Acharnians,  637).  Macau  lay  refers 
to  Athens  as  "the  violet-crowned  city." 
Ion  (a  violet)  was  a  representative  king 
of  Athens,  whose  four  sons  gave  names 
to  the  four  Athenian  classes ;  and  Greece, 
in  Asia  Minor,  was  called  Ionia.  Athens 
was  the  city  of  "  Ion  crowned  its  king," 
and  hence  was  "  the  Ion  crowned  "  or 
king  Ion's  city.  Translating  the  word 
Ion  into  English,  Athens  was  the  "Violet- 
crowned"  or  king  Violet's  city.  Of 
course,  the  pun  is  the  chief  point,  and 
was  quite  legitimate  in  comedy. 

Similarly,  Paris  is  called  the  "  city  of 
lilies,"  by  a  pun  between  Louis  and  lys 
(the  jloicer-de-luce),  and  France  is  V  empire 
des  li/s  or  ('empire  ties  Louis. 

By  a  similar  pun,  London  might  be 
called  "  the  noisy  town,"  from  hltid, 
"noisy." 

Violetta,  a  Portuguese,  married  to 
Bellield  the  elder  brother,  but  deserted 
by  him.  The  faithless  husband  gets  be- 
trothed to  Sophia  (daughter  of  sir  Ben- 
jamin Dove),  who  loves  the  younger 
brother.  Both  Violetta  and  the  younger 
brother  are  shipwrecked  and  cast  on  the 
coast  of  Cornwall,  in  the  vicinity  of  squire 
Belfield's  estate ;  and  Sophia  is  informed 
that  her  "  betrothed"  is  a  married  man. 
She  is  therefore  free  from  her  betrothal, 
and  marries  the  younger  brother,  the 
man  of  her  choice ;  while  the  elder 
brother  takes  back  his  wife,  to  whom  he 
becomes  reconciled.  —  R.  Cumberland, 
The  Brothers  (1769). 

Violin  (Motto  on  a). 

In  silvia  viva  silul ;  canora  jam  mortua  car.o. 
Muto  when  ulive,  I  lieanl  the  feathered  throng; 
Vocal  now  dead,  1  emulate  their  song. 

E.  C.  B. 

Violin  (The  Angel  with  the).  Ruben s's 
"  Harmony  "  is  an  angel  of  the  male  sex 
playing  a  bass-viol. 

The  angel  witli  the  violin, 
Painted  hy  Raphael,  (?)  he  seemed. 

Longfellow,  Tie  Waysidt  Inn  (18X3). 

Violin-Makers  (  The  best)  -.  Gasparo 
ii  Salo  (1560-1610)  ;  Nicholas  Amati 
(1596-1684);  Antonio  Stradivari  (1670- 
1728)  ;  Joseph  A.  Gunrneri  (1683- 1745). 


%*  Of  these,  Stradivari  was  the  beat, 
and  Nicholas  Amati  the  next  best. 

The  following  are  eminent,  but  not 
equal  to  the  names  given  above  : — Joseph 
Steiner  (1620-1667)  ;  Matthias  Klotz 
(1650-1696).     (See  Otto,  On  the  Violin.) 

Vipers.  According  to  Greek  and 
Roman  superstition,  the  female  viper, 
after  copulation,  bites  off  the  head  of  the 
male.  Another  notion  was  that  young 
vipers  came  into  the  world  by  gnawing 
their  way  through  the  mother,  and  kill-  ■ 
ing  her. 

Else,  viper-like,  their  parents  they  devour, 

For  all  Power's  children  easily  covet  power. 

Lord  Brooke,  TreatU  on  Ilutnan  Learning  (1554-162S). 

Vipont  (fl&"  Ralph  de),  a  knight  of 
St.  John.  He  is  one  of  the  knights 
challengers.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Virgil,  in  the  Gesta  liomanorum,  is 
represented  as  a  mighty  but  benevolent 
enchanter,  and  this  is  the  character  that 
Italian  romances  give  him. 

Similarly,  sir  Walter  Scott  is  called 
"  The  Great  Wizard  of  the  North." 

Virgil,  in  Dante,  is  the  personification 
of  human  wisdom,  Beatrice  of  the  wisdom 
which  conies  of  faith,  and  St.  Bernard  of 
spiritual  wisdom.  Virgil  conducts  Danto 
through  the  Inferno  and  through  Purga- 
tory too,  till  the  seven  P's  (peccata"  sins") 
are  obliterated  from  his  brow,  when 
Beatrice  becomes  his  guide.  St.  Bernard 
is  his  guide  through  a  part  of  Paradise. 
Virgil  says  to  Dante  : 

What  reason  here  discovers,  /  have  power 
To  show  thee  ;  that  which  lies  beyond,  expect 
From  Beatrice—^ -faith  not  reason's  t*sk. 

Dante.  Purgatory.  xviiL  (1308). 

Virgil.  The  inscription  on  his  tomb 
(said  to  have  been  written  by  himself) 
was : 

Mantua  me  genuit ;  Calabri  rapuere  ;  tenet  nunc 
Parthenope  ;  ceclnl  pascua,  rura,  duces. 

In  Mantua  was  I  born  ;  Calabria  saw  mo  die ; 

Of  sheep,  fields,  wars  1  sung  ;  and  now  in  Naples  lie. 

K.  C.  B. 

Virgil  (The  Christian),  Giacomo  San- 
nazaro  (1458-1530). 

Marco  Girolamo  Vida,  author  of  Chris- 
tius  (in  six  books),  is  also  called  "The 
Christian  Virgil"  (1490-1566). 

*^*  Aurelius  Clemens  Prudentius  of 
Spain  is  called  by  Bentley  "The  Virgil 
and  Horace  of  Christians  "  (348-*). 

Virgil  of  our  Dramatic  Poets 
(The).  Ben  Jonson  is  so  called  by 
Dryden  (1574-1637). 

Shakespeare  was  the  Homer  or  father  of  our  dramatic 
poeb:  Jonson  was  the  Virgil,  and  pattern  of  clatxiraw 
writing.  I  admire  rare  Ben,  but  1  love  Sliakeojuarn.- 
Drydeu. 


VIRGIL  OF  THE  FRENCH  DRAMA.    1071 


VIRGINS. 


Virgil  of  the  French  Drama 
(Tin1).  Jean  Racine  is  bo  called  by  six 
Walter  Scott  (1639-1699). 

Virgil's  Courtship.  Godfrey  Gobi- 
lyve  told  Graunde  Anioure  that  Virgil 
tlie  poet  once  made  proposals  to  a  lady 
of  high  rank  in  the  Roman  court,  who 
resolved  to  punish  him  for  his  presump- 
tion. She  told  him  that  if  he  would 
appear  on  a  given  night  before  her  win- 
dow, he  should  be  drawn  up  in  a  basket. 
Accordingly  he  kept  his  appointment, 
got  into  tin1  basket,  and,  being  drawn 
some  twenty  feet  from  the  ground,  was 
left  there  dangling  till  noon  next  day, 
the  laugh  and  butt  of  the  court  and  city. 
— Stephen  Hawes,  The  Passe-tyme  of 
Plesure,  xxix.  (1515). 

Virgil's  Gnat  (the  Culex,  ascribed  to 
Virgil).  A  shepherd,  having  fallen  asleep 
in  the  open  air,  was  on  the  point  of 
becoming  the  prey  of  a  serpent,  when 
a  gnat  stung  him  on  the  eyelid.  The 
shepherd  crushed  the  gnat,  but  at  the 
saint'  time  alarmed  the  serpent,  which 
thv.  shepherd  saw  and  beat  to  death. 
Next  night,  the  gnat  appeared  to  the 
shepherd  in  a  dream,  and  reproached  him 
for  ingratitude,  whereupon  he  raised  a 
monument  in  honour  of  his  deliverer. 
Spenser  has  a  free  translation  of  this 
story,  which  he  calls  VirgWs  Gnat  (1580). 
(See  Use  of  Pests,  p.  1054.) 

Virgile  du  B-abut  (Le),  "The 
Virgil  of  the  Plane,"  Adam  Reliant, 
the  joiner-poet,  who  died  1662.  He 
was  pensioned  by  Richelieu,  patronized 
by  the  "Great  Conde',"  and  praised  by 
Pierre  Corneille. 

Virgil'ia  is  made  by  Shakespeare 
the  wife  of  Coriolanus,  and  Volumnia  his 

mother ;  but  historically  Volumnia  was 
his  wife  and  Vetu'ria  his  mother. — Corio- 
lanus (lfilO). 

The  old  man's  merriment  in  Mcneniiu;  U>e  lofty  hull's 
dignity  in  Volumnia  ;  the  bridal  modesty  in  VlrglUa  ;  tiie 
patrician  and  military  haughtiness  In  Coriolanus;  the 
plebeian  malignity  nml  tribunitlan  Insolence  in  Brutus  and 
Bicinlos,  make  .1  very  pleading  and  interesting  variety. — 
Dr.  Johnson,  On  t'orioUtnat. 

Virgil'ius,  Feargil  bishop  of  Saltz- 

burg,  an  Irishman.  He  was  denounced 
as  a  heretic  for  asserting  the  existence  of 
antipodes  (*-7«l).  (See  11i.ki.ny,  p. 
438.) 

Virgin  Fort  (The).  Widin,  in  Euro- 
pean lurkey,  is  so  called  by  the  Turks, 
because  it  has  never  been  taken  by  as- 
sault. 


*#*  Metz,  in  Prance,  was  so  called  in 
the  Franco-Prussian  war  (1870-1). 

Virgin  Knot,  maidenly  chastity; 
the  allusion  being  to  the  zones  worn  by 
marriageable  young  women.  Girls  did 
not  wear  a  zone,  and  were  therefore 
called  "  Ungirded  "  (dis-cinta). 

If  thou  dost  hrenk  her  virgin  kri/t  Ijefore 

AH  RUictl n  I    may 

With  fill  and  bob  rite  be  ministered, 
No  swbet  ajrpersion  shall  the  heaven  let  fall 
To  make  this  contract  grow. 
Shakespearo,  The  Tempett.  act  It.  k.  1  (1609L 

Virgin  Martyr  ( The),  a  tragedy  by 
Philip  Massinger  (1622). 

Virgin  Mary  ( The)  is  addressed  by 
the  following  titles:  —  "Empress  and 
Queen  of  Heaven;"  "Empress  and  Queen 
of  Angels;"  "Empress  and  Queen  of 
the  Earth;"  "Lady  of  the  Universe  or  of 
the  World;"  "Mistress  of  the  World;" 
"Patroness  of  all  Men;"  "Advocate 
for  Sinners;"  "Mediatrix;"  "Gate  of 
Paradise  ;  "  "  Mother  of  Mercies  and  of 
Divine  Grace  ; "  "  Goddess  ;  "  "  The  only 
Hope  of  Sinners,"  etc.,  etc. 

It  is  said  that  Peter  Fullo,  in  480,  was 
the  first  to  introduce  invocations  to  the 
Virgin. 

Virgin  Modesty.  John  Wilmot, 
earl  of  Rochester,  was  so  called  by  <  Sharles 
II.,  because  of  his  propensitv  to  blush- 
ing (1G47-1G80). 

Virgin  Queen  (The),  Elizabeth 
(1533,  1 558-1 G03). 

Virgin  Unniasked  (The),  a  fane 
by  II.  Fielding.  Goodwill  had  acquired 
by  trade  £10,0(10,  and  resolved  to  give  his 
daughter  Lucy  to  one  of  his  relations,  in 
order  to  keep  the  money  in  the  family. 
He  sent  for  her  bachelor  relations,  .and 
told  them  his  intention  ;  they  were  Blister 
(the  apothecary),  Coupee  (the  dancing- 
master),  and  Quaver  (the  singing-master). 
They  all  preferred  their  professions  to  the 
young  lady,  and  while  they  were  quarrel- 
ling about  the  superiority  of  their  respec- 
tive callings,  Lucy  married  Thomas  the 
footman.  Old  Goodwill  says,  "I  don't 
know  but  that  my  daughter  has  made  a 
better  choice  than  it'  she  had  married  one 
of  these  booby  relations." 

Virgins     (The     Eleven    Thousand). 

I'rsul  or  lldrsel  in  Swahia,  like  Ilulda 
in  Scandinavia,  means  "  the  moon,"  and 
her  eleven  thousand  virgins  are  the  stars. 
The  bones  shown  in  Cologne  as  those  of 
the  eleven  thousand  virgins  arc  those 
of  males  and  females  of  all  a_'es,  and 
were  taken  from  an  old  lb  man  cemeterv 


VIRGINIA. 


1072 


VISION  OF  JUDGMENT. 


acioss  which  the  wall  of  Cologne  ran 
(1106). 

Virginia,  a  young  Roman  plebeian 
of  great  beauty,  decoyed  by  Appius 
Claudius,  one  of  the  decemvirs,  and 
claimed  as  hio  slave.  Her  father,  Vir- 
ginius,  being  told  of  it,  hastened  to  the 
forum,  and  arrived  at  the  moment  when 
Virginia  was  about  to  be  delivered  up  to 
Appius.  He  seized  a  butcher's  knife, 
stabbed  his  daughter  to  the  heart,  rushed 
from  the  forum,  and  raised  a  revolt. 

This  has  been  the  subject  of  a  host  of 
tragedies.  In  French,  bv  Mairet  ( 1628), 
by  Leclerc  (1646),  by  Campistron 
by  La  Beaumelle  (1760),  by  Chabanon 
(1769),  by  Laharpe  ( 1786),  by  I.eblanc 
da  (millet  (1786),  by  Gniraud  (1827).  by 
Latour  St.  Ybars  (1845),etc  In  Italian, 
by  Allien  (1783).  In  UiJ'NWUt,  by  Gott- 
hold  Leasing  (eighteenth  century).  In 
English,  by  John  Webster,  entitled  Ap- 
pius and  Virginia  (1654);  by  Miss  Brooke 
( 1 7»".< •  >  ;  .1.  s.  Knowles  (1820),  Virginias. 

It  is  one  of  lord  Macaulay's  lays  (1842), 
supposed  to  be  Bong  in  the  Coram  on  the 
day  when  Sextua  Sad  Licinofl  were 
elected  tribunes  for  the  fifth  time. 

Virginia,  the  daughter  of  Bide,  de  la 

Tour.     Madame  was  of  a  g 1  family  in 

Normandy,  but,  baring  married  beneath 
her  social  position,  was  tabooed  by  her 
family.  Her  husband  died  before  the 
birth  of  his  first  child,  and  the  widow- 
went  to  live  at  Port  Louis,  in  the  Mau- 
ritius, where  Virginia  was  born.  Their 
only  neighbour  was  Margaret,  with  her 
love-child  Paul,  an  infant.  The  two 
children  grew  up  together,  and  became 
strongly  attached;    but    when    Virginia 

was  16  years  old,  her  wealthy  great-aunt 

adopted  her,  and  requested  that  she  might 
be  sent  immediately  to  Franca,  to  finish 
her  education.  The  "  aunt  "  wanted  her 
to  marry  a  Trench  count,  and,  as  Virginia 
refused  to  do  BO,  disinherited  her  and 
dent  her  back  to  the  Mauritius.  When 
within  a  cable's  length  of  the  island,  a 
hurricane  dashed  the  ship  to  pie.. 
the   corpse   of   Virginia  was    east    on    the 

shore.  Paul  drooped,  and  died  within 
two  months. — Bernardin  de  St.  Pierre, 
Paulet  Virgins  (l. 

*„*  [n  Cobb's  dramatic  version  of  this 
story,  Virginia's  mother  is  of  Spanish 
origin,  and  dies  committing  Virginia  to 
the  charge  of  Dominique,  a  faithful  old 
ervant.  The  aunt  is  donna  Leo- 
nora de  Guzman,  who  sends  don  Antonio 
de  Guardeato  bring  Virginia  to  Spain,  and 


there  to  make  her  his  bride.  She  is 
carried  to  the  ship  by  f«.rce  ;  but  scarcely 
is  she  set  on  board  when  a  hurricane 
dashes  the  vessel  to  pieces.  Antonio  is 
drowned,  but  Virginia  is  rescued  by  Al- 
hambra,  a  runaway  slave,  whom  she  has 
befriended.  The  drama  ends  with  the 
marriage  between  Virginia  and  Paul 
(1756-1818). 

Virginius,  father  of  the  Roman 
Virginia,  the  title  of  a  tragedv  bv  S. 
Knowles  (1820).  (Forthetale,  see  Vir- 
ginia.) 

Macready  (1793-1873)  made  the  part  of 
"Virginius"  in  Knowlee'a  drama  socalled, 
but  the  first  to  act  it  was  John  Cooper,  in 
Glasgow  (1820). 

Virgivian  Sea.    (See  Vergivian.) 

Vir'olam,  St.  Alban's. 

Brave  Voadicia  inade  .  .  .  to  Virolam. 

l)r.i)U>»,  Polyoltoon,  viii.  (1612). 

Virtues  {The  Seven):   (1)   Faith,  (21 

hope,    (8)    charity,     (4)    prudence,     (ft) 

.  (i>)  fortitude,  and  (7)  temperance. 

The    iir>t    three    are    called    "the  holy 

virtues." 

I  l  Virjil]  with  Uin«e  aliMe 
Who  the  three  holy  virtues  put  nut  on. 
Rut  unilervt'xMl  the  rot.  ami  without  blame 
Followed  them  alL 

Daiit«.  Purgatory,  viL  (13081 

Virtues  and  Faults. 

He  to  her  virt  ie^  very  kind  ; 
Ba  t"  her  faults  a  hltle  Mind: 
Ix:t  all  her  wa>s  lie  uiiCMiitiurd  ; 
And  d;i| i  a  padl<»  k  on  her  mind. 

Trior.  An  Kuj'Ult  I'adUxk  (1800). 

Visin,  a  Russian  who  had  the  power 
of  blunting  weapons  by  a  look.  Starehat'- 
eraa,  the  Swede,  when  he  went  against 
him,  covered  his  sword  with  thin  leather, 
and  by  this  means  obtained  an  easy  vic- 
tory. 

Vision  of  Judgment  ( The),  a  poem 
in  twelve  parts,  by  Southey,  written  in 
hexameter  verse  (1820).  The  laureate 
su piloses  that  he  has  a  vision  of  George 
III.,  just  dead,  tried  at  the  bar  of  heaven. 
Wilkes  is  his  chief  accuser,  and  Washing- 
ton his  chief  defender.  Judgment  is 
given  by  acclamation  in  favour  of  the 
king,  and   in   heaven   he   is   welcomed    by 

Alfred,  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  Edward 
III.,  queen  Elizabeth,  Charles  I.,  and 
William  III.,  Bede,  friar  Bacon, Chaucer. 
Spenser,  the  duke  of  Marlborough,  and 
Berkeley  the  sceptic,  Hogarth,  Burke  the 
infidel,  Chatterton  who  made  away  with 
himself,  Canning,  Kelson,  anil  all  the 
royal  family  who  were  then  dead. 

%*  Of  all  the  literary  production*  c\er 


VITALIS. 


1073 


VOICE. 


issued  from  the  press,  never  was  one 
printed  of  worse  taste  than  this.  Byron 
wrote  a  quiz  on  it  called  The  Vision  of 
Judgment,  in  lUti  stanzas  of  eight  lines 
each  (1820). 

Vita'lis,  the  pseudonym  of  Eric  Sjo- 
berg,  a  Swedish  poet.  (Latin,  vita  lis, 
"  Hfe  is  a  strife.") 

Viti'za  or  Witi'za,  king  of  the 
Visigoths,  who  put  out  the  eyes  of  Cor- 
dova the  father  of  Roderick.  He  wa3 
himself  dethroned  and  blinded  by  Rode- 
rick.— Southey,  Roderick,  tlie  Last  of  the 
Goths  (1814). 

Vitruvius  (The  English),  Inigo 
Jones  (1572-1652). 

Vivian,  brother  of  Maugis  d'Agre- 
mont,  and  son  of  dukeBevisof  Agremont. 
He  was  stolen  in  infancy  by  Tapinel,  and 
sold  to  the  wife  of  Sorgalant. — Soman  de 
Maugis  d1  Agremont  et  de  Vivian  son  Frere. 

Vivian,  son  of  Buovo  (2  syl.),  of  the 
house  of  Clarmont,  and  brother  of  Aldiger 
and  Malagigi. — Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso 
'151G). 

"Viviane  (3  syl.),  daughter  of  Dyonas 
a  vavasour  of  high  lineage,  and  generally 
called  the  "  Lady  of  the  Lake."  Merlin, 
»n  his  dotage,  fell  in  love  with  her,  and 
sne  imprisoned  him  in  the  forest  of  Bre'- 
ce'liande,  in  Brittany.  Viviane  induced 
Merlin  to  show  her  how  a  person  could 
be  imprisoned  by  enchantment  without 
walls,  towers,  or  chains,  and  after  he  had 
done  so,  she  fondled  him  into  a  sleep  under 
a  whitethorn  laden  with  flowers.  While 
thu3  he  slept,  she  made  a  ring  with  her 
wimple  round  the  bush,  and  performed 
the  other  needful  ceremonies,  whereupon 
he  found  himself  enclosed  in  a  prison 
stronger  than  the  strongest  tower,  and 
from  that  imprisonment  was  never  again 
released. — Merlin  (a  romance). 

***  See  the  next  article. 

Viv'ien  or  Vivian,  the  personifica- 
tion of.  shameless  harlotry,  or  the  crown- 
ing result  to  be  expected  from  the 
infidelity  of  queen  Guin'evere.  This  wily 
wanton  in  Arthur's  court  hated  all  the 
knights,  and  tried  without  success  to 
seduce  "  the  blameless  king."  With 
Merlin  she  succeeded  better,  for,  being 
pestered  with  her  importunity,  he  told  her 
the  secret  of  his  power,  us  Samson  told 
•  Delilah  the  secret  of  his  strength.  Having 
learnt  this,  Vivien  enclosed  the  magician 
in  a  hollow  oak,  where  he  was  con  lined 
as  one  dead,  "  lost  to  life,  and  use,  and 
uame,  an  1  fame.'' — Tennyson,  Idylls  of 


the    Kin.]    ("Vivien,"     1858-9).      (See 

VlVIANK.) 

%*  In  Malory's  History  of  Prince 
Arthur,  i.  60,  Nimue  (?  Ninive)  is  the  fee 
who  inveigled.  Merlin  out  of  his  secret: 

And  so  upon  a  time  it  happened  that  Merlin  shewed 
toher  [JWmuej  inarock,  whereas  was  a^eut  wonder,  and 
Wrought  by  enchantment,  which  went  umlera  stone.  So 
by  her  subtle  craft  and  working,  the  made  Merlin  to  go 
under  that  stone,  to  let  her  wit  of  Ihe  marvels  there;  but 
she  wrought  so  there  for  hira  that  he  curat  never  out,  for 
all  his  craft.    And  so  she  departed  and  kit  him  there. 

Voadic'ia  or  Boadice'a,  queen  of 
the  British  Iceni.  Enraged  against  the 
Romans,  who  had  defiled  her  two  daugh- 
ters, she  excited  an  insurrection  against 
them,  and  while  Suetonius  I'aullnus,  the 
Roman  governor,  was  in  Biona  (Angtesea), 
she  took  Colchester  and  London,  and  slew 
70,000  Romans.  Being  at  length  de- 
feated by  Suetonius  Paulinus,  she  put  an 
end  to  her  life  by  poison  (a.i>.  Gl). 

Cowper  has  an  ode  on  Boadicea  (1790). 

Brave  Voadicla  made  with  her  resolvedest  men 

To  Virolam  [St.  Alban't],  whose  siege  with  fire  and  sword 

she  plyed 
Till  levelled  with  the  earth  .  .  .  etc 

Drayton,  J'olyilbian,  vili.  (1612). 

Voadine  (2  syl.),  bishop  of  London, 
who  reproved  Vortiger[n]  for  loving 
another  man's  wife  and  neglecting  his 
own  queen,  for  which  reproof  the  good 
bishop  was  murdered. 

.  .  .  good  Voadine.  who  reproved 
Proud  Vortiger,  his  king,  unlawfully  that  loved 
Another's  wanton  wife,  and  wronged  his  uujitial  bed. 

For  which  by  Uiat  stern  prince  unjustly  murdered. 

Drayton,  J'olyulbion,  xxlv.  (1B22). 

***  This  is  very  like  the  story  of  John 
the  Baptist  and  Herod. 

Voice  (Human).  The  following  ani- 
mals possessed  both  human  voice  and 
articulate  speech,  speaking  in  the  lan- 
guage of  their  masters  : — 

Al  Borax,  the  animal  which  conveyed 
Mahomet  to  the  seventh  heaven.  He  not 
only  spoke  good  Arabic,  but  had  also  a 
human  face. 

Akiox,  the  wonderful  horse  which 
Hercules  gave  to  Adrastos.  It  not  only 
spoke  good  Greek,  but  both  his  near  feet 
were  those  of  a  man. 

Balaam's  Ass  spoke  Hebrew  to  Ba- 
laam on  one  occasion. — Numb.  xxii. 

The  Black  Pigeons,  one  of  which 
gave  the  responses  in  the  temple  of  Am- 
nion, and  the  other  in  Dodona. — Classio 
Story. 

The  Bulbul-Hezab,  which  had  not 
only  human  speech,  but  was  oracular  also. 
— Arabian  Nights  ("The  Two  Sisters"). 

Comkadk,  Fortunio's  horse,  spoke  with 
the  voice  of  a  man. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy, 
Fairy  Tales  ("  Fortunio  "). 

3  z 


VOITUKK. 


1074 


VOLUSPA  SAGA. 


The  little  Green  Bird,  which  Fairstar 
obtained  possession  of,  not  only  an- 
swered in  words  any  questions  asked  it, 
but  was  also  prophetic  and  oracular. — 
Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tales  ("  Chery 
acd  Fairstar"). 

KatmIr,  the  dog  of  the  Seven  Sleepers, 
Bpoke  Greek. — Al  Koran,  xviii. 

Saeeh's  Camel  used  to  go  about 
crying,  in  good  Arabic,  "  Ho  !  everyone 
that  wanteth  milk,  let  him  come,  and  I 
will  give  it  him." — Sale,  Al  Koran,  vii. 
(notes). 

The  Serpent  which  tempted  Eve  to  eat 
of  the  forbidden  fruit. — Gen.  iii. 

Tbhliha,  the  king  of  serpents,  had  the 
gift  of  human  speech. — Conitc  de  Caylas, 
Oriental  Tales  ("  History  of  Aboutaleb"). 

Xanthos,  one  of  the  horses  of  Achillas, 
announced  to  the  hero,  in  good  Greek,  his 
approaching  death. — Classic  Fablt . 

Voiture  (2  syl.),  a  French  poet, 
idolized  by  his  contemporaries  in  the 
reign  of  Louis  XIV..  but  now  only 
known  by  name  (I.r>08-1G48;. 

E'en  rivnl  wits  did  Vulture's  riV-iUi  deplore. 

And  the  gay  mourned,  who  never  mourned  before; 

Tin-  truest  lu-arta  fur  VoHUN  beared  with  sij;li»  ; 
Voiture  was  wept  by  nil  Uie  bright! 

t'o|w.  HjiUle  to  MUt  Mount  (1715). 

Voland  (Squire),  the  devil.  (Ger- 
man, Junker  Yotaiul.) 

Volan'te  (8  syl.),  one  of  the  three 
daughters  of  Balthazar.  Lively,  witty, 
elinrj)  as  a  needle,  and  high-spirited. 
Sli"  loves  the  count  Montalban  ;  but 
when  the  count  disguises  himself  as  a 
father  confessor,  in  order  to  sound  her  love 
for  him,  she  sees  the  trick  in  a  moment, 
and  says  to  him,  "Come,  count,  pull  off 
your  linn's  hide,  and  confess  yourself  an 
ass."  Subsequently,  all  ends  happily  and 
well. — J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon  (180-1). 

Volet'ta,  Free-will  personified. 

Voletta, 

Whom  neither  man,  nor  fiend,  nor  God  constrain'. 
I'hineaj  Fletcher.  The  I'vrfle  l'lami,  rl.  (lltM). 

Volksmtihrehen  {"poputarta 
in  German,  the  besl  exponents  being  I.ud- 
wig  Tieck  (1773-I8.r>3),  Muslins  (l7;;.r>- 
1787),  Del*  llotteFouqm  (seel  rtdihe), 
Chamisso  (see  SCHLBMIHL,  Pbteb), 
Wilhelm  Hauff  (1802-1827),  Aehim  von 
Arnim  (1781  1831),  Clemens  lirentano 
(1777-1842),  Zsohokke  1771-  L848),Hoff- 
mann(1776  l822),Gusta\  Freytag"The 
German  DiokenB"  (1816-1878),  and  the 
brothers  Grimm. 

Vol'pone     (2    syl.)    or    Tin:    FOX,    B 
comudy  by  Hen  Jonson  (1805).  Volpone,a 


rich  Venetian  nobleman,  without  children, 
feigns  to  be  dying,  in  order  to  draw  gifts 
from  those  who  pay  court  to  him  under 
the  expectation  of  becoming  hi3  heirs. 
Mosca,  his  knavish  confederate,  persuades 
each  in  turn  that  he  is  named  for  the 
inheritance,  and  by  this  means  exacts 
many  a  costly  present.  At  the  end,  Vol- 
pone  is  betrayed,  his  property  forfeited, 
and  he  is  sentenced  to  he  in  the  worst 
hospital  in  all  Venice. 

Jonson  has  three  great  comedies:  Fo'pene.  or  The  Fox, 
Ffiicene  or  the  Silent  ir»i»m,  and  The  Alchemitt. — H. 
Chambers,  Fngluh  Literature.  I.  1V2. 

Volscius  (Prince),  a  military  hero, 
who  falls  in  love  with  the  fair  Par- 
thenSpo,  and  disputes  with  prince  Pretty- 
man  upon  the  superiority  of  his  sweet- 
heart to  Cloris,  whom  prince  Prettyman 
Bighs  for. — Duke  of  Buckingham,  Tito 
Rehearsal  (1671). 

Why.  this  is  worse  than  prince  Volscius  In  lore  1 — Sir 
w.  Boott. 

Oh,  be  merry,  by  all  means.  Prince  Volscius  In  lore  I 
Ha,  ha,  ha  !— W.  Congrere.  The  Double  Dealer  (16W). 

Volsunga  Saga  ( The),  a  collection 
of  tales  in  verse  about  the  early  Teutonic 
heroes,  compiled  by  Stemund  Sigfnsson 
in  the  eleventh  century.  A  prose  version 
was  made  some  200  years  later  by  Snorro 
Stnrleson.  Tins  Bags,  forms  a  part  of 
the  Rhythmical  or  Elder  Edda  and  of  the 
Trose  or  Yuunjer  Edda. 

Voltaire  (T/ie  German),  Johann 
Wolfgang  von  Goethe  (1749-1888). 

( ihrutoph  M.'irtin  \Yieland  is  also  called 
"The  German  Voltaire"  (1733-1813). 

Voltaire  (  77m;  Polish),  Ignatius  Krasicki 
(1771  1801). 

Vultaire  (The Russian),  Alex.  P.  Sumo- 
rokof  (1727-1777). 

Vol'timand,  a  courtier  in  the  court 
of  Claudius  king  of  Denmark. — Shake- 
speare, Hamlet  (159C). 

Volumnia  was  the  wife  of  Coriolanus, 
and  Vetu'ria  his  mother  ;  but  Shaki-poire 
makes  Virgilia  the  wife,  and  Volumnia 
the  mother. — Coriolanus  (1610). 

The  old  man's  merriment  In  Menenlus ;  the  lofty  lady's 

dignity  in  Volumnia;  the  bridal  modMtj  hi  Virgilia;  the 

patrician   and    military   haughtiness   in   Coriolanus;  the 

mUuiiity  and   tribunitian  Insolence  In  Brutus 

iv  make  a  rery  pleasing  and  lutoreeUng  variety. 

—  I  t.  Johnson. 

Voluspa  Saga  ( Tin ),  the  prophecy 
of  Viil.i.  It  contains  between  200  and 
300  verses,  and  resembles  the  Sibylline 
books  of  ancient  Home.  The  I 
Bag*  gives,  in  verse,  a  description  of 
chaos,  the  formation   of  the  world,    the 


VORST. 


1075 


VULCAN'S  BADGE. 


creation  of  all  animals  (including  dwarfs 
and  giants,  genii  and  devils,  fairies  and 
goblins),  the  final  conflagration  of  the 
world,  and  its  renewal,  when  it  will 
appear  in  celestial  beauty,  like  the  new 
Jerusalem  described  in  the  book  of  the 
Revelation. 

Vorst  (Peter kin),  the  sleeping  sentinel 
at  Powys  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Be- 
trothed (time,  Henry  II.). 

Vortigern,  consul  of  the  Gewisseans, 
who  crowned  Constans  king  of  Britain, 
although  he  was  a  monk,  but  treach- 
erously contrived  to  get  him  assassinated 
afterwards,  and  then  usurped  the  crown. 
He  married  Rowen'a  daughter  of  Hen- 
gist,  and  was  burnt  to  death  in  a  tower 
set  on  fire  during  a  siege  by  Ambrosius. — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  vi.  6;  viii.  1 
(1142). 

Vortigern,  a  drama  put  forward  by 
Henry  W.  Ireland  (1796)  as  a  newly  dis- 
covered play  by  Shakespeare.  It  was 
brought  out  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre  by 
John  Kemble.  Dr.  Parr  declared  it  to 
be  his  opinion  that  the  play  was  genuine. 

Mrs.  Siddons,  writing  to  Mrs.  Piozzi,  says :  "All sensible 
persons  are  convinced  that  Vortigern  is  a  most  audacious 
imposture.  If  not,  I  can  only  say  that  Shakespeare's 
writings  are  more  unequal  than  those  of  any  other  man  " 
(Anril  2,  1796).— Fitzgerald,  Lives  o/  the  Kembies,  i.  338. 

Vortigern     and    Hengist.    The 

account  of  the  massacre  of  the  Long- 
Knives,  given  by  Geoffrey,  in  his  British 
History,  vi.  15,  differs  greatly  from  that 
of  the  Welsh  Triads  (see  Stonehkngk  a 
Tkophy,  p.  947).  Geoffrey  says  that 
Hengist  came  over  with  a  large  army,  at 
which  king  Vortigern  was  alarmed.  To 
allay  this  suspicion,  Hengist  promised  to 
Bend  back  all  the  men  that  the  king  did 
not  require,  and  begged  Vortigern  to 
meet  him  in  conference  at  Ambrius  (Am- 
bresbury),  on  May-day.  Hengist,  in  the 
mean  time,  secretly  armed  a  number  of 
his  soldiers  with  "long  knives,"  and  told 
them  to  fall  on  the  Britons  during  the 
conference,  when  he  uttered  the  words, 
"  Nemet  oure  Saxas."  This  they  did, 
and  460  "barons  and  consuls"  fell.  It 
does  not  appear  from  this  narrative  that 
the  slaughter  was  due  "to  the  treachery 
of  Vortigern,"  but  was  wholly  the  work 
of  Hengist.  Geoffrey  calls  the  earl  of 
Gloucester  "  Eldol,"  and  not  "  Eidiol." 

Vor'tigern's  Tower,  like  Penel'- 
ope's  web,  is  a  work  ever  beginning  and 
never  ending.  Vortigern  was  told  by  his 
magicians  to  build  a  strong  tower  for  his 
own  security ;  so  he  commanded  his  work- 


men to  build  one  on  mount  Krir,  but 
whatever  they  built  one  day  was  wholly 
swallowed  up  by  the  eartli  during  the 
night.— Geoffrey,  British  History,  vi.  17 
(1142). 

"Vos  non  Vobis.  The  tale  is  that 
Virgil  wrote  an  epigram  on  Augustus 
Caesar,  which  so  much  pleased  the  em- 
peror that  he  desired  to  know  who  was 
the  author.  As  Virgil  did  not  claim  the 
lines,  one  Bathyllus  declared  they  were 
his.  This  displeased  Virgil,  and  he  wrote 
these  four  words,  Sic  vos  non  vobis  .  .  . 
four  times  as  the  commencement  of  four 
lines,  and  Bathyllus  was  requested  to 
finish  them.  This  he  could  not  do,  but 
Virgil  completed  the  lines  thus : 

Sic  vos  non  vobis  nidificatis  aves  ; 

Sic  vos  non  vobis  villera  fertis  oves ; 
Sic  vos  non  vobis  mellineatis  apes  ; 
Sic  vos  non  vobis  fertis  aratra  bo?e». 
Not  for  yourselves  your  nests  ye  song-birds  build; 

Not  for  yourselves  yc  sheep  your  fleeces  bear  • 
Not  for  yourselves  your  hives  je  bees  have  filled; 
Not  for  yourselves  ye  oxen  draw  the  share. 

Vox  et  prseterea  Nihil.  A  Spar- 
tan, pulling  a  nightingale,  and  finding 
only    a    very    small     body,    exclaimed, 

*u>v«  ti/  tic  haa\,  Ka't  oii&tv  n\\o  ("  Voice   art 

thou,    and  nothing    more  "). — Plutarch, 
Apophthegmata  Laconica. 

Vran  (Bendigeid,  i.e.  "Blessed  "),  king 
of  Britain  and  father  of  Caradawc  (G't- 
ractacus).  He  was  called  "Blessed" 
because  he  introduced  Christianity  into 
this  island.  Vran  had  shared  the  cap- 
tivity of  his  son,  and  had  learned  the 
Christian  faith  during  his  seven  years' 
detention  in  Rome. 

Vran  or  Bran  the  Blessed,  son  of  Llyr,  first  brought  tha 
faith  of  Christ  to  the  nation  of  the  Cymry  from  Koine, 
where  he  was  seven  years  a  hostage  for  his  sou  Caradawc, 
whom  the  Romans  made  prisoner  through  craft  and  tha 
treachery  of  Aregwedd  i'oeddawg  [c'urfMmunJuuJ. — 
»'«ia»  Triads,  xxxv. 

Vran's  Caldron  restored  to  life 
whoever  was  put  therein,  but  the  re- 
vivified never  recovered  speech.  (See 
Medea's  Kettle,  p.  627.) 

"I  will  give  thee,"  said  Bendigeid  Vran,  "a  caldrot\ 
the  property  of  which  is  that  if  one  of  thy  men  bo  slain 
today,  and  be  cast  therein  to-morrow,  he  will  be  as  well 
BB  In:  w:ls  at  the  best,  except  that  he  will  not  regain  hU 
speech." — The  Alabinoyiun  ("  Branwen,"  etc.,  twelfth 
century). 

Vrience  {King),  one  of  the  knights 
of  the  Round  Table.  He  married  Morgan 
le  Fay,  half-sister  of  king  Arth-r. — Sir 
T.  Malory,  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
(1470). 

Vulcan's  Badge,  the  badge  o« 
cuckoldom.  Vulcan  was  the  husband  of 
Venus,  with  whom  Mars  intrigued. 


VULNERABLE  PARTS. 


1076 


WADE. 


We  know 
Better  than  he  have  worn  Vulcan's  badge, 
ff)  Shakespeare,  Titm  Andronicut,  act  ii.  sc.  1  (1593). 

Vulnerable  Parts. 

Achilles  was  vulnerable  only  in  the 
heel.  When  his  mother  Thetis  dipped 
him  in  the  river  Styx,  she  held  him  by 
the  heel,  and  the  water  did  not  touch  this 
part. — A  Post-Hoincric  Story. 

Ajax,  son  of  Telamon,  could  be 
wounded  only  behind  the  neck  ;  some  say 
only  in  one  spot  of  the  breast.  As  soon 
b,s  he  was  born,  Alcides  covered  him  with 
a  lion's  skin,  which  rendered  the  whole 
body  invulnerable,  except  in  a  part  where 
the  skin  had  been  pierced  by  Hercules. 

AnTjBos  was  wholly  charmed  against 
death  so  long  as  he  touched  the  earth. — 
Lucan,  Pharsalia,  iv. 

Fekkacute  (3  syt.)  was  only  vulner- 
able in  the  naval. — Turpin,  Chronicle  of 
Charlemagne. 

He  is  ca!led  Ferrau,  son  of  Landfusa, 
by  Ariosto,  in  his  Orlando  Furioso. 

Megissogwok  was  only  vulnerable  at 

one  tuft  of  hair  on  his  head.     A    w 1- 

pecker  revealed  the  secret  to  Hiawatha, 
vho  struck  him  there  and  killed  him. — 
Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  ix. 

Ouillo  was  impervious  to  death  unless 
one  particular  hair  was  cut  off  ;  wherefore 
Astolpho,  when  he  encountered  the  robber, 
only  sought  to  cut  off  this  magic  hair. — 
Ariosto,  Orlando  Furioso. 

OitLAKDO  was  invulnerable  except  in 
the  sole  of  his  foot,  and  even  there  nothing 
could  injure  him  except  the  prick  of  a 
pin. — Italian  Classic  Fable. 

Siegfried  was  invulnerable  except 
in  one  spot  between  the  shoulders,  on 
which  a  leaf  stuck  when  he  dipped  his 
bodv  in  dragon's  blood. — The  Nibelumjcn 
Lied. 

%*  The  Promethean  unguent  rendered 
the  body  proof  against  fire  and  wounds 
of  any  sort.  Medea  gave  Jason  some  of 
this  unguent. — Classic  Story. 

Vulture  (The  Black),  emblem  of  the 
ancient  Turk,  as  the  crescent  is  of  the 
modern  Ottoman  empire. 

Ami  that  black  vulture,  which  with  dreadful  wing 
O'erohadowi  hall  Hie  enrtli,  whose  dismal  sight 

Frightened  the  Muses  from  their  native  spring, 
Already  ■toons,  and  Bag!  «iih  wear)' wing. 

rhlneas  Fletcher,  The  furjje  Jtland,  vii.  (1633). 

Vulture  Hopkins.  John  Hopkins 
was  so  called  from  his  rapacious  mode  of 
acquiring  money.  He  was  the  architect 
of  his  own  fortune,  and  died  worth 
£300,000  (in  1732). 


%*  Pope  refers  to  John  Hopkins  in  the 
lines : 

When  Hopkins  dies,  a  thousand  lights  attend 
The  wretch  who,  living,  saved  a  candle  end. 


w. 

"Wabster  (Michael),  a  citizen  * 
Perth.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Terth 
(time,  Henry  IV.). 

Wabun,  son  of  Mudjekeewis ;  the 
Indian  Apollo.  He  chases  darkness  over 
hill  and  dale  with  his  arrows,  wakes  man, 
and  brings  the  morning.  He  married 
Wabun- Annung,  who  was  taken  to  heaven 
at  death,  and  became  the  morning  star. 
— Longfellow,  Hiawatha  (1855). 

Wabun  -  Annung,  the  morning 
star,  a  country  maiden  who  married 
Wabun  the  Indian  Apollo. — Longfellow, 
Hiawatha  (LS55). 

"Waekbairn  (Mr.),  the  schoolmaster 
at  Libberton. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of 
Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

"Wackles  (Mrs.  and  the  Misses),  of 
Chelsea,  keepers  of  a  "  Ladies'  Seminary." 
English  grammar,  composition,  geo- 
graphy, and  the  use  of  dumb-bells,  by 
Miss  Melissa  Wackles;  writing,  arith- 
metic, dancing,  music,  and  general  fasci- 
nation, by  Miss  Sophy  Wackles  ;  needle- 
work, marking,  and  samplery,  by  Miss 
Jane  Wackles  ;  corporal  punishment  and 
domestic  duties  by  Mrs.  Wackles.  Miss 
Sophy  was  a  fresh,  good-natured,  buxom 
girl  of  20,  who  owned  to  a  soft  impeach- 
ment for  Mr.  Swiveller,  but  as  he  held 
back,  she  married  Mr.  Cheggs,  a  well-to- 
do  market  gardener. — C.  Dickens,  T/i* 
Old  Curiosity  Shop,  viii.  (1840). 

Wade  (Miss),  a  handsome  young 
woman,  brought  up  by  her  grandmother, 
with  a  small  independence.  She  looked 
at  every  act  of  kindness,  benevolence, 
and  charity  with  a  jaundiced  eye,  and 
attributed  it  to  a  vile  motive.  Her 
manner  was  suspicious,  self -secluded, 
and  repellent ;  her  temper  proud,  fiery, 
and  unsympathetic.  Twice  she  loved — in 
one  case  she  jilted  her  lover,  in  the 
other  she  was  herself  jilted.  The  latte? 
was  Henry  Go  wan,  who  married  Pet  the 
daughter  of  Mr.   M  eagles,   and   in  con. 


WADMAN. 


1077 


WALBECK. 


eqnence  of  this  marriage,  Miss  Wade 
bated  Gowan,   his  wife,   the  Mea 

and  all  their  friends.  She  enticed  Tatty- 
coram  away  from  Mr.  ofeagles,  and  the 
two  beautiful  young  women  lived  to- 
gether for  a  time,  nursing  their  hatred  of 
man  to  keep  it  warm. — C.  Dickens,  Little 
JJurrit,  ii.  21  (1867). 

Wadrnan  (Widow),  a  comely  widow, 
wlio  would  full  fain  secure  uncle  Toby 
for  her  second  husband.  Amongst  other 
wiles,  she  pretends  to  have  something  in 
her  eye,  and  pets  uncle  Toby  to  look  for 
it.  As  the  kind-hearted  hero  of  Namor 
does  so,  the  gentle  widow  gradually 
places  her  face  nearer  and  nearer  the 
captain's  mouth,  under  the  hope  that  he 
will  kiss  and  propose. — Sterne,  The  Life 
and  Opinions  of  Tristram  Shandy  (1759). 

Wa'gemin  (3  syl.),  the  cry  of  the 
young  lads  and  lasses  of  the  North 
American  tribes,  when  in  harvesting  they 
light  upon  a  crooked  and  mildewed  ear 
of  maize,  emblematic  of  old  age. 

And  whene'er  a  youth  or  maiden 
Found  :i  crooked  ear  in  husking.  .  .  . 
Blighted,  mildewed,  or  misshapen, 
Then  they  laughed  and  sang  together, 
Crept  and  limped  about  the  torn  fields 
Mimicked  In  their  unit  and  squires 
Some  old  man  bent  almost  double, 
Singing  singly  or  together, 

"  W  agendo.  Die  thief  of  Dom-flelds  1" 

Longfellow,  Hiawatha,  xiil.  (1S55). 

Wagner,  the  faithful  servant  and 
constant  companion  of  Faust,  in  Mar- 
lowe's drama  called  'The  Life  and  Death 
of  I>r.  Faust  us  ( 1 589)  ;  in  Goethe's  Faust 
(German,  1798)  ;  and  in  Gounod's  opera 
of  Faust  (1859). 

Warner  is  a  type  of  the  pedant  He  sacrifices  himself  to 
books  as  Faust  docs  to  knowledge  .  .  .  the  dust  of  follofl 
is  his  clement,  parchment  the  source  of  his  Inspiration, 
...  He  is  one  of  those  who,  in  the  presence  of  Niagara, 
would  vex  you  with  questions  about  arrow-headed  In- 
scriptions ...  or  the  origin  of  the  IVIx-gi—  Lcwee. 

Wa'hela,  Lot's  wife,  who  was  con- 
federate with  the  men  of  Sodom,  and  gave 
them  notice  when  a  stranger  came  to  visit 
her  husband.  Her  siirn  was  smoke  by  day 
and  fire  by  night.  Wahela  was  turned  into 
a  pillar  of  salt. — Jallalo'ddin,  Al  Zamakh. 

Wa'ila  (3  syl.),  wife  of  Noah,  who 
told  the  people  her  husband  was  dis- 
traught. 

The  wife  of  Noah  rir.)H.i]  and  the  wife  of  Lot  [Ifd- 
tui.il  wore  both  unbeliever!,  .  .  .  and   it  shall    lie  said 
1   onto  them  at  Uic  last  day,  "  Enter  ye  into  hell  fire,  wiUi 
those  who  enter  therein." — Al  A'onln,  IxvL 

Wainamoi'nen,  the  Orpheus  of 
Finnish  mythology.  His  magic  harp 
performed  similar  wonders  to  that  of 
Orpheus  (2  syl.).  It  was  made  of  the 
bones  of   a   pike  ;   that  of   Orplusus  was 


of  tortoiseshell.  The  "  beloved  "  of 
Wainamoinen  was  a  treasure  called  Sam- 
jio,  which  was  lost  as  the  poet  reached 
the  verge  of  the  realms  of  darkness  ;  the 
"beloved"   of  Orpheus   waa   Btuyd'ied, 

who  waa  lofll  just  as  the  poet  reached  the 
confines  of  earth,  after  his  descent  intc 
hell. 

%*  Sec  Kalewala,  Rune,  xxii.  It  is 
very  beautiful.  An  extract  is  driven  in 
Baring  Gould's  Myths  of  the  Middle  Ajes, 
440— 11 1. 

Waistcoat  {The  31.  If.),  the  clerical 

waistcoat.  M.  H.  mean;  "Mark  [ 
Beast."  These  waistcoats  are  so  called 
because  they  were  first  worn  (in  the 
middle  of  the  nineteenth  century)  by 
clergymen  who  were  supposed  to  have 
popish  tendencies. 

Waitwell,  the  lackey  of  Edward 
Mirabell,  and  husband  of  Foible  gover- 
nante  of  the  household  of  lady  WishforU 
By  his  master's  request,  Waitwell  perso- 
nates sir  Roland,  and  makes  love  to  lady 
Wishfort,  but  the  trick  is  discovered 
before  much  mischief  is  done. — YV.  Con- 
greve,  The  Way  of  the  World  (1700). 

Wakefield  (Harry),  the  English 
drover  killed  by  Robin  Oig. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Two  Drovers  (time,  George 
III.). 

Wakeman  (Sir  George),  physiciac 

to  Henrietta  Maria  queen  of  Charles  I. — 
Sir  YV.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 

Walbeck  (Perkin)  assumed  himself 
to  be  Richard  duke  of  York,  the  younger 
son  of  Edward  IV.,  supposed  to  be  mur- 
dered by  order  of  Richard  III.  in  the 
Tower.  " 

Parallel  Instances.  The  youngest  son 
of  Ivan  IV.  of  Russia  was  named  l>i- 
mitri,  i.e.  Demetrius.  He  was  born  in 
1581,  and  was  mysteriously  assassinated 
in  1591,  some  say  by  Godounov  the  suc- 
cessor to  the  throne.  Several  impostors 
assumed  to  be  Dimitri,  the  most  remark- 
able appeared  in  Poland  in  1608,  who 
was  recognized  as  czar  in  1005,  but 
perished  the  year  following. 

Marl  in  Guerre,  in  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, left  his  wife,  to  whom  he  had  been 
married  ten  years,  to  join  the  army 
in  Spain.  In  the  eighth  year  of  his 
absence,  one  Aniaud  du  Tilli  assumed  to 
be  Martin  Guerre,  and  was  received  by 
the  \\  ite  as  her  husband      For  three  vears 

lie  lived  with  her,  recorniaed  by  all  her 

friends  and   relations,    tut  the  return  of 


WALDECK. 


1078 


WALKING  STEWART. 


Martin  himself  dispelled  the  illusion, 
and  Arnaud  was  put  to  death. 

The  great  Tichborne  case  was  a  similar 
imposition.  One  Orton  assumed  to  be  sir 
Roger  Tichborne,  and  was  even  acknow- 
ledged to  be  so  by  sir  Roger's  mother ; 
but  after  a  long  and  patient  trial  it  was 
yiroved  that  the  claimant  of  the  Tichborne 
estates  was  no  other  than  one  Orton  of 
Wapping. 

In  German  history,  Jakob  Rehback,  a 
miller's  man,  assumed,  in  1345,  to  be  Wal- 
demar,  an  Ascanier  margraf.  Jakob  was 
a  menial  in  the  service  of  the  margraf. 

"Waldeck  {Martin),  the  miner,  and 
hero  of  a  story  read  by  Lovel  to  a  picnic 
party  at  the  ruins  of  St.  Ruth's  Priory. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie  Antiquary  (time, 
George  III.). 

Walde'grave  (2  syl.),  leader  of  the 
British  forces,  which  joined  the  Hurons 
in  extirpating  the  Snake  Indians,  but  he 
fell  in  the  fray  (pt.  i.  18). 

Julia  Walaegrave,  wife  of  the  above. 
She  was  bound  to  a  tree  with  her  child 
by  some  of  the  Indians  during  the  attack. 
Outalissi,  a  Snake  Indian,  unbound  them, 
took  them  home,  and  took  care  of  them  ; 
but  the  mother  died.  Her  last  request 
was  that  Outalissi  would  earn-  her  child 
to  Albert  of  Wy'oming,  her  friend,  and 
beg  him  to  take  charge  of  it. 

Henry  Waldegrave,  the  boy  brought  by 
Outalissi  to  Albert.  After  staying  at 
Wyoming  for  three  years,  his  English 
friends  sent  for  him  (he  was  then  12 
years  old).  When  grown  to  manhood, 
he  returned  to  Wyoming,  and  was  mar- 
ried to  Gertrude  ;  but  three  months  after- 
wards Outalissi  appeared,  and  told  them 
that  Brandt  was  coming  with  his  English 
soldiers  to  destroy  the  village.  Both 
Albert  and  Gertrude  were  shot  in  the 
attack  ;  and  Henry  joined  the  army  of 
Washington. — Campbell,  Gertrude  of 
Wyoming  (1809). 

%*  Campbell  accents  Wyoming  on  the 
first  syllable,  but  the  accent  is  generally 
thrown  on  the  second. 

Waldemar  Fitzurse  (Lord),  a 
baron  following  prince  John  of  Anjou 
(brother  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion). — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Ivanhoc  (time,  Richard  I.). 

"Waldstetten.  (TJte  countess  of),  a 
relative  of  the  baron.  He  is  one  of  the 
characters  in  Donnerhugel's  narrative. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein  (time, 
Edward  IV.). 

Wales.      Geoffrey    says,    after    the 


famine  and  pestilence  which  drove  Cad- 
wallader  into  Armorica  (Bretagne),  the 
people  were  no  longer  called  Britons  but 
Gualenses,  a  word  derived  either  from 
Gualo  their  leader,  or  Guales  their  queen, 
or  from  their  barbarism. — British  History, 
xii.  19  (1142). 

%•  Milner  says  the  Welsh  are  those 
driven  west  by  the  Teutonic  invaders 
and  called  Wilisc-men  ("strangers  or 
foreigners") ;  Corn-wall  was  called  "West 
Wales,"  and  subsequently  the  Corn  (Latin, 
cornu)  or  horn  held  by  the  Walls. — 
Geography. 

The  Saxon  wealh,  plu.  tcealhas  or  weal- 
as,  "foreigners,"  meaning  "not  of  Saxon 
origin,"  and  also  "slaves  or  subjugated 
men,"  is  the  correct  origin  of  the  word. 

Wales  (South).  At  one  time  the 
whole  eastern  division  of  South  Wales 
was  called  Gwent,  but  in  its  present  re- 
stricted sense  the  word  Gwent  is  applied 
to  the  county  of  Monmouth  only. 

Walk  (Knave)  is  meant  for  colonel 
Hewson,  generally  called  "  Walk, 
Knave,  Walk,"  from  a  tract  written  by 
Edmund  Gayton,  to  satirize  the  party, 
and  entitled  Walk,  Knaves,  Walk. — S. 
Butler,  Hudibras  (1663-78). 

Walker  (Dr.),  one  of  the  three  great 
quacks  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the 
others  being  Dr.  Rock  and  Dr.  Timothy 
Franks.  Goldsmith,  in  his  Citizen  of  the 
World,  has  a  letter  (lxviii.)  wholly  upon 
these  three  worthies  (1759). 

Walker  (Helen),  the  prototype  of  Jeanie 
Deans.  Sir  W.  Scott  caused  a  tombstone 
to  be  erected  over  her  grave  in  Irongra; 
churchyard,  Kirkcudbright  [Ke.koo'.bry 

Walker  (Hookey),  John  Walker,  out- 
door clerk  to  Longman,  Clementi,  and 
Co.,  Cheapside.  He  was  noted  for  his 
hooked  nose,  and  disliked  for  his  official 
duties,  which  were  to  see  that  the  men 
came  and  left  at  the  proper  hour,  and 
that  they  worked  during  the  hours  of 
work.  Of  course,  the  men  conspired  to 
throw  discredit  on  his  reports  ;  and  hence 
when  any  one  draws  the  "  long-bow,"  the 
hearer  exclaims,  "  Hookey  A\  alker !  "  a* 
much  as  to  say,  "  I  don't  believe  it." 

Walking  Gentleman  (A).  Thoma» 
Colley  Grattan  published  his  Highwayi 
and  Byeways  under  this  signature  (1825). 

Walking  Stewart,  John  Stewart, 
an  English  traveller,  who  walked  through 
Hindustan,  Persia,  Nubia,  Abyssinia,  the 
Arabian  Desert,  Europe,  and  the  North 


I 


WALKING-STICK. 


1079 


WALTIIAM'S  CALF. 


American  states;  "crazy  beyond  the  reach 
of  hellebore,  yet  sublime  and  divinely  be- 
nignant. ...  lie  had  seen  more  of  the 
earth's  surface,  and  had  communicated 

more  with  the  children  of  the  earth,  than 
anv  man  before  or  since." — De  Quincey 
(1856). 

Walking-Stick    {Henry     VIIL'a), 

the  great  Danish  club  shown  in  the 
armoury  of  the  Tower. 

Walkingshaw  (Afiss),  mistress  of 
the  chevalier  Charles  Edward  the  Young 
Pretender.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Jlcdjauntlet 
(time,  George  III.). 

"Wallace's  Larder,  the  dungeon  of 
Ardrossan,  in  Ayrshire,  where  Wallace 
had  the  dead  bodies  thrown  when  the 
garrison  was  surprised  by  hini  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I. 

"Douglas's  Larder"  is  a  similar  phrase, 
meaning  that  horrible  compound  of  dead 
bodies,  barrels  of  flour,  meal,  wheat, 
malt,  wine,  ale,  and  hcer,  all  mixed 
together  in  Douglas  Castle  by  the  order 
of  lord  James  Douglas,  when,  in  1300,  the 
yarrison  was  surprised  by  him. 

"Wallenrode  (The  earl  of),  an  Hun- 
garian crusader.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

"Waller,  in  love  with  Lydia  lady's- 
maid  to  Widow  Green.  His  love  at  iirst 
was  not  honourable,  because  his  aristo- 
cratic pride  revolted  at  the  inferior  social 
position  of  Lydia  ;  but  when  he  knew 
her  real  worth,  he  loved  her,  proposed 
marriage,  and  found  that  she  was  the 
sister  of  Trucworth,  who  had  taken 
service  to  avoid  an  obnoxious  marriage. 
— S.  Knowles,  The  Love-Chase  (1837). 

"Waller's  Plot,  a  plot  organized,  in 
1643,  by  Waller  the  poet,  against  the 
parliamentary  party.  The  object  was  to 
Becure  the  king's  children,  to  seize  the 
most  eminent  of  the  parliamentarians,  to 
capture  the  Tower,  and  resist  all  taxes 
imposed  for  the  support  of  the  parlia- 
mentary army. 

"WaLley  (Richard),  the  regicide,  whose 
■tory  is  told  by  major  Bndgenorth  (a 
roundhead)  at  his  dinner-table. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fcvcril  of  the  Teak  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

"Wallflowers,  young  ladies  in  a  ball- 
room, who  have  no  partners,  and  who  sit 
or  stand  near  the  walls  of  the  ball-room. 

Walnut  Tree.  Fuller  says:  "A 
walnut  tree  must  be  manured  by  beating, 


or  else  it  will  not  l>ear  fruit."  FalstafT 
makes  a  similar  remark  on  the  camo- 
mile plant,  "The  more  it  is  trodden  OIL 
the  faster  it  grows."  The  almond  anc 
some  other  plants  are  said  to  thrive  bv 
being  bruised. 

A  woman,  a  si«o,niel,  and  walnut  tree, 

The  more  you  beat  them,  the  tetter  they  be. 

Tajlor,  the  "water-poet"  (1630). 

Walnut  Web.  When  the  thre« 
princes  of  a  certain  king  were  sent  to  find 
out  "a  web  of  cloth  which  would  pass 
through  the  eye  of  a  fine  needle,"  the 
White  Cat  furnished  the  youngest  of  the 
three  with  one  spun  by  the  cats  of  her 
palace. 

The  prince  .  .  .  took  out  of  his  box  n  walnut,  wldrh  he 
cracked  .  .  .  ami  saw  a  small  hud  nut,  which  he  cracked 
also  .  .  .  and  found  therein  a  kernel  of  wax.  ...  In  thi» 
kernel  of  wax  was  hidden  a  single  CTain  of  wheat,  and  ir. 
the  srain  a  small  millet  seed.  .  .  .  On  opening  the  millet, 
ho  drew  out  a  web  of  cloUi  400  yard*  long,  and  in  It  wa» 
woven  all  sorts  of  birds,  beasts,  anil  Babel  ;  fruits  and 
flowors  ;  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars  ;  the  portrait!  of  kings 
and  iiueens.aod  many  other  wonderful  designs, — Comte&sa 
D'Aunoy,  fairy  Tola  ("The  White  Cat,"  lGSl'). 

Walsingham,  the  affianced  of  Helen 
Mowbray.     Deceived  by  appearances,  he 

believed  that  Helen  was  the  mistress  of 
lord  Athunrce,  and  abandoned  her  ;  but 
when  lie  discovered  his  mistake,  he  mar- 
ried her. — S.  Knowles,  Woman's  Wit, 
etc.  (1838). 

Walsingham  (Lord),  of  queen  Eliza- 
beth's court. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilwortn 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Walter,  marquis  of  Saluzzo,  in  Italy, 
and  husband  of  Grisilda,  the  peasant's 
daughter  (^.t;.). —  Chaucer,  Canterbury 
Talcs  ("The  Clerk's  Tale,"  18 

*«,*  This  tale,  of  course,  is  allegorical ; 
lord  Walter  takes  the  place  of  deity,  and 
Grisilda  typifies  the  true  Christian.  In 
all  her  privations,  in  all  her  sorrows,  in 
all  her  trials,  she  says  to  her  lord  and 
master,  "Thy  will  be  done." 

Walter  (Master),  "the  hunchback," 
guardian  of  Julia.  A  worthy  man,  liberal 
and  charitable,  frank  and  honest,  who 
turns  out  to  be  the  earl  of  Rochdale  and 
father  of  Julia. — S.  Knowles,  T/w  Hunch- 
back (1831). 

Walter  [Furst],  father-in-law  of 
Tell.  —  Rossini,  Oujlu-lmo  Tell  (opera, 
1829). 

Waltham's  Calf  (As  trise  as),  a 
thorough  fool.  This  calf,  it  is  said,  ran 
nine  miles  when  it  waa  hungry  to  get 
suckled  by  a  bull. 

Doctor  Dnnpa'lus.  Rachler  bachelpra'tua. 
Drunken  .»-,  a  moiuw  At  Uio.di  -iiuuaa  .  .  . 


WALTIIEOF. 


1080 


WANDERING  WOOD. 


Voder  a  notaries  item-  Wan  made  a  diulne  ; 
As  wise  as  Waltom's  calf. 
John  Skelton,  Volyn  Clout  (time,  Hwiry  VIII.). 

Waltheof  {The  abbot),  abbot  of  St. 
Withold's  Prion.-. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 

Waltheof  {Father),  a  prey  friar,  con- 
fessor to  the  duchess  of  Rothesay. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  1'erth  (time, 
Henry  IV.). 

"Walton  {Lord),  father  of  Elvi'ra, 
who  promised  his  daughter  in  marriage 
to  sir  Richard  Forth,  a  puritan  officer  ; 
but  Elvira  had  already  plighted  her  love 
to  lord  Arthur  Talbot,  a  cavalier.  The 
betrothal  was  set  aside,  and  Elvira  mar- 
ried Arthur  Talbot  at  last. — liellini,  // 
J'uritani  (opera,  1834). 

Walton  {Sir  John  de),  governor  of 
Douglas  Castle.  —  Sir  W.  Scott,  Castle 
DangeroVt  (time,  Henry  I.). 

Wamba,  "the  son  of  Witless,"  the 
jester  of  Cedric  the  Saxon  of  Rothcr- 
wood. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time, 
Richard  I.). 

Wampum,  a  string  or  belt  of  whelk- 
fthellB,  current  with  the  North  American 
Indians  as  a  medium  of  exchange,  and 
always  sent  as  a  present  to  those  with 
whom  an  alliance  or  treaty  is  made. 

Peace  1*  U>  Ihro  I  my  words  this  belt  approve. 
Campbell,  ih-rlrude  o/  Wyoming,  1.  14  (1*W). 
Our  wampum  loague  thy  brethren  did  embrace. 

Ditto,  L  15. 

"Wanderers.  It  is  said  that  gipsies 
arc  doomed  to  be  wanderers  on  the  face 
of  t)i«'  earth,  because  they  refused  hospi- 
tality to  the.  Virgin  and  Child  when  the 
holy  family  tied  into  Egypt  (See  W'll.o 
Jli  nisman.) — Aventinus,  Annaliwn  Lui- 
orum,  libri  septan  (15o4). 

"Wandering  Jew  {The),  Kartaph'i- 
lo8  (in  Lathi Cu  taphilus),  the  door-keeper 
of  the  judgment  hull,  in  the  service  of 
Pontius  Pilate.  The  tradition  is  that 
this  potter,  while  haling  Jesus  before 
Pilate,  struck  Mini,  saying,  "Get  on 
faster  !  "  whereupon  Jesus  replied,  "  I 
am  going  fast  enough  ;  but  thou  shalt 
tarry  till  I  come  again." 

%*  The  earliest  account  of  this  tradi- 
tion is  in  the  Boot  of  the  Chronicles  of 
the  Abbey  of  St.  AUxm's,  copied  and  con- 
tinued by  Matthew  Paris  (1228).  In  1242 
Philip  Uouskes,  afterwards  bishop  of 
Tournay,  wrote  the  "  rhymed  ehronicle." 

Kartaphilos,  we  are  told,  was  baptized 
bv  Auauias,  who  baptized  Paul,  and  re- 


ceived the  name  of  Joseph. — See  Book  of 
t/tc  Chronicles  of  the  AMx-y  of  St.  Albaris. 

Another  tradition  says  the  Jew  was 
Ahasue'rus,  a  cobbler,  and  gives  the  story 
thus:  Jesus,  overcome  by  the  weight  of 
the  cross,  stopped  at  the  door  of  Ahasue- 
rus,  when  the  man  pushed  Him  away, 
saying,  "Be  off  with  vou ! "  Jesus  re- 
plied, "I  am  going  off  truly,  as  it  is 
written  ;  but  thou  shalt  tany  till  I  come 
again." 

*0*  This  legend  is  given  by  Paul  von 
Eitzen,  bishop  of  Schleswig,  in  lo47. — 
See  Grcve,  Memoirs  of  Paul  von  Eitzen, 
Hamburgh  (1744). 

In  Germany,  the  Wandering  Jew  is  as- 
sociated with  John  Buttadteus,  who  was 
seen  at  Antwerp  in  the  thirteenth,  fifteenth, 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  and  at  Brussels 
in  1774. 

%*  Leonard  Doldius  of  N  Urn  berg,  in 
his  Praxis  Alchymia  (1G04),  says  the  Jew 
Ahasuerus  is  sometimes  called  Buttadaeus. 

In  France,  the  name  given  to  the  Jew  is 
Isaac  Laqnedem  or  Lakedion. 

%*  See  Mitternacht,  Dissertatio  in 
Johan.,  xxi.  19. 

Salathiel  ben  Sadi  is  the  name  of  the 
Wandering  Jew  in  Croly's  novel  entitled 
Balathiei  (1827). 

Eugene  Sue  introduces  a  Wandering 
Jew  in  bis  novel  called  Le  Juif  Brrani 
(1845).  Gait  has  also  a  novel  called  The 
Wandering  Jew. 

Poeticai  versions  of  the  legend  have 
been  made  by  A.  W.  von  Schlegel,  Die 
Wdrnung }  by  Schubert,  AJuuuer;  by 
Goethe,  Au»  Meiiwin  Lebtn,  all  in  German. 
By  Mrs.  Norton,  The  Undying  One,  in 
English  ;  etc.  The  legend  is  based  on 
St.  John's  Gospel  xxi.  22.  "If  I  will 
that  Ac  tarry  till  I  come,  what  is  that  to 
thee?"  The  apostles  thought  the  words 
meant  that  John  would  not  die,  but  tra- 
dition has  applied  them  to  some  one  else. 

Wandering  Knight  {The),  El 
Donzel  del  Febo  ("  the  Knight  of  the 
Sun "),  is  so  called  in  the  Spanish  ro- 
mance entitled  The  Mirror  of  Knu/hthood. 

Eumen'edCs  is  so  called  in  Peele's  Old 
Whys'  Tale  (1590). 

"Wandering     "Willie,     the     blind 

fiddler,  who  tells  the  tale  about  sir  Robert 

Redgauntlet  and  his  son  sir  John. — Sir 

i,  Btdgauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Wandering"Wood.  which  contained 
the  den  of  Error.  Error  was  a  monster, 
like  a  woman  upwards,  but  ending  in  a 
huge  dragon's  tail  with  a  venomous  sting. 
The    tirst   encounter   of    the    Red    Cross 


WANTLEY. 


1081 


WARDLE. 


Knight  was  with  this  monster,  whom  he 
Blew. — Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  i.  1  (1590). 
%*  When  piety  (the  Re<l  Cross  Knight) 
once  forsakes  the  oneness  of  truth 
(  Una),  it  is  sure  to  pet  into  "  Wandering 
Wood,"  where  it  will  be  attacked  by 
"  ^rror." 

"Wantley  (Dragon  of),  a  monster 
slain  by  More  of  More  Hall,  who  procured 
a  suit  of  armour  studded  with  spikes, 
and,  proceeding  to  the  lair,  kicked  the 
dragon  in  its  mouth,  where  alone  it  was 
vulnerable. — Percy,  Meliques  of  Ancient 
Poetry. 

One  of  Carey's  farces  is  entitled  The 
Dragon  of  Wantley, 

Wapping  of  Denmark  (The), 
Elsinore  (3  syl.). 

War.  The  Seven  Weeks'  War  was 
between  Prussia  and  Austria  (1866). 

The  Seven  Months'  War  was  between 
Prussia  and  France  (1870-71). 

The  Seven  Years'  War  was  between 
Austria  and  Prussia  (1756-1763). 

The  Thirty  Years'  War  was  between 
the  protestants  and  papists  of  Germany 
(1618-1648). 

The  Hundred  Years'  War  was  between 
England  and  France  (1340-1453). 

"War-Cries.  At  Senlac  the  English 
had  two,  "  God  Almighty  !  "  and  "  Holy 
Cross  !  "  The  latter  was  probably  the 
cry  of  Harold's  men,  and  referred  to 
Waltham  Cross,  which  he  held  in  special 
reverence. 

The  Norman  shout  was  "God  help 
us ! " 

The  Welsh  war-cry  was  "  Alleluia !  " 

Loud,  sharp  shrieks  of  "  Alleluia  1 "  blended  with  those 
of  "  Out  I  Out  1  Holy  Crosse  1  "—Lord  Lytton,  Harold. 

***  "  Ouct !  Ouct !  "  was  the  cry  in 
full  flight,  meaning  that  the  standards 
were  to  be  defended  with  closed  shields. 

The  old  Spanish  war-cry  was  "  St. 
Iago !  and  close,  Spain  !  " 

Mount,  chivalrous  hidalgo ;  not  in  vain 
Kevive  the  cry,  "  St.  Iago  I  and  close,  Spain  I " 

Byron,  Age  of  Bronze,  vii.  (1821). 

%*  Cervantes  says  the  cry  was  "  St. 
Iago  !  charge,  Spain  !  " 

Mr.  Bachelor,  there  is  a  time  to  retreat  as  well  as  to 
nlvauri'.  The  cry  must  always  be,  "St.  Iagol  charge, 
%ain  1  "—Don  tiuUote,  II.  i.  4  (1615). 

In  the  battle  of  Pharsalia,  the  war-cry 
of  Pompey's  army  was  "  Herculrs  In- 
victus  !  "  and  of  Caesar's  army,  "  Venus 
Vietrix !  " 

"War  of  Wartburg,  a  poetic  con- 
teet  at  Wartburg  Castle,  in  which  Vogcl- 

46 


weid    triumphed     over     Heinrich     YOtt 
Ofterdingen. 

They  renewed  the  war  of  Wartburg, 
Which  the  bard  bad  fought  before. 
Longfellow,  WiiJCer  von  der  Vogelwoid. 

Ward  (Artcmus),  Charles  F.  Brown* 
of  America,  author  of  His  Book  of  Qoakt 
(1865).     He  died  in  London  in  1867. 

Ward  (Dr.),  a  footman,  famous  for 
his  "friars'  balsam."  He  was  called  to 
proscribe  for  George  II.,  and  died  1761. 
Dr.  Ward  had  a  claret  6tain  on  his  left 
cheek,  and  in  Hogarth's  famous  picture, 
"  The  Undertakers'  Arms,"  the  cheek  is 
marked  gules.  He  forms  one  of  the 
three  figures  at  the  top,  and  occupies  the 
right  hand  side  of  the  spectator.  The 
other  two  figures  are  Mrs.  Mapp  and  Dr. 
Taylor. 

Warden  (Henry),  aliasHRSRY  Well- 
wood,  the  protestant  preacher.  In  the 
Abbot  he  is  chaplain  of  the  lady  Mary  at 
Avenel  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Monas- 
tery (time,  Elizabeth). 

Warden  (Michael),  a  young  man  of 
about  30,  well-made  and  good-looking, 
light-hearted,  capricious,  and  without 
ballast.  He  had  been  so  wild  and  ex- 
travagant that  Snitchey  and  Craggs  told 
him  it  would  take  six  years  to  nurse  hi3 
property  into  a  healthy  state.  Michael 
Warden  told  them  he  was  in  love  with 
Marion  Jeddler,  and  her,  in  due  time,  he 
married. — C.  Dickens,  The  Battle  of  Life 
(1846). 

Warden  Pie  (A),  a  pie  made  of 
Warden  pears. 

Myself  with  denial  I  mortify 
Willi  a  dainty  bit  of  a  warden  pie. 

The  tYiar  of  Orderi  Oray. 

Wardlaw,  land-steward  at  Osbaldi- 
stone  Hall. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Hob  Hoy  (time, 
George  I.). 

Wardlaw  (Henry  of),  archbishop  of  St. 
Andrew's. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth  (time,  Henry  IV.). 

Wardle  (Mr.),  an  old  country  gentle- 
man, who  had  attended  some  of  the  meet- 
ings of  "  The  Pickwick  Club,"  and  felt 
a  liking  for  Mr.  Pickwick  and  his  three 
friends,  whom  he  occasionally  entertained 
at  his  house. 

Miss  [Isabella]  Wardle,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Wardle.  She  marries  Augustus  Snod- 
grass,  M.P.C. 

Miss  Emily  Wardle,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Wardle.  She  marries  Mr.  Trundle. — C. 
Dickens,  The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 


WARDOUR. 


1082 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


"Wardour  (Sir  Arthur)  of  Knock- 
winnock  Castle. 

Isabella  Wardour,  daughter  of  sir 
Arthur.     She  marries  lord  Geraldin. 

Captain  Reginald  Wardour,  son  of  sir 
Arthur.     He  is  in  the  army. 

Str  Richard  Wardour  or  "Richard 
with  the  Red  Hand,"  an  ancestor  of  sir 
Arthur. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary 
(Lime,  George  III.). 

Ware  [Bed  of),  a  great  bed,  twelve 
feet  square,  assigned  by  tradition  to  the 
earl  of  Warwick  the  "  king  maker." 

A  mighty  large  l>ed  [the  hed  o'  honour],  bigger  by 
half  than  the  great  bed  "f  Ware;  tan  thousand  people 
may  lie  in  it  together  and  never  feel  one  another.— G. 
Varquhar,  The  Recruiting  Oj/lccr  (17(17). 

The  bed  of  Og  king  of  Bashan,  which 
was  fourteen  feet  long,  and  a  little  more 
Chan  six  feet  wide,  wu  considerably 
smaller  than  the  great  bed  of  Ware. 

Ella  bedstead  was.  a  bedstead  of  inm  .  .  .  nine  mints 
wm  the  length  (hereof,  and  f""r  cubits  the  breadth  of  It, 
aft<r  the  i  ubit  "f  a  man     frmt  iii.  IL 

"Waring  (Sir  Waiter),  a  justice  of  the 
peace,  whose  knowledge  of  the  law  was 
derived  from  Matthew  Medley,  his  facto- 
tum. His  sentences  were  justices'  justice, 
influenced  by  prejudice  and  personal 
feeling.  An  ugly  old  hag  would  have 
found  f rt mi  him  but  scant  mercy,  while  a 
pretty  girl  could  hardly  dn  wrong  in  sir 
Walter's  code  of  law. — Sir  II.  B.  Dudley, 
The  Woodman  (1771). 

Warman,  steward  of  Robin  Hood 
while  earl  of  Huntingdon,  lie  betrayed 
his  master  into  the  hands  of  (iiltiert 
Hoode  (or  Hood),  a  prior,  Robin's  ancle. 
King  John  rewarded  Warman  for  this 
treachery  by  appointing  him  high  sheriff 
of  Nottingham. 

The  ill-fac't  miser,  bribed  on  either  hand, 
b  Warman,  one  the  steward  of  his  house. 
Who.  Judas-like,  bctraies  his  liberal   lord 
Into  the  bauds  of  that  relentlesse  prior 
Cable  Gilbert  lb-ode.  uncle  of.HuntuiKton. 
Skelton,  Downfall  of  Robert  Marl  o<  Huntington 
(Ueury  VIII). 

Warming-Pan  Hero  (  7V),  James 
Francis  Edward  Stuart  (the  first  Pre- 
tender). According  to  the  absurd  story 
set  afloat  by  the  disaffected  at  the  timo 
of  his  birth,  he  was  not  the  son  of  Mary 
d'Este,  the  wife  Of  James  II.,  but  a  na- 
tural   child    of    that    monarch    by    Mary 

Beatrice  of  Biodena,  and  he  bad  been 
conveyed  to  the  royal  bed  in  a  warming- 
pan,  with  the  intention  of  palming  him 
off  upon  the  British  people  as  the  legiti- 
mate heir  to  the  throne. 

Warner,  the  old  Bteward  of  sir  Charles 
•Jropland,  who  grieves  to  sec  the  timber 


of  the  estate  cut  down  to  supply  the  ex- 
travagance of  his  young  master. — G.  Col- 
man,  The  Poor  Gentleman  (1802). 

Warnin  g-Gi  ver  s. 

Alasnam's  Mirror.  This  mirror 
remained  unsullied  when  it  reflected  a 
chaste  and  pure-minded  woman,  but  oe- 
came  dim  when  the  woman  reflected  by 
it  was  faithless,  wanton,  or  light. — Ara- 
bian Nights  ("  Prince  Zeyn  Alasnam  "). 

Ants.  Alexander  Ross  says  that  the 
•'  cruel  battle  between  the  Venetians  and 
Insubrians,  and  also  that  between  the 
Liegeois  and  the  Burgundians  in  which 
;j( L000  men  were  slain,  were  both  presig- 
niiied  by  combats  between  two  swarms  of 
ants." — Arcana  Microcosmi  (appendix, 
219). 

Iiwmw's  Knife  (Prince).  When 
prince  Bah  man  started  on  his  exploits, 
lie  gave  his  sister  Parizade  a  knife  which, 
he  told  her,  would  remain  bright  and 
clean  so  long  as  he  was  safe  and  well,  but, 
immediately  he  was  in  danger  or  dead, 
would  become  dull  or  drop  gouts  of  blood. 
— Arabia* Night*  (''The  Two  Sisters"). 

Bay  Trkf.s.  The  withering  of  bay 
trees  prognosticates  a  death. 

'TIs  thought  the  king  Is  dead  .  .  . 
The  Uijr  tree*  lu  our  country  are  all  withered. 

Shakespoare.  Richard  11.  11587). 

N.B.  —  The  bay  was  called  by  the 
Romans  "the  plant  of  the  good  angel," 
because  "  neyther  falling  sicknes,  neyther 
devyll,  wyll   infest  or  hurt   one  in   that 

Elaea  whereas  a  bay  tree  is."  —  Thomas 
upton,  Syxt  Book  of  Notable  Thingcs 
(1660). 

l'.i.i:.  The  buzzing  of  a  bee  in  a  room 
indicates  that  a  stranger  is  about  to  pay 
the  house  a  visit. 

Birtha's  Kmkrai.d  Ring.  Theduke 
Gondibert  gave  Birtha  an  emerald  ring 
which,  he  said,  would  preserve  its  lustre 
so  long  as  he  remained  faithful  and  true, 
but  would  become  dull  and  pale  if  h» 
proved  false  to  her.  —  Wm.  Davenant, 
Gondibert. 

Brawn's  Head  ( The).  A  boy  brought 
to  king  Arthur's  court  a  brawn's  head,  over 
which  he  drew  his  wand  thrice,  and  said, 
"  There's  never  a  traitor  or  a  cuckold  who 
can  carve  that  bead  of  brawn." — Percy, 
Raliquei  ("The  Boy  and  the  Mantle"). 

C\na<  i:'s  Mirror  indicated,  by  its 
lustre,  if  the  person  whom  the  in8[>cctor 
loved  was  true  or  false. — Chaucer,  CanU  r- 
bur;/  Tales  ("The  Squire's  Tale"). 

i'amh.ks.  The  shooting  forth  of  a  parcel 
of  tallow  called  a  winding-sheet,  from  the 
top  of  a  lighted  candle,  gives  warning  to 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


1083 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


the  house  of  an  approaching  ileal]]  ;  l>ut  a 
bright  spark  upon  the  burning  wick  is 
the  promise  of  a  letter. 

Cats  on  the  deck  of  a  ship  are  said 
to  "carry  a  gale  of  wind  in  their  tail,"  or 
to  presage  a  coming  storm.  When  cats 
are  very  assiduous  in  cleaning  their  ears 
and  head,  it  prognosticates  rain. 

Cattle  give  warning  of  an  earthquake 
by  their  uneasiness. 

Children  Playing  Soldiers  on  a 
road  is  said  to  forebode  approaching  war. 

Coals.  A  cinder  bounding  from  the 
fire  is  either  a  purse  or  a  coffin.  Those 
which  rattle  when  held  to  the  ear  are 
tokens  of  wealth ;  those  which  are  mute 
and  solid  indicate  sickness  or  death. 

Corpse  Candles.  The  ignis  fatuus, 
called  by  the  Welsh  canhwytl  cyrph  or 
1 '  corpse  candle, "  prognosticates  death.  If 
small  and  of  pale  blue,  it  denotes  the  death 
of  an  infant ;  if  large  and  yellow,  the 
death  of  one  of  full  age. 

Captain  Leather,  chief  magistrate  of  Belfast,  In  1690, 
being  shipwrecked-  on  the  Isle  of  Man,  was  told  that 
thirteen  of  his  crew  were  lost,  for  thirteen  corpse  candles 
had  been  seen  moving  towards  the  churchyard.  It  is  a 
tact  that  thirteen  of  the  men  were  drowned  in  this 
wreck. — Sacheverell,  Isle  of  Man,  15. 

Cradle.  It  forebodes  evil  to  the  child 
if  any  one  rocks  its  cradle  when  empty. 
— American  Superstition. 

Crickets.  Crickets  in  a  house  are  a 
Bign  of  good  luck,  but  if  they  suddenly 
leave  it  is  a  warning  of  death. 

Crow  (.4).  A  crow  appearing  to  one  on 
the  left  hand  side  indicates  some  im- 
pending evil  to  the  person  ;  and  flying 
over  a  house,  foretells  evil  at  hand  to  some 
«f  the  inmates.    (See  below,  "  Raven.") 

8a?pe  sinistra  cava  pnedixit  ab  illce  cornex, 

Virgil,  Eclogue,  i. 

Crowing  of  a  Cock.  Themistocles 
was  assured  of  his  victory  over  Xerxes 
by  the  crowing  of  a  cock,  on  his  way  to 
Artemisium  the  day  before  the  battle. — 
Lloyd,  Stratagems  of  Jerusalem,  285. 

Crowing  of  a  hen  indicates  approach- 
ing disaster. 

Death  -  Warnings  in  Private 
Families. 

1.  In  German;/.  Svveral  princes  of 
oermany  have  thei r special  warning-givers 
of  death.  In  some  it  is  the  roaring  of  a 
lion,  in  others  the  howling  of  a  dog.  In 
some  it  is  the  tolling  of  a  bell  or  striking 
of  a  clock  at  an  unusual  time,  in  others  it 
is  a  bustling  noise  about  the  castle. — The 
Living  Library,  284  (1621). 

2.  In  Berlin.  A  White  Lady  appears 
to  some  one  of  the  household  or  guard, 
to  announce   the   death   of    a  prince   of 


Ilohenzollern.     She  was  duly  seen  on  tha 
eve  of  prince  Waldcmar's  death  in  1879. 

3.  In  Bohemia.  "Spectrum  fcemiDium 
vestitu  logabri  apparcre  solet  in  arce 
quadam  illustris  familiffl,  antequam  una 
ex  conjugibus  dominorutn  Riorum  e  vita 
decebat." — Debrio,  Disquisitiones  Magicae, 
o"2. 

4.  In  Great  Britain.  In  Wales  the 
corpse  candle  appears  to  warn  a  family 
of  impending  death.  In  Carmarthen 
scarcely  any  person  dies  but  some  one 
sees  his  light  or  candle. 

In  Northumberland  the  warning  light  is 
called  the  person's  icaff,  in  Cumberland 
a  swarth,  in  Ross  a  task,  in  some  parts  of 
Scotland  a.fye-token. 

King  James  tells  us  that  the  wraith  of 
a  person  newly  dead,  or  about  to  die, 
appears  to  his  friends. — Demonology,  125. 

Edgewell  Oak  indicates  the  coming 
death  of  an  inmate  of  Castle  Dalhousie  by 
the  fall  of  one  of  its  branches. 

5.  In  Scotland.  The  family  of  Roth- 
murcha3  have  the  Bodachau  Dun  or  the 
Ghost  of  the  Hill. 

The  Kinchardines  have  the  Spectre  of 
the  Bloody  Hand. 

Gartinbeg  House  used  to  be  haunted  by 
Bodach  Gartin. 

The  house  of  Tulloch  Gorms  used  to  be 
haunted  by  Maug  Monlach  or  the  Girl 
with  the  Hairy  Left  Hand. 

Death-watch  {The).  The  tapping 
made  by  a  small  beetle  called  the  death- 
watch  is  said  to  be  a  warning  of  death. 

The  chambermaids  christen  this  worm  a  "  Death-watch," 

Because,  like  a  watch,  it  always  cries  "click  ;" 

Then  woe  be  to  those  In  the  house  who  aro  sick. 

For  sure  as  a  gun  they  will  give  up  the  ghost. 

If  the  maggot  cries  "  click  "  when  it  scratches  a  post. 

Swift. 

Divining-Rod  {The).  A  forked  hazel 
rod,  suspended  between  the  balls  of  the 
thumbs,  was  atone  time  supposed  to  indi- 
cate the  presence  of  water-springs  and 
precious  metals  by  inclining  towards  the 
earth  beneath  which  these  things  might 
be  found.  Dousterswivel  obtained  money 
by  professing  to  indicate  the  spot  of 
buried  wealth  by  a  divining-rod. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  The  Antiquary. 

Dogs.  The  howling  of  a  dog  at  night 
forebodes  death. 

A  cane  praiviso  ftinere  disce  morl. 

K.  Keuchcn.  CrcpundUi,  113  (1662). 

Capitolinus  tells  us  that  the  death  of 
Maximinus  was  presaged  by  the  howling 
of  dogs.  Pausanias  (in  his  >ifessenla) 
says  the  dogs  brake  into  a  fierce  howl  just 
before  the  overthrow  of  the  Messenians. 
Fincelius  says  the  dogs  in  Mysinia  docked 
together  and  howled  just  before  the  over- 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


1084 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


throw  of  the  Saxons  in  1553.  Virgil  says 
the  same  thing  occurred  just  previous  to 
the  battle  of  Pharsalia. 

Dogs  give  warning  of  death  by  scratch- 
inj:  on  the  tloor  of  a  house. 

I'OTTKKKLS. 

When  dotterels  do  first  appear. 
It  .si urns  that  frnst  i->  very  near; 
l!ut  when  that  dotterels  do  go, 
Then  you  may  look  fur  heavy  snow. 

Salisbury  Saying. 

i'kkams.  It  will  be  remembered  that 
Joseph,  the  husband  of  Mary,  was  warned 
bv  a  dream  to  flee  from  Judsja,  ami  wlien 
Herod  was  dead  he  was  again  warned  by 
a  dream  to  "turn  aside  into  the  parts  of 
Galilee."— Mutt.  ii.  18,  19,  22. 

In  the  Old  Testament,  Pharaoh  had  a 
warning  dream  of  a  famine  which  he  was 
enabled  to  provide  against. — Gen.  xli. 
15-36. 

Pharaoh's  butler  and  baker  had  warn- 
ing dreams,  one  being  prevised  thereby 
of  his  restoration  to  favour,  and  the  other 
warned  of  his  execution. — Gen,  xl.  (-28. 

Nebuchadnezzar  had  an  historic  dream, 

which  Daniel  explained.— .Am.  ii.  l. 

Abimelech  king  of  Egypt  was  warned 
by  a  dream  that  Sarah  was  Abraham's 

wife  and  not  his  sister.  —  <>cn.  xx.  3-16. 

Jacob  had  an  historic  dream  on  his  way 
to  Haran. — Qen,  xxviiL  12—15. 

Joseph,  son  of  Jacob,  had  an  historic 
dream,  revealing  to  him  his  future  great- 
ness.—Oah,  xxxvii.  6-10. 

Daniel  had  an  historic  dream  about 
four  beasts  which  indicated  four  king- 
doms (Dan,  vii.).  Whether  his  "visions" 
were  also  dreams  is  uncertain  (see  chs. 
riii.,  x.). 

It  would  require  many  pages  to  do 
justice  to  this  subject.  Bland,  in  his 
Popular  Antiquities,  iii.  134,  gives  "A 
Dictionary  of  Dreams"  in  alphabetic 
order,  extracted  from  T.'te  lioyal  Drcam- 

DaunUHG-HOBXa.  King  Arthur  had 
a  horn  from  which  no  one  could  drink 
who  was  either  unchaste  or  unfaithful. 
The  cuckold's  horn,  brought  to  king 
Arthur's  court  by  a  mysterious  boy,  gave 
warning  of  infidelity,  inasmuch  as  no 
one  unfaithful  in  love  or  unlcal  to  his 
Iieg3  lord  could  drink  therefrom  without 

spilling  the  liquor.    The  ooupe  encAantee 

possessed  a  similar  property. 

Eaols.  Tarquinius  Pnscus  was  as- 
sured that  he  would  l>e  king  of  Koine,  by 
on  eagle,  which  stooped  upon  him,  took 
Off  his  rap,  rose  in  the  air,  and  let  the 
cap  fall  again  upon  his  head. 

Aristondcr   assured    Alexander    of   his 


victory  over  Darius  at  the  battle  of  Arbcla, 
by  the  flight  of  an  eagle. — Lloyd,  Strata- 
gems of  Jerusalem,  290. 

Eab  {The).  If  the  left  ear  tingles  or 
bums,  it  indicates  that  some  one  is  talk- 
ing evil  of  you  ;  if  the  riu'ht  ear,  some 
one  is  praising  you.  The  foreboded  evil 
may  be  averted  by  biting  the  little  finger 
of  the  left  hand. 

Laii'lor  et  adverse,  sonat  auris,  bed  or  ab  ore ; 
lJextra  bono  tifit.it  niumiure,  Uera  inalo. 

K.  K.iichen,  Vre,  undin,  113  (lijfi:) 

Epitaphs.   (Beading),     If    you  would 

preserve  your  memory,  be  warned  against 
reading  epitaphs.  In  this  instance  the 
American  superstition  is  the  warning- 
giver,  and  not  the  ad  referred  to. 

Fib  Tbj  aa.  "  If  a  flrrtree  be  touched, 
withered,  or  burned  with  lighting,  it  is 
a  warning  to  the  house  that  the  masw 
or  mistiest  thereof  shall  shortly  dye." — 
Thomas  I.upton,  Syxt  JJouk  of  S'otable 
.  ( L660). 

Kikk.  The  noise  occasioned  when  the 
enclosed  gas  in  a  piece  of  burning  coal 
catches  lire,  is  a  sure  indication  of  a 
quarrel  between  the  inmates  of  the  house. 

FliORDUX's    GlBDLI   would    loo 

,nder  if  any  woman  unfaithful  or 

unchaste  attempted  to  put  it  on. — Spen- 
ser. Fairy  Qua  a. 

Gates  op  Gi  Mmv'niivs  (The).  No  one 
carrying  poison  could  pass  these  gates. 
They  were  made  of  the  horn  of  the  horned 
snake,  by  the  apostle  Thomas,  who  built 
B  palace  of  sethym  wood  for  this  Indian 
king,  and  set  up  the  gates. 

tTOOI  EpKBSUl  (The)  contained  a 
reed,  which  gave  forth  musical  sounds 
when  the  chaste  and  faithful  entered  it, 
but  denounced  others  by  giving  forth 
harsh  and  discordant  noises.  —  Lord 
Lytton,   Lilts  of  Miletus,  iii. 

Hakk  Caoasnra  ths  Road  (.1).  It 
was  thought  by  the  ancient  Romans  that 
if  a  hare  ran  across  the  road  on  which  a 
person  was  travelling,  it  was  a  certain 
omen  of  ill  luck. 

Lepus  quoque  oocurrens  In  via.  Infortunium  Iter  pra» 
■mil  et  oBiin.«um.— Alexander  ab  Alexandra,  Ot/it-ihum 
1/itrum.  Iiin  17.  v.  13  p   osi. 

Mi  t  'lid  we  meet,  with  nimbi*  (eel, 

One  little  fearful  le/ ut. 
That  certain  si*n.  as  tome  dlrtije, 

Of  fortune  bad  t.i  keep  ux 

KiliHin,  Trip  to  /Irnnff,  ll. 

H.mroK  (The).  The  country  people 
of  Sweden  consider  the  appearance  of  the 
hoopoe  as  t lie  presage  of  war. — Pennant, 
Z 

l.izAuns  warn  men  of  the  approach  of 
a  serpent. 

LoOKIHO-Ol  \8si  s.  If  a  looking-glass 
is  broken,  it  is  u  warning  that  some  one 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


1085 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


in  the  house  will  ere  long  lose  a  friend. 
Grose  says  it  "  betokens  a  mortality  in 
the  family,  commonly  the  master." 

To  break  a  looking-glass  is  prophetic 
that  the  person  will  never  get  married  ; 
or,  if  married,  will  lose  the  person  wedded. 

Magpies  are  prophetic  birds.  A  com- 
mon Lincolnshire  proverb  is,  "  One  for 
sorrow,  two  for  mirth,  three  for  a  wed- 
ding, four  for  death;"  or  thus:  "  One  for 
sorrow,  two  for  mirth,  three  a  wedding, 
four  a  birth." 

Augurs  and  understood  relations  have, 
By  raagotpies  and  choughs  and  rooks,  brought  fortk 
The  secret'st  niau  of  blood. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth  (1606). 

Alexander  Ross  tells  us  that  the  battle 
between  the  British  and  French,  in  which 
the  former  were  overthrown  in  the  reign 
of  Charles  VIII.,  was  foretold  by  a 
skirmish  between  magpies  and  jackdaws. 
— Arcana  Microcosmi  (appendix,  219). 

Mantle  {The  Teat).  A  boy  brought 
to  king  Arthur's  court  a  mantle,  which  no 
one  could  wear  who  was  unfaithful  in 
love,  false  in  domestic  life,  or  traitorous 
to  the  king.  If  any  such  attempted  to 
put  it  on,  it  puckered  up,  or  hung  slouch- 
ingly,  or  tumbled  to  pieces.  —  Percy, 
Jieliques  ("  The  Roy  and  the  Mantle  "). 

Meteors.  Falling  stars,  eclipses, 
comets,  and  other  signs  in  the  heavens, 
portend  the  death  or  fall  of  princes. 

Meteors  fright  the  fixed  stars  of  heaven  ; 

The  pale-faced  moon  looks  bloody  on  the  earth  .  .  • 

These  signs  forerun  the  death  or  fall  of  kings. 

Shakespeare,  Richard  II.,  act  ii.  sc.  4  (1597). 

Consult  Matt.  xxiv.  29  ;  Luke  xxi.  25. 

Mice  and  Rats.  If  a  rat  or  mouse, 
during  the  night,  gnaw  our  clothes,  it  is 
indicativeof  some  impending  evil,  perhaps 
even  death. 

Nos  autem  ita  leves,  atque  inconsideratt  sumus,  ut  si 
mures  corroserint  aliquid  quorum  est  opu3  hoc  unum, 
uionsti  um  putenius  1  Ante  vero  Marsicum  helium  quod 
Clypeos  Lanuvii — mures  rosissent,  maxumum  id  porten- 
tum  baruspices  esse  dixerunt.  Quasi  vero  quicquam 
Interslt,  mures  diem  noctem  aliquid  rudentea,  scuta  an 
cribra  corroserint  .  .  .  cum  vestis  a  soricihus  roditur, 
plus  tiaiere  suspicionem  futuri  mali,  quam  praesens  dam- 
num dolere.  Undo  illud  eleganter  dictum  est  Catonis, 
qui  cum  esset  consultus  a  quodam,  qui  sibi  erosas  esse 
Oaligas  diceret  a  sork-ibus,  respondit ;  non  esset  illud 
monstrum ;  sed  vere  monstrum  hal>endum  fuisse,  si 
•oricea  a  Caligis  roderentur. — Cicero,  Divinatio,  ii.  27. 

MoLE-sroTS.  A  mole-spot  on  the 
armpits  promises  wealth  and  honour ; 
on  the  ankle  bespeaks  modesty  in  men, 
courage  in  women  ;  on  the  right  breast 
is  a  sign  of  honesty,  on  the  left  forebodes 
poverty ;  on  the  chin  promises  wealth  ; 
on  the  right  car,  respect,  on  the  left  fore- 
bodes dishonour ;  on  the  centre  of  the 
forehead  bespeaks  treachery,  sullenness, 
and  untidiness  ;  on  the  right  temple  fore- 
ahowp  lhat  you  will  enjoy  the  friendship 


of  the  great ;  on  the  left  temple  forebode* 
distress  ;  on  the  right  foot  bespeaks  wis- 
dom, on  the  left,  rashness ;  on  the  right 
side  of  the  heart  denotes  virtue,  on  the 
left  side,  wickedness ;  on  the  knee  of  a 
man  denotes  that  he  will  have  a  rich 
wife,  if  on  the  left  knee  of  a  woman,  she 
may  expect  a  large  family ;  on  the  lip 
is  a  sign  of  gluttony  and  talkativeness  ; 
on  the  neck  promises  wealth  ;  on  the 
nose  indicates  that  a  man  will  be  a 
great  traveller ;  on  the  thigh  forebodes 
poverty  and  sorrow ;  on  the  throat,  Avealth 
and  health  ;  on  the  wrist,  ingenuity. 

Moon  (The).  When  the  "mone  lies 
sair  on  her  back,  or  when  her  horns  are 
pointed  towards  the  zenith,  be  warned  in 
time,  for  foul  weather  is  nigh  at  hand." 
— Dr.  Jamieson. 

Foul  weather  may  also  be  expected 
"  when  the  new  moon  appears  with  the 
old  one  in  her  arms." 

Late,  late  yestreen  I  saw  the  new  moons 

Wi'  the  auld  moone  in  h#r  arme, 
And  I  feir,  1  fcir,  my  deir  master. 

That  we  will  come  to  liarme. 

The  Ballad  of  Sir  Patrick  «?.ctic« 

To  see  a  new  moon  for  the  first  time 
on  the  right  hand,  and  direct  before  you, 
is  lucky ;  but  to  see  it  on  the  left  hand, 
or  to  turn  round  and  see  it  behind  you,  is 
the  contrary. 

If  you  first  see  a  new  moon  through 
glass,  your  wish  will  come  to  pass. 

Nails.  A  white  spot  on  the  thumb 
promises  a  present ;  on  the  index  finger 
denotes  a  friend  ;  on  the  long  finger,  a  foe  , 
on  the  third  finger,  a  letter  or  sweetheart ; 
on  the  little  finger,  a  journey  to  go. 

In  America,  white  spots  on  the  nails 
are  considered  lucky. 

Nourgehan's  Bracelet  gave  warn- 
ing of  poison  by  a  tremulous  motion  of 
the  stones,  which  increased  as  the  poison 
approached  nearer  and  nearer. — Comte  de 
Caylus,  Oriental  Tales  ("The  Four  Talis- 
mans "). 

Opal  turns  pale  at  the  approach  of 
poison. 

Owls.  The  screeching  of  an  owl  fore- 
bodes calamity,  sickness,  or  death.  On 
one  occasion  an  owl  strayed  into  the 
Capitol,  and  the  Romans,  to  avert  the 
evil,  underwent  a  formal  lustration. 

The  Roman  senate,  when  within 

The  city  walls  an  owl  was  seen, 

Did  cause  their  clergy  with  lustrations  .  .  . 

The  round-faced  prodigy  f  avert. 

liutler,  lladibnu,  II.  ili.  707  (1664). 

The  death  of  Augustus  was  presaged 
by  an  owl  singing  [screeching]  upon  tho 
top  of  the  Curia. — Xiphilinus,  Abridgment 
of  Dion  Cassius. 


WAIINING-GIVERS. 


108G 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


The  death  of  Commodus  Antonius,  the 
emperor,  was  forboded  by  an  owl  sitting 
on  the  top  of  his  chamber  at  Lanuvium. 
— Julius  Obscquens,  Pruditjies,  8.3. 

The  murder  of  Julius  Ctesar  was  pre- 
saged by  the  screeching  of  owls. 

The  bird  of  rrigbt  did  sit. 
E'en  at  noonday,  upon  the  market-place, 
Uootlng  and  shrieking. 
Sluxkespeare,  Juliiu  C<e*ar,  act  1.  sc  3  (1607). 

The  death  of  Valentinian  was  presaged 
by  an  owl,  which  iierched  on  the  top  of  a 
house  whore  he  used  to  bathe. — Alexander 
Ross,  Arcana  Mkrocosmi  (apj>endix, 
218). 

Aptony  was  warned  of  his  defeat  in 
the  battle  of  Actium  by  an  owl  dying 
into  the  temple  of  Concord. — Xiphilinus, 
Abridjment  of  Dion  Cassius. 

The  great  plague  of  Wiirtzburg,  in 
Franeoma,  in  1542,  was  foreboded  by  the 
screeching  of  an  owL 

Alexander  Ross  says:  "  About  twenty 
years  ago  I  did  observe  tli.tt,  in  the  hi. use 
where  I  Lodged,  an  owl  groaning  in  the 
window  presaged  the  death  of  two  emi- 
nent persons,  who  died  there  shortly 
after.  — Arcana  Microcosm*, 

PEACOCKS  give  warning  of  poison  by 
raffling  their  feathers. 

Pkrviz's  Strisg  of  Pearls  (Prinee). 

When  prinee  IVrviz  went  on  his  exploit, 
he  gave  his  sister  ParizSd§  ■  string  of 
j)earls,  saying,  "So  long  as  these  pearls 
move  readily  on  the  string,  you  may  feel 
assured  that  I  am  alive  and  well  ;  but  if 
they  stick  fast,  they  will  indicate  to  you 
that  I  am  dead." — Arabian  Nights  ("  The 
Two  Sisters  "). 

PlOBOSB.  It  is  considered  by  many  a 
sure  sign  of  death  in  a  house  if  a  white 
pigeon  perches  on  the  chimney. 

PlGS  running  about  with  straws  in  their 
mouths  give  warning  of  approaching  rain. 

Rats  forsaking  a  ship  forebode  its 
wreck,  and  forsaking  a  house  indicate 
that  it  is  on  the  point  of  falling  down. 
(See  "  Mice.") 

Kavkns.  The  raven  is  said  to  be  the 
most  prophetic  of  "inspired  birds."  It 
bodes  both  private  and  public  calamities. 
"To  have  the  foresight  of  a  raven"  is  a 
proverbial  expression. 

The  great  battle  fought  between  Repe- 
Vi  nt  inn  and  Apiciuill  Was   portended  by  a 

skirmish  between  ravens  and  kites  on  the 
same  Bpot. — Jovianus  Pontanus. 

An  irruption  id  the  Scythians  into 
Thrace  was  presaged  by  ■  skirmish  be- 
tween crows  and  ravens.  —Nil 

Cicero  was  warned  of  hs  approaching 
death    oy    s  <n.e    ravens    fluttering  about 


him  just  before  he  was  murdered  by 
Ropilius  Caenas. — Macaulav,  History  oy 
St.  Kildo,  176. 

Alexander  Ross  says  :  "Mr.  Draper,  a 
young  gentleman,  and  my  intimate  friend, 
about  four  or  rive  years  ago  had  one  or 
two  ravens,  which  had  been  quarrelling 
on  the  chimney,  rly  into  his  chamber, 
and  he  died  shortly  after."  —  Arcana 
Alicrocosmi. 

Rhinocekos's  Horns.  Cups  made  of 
this  material  will  give  warning  of  poison 
in  a  liquid  by  causing  it  to  effervesce. 

Salt  spilt  towards  a  person  indicates 
contention,  but  the  evil  may  be  averted 
by  throwing  a  part  of  the  spilt  salt  over 
the  left  shoulder. 

I'r.-lige.  subveno  casu  levlore  sallno, 
61  mal  veniunmi  cunjii  is  omen  ;  adest. 

K.  Keucbcii.  Ore/  uwlia.  S15  (1663). 

SHBAM  and  Sieve  (The),  ordeals  by 
fire,  water,  etc.,  single  combats,  the 
cosned  or  cursed  morsel,  the  L'rini  and 
Thiiiiiniim,  the  casting  of  lots,  were  all 
employed  as  tests  of  innocence  or  guilt 
in  oldeu  times,  under  the  notion  that  God 
would  direct  tiie  lot  aright,  according  to 
J  Jan.  vi.  22. 

Sin  >r.s.  It  was  thought  by  the 
Romans  a  bad  omen  to  put  a  shoe  on  the 
wrong  foot. 

Augustus,  having  V  oversight. 
l'ut  on  bn  left  shoe  for  his  right. 
Bad  like  to  have  l>«n  ilain  that  dajr 
U>  uldieri  inuUu'iug  (or  par. 

butler,  fludibr/u. 
Auguste  .  .  .    restolt   Immobile   et  constcrne   loraqu'U 
lui   arrivolt   par  mecarde  da  mettre   te  Soulier  droit  au 
pled  gauche. —tit.  Kmi,  jMtiit  tur  /'arm,  r.  145. 

Shootim;  I'ains.  All  sudden  pains 
arc  warnings  of  evil  at  hand. 

Timeo  quod  renim  gesserini  hie.  Ita  donui  totus  pmrU. 
— 1'UuUu,  Mile*  oluri.iut. 

By  the  pricking  of  my  thumbs. 
Something  evil  Uiis  way  comas. 

Shakespeare,  Macbeth  (!«•«). 

Sneezing.  Once  a  wish,  twice  a  kiss, 
thrice  a  letter,  and  oftener  than  thrice 
something  better. 

Smmm  iefors  breakfast  is  a  forecast 
that  a  stranger  or  a  present  is  coming. 

ring  at  night  tints.  To  sneeze 
twice  for  three  successive  nights  denotes 
a  death,  a  loss,  or  B  great  gam. 

SI  dux-  slemutatlones  flant  oninl  nocte  ab  aUi,|in>.  H 
lllud  oonUnuitur  per  trus  DOOtH,  signo  i«t  quod  aliquis 
vol  all.ma  dc  dumu  llilllf  I  Till*  vil  iiliud  >i  ;uii»uin  miniui 
oootlnast,  raj  ■— '" *— — —  lucrum. — Uornmaunu*.  D* 
Mtraculu  Mortiiorutn,  iiii. 

Eustnthius  says  that  sneezing  to  the 
left  is  unlucky,  "but  to  the  right  lucky. 
Hence,   when   Thi  :lering 

Bacrifioe  before  his  engagement  with 
Xerxes,  and  one  of  the  soldiers  on  his 
rigbl  hand  min7.nl,  l'.uphrantides  the 
soothsayer    declared    the    Greeks  would 


WARNING-GIVERS. 


1087 


WARWICK. 


•nrely  gain  the  victory. — Plutarch,  Lives 
("  Themistocles  "). 

Soot  on  Bars.  Flakes  of  sheeted 
Boot  hanging  from  the  bars  of  a  grate 
foretell  the  introduction  of  a  stranger. 

Nor  less  amused  have  I  quiescent  watched 
The  sooty  films  that  play  upon  the  bars 
Pendulous,  and  foreboding  .  .   .  some  stranger's    near 
approach. 

Cowper,  Winter  Evening. 

Sophia's  Picture,  given  to  Mathias, 
turned  yellow  if  the  giver  was  in  danger 
or  in  temptation  ;  and  black  if  she  could 
not  escape  from  the  danger  or  if  she 
yielded  to  the  temptation. — Mas'  mger, 
The  Picture  (1629). 

Spiders  indicate  to  gold-searchers 
where  it  is  to  be  found. 

Stag's  Horn  is  considered  in  Spain  to 
give  warning  of  an  evil  eye,  and  to  be  a 
safeguard  against  its  malignant  influences. 

Stone.  To  find  a  perforated  stone  is 
a  presage  of  good  luck. 

Swallows  forecast  bad  weather  by 
flving  low,  and  fine  weather  by  flying 
high. 

Teeth. wide  Apart  warn  a  person  to 
seek  his  fortune  away  from  his  native 
place. 

Thunder.  Thunder  on  Sunday  por- 
tends the  death  of  some  learned  man, 
judge,  or  author;  on  Monday,  the  death 
of  women  ;  on  Tuesday,  plenty  of  grain  ; 
on  Wednesday,  the  death  of  harlots,  or 
bloodshed ;  on  Thursday,  plenty  of  sheep, 
cattle,  and  corn  ;  on  Friday,  the  death  of 
some  great  man,  murder,  or  battle ;  on 
Saturday  it  forebodes  pestilence  or  sick- 
ness.— Leonard  Digges,  A  Prognostica- 
tion Everlasting  of  llyght  Good  Effecte 
(1556). 

Tolling  Bell.  You  will  be  sure  of 
tooth-ache  if  you  eat  while  a  funeral  bell 
is  tolling.  Be  warned  in  time  by  this 
American  superstition,  or  take  the  con- 
sequences. 

Veipsey,  a  spring  in  Yorkshire,  called 
"  prophetic,"  gives  due  warning  of  a  dearth 
by  rising  to  an  unusual  height. 

Venetian  Glass.  If  poison  is  put 
into  liquor  contained  in  a  vessel  made  of 
Venetian  glass,  the  vessel  will  crack  and 
fall  to  pieces. 

Warning  Stones.  Bakers  in  Wilt- 
shire and  in  some  other  counties  used  to 
put  a  certain  kind  of  pebble  in  their  ovens, 
to  give  notice  when  the  oven  was  hot 
enough  for  baking.  When  the  stone 
turned  white,  the  oven  was  lit  for  use. 

Water  ok  Jealousy  (The).  This 
was  a  beverage  which  the  Jews  used  to 
assert  no  adilWcss  could  drink  without 


bursting. — Five  Philosophical  Questions 
Answered  (1653). 

White  Rose  (The).  A  white  rose 
gave  assurance  to  a  twin-brother  of  the 
safety  or  danger  of  his  brother  during 
his  absence.  So  long  as  it  flourished  and 
remained  in  its  pride  of  beauty,  it  indi- 
cated that  all  went  well,  but  as  it  drooped, 
faded,  or  died,  it  was  a  warning  of 
danger,  sickness,  or  death. — The  Twin- 
Brothers. 

Witch  Hazel.  A  forked  twig  of  witch 
hazel,  made  into  a  divining-rod,  was  sup- 
posed, in  the  fifteenth,  sixteenth,  and 
seventeenth  centuries,  to  give  warning  of 
witches,  and  to  be  efficacious  in  discover- 
ing them. 

Worms.  If,  on  your  way  to  a  sick 
person,  you  pick  up  a  stone  and  find  no 
living  thing  under  it,  it  tells  you  that  the 
sick  person  will  die,  but  if  you  find  there 
an  ant  or  worm,  it  presages  the  patient's 
recovery. 

Si  visit-ins  iogrum,  lapidem  inventum  per  vlam  attnllat, 
et  sub  lapide  invenintur  vermis  se  movens,  aut  formica 
vivens,  faustum  omen  est,  et  indicium  fi>re  ut  aet;cr  con* 
valescat,  si  nihil  invenitur  res  est  conchunata  et  certa 
mors. — Buehardus,  Drecretorum,  lib.  xix. 

"Warren  (Widow),  "twice  married 
and  twice  a  widow."  A  coquette  of  40. 
aping  the  airs  of  a  girl ;  vain,  weak,  and 
detestable.  Harry  Dornton,  the  banker's 
son,  is  in  love  with  her  daughter,  Sophia 
Freelove  ;  but  the  widow  tries  to  win  the 
young  man  for  herself,  by  advancing 
money  to  pay  oil"  his  friend's  debts.  When 
the  father  hears  of  this,  he  conies  to  the 
rescue,  returns  the  money  advanced,  and 
enables  the  son  to  follow  his  natural  in- 
clinations by  marrying  the  daughter 
instead  of  the  designing  mother. 

A  girlish,  old  coquette,  who  would  rob  her  daughter, 
and  leave  her  husband's  BOD  to  rut  in  a  dungeon,  that  she 
might  marry  the  first  fool  she  could  find. — Holcroft,  Tht 
/load  to  Ruin,  v.  2  (17U-J). 

Wart  ( Thomas),  a  poor,  feeble,  ragged 
creature,  one  of  the  recruits  in  the  army 
of  sir  John  Falstaff. — Shakespeare,  2 
Henry  IV.,  act  iii.  ec.  2  (1598). 

Warwick  (T/w  earl  of),  a  tragedy 
by  Dr.  T.  Franklin.  It  is  the  last  days 
and  death  of  the  "  king  maker"  (1767). 

Warwick  (The House  of).  Of  this  house 
it  is  said,  "All  the  men  are  without  fear, 
and  all  the  women  without  stain."  Thia 
brag  has  been  made  by  many  of  our  noble 
families,  and  it  is  about  as  complimentary 
as  that  paraded  of  queen  Victoria,  that 
she  is  a  faithful  wife,  a  good  mother, 
and  a  virtuous  woman.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  the  same  may  be  said  of  most  of  her 
subjects  also. 


WAKWICK  LANE. 


1088 


WAT'S  DYKE. 


Warwick  Lane  (City),  the  site  of 
the  house  belonging  to  the  lieauchamps, 
earls  of  Warwick. 

Washington  of  Africa  {The). 
William  Wilberforce  is  so  called  by  lord 
Byron.  As  Washington  was  the  chief 
instrument  in  liberating  America,  so 
Wilberforce  was  the  chief  instigator  of 
slave  emancipation. 

Thou  moral  Washington  of  Africa. 

Don  Jwm,  xlv.  82  (1824). 

Washington  of  Colombia,  Simon 
Bolivar  (1786-1831). 

Wasky,  sir  Iring's  sword. 

Ki.-iit  through  the  howl-piece  straight 

Tin!  linixht  Kir  Hawaii  paid. 
With  his  resistless  Wasky. 

That  sharp  and  peerless  blade. 

Nibelungen  Lied,  35  (1210). 

Wasp,  in  the  drama  called  Bartholo- 
mew Fair,  by  Ben  Jonson  (1614). 

Benjamin  Johnson  [16(15-1742].  commonly  called  Ben 
Johnson.  .  .  .  seemed  to  bo  proud  to  wear  the  poet's 
double  name,  tieiiiK  particularly  great  in  all  that  author's 
plays  that  were  usually  perfumed,  viz..  "Wasp,"  "Cor- 
Daaclo,"  "  Morose,"  and  "  Ananias." — Chetwood,  llittory 
0/  the  Stage. 

V  "  Corbaccio,"  in  T/ie  Fox;  "Mo- 
rose," in  The  Silent  Woman ;  and  "Ana- 
nias," in  T/ie  Alchemist. 

Waste  Time  Utilized. 

Baxter  wrote  his  Saint's  Everlasting 
Best  on  a  bed  of  sickness  (1615-1691). 

Bloomkield  composed  The  Farmer's 
Boy  in  the  intervals  of  shoemaking  (1766- 
1823). 

Bramaii  (Joseph),  a  peasant's  son, 
occupied  his  spare  time  when  a  mere  boy 
in  making  musical  instruments,  aided  by 
the  village  blacksmith.  At  the  age  of 
16,  he  hurt  his  ankie  while  ploughing,  and 
employed  his  time  while  conlined  to  the 
house  in  carving  and  making  woodwares. 
In  another  forced  leisure  from  a  severe 
fall,  he  employed  his  time  in  contriving 
and  making  useful  inventions,  which 
ultimately  led  him  to  fame  and  fortune 
(1749-1814). 

Bun y  an  wrote  his  Pilgrim's  Progress 
while  confined  in  Bedford  jail  (1628- 
1688). 

Burritt  (Elihu)  made  himself  ac- 
quainted with  ten  languages  while  plying 
his  trade  as  a  village  blacksmith  (Hebrew, 
Greek,  Syriac,  Spanish,  Bohemian.  Polish, 
Danish,  Persian,  Turkish,  and  Kthiopic). 
His  father  was  a  village  cobbler,  and 
Elihu  had  only  six  months'  education, 
and  that  at  the  school  of  his  brother 
(1*11-1879). 

Carey,  the  missionary  and  Oriental 
translator,  learnt  the  rudiments  of  Eastern 


languages  while  employed  in  making  and 
mending  shoes  (1761-1834). 

Clement  (Joseph),  son  of  a  poor  weaver, 
was  brought  up  as  a  thatcher,  but,  by 
utilizing  his  waste  moments  in  self-edu- 
cation and  works  of  skill,  raised  himself 
to  a  position  of  great  note,  giving  em- 
ployment to  thirty  workmen  (1779-1844). 

Cobrett  learnt  grammar  in  the  waste 
time  of  his  service  as  a  common  soldier 
(1762-1835). 

D'Aouesseau,  the  great  French  chan- 
cellor, observing  that  Mde.  D'Aguessean 
always  delayed  ten  or  twelve  minutes 
before  she  came  down  to  dinner,  began 
and  completed  a  learned  book  of  three 
volumes  (large  quarto),  solely  during 
these  "waste  minutes."  This  work  went 
through  several  editions  (1668-1751). 

Etty  utilized  indefatigably  every  spare 
moment  he  could  pick  up  when  a  journey- 
man printer  (1787-1849). 

Ferguson  taught  himself  astronomy 
while  tending  sheep  in  the  service  of  a 
Scotch  farmer  (1710-1776). 

Franklin,  while  working  as  a  journey- 
man printer,  produced  his  Dissertation  on 
Liberty  and  Necessity,  Pleasure  and  Pain 
(1706-1790). 

Miller  (Hugh)  taught  himself  geology 
while  working  as  a  mason  (1802-1856). 

Paul  worked  as  a  tentmaker  in  intervals 
of  travel  and  preaching. 

%*  This  brief  list  must  be  considered 
only  as  a  hint  and  heading  for  enlarge- 
ment. Of  course,  Henry  Cort,  William 
Fairbairn,  Fox  of  Derby,  II.  Maudslay, 
David  Mushet,  Murray  of  Leeds,  J. 
Nasmyth,  J.  B.  Neilson,  Koberts  oi 
Manchester,  Whitworth,  and  scores  oi 
others  will  occur  to  every  reader.  Indeed, 
genius  for  the  most  part  owes  its  succesr 
to  the  utilization  of  waste  time. 

Wastle  ( William)  %  pseudonym  of 
John  Gibson  Lockhart,  in  Blackwood's 
Magazine  (1794-1854). 

Wat  Dreary,  alias  Brown  Will, 
a  highwayman  in  captain  Macheath's 
gang.  Peachum  says  "he  has  an  under- 
hand way  of  disposing  of  the  goods  he 
stole,"  and  therefore  he  should  allow  him 
to  remain  a  little  longer  "  upon  his  good 
behaviour." — Gay,  The  Beggar's  Operat 
i.  (1727). 

Wat's  Dyke,  a  dyke  which  runs 
from  Flintshire  to  Beachley,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Wye.  The  space  between  Wat's 
Dyke  and  Offa's  Dyke  was  accounted 
neutral  ground.  Ilore  Danes  and  Saxons 
might  traffic   with   the   British   without 


WATER. 


1089    WATLING  STREET  OF  THE  SKY. 


molestation.  The  two  dykeg  are  in 
some  places  as  much  as  three  miles 
asunder,  but  in  others  they  approach 
within  500  yards  of  each  other. 

Archdeacon  Williams  says  that  Ofra'fl 
Dyke  was  never  a  line  of  defence,  and 
that  it  is  certainly  older  than  Oil'a,  as 
five  Roman  roads  cross  it. 

There  is  a  famous  thing 
Called  Offa's  Dyke,  that  reacheth  far  In  length. 
All  kinds  of  ware  the  Danes  might  thither  bring; 
It  was  free  ground,  ami  called  the  Britons'  strength. 
Wat's  Dyke,  likewise,  about  the  same  was  set, 
Between  which  two  both  Danes  and  Unions  met 
In  traffic. 

Churchyard,  Worthlncu  of  Walet  (1587). 

"Water  {The Dancinij),  a  magic  spring 
of  water,  which  ensured  perpetual  youth 
and  beauty. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tales  ("Chery  and  Fairstar,"  1682). 

Water  ( The  Yellow),  a  magic  spring  of 
water,  which  had  this  peculiarity:  If 
only  a  few  drops  of  it  were  placed  in  a 
basin,  no  matter  how  large,  they  would 
fill  the  basin  without  overflowing,  and 
form  a  fountain. — Arabian  NLjhts  ("The 
Two  Sisters  "). 

Water-Poet  (The),  Jonn  Taylor, 
the  Thames  waterman  (1580-1654). 

"Water  Standard,  Cornhill.  This 
was  the  spot  from  which  miles  were 
measured.  It  stood  at  the  east  end  of 
the  street,  at  the  parting  of  four  ways. 
In  1582  Feter  Morris  erected  there  a 
water  standard  for  the  purpose  of  supply- 
ing water  to  Thames  Street,  Gracechurch 
Street,  and  Leadenhall ;  and  also  for 
cleansing  the  channels  of  the  streets 
towards  Bishopsgate,  Aldgate,  the  Bridge, 
and  Stocks'  Market. — Stow,  Survey  of 
London,  459  (1598). 

*„,*  There  was  another  water  standard 
near  Oldbourne. 

Any  substantial  building  for  the  supply 
of  water  was  called  a  standard;  hence 
the  Standard  in  Cheap,  made   in    1  130    by 

John  Wills,  mayor,  "with  a  sm:ill  Btone 
cistern."  Our  modem  drinking-foun- 
tains  are  "  standards." 

Water- Wraith,  the  evil  spirit  of 
the  waters. 

By  this  tho  storm  grew  loud  apace, 
The  water  -wraith  was  shrieking. 

Campbell,  i.ord  Ulllrit  DaugMar. 

Water  from  the  Fountain  of 
Lions,  a  sovereign  remedy  Eor  Fevers  of 

every  kind. — Arabian  Nights  ("Ahmed 
ami  Pari-Banou  "). 

Water  made  Wine.  Alluding  to 
the  first  miracle  of  Christ,  Richard  Cra- 
ehaw  says  (1643) : 

The  conscious  water  saw  Its  God,  and  hlnshed. 


Water  of  Jealousy  (TJte).  This  was 
a  beverage  which  the  Jews  used  to  affirm 
no  adulteress  could  drink  without  burst- 
ing. —  Five  Philosophioal  Questions  An- 
steered  (10.03). 

Water  of  Life.  This  water  has  the 
property  of  changing  the  nature  of  poison, 
and  of  making  those  Balntary  which  were 
most  deadly.  A  fairy  gave  some  in  a  phial 
to  Fiorina,  and  assured  her  that  however 
often  she  used  it,  the  bottle  would  always 
remain  full. — Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy 
Tales  ("  Fiorina,"  1G82). 

Water  of  Youth.    In  the  Basque 

legends  we  are  told  of  a  "  water,"  one 
drop  of  which  will  restore  youth  to  the 
person  on  whom  it  is  sprinkled.  It  will 
also  restore  the  dead  to  life,  and  the  en- 
chanted to  their  original  form.  This 
legend  is  widely  spread.  It  is  called 
"the  dancing  water"  in  the  tale  called 
The  Princess  I'airstar,  by  the  comtesse 
D'Aunoy  (1C82). 

Waters  (Father  of),  Irawaddy  in  Bur- 
niah.    The  Mississippi  in  North  America. 

Waterman  (The),  Tom  Tug.  It  is 
the  title  of  a  ballad  opera  by  Charles 
Dibdin  (1774).  (For  the  plot,  see  Wii.icl- 
mina  Bundle.) 

Watkins  (  William),  the  English  at- 
tendant on  the  prince  of  Scotland. — Sir 
\Yr.  Scott,  Fair  Aliiid  of  Perth  (time, 
(Henry  IV.). 

Watkin's  Pudding  (Sir),  a  famous 
Welsh  dish;  so  named  trom  Mr  Watkin 
Lewis,  a  London  alderman,  who  was  very 
fond  of  it. 

Watling  Street  and  the  Foss. 
The  vast  Roman  road  called  Wailing 
Street  starts  from  Richborough,  in  Kent, 
and,  after  passing  the  Severn,  divides  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  runs  to 
Anglesey,  and  the  other  to  Holy  Head. 

The  Foss  runs  north  and  BOUth  from 
Michael's  Mount,  in  Cornwall,  to  Caith- 
ness, the  northern  extremity  of  Scotland. 

Tho  a  two  mights  wan,  the  Watting  and  the  Foes  .  .  . 

.  .  .  the  tir-t  doth  hold  I 

From  Dover  to  tin'  Earth's!  of  fruitful  An.  1.  sj  ; 

The   second,    south  and    north,   from    Michael's  utmost 

mount 
To  Caithness,  which  the  farth'st  of  Bontland  we  account. 
Drayton,  Polyolbion,  xiii.  (Itil3). 
Secunda  via  principalis  .li.  itur  "  Watellngstreata,"  ten- 
dens  ah  eurc-austro  in  tephyrum  septeutrtonalsm.    ln- 
cipil  i  mm  ■  Dovai  ii  tandem  pel  mi  dium  Can  i 

London,  pel 

mi.  Lltlebume,  per  monti  m  Gilbert!  juxn 
Suloplam,  delude  per  Stratum  el  per  medium  Wallke, 
uaqu  ■  i  ardlgan.—  belaud,  fttnerory  of  Km/and  (in;) 

Watline  Street  of  the  Sky  ( The), 
the  Milky  Wi, . 

4   A 


WATTS. 


1090 


WAYLAND  WOOD. 


Watts  (Dr.  Isaac).  It  is  said  that 
Isaac  Watts,  being  beaten  by  his  father 
for  wasting  his  time  in  writing  verses, 
exclaimed : 

O  father,  pity  on  me  take. 

And  I  will  no  more  verses  make. 

Ovid,  the  Latin  poet,  is  credited  with  a 
similar  anecdote : 

Parce,  precor,  genitor,  poshac  non  versificabo. 

Wauch  (Mansie),  fictitious  name  of 
I)  M.  Moir,  author  of  The  Life  of  Mansie 
Wauck,  Tailor  in  Dallxitk,  written  by 
himself  (1828). 

Waverley,  the  first  of  Scott's  histo- 
rical novels,  published  in  1814.  The 
materials  are  Highland  feudalism,  mili- 
tary bravery,  and  description  of  natural 
scener}'.  There  is  a  fine  vein  of  humour, 
and  a  union  of  fiction  with  history.  The 
chief  characters  are  Charles  Edward  the 
Chevalier,  the  noble  old  baron  of  Brad- 
wardine,  the  simple  faithful  clansman 
Evan  Dhu,  and  the  poor  fool  Davie  Gel- 
latley  with  his  fragments  of  song  and 
scattered  gleams  of  fancy. 

Scott  did  Dot  prefix  bia  name  to  Waverley,  being  afraid 
that  it  might  compromise  Ml  poetical  reputation.— 
Chambers,  JimjIMi  Literature,  ii.  536. 

Waverley  (Captain  Edward)  of  Waver- 
ley Honour,  and  hero  of  the  novel  called 
by  his  name.  Being  gored  by  a  stag,  he 
resigned  his  commission,  and  proposed 
marriage  to  Flora  M'lvor,  but  was  not 
accepted.  Fergus  M'lvor  ( Flora's  brother) 
introduced  him  to  prince  Charles  Edward. 
He  entered  the  service  of  the  Young 
Chevalier,  and  in  the  battle  of  1'rcston 
Pans  saved  the  life  of  colonel  Talbot.  The 
colonel,  out  of  gratitude,  obtained  the 
pardon  of  young  Waverley,  who  then 
married  Rose  Bradwardine,  and  settled 
down  quietly  in  Waverley  Honour. 

Mr.  Richard  Waverley,  the  captain's 
father,  of  Waverley  Honour. 

Sir  Everard  Waverley,  the  captain's 
uncle. 

Mistress  Rachel  Waverley,  sister  of  sir 
Everard. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time, 
George  II.). 

"Wax  (A  lad  o"),  a  spruce  young  man, 
like  a  model  in  wax.  Lucretius  Bpeaks 
of  persona  cerea,  and  Horace  of  the 
waxen  arms  of  Telephus,  meaning  beauti- 
ful in  shape  and  colour. 

A  man,  young  lady  1    Lady,  such  a  man 

As  all  Uie  world Why,  he's  a  man  o'  wax, 

Shakespeare,  Jlomeo  and  Juliet  I1695)l 

"Way  of  the  World  ( The),  a  comedy 
by  W.  Congreve  (17U0).  The  "way  (if 
the  world"  is   to  tie  up  settlements   to 


wives,  to  prevent  their  husbands  squan- 
dering their  wives'  fortunes.  Thus,  Fain- 
all  wanted  to  get  into  his  power  the 
fortune  of  his  wife,  whom  he  hated,  but 
found  it  was  "in  trust  to  Edward  Mira- 
bell,"  and  consequently  could  not  be 
tampered  with. 

Way  to  Keep  Him  ( Tlie),  a  comedy 
by  A.  Murphy  (17G0).  The  object  of 
this  drama  is  to  show  that  women,  after 
marriage,  should  not  wholly  neglect  their 
husbands,  but  should  try  to  please  them, 
and  make  home  agreeable  and  attractive. 
The  chief  persons  are  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lovemorc.  Mr.  Lovemore  has  a  virtuous 
and  excellent  wife,  whom  he  esteems  and 
loves  ;  but,  finding  his  home  insufferably 
dull,  he  seeks  amusement  abroad  ;  and 
those  passions  which  have  no  play  at 
home  lead  him  to  intrigue  and  card- 
playing,  routes  and  dubious  society.  The 
under-plot  is  this  :  Sir  Bashful  Constant 
is  a  mere  imitator  of  Mr.  Lovemore,  and 
lady  Constant  suffers  neglect  from  her 
husband  and  insult  from  his  friends, 
because  he  foolishly  thinks  it  is  not  comme 
il  faut  to  love  after  he  has  married  the 
woman  of  his  choice. 

Ways  and  Means,  a  comedy  by 
Colman  the  younger  (1788).  Random 
and  Scruple  meet  at  Calais  two  young 
ladies,  Harriet  and  Kitty,  daughters  of 
sir  David  Dunder,  and  fall  in  love  with 
them.  They  come  to  Dover,  and  acci- 
dentally meet  sir  David,  who  invites  them 
over  to  Dunder  Hall,  where  they  are  intro- 
duced to  the  two  young  ladies.  Harriet  is 
to  be  married  next  day,  against  her  will,  to 
lord  Snolts,  a  stumpy,  "  gummy"  noble- 
man of  five  and  forty  ;  and,  to  avoid  this 
hateful  match,  she  and  her  sister  agree  to 
elope  at  night  with  the  two  young  guests. 
It  so  happens  that  a  series  of  blunders 
in  the  dark  occur,  and  sir  David  himself 
becomes  privy  to  the  whole  plot,  but,  to 
prevent  scandal,  he  agrees  to  the  two 
marriages,  and  discovers  that  the  young 
men,  both  in  family  and  fortune,  are 
quite  suitable  to  be  his  sons-in-law. 

Wayland  (Launcelot)  or  Wayland 
Shi  ni,  farrier  in  the  vale  of  Whitehorse. 
Afterwards  disguised  as  the  pedlar  at 
Cumnor  Place. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Wayland  Wood  (Norfolk),  said  to 
be  the  site  where  "the  babes  in  the 
wood"  were  left  to  perish.  According 
to  this  tradition,  "  Wayland  Wood"  is  • 
corruption  of  Wailing   Wood. 


WEALTH  MAKES  WOIiTII. 


1091 


WEDDING  DAY. 


Wealth,  makes  Worth. 

A  man  of  wealth  is  dubbed  a  man  of  worth. 

Popo,  Imitations  of  Horace,  vi.  Ml  (1734). 
Et  genus,  et  formam,  regina  Pecunla  doDat, 
Ac  bene  nuininaiiuii  decorat  Suadela  Venusque. 

Horace,  /:,  ,-../  .  vi. 
Beauty  and  wisdom  money  ran  bestow, 
Venua  and  wit  to  wealth  their  honours  throw. 

E.  C.  B. 

Wealtheow  (2  syl.),  wife  of  llroth- 
gar  king  of  Denmark. 

Wealtheow  went  forth  ;  mindful  of  their  races,  she  .  .  . 
greeted  the  men  in  the  hall.  The  freebom  lady  first 
handed  the  cup  to  the  prince  of  the  East  Danes.  .  .  .  The 
lady  of  the  Helmings  then  went  about  every  part  .  .  .  she 
gave  treasure-vessels,  until  the  opportunity  occurred  that 
she  (a  queen  bang  round  with  rings)  .  .  .  bore  forth  the 
mead-cup  to  Reowulf.  .  .  .  and  thanked  God  that  her  will 
was  accomplished,  that  an  earl  of  Denmark  was  a  guarantee 
against  crime  —Beowulf  (Anglo-Saxon  epic,  sixth  century). 

Wealthy  (Sir  William),  a  retired  City 
merchant,  with  one  son  of  prodigal  pro- 
pensities. In  order  to  save  the  young  man 
from  ruin,  the  father  pretends  to  be  dead, 
disguises  himself  as  a  German  baron,  and, 
with  the  aid  of  coadjutors,  becomes  the 
chief  creditor  of  the  young  scapegrace. 

Sir  Gcorye  Wealthy,  the  son  of  sir 
William.  After  having  run  out  his 
money,  Lucy  is  brought  to  him  its  a  cour- 
tezan ;  but  the  young  man  is  so  moved 
with  her  manifest  innocence  and  tale  of 
sorrow  that  he  places  her  in  an  asylum 
where  her  distresses  would  be  sacred, 
"  and  her  indigent  beauty  would  be 
guarded  from  temptation."  Afterwards 
she  becomes  his  wife. 

Mr.  Richard  Wealthy,  merchant,  the 
brother  of  sir  William  ;  choleric,  straight- 
forward, and  tyrannical.  He  thinks 
obedience  is  both  law  and  gospel. 

Lucy  Wealthy,  daughter  of  Richard. 
Her  father  wants  her  to  marry  a  rich 
tradesman,  and,  as  she  refuses  to  do 
bo,  turns  her  out  of  doors.  She  is 
brought  to  sir  George  Wealthy  as  a  fille 
de  joie  ;  but  the  young  man,  discerning 
her  innocence  and  modesty,  places  her 
in  safe  keeping.  He  ultimately  finds  out 
that  she  is  his  cousin,  and  the  two 
parents  rejoice  in  consummating  a  union 
bo  entirely  in  accordance  with  both  their 
wishes. — Foote,  The  Minor  (1700). 

Weary-all  Hill,  above  Glaston- 
bury, to  the  left  of  Tor  Hill.  This  spot 
is  the  traditional  landing-place  of  Joseph 
of  Arimathea ;  and  here  is  the  site 
(marked  by  a  stone  bearing  the  letters 
A.  I.  A.I),  xxxi.)  of  the  holy  thorn. 

When  the  saint  arrived  at  Glastonbury, 
weary  with  his  long  journey,  he  struck 
his  staff  into  the  ground,  and  the  staff 
became  the  famous  thorn,  the  site  being 
called  "  Weary-all  Hill." 


Weatherport  (Captain),  a  naval 
officer. — Sir  \\ .  Scott,  The  Pirate  (lime, 
William  III.). 

Weaver-Poet  of  Inverary  (The), 
William  Thorn  (1799-1850). 

Wea'zel  (Timothy),  attorney-at-law 
at  Lestwithiel,  employed  as  the  agent  of 
Penruddock. — Cumberland,  The  Wheel  of 
Fur  tune  (1778). 

Web  in  a  Millet  Seed  {The). 
This  was  a  web  wrapped  in  a  millet  seed. 
It  was  400  yards  long,  and  on  it  were 
painted  all  sorts  of  bird.-;,  beasts,  and 
fishes;  fruits,  trees,  and  plants;  rocks  and 
shells;  the  sun,  moon,  and  stars;  the  like- 
nesses of  all  the  kings  and  queens  of  the 
earth,  and  many  other  curious  devices. 

The  prince  took  out  of  a  rub)  box  a  walnut,  which  tie 
cracked,  ,  ..and  saw  inside  it  a  small  hazel  mil,  which 
lie  cracked  also,  and  found  Inside  B  kernel  of  wax.  He 
peeled  the  kernel,  and  discovered  a  corn  of  wheat,  and  in 
the  wheat  a  grain  of  millet,  which  contained  l  he  web  — 
Conitesse  D'Aunoy,  fairy  Joint  ("The  White  Cat,"  losJ). 

Wedding.  The  fifth  anniversary  is 
the  Wooden  Wedding,  because  on  that 
occasion  the  suitable  offerings  to  the  wife 
are  knick-knacks  made  of  wood. 

The  twenty-tilth  anniversary  is  called 
the  Silver  Wedding,  because  the  woman 
on  this  occasion  should  be  presented  with 
a  silver  wreath. 

The  fiftieth  anniversary  is  called  the 
Golden  Wedding,  because  the  wreath  or 
flowers  presented  should  be  made  of  gold. 
In  Germany,  the  marriage  ceremony 
was  repeated  on  the  fiftieth  anniversary. 
In  1879  William,  king  of  Prussia  and 
emperor  of  Germany,  celebrated  his 
"golden  wedding." 

The  seventy-fifth  anniversary  is  called 
the  Diamond  Wedding,  because  the  correct 
present  to  the  wife  of  such  a  standing 
would  be  a  diamond.  This  period  is 
shortened  into  the  sixtieth  anniversary. 

Mr.  T.  Morgan  Owen,  of  Bronwylfa, 
Rhyl,  says  there  are  in  Llannetvdd 
churchyard,  near  Denbigh,  the  two  fol- 
lowing inscriptions : — 

(1)  Iohn  and  Klin  Owen,  married  1579. 
died  1659.     Announced  thus  : 

Whom  one  nuptial  bed  did  contains  for  80  year;  do 
bereremaine,  Here  lieth  tbi  bodyol  Kiln,  wife  of  Iohn 
Owen,  who  died  thetfldag  ol  Harch,  166ft  Here  lieth  ihe 
body  of  iohn  Owen,  who  died  the  21  day  of  Aug 

(2)  Catherine  and  Edward  Iones,  mar- 
ried 1038,  died  1708.     Announced  thus: 

They  lived  amicably  together  In  matrimony  70  yean 

Here    lyeth   the  bod]    Ol    Katherine    ll.vic-,    1) 

Edward  hues,  who  waa  buried  the  27  daj  of  Hay,  I70d. 

awed  111  yean.  Here  the  bl  d)  Ol  Edward  bines.  BOn  "f  Iohn- 
np'l'awd,  GeuCi  lyeth,  who  waj  honed  the  14  day  Ol  May, 
17U3.  awed  Wl  )cars.  —  rimer,  July  •»,  la78(weekl)  edition) 

Wedding  Day  ( The),  a  comedy  ty 


WEEPING  PHILOSOPHER. 


1092 


WELLBORN. 


Mrs.  Inchbald  (1790).  The  plot  is  this  : 
Sir  Adam  Contest  lost  his  first  wife  by 
shipwreck,  and  "twelve  or  fourteen 
years"  afterwards  he  led  to  the  altar 
a  young  girl  of  18,  to  whom  he  was 
always  singing  the  praises  of  his  first 
wife — a  phoenix,  a  paragon,  the  ne  plus 
ultra  of  wives  and  women.  She  did 
everything  to  make  him  happy.  She 
loved  him,  obeyed  him  ;  ah  !  "he  would 
,  never  look  upon  her  like  again."  On  the 
(wedding  day,  this  pink  of  wives  and 
'women  made  her  appearance,  told  how 
she  had  been  rescued,  and  sir  Adam  was 
dumfounded.  "  He  was  happy  to  bewail 
her  loss,"  but  to  rejoice  in  her  restora- 
tion was  quite  another  matter. 

Weeping  Philosopher  {The),  He- 
raclitos,  who  looked  at  the  folly  of  man 
with  grief  (fl.  B.C.  500).    (See  Jeddlek.) 

"Weir  (Maj^r),  the  favourite  baboon 
of  sir  Robert  Redgauntlet.  In  the  tale  of 
"Wandering  Willie,"  sir  Robert's  piper 
went  to  the  infernal  regions  to  obtain  the 
knight's  receipt  of  rent,  which  had  been 

Eaid  ;  but  no  receipt  could  be  found, 
ecause  the  monkey  had  carried  it  to  the 
castle  turret. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Eedyauntlct 
(time,  George  III.). 

"Weissnichtwo  [Vice-ncckt-vo],  no- 
where. The  word  is  German  for  "  I 
know  not  where,"  and  was  coined  by 
Carlyle  (Sartor  Iicsartus,  1833).  Sir  W. 
Scott  has  a  similar  Scotch  compound, 
"  Kennaquhair"  ("  I  know  not  where  "). 
Cervantes  has  the  "  island  of  Trapoban  " 
(i.e.  of  "dish-clouts,"  from  trapes,  the 
Spanish  for  "a  dish-clout").  Sir  Thomas 
More  has  "Utopia"  (Greek,  ou  topos,  "no 
place").  We  might  add  the  "  island  of 
Medama"  (Greek,  "nowhere"),  the 
"peninsula  of  UdamogCs"  (Greek,  "no- 
where on  earth"),  the  country  of  "  Ken- 
nahtwhar,"  etc.,  and  place  them  in  the 
great  "Nullibian"  ocean  ("nowhere"), 
in  any  degree  beyond  180°long.and  90  lot. 

Wel'ford,  one  of  the  suitors  of  "the 
Scornful  Lady "  (no  name  is  given  to 
the  lady). — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Scornful  Lady  (1616). 

"Well.  Three  of  the  most  prominent 
Bible  characters  met  their  wives  for  the 
first  time  by  wells  of  water,  viz.,  Isaac, 
Jacob,  and  Moses. 

Eliezer  met  Hebekah  by  a  well,  and 
arranged  with  Bethucl  for  her  to  become 
Isaac's  wife. — Gen.  x.xiv. 

Jacob  met  Rachel  by  the  well  of  Ilaran. 
—Gen.  xxix. 


When  Moses  fled  from  Egypt  into  the  land 
of  Midian,  he  "  sat  down  by  a  well,"  and 
the  seven  daughters  of  Jethro  came  there 
to  draw  water,  one  of  whom,  named  Zip- 
porah,  became  his  wife. — Exod.  ii.  15—21. 

The  princess  Nausicaa,  daughter  of 
Alcinoos  king  of  the  Phseacians,  was 
with  her  maidens  washing  their  dirty 
linen  in  a  rivulet,  when  she  first  encMn- 
tered  Ulysses. — Homer,  Odyssey,  vi. 

Well.  "A  well  and  a  green  vine  run- 
ning over  it,"  emblem  of  the  patriarch 
Joseph.  In  the  church  at  Totnes  is  a 
stone  pulpit  divided  into  compartments, 
containing  shields  decorated  with  the 
several  emblems  of  the  Jewish  tribes. 
On  one  of  the  shields  is  "a  well  and  a 
green  vine  running  over  it." 

Joseph  is  a  fruitful  bough,  even  a  fruitful  bough  by  • 
well ,  whose  branches  run  over  the  wall. — Gen.  xlix.  Ti. 

Well  of  English  Undefiled.  So 
Spenser  calls  Chaucer. 

Dan  Chaucer,  well  of  English  undefiled, 

On  Fame's  eternal  bead-roll  worthy  to  be  filed. 

Spenser,  Faery  Queen,  iv.  2  11696). 

Welland,  a  river  of  England,  which 
passes  by  Stamford,  etc.,  and  empties 
itself  into  the  Wash.  Urayton  speaks  of 
an  ancient  prophecy  which  brought  to 
this  river  great  reverence  : 

That  she  alone  should  drown  all  Holland,  and  should  ie« 
Her  Stamford  ...  as  renowned  for  liberal  arts  .  .  . 
As  they  in  Cambridge  are,  or  Oxford  ever  were. 

Polyolbion.  xxir.  (1C22). 

***  The  "Holland"  here  referred  to 
is  not  the  Netherlands,  but  a  district  of 
Lincolnshire  so  called.  (See  Holland, 
p.  4 18.) 

WeU-Beloved  (The),  Charles  IV.  of 
France,  Le  Men-Aimer  (1368,  1380-1422). 

Louis  XV.  of  France,  Le  Bien-Aime 
(1710,  1715-1774). 

Well-Founded  Doctor  (TJte), 
jEgidius  de  Colonna  ;  also  called  "The 
Must  Profound  Doctor"  (Doctor  Fimdatis- 
simus  et  Thcoloaorum  Princeps) ;  some- 
times surnamed  "  Romanus,"  because  he 
was  born  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  but 
more  generally  "Colonna,"  from  a  town 
in  the  Campagna  (1247-1316). 

Wellborn  (Francis,  usually  called 
Frank),  nephew  of  sir  Giles  Overreach, 
and  son  of  sir  John  Wellborn,  who  "bore 
the  whole  sway"  of  Northamptonshire, 
kept  a  large  estate,  and  was  highly 
honoured.  Frank  squandered  away  the 
property,  and  got  greatly  into  debt,  but 
induced  lady  Allworth  to  give  him  her 
countenance,  out  of  gratitude  and  respect 
to  his  father.     Sir  Giles  fancies  that  the 


WELLE  I :. 


1093 


WEUE-WOLF. 


rich  dowager  is  about  to  marry  his 
nephew,  and,  in  order  to  bring  about  this 
desirable  consummation,  not  only  pays 
all  his  debts,  but  supplies  him  liberally 
with  read}'  money.  Being  thus  freed 
from  debt,  and  having  sown  his  wild  oats, 
young  Wellborn  reforms,  and  lord  Lovell 
gives  him  a  "  company." — Massinger,  A 
New  Way  to  Pay  Old  Debts  (1625). 

Weller  (Samuel),  boots  at  the  White 
Hart,  and  afterwards  servant  to  Mr. 
Piokwick,  to  whom  he  becomes  devotedly 
attached.  Bather  than  leave  bis  master 
when  he  is  sent  to  the  Fleet,  Sam  Weller 
gets  his  father  to  arrest  him  for  debt. 
His  fun,  his  shrewdness,  his  comparisons, 
his  archness,  and  his  cunning  on  behalf 
of  his  master  are  unparalleled. 

Tony  Weller,  father  of  Sam  ;  a  coach- 
man of  the  old  school,  who  drives  a  coach 
between  London  and  Dorking.  Naturally 
portly  in  size,  he  becomes  far  more  so  in 
his  great-coat  of  many  capes.  Tony 
wears  top-boots,  and  his  hat  has  a  low 
crown  and  broad  brim.  On  the  stage- 
box  he  is  a  king,  elsewhere  he  is  a  mere 
greenhorn.  He  marries  a  widow,  land- 
lady of  the  Marquis  of  Granby,  and  his 
constant  advice  to  Ins  son  is,  "Sam, 
beware  of  the  widders." — C.  Dickens, 
The  Pickwick  Papers  (1836). 

"Wellington  of  Gamblers  (The). 
Lord  Rivers  was  called  in  Paris  Le  Wel- 
lington des  Joiicurs. 

"Wellington's  Horse,  Copenhagen. 
It  died  at  the  age  of  27. 

"Wemmick,  clerk  of  Mr.  Jaggers  the 
lawyer,  lie  lived  at  Walworth.  Wem- 
mick was  a  dry  man,  rather  short  in 
stature,  with  square,  wooden  lace.  "There 
were  some  marks  in  the  face  which  might 
have  been  dimples  if  the  material  had 
been  softer."  His  linen  was  frayed  ;  he 
wore  four  mourning  rings,  and  a  brooch 
representing  a  lady,  a  weeping  willow, 
and  a  cinerary  urn.  His  eyes  were  small 
and  glittering;  his  lips  small,  thin,  and 
mottled  ;  his  age  was  between  10  and  50 
years.  Mr.  Wemmick  wore  his  hat  on 
the  back  of  his  head,  and  looked  straight 
before  him,  as  if  nothing  was  worth  look- 
ing at.  Mr.  Wemmick  at  home  and  Mr. 
Wemmick  in  his  office  were  two  distinct 
beings.  At  home,  lie  was  his  "  own 
engineer,  his  own  carpenter,  his  own 
plumber,  his  own  gardener,  his  own  Jack- 
of-all-trades,"  and  had  fortified  his  little 
wooden  house  like  commodore  Trunnion 
(q.v.).     His  father  lived    with   him,  and 


he  called  him  "The  Aged."  The  old 
man  was  very  deaf,  but  heated  the  poker 
with  delight  to  lire  otf  the  nine  o'clock 
signal,  and  chuckled  with  joy  because 
lie  could  hear  the  bang.  The  house  had 
a  "real  flagstaff,"  and  a  plank  which 
crossed  a  ditch  some  lour  feet  wide  and 
two  feet  deep  was  the  drawbridge.  At 
nine  o'clock  p.m.  Greenwich  time  the 
gun  (called  "The  Stinger")  was  lired. 

The  piece  of  ordnance  was  mounted  In  a  wi>intta 
forties  ,  constructed  of  lattice-work.     It  waa  ;  i 

from  the  weather  i>y  an  Ingenious  little  tarpaulin  con- 
trlvance  In  the  nature  "i  an  umlirella. — C.  l)ick>  t 

BxpectattoJU,  xxv.  [1860). 

(This  is  a  bad  imitation  of  Smollett. 
In  commodore  Trunnion  such  a  conceit  is 
characteristic,  but  in  a  lawyer's  clerk  not 
so.  Still,  it  might  have  passed  as  a  good 
whim  if  it  had  been  original.) 

Wenloek  (Wild  Wenlock),  kinsman  of 
sir  Hugo  tie  Lacy  constable  oft  luster.  II  is 
head  is  cut  off  by  the  insurgents. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Betrothed  (time,  Henry  11.). 

"Weno'nah,  mother  of  Hiawatha  and 
daughter   of    Noko'mis.      Nbkomifl   waa 

swinging  in  the  moon,  when  some  of  her 
companions,  out  of  jealousy,  cut  the 
ropes,  and  she  fell  to  earth  "  like  a 
tailing  star."  That  night  was  born  her 
first  child,  a  daughter,  whom  she  named 
Wenonah.  In  due  time,  this  lovely 
daughter  was  wooed  and  won  by  Mudje- 
kee'wis  (the  west  wind),  and  became  tho 
mother  of  Hiawatha.  The  false  West 
Wind  deserted  her,  and  the  young  mother 
died. 

Fair  Kokoznla  bore  a  daughter, 
And  she  called  bet  name  Wenonah. 

Longfellow,  BiamOMa,  ill  (lSSu* 

"Wentworth  (Eva)t  the  beau-ideal 
of  female  purity.  She  was  educated  in 
strict   seclusion.      De  t'ourcy  fell   in   lovo 

with  her,  but  deceived  her;  whereupon 
she  died  calmly  and  tranquilly,  elevated 
by  religious  hope.  (Sec  Zaiba.) — Rev. 
C.  L.  Maturin,  Women  (a  romance,  1822  . 

"Wept.  "  We  wept  when  we  came 
into  the  world,  and  every  day  tells  us 
why."  —  Goldsmith,  T/ie  Qood-Natured 
Man,  U  1  (1768). 

"Werburg  (Si.),  born  a  princess.  By 
her  prayers,  she  drove  the  wild  j;m*e 
from  Weedon. 

She  hlletb  In  bet  pay  with  Weedon,  where,  'tis  said, 
si   Werburg,  prlncelj  bom— «  most  religious  lu.ii.t— 
From  Uuiso  peculiar,  fields,  b]  prayer  tin;  wild  ni'<«-c  .Ir.ire, 
Drayton,  PeJirc/Mois,  txltt.  (18U). 

"Were-Wolf  (2  syl.),  a  man-wolf,  • 
man  transformed  into  a  wolf  temporarily 
or  otherwise. 


WERNER. 


1094 


WEST  INDIAN. 


Oft  through  the  forest  dark. 
Followed  the  were-wolfs  bark. 

Longfellow,  The  Skeleton  in  Armour. 

"Werner,  the  boy  said  to  have  been 
crucified  at  Bacharach,  on  the  Rhine,  by 
the  Jews.     (See  Hugh  of  Lincoln.) 

The  innocent  hoy  who,  some  years  hack. 
Was  taken  and  crucified  by  the  Jews 
In  that  ancient  town  of  riacliarach. 

Longfellow,  The  Golden  Legend  (1851). 

"Werner  or  Kruitaner  (count  of 
Siegendorf),  father  of  Ulric.  Being 
driven  from  the  dominions  of  his  father, 
he  wandered  about  for  twelve  years  as  a 
beggar,  hunted  from  place  to  place  by 
count  Stral'enlieim.  At  length,  Stra- 
lenheim,  travelling  through  Silesia,  was 
rescued  from  the  Oder  by  Gabor  {alias 
Ulric),  and  was  lodged  in  an  old  tumble- 
down palace,  where  Werner  had  been 
lodging  for  some  few  days.  Here  Wer- 
ner robbed  the  count  of  a  rouleau  of  gold, 
and  next  day  the  count  was  murdered  by 
Ulric  (without  the  connivance  or  even 
knowledge  of  Werner).  When  Werner 
succeeded  to  the  rank  and  wealth  of 
count  Siegendorf,  he  became  aware  that 
his  son  Ulric  was  the  murderer,  and  de- 
nounced him.  Ulric  departed,  and  Wer- 
ner said,  "The  race  of  Siegendorf  is  past." 
— Byron,  Werner  (1821). 

(This  drama  is  borrowed  from  "  Kruitz- 
ner  or  The  German's  Tale,"  in  Miss  II. 
Lee's  Canterbury  Tales,  1797-1805.) 

"Werther,  a  young  German  student, 
of  poetic  fancy  and  very  sensitive  dis- 
position, who  falls  in  love  with  Lotte  (2 
st/l.)  the  betrothed  and  afterwards  the 
wife  of  Albert.  Werther  becomes 
acquainted  with  Lotte's  husband,  who  in- 
vites liim  to  stay  with  him  as  a  guest.  In 
this  visit  his  love  blazes  out  into  a  ter- 
rible passion,  and  after  vainly  striving 
to  fight  it  down,  he  puts  an  end  to  his 
misery  by  shooting  himself. — Goethe, 
Sorrows  of  Young  Werther — 1774. 

:;y:;:  Goethe  represents  himself,  or 
rather  one  of  the  moods  of  his  mind,  in 
the  character  of  Werther.  The  catas- 
trophe, however,  is  borrowed  from  the 
fate  of  a  schoolfellow  of  his  named  Jeru- 
salem, who  shot  himself  on  account  of  a 
hopeless  passion  for  a  married  woman. 
"Albert"  and  "Lotto"  were  sketched 
from  his  friends  Albert  and  Charlotte 
Kestner,  a  young  couple  with  whom  he 
had  relations  not  unlike  those  of  Wer- 
ther in  the  early  part  of  the  story  with 
the  fictitious  characters. 

Werther  of  Politics.     The  marquis 


of  Londonderry  is  so  called  by  lord 
Byron.  Werther,  the  personification  of 
maudlin  sentimentality,  is  the  hero  of 
Goethe's  romance  entitled  Tlie  Sorrows  of 
Werther  (1774). 

It  is  the  first  time  since  the  Norman9,  that  England  hsu 
been  insulted  by  a  minister  who  could  not  speak  English, 
and  that  parliament  permitted  itself  to  he  dictated  to  in 
the  language  of  Mrs  Malaprop.  .  .  .  Let  us  hear  no  more 
of  this  man,  and  let  Ireland  remove  the  ashes  of  her 
Grattan  from  the  sanctuary  of  Westminster.  Shall  the 
Patriot  of  Humanity  repose  by  the  Werther  of  Politics! 
— Ly  roll,  Von  Juan  (preface  to  canto  vi.,  etc.,  1824}. 

"Wer'therism  {th=t),  spleen,  me- 
grims from  morbid  sentimentality,  a 
settled  melancholy  and  disgust  of  life. 
The  word  is  derived  from  the  romance 
called  The  Sorrows  of  Werther,  by  Goethe 
(1774),  the  gist  of  which  is  to  prove 
"  Whatever  is  is  wrong." 

"Wessel  (Peder),  a  tailor's  apprentice, 
who  rose  to  the  rank  of  vice-admiral  of 
Denmark,  in  the  reign  of  Christian  V. 
He  was  called  Tor'denskiold  (3  si/l.)~  cor- 
rupted into  Tordenskiol  (the  "Thunder 
Shield  "),  and  was  killed  in  a  duel. 

North  Baa  I  n  glimpse  of  Wessel  rent 

Thy  murky  sky.  .  .  . 

From  Denmark  thunders  Tordenskiol; 

Let  each  to  heaven  commend  his  soul, 

Andtly. 

Longfellow,  King  Christian  [r.J, 

"Wessex,  Devonshire,  Somersetshire, 
Wiltshire,  and  their  adjacents.  Ivor  son 
of  Cadwallader,  and  Ini  or  Hiner  his 
nephew,  were  sent  to  England  by  Cad- 
wallader when  he  was  in  Rome,  to 
"  govern  the  remnant  of  the  Britons." 

As  the  generals,  [he] 

His  nephew  Ivor  chose,  and  Hiner  for  his  pheer; 
Two  most  undaunted  sp'rits  these  valiant  Britons  were. 
The  first  who  Wessex  won. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion,  lx.  (1612). 

(The  kingdom  of  Wessex  was  founded 
in  495  by  Cerdic  and  Cynric,  and  Ini  was 
king  of  Wessex  from  088  to  726.  Instead 
of  being  a  British  king  who  ousted  the 
Saxons,  he  was  of  the  royal  line  of 
Cerdic,  and  came  regularly  to  the  succes- 
sion.) 

"West  Indian  {The),  a  comedy  by 
R.  Cumberland  (1771).  Mr.  Belcour,  the 
adopted  son  of  a  wealthy  Jamaica  mer- 
chant, on  the  death  of  his  adopted  father 
came  to  London,  to  the  house  of  Mr. 
Stockwell,  once  the  clerk  of  Belcour, 
senior.  This  clerk  had  secretly  married 
Belcour's  daughter,  and  when  her  boy  was 
born  it  was  "  laid  as  a  foundling  at  her 
father's  door."  Old  Belcour  brought  the 
child  up  as  his  own  son,  and  at  death 
"  bequeathed  to  him  his  whole  estate." 
The  young  man  then  came  to  London  an 
the  guest  of  Mr.  Stockwell,  the  rich  r»ver- 


WESTERN. 


1095 


WHETSTONE  CUT,  ETC. 


chant,   and  accidentally  encountered   in 

the  street  Miss  Louisa  Dudley,  with  whom 
he  fell  in  l«>ve.  Louisa,  with  her  father 
captain  Dudley,  and  her  brother  Charles, 
all  in  the  greatest  poverty,  were  Li 
with  a  Mr.  Fulmer,  ;t  small  bookseller. 
Belcour  gets  introduced,  and  after  the 
usual  mistakes  and  hairbreadth  escapes, 
makes  her  his  wife. 

Western  (Squire),  a  jovial,  fox-hunt- 
ing country  gentleman,  supremely  igno- 
rant of  book-learning,  very  prejudiced, 
sellish,  irascible,  and  countrified  ;  but 
shrewd,  good-natured,  and  very  fond  of 
his  daughter  Sophia. 

Philip,  carl  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  was  in 
charm  star  a  noire  Western,  choleric,  boisterous,  Illiterate, 
telii-li,  absurd,  and  cowardly. — Osborne,  Secret  History, 
I  218. 

Squire  Western  stands  alone  ;  imitated  from  no  proto- 
type, and  in  himself  an  inimitable  picture  of  ignorance, 
prejudice,  Irascibility,  and  rusticity,  united  with  natural 
shrewdness,  constitutional  good  humour,  and  an  in- 
stinctive affection  for  his  daughter. — Sncyc  iirit..  Art. 

Fielding." 

Sophia  Western,  daughter  of  squire 
Western.  She  becomes  engaged  to  Tom 
Jones  the  foundling.  —  Fielding,  Tom 
Jones  (1749). 

There  now  are  no  s<|iiire  Westerns,  as  of  old; 

And  our  Sophias  are  not  so  emphatic, 
But  fair  as  litem  [liej  or  fairer  to  behold; 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  xiii.  110  (1824). 

"Westlock  (John),  a  quondam  pupil 
of  Mr.  Pecksniff  ("architect  and  land 
surveyor").  John  Westlock  marries 
Ruth,  the  sister  of  Tom  Pinch.  —  C. 
Dickens,  Martin  Chuzzlewit  (1813). 

Westminster  Abbey  of  Den- 
mark (The),  the  cathedral  of  Roeskilde, 
some  sixteen  miles  west  of  Copenhagen. 

Westmoreland,  according  to  fable, 
is  West-Mar-land.  Mar  or  Marius,  son 
of  Arviragus,  was  king  of  the  British, 
and  overthrew  Rodric  the  Scythian  in  the 
north-west  of  England,  where  he  set  up 
a  stone  with  an  inscription  of  this  victory, 
"both  of  which  remain  to  this  day." — 
Geoffrey,  British  History,  iv.  17  (1112). 

Westward  Hoe,  a  comedy  by 
Thomas  1  >ekker  (1G07).  The  Rev.  I  lharles 
Kingsley  published  a  novel  in  1864  en- 
titled Westward  Ilo!  or  The  Voyages  and 
Adventures  of  Sir  Amyas  Leigh  m  the 
Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  (See  East- 
ward llOE.) 

Wetlieral  (Stephen),  surnamed 
"Stephen  Steelheart,  in  the  troop  of 
lord  Waldemrr  Fitzurse  (a  baron  follow- 
ing prince  John).— Sir  W.  Scott,  Ivanhoe 
(time,  Richard  I.). 


Wetherell    (Elizabeth),   Miss    Susan 
Warner,   authoress    of    The    Wide    Wide 
L862),  Queechy  (l«5:i),  etc. 

Wetzweiler  (Tid)  or  Le  Qlorieux, 
the  court  jester  <•  "the  Bold" 

duke  of  Burgundy. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Uuen- 

ttn  Durward  (tune,  Edward  IV. J. 

Whachum,  journeyman  to  Sid- 
rophel.  He  wa3  Richard  Green,  who 
published  a  pamphlet  of  base  ribaldry, 
called  Hvdibras  in  n  Snare  (1667). 

A  paltry  wretch  he  had,  bair-etarred. 

Thar  him  in  place  ol  zany  served, 
Uighi  Whachum, 

S.  Uutler.  nudlbrat,  IL  S  (1G64). 

"Whally  Eyes,  Le.   Whale-like  eyes. 

Spenser  says  that  "Whally  eyes  are  a 
si^n  of  jealousy." — Faery  Queen,  1.  iv. 
21  (1590). 

Whang,  an  avaricious  Chinese  miller, 
who,  by  great  thrift,  was  pretty  well  off, 
but,  one  day,  being  told  that  a  n<  ighbour 

had  found  a  pot  of  money  which  he  had 
dreamt  of,  began  to  be  dissatisfied  witii 
his  slow  gains  and  longed  for  a  dream 
also.  At  length  the  dream  came,  lie 
dreamt  there  was  a  huge  pot  of  gold 
concealed  under  his  mill,  and  set  to  work 
to  find  it.  The  lirst  omen  of  success  was 
a  broken  mug,  then  a  house-tile,  and  at 
Length,  after  much  digging,  he  came  to  a 
stone  so  large  that,  he  could  not  lift  it. 
He  ran  to  tell  his  luck  to  his  wife,  and  the 
two  tugged  at  the  stone,  but  as  they  re- 
moved it,  down  tell  the  mill  in  utter  ruins. 
— Goldsmith,^  L'ttcen  of  the  World,  lxx. 
(17.0H). 

What  Next?  a  farce  by  T.  Dibdin. 
Colonel  Clifford  meets  at  Brighton 
two  cousins,  Sophia  and  Clarissa  Touch- 
wood, and  falls  in  love  with  the  latter, 
who  is  the  sister  of  major  Toucl 
but.  thinks  her  Christian  name  is  Sophia, 
and  so  is  accepted  by  Sophia's  father,  who 
is  colonel  Touchwood.  Now,  it  so  hap- 
pens that  major  Touchwood  is  in  lovo 
with  his  cousin  Sophia,  and  looks  on 
colonel  Clifford  as  his  rival.  The  major 
tries  to  outwit,  his  supposed  rival,  but 
'finds  they  are  both  in  error,  that  it  is 
Clarissa  whom  the  colonel  wishes  to 
marry,  and  that  Sophia  is  quite  tree  to 
follow  the  bent  of  her  own  and  the 
major's  choice. 

"Wheel  of  Fortune  ( 271*),  a  comedy 
by  R.  Cumberland  ( l-  7:'). 

%*  Foi  the  plot  and  talc,  sec  PSKBITD- 
DOCK. 

Whetstone    Cut   by   a    Ea: 


WHIMS. 


1096 


WHITE  BIRDS. 


Accius  Navins,  the  augur,  cut  a  whet- 
stone with  a  razor  in  the  presence  of  Tar- 
quin  the  elder. 

In  short,  'twas  his  fate,  unemployed  or  in  place,  sir. 

To  eat  mutton  cold,  ami  cut  Mocks  with  a  razor. 

Goldsmith,  Retaliation  ("Burke"  is  referred  to,  1774). 

Whims  (Qneen),  the  monarch  of 
Whinidom,  or  country  of  whims,  fancies, 
and  literary  speculations.  Her  subjects 
were  alchemists,  astrologers,  fortune- 
tellers, rhymers,  projectors,  schoolmen, 
and  so  forth.  The  best  way  of  reaching 
Jthis  empire  is  "to  trust  to  the  whirlwind 
and  the  current."  When  Pantagruel's 
ship  ran  aground,  it  was  towed  off  by 
7,000,000  drums  quite  easily.  These 
drums  are  the  vain  imaginings  of  whim- 
syists.  Whenever  a  person  is  perplexed 
at  any  knotty  point  of  science  or  doctrine, 
some  drum  will  serve  for  a  nostrum  to 
pull  him  through. — Rabelais,  Pantwjruel, 
v.  18,  etc.  (1545). 

"Whim'sey,  a  whimsical,  kind- 
hearted  old  man,  father  to  Charlotte  and 
"  young"  Whimsey. 

As  suspicious  of  everybody  above  him,  as  if  he  had  been 
bred  a  rogue  himself, — Act  i.  1. 

Charlotte  Whimsey,  the  pretty  daughter 
of  old  Whimsey  ;  in  love  with  MonforcL 
— James  Cobb,  The  First  Floor. 

Whip  with  Six  Lashes,  the  "  Six 
Articles"  of  Henry  VIII.  (1539). 

Whipping  Boy.  A  boy  kept  to  be 
whipped  when  a  prince  deserved  chas- 
tisement. 

Haknaby  Fitzpatrick  stood  for  Ed- 
ward VI. 

D'Ossat  and  Du  PsRROX,  afterwards 
cardinals,  were  whipped  by  Clement  VI 1 1, 
for  Henri  IV.  of  France. — Fuller,  Church 
History,  ii.  342  (1655). 

Mun<;o  Murray  stood  for  Charles  I. 

Raphael  was  Hugged  for  the  son  of 
the  marquis  dc  Leganez,  but,  not  seeing 
the  justice  of  this  arrangement,  he  ran 
away. — Lesage,  Git  Bias,  v.  1  (1724). 

Whisker,  the  pony  of  Mr.  Garland, 
Abel  Cottage,  Finchley. 

There  approached  towards  him  a  little,  clattering,  jing- 
ling, four-wheeled  chaise,  drawn  by  a  little,  obstlnate- 
looktng,  rough-coated  pony,  and  driven  by  a  little,  fat. 
placid-faced  old  gentleman.  Beside  the  little  old  gentle- 
man sat  iv  little  old  lady,  plump  ami  placid  like  himself, 
and  the  pony  was  coming  along  at  Ms  own  pace, and 
doing  exactly  as  he  pleased  with  thowhole  concern.     If 

ti M  gentleman  ret ustrated  by  shaking  the  reins,  the 

pony  i.  plied  b]  shaking  his  bead.  It  w:is  plain  that  too 
utmost  the  pony  would  consent  to  do  was  tn  g.p  iii  his  own 
way, .  .  .  after  his  own  fashion,  or  not  at  all. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Old  Curio$ity  Shoi>,  xiv.  (ls-10). 

Whiskerandos  (Don  Fcro'lo),  the 
sentimental  lover  of  Tilburina. — Sheridan, 
The  Critic,  ii.  1  (1770). 


Whist  (Father  of  the  game  of), 
Edinond  Hoyle  (1672-i769). 

Whistle  ( Tlie).  In  the  train  of  Anne 
of  Denmark,  when  she  went  to  Scotland 
with  James  VI.,  was  a  gigantic  Dane  of 
matchless  drinking  capacity.  He  had  an 
ebony  whistle  which,  at  the  beginning  of 
a  drinking  bout,  he  would  lay  on  the  table, 
and  whoever  was  last  able  to  blow  it,  was 
to  be  considered  the  "  Champion  of  the 
Whistle."  In  Scotland  the  Dane  was  de- 
feated by  sir  Robert  Laurie  of  Maxwclton, 
who,  after  three  days'  and  three  nights' 
hard  drinking,  left  the  Dane  under  the 
table,  and  "blew  on  the  whistle  his 
requiem  shrill."  The  whistle  remained 
in  the  family  several  years,  when  it  was 
won  by  sir  Walter  Laurie,  son  of  sir 
Robert ;  and  then  by  Walter  Riddel  of 
Glenriddel,  brother-in-law  of  sir  Walter 
Laurie.  The  last  person  who  carried  it 
off  was  Alexander  Ferguson  of  Craig- 
darroch,  son  of  "  Annie  Laurie,"  so  well 
known. 

%*  Rums  has  a  ballad  on  the  subject, 
called  The  Whistle. 

Whistle,  The  blackbird,  says  Drayton, 
is  the  only  bird  that  whistles. 

Upon  his  dulcet  pipe  the  merle  doth  only  play. 

Polyolbiun,  xiil.  (1613). 

Whistled.  "He  whistled  as  he  went, 
for  want  of  thought." — Dryden,  Cyuwn 
and  Iphujenia. 

Whistler  (The),  a  young  thief, 
natural  son  of  sir  G.  Staunton,  whom  he 
shot  after  his  marriage  with  Ktlie  Deans. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart  of  Midlothian  (time, 
George  II.). 

Whistling.  Mr.  Townley,  of  Hull, 
says,  in  A'vtes  and  Queries,  August  2, 
L879,  that  a  Homan  Catholic  checked  his 
wife,  who  was  whistling  for  a  dog  :  "  If 
you  please,  ma'am,  don't  whistle.  Every 
time  a  woman  whistles,  the  heart  of  the 
blessed  Virgin  bleeds." 

I'm-  poule  qui  (haute  le  coq  et  one  fille  qui  tlffle  por- 
tent ma'lieur  dans  la  maison. 

La  poule  lie  doit  point  chanter  devant  le  coq, 
A  whistling  wnii, an  and  a  crowing  hen 
Are  neither  good  for  (Jod  or  men. 

W  hi  taker  (Richard),  the  old  steward 
of  sir  Geoffery  PeveriL — Sir  W.  Scott, 

PeverUof  the  Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Whitchurch,  in  Middlesex  (or  Little 
Stanmore),  is  the  pariah,  and  William 
Powell  was  the  blacksmith,  made  cele- 
brated by  Handel's  Harmonious  lilack- 
smith.     Powell  died  1780. 

White  Birds.    SomeMohaminedana 


WHITE  CAT. 


1097     WHITE  HOUSE  OF  WANTAGE. 


believe  that  the  spirits  of  the  faithful  (if 
neither  prophets  nor  martyrs)  abide 
under  the  throne  of  God,  in  the  form  of 
white   birds.     Martyrs   are   green    birds, 

and  prophets  are  taken  to  paradise  direct 
in  propria  persona. 

White  Cat  ( The).  A  certain  queen, 
desirous  of  obtaining  some  fairy  fruit, 
was  told  she  might  gather  as  much  as 
she  would  if  she  would  give  to  them  the 
child  about  to  be  born.  The  queen 
agreed,  and  the  new-born  child  was 
carried  to  the  fairies.  When  of  marriage- 
able age,  the  fairies  wanted  her  to 
marry  Migonnet  a  fairy-dwarf,  and,  as 
she  refused  to  do  so,  changed  her  into  a 
white  cat.  Now  comes  the  second  part. 
An  old  king  had  three  sons,  and  promised 
to  resign  the  kingdom  to  that  son  who 
brought  him  the  smallest  dog.  The 
youngest  son  wandered  to  a  palace,  where 
he  saw  a  white  cat  endowed  with  human 
speech,  who  gave  him  a  dog  so  tiny  that 
the  prince  carried  it  in  an  acorn  shell. 
The  father  then  said  he  would  resign  his 
crown  to  that  son  who  brought  him  home 
aweb,  400  yards  long,  which  would  piss 
through  the  eye  of  a  needle.  The  White 
Cat  gave  the  prince  a  toil  400  yards  long 
packed  in  the  shale  of  a  millet,  grain.  The 
king  then  told  his  sons  he  would  resign  his 
throne  to  that  son  who  brought  home  the 
handsomest  bride.  The  White  Cat  told 
the  prince  to  cut  off  its  head  and  tail. 
On  doing  so,  the  creature  resumed  her 
human  form,  and  was  acknowledged  to 
be  the  most  beautiful  woman  on  the  earth. 

Her  eyes  committal  tlieft  upon  nil  hearts,  and  her 
sweetness  kept  tliem  captive.  Her  shape  «;is  majestic, 
her  air  noble  ami  modest,  her  wit  Bowing,  her  manners 
In  a  word,  she  wa.s  beyond  everything  that 
waslovi  U.—  Comtesse  D'Aunoy,  Fairy  Tale*  ("The  White 
Cat,"  1Gb:!). 

White  Clergy  (The),  the  parish 
priests,  in  contradistinction  to  The  Black 
Clergy  or  monks,  in  Russia. 

White  Cross  Knights,  the 
Knights  Hospitallers.  The  Knights 
Templars  wore  a  red  cross. 

Tin  White  Cross  Knight  of  the  adjnrcnt  Isle. 
Kobert  Browning,  The  Return  of  the  Druifs,  L 

White  Devil  of  Wallachia. 
George  Castriota,  known  as  "Scander- 
bejr,  was  called  by  the  Turks  "The 
White  Devil  of  Wallachia"  (1404-1467). 

White  Elephant  (Kin  /  of  the),  a 
title  of  the  kings  of  Ava  and  Siam. 

White  Fast  {The),  the  day  of  atone- 
ment in  the  Jewish  synagogues. 


White  Friars  (TJie),  the  Carmelites, 
who  dress  in  white. 

%*  There  is  a  novel  by  Miss  Robinson 
called  White  Friars, 

White  Hoods  (or  Cha/Krons  Blancs), 
the  insurgeuts  of  Ghent,  led  by  Jean 
Lyons,   noted  for   their   flight  at   Biinne- 

water  to  prevent  the  digging  of  a  canal 
which  they  fancied  would  be  injurious  to 
trade. 

8aw  the  light  at  Mlnnewater,  aw  the  "White  Hoods" 
moving  west. 

Longfellow,  The  Belfry  of  Bruges. 

White  Horse  (.A),  the  Saxon  banner, 
still  preserved  in  the  royal  shield  of  the 
house  of  Hanover. 

A  burly,  genial  race  has  raised 
The  White  Horse  standard. 

T.  Woolner,  ily  Beautiful  Lady. 

W/iite  Horse  (Lords  of  the),  the  old 
Saxon  chiefs,  whose  standard  was  a 
white  horse. 

And  tampered  with  the  lords  of  the  White  Horse. 
Tennyson,  Uuinevero. 

White  Horse  of  the  Peppers, 
a  sprat  to  catch  a  mackerel.  Alter  the 
battle  of  the  Boyne,  the  estates  of  many 
of  the  Jacobites  were  confiscated,  and 
given  to  the  adherents  of  William  III. 
Amongst  others,  the  estate  of  the  Peppers 
was  forfeited,  and  the  Orangeman  to 
whom  it  was  awarded  went  to  take  pos- 
session. "  Where  was  it,  and  what  was 
its  extent?"  These  were  all-important 
questions  ;  and  the  Orangeman  was  led 
up  and  down,  hither  and  thither,  for 
several  days,  under  pretence  of  showing 
them  to  him.  He  had  to  join  the  army 
by  a  certain  day,  but  was  led  so  far  a- 
field  that  he  agreed  to  forego  his  claim 
if  supplied  with  the  means  of  reaching 
his  regiment  within  the  given  time. 
Accordingly,  the  "white  horse,"  the 
pride  of  the  family,  and  the  fastest 
animal  in  the  land,  was  placed  at  his 
disposal, the  king's  grant  was  revoked,  and 
the  estate  remained  in  the  possession  of 
the  original  owner. — S.  Lover,  Stories  and 
Legend*  of  Ireland  (18J2-34). 

White  Horse  of  Wantage  (T.erk- 
shire),  cut  in  the  chalk  hills.  The  horse 
is  87 4  feet  long,  and  may  be  seen  at  the 
distance  of  fifteen  miles,  it  commemorates 

a  great    victory   obtained    by   Alfred  over 

the  Danes,  called  the  battle  of  dSscesdun 

»),  (luting  the  reign  of  his  brother 
Ethelred  in  871.     (See  Red  House.) 

In  this  battle  all  the  Bower  of  the  barbarian  youth  was 

there  slain,  so  that  neither  before  iwr  since  w:u-  ever  such 

,  hi  known  since  the  Saxons  first  gained  Britain 

by  their  anna.— Ethelwerd,  Chrontelt,  il.  a.  STL     (See 

also  .User,  Life  of  A  If  red,  year  871 J 


WHITE  KING. 


1098 


WHITE  ROSE. 


White  King,  the  title  of  the  emperor 
of  Muscovy,  from  the  white  robes  which 
these  kings  were  accustomed  to  use. 

Sunt  qui  principem  Moscovise  Album  Regem  nuncu- 
pant.  Ego  quidem  causam  diligentcr  quaerebam.  cur 
regis  albi  nomine  appellaretur  cum  nemo  principun) 
Moscoviae  eo  titulo  antea  [Unsiliut  Ivanwich]  esset  usus. 
.  .  .  Credo  autem  ut  Persaiu  nunc  propter  rubea  tetfu- 
menta  capitis  "  Kissilpassa  "  [i.e.  rubeum  caput)  vocant; 
ita  reges  Moscovise  propter  alba  tegumeiita  "  Alboa 
lieges "  appellari. — Sigismund. 

%*  Perhaps  it  may  be  explained  thus: 
Muscovy  is  always  called  "Russia  Alba," 
as  Poland  is  called  "  Black  Russia." 

White  King.  So  Charles  I.  is  called  by 
Herbert.  His  robe  of  state  was  white 
instead  of  purple.  At  his  funeral  the 
snow  fell  bo  thick  upon  the  pall  that  it 
was  quite  white.  —  Herbert,  Memoirs 
(1764). 

White  Lady  (The),  "  La  Dame 
d'Aprigny,"  a  Norman  foe,  who  used  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  present  Rue  de  St. 
Quentin,  at  Bayeux. 

La  Dame  Abonde,  also  a  Norman  fee. 

Vocant  dominant  Ahiindiuni  pro  eo  quod  dnmlhus, 
quas  frequentant,  abundanciam  bonoram  temporalium 
preestare  putantur  nun  ahter  tibl  sentieiiduai  est  uequa 

niitcr  quam  qucmadmuduiu  de  illis  audivlstt — Willuuu 
of  Auvergne  (1248). 

White  Lady  (Tlie),  a  ghost  seen  in 
different  castles  and  palaces  belonging  to 
the  royal  family  of  Prussia,  and  supposed 
to  forebode  the  death  of  some  of  the  royal 
family,  especially  one  of  the  children. 
The  last  appearance  was  in  187D,  just  prior 
to  the  death  of  prince  Waldemar.  Twice 
she  has  been  heard  to  speak,  e.g. :  In 
December,  1628,  she  appeared  in  the 
palace  at  Berlin,  and  said  in  Latin,  "I 
wait  for  j  udgment ; "  and  once  at  the  castle 
of  Neuhaus,  in  Bohemia,  when  she  said 
to  the  princess,  in  German,  "  It  is  ten 
o'clock  ;"  and  the  lady  addressed  died  in  a 
few  weeks. 

There  are  two  white  ladies,  in  fact — one 
the  countess  Agnes  of  Orlamunde,  and 
the  other  the  princess  Bertha  von  Rosen- 
berg, who  lived  in  the  fifteenth  century. 
The  former  win  buried  alive  in  a  vault  in 
the  palace.  She  was  the  mistress  of  a 
margrave  of  Brandenburgh,  by  whom 
she  had  two  sons.  When  the  prince  be- 
came a  widower,  Agnes  thought  he  would 
marry  her,  but  he  made  the  sons  an  ob- 
jection, and  she  poisoned  them,  for  which 
crime  she  was  buried  alive.  Another 
version  is  that  she  fell  in  love  with 
the  prince  of  Parma,  and  made  away 
with  her  two  daughters,  who  were  an 
obstacle  to  her  marriage,  for  which  crime 
she  was  doomed  to  "  walk  the  earth  "  as 
an  apparition. 


The  princess  Bertha  is  troubled  because 
an  annual  gift,  which  she  left  to  the 
poor,  has  been  discontinued.  She  appears 
dressed  in  white,  and  carrying  at  her  side 
a  bunch  of  keys. 

It  may  interest  those  who  happen  to  be  learned  in 
Berlin  legends,  to  know  that  the  White  Lady,  whoso 
visits  always  precede  the  death  of  some  member  of  th« 
royal  family,  was  Well  Oil  the  eve  of  prince  Wald  in  u '» 
death.  A  soldier  on  guard  at  the  old  castle  was  the 
witness  of  the  apparition,  and  in  his  fright  lied  to  the 
guardroom,  where  he  was  at  once  arrested  for  deserting 
his  post.— Brief,  April  4.  1879. 

White  Lady  of  Avenel  (2  syl.), 
a  tutelary  spirit.— Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Monastery  (time,  Elizabeth). 

White  Lady  of  Ireland  (The), 
the  benshee  or  domestic  spirit  of  a  family, 
who  takes  an  interest  in  its  condition, 
and  intimates  approaching  death  by  wait- 
ings or  shrieks. 

White  Man's  Grave  (The),  Sierra 
Leone,  in  Africa. 

"White  Merle  (Tlie).  Among  the 
old  Basque  legends  is  one  of  a  "white 
merle,"  which,  by  its  singing,  restores 
sight  to  the  blind. — Rev.  W.  Webster, 
Basque  Legends,  182  (1877). 

%*  The  French  have  a  similar  story, 
called  Le  Merle  Blanc. 

White  Moon  (Knight  of  the),  Sam- 
son Carrasco.  He  assumed  this  cog- 
nizance when  he  went  as  a  knight-errant 
to  encounter  don  Quixote.  His  object 
was  to  overthrow  the  don  in  combat,  and 
then  impose  on  him  the  condition  of 
returning  home,  and  abandoning  the  pro- 
fession of  chivalry  for  twelve  months. 
By  this  means  he  hoped  to  cure  the  don 
of  his  craze.  It  all  happened  as  the 
barber  expected:  the  don  was  overthrown, 
and  returned  to  his  home,  but  soon  died. 
—Cervantes,  Don  Quixote,  II.  iv.  12,  etc. 
(1615). 

White  Mount  in  London  (The), 
the  Tower,  which  the  Welsh  bards  insist 
was  built  by  the  Celts.  Others  ascribe 
"the  Towers  of  Julius"  to  the  Romans  ; 
but  without  doubt  they  are  a  Norman 
foundation. 

Take  my  head  and  bear  It  unto  the  White  Mount,  In 
London,  and  bury  it  there,  with  the  face  towards  franco. 
— The  Mabinogion  ("Braiiwen,"  etc.,  twelfth  century). 

White  Queen  (?'/«?),  Mary  queen  of 
Scots  (La  Reine  Blanche) ;  so  called  by  the 
French,  because  she  dressed  in  white  in 
mourning  for  her  husband. 

White  Rose  (The),  the  house  of 
York,  whose  badge  it  was.  The  badge 
of  the  house  of  Lancaster  was  the  Red 
Rose. 


WHITE  ROSE  OF  ENGLAND.      1099 


WHITTINGTON. 


Richard  de  la  Pole  is  often  called  "The 
White  Rose." 

"White  Rose  of  England  (The). 
Perkin  Warbeck  was  so  called  by  Mar- 
garet of  Burgundy  sister  of  Edward  IV. 
(*-1499). 

"White  Rose  of  Raby  ( The),  Cecily, 
wife  of  Richard  duke  of  York,  and  mother 
of  Edward  IV.  and  Richard  III.  She  was 
the  youngest  of  twenty-one  children. 

%*  A  novel  entitled  The  White  Hose  of 
Baby  was  published  in  1794. 

White  Rose  of  Scotland  (The), 
lady  Katherine  Gordon,  the  [V  tilth] 
daughter  of  George  second  earl  of  Huntlv 
by  his  second  wife  [princess  Annabella 
Stuart,  youngest  daughter  of  James  I. 
of  Scotland].  She  married  Richard  of 
England,  styled  "duke  of  York,"  but 
better  known  as  "  Perkin  Warbeck." 
She  had  three  husbands  after  the  death 
of  "Richard  of  England."  Probably 
lady  Katherine  was  called  the  "  White 
Rose"  from  the  badge  assumed  by  her 
first  husband  "  the  White  Rose  of  York," 
and  "Scotland"  was  added  from  the 
country  of  her  birth.  Margaret  <>f  Bur- 
gundy always  addressed  Perkin  Warbeck 
as  "  The  White  Rose  of  England." 

"White  Rose  of  York  ( The),  Edward 
Courtney  earl  of  Devon,  son  of  the  marquis 
/>f  Exeter.  He  died  at  Padua,  in  queen 
Mary's  reign  (1553). 

White  Surrey,  the  favourite  charger 
of  Richard  III. 

Saddle  White  Surrey  for  the  field  to-morrow. 
Shakespeare,  Kichard  111.  act  v.  sc.  3  (1597). 

"White  Tsar  of  His  People.  The 
emperor  of  Russia  is  so  called,  and  claims 
the  empire  of  seventeen  crowns. 

"White  "Widow  (The),  the  duchess 
of  Tyrconnel,  wife  of  Richard  Talbot  lord 
deputy  of  Ireland  under  James  II.  Alter 
the  death  of  her  husband,  she  supported 
herself  by  her  needle.  She  wore  a  white 
mask,  and  dressed  in  white. — Pennant, 
Account  of  London,  147  (1790). 

"White  "Witch  (4),  a  "  witch  "  who 
employs  her  power  and  skill  for  the 
benefit  and  not  the  harm  of  her  fellow- 
mortals. 

"Whites  (The),  an  Italian  faction  of 
Che  fourteenth  century.  The  Guelphs  of 
Florence  were  divided  into  the  Blacks 
who  wished  to  open  their  gates  to  I  Iharles 
de  Valois,  and  the  Whites  who  opposed 
him.    The  poet  Dante  was  a  "White,"  and 


when  the  "  Blacks  "  in  1302  got  the  upper 
hand,  he  was  exiled.  During  his  exile 
he  composed  his  immortal  epic,  the  Divina 
Cormneaia. 

"Whitecraft  (John),  innkeeper  and 
miller  at  Altringham. 

Dame  Whitecraft,  the  pretty  wife  of 
the  above. — Sir  Wr.  Scott,  Peveril  of  the 
Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

"Whitfield  of  the  Stage  (The). 
Quin   was   so  called   by  Garnck    (1716- 

177!').  Garrick  himself  is  sometimes  so 
denominated  also. 

"Whitney  (James),  the  Claude  Duval 
of  English  highwaymen.  He  prided  him- 
self on  being  "the  glas3  of  fashion  and 
the  mould  of  form."  Executed  at  Porter's 
Block,  near  Smithlleld  (1660-1694). 

W hit- Sunday.  One  of  the  etymo- 
logies of  this  word  is  Wit  ox  Wisdom 
Sunday  ;  the  day  on  which  the  Spirit  of 
Wisdom  fell  upon  the  apostles. 

This  day  WhiUond.iy  is  cald. 
For  wiii.mi  and  wit  nrens  Ud, 
Was  zuiiun  to  the  apwtlea  u  this  day. 

Camb.  Univ.  MSS.  lid..  L  1,  p.  231. 

Whittington  (Dick),  a  poor  orphan 
country  lad,  who  heard  that  London  was 
"  paved  with  gold,"  and  went  there  to 
get  a  living.  When  reduced  to  starving 
point,  a  kind  merchant  gave  him  employ- 
ment in  his  family  to  help  the  cook,  but 
the  cook  so  ill  treated  him  that  he  ran 
away.  Sitting  to  rest  himself  on  the 
roadside,  he  heard  Bow  bells,  and  they 
seemed  to  him  to  say,  "Turn  again, 
Whittington,  thrice  lord  mayor  of  Lon- 
don;" so  he  returned  to  his  master. 
By-and-by  the  master  allowed  him,  with 
the  other  servants,  to  put  in  an  adventure 
in  a  ship  bound  for  Morocco.  Richard 
had  nothing  but  a  cat,  which,  however,  he 
sent.  Now  it  happened  that  the  king  of 
Morocco  was  troubled  by  mice,  which 

WhittingtOn'S  cat  destroyed;  and   this  so 

pleased  his  highness  that  he  bought  the 

mouBer  at  a  fabulous  price.  Dick  com- 
menced business  with  this  money,  BOOU 
rose  to  great  wealth,  married  his  master's 
daughter,  was  knighted,  and  thrice  elected 
lord  mayor  of  London — in  1398,  1406,  and 
1419. 

%*  A  cat  is  a  brig  built  on  the  Nor- 
wegian model,  with  narrow  stern,  pro- 
jecting quarters,  and  deep  waist. 

Another    solution   is   the   word   achiit, 

"barter." 

Ki CIS,  the  son  of  a  poor  widow  of  Siraf, 
embarked  for  India  with  his  sole  pro- 
perty, a  cat.     lie  arrived  at  a  time  when 


WHITTLE. 


1100 


WIDOW. 


the  palace  was  so  infested  by  mice  and 
rats  that  they  actually  invaded  the  king's 
food.  This  cat  cleared  the  palace  of  its 
vermin,  and  was  purchased  for  a  large 
sum  of  money,  which  enriched  the 
widow's  son. — Sir  William  Ouseley  (a 
Persian  story). 

Alphonso,  aPortuguese,  being  wrecked 
on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  had  a  cat,  which 
the  king  bought  for  its  weight  in  gold. 
With  this  money  Alphonso  traded,  and 
in  five  years  made  £0000,  returned  to 
Portugal,  and  became  in  fifteen  years  the 
third  magnate  of  the  kingdom. — Descrip- 
tion of  Guinea. 

%*  See  Keightley,  Tales  and  Popular 
Fictions,  241-2G6. 

Whittle  (Thomas),  an  old  man  of  63, 
who  wants  to  cajole  his  nephew  out  of 
his  lady-love,  the  Widow  Brady,  only  23 
years  of  age.  To  this  end  he  assumes 
the  airs,  the  dress,  the  manners,  and  the 
walk  of  a  beau.  For  his  thick  flannels, 
he  puts  on  a  cambric  shirt,  open  waist- 
coat, and  ruffles ;  for  his  Welsh  wig,  he 
wears  a  pigtail  and  chapeau  bras  ;  for  his 
thick  cork  soles,  he  trips  like  a  dandy  in 
pumps.  He  smirks,  he  titters,  he  tries  to 
be  quite  killing.  He  discards  history  and 
solid  reading  for  the  Amorous  Repository, 
Cupid's  Revels,  Hymen's  Deliijht,  and 
Ovid's  Art  of  Love.  In  order  to  get  rid 
of  him,  the  gay  young  widow  assumes 
to  be  a  boisterous,  rollicking,  extrava- 
gant, low  Irishwoman,  deeply  in  debt, 
and  utterly  reckless.  Old  Whittle  is 
thoroughly  alarmed,  induces  his  nephew 
to  take  the  widow  off  his  hands,  and  gives 
him  £5000  for  doing  so. — Garrick,  The 
Irish  Widow  (1757). 

Who's  the  Dupe?  Abraham  Doiley, 
a  retired  slop-seller,  with  £80,000  or  more. 
P>eing  himself  wholly  uneducated,  he  is  a 
great  admirer  of  "  laming,"  and  resolves 
that  his  daughter  Elizabeth  shall  many 
a  great  scholar.  Elizabeth  is  in  love 
with  captain  Granger,  but  the  old  slop- 
seller  has  fixed  his  heart  on  a  Mr.  Gradus, 
an  Oxford  pedant.  The  question  is 
how  to  bring  the  old  man  round.  Gradus 
is  persuaded  to  change  his  style  of 
dress  to  please  the  lady,  and  Granger  is 
introduced  as  a  learned  pundit.  The  old 
man  resolves  to  pit  together  the  two 
aspirants,  and  give  Elizabeth  to  the  best 
scholar.  Gradus  quotes  two  lines  of 
Greek,  in  which  the  word  panta  occurs 
four  times;  Granger  gives  some  three  or 
four  lines  of  English  fustian.  Gradus 
tells  the  old  man  that  what  Granger  said 


was  mere  English ;  but  Doiley,  in  the 
utmost  indignation,  replies,  "  Do  you 
think  I  don't  know  my  own  mother 
tongue  ?  Off  with  your  pantry,  which  you 
call  Greek  !  t'other  is  the  man  for  my 
money  ; "  and  he  gives  his  daughter  to  the 
captain. — Mrs.  Cowley,  Who's  the  Dupei 
Whole  Duty  of  Man  (The).  Sir 
James  Wellwood  Moncrieff,  bart.,  was  so 
called  by  Jeffrey  (1776-1851). 

Wicket  Gate  (The),  the  entrance  to 
the  road  which  leads  to  the  Celestial  City. 
Over  the  door  is  written  :  "  Knock,  and 

IT     SHALL     BE     OPENED     UNTO    YOU." — 

Bunyan,  Pilgrim's  Progress,  i.  (1678). 

Wickfield  (Mr.),  a  lawyer,  father  of 
Agnes.  The  '"umble"  Uriah  Heep  was 
his  clerk. 

Agnes  Wickfield,  daughter  of  Mr.  Wick- 
field ;  a  young  lady  of  sound  sense  and 
domestic  habits,  lady-like  and  affection- 
ate. She  is  the  second  wife  of  David 
Copperfield. — C.  Dickens,  David  Copper- 
field  (1849). 

Wickham  (Mrs.),  a  waiter's  wife. 
Mrs.  Wickham  was  a  meek,  drooping 
woman,  always  ready  to  pity  herself  or 
to  be  pitied,  and  with  a  depressing  habit 
of  prognosticating  evil.  She  succeeded 
Polly  Toodles  as  nurse  to  Paul  Dombey. 
— C.  Dickens,  Dombey  and  Son  (1846). 

Wielevista,  Wicliffism. 

Some  of  them  liarke.  Clatter  and  carpe,  Of  that  heray  art 
Called  Wicleui.-ta,  The  deoelllhe  duuuiatista. 

J.  Skclton,  Colj/n  Clout  (lime,  Henry  VIII.). 

Wicliffe,  called  "  The  Morning  Star 
of  the  Reformation"  (1324-1384). 

Widdrington  (Roger),  a  gallant 
squire,  mentioned  in  the  ballad  of  Chevy 
Chase.  He  fought  "upon  his  stumps," 
after  his  legs  were  smitten  off.  (See 
1>i:n  now.) 

Widenostrils  (in  French  Bringue- 
narilles),  a  huge  giant,  who  "had  swal- 
lowed every  pan,  skillet,  kettle,  frying- 
pan,  dripping-pan,  saucepan,  and  caldron 
in  the  land,  for  want  of  windmills,  his  usual 
food."  He  was  ultimately  killed  by  "eating 
a  lump  of  fresh  butter  at  the  mouth  of  a 
hot  oven,  by  the  advice  of  his  physician." 
— Pabelais,  Pantag' ruel' ,  iv.  17  (1545). 

Widerolf,  bishop  of  Strasbourg  (997), 
was  devoured  by  mice  in  the  seventeenth 
year  of  his  episcopate,  because  he  sup- 
pressed the  convent  of  Seltzen  on  the 
Rhine.     (See  Hatto.) 

Widow  (Goldsmith's),  in  the  Deserted 
I  ,  par.  9.     "All  the  blooming  lluhh 

of  life  is  lied  "  from  Auburn  : 


WIDOW, 


1101 


wif;. 


All  but  yon  widowed,  solitary  thing. 
That  ft< 'hly  bend]  betide  the  plashy  spring  ; 
She,  wratcbed  matron,  (breed  in  age,  for  hread. 
To  strip  the  lini'ik.  with  mantling  u  asses spread, 

T.i  i<ii  k  bar  aintrj  i  iggol  i i  the  thorn, 

To  seek  her  nightly  shed  and  in  ep  'ill  morn; 
She  only  left  ol  nil  the  harmless  train, 
The  sad  hbturiau  of  the  penslya  plain. 

Her  name  was  Catherine  GBBAGHTT. 

'Widow  (77ie),  courted  by  sir  Iludi- 
bras,  was  the  relict  of  Amminarlab  Wi  liner 
or  Willmot,  an  independent,  slain  at  Kdge- 
hill.  She  was  left  with  a  fortune  of  £200 
a  year.  The  knight's  "  Epistle  to  the 
Lady  "  and  the  "  Lady's  Reply,"  in  which 
ehe  declines  his  oiler,  are  usually  ap- 
pended to  the  poem  entitled  Iludibras. 

Widow   Blackacre,    a    perverse, 

bustling,  masculine,  pettifogging,  litigious 
woman. — Wycherly,  The  Tlain  Dealer 
(1G77). 

Widow  Flockhart,  landlady  at 
Wavorley's  lodgings  in  the  Canongate. — 
Sir  W.   Scott,    Waverley  (time,    George 

Widow's  Curl  (4),  a  small  re- 
fractory lock  of  hair  that  will  not  grow 
long  enough  to  be  bound  up  with  the 
tresses,  but  insists  on  falling  down  in  a 
curl  upon  the  forehead.  It  is  said  that 
this  curl  indicates  widowhood. 

Widow's  Peak  (A),  a  point  made 
in  some  foreheads  by  the  hair  projecting 
towards  the  nose  like  a  peak.  It  is  said 
to  indicate  widowhood. 

Wieland's  Sword,  Balmung.  It 
was  so  sharp  that  it  cleft  Amilias  in 
twain  without  his  knowing  it ;  when, 
however,  he  attempted  to  stir,  he  fell 
into  two  pieces. — Scandinavian  Mythology. 

Wiever  (Old),  a  preacher  and  old 
conspirator. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Teveril  of  the 
Teak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Wife  (The),  a  drama  by  S.  Knowles 
(1833).  Mariana,  daughter  of  a  Swiss 
burgher,  nursed  Leonardo  in  a  dangerous 
sickness — an  avalanche  had  fallen  on  him, 
and  his  life  was  despaired  of,  but  he 
recovered,  and  fell  in  love  with  his  young 
and  beautiful  nurse.  Leonardo  intended 
to  return  to  Mantua,  but  was  kept  a 
prisoner  by  a  gang  of  thieves,  ami  .Ma- 
riana followed  him,  for  she  found  life 
intolerable  without  him.  Here  count 
Florio  fell  in  love  with  her,  and  obtained 
her  guardian's  consent  to  marry  her ;  but 
Mariana  refused  to  do  so,  and  was  ar- 
raigned before  the  duke  (Ferrardo),  who 
gave  judgment  against  her.  Leonardo 
was  at  the  trial  disguised,  but,  throwing 


off  his  mask,  was  found  to  be  the  real 
duke  supposeil  to  be  dead.  He  assumed 
his  rank,  and  married  Mariana ;  but, 
being  called  to  the  wars,  left  Ferrardo 
regent.  Ferrardo,  being  a  villain,  batched 
np  a  plot  against  the  bride  of  infidelity 
to  her  lord,  but  Leonardo  would  give  no 
credit  to  it,  and  the  whole  scheme  of 
villainy  was  fully  exposed. 

%*  The  tale  of  Shakespeare's  M  d- 
summer  A'i^/ht's  Dream  hinges  on  a  similar 
"  law  of  marriage." 

Wife  for  a  Month  (A),  a  drama 
by  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  (1624).     The 

"wife"  is  F.vanthe  (3  syl.),  the  chaste 
wife  of  Valcrio,  parted  by  Frederick  the 
licentious  brother  of  AlphonBO  king  of 
Naples.  She  repels  his  base  advances, 
and,  to  punish  her,  he  offers  to  u'ive  her 
to  any  one  for  one  month,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  is  to  die.  No  one  will 
accept  the  oiler,  and  the  lady  is  restored 
to  her  husband. 

Wife  of  Bath,  one  of  the  pilgrims 

to  the  shrine  of  Thomas  a  l'.ecket. — 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  (1388). 

Wife  of  Bath's   Tale.      One  of 

king  Arthur's  knights  was  condemned  to 
death  for  ill  using  a  lady,  but  Guinever 
interceded  for  him,  and  the  kin:,'  gave 
him  over  to  her  to  do  what  she  liked. 
The  queen  said  she  would  spare  his  life, 
if,  by  that  day  twelve  months,  he  would 
tell  her  "  What  is  that  which  woman 
loves  best?"  The  knight  made  inquiry 
far  and  near  for  a  solution,  but  at  length 
was  told  by  an  old  woman,  that  if  he 
would  grant  her  a  request,  she  would  tell 
him  the  right  answer  to  the  queen's  ques- 
tion. The  knight  agreed.  The  answer 
suggested  was  this:  women  like  best  tii 
1 1 a \  e  their  own  way  and  to  be  paramount ; 
and  the  request  she  made  was  that  he 
would  marry  her.  This  the  knight  at 
first  revolted  from,  because  she  was  poor, 
old,  and  ugly.  The  woman  then  asked 
him  which  he  preferred,  to  have  her  as  she 
WAS  and  a  faithful  wife,  or  to  have  her 
young  and  lair.  He  replied  he  would 
leave  the  decision  with  her.    Whereupon 

she    threw  oil'    her    mask,   and    appeared 

before  him  young,  beautiful,  and  rich.— 
Chaucer,  Canterbury  Tales  (I 

*¥*  This  tale  is  burrowed  from  (lower's 
Confessio  Amantiz,  i.,  where  Florent 
promises  to  marry  a  deformed  old  hag, 

who  taught  him  the  solution  of  a  riddle. 

Wig,  the  Latin  jrilurnx,  "a  head  ot 
hair,"  through  the  French  perrmjiu  (our 


WIGGED  PRINCE. 


1102 


WILD  HORSES. 


periwig).  In  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  there  were  thirty-three  different 
sorts  of  wigs  in  use  :  the  artichoke,  bag, 
barrister's,  bishop's,  brush,  bush,  buckle 
chain,  chancellor's,  corded  wolf's  paw, 
count  Saxe's  mode,  the  crutch,  the  cut 
bob,  the  detached  buckle,  the  drop, 
Dutch,  full,  half  natural,  Jansenist  bob, 
judge's,  ladder,  long  bob,  Louis,  periwig, 
pigeon's  wing,  rhinoceros,  rose,  scratch, 
she-dragon,  small  back,  spinage  seed, 
staircase,  Welsh,  and  wild  boar's  back. 

His  periwig  was  large  enough  to  have  loaded  a  camel, 
•rid  he  l>estowed  upon  it  at  least  a  bushel  of  powder. — 
'Brown,  letters  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Wigged  Prince  (The  Best).  The 
guardian,  uncle-in-law,  and  first  cousin 
of  the  duke  of  Brunswick  was  called 
"  The  Beat  Wigged  Prince  in  Christen- 
dom." 

Wight  (Isle  of).  So  called  from 
Wihtgar,  great-grandson  of  king  Cedric, 
who  conquered  the  island. —  'The  Amjlo- 
Suxon  Chronicle. 

%*  Of  course,  this  etymology  is  not 
pliilologically  correct.  Probably  gtuyth, 
"the  channel"  (the  channel  island),  ia 
the  real  derivation. 

Wigmore  Street  (London).  So 
called  from  Harley  earl  of  Oxford  and 
Mortimer,  created  baron  Harley  of  Wig- 
more,  in  Herefordshire  (1711). 

Wild  (Jonathan),  a  cool,  calculating, 
heartless  villain,  with  the  voice  of  a 
Stentor.  He  was  born  at  Wolverhamp- 
ton, in  Staffordshire,  and,  like  Jack 
Sheppard,  was  the  son  of  a  carpenter. 

He  had  ten  maxims:  (1)  Never  do 
more  mischief  than  is  absolutely  necessary 
for  success  ;  (2)  Know  no  distinction,  but 
let  self-interest  be  the  one  principle  of 
action  ;  (3)  Let  not  your  shirt  know  the 
thoughts  of  your  heart;  (4)  Never  for- 
give an  enemy ;  (5)  Shun  poverty  and 
distress  ;  (0)  Foment  jealousies  in  your 
gang;  (7)  A  good  name,  like  money, 
must  be  risked  in  speculation  ;  (8)  Coun- 
terfeit virtues  are  as  good  as  real  ones, 
for  few  know  paste  from  diamonds ;  (0) 
Be  your  own  trumpeter,  and  don't  be 
afraid  of  blowing  loud  ;  (10)  Keep  hatred 
concealed  in  the  heart,  but  wear  the  face 
of  a  friend. 

Jonathan  Wild  married  six  wives. 
Being  employed  for  a  time  as  a  detective, 
he  brought  to  the  gallows  thirty-live 
highwaymen,  twenty-two  burglars,  and 
ten  returned  convicts.  He  was  himself 
executed  at  last  at  Tyburn  for  house- 
breaking (1G82-1725). 


Daniel  Defoe  has  made  Jonathan  Wild 
the  hero  of  a  romance  (1725).  Fielding 
did  the  same  in  1743.  The  hero  in  these 
romances  ia  a  coward,  traitor,  hypocrite, 
and  tyrant,  unrelieved  by  human  feeling, 
and  never  betrayed  into  a  kind  or  good 
action.  The  character  is  historic,  but 
the  adventures  are  in  a  measure  fictitious. 

Wild  Boar  of  Ardennes,  William 
de  la  Marck. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Quentin 
Durward  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

%*  The  count  de  la  Marck  was  third 
eon  of  John  count  de  la  Marck  and 
Aremberg.  He  was  arrested  at  Utrecht, 
and  beheaded  by  order  of  Maximilian 
emperor  of  Austria,  in  1485. 

Wild  Boy  of  Hameln,  a  human 
being  found  in  the  forest  of  Herts- 
wold,  in  Hanover.  He  walked  on  all 
fours,  climbed  trees  like  a  monkey,  fed 
on  grass  and  leaves,  and  could  never  be 
taught  to  articulate  a  single  word.  He 
was  discovered  in  1725,  was  called  "Peter 
the  Wild  Boy,"  and  died  at  Broadway 
Farm,  near  Berkhampstead,  in  17*5. 

***  Mdlle.  LaManc  was  a  wild  girl 
found  by  the  villagers  of  Soigny,  near 
Chalons,  in  1731.  She  died  in  Paris  in 
1780. 

Wild-Goose  Chase  ( Tlie),  acomedy 
by  Ileaumont  and  Fletcher  (1052).  The 
"  wild  goose "  is  Mirabel,  who  is 
"  chased  "  and  caught  by  Oriana,  whom 
he  once  despised. 

Wild  Horses  (Death  by)  The  hands 
and  feet  of  the  victim  were  fastened  to 
two  or  four  wild  horses,  and  the  horses, 
being  urged  forward,  ran  in  different 
directions,  tearing  the  victim  limb  from 
limb. 

Mkttius  Sukfetius  was  fastened  to 
two  chariots,  which  were  driven  in  op- 
posite directions.  This  was  for  deserting 
the  Roman  standard  (B.C.  6C9). — Livy, 
Annals,  i.  28. 

Salcedb,  a  Spaniard,  employed  by 
Henri  III.  to  assassinate  Henri  de  Guise, 
failed  in  his  attempt,  and  was  torn  limb 
from  limb  by  four  wild  horses. 

Nicholas  de  Salvado  was  torn  to 
pieces  by  wild  horses  for  attempting  the 
life  of  William  prince  of  Orange. 

Balthazar  de  Gbbbabdwm  similarly 
punished  for  assassinating  the  same  prince 
(1584). 

John  Chastel  was  torn  to  piecea  by 
wild  horses  for  attempting  the  life  of 
Henri  IV.  of  France  (1594). 

FbAKOOIS  Ravaillac  suffered  a  similar 


WILD  HUNTSMAN. 


1103 


WILDING. 


death  for  assassinating  the  same  prince 
(1010). 

Wild  Huntsman  (The),  a  spectral 
hunter    with    dogs,    who    frequents    the 

Black  Forest  to  chase  wild  animals. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Wild  Huntsman  (from  Burger's 
ballad). 

%*  The  legend  is  that  this  huntsman 
was  a  Jew,  who  would  not  sutrer  Jesus  to 
drink  from  a  horse-trough,  but  pointed 
ito  some  water  collected  in  a  hoof-print, 
and  bade  Him  go  there  and  drink. — Kuhn 
von  Schwarz,  Nordd.  Sai/en,  499. 

The  French  story  of  Le  Grand  Veneur 
is  laid  in  Foutainebleau  Forest,  and  is 
supposed  to  refer  to  St.  Hubert. — Father 
Matthieu. 

The  English  name  is  "  Heme  the 
Hunter,"  once  a  keeper  in  Windsor  Forest. 
— Shakespeare,  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor, 
act  iv.  sc.  4. 

The  Scotch  poem  called  Albania  con- 
tains a  full  description  of  the  wild  hunts- 
man. 

%*  The  subject  has  been  made  into  a 
ballad  by  Burger,  entitled  Dcr  Wilde 
Jd(jer. 

Wild  Man  of  the  Forest,  Orson, 
brother  of  Valentine,  and  nephew  of  king 
Pepin. —  Valentine  and  Orson  (fifteenth 
"entury). 

Wild  Oats,  a  drama  by  John  O'Keefe 
(1798). 

Wild  Wenlock,  kinsman  of  sir 
Hugo  de  Lacy,  besieged  by  insurgents, 
who  cut  off  his  head. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Betrothed  (time,  Henry  II.). 

Wildair  (Sir  Harry),  the  hero  of  a 
comedy  so  called  by  Farquhar  (17(H). 
The  same  character  had  been  introduced 
in  the  Constant  Couple  (1700),  by  the  same 
author.  Sir  Harry  is  a  gay  profligate, 
not  altogether  seltish  and  abandoned,  but 
very  free  and  of  easy  morals.  This  was 
Wilks's  and  Peg  Woflington's  great  part. 

Their  Wildairs.  sir  John  Brutes,  lady  Touchwoods,  and 
Mrs.  Frails  are  conventional  leproductlons  of  those  wiM 
gallants  anil  demireps  which  figure  in  tliu  licentious 
dramas  of  L'-rvuen  and  Shadwell.— Sir  W.  Scult. 

%*  "Sir  John  Brute,"  in  The  Provoked 
Wife  (Vanbrugh)  ;  "lady  Touchwood," 
in  The  Belle's  Stratagem  (Mis.  Cowley)  ; 
"  Mrs.  Frail,"  in  Congreve's  Love  for 
Love. 

Wildblood  of  the  Vale  (  Young 
Dick),  a  friend  of  sir  Geoffrey  Peveril. — 

Sir  W.  Scott,  Feveril  uf  the  Teak  (time, 
Charles  II.). 


"Wilde  (Johnn;/),  a  small  farmer  of 
Rodenkirchen,  in  the  isle  of  Rttgen.  One 
day,  he  found  a  Little  glass  slipper  tx 

ing  to  one  of  the  hill-folk.  Next  day,  a 
little  brownie,  in  the  character  of  a  mer- 
chant, came  to  redeem  it,  and  Johnny 
Wilde  demanded  as  the  price  "that  he 
should  find  a  gold  ducat  in  every  furrow- 
he  ploughed.  The  bargain  was  con- 
cluded, but  before  the  year  was  over  he 
had  worked  himself  to  death,  lookim;  lor 
ducats  in  the  furrows  which  he  ploughed. 
— Buy  en  Tradition, 

Wildenhaim  (Baron),  father  of 
Amelia.  In  his  youth  he  seduced  Agatha 
Friburg,  whom  he  deserted.  Agatha  bore 
a  son,  Frederick,  who  in  due  time  became 
a  soldier.  Coming  home  on  furlough,  he 
found  liis  mother  on  the  point  of  star- 
vation, and,  going  to  beg  alms,  met  the 
baron  with  his  ;im,  asked  alius  of  him,  and 
received  a  shilling.  lie  demanded  more 
money,  and,  being  refused,  collared  the 
baron,  but  was  soon  seized  by  the  keepers, 
and  shut  up  in  the  castle  dungeon.  Hero 
he  was  visited  by  the  chaplain,  and  it 
came  out  that  the  baron  was  his  father. 
As  the  baron  was  a  widower,  he  married 
Agatha,  and  Frederick  became  his  heir. 

Amelia  Wildenhaim,  daughter  of  the 
baron.  A  proposal  was  made  to  marry 
her  to  count  Cassel,  but  as  the  count  was 
a  conceited  puppy,  without  "  brains  in 
his  head  or  a  heart  in  his  bosom,"  she 
would  have  nothing  to  say  to  him.  She 
showed  her  love  to  Anfialt,  a  young 
clergyman,  and  her  father  gave  his  con- 
sent, to  the  match. — Mrs.  [nchbald,  Lovers' 
Vows  (altered  from  Kotzebue,  lbOO). 

Wildfire  ( Madge),  the  insane  daughter 
of  old  Meg  Murdochs,. ii  the  gipsy  thief. 
Madge  had  been  seduced  when  a  girl,  and 
this,  with  the  murder  of  her  infant,  had 
turned  her  brain. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Heart 
of  Midlothian  (time,  George  II.). 

Wilding  (Jack),  a  young  gentleman 
fresh  from  Oxford,  who  fabricates  the 
most  ridiculous  tales,  which  he  tries  to 
pass  off  for  facts  ;  speaks  of  his  adven- 
tures in  America,  which  he  has  never 
seen;  of  his  being  entrapped  into  mar- 
riage with  a  Miss  Sibthorpe,  a  purs 
invention.  Accidentally  meeting  a  Miss 
Gran tam,  he  sends  his  man  to  learn  her 
name,  and  is  told  it.  is  M iss  Godfrey,  an 
heiress.  On  this  blunder  the  "fun"  of 
the  drama  hinges.  When  Miss  Godfrey 
is  presented  to  him,  he  does  not  know  her. 
and  a  person  rushes  m  who  declares  she  is 
his  wife,  and  that  her  maiden  name  was 


WILDING. 


1104 


WILFORD. 


Sibthorpe.  It  is  now  Wilding's  turn  to 
be  dumfounded,  and,  wholly  unable  to 
unravel  the  mystery,  he  rushes  forth, 
believing  the  world  is  a  Bedlam  let  loose. 
— S.  Foote,  The  Liar  (17G1). 

Wilding  (Sir  Jasper),  an  ignorant  but 
wealthy  country  gentleman,  fond  of  fox- 
hunting. He  dresses  in  London  like  a 
fox-hunter,  and  speaks  with  a  "Hoic! 
tally-ho ! " 

Young  Wilding,  son  of  sir  Jasper,  about 
to  marry  the  daughter  of  old  Philpot  for 
tbe  dot  she  will  bring  him. 

Maria  Wilding,  the  lively,  witty,  high- 
spirited  daughter  of  sir  Jasper,  in  love 
with  Charles  Beaufort.  Her  father  wants 
her  to  marry  George  Philpot,  but  she 
frightens  the  booby  out  of  his  wits  by 
her  knowledge  of  books  and  assumed 
eccentricities.  —  Murphy,  The  Citizen 
(1757  or  1761). 

"Wildrake,  a  country  squire,  delight- 
ing in  horses,  dogs,  and  field  sports.  He 
was  in  love  with  "  neighbour  Constance," 
daughter  of  sir  William  Fondlove,  with 
whom  he  used  to  romp  and  quarrel  in 
childhood.  He  learnt  to  love  Constance  ; 
and  Constance  loved  the  squire,  but  knew 
it  not  till  she  feared  he  was  going  to 
marry  another.  When  they  each  dis- 
covered the  state  of  their  hearts,  they 
agreed  to  become  man  and  wife. — S. 
Knowles,  The  Love-Chase  (1837). 

Wildrake  (Roger),  a  dissipated  royalist. 
— Sir  W.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time,  Com- 
monwealth). 

"Wilelmi'na  [Bundle],  daughter  of 
Bundle  the  gardener.  Tom  Tug  the 
waterman  and  Robin  the  gardener  sought 
her  in  marriage.  The  father  preferred 
honest  Tom  Tug,  but  the  mother  liked 
better  the  sentimental  and  fine-phrased 
Robin.  Wilelmina  said  he  who  first  did 
any  act  to  deserve  her  love  should  have 
it.  Tom  Tug,  by  winning  the  waterman's 
badge,  carried  off  the  bride. — C.  Dibdin, 
'The  Waterman  (1774). 

Wilfer  (Reginald),  called  by  his  wife 
R.  W.,  and  by  his  fellow-clerks  Rumty. 
He  was  clerk  in  the  drug-house  of  Chick- 
sey,  Stobbles,  and  Veneering.  In  person 
Mr.  Wilfer  resembled  an  overgrown 
cherub  ;  in  manner  he  was  shy  and  re- 
tiring. 

Mr  Reginald  Wilfer  was  a  poor  clerk,  so  poor  Indeed 
that  lie  bad  never  yet  attained  the  modest  ohject  of  his 
ambition,   which  was   to   wear  a  complete  new  suit  of 

clothes,  bat  and  I ta  Included,  at  one  time.     His  black 

bat  w:is  brown  before  be  could  afford  a  coat ;  bis  panta- 
loons were  white  at  tbo  seams  and  knees  before  be  could 


buy  a  pair  of  boots;  his  boots  had  worn  ont  before  he 
could  treat  himself  to  new  pantaloons;  and  by  the  time  he 
worked  round  to  the  bat  again,  that  shining  modern  article 
roofed  in  an  ancient  ruin  of  various  periods. — Ch.  iv. 

Mrs.  Wilfer,  wife  of  Mr.  Reginald. 
A  most  majestic  woman,  tall  and  angular. 
She  wore  gloves,  and  a  pocket-handker- 
chief tied  under  her  chin.  A  patronizing, 
condescending  woman  was  Mrs.  Wilfer, 
with  a  mighty  idea  of  her  own  importance. 
"Viper!"  "  Ingrate ! "  and  such  like 
epithets  were  household  words  with  her. 

Bella  Wilfer,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wilfer.  A  wayward,  playful,  affection- 
ate, spoilt  beauty,  "  giddy  from  the 
want  of  some  sustaining  purpose,  and 
capricious  because  she  was  always 
fluttering  among  little  things."  Bella 
was  so  pretty,  so  womanly,  and  yet  so 
childish  that  she  was  always  captivating. 
She  spoke  of  herself  as  "  the  lovely 
woman,"  and  delighted  in  "doing  the 
hair  of  the  family."  Bella  Wilfer  married 
John  Harmon  (John  Rokesmith),  the 
secretary  of  Mr.  Boffin  "  the  golden 
dustman." 

Lavinia  Wilfer,  youngest  sister  of  Belltt, 
and  called  "The  Irrepressible."  Lavinia 
was  a  tart,  pert  girl,  but  succeeded  in 
catching  George  Sampson  in  the  toils  of 
wedlock. — C.  Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend 
(18G4). 

Wilford,  in  love  with  Emily,  the 
companion  of  his  sister  Miss  Wilford. 
This  attachment  coming  to  the  knowledge 
of  Wilford's  uncle  and  guardian,  was 
disapproved  of  by  him  ;  so  he  sent  the 
young  man  to  the  Continent,  and  dis- 
missed the  young  lady.  Emily  went  to 
live  with  Goodman  Fairlop,  the  wood- 
man, and  there  Wilford  discovered  her  in 
an  archery  match.  The  engagement  was 
renewed,  and  ended  in  marriage. — Sir  II. 
B.  Dudley,  TJie  Woodman  (I7ll). 

Wilford,  secretary  of  sir  Edward  Mor- 
timer, and  the  suitor  of  Barbara  Rawbold 
(daughter  of  a  poacher).  Curious  to  know 
what  weighed  on  his  master's  mind,  he 
pried  into  an  iron  chest  in  sir  Edward's 
library;  but  while  so  engaged,  sir  Edward 
entered,  and  threatened  to  shoot  him.  lie 
relented,  however,  and  having  sworn  Wil- 
ford to  secrecy,  told  him  how  and  why  he 
had  committed  murder.  Wilford,  unable 
to  endure  the  watchful  and  jealous  eye  of 
his  master,  ran  away ;  but  sir  Edward 
dogged  him  from  place  to  place,  and  at 
length  arrested  him  on  the  charge  of 
theft.  Of  course,  the  charge  broke  down, 
Wilford  was  acquitted,  sir  Edward  con- 
fessed himself  a  murderer,  and  died.    (See 


WILFORD. 


1106 


WILL-O'-WISP. 


Williams,    Caleb.)— G.   Column,    The 
Iron  Chest  (1796). 

%*  This  is  a  dramatic  version  of  God- 
wins novel  called  Caleb  Williama  (1794). 
Wilford  is  "Caleh  Williams,"  and  sir 
Edward  Mortimer  is  "  Falkland." 

Wilford,  supposed  to  be  earl  of  Roch- 
dale. Three  things  he  had  a  passion  f.>r  : 
"  the  finest  hound,  the  finest  horse,  and 
the  finest  wife  in  the  three  kingdoms." 
It  turned  out  that  Master  Walter  "  the 
hunchback"  was  the  earl  of  Rochdale,  and 
Wilford  was  no  one.— S.  Knowles,  Tlte 
Hunchback  (1831). 

Wilford  (Lord),  the  truant  son  of  lord 
Woodville,  who  fell  in  love  with  Bess, 
the  daughter  of  the  "blind  beggar  of 
Bethnal  Green."  Tie  saw  her  by  accident 
in  London,  lost  sight  of  her,  but  resolved 
not  to  rest  night  or  day  till  he  found  her ; 
and,  said  he,  "If  I  find  her  not,  I'm 
tenant  of  the  house  the  sexton  builds." 
lSess  was  discovered  in  the  Queen's  Arms 
inn,  Romford,  and  turned  out  to  be  his 
cousin.— S.  Knowles,  The  Beggar  of 
Bethnal  Green  (183-1). 

Wilfred,  "  the  fool,"  one  of  the  sons 
of  sir  Hildebrand  Osbaldistone  of  Osbal- 
distone  Hall.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Hob  Roy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Wilfrid,  son  of  Oswald  Wycliffe;  in 
love  with  Matilda,  heiress  of  Rokeby's 
knight.  After  various  villainies,  Oswald 
forced  from  Matilda  a  promise  to  marry 
Wilfrid.  Wilfrid  thanked  her  for  the 
promise,  and  fell  dead  at  her  feet.— Sir 
W.  Scott,  Rokeby  (1818). 

"Wilfrid  or  Wilfrith  («.).    In  681 
the  bishop  Wilfrith,  who  had  been  bishop 
of  York,  being  deprived  of  his  see,  came 
to  Sussex,  and  did  much  to  civilize  the 
people.     He  taught  them  how  to  catch 
fish  generally,  for  before  they  only  know 
how    to    catch    eels.      He    founded    the 
bishopric  of  the  South  Saxons  at  Selsey, 
afterwards  removed  to  Chichester,  founded 
the   monastery    of    Ripon,    built    several 
ecclesiastical  edifices,  and  died  in  70!). 
Bt  Wilfrid,  sent  from  Yi.rk  Into  this  realm  recehred 
(Whom  the  Northumbrian  folk  bad  of  nil  Me  li.-ic.iYed), 
And  on  the  south  of  Thames  n  seat  di.l  him  afford. 
By  whom  the  poonle  lirM  receired  the  saying  word. 

Drayton.  I'olynlbian,  xL  (1613). 

Wilhelm  Meister  [Mice.tcr],  the 
hero  and  title  of  a  philosophic  novel  by 
Goethe.  This  is  considered  to  be  the  first 
true  German  novel.  It  consists  of  two 
parts  published  under  two  titles,  viz., 
The  Apprenticeship  of  Wilhelm  Meister 
47 


(1794  96),   and   The  Travels  of   WxiUlm 
Meister  (1821). 

Wilkins  {Peter),  Robert  Pultock  of 
Clement's  Inn,  author  of  The  Life  and 
Adventures  of  Peter  Wilkins,  a  Cornish 
Man  ilToo). 

The  tale  is  this:  Peter  Wilkins  is  a 
mariner,  thrown  on  a  desert  shore.  In 
time,  he  furnishes  himself  from  the  wreck 
with  many  necessaries,  and  discovers  that 
the  country  is  frequented  by  a  beautiful 
winged  race  called  glumms  and  gawreys, 
whoso  wings,  when  folded,  serve  fchi 
for  dress,  and  when  spread,  are  used  for 
flight.  Peter  marries  a  gawrcy,  by  name 
Youwarkee,  and  accompanies  her  to 
Nosmnbdsgrsutt,  a  land  of  semi-darkness, 
where  he  remains  many  years. 

rrtcr  Wilkin*  Is  a  work  of  uncommon  beauty.— 
Coleridge.  Table  Talk  (1835). 

Wilkinson  (James),  servant  to  Mr. 
Fairford  the  lawyer. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bed- 
gauntlet  (time,  George  III.). 

Will  (Belted),  William  lord  Howard, 
warden  of  the  western  marches  (1563- 
1640). 

His  Bllboa  blade,  by  Marchmen  felt, 
Ilnnu  in  n  lir.m.1  nnd  studded  Lelt ; 
Hence,  In  rude  phrase,  it..-  Borderan  still 
Called  noble  Howard  "  Belted  Win." 
Sir  W.  Scott.  Lay  Last  of  the  Lait  Minttrel  (1*»). 

Will  Laud,  a  smuggler,  with  whom 
Margaret  Catchpole  (q.v.)  falls  in  lore. 
He  persuades  her  to  escape  from  Ipswich 
jail,  and  supplies  her  with  a  seaman's 
dress.  The  two  are  overtaken,  and  Laud 
is  shot  in  attempting  to  prevent  the  re- 
capture of  Margaret.— Rev.  R.  Cobbold, 
Manjarct  Catchjiole. 

Will  and  Jean,  a  poetic  story  by 
Hector  Macneill  (178°).  Willie  Gair- 
lace  was  once  the  glory  of  the  town,  and 
h,.  married  Jeanie  Miller.  Just  about  this 
time  Maggie  Howe  opened  a  spirit  shop 
in  the  village,  and  Willi.-  fell  to  drinking. 
Having  reduced  himself  to  beggary,  he 

enlisted  as  a  soldier,  and   Jeanie   had  "to 

beg  her  bread."     Willie,  having  lost  his 

leg    in    battle,    was    put    on    the    Chelsea 

"bounty  list;"  and  Jeanie  was  placed, 
bv  the  duchess  of  Buccleuch,  in  an  alms- 
cottage.  Willie  contrived  to  reach  the 
cottage,  and 

Je.in  Mice  m.alr.  In  fon.l  nffectlon, 
Clo.-1'.-.l  Iht  Willie  to  her  breast. 

Will-o'-Wisp  or  WiU-roith-a-vitp, 
Here  Will  is  no  proper  name,  but  a 
Scandinavian  word  equivalent  to  mislead- 
ing or  errant.  Icelandic  villa  ("a-going 
astray"),  villr  ("wandering").  "I  am 
4   B 


WILLET. 


1106     WILLIAM  OF  CLOUDESLEY. 


mil  what  to  do"   (i.e.   "at   a    loss"). 
German,  irr-vrisch. 

Willet  (John),  landlord  of  the  May- 
pole inn.  A  burly  man,  large-headed, 
with  a  flat  face,  betokening  profound 
obstinacy  and  slowness  of  apprehension, 
combined  with  a  strong  reliance  on  his 
own  merits.  John  Willet  was  one  of 
the  most  dogged  and  positive  fellows 
in  existence,  always  6tire  that  he  was 
right,  and  that  every  one  who  differed 
from  him  was  wrong.  He  ultimately 
resigned  the  Maypole  to  his  son  Joe,  and 
retired  to  a  cottage  in  Chigwcll,  with  a 
small  garden,  in  which  Joe  had  a  May- 
pole erected  for  the  delectation  of  his 
aged  father.  Here  at  dayfall  assembled 
his  old  chums,  to  smoke,  and  prose,  and 
doze,  and  drink  the  evenings  away  ;  and 
here  the  old  man  played  the  landlord, 
scoring  up  huge  debits  in  chalk  to  his 
heart's  delight.  He  lived  in  the  cottage 
a  sleepy  life  for  seven  years,  and  then 
slept  the  sleep  which  knows  no  waking. 

Joe  Willet,  son  of  the  landlord,  a 
broad-shouldered,  strapping  young  fellow 
of  20.  Being  bullied  and  brow-beaten 
by  his  father,  he  ran  away  at.d  enlisted 
for  a  soldier,  lost  his  right  arm  in 
America,  and  was  dismissed  the  service. 
He  returned  to  England,  married  Dolly 
Varden,  and  became  landlord  of  the 
Maypole,  where  he  prospered  and  had 
a  large  family. — C.  Dickens,  Barruiby 
Jludje  (1841). 

William,  archbishop  of  Orange,  an 
ecclesiastic  who  besought  pope  Urban  on 
his  knees  to  permit  him  to  join  the 
Crusaders,  and,  having  obtained  permis- 
sion, led  400  men  to  the  siege  of  Jerusa- 
lem.— Tasso,  Jerusalem  Delivered  (1575). 

William,  youngest  son  of  William 
Rufus.  He  was  the  leader  of  a  large 
army  of  British  bowmen  and  Irish  volun- 
teers in  the  crusading  army.  —  Tasso, 
Jerusalem  Delivered,  iii.  (1575). 

%*  William  Rufus  was  never  married. 

William,  footman  to  Lovemore,  sweet 
npon  Muslin  the  lady's-maid.  He  is 
fond  of  cards,  and  is  a  below-stairs  imi- 
tation of  the  high-life  vices  of  the  latter 
half  of  the  eighteenth  century.  —  A 
Murphy,  The  Way  to  Keep  Him  (1760). 

William,  a  serving-lad  at  Arnheim 
Castle.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

William  (Lord),  master  of  Erlingford. 
His  elder  brother,  at  death,  committed 


to  his  charge  Edmund  the  rightful  heir, 
a  mere  child  ;  but  William  cast  the  child 
into  the  Severn,  and  seized  the  inherit- 
ance. One  anniversary,  the  Severn  over- 
flowed its  banks,  and  the  castle  was 
surrounded ;  a  boat  came  by,  and  lord 
William  entered.  The  boatman  thought 
he  heard  the  voice  of  a  child — nay,  he 
felt  sure  he  saw  a  child  in  the  water,  and 
bade  lord  William  stretch  out  his  hand 
to  take  it  in.  Lord  William  seized  th« 
child's  hand  ;  it  was  lifeless  and  clammy, 
heavy  and  inert.  It  pulled  the  boat 
under  water,  and  lord  William  was 
drowned,  but  no  one  heard  his  piercing 
cry  of  agonv. — R.  Southey,  Lord  William 
(a  ballad,  1804). 

"William  and  Margaret,  a  ballad 
by  Mallet.  William  promised  marriage 
to  Margaret,  deserted  her,  and  she  died 
"  consumed  in  early  prime."  Her  ghost 
reproved  the  faithless  swain,  who  "quaked 
in  every  limb,"  and,  raving,  hied  him  to 
Margaret's  grave.     There 

Thrire  he  called  on  Margaret's  nam*. 

And  thrice  he  wept  full  sore ; 
Then  lai.1  his  cheek  to  her  cold  gravi* 

And  word  spake  never  more. 

"William  I.  king  of  Prussia  and 
emperor  of  Germany,  called  Kaiser  Tar- 
tujfe  (1797-  ).  (See  Taktuffe,  p. 
977.) 

"WilHam  king  of  Scotland,  in- 
troduced by  sir  W.  Scott  in  The  Talisman 
(1825). 

"William  of  Cloudesley  (3  syl.,, 
a  north  country  outlaw,  associated  with 
Adam  Bell  and  Clym  of  the  ('lough 
(Clement  of  the  Cliff).  He  lived  in  Engle- 
wood  Forest,  near  Carlisle.  Adam  Bell 
and  Clym  of  the  Clough  were  single  men, 
but  William  had  a  wife  named  Alyce, 
and  "children  three"  living  at  Carlisle. 
The  three  outlaws  went  to  London  to  ask 
pardon  of  the  king,  and  the  king,  at  the 
queen's  intercession,  granted  it.  He  then 
took  them  to  a  field  to  see  them  shoot. 
William  first  cleft  in  two  a  hazel  wand 
at  a  distance  of  200  feet ;  after  this  he 
bound  his  eldest  son  to  a  stake,  put  an 
apple  on  his  head,  and,  at  a  distance  of 
"six  score  paces,"  cleft  the  apple  in  two 
without  touching  the  boy.  The  king  was 
so  delighted  that  he  made  William  "a 
gentleman  of  fe,"  made  his  ion  a  royal 
butler,  the  queen  took  Alyce  for  her 
"  chief  gentlewoman,"  and  tie  two  com- 
panions were  appointed  yeomen  of  the 
bed-chamber. — Percy,  licliqucs  ("Adam 
Bell,"  etc.),  1.  ii.  1. 


WILLIAM  OF  GOLDSBKOUGII.      1107 


WILSON. 


William  of  Goldsbrough,  one  of 
the  companions  of  Robin  Hood,  mentioned 
in  Grafton's  Olde  and  Auncient  Pamphlet 
(sixteenth  century). 

William  of  Norwich  (Saint),  a 
child  said  to  have  been  crucified  by  the 
Jews  in  1137.  (See  Hugh  of  Lincoln 
and  WKRNER.y 

Two  Iwys  of  tender  age,  those  saints  ensue, 
Of  Norwich  William  was,  of  Lincoln  Hugh, 
Whom  th'  unbelieving  Jews  (rebellious  that  abide), 
In  mocker)'  of  our  Christ,  at  Enter  crucified. 

Ihayton,  I'ul yolbion,  xxiv.  (lffiS). 

William-with-the-Long-Sword, 
the  earl  of  Salisbury.  He  was  the  natural 
brother  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion. — Sir 
W.  Scott,   T/ie  Talisman  (time,   Richard 

Williams  (Caleb),  a  lad  in  the  ser- 
vice of  Falkland.  Falkland,  irritated  by 
cruelty  and  insult,  commits  a  murder, 
which  is  attributed  to  another.  Williams, 
by  accident,  obtains  a  clue  to  the  real 
facts  ;  and  Falkland,  knowing  it,  extorts 
from  him  an  oath  of  secrecy,  and  then 
tells  him  the  whole  story.  The  lad,  find- 
ing life  in  Falkland's  house  insupportable 
from  the  ceaseless  suspicion  to  which  he 
is  exposed,  makes  his  escape,  and  is  pur- 
sued by  Falkland  with  relentless  perse- 
cution. At  last  Williams  is  accused  by 
Falkland  of  robbery,  and  the  facts  of  the 
case  being  disclosed,  Falkland  dies  of 
shame  and  a  broken  spirit.  (See  Wllr 
ford.) — W.  Godwin,  Caleb  William* 
(17!M). 

%*  The  novel  was  dramatized  by  G. 
Col  man,  under  the  title  of  The  Iron  Chest 
(1796).  Caleb  Williams  is  called  "  Wil- 
ford,"  and  Falkland  is  "sir  Edward 
Mortimer." 

Williams  (Ned),  the  sweetheart  of 
Cicely  Jopson,  farmer,  near  Clifton. 

Farmer  Will  in  ins,  Ned's  father. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Waverley  (time,  George  II.). 

Willie,  clerk  to  Andrew  Skurliewhit- 
ter  the  pcrivener. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes 
of  Ni<jel  (time,  James  I.). 

Willieson  (  William),  a  brig-owner, 
one  of  the  Jacobite  conspirators  under  the 
laird  of  Ellieslaw. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Tlie 
Black  J)warf  (time,  Anne). 

Williewald  of  Geier stein  (Count), 
father  of  count  Arnold  of  Geiersteio  alms 
Arnold  Biederman  (landammanof  Onter- 

walden). — Sir  W.   Scott,  Anne  of  Oeier- 
tteitk  ftime.  Edward  IV.). 

Will-o'-the-Flat,  one  of  the  hunts- 


men near  Charlie's  Hope  farm. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Manncrinj  (time,  George  II.). 

Willoughby  (Lord),  of  queen  Eliza- 
beth's court. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Kenilworth 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Willy,  a  shepherd  to  whom  Thomalin 
tells  the  tale  of  his  battle  with  Cupid 
(eel.  hi.).  (See  Thomalin.)  In  eel. 
viii.  he  is  introduced  again,  contending 
with  Perigot  for  the  prize  of  poetry, 
Cuddy  being  chosen  umpire.  Cuddy  de- 
clares himself  quite  unable  to  decide  the 
contest,  for  both  deserve  the  prize. — 
Spenser,  The  Shepheardes  Calendar  \  1  ."> 7 1 » ) . 

Wilrnot.  There  are  three  of  the  name 
in  Fatal  Curiosity  (17;><">),  by  George 
Lillo,  viz.,  old  Wilmot,  his  wile  ' 
and  their  son  young  Wilmot  Bnpposed  to 
have  perished  at  sea.  The  young  man, 
however,  is  not  drowned,  but  goes  to 
India,  makes  his  fortune,  and  returns, 
unknown  to  any  one  of  his  friends.  lie 
goes  in  disguise  to  his  parents,  and 
deposits  with  them  a  casket.  Curiosity 
induces  Agnes  to  open  it,  and  when  she 
sees  that  it  contains  jewels,  she  and  her 
husband  resolve  to  murder  the  owner, 
and  appropriate  the  contents  of  the 
casket.  No  sooner  have  they  committed 
the  fatal  deed  than  they  discover  it  is 
their  own  son  whom  they  have  killed  ; 
whereupon  the  old  man  stabs  first  his 
wife  and  then  himself. 

The  harrowing  details  of  this  trued?  arr  r^werfully 
depleted;  and  theagoniei  of  old  rVlimol  oonatltuta  one 
of  the  moet  appalling  ami  affecting  Incident!  m  Uie 

drama— K.  Chambers,  Hmjluh  IMentfure,  I. 

Hi,!  Wtlmot'»  character,  as  the  needy  man  who  had 
known  better  days,  exhibits  a  mind  naturally  good,  hut 
prepared  for  acting  evil. — Sir  W.  Bcott,  Tit*  Druma. 

WUmot  (Miss  Arabella),  a  clergyman's 
daughter,  beloved  by  George  Primrose, 
eldest  son  of  the  vicar  of  Wakefield, 
whom  ultimately  she  marries. — Gold- 
smith, Vicar  of  Wakefield  (1766). 

Wilmot  (Lord),  earl  of  Rochester,  of 
the  court  of  Charles  II. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Woodstock  (time,  Commonwealth). 

Wilsa,  the  mulatto  f^i rl  of  Dame 
Ursley  Suddleehop  the  barber's  wife- 
Six  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel  (time, 
James  I.). 

Wilson  (Alison),  the  old  housekeeper 

of  colonel  Silas  Morton  of  Milnwood. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles 
II.). 

Wilson  (Andrar),  smuggler;  the  com- 
rade of  Geordie  Robertson.  He  was 
hanged. — Sir  W.    Scott,   Heart  of  Mid- 

lothuin  (time,  George  11.). 


WILSON. 


1108 


WINDMILLS. 


Wilson  (Bob),  groom  of  sir  William 
Ashton  the  lord  keeper  of  Scotland. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Laminermoor  (time, 
William  III.). 

Wilson  (Christie),  a  character  in  the 
introduction  of  the  Black  Dwarf,  by  sir 
W.  Scott. 

Wilson  (John),  groom  of  Mr.  Godfrey 
I'.ertram  laird  of  Ellangowan. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Guy  Manneriiuj  (time,  George  II.). 

"Wilton  (Ralph  de),  the  accepted  suitor 
of  lady  Clare  daughter  of  the  earl  of 
Gloucester.  When  lord  Marmion  over- 
came Ralph  de  Wilton  in  the  ordeal  of 
battle,  and  left  him  for  dead  on  the  field, 
lady  Clare  took  refuge  in  Whitby  Con- 
vent. By  Marmion's  desire  she  was 
removed  from  the  convent  to  Tantallon 
Hall,  where  she  met  Ralph,  who  had 
been  cured  of  his  wounds.  Ralph,  being 
knighted  by  Douglas,  married  the  lady 
Clare. — Sir  W.  Scolt,  Marmion  (1808). 

"Wimble  ( Will),  a  character  in  Addi- 
Bon's  Spectator,  simple,  good-natured, 
and  officious. 

%*  Will  Wimble  in  the  flesh  was 
Thomas  Morccroft  of  Dublin  (*-1741). 

Wimbledon  (The  Philosopher  of), 
John  Home  Tooke,  who  lived  at  Wimble- 
don, near  London  (1736-1812). 

Winchester,  in  Arthurian  romance, 
Is  called  Camelot. 

It  swam  down  the  ttreara  to  the  city  of  Camelot,  <.«. 
In  English,  Wlncherter.—  Sir  T.  Malory,  llutory  o/ l-rince 
Art/iur.  i.  44(1470). 

Winchester  (The  bishop  of),  Lancelot 
Andrews.  The  name  is  not  given  in  the 
novel,  but  the  date  of  the  novel  is  1620, 
and  Dr.  Andrews  was  translated  from 
Ely  to  Winchester  in  February,  1618- 
19;  and  died  in  1626.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
Fortunes  of  Kujcl  (time,  James  I.). 

"Wind  Sold.  At  one  time,  the  Fin- 
landers  and  Laplanders  drove  a  profitable 
trade  by  the  sale  of  winds.  After  being 
paid,  they  knitted  three  magical  knots, 
and  told  the  buyer  that  when  he  untied 
the  first  he  would  have  a  good  gale  ; 
when  the  second,  a  strong  wind;  and 
when  the  third,  a  severe  tempest. — Olaus 
Magnus,  History  of  the  Goths,  etc.,  47 
(1*58), 

Ring  Eric  of  Sweden  was  quite  a  po- 
tentate of  these  elements,  and  could 
change  them  at  pleasure  by  merely 
shifting  his  cap. 

Bessu  Millie,  of  l'omo'na,  in  the 
Orkney   Islands,  helped  to  eke  out  her 


living  (even  so  late  as  1814)  by  selling 
favourable  winds  to  mariners,  for  the 
small  sum  of  sixpence  per  vessel. 

Winds  were  also  at  one  time  sold  at 
mont  St.  Michel,  in  Normandy,  by  nine 
druidesses,  who  likewise  sold  arrows  to 
charm  away  storms.  These  arrows  were 
to  be  shot  "off  by  a  young  man  25  yean 
of  age. 

%*  Witches  generally  were  supposed 
to  sell  wind. 

'( »:  I'll   marry  a  Lapland  witch   as  soon,  and  live 

upon  yelling  contrary  winds  and  wrecked  Teasels. — W. 
Congreve,  Luvc  for  /.ore,  in.  (lftUSi. 

In  Ireland  and  in  Denmark  both. 
Witches  fur  gold  will  sell  a  man  a  wind. 
Which.  In  Ilie  comer  of  a  napkin  wrapped. 
Shall  blow  him  sale  unto  what  coast  he  will. 

Summer,  latt  Mill  and  TaU  (1600). 

%•  See  note  to  the  Pirate  "  Sale  of 
Winds  "  (  Wacerley  Aotels,  xxiv.  136). 

"Winds  ( The),  according  to  Hesiod, 
were  the  sons  of  Astneus  and  Aurora. 

You  nymphs,  the  winced  offspring  which  of  old 
Aurora  to  divine  Aatrreus  bore. 

Akcnalde,  JJymn  to  the  Kaiad*  (1767). 

"Winds  and  Tides.  Nicholas  of 
Lyn,  an  Oxford  scholar  and  friar,  was  a 
great  navigator.     He  "took  the  height  of 

mountains  with  bis  astrolobe,"  and  taught 
that  there  were  four  whirlpools  like  the 
Maelstrom  of  Norway — onein  each  quarter 
of  the  globe,  from  which  the  four  winds 
issue,  and  which  are  the  cause  of  the 
tides. 

One  Nicholas  of  Lyn 

The  whirlpools  of  the  seas  did  come  to  understand,  .  .  . 

For  such  unmeasured  pools,  philosophers  agree, 

I   tin-  four  part*  of  the  world  undoubtedly  there  be. 

From  which  they  have  supposed  nature  the  winds  doth 

raise. 
And  from  them  too  proceed  the  flowing  of  the  seas. 

Drayton.  I'olyUiUm.  ill.  (1631). 

"Windmill  -with  a  "Weather- 
cock Atop  (Tfte).  Goodwyn,  a  puritan 
divine  of  St.  Margaret's,  London,  was  so 
called  (1593-1651). 

"Windmills.  Don  Quixote,  seeing 
some  thirty  or  forty  windmills,  insisted 
that  they  were  giants,  and,  running  a  tilt 
at  one  of  them,  thrust  his  spear  into  the 
sails ;  whereupon  the  sails  raised  both 
man  and  horse  into  the  air,  and  shivered 
the  knight's  lance  into  splinters.  When 
don  Quixote  was  thrown  to  the  ground, 
he  persisted  in  saying  that  his  enemy 
Preston  had  transformed  the  giants  into 
windmills  merely  to  rob  him  of  his 
honour,  but  notwithstanding,  the  wind- 
mills were  in  reality  giants  in  disguise. 
This  is  the  first  adventure  of  the  knight. 
— Cervantes,  J>vn  Quixote,  I.  i.  8  (1606). 
Windmills.  The  giant  Widenostrili 
liyed    on    windmills.      (See    Wil»icnoi»- 


WINDSOR. 


1109 


WINKLE. 


trii.s.)— Rabelais,    Pantagruel,    iv.     17 
(1545). 

"Windsor  (Tlie  Rev.  Mr.),  a  friend  of 
Master  Geo  rye  Ileriot  the  king's  gold- 
smith.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Fortunes  of  Nigel 
(time,  James  I.). 

"Windsor  Beauties  (The),  Anne 
Hyde  duchess  of  York,  and  her  twelve 
ladies  in  the  court  of  Charles  II.,  painted 
by  sir  Peter  Lely  at  the  request  of  Anne 
Hyde.  Conspicuous  in  her  train  of 
HebOs  was  Frances  Jennings,  eldest 
daughter  of  Richard  Jennings  of  Stand- 
ridge,  near  St.  Alban's. 

"Windsor  Sentinel  (The)  who 
heard  St.  Paul's  clock  strike  thirteen,  was 
John  Hatfield,  who  died  at  his  house  in 
Glasshouse  Yard,  Aldersgate,  June  18, 
1770,  aged  102. 

"Windsor  of  Denmark  (Tlie),  the 
eastle  of  Cronborg,  in  Elsinore. 

"Windy-Cap,  Eric  king  of  Sweden. 

[Told\  of  Erick's  cap  and  Elmo's  light. 

Sir  W.  Scott,  Kokeby,  li.  11  (1S13). 

"Wine.  If  it  makes  one  stupid  it  is 
vin  d'dne ;  if  maudlin,  it  is  vin  de  cerf 
(from  the  notion  that  deer  weep) ;  u 
quarrelsome,  it  is  vin  de  lion ;  if  talka- 
tive, it  is  vin  de  pie  ;  if  sick,  it  is  vxn  de 
pore ;  if  crafty,  it  is  vin  de  renard ;  if 
rude,  it  is  vin  de  singe.  To  these  might 
be  added,  vin  de  chevre,  when  an  amorous 
effect  is  produced ;  vin  de  coucou,  if  it 
makes  one  egotistical  ;  and  vin  de  era- 
paud,  when  its  effect  is  inspiring. 

Wine  (1814).  In  1858  a  sale  took 
place  in  Paris  of  the  effects  of  the  late 
duchesse  de  Raguse,  including  a  pipe  of 
Madeira.  This  wine  was  fished  up  in 
1814  from  the  carcase  of  a  ship  wrecked 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Scheldt  in  1778,  and 
had  lain  there  till  1814.  Louis  XVIII. 
bought  it,  but  part  of  it  was  presented  to 
the  French  consul,  and  thus  it  came  into 
the  cellar  of  the  due  de  Raguse.  At  the 
sale,  forty-four  bottles  were  sold,  and 
the  h.te  baron  Rothschild  bought  them 
for  their  weight  in  gold. 

Wine  (Three-Men).  Very  bad  wine  is 
bo  called,  l>ecause  it  requires  one  man  to 
hold  the  drinker,  a  second  to  pour  the 
wine  down  his  throat,  and  the  third  man 
is  the  victim  himself. 

Abraham  Santa  Clara,  the  preaching 
friar,  calls  the  wine  of  Alsace  "  three- 
men  wine." 

"Wine-Mixer    (Tlie    Most     Famous 


British),  Quintafiona,  the  go-between  of 
Guinevere  and  sir  Launcelot.  From  an 
old  ballad,  it  seems  that  Quintanona  set 
sir  Launcelot  the  task  of  bringing  to  her 
"  the  bonnie  white-foot  deer,"  an  animal 
attended  by  seven  lions  and  a  lioness. 
This  deer  had  already  been  the  death  of 
many  champions.  It  was  in  reality  a 
prince  who  had  been  transformed  into  a 
deer  by  the  incantations  of  his  father. 

"Wingate  (Master  Jasper),  the  steward 
at  Avenel  Castle. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Tl* 
Abbot  (time,  Eli  '.abeth). 

"Winged  Horse  (A),  the  standard 
and  emblem  of  ancient  Corinth,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  fountain  of  Pire'ne,  near 
that  city,  and  Peg'asus  the  winger? 
horse  of  Apollo  and  the  Muses. 

"Winged  Lion  (Tlie),  the  heraldic 
device  of  the  republic  of  Venice. 

They'll  plant  the  winged  lion  In  these  halls. 
Kobert  Browning.    The  Jieturn  of  the  Lfraset,  T. 

"Wingfield,  a  citizen  of  Perth,  whose 
trade  was  feather-dressing. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Fair  Maid  of  Perth  (time,  Henry 
IV.). 

Wingfield  (Ambrose),  employed  at  Os- 
baldistone  Hall. 

Lancie  Wirvificld,  one  of  the  men 
employed  at  Osbaldistone  Hall. — Sir  W- 
Scott,  Rob  Roy  (time,  George  I.). 

"Wing-the-Wind  (Michael),  a  ser- 
vant at  Holy  rood  Palace,  and  the  friend 
of  Adam  Woodcock. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The 
Abbot  (time,  Elizabeth). 

"Winifrid  (St.),  patron  saint  of 
virgins  ;  beheaded  by  Caradoc  for  refus- 
ing to  marry  him.  The  tears  she  shed 
became  the  fountain  called  "  St.  Wini- 
frid's  Well,"  the  waters  of  which  not 
only  cure  all  sorts  of  diseases,  but  are  so 
buoyant  that  nothing  sinks  to  the  bottom. 
St.  "Winifrid's  blood  stained  the  gravel 
in  the  neighbourhood  red,  and  her  hair 
became  moss.  Drayton  has  j^iven  this 
legend  in  verse  in  his  Polyolbiun,  x.  (1012). 

"Winkle  (Nathaniel),  M.P.C.,  a  young 
cockney    sportsman,    considered    by    his 

companions  to  be  a  dead  shot,  a  hunter, 
skater,  etc.  All  these  acquirements  are, 
however,  wholly  imaginary.  He  marries 
Arabella  Allen. — C.  Dickens,  Tlie  Pick- 
mck  Papers  (1836). 

Winkle  (Rip  van),  a  Dutch  colonist  of 
New  York,  who  mot  a  strange  man  in  a 
ravine  of  the  Kaatskill  Mountains.  Rip 
helped  tie  stranger  to  carry  a  keg  to  a 


WINKLEBRED. 


1110 


WISDOM. 


wild  retreat  among  rocks,  where  he  saw 
a  host  of  strange  personages  playing 
skittles  in  mysterious  silence.  Kip  took 
the  first  opportunity  of  tasting  the  keg, 
fell  into  a  stupor,  "and  slept  for  twenty 
years.  On  waking,  he  found  that  his 
wife  was  dead  and  buried,  his  daughter 
married,  his  village  remodelled,  and 
America  had  become  independent. — 
Washington  Irving,  Sketch-Book  (1820). 

The  tale  of  Epimenides,  of  Peter  Klaus, 
of  the  Sleeping  Beauty,  the  Seven 
Sleepers,  etc.,  are  somewhat  similar. 
(See  Sleeper,  p.  919.) 

"Winklebred  or  Winklebrand 
(Louis),  lieutenant  of  sir  Maurice  de 
Bracy  a  follower  of  prince  John. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time  Richard  I.). 

"Winnie  (Annie),  an  old  sibyl,  who 
makes  her  appearance  at  the  death  of 
Alice  Gray. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bride  of  Larn- 
mermoor  (time,  William  III.). 

Winter,  the  head  servant  of  general 
Withcrington  alias  Richard  Tresham. — 
Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgeon's  Daughter 
(time,  George  II.). 

Winter.     (See  Seasons,  p.  884.) 

Winter  King  (The),  Frederick  V., 
the  rival  of  Ferdinand  II.  of  Germany, 
lie  married  Elizabeth  daughter  of  James 
I.  of  England,  and  was  king  of  Bohemia 
for  just  one  winter,  the  end  of  1619  and 
the  beginning  of  1620  (1596-1632).  (See 
Snow  King,  p.  927.) 

"Winter  Queen  (The),  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  James  I.  of  England,  and 
wife  of  Frederick  V.  "The  Winter  King." 
(See  Snow  Queen,  p.  927.) 

Winter's  Bird  (The),  the  wood- 
cock. 

How  nobler  to  tlie  winter  bird  to  say, 
"  Poor  stranger,  welcome  from  thy  stormy  way  .  .  . 
The  food  and  shelter  of  my  valleys  share." 
Peler  Pindar  [Dr.  Wolcot],  ltland  o/  Innocence  (1809). 

Winter's  Tale  {The),  by  Shake- 
speare (1G04).  Leontes  king  of  Sicily 
invites  his  friend  Polixenes  to  visit  him. 
During  this  visit  the  king  becomes 
jealous  of  him,  and  commands  Camillo 
to  poison  him  ;  but  Camillo  only  warns 
Polixenes  of  the  danger,  and  flees  with 
him  to  Bohemia.  When  Leontes  hears 
thereof,  his  rage  is  unbounded;  and  he 
casts  his  queen  Hermi'one  into  prison, 
where  she  gives  birth  to  a  daughter, 
which  Leontes  gave  direction  shoi.'d 
be  placed  on  a  desert  shore  to  perish. 
In    the    mean    time,    he    is    told    that 


Hermione,  the  queen,  is  dead.  The 
vessel  containing  the  infant  daughter 
being  storm-driven  to  Bohemia,  the  child 
is  left  there,  and  is  brought  up  by  a  shep- 
herd, who  calls  it  Perdlta.  One  day,  in 
a  hunt,  prince  Florizel  sees  Perdita  and 
falls  in  love  with  her ;  but  Polixenes,  his 
father,  tells  her  that  she  and  the  shepherd 
shall  be  put  to  death  if  she  encourages  the 
foolish  suit.  Florizel  and  Perdita  now  flee 
to  Sicily,  and  being  introduced  to  Leontes, 
it  is  soon  discovered  that  Perdita  is  his 
lost  daughter.  Polixenes  tracks  his  son 
to  Sicily,  and  being  told  of  the  discovery, 
gladly  consents  to  the  union  he  had 
before  forbidden.  Pauli'na  now  invites 
the  royal  party  to  inspect  a  statue  of 
Hermione  in  her  house,  and  the  statu* 
turns  out  to  be  the  living  queen. 

The  plot  of  this  drama  is  borrowed 
from  the  tale  of  Pandosto  or  The  Triumph 
of  Time,  by  Robert  Greene  (1583). 

We  should  have  him  back 
Who  told  the  Hinrer'j  Tale  to  do  it  for  us. 

Tennyson,  Prologue  of  The  Prineeu. 

Winterblossom  ( Mr.  Philip),  "  the 
man  of  taste,"  on  the  managing  com- 
mittee at  the  Spa. — Sir  W.  Scott,  St. 
Bonan's  Well  (time,  George  III.). 

Wintersen  (The  count),  brother  of 
baron  Steinfort,  lord  of  the  place,  and 
greatly  beloved. 

TJte  countess  Wintersen,  wife  of  tho 
above.  She  is  a  kind  friend  to  Mrs. 
Haller,  and  confidante  of  her  brother  the 
baron  Steinfort. — Benjamin  Thompson, 
Tlie  Stranger  (1797). 

Winterton  (Adam),  the  garrulous 
old  steward  of  sir  Edward  Mortimer,  in 
whose  service  he  had  been  for  forty-nine 
years.  He  was  fond  of  his  little  jokes, 
and  not  less  so  of  his  little  nips,  but  he 
loved  his  master  and  almost  idolized  him. 
— G.  Colman,  1'fie  Iron  Chest  (1796). 

Win-the-Fight  (Master  Joachin), 
the  attorney  employed  by  major  Bridge- 
north  the  roundhead. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Peveril  of  the  Peak  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Wirral  (The),  the  long,  square-ended 
peninsula  between  the  Mersey  and  the 
Dee. 

Here  there  are  few  that  either  God  or  man  with  good 
heart  love. 

Sir  Gateayne  and  the  Green  Knight. 

"Wisdom  (Honour  paid  to). 

Anaciiahsis  went  from  Scythia  to 
Athens  to  see  Solon. — ^El  tin,  De  Varia 
Jlistorui,  v. 

Apoli.onios  Tyan^eus  (Cappadocia) 
travelled  through  Scvthia  and  into  India 


WISDOM  PERSECUTED. 


1111 


WISE  MEN. 


as  far  as  the  river  Phison  to  see  Riarchus. 

— Philostratos,  Life  of  Apollonios,  ii.  last 
chapter. 

P.kn  Jonson,  in  1010,  travelled  on  foot 
from  London  to  Scotland  merely  to  see 
W.  Drammond,  the  Scotch  poet,  whose 
genius  he  admired. 

I, ivy  went  from  the  confines  of  Spain 
to  Rome  to  hold  converse  with  the  learned 
men  of  that  city. — Pliny  the  Younger, 
Epistle,  iii.  2. 

Plato  travelled  from  Athens  to  Egypt 
to  see  the  wise  men  or  magi,  and  to  visit 
Archytas  of  Tarentum,  inventor  of  several 
automatons,  as  the  Hying  pigeon,  and  of 
numerous  mechanical  instruments,  as  the 
.screw  and  crane. 

Pythagoras  went  from  Italy  to  Egypt 
to  visit  the  vaccinators  of  Memphis. — 

Porphyry,  Life  of  Py t hay or as,  9  (Kuster's 
edition). 

SllRBA  (The  queen  of)  went  from  "the 
uttermost  parts  of  the  earth  "  to  hear  and 
see  Solomon,  whose  wisdom  and  great- 
ness had  reached  her  ear. 

"Wisdom  Persecuted. 

Anaxagobas  of  ClazomgnsB  held  opi- 
nions in  oatura]  science  so  far  in  advance 
of  liis  age  that  he  was  accused  of  impiety, 
cast  into  prison,  and  condemned  to  death. 
It  was  with  great  difficulty  that  Pericles 
got  the  sentence  commuted  to  fine  and 
banishment. 

AVEBKOIS,  the  Arabian  philosopher,  was 
denounced  as  a  heretic,  and  degraded,  in 
the  twelfth  Christian  century  (died  1226). 

Bacon  (Friar)  was  excommunicated 
and  imprisoned  for  diabolical  knowledge, 
chiefly  on  account  of  his  chemical  re- 
searches (1214-1294). 

Bbdno  (Giordano)  was  burnt  alive  for 
maintaining  that  matter  is  the  mother 
of  all  things  (1560  1600). 

Cbosse  (Andrew),  electrician,  was 
shunned  as  a  profane  man,  because  he 
asserted  that  certain  minute  animals  of 
the  genua  Acarus  had  been  developed  by 
him  out  of  inorganic  elements  (1784- 
1865). 

DEE  (Dr.  John)  had  his  house  broken 
into  by  a  mob,  and  all  his  valuable 
library,  museum,  and  mathematical  in- 
struments destroyed,  because  he  was  so 
wise  that  "  he  must  have  been  allied  with 
the  devil"  (1527-1608). 

FbABQIL.     (See  "  Virgilius.") 

Galileo  was  imprisoned  by  the  In- 
quisition for  daring  to  believe  that  the 

earth  moved  round  the  sun  and  Dot  the 
lun  round  the  earth.      In  order  to  get  his 


liberty,  he  was  obliged  to  "abjure  the 
heresy  ;  "  but  as  the  door  closed  he  mut- 
tered, E  pur  rimuove  ("Rut  it  does  move, 
though"),  1564   L642. 

Gebbebt,  who  introduce,!  algebra  into 
Christendom,  was  accused  of  dealing  in 
the  black  arts,  and  was  shunned  as  a 
"  son  of  Relial." 

GbOSTED  or  GbOSSETBSTB  bishop  of 
Lincoln,  author  of  some  two  hundred 
works  was  accused  of  dealing  in  the  black 
arts,  and  the  pope  wrote  a  letter  to  Henry 
III.,  enjoining  him  to  disinter  the  fa  I 

the  too-wise  bishop,  as  they  polluted  the 
very  dust  of  God's  acre  (died  L268). 

Faust  (Dr.),  the  German  philosopher, 
was  accused  of  diabolism  for  his  wisdom 
so  far  in  advance  of  the  aire. 

Pbybebs  was  imprisoned  in  Brussels 
for  attempting  to  prove  that  man  existed 
before  Adam  (seventeenth  century). 

PrOTAGOBAS,  the  philosopher,  was 
banished  from  Athens,   for  his  book   On 

the  Oods, 
Socbatsb  was  condemned  to  death  as 

an  atheist,  because  he  was  the  wisest  of 
men,  and  his  wisdom  was  not  in  accord- 
ance with  the  age, 

Virgilius  bishop  of  Saltzburg  was 
compelled  by  pope  Zachary  to  retract  his 

assertion  that  there  are  other  '•  worlds  " 
besides  our  earth,  and  other  suns  and 
moons  besides  those  which  belong  to  our 
system  (died  784). 

Geologists  had  the  same  battle  to  fight, 
and  so  has  Colenso  bishop  of  Natal. 

Wise  (The). 

Albert  II.  duke  of  Austria,  "The  Lame 
and  Wis.'"  (1289,  1880  1858). 

Alfonso  X.  of  Leon  and  Castile  (1203, 
1252  1284). 

Charles  V.  of  France,  Lc  Sage  (1337, 
1364    1880). 

Che-Tsou  of  China  (*,  1278-1295). 

Comte  de  las  Cases,  Le  Sage  (1766- 
1842). 

Frederick  elector  of  Saxonv  (1463, 
1544-1554). 

.lames  I.,  "Solomon,"  of  England 
(1666,  L608  L625). 

John  V.  duke  of  Brittany,  "The  Good 
and  Wise"  (1889,  1899    1  142). 

Wise  Men  (The  Seven):  (1)  Solon 
of  Athens,  (2)  Chile  of  Sparta.  (8)  Thalfis 
of  Miletos,  (4)  Bias  of  Crime,  (.r.)  Cleo- 
bulos  of  Lindos,  (6)  Pittficosof  Mitylend, 
(7)  Coriander  of  Corinth,  or,  according 
to  Plato,  Myson  of  Chens.  All  flourished 
in  the  sixth  century  u.C. 

First  solos',  who  Tiin.1,'  tho  Athenian  Ian ; 
While  Clin/),  in  Bpwta,  VM  famed  for  lib  ■»»»- 


WISE  MEN  OF  THE  EAST.         1112 


WITCH  OF  EDMONTON. 


In  Miletos  did  Thales  astronomy  teach  ; 
Bias  used  in  Pricne  his  morals  to  preach  ; 
CLKOBULOS,  of  Lindos,  wi-  handsome  and  wise  ; 
Mitylene  "gainst  thraldom  saw  PlTTAtx**  rise  ; 
Pkeiandzr  is  said  to  hare  gained,  thro'  his  court. 
The  title  that  Ml'SON,  the  Cbeuiau,  ought. 

e.  c.  a 

One  of  Plutarch's  brochures  in  the 
Moralia  is  entitled,  "The  Banquet  of  the 
Seven  Wise  Men,"  in  which  Periander  ia 
made  to  give  an  account  of  a  contest 
at  Chalcis  between  Homer  and  Hesiod. 
The  latter  won  the  prize,  and  caused  this 
inscription  to  be  engraved  on  the  tripod 
presented  to  him  : 

This  Hesiod  vows  to  the  Heliconian  nine. 
In  Chalcis  won  from  Homer  the  divine. 

"Wise  Men  of  the  East.  Klop- 
stock,  in  The  Messiah,  v.,  says  there 
were  six  "  Wise  Men  of  the  East,"  who, 
guided  by  the  star,  brought  their  gifts  to 
Jesus,  "the  heavenly  babe,"  viz.,  Ha'dad, 
Sel'ima,  Zimri,  Mirja,  Be'led,  and 
Sun'ith.  (See  Cologne,  Three  kings 
of.) 

Wisest  Man.  So  the  Delphic  oracle 
pronounced  Soc'ratCs  to  be.  Socrates 
modestly  made  answer,  'Twas  because 
he  alone  had  learnt  this  first  element  of 
truth,  that  he  knew  nothing. 

Not  those  seven  sages  might  him  parallel ; 
Nor  he  whom  Pylliian  maid  did  whilome  tell 
To  be  the  wisest  man  Or.il  then  on  earth  did  dwell, 
l'hiu.  Fletcher,  The  Purple  Itlarui,  vL  (1633). 

"Wisheart  ( The  Rev.  Dr.),  chaplain 
to  the  earl  of  Montrose. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Legend  of  Montrose  (time,  Charles  I.). 

"Wisllfort  (Lady),  widow  of  sir 
Jonathan  Wiahfort ;  an  irritable,  im- 
patient, decayed  beauty,  who  painted 
and  enamelled  her  face  to  make  herself 
look  blooming,  and  was  afraid  to  frown 
lest  the  enamel  might  crack.  She  pre- 
tended to  be  cojT,  and  assumed,  at  the  age 
of  60,  the  airs  of  a  girl  of  1G.  A  trick 
was  played  upon  her  by  Edward  Mira- 
bell,  who  induced  his  lackey  Waitwell  to 
personate  sir  Rowland,  and  make  love 
to  her  ;  but  the  deceit  was  discovered 
before   much   mischief  was  done.      Her 

?et  expression  was,  "As  I'm  a  person." — 
7.   Congreve,    The    Way   of   the    World 
(1700). 

"Wishing-Cap  (The),  a  cap  given  to 
Fortunatus.  He  had  only  to  put  the  cap 
on  and  wish,  and  whatever  he  wished  he 
instantly  obtained.—  Straparola,  Fortu- 
natus. 

"Wishing-Rod  (The),  a  rod  of  pure 
fold,  belonging  to  the  Nibelungs.  Who- 
ever possessed  it  could  have  anything  lie 
rioeired  to  have,  and  hold  the  whole  world 


in  subjection. —  The  Nibelungen  Lied,  1160 
(1210). 

"Wishing-Sack  (The),  a  sack  given 
by  our  Lord  to  a  man  named  "  Fourteen," 
because  he  was  as  strong  as  fourteen  men. 
Whatever  he  wished  to  have  he  had  only 
to  say,  "Artchila  murtchila  !  "  ("Come 
into  my  sack "),  and  it  came  in ;  or 
"Artchila  murtchila!"  ("Go  into  my 
sack  "),  and  it  went  in. 

*#*  This  is  a  Basque  legend.  In  Gaa- 
coigne  it  is  called  "  Ramee's  Sack  "  (L» 
Sac  de  la  Rame'e).  "  Fourteen  "  is  some- 
times called  "  Twenty-four,"  sometimes 
a  Tartaro  or  Polypheme.  He  is  very 
similar  to  Christoph'eros. 

"Wisp  of  Straw,  given  to  a  scold  as 
a  rebuke. 

A  wisp  of  straw  were  worth  a  thousand  crowns. 
To  make  this  shameless  callet  know  herself. 

Bbaketpaaiai  i  Henry  ri.  act  ii.  sc  2  (1596). 

"Wit — Simplicity.  It  was  said  of 
John  Cay  that  ne  was 

In  wit  a  man,  simplicity  a  child. 

%*  The  line  is  often  flung  at  Oliver 
Goldsmith,  to  whom,  indeed,  it  equally 
applies. 

"Witch.  The  last  person  prosecuted 
before  the  lords  of  justiciary  (in  Scot- 
land) for  witchcraft  was  Elspeth  Rule. 
She  was  tried  May  3,  1709,  before  lord 
Anstruther,  and  condemned  to  be  burned 
on  the  cheek,  and  banished  from  Scotland 
for  life. — Arnot,  Jlistory  of  Edinburgh, 
3GG,  367. 

"Witch-Finder,  Matthew  Hopkins 
(seventeenth  century).  In  1645  he 
hanged  sixty  witches  in  his  own  county 
(Essex)  alone,  and  received  20s.  a  bead 
for  every  witch  he  could  discover. 

Has  not  the  present  parliament 

Mat  Hopkins  to  the  devil  sent. 

Fully  empowered  to  treat  about. 

Finding  revolted  witches  out! 

And  has  not  he  within  a  year 

Hanged  three  score  of  them  in  one  shire  f 

S.  Butler,  Uudibrat.  il  3  (»«M). 

"Witch  of  Atlas,  the  title  and 
heroine  of  one  of  Shelley's  poems. 

"Witch  of  Balwer'y,  Margaret 
Aiken,  a  Scotchwoman  (sixteenth  cen- 
tury). 

"Witch  of  Edmonton  (The),  call«vi 
"Mother  Sawyer."  This  In  the  true 
traditional  witch ;  no  mystic  ha_r,  no 
weird  sister,  but  only  a  poor,  deformed 
old  woman,  the  terror  of  >illagers,  and 
amenable  to  justice. 

Why  should  the  enrlous  world 
Throw  all  their  scai.dalou*  malice  upon  me? 


WITCH'S  BLOOD. 


1113 


WOBBLER. 


Because  I'm  poor,  deformed,  and  Ignorant, 
Ami.  liken  lx>w.  buckled  ami  bent  together 
By  some  more  strong  hi  ndachleb  than  myself. 

The  Witch  of  Edmonton  (by  Rowley,  Dekker, 
and  Ford.  1G53). 

Witch's  Blood.  Whoever  was  suc- 
cessful in  drawing  blood  from  a  witch, 
was  free  from  her  malignant  power. 
Hence  Talbot,  when  he  sees  La  Pucelle, 
exclaims,  "Blood  will  I  draw  from  thee; 
thou  art  a  witch ! " — Shakespeare,  1  Henry 
VI.  act  i.  sc.  5  (1592). 

Withering^on  ( General)  a/ias  Richard 
Tresham,  who  first  appears  as  Mr.  Matthew 
Middlemas. 

Mrs.  Witherin<jton,  wife  of  the  general, 
alias  Mrs.  Middlemas  (born  Zelia  de 
Moncada).  She  appears  first  as  Mrs. 
Middlemas. — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Surgco7i's 
Daughter  (time,  G«orge  II.). 

Wititterly  (Mr.  Henry),  an  impor- 
tant gentleman,  38  years  of  age ;  of 
rather  plebeian  countenance,  and  with 
very  light  hair.  lie  boasts  everlastingly 
of  his  grand  friends.  To  shake  hands 
with  a  lord  was  a  thing  to  talk  of,  but  to 
entertain  one  was  the  seventh  heaven  to 
his  heart. 

Mrs.  Wititterly  [Julia],  wife  of  Mr. 
Wititterly,  of  Oadogan  Place,  Sloane 
Street,  London  ;  a  faded  lady  living  in 
a  faded  house.  She  calls  her  page 
Alphonse  (2  si/l.),  "although  he  lias  the 
face  and  figure  of  Bill."  Mrs.  Wititterly 
toadies  the  aristocracy,  and,  like  her 
husband,  boasts  of  her  grand  connec- 
tions and  friends. — C.  Dickens,  Nicholas 
Nickleby  (1838).     (See  TlBBS,  p.  1004.) 

Witi'za.    (See  Vitiza.) 

Witling  of  Terror,  Bertrand  Ba- 
rere  ;  also  called  "  The  Anacreon  of  the 
Guillotine"  (1755-1841). 

Wits.  "  Great  wits  are  sure  to  mad- 
ness near  allied." — Dry  den. 

%*  The  idea  is  found  in  Seneca  :  Nul- 
lum magnum  ingenium  absque  mixtura 
dementia  est.  Kestus  said  to  Paul, 
"Much  learning  doth  make  thee  mad" 
(Acts  xxvi.  24). 

Wits  (Your Jive).  Stephen  Ilawes  ex- 
plains this  expression  in  his  poem  of 
Graunde  Aumure,  xxiv.,  from  which  we 
gather  that  the  live  wits  are:  Common 
wit,  imagination,  fantasy,  estimation, 
and  memory  (1515). 

AJaa,  sir,  how  (all  you  begldea  your  firo  wlisT 
Shakespeare,  'twelfth  /fight,  a.-t  iv.  sc.  a  [1808), 

Wittenbold,  a  Dutch  commandant, 


in  the  service  of  Charles  II. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  Old  Mortality  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Wittol    (Sir    Joseph),   an    ignorant, 

foolish  simpleton,  who   says  that   Ilully 
Buff,  ''is  as  brave  a  fellow  as  Cannibal. 
— Congreve,  The  Old  Bachelor  ( lC,i»3). 

Witwould  (Sir  Wilful),  of  Shrop- 
shire, half-brother  of  Anthony  Witwould, 
and  nephew  of  lady  Wishfoit,  A  mixture 
of  bashf ulness  and  obstinacy,  but  when  in 
his  cups  as  loving  as  the  monster  in  the 
Tempest.  He  is  "a  superannuated 
old  bachelor,"  who  is  willing  to  marry 
Millamant ;  but  as  the  young  lady  prefers 
Edward  Mirabell,  he  is  equally  willing  to 
resign  her  to  him.  His  favourite  phrase 
is,  "Wilful  will  do  it." 

Anthony  Witwould,  half-brother  to  sir 
Wilful.  "  He  has  good  nature  and  does 
not  want  wit."  Having  a  rood  memory, 
he  has  a  store  of  other  folks'  wit,  which 
he  brings  out  in  conversation  with  good 
effect.— W.  Congreve,  The  Way  of  the 
World  (1700). 

Wives  as  they  Were  and  Maids 
as  they  Are,  a  comedy  by  Mrs.  Inch- 
bald  (1797).  Lady  Priory  is  the  type  of 
the  former,  and  Miss  Dorrillon  of  the 
latter.  Lady  Priory  is  discreet,  domestic, 
and  submissive  to  her  husband  ;  but  Miss 
Dorrillon  is  gay,  flighty,  and  fond  of 
pleasure.  Lady  Priory,  under  false  pre- 
tences, is  allured  from  home  by  a  Mr. 
Bronzely,  a  man  of  no  principle  and  a 
rake;  but  her  quiet,  innocent  conduct  quite 
disarms  him,  and  he  takes  her  back  to  her 
husband,  ashamed  of  himself,  and  resolves 
to  amend.  Miss  Dorrillon  is  so  involved 
in  debt  that  she  is  arrested,  but  her  father 
from  the  Indies  pays  her  debts.  She  also 
repents,  and  becomes  the  wife  of  sir  George 
Evelyn. 

Wives    of    Literary  Men.    The 

following  were  unhappy  in  their  wives  : — 
Addison,  Byron,  Dickens,  Drydrn,  Albert 
Durer,     Hooker,     l'.en    Jonson,     W,    Lilly 

(second  wife),  Milton,  Moliere,  More,  Sadj 
the  Persian  poet,  Scaliger,  Shakespeare, 
Shelley,  Socrat&a,  Wycherly,  etc,  The 
following  were  happy  in  their  choice  : — 
Thomas  Moore,  sir  W.  Scott,  Wordsworth, 
etc.  The  reader  can  add  to  the  list,  which 
will  serve  as  a  heading. 

Wizard  of  the  North,  sir  Waltei 

Scott  (1771-18;i2). 

Wobbler  (Mr.),  of  the  Circumlocu- 
tion Office.  'When  Mr.  Clennam,  by  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Barnacle,  in  another  de- 
partment of  the  ollice,  called  on  this  g^rtle- 


WOEFUL  COUNTENANCE. 


1114 


WOLSEY. 


man,  he  was  telling  a  brother  clerk  about 
a  rat-hunt,  and  kept  Clennam  waiting  a 
considerable  time.  When  at  length  Mr. 
Wobbler  chose  to  attend,  he  politely  said, 
"  Hallo,  there  !  What's  the  matter  ?  "  Mr. 
Clennam  briefly  stated  hi3  question ;  and 
Mr.  Wobbler  replied,  "Can't inform  you. 
Never  beard  of  it.  Nothing  at  all  to  do 
with  it.  Try  Mr.  Clive."  When  Clen- 
nam left, Mr.  Wobblercalled  out,  "Mister! 
Hallo,  there!  Shut  the  door  after  you. 
There's  a  devil  of  a  draught !  " — Charles 
Dickens,  Little  Dorrit,  x.  (1857). 

Woeful  Countenance  {Knight  of 
the).  Don  Quixote  was  so  called  by 
Sancho  Panza,  but  after  his  adventure 
with  the  lions  he  called  himself  "The 
Knight  of  the  Lions." — Cervantes,  Don 
Quixote,  1.  iii.  5  ;  II.  i.  17  (1005-15). 

"Wolf.  The  Nbubi,  according  to 
Herodotos,  had  the  power  of  assuming 
the  shape  of  wolves  once  a  year. 

One  of  the  family  of  Antvkus,  accord- 
ing to  Pliny,  was  chosen  annually,  by  lot, 
to  be  transformed  into  a  wolf,  in  which 
shape  he  continued  for  nine  years. 

Lyca'on,  king  of  Arcadia,  was  turned 
into  a  wolf  because  he  attempted  to  test 
the  divinity  of  Jupiter  by  serving  up  to 
him  a  "hash  of  human  flesh." — Ovid. 

Ykuit'kis,  king  of  Wales,  was  con- 
verted by  St.  Patrick  into  a  wolf. 

Wolf  (A),  emblem  of  the  tribe  of  Ben- 
jamin. 

Benjamin  shall  ravin  as  a  wolf:  in  the  morning  lie 
Bhall  devour  the  prey,  and  at  night  he  shall  divide  the 

spoil  — ««■«.  xiix.  27. 

Wolf.  The  last  wolf  in  Scotland  was 
killed  in  1G80,  by  Cameron  of  Lochiel 
[Loh.kcel']. 

The  last  wolf  in  Ireland  was  killed  in 
Cork,  1710. 

Wolf.  The  she-wolf  is  made  by  Dante 
to  symbolize  avarice.  When  the  poet 
began  the  ascent  of  fame,  he  was  first  met 
by  a  panther  (pleasure),  then  by  a  lion 
[ambition),  then  by  a  she-wolf,  which 
tried  to  stop  his  further  progress. 

A  she-wolf,  .  .  .  who  in  her  leanness  seemed 
Full  of  all  wants,  .  .  .  with  such  tar 
l>  erwbclmed  me  .  .  .  that  of  the  height  all  hope  1  lost. 
Dante,  Inferno,  1.  (131X1). 

Wolf  (To  cry),  to  give  a  false  alarm. 

Yeiw-WAN<;,  emperor  of  China,  was 
greatly  enamoured  of  a  courtezan  named 
Pao-tse,  whom   he  tried   by  sundry   cx- 

Eedients  to  make  laugh.  At  length  lie 
it  upon  the  following  plan: — He  caused 
the  tocsins  to  be  rung,  the  drums  to  l>e 
beut»jn,  and  the  signal-Area  to  be  lighted, 


as  if  some  invader  was  at  the  gates.  Pao- 
tse  was  delighted,  and  laughed  immo- 
derately to  see  the  vassals  and  feudatory 
princes  pouring  into  the  city,  and  all  the 
people  in  consternation.  The  emperor, 
pleased  with  the  success  of  his  trick, 
amused  his  favourite  over  and  over  again 
by  repeating  it.  At  length  an  enemy 
really  did  come,  but  when  the  alarm  was 
given,  no  one  heeded  it,  and  the  empercr 
was  slain  (b.c.  770). 

Wolf  duke  of  Gascony,  one  of 
Charlemagne's  paladins.  He  was  the 
originator  of  the  plan  of  tying  wetted 
ropes  round  the  temples  of  his  prisoners 
to  make  their  eye-balls  start  from  their 
sockets.  It  was  he  also  who  had  men 
sewn  up  in  freshly  stripped  bulls'  hides, 
and  exposed  to  the  sun  till  the  hides,  in 
shrinking,  crushed  their  bones. — L'Epine, 
Croquemitaine,  iii. 

Wolf  of  France  (She-),  Isabella 
la  Belle,  wife  of  Edward  II.  She  mur- 
dered her  royal  husband  "by  tearing  out 
his  bowels  with  her  own  hands." 

She-wolf  of  France,  with  unrelenting  fangs. 
That  tear  at  the  bowels  of  thy  mangled  mate. 

Gray,  The  Hard  (1757). 

Wolfs  Head.  An  outlaw  was  said 
to  carry  on  his  shoulders  a  "  wolf's  head," 
because  he  was  hunted  down  like  a  wolf, 
and  to  kill  him  was  deemed  as  meritorious 
as  killing  a  wolf. 

Item  foris  facit,  omnia  que  dads  sunt,  quia  a  tempore 
quo  utlagatus  est  Caput  gebit  Lri'iM  m,  ita  ut  inipuna 
ab  omnibus  internet  possjL — lira.  Ion.  ii.  35. 

Wolves.  The  Greeks  used  to  say 
that  "wolves  bring  forth  their  young 
only  twelve  days  in  the  year."  These  are 
the  twelve  days  occupied  in  conveying 
Leto  from  the  Hyperboreans  to  Delos. — 
Aristotle,  Hist.  Animal.,  vii.  35. 

Wol'fort,  usurper  of  the  earldom  of 
Flanders. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  The 
Beggars*  Bush  (1G22). 

Wolfsbane,  a  herb  so  called,  because 
meat  saturated  with  its  juice  was  at  one 
time  supposed  to  be  a  poison  for  wolves. 

Wolsey  (Cardinal),  introduced  by 
Shakespeare  in  his  historic  play  of  Henry 
VIII.  (1G01). 

West  Pigges  [1720-1786]  Is  the  nearest  resemblance  of 
"Cardinal  Wolsey"  I  have  ever  seen  represented.— 
Davie.".  Jiramatic  Miscellanies. 

Edmund  Kean  [1787-18331  in  "  Macbeth,"  "  Hamlet." 
"Wv.Imv."   "  C.TW'laljU.s,"  etc..  never  approached   witlili, 

an)   aiaamrable  distance  of   the  learned,   phllo 

and  majestic  Kemble  [1757-1823 J. —Life  of  C.  M.  youno. 

Wolsey.  "  Had  I  but  served  my  God," 
etc.    (See  Skrvkd  My  God.) 


WOMAN-BEATING. 


1115 


WOMEN,  ETC. 


Woman-Beating. 

Iha  mi  that  lays  tits  hand  upon  a  woman, 

Bave  in  the  way  -»f  kiiiili.e  s.  u  a  wretch 
Whom  'twere  cross  flattery  to  name  a  coward. 

J.  Tobin.  7"A«  Honeymoon,  ii.  1  (1804). 

Woman  changed  to  a  Man. 
Iphis,  daughter  of  Lygdus  and  Telethnsa 
of  Crete.  The  story  is  that  the  father 
pave  orders  if  the  child  about  to  be  born 
proved  to  be  a  girl,  it  was  to  be  put  to 
death  ;  and  that  the  mother,  unwilling  to 
lose  her  infant,  brought  it  up  as  a  boy. 
In  due  time,  the  father  betrothed  his  child 
tolanthe,  and  the  mother,  in  terror,  prayed 
for  help,  when  Isis,  on  the  day  of  mar- 
riage, changed  Iphis  to  a  man. — Ovid, 
Aletaph.,  ix.  12  j  xiv.  G99. 

C^kneus  [Se.nuce]  was  born  of  the 
female  sex,  but  Neptune  changed  her  into 
a  man.  iEncas,  however,  found  her  in  the 
•nfernal  regions  restored  to  her  original 
sex. 

Tire'sias  was  converted  into  a  woman 
for  killing  a  female  snake  in  copulation, 
and  was  restored  to  his  original  sex  by 
killing  a  male  snake  in  the  same  act. 

D'Eon  de  Beaumont  was  one  of  those 
epicene  creatures  that  no  one  knew  which 
Bex  he  belonged  to. 

Hekmaphkoditos  was  of  both  sexes. 

Woman  killed  ■with  Kindness 
(A),  a  tragedy  by  Thos.  lleywood  (1000). 
The  "woman"  was  Mrs.  Frankford,  who 
was  unfaithful  to  her  marriage  vow.  Her 
husband  sent  her  to  live  on  one  of  his 
estates,  and  made  her  a  liberal  allowance ; 
she  died,  but  on  her  death-bed  her  husband 
came  to  sec  her,  and  forgave  her. 

Woman  made  of  Flowers. 
Gwydion  son  of  Don  "  formed  a  woman 
out  of  flowers,"  according  to  the  bard 
Taliesin.  Arianrod  had  said  that  Llew 
Llaw  Gyffes  (i.e.  "  The  Lion  with  the 
Steady  Hand  ")  should  never  have  a  wife 
of  the  human  race.  So  Math  and  Gwy- 
dion, two  enchanters, 

Took  blossoms  of  oak,  and  blossoms  of  broom,  and 
blossoms  of  meadow-sweet,  anil  produced  therefrom  a 
maiden,  the  fairest  and  most  graceful  ever  seen,  and  bap- 
tized her  Blodeuwedd,  and  she  became  his  bride. — Tht 
Mabinogion  ("  Math,"  etc.,  twelfth  century). 

Woman  reconciled  to  her  Sex. 
Laay  Wortley  Montague  said,  "It  goes 
far  to  reconcile  me  to  being  a  woman, 
when  I  reflect  that  I  am  thus  in  no  danger 
of  ever  marrying  one." 

Woman  that  deliberates  (77(c). 

The  woman  that  deliberate!  i    lost 

Addison,  Cato,  iv.  1  (1713). 

Woman's  Wit  or  Love's  Dis- 
JfUises,  a  drama  by  S.  Knowles  (l.HoS). 


Hero  Sutton  loved  sir  Valentine  de  Grey. 
but  offended  him  by  waltzing  with  lora 
Athunree.  To  win  him  back,  she  osramed 
the  disguise  of  a  quakeress,  called  herself 

Rath,  and  pretended  to  be  Hero's  cousin. 
Sir  Valentine  fell  in  love  witli  Luth,  and 
then  found  out  that  Ruth  ami  Hero  were 
one  and  the  same  person.  The  contem- 
poraneous plot  is  that  of  Helen  and  Wal- 
Bingham,  lovers.  YValsingham  thought 
Helen  had  played  the  wanton  with  lord 
Athunree,  and  lie  abandoned  her.  Where- 
upon Helen  assumed  the  garb  of  a  yov-ng 
man  named  Eustace,  became  friends  with 
Walsingham,  said  she  was  Helen-  bn  ther  ; 
but  in  the  brother  he  discovered  Helen 
herself,  and  learnt  that  he  was  wholly 
mistaken  by  appearances. 

Women  (The  Nine  Worthy)  :  (1) 
Minerva,  (2)  Semiramis,  (3)  Tomvris, 
(A)  Jael,  (5)  DebOrah,  (0)  Judith,"  (7) 
Britomart,  (8)  Elizabeth  or  Isabella  of 
Aragon,  (9)  Johanna  of  Naples. 

By'r  lady  mal  I  !tOT7-man,  I  am  well  afraid  thou  hast 
done  with  thy  bdku.  I  had  rather  have  hard  something 
nyd  uf  gentle  an. 1  ineeke  women,  fur  it  is  euill  examples. 
to  let  Uiem  understand  of  such  stardye  in :uilye  \>  i 

those  have  been  which  erewhile  thou  bast  tolde  uf.  They 
ore  uuicke  enow,  1  warrant  ynu.  DOWeadajB,  to  take  bait- 
a-guice,  and  dare  make  warre  with  their  husbandes.  I 
would  not  vor  the  price  o'  my  roate,  tiiat  Jone  my  v.if« 
had  herd  this  ycare;  she  would  haue  carried  away  your 
tiles  of  the  nine  worthy  women  a  dele  zoner  than  our 
minister's  tales  anenl  Sarah,  Bab ikah,  Both,  and  th* 
mlnlitering  women,  1  warrant  you. — John  Feme.  inn- 
toijue  on  Heraldry  ("  Culiuuel's  reply  U)  Torquatm  "). 

***  "  Hart-a-grace,"  a  hart  permitted 
by  royal  proclamation  to  run  free  and 
unharmed  for  ever,  because  it  has  been 
hunted  by  a  king  or  queen. 

Women  of  Abandoned  Morals. 

Barbara  of  ('ill ey ,  second  wife  of  the 
emperor  Sigismund,  called  "The  Messa- 
lina  of  Germany." 

Berry  (Madame de),  wife  of  theduc  de 
Berry  (youngest  grandson  of  Louis 
XIV.). 

Catherine  II.  of  Russia,  called  "The 
Modem  Messalina"  (1729-1796). 

GlOVANNA  or  Jean  of  Naples.  Her 
first  love  was  James  count  of  March,  who 
was  beheaded.  Her  second  was  Came- 
cioli,  whom  she  put  to  death.  Her  next 
was  Alfonso  of  Aragon.  Her  fourth  was 
Louis  d'Anjou,  who  died.  Her  fifth  wa# 
Rene*,  the  brother  of  Louis. 

IsAKKi.LE  of  Bavaria,  wife  of  Charles 
VI.,  and  mistress  of  the  duke  of  Bur* 
gundy. 

[&ABBLLE  of  France,  wife  of  Edward 
II.,  and  mistress  of  Mortimer. 

Julia,  daughter  of  the  emperor  Augus* 
tus. 


WONDER. 


1116 


WOODCOURT. 


Marozia,  the  daughter  of  Theodora, 
»nd  mother  of  pope  John  XI.  The  in- 
famous daughter  of  an  infamous  mother 
(ninth  century). 

Messali'na,  wife  of  Claudius  the 
Roman  emperor. 

Wonder  (The),  a  comedy  by  Mrs. 
Centlivre ;  the  second  title  being  A 
Woman  Keeps  a  Secret  (1714).  The 
woman  referred  to  is  Violante,  and  the 
secret  she  keeps  is  that  donna  Isabella, 
the  sister  of  don  Felix,  has  taken  refuge 
under  her  roof.  The  danger  she  under- 
goes in  keeping  the  secret  is  this:  Her 
lover,  Felix,  who  knows  that  colonel 
Briton  calls  at  the  house,  is  jealous,  and 
fancies  that  he  calls  to  see  Violante. 
The  reason  why  donna  Isabella  has  sought 
refuge  with  Violante  is  to  escape  a  mar- 
riage with  a  Dutch  gentleman  whom  she 
dislikes.  After  a  great  deal  of  trouble 
and  distress,  the  secret  is  unravelled,  and 
the  comedy  ends  with  a  double  marriage, 
that  of  Violante  with  don  Felix,  and  that 
of  Isabella  with  colonel  Briton. 

Wonder  of  the  "World  (The). 

Gerhekt,  a  man  of  prodigious  learn- 
ing. When  he  was  made  pope,  he  took 
the  name  of  Sylvester  II.  (930,  999-1003). 

Otto  III.  of  Germany,  a  pupil  of  Ger- 
bert.  What  he  did  deserving  to  be  called 
MirabUia  Mundi  nobody  knows  (980, 
983-1002). 

Fredkuick  II.  of  Germany  (1194, 
1215-1250). 

Wonders  of  Wales  (The  Seven): 
(1)  The  mountains  of  Snowdon,  (2) 
Overton  churchyard,  (3)  the  bells  of 
Gresford  Church,  (4)  Llangollen  bridge, 
(.r>)  Wrexham  steeple  (?  tower),  (6)  l'ystyl 
Rhaiadr  waterfall,  (7)  St.  Winifrid's 
well. 

Wonders  of  the  World  (The 
Seven). 

The  ii/rnmLtj  first,  which  in  Egypt  were  laid; 
Next  BabyUm'i  garden,  for  AmJ-tLj  made; 
Then  MavMdloa'M  tfnnb  of  affection  ami  iruilt ; 
Fourth,  the  temple qf  Inan,  in  Bprwcos built; 
The  oolouo*  "/  Rhode*,  cast  in  bniss.  to  the  sun  ; 
Siith.  Jui'ltrr't  tiutue,  by  Phldiai  done  ; 
The  pharot  of  Sgypt  comes  lust,  we  ire  told, 
Or  the  i*ii<*ce  of  Cyrus,  cemented  with  gold 

EC.  B 

Wonderful  Doctor,  Roger  Bacon 
(1214-1292). 

Wood  (Babes  in  the),  a  baby  boy  and 
girl  lift  by  :i  gentleman  of  Norfolk  on 
his  death-bed  to  the  care  of  his  brother. 
The  boy  was  to  have  £300  a  year  on 
•oming  of  age,  and  little  Jane  £500  as  a 


wjdding  portion.  The  uncle  promised  to 
take  care  of  the  children,  but  scarcely 
had  a  year  gone  by  when  he  hired  two 
ruffians  to  make  away  with  them.  The 
hirelings  took  the  children  on  horseback 
to  Wayland  Wood,  where  they  were  left 
to  die  of  cold  and  hunger.  The  children 
would  have  been  killed,  but  one  of  the 
fellows  relented,  expostulated  with  his 
companion,  and  finally  slew  him.  The 
survivor  compromised  with  his  conscience 
by  leaving  the  babes  alive  in  the  wood. 
Everything  went  ill  with  the  uncle  from 
that  hour:  his  children  died,  his  cattle 
died,  his  barns  were  set  on  fire,  and  he 
himself  died  in  jail. 

%*  The  prettiest  version  of  this  story 
is  one  set  to  a  Welsh  tune  ;  but  Percy  has 
a  version  in  his  Beligues  of  Ancient  English 
Poetry. 

Wood  (The  Maria),  a  civic  pleasure- 
barge,  once  the  property  of  the  lord 
mayors.  It  was  built  in  1816  by  sir 
Matthew  Wood,  and  was  called  after  his 
eldest  daughter.  In  1859  it  was  sold  to 
alderman  Humphrey  for  £410. 

Wood  Street  (London)  is  so  called 
from  Thomas  Wood,  sheriff,  in  1491,  who 
dwelt  there. 

Wood'eock  (Adam),  falconer  of  the 
lady  Mary  at  Avenel  Castle.  In  the 
revels  he  takes  the  character  of  the  "abbot 
of  Unreason."— Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Abbot 
(time,  Elizabeth). 

Woodcock  (Justice),  a  gouty,  rheu- 
matic, crusty,  old  country  gentleman, 
who  invariably  differed  with  his  sister 
Deb'orah  in  everything.  He  was  a  bit 
of  a  Lothario  in  his  voung  days,  and  still 
retained  a  somewhat  licorona  tooth. 
Justice  Woodcock  had  one  child,  named 
Lucinda,  a  merry  girl,  full  of  frolic  and 
fun. 

Deborah  Woodcock,  sister  of  the  justice ; 
a  starch,  prudish  old  maid,  who  kept 
the  house  of  her  brother,  and  disagreed 
witli  him  in  evervthing. — Isaac  Bicker- 
staff,  Love  in  a  Village  (1762). 

Woodcocks  live  on  Suction. 
These  birds  feed  chiefly  by  night,  and, 
like  ducks,  seem  to  live  on  suction,  but 
in  reality  they  feed  on  the  worms,  snails, 
slugs,  and  the  little  animals  which  swarm 
in  muddy  water. 

One  cannot  live,  like  woodcocks,  upon  miction. 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  ii.  67  (1814). 

Woodcourt  (Allan),  a  medical  man, 
who   married    Esther    Summerstn.     Hi* 


WOODEN  GOSPELS. 


1117 


WOODMAN. 


mother  was  b  Welsh  woman,  apt  to  piOM 
on  the  subject  of  Morgan-ap-Kerrig. — C. 
Dickens,  Bleak  House  (1852). 

Wooden  Gospels  (The),  card- 
tables. 

After  supper  were  brought  Id  the  wooden  co-pels,  and 
the  books  of  the  four  kints  [cards].— Kabelais,  Oar- 
tantua,  i.  -2  (15X1). 

Wooden  Horse  (The).  Virgil  tells 
us  that  Ulysses  had  a  monster  wooden 
borse  made  by  Epeos  after  the  death  of 
Hector,  and  gave  out  that  it  was  an  offer- 
ing to  the  gods  to  secure  a  prosperous 
vovage  back  to  Greece.  By  the  advice 
of  Sinon,  the  Trojans  dragged  the  horse 
into  Troy  for  a  palladium  ;  but  at  night 
the  Grecian  soldiers  concealed  therein 
were  released  by  Sinon  from  their  con- 
cealment, slew  the  Trojan  guards,  opened 
the  city  gates,  and  set  lire  to  Troy.  Arc- 
tinos  of  Miletus,  in  his  poem  called  The 
Destruction  of  Troy,  furnished  Virgil  with 
the  tale  of  "the  Wooden  Horse"  and 
"the  burning  of  Troy"  (rl.  B.C.  776). 

A  remarkable  parallel  occurred  in  Sara- 
cenic history.  Arrestan,  in  Syria,  was 
taken  in  the  seventh  century  by  Abu 
Obeidah  by  a  similar  stratagem.  He 
obtained  leave  of  the  governor  to  deposit 
in  the  citadel  some  old  lumber  which 
impeded  his  march.  Twenty  large  boxes 
tilled  with  men  were  carried  into  the 
castle.  Abu  marched  off  ;  and  while  the 
Christians  were  returning  thanks  for 
the  departure  of  the  enemy,  the  soldiers 
removed  the  sliding  bottoms  of  the  boxes 
and  made  their  way  out,  overjvowered 
the  sentries,  surprised  the  great  church, 
opened  the  city  gates,  and  Abu,  entering 
with  his  army,  took  the  city  without 
further  opposition. — Ocklcy,  History  of 
tlie  Saracens,  i.  185  (1718). 

The  capture  of  Sark  affords  another 
parallel.  Sark  was  in  the  hands  of  the 
French.  A  Netherlander,  witli  one  ship, 
asked  permission  to  bury  one  of  his  crew 
in  the  chapel.  The  French  consented, 
provided  the  crew  came  on  shore  wholly 
unarmed.  This  was  agreed  to,  but  the 
coffin  was  full  of  arms,  and  the  crew  soon 
equipped  themselves,  overpowered  the 
French,  and  took  the  island. — Percy, 
Anecdotes,  249. 

Swoln  with  bate  ami  Ire,  their  bogs  unwieldly  fore* 
I'taue  clustering  like  Uir  Greeks  (Mil  of  th«  wooden  horse. 
Drayton,  Jtolyoloten,  iil.  iltiU). 

Wooden  Horse  (The),  ClavilSno,  the 
wooden  horse  on  which  don  Quixote  sr.d 
Sancho  Pan/.a  got  astride  to  disenchant 
Antonomas'ia  and  her  husband,  who  wen? 
•hut  up  in  the  tomb  of  queen  Maguncia 


of  Candaya. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 
II.  ill.  1,  5  (1616). 

Another  w len  horsevraa  the  one  given 

by  an  Indian  to  the  .-hah  of  Perou  as  a 

New  Year's  gift.  It  had  two  pegs  ;  by 
turning  one,  it  rose  into  the  air,  and  by 
turning  the  other,  it  descended  wherever 
the  rider  wished.  Prince  l'irouz  mounted 
the  horse,  and  it  carried  him  instan- 
taneously to  Bengal. — Arabian  Xiyhts 
("The  Enchanted  Horse"). 

Reynard  says  that  king  ('rampart  mads 
for  the  daughter  of  king  BlarcadigSa  « 
wooden  horse  which  wculd  go  a  hundred 
miles  an  hour.  Ilis  son  I  ilamad§S  mounted 
it,  and  it  flew  out  of  the  window  of  the 
king's  hall,  to  the  terror  of  the  young 
prince. — Alkman,  Reynard  t/te  Fox  (1VJ*). 
(See  Cambuscax,  p.  154.) 

Wooden  Spoon.  The  last  of  the 
honour  men  in  the  mathematical  tripos  at 
the  examination  foi  degrees  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge. — See  Dictionary  of 
Phrase  and  Fable. 

Sure  my  invention  must  be  down  at  rero. 
And  1  grown  one  of  ninny  "  wooden  spoons" 
Of  verse  (the  name  witli  which  we  Guitabs  pleaso 
To  dub  Uie  last  of  honoun  in  degrees). 

Byron,  Don  Juan,  id.  110  (1890). 

Wooden  Sword  (Be  voean  a).  Said 
of  a  person  who  rejects  an  offer  at  the 
early  part  of  the  day,  and  sells  the  article 
at  a  lower  price  later  on.  A  euphemism 
for  a  fool ;  the  fools  or  jesters  were  fur- 
nished with  wooden  swords. 

Wooden  Walls,  ships  made  of 
wood.  When  Xerxes  invaded  Greece, 
the  Greeks  sent  to  ask  the  Delphic  oracle 
for  advice,  and  received  the  following 
answer  (B.C.  480)  : — 

PaHai  hath  urged,  and  Ze'is.  the  sire  of  all. 
Hath.  .s.im>  promised  in  *  wooden  wall; 
Saod-thne  and  barreat,  slreaahall,  veaping,  ten 

How  thousands  fuuvbt  al  Sfihums  und  (ell. 

e.c.  a 

Wooden  Wedding,  the  fifth  an- 
niversary of  a  wedding.  It  used,  in 
Germany,  to  be  etiquette  to  present  gifts 

made  of  woo, I  to  the  lady  on  this  occa- 
sion. The  custom  is  not  wholly  aban- 
doned even  now. 

Woodman  (The),  an  opera  by  sir 
11.  Hate  Dudley  (1771).  Emily  was  the 
companion  of  Miss  Wilford,  and  made 
with  Miss  Wilford's  brother  "a  mutual 
vow  of  inviolable  affection;"  but  Wil- 
ford's uncle  and  guardian,  greatly  disap- 
proving of  such  an  alliance,  sent  the 
young  man  to  the  Continent,  and  dis- 
missed the  young  lady  from  his  seivice. 
Emily  went  to  live  with  Goodman   Fair- 


WGODSTAL. 


1118 


WORLD. 


lop,  the  woodman,  and  there  Wilford 
discovered  her  in  an  archery  match.  The 
engagement  was  renewed,  and  terminated 
in  marriage.  The  woodman's  daughter 
Dolly  married  Matthew  Medley,  the  fac- 
totum of  sir  Walter  Waring. 

"Woodstal  (Henry),  in  the  guard  of 
Richard  Cceur  de  Lion.— Sir  W.  Scott, 
The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

"Woodstock,  a  novel  hy  sir  W.  Scott 
(1826).  It  was  hastily  put  together,  but 
is  not  unworthy  of  the  name  it  bears. 

"Woodville  [Hurry),  the  treacherous 
friend  of  Penruddock,  who  ousted  him 
of  the  wife  to  whom  he  was  betrothed. 
He  was  wealthy,  but  reduced  himself  to 
destitution  by  gambling. 

Mrs.  Woodville  (whose  Christian  name 
was  Arabella),  wife  of  Harry  Woodville, 
but  previously  betrothed  to  Roderick  Pen- 
ruddock. When  reduced  to  destitution, 
Penruddock  restored  to  her  the  settlement 
which  her  husband  had  lost  in  play. 

Gijdain  Henry  W(xxiville,  son  of  the 
al>ove  ;  a  noble  soldier,  brave  and  high- 
minded,  in  love  with  Emily  Tempest, 
but,  in  the  ruined  condition  of  the  family, 
unable  to  marry  her.  Penruddock  makes 
over  to  him  all  the  deeds,  bonds,  and 
obligations  which  his  father  had  lost  in 
gambling. — Cumberland,  The  Wheel  of 
Fortune  (177'.)). 

Woodville  (Lord),  a  friend  of  general 
Brown.  It  was  lord  Woodville's  house 
that  was  haunted  by  the  "lady  in  the 
Sacque." — Sir  W.  Scott,  The  Tapestered 
Chamber  (time,  George  III.). 

"Woollen.  It  was  Mrs.  Oldfield,  the 
actress,  who  revolted  at  the  idea  of  being 
shrouded  in  woollen.  She  insisted  on 
being  arrayed  in  chintz  trimmed  with 
Brussels  lace,  and  on  being  well  rouged 
to  hide  the  pallor  of  death.  Pope  calls 
her  '"  Narcissa." 

"  Odious !    In  woollen  t    'Twould  a  saint  provoke  I " 
Were  tho  last  words  tluit  poor  Nardra  s|«'ke. 
•'  No,  Jot  a  charming  chintz  ami  Brussels  Lice 
Wrap  my  cold  limits  and  shade  my  lifeless  face; 
One  would  nut,  sure,  be  frightful  when  one's  dead  1 
Ajid,  lietty,  give  this  cheek  a  little  red." 

Pope,  Moral  Ettayt,  L  (1731). 

Wopsle  [Mr.\  parish  clerk.  He  had 
a  Roman  nose,  a  large,  shining,  bald  fore- 
head, and  a  deep  voice,  of  which  he  was 
very  proud.  "If  the  Church  had  been 
thrown  open,"  i.e.  free  to  competition,  Mr. 
Wopsle  would  have  chosen  the  pulpit. 
As  it  was,  he  only  punished  the  "  Amens  " 
and  gave  out  the  psalms  ;  but  his  face 
ii  vays   indicated   the  inward   thought  of 


"  Look  at  this  and  look  at  that,"  meaning 
the  gent  in  the  reading-desk.  He  turned 
actor  in  a  small  metropolitan  theatre. — C. 
Dickens,  Great  Expectations  (1860). 

"Work  (Endless),  Penelope's  web  (p. 
747) ;  Vortigern's  Tower  (p.  1075) ;  wash- 
ing the  blackamoor  white  ;  etc. 

"World  ( TV  End  of  the).  This  ought 
to  have  occurred,  according  to  cardinal 
Nicolas  de  Cusa,  in  1704.  He  demon- 
strates it  thus  :  The  Deluge  happened  in 
the  thirty-fourth  jubilee  of  fifty  years 
from  the  Creation  (a.m.  1700),  and  there- 
fore  the  end  of  the  world  should  pro- 
perly occur  on  the  thirty-fourth  jubilee 
of  the  Christian  era,  or  a.d.  1704.  The 
four  grace  years  are  added  to  compensate 
for  the  blunder  of  chronologists  respect- 
ing the  first  year  of  grace. 

The  most  popular  dates  of  modern 
times  for  the  end  of  the  world,  or  what  is 
practically  the  same  thing,  the  Millen- 
nium, are  the  following  : — 1757,  Sweden- 
borg ;  1830,  Johann  Albrecht  Bengel, 
Erkliirte  Offenbarunfl ;  1843,  William 
Miller,  of  America;  1866,  Dr.  John 
Cumming  ;  1881,  Mother  Shipton. 

It  was  very  generally  believed  in 
France,  Germany,  etc.,  that  the  end  of 
the  world  would  happen  in  the  thou- 
sandth year  after  Christ ;  and  therefore 
much  of  the  land  was  left  uncultivated, 
and  a  general  famine  ensued.  Luckily, 
it  was  not  agreed  whether  the  thousand 
years  should  date  from  the  birth  or  the 
death  of  Christ,  or  the  desolation  would 
have  been  much  greater.  Many  charters 
begin  with  these  words,  As  the  world  is 
now  drawing]  to  its  close.  Kings  and 
nobles  gave  up  their  state:  Robert  of 
France,  son  of  Hugh  Capet,  entered  the 
monastery  of  St.  Denis  ;  and  at  Limoges, 
princes,  nobles,  and  knights  proclaimed 
"  God's  Truce,"  and  solemnly  bound 
themselves  to  abstain  from  feuds,  to 
keep  the  peace  towards  each  other,  and 
to  help  the  oppressed.  —  Hillam,  The 
Middle  Ages  (1818). 

Another  hypothesis  is  this :  As  one 
day  with  God  equals  a  thousand  years 
(Psalm  xc.  4),  and  God  laboured  in  crea- 
tion six  days,  therefore  the  world  is  to 
labour  6000  years,  and  then  to  test. 
According  to  this  theory,  the  end  of  the 
world  ought  to  occur  A.M.  6000,  or  A.i». 
1996  (supposing  the  world  to  have  been 
created  4o04  years  before  the  birth  of 
Christ).  This  hypothesis,  which  is  wideh 
accepted,  is  quite  safe  for  another  centurv 
at  loast. 


WORLD  WITHOUT  A  SUN.         1110 


WORTHY. 


World  without  a  Sun. 

Ami  say.  without  our  bopos,  without  our  tears, 
Without  the  boma  th:it  plighted  love  endears. 
Without  the  smile  from  partial  beauty  won. 
Oh  1  what  were  man  t— n  world  without  a  sun. 

Campbell,  PUatUrt*  of  hope,  il.  (1799). 

"Worldly  Wiseman  (Mr.),  one 
who  tries  to  persuade  Christian  that  it  is 
very  bad  policy  to  continue  his  journey 
towards  the  Celestial  City.— Bunyan, 
Pilgrim'' a  Progress,  i.  (1G78). 

Worm  (Man  is  a). 

The  leam'd  themselves  wo  Book-worms  name , 

The  blockhead  is  a  Slow-worm  ; 
Thy  nymph  whose  tall  II  all  on  flame 

Is  aptly  termed  a  Glow-worm  ; 
The  flatterer  in  Earwig  grows; 

Thus  worms  suit  all  conditions;— 
Misers  are  Muck- worms ;  Silkworms  beaus : 

And  Death-watches  physicians. 

Pope,  To  Mr.  John  Moore  (173:1). 

Worms  (Language  of).  Mclampos 
the  prophet  was  acquainted  with  the  lan- 
guage of  worms,  and  when  thrown  into  a 
dungeon,  heard  the  worms  communicat- 
ing to  each  other  that  the  roof  overhead 
would  fall  in,  for  the  beams  were  eaten 
through.  He  imparted  this  intelligence 
to  his  jailers,  and  was  removed  to  another 
dungeon.  At  night  the  roof  did  fall,  and 
the  king,  amazed  at  this  foreknowledge, 
released  Melampos,  and  gave  hiui  the 
»xen  of  [phiklos. 

Worse  than  a  Crime.  Talley- 
rand said  of  the  murder  of  the  due 
d'Fnghien  by  Napoleon  I.,  "It  was 
worse  than  a  crime,  it  was  a  blunder." 

Worthies  (The  Nine).  Three  Gen- 
tiles: Hector,  Alexander,  Julius  Caesar; 
three  Jews:  Joshua,  David,  Judas  Mac- 
cabaaus  ;  three  Christians  :  Arthur,  Char- 
lemagne, Godfrey  of  Bouillon. 

Worthies  of  London  (Tlte  Mine). 

1.  Sib  William  Walworth,  fish- 
monger, who  stabbed  Wat  Tyler  the 
rebel.  For  this  service  king  Richard  II. 
gave  him  the  "  cap  of  maintenance  "  and 
a  "  dagger  "  for  the  arms  of  London  (lord 
mayor  1374,  1380). 

2.  Sill  HliNRY  PlUTCHARDOr  PlCARD, 

vintner,  who  feasted  Edward  III.,  the 
Black  Prince,  John  king  of  Austria,  the 
king  of  Cyprus,  and  David  of  Scotland, 
with  oooo'guests,  in  1356,  the  year  of  his 
ma}  oralty. 

3.  Sir  William  Skyknokk,  grocer. 
"A  foundling,  found  under  seven  oaks." 
He  fought  with  the  dauphin,  and  built 
twenty  almshouses,  etc.  (lord  mayor 
1418). 

4.  Sir  Thomas  Wiiitk,  merchant 
tailor,  who,  during  his  mayoralty  in  1653, 


kept  London  faithful  to  queen  Marj 
daring  Wyatt's  rebellion.  Sir  Thomas 
White  was  the  sou  of  a  poor  clothier,  and 
began  trade  as  a  tailor  with  £100.     He 

was  the  founder  t/f  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford,  on  the  6pjt  where  two  elms  grew 
from  one  root. 

5.  Sir  John  Bon  ham,  mercer,  com- 
mander of  the  army  which  overcame 
Solyman  the  Great,  who  knighted  him  on 
the  field  after  the  victory,  and  gave  him 
chains  of  gold,  etc. 

6.  Sir  Chkistophbb  Chokjeb,  vint- 
ner, the  first  to  enter  Bordeaux  when  it 
was  besieged.  Companion  of  the  Black 
Prince.     He  married  I  lull  Stodie. 

7.  Sir  John  Hawxwood,  tailor, 
knighted  by  the  Black  Prince.  He  is 
immortalized  in  Italian  history  as  Gib- 
vanni  Acuti  Cavalicro.    He  died  in  Padua. 

8.  Sir  Hugh  Cavkri.ky,  Bilk-weaver, 
famous  for  ridding  Poland  of  a  monstrous 
bear.     He  died  in  France. 

9.  Sir  Henry  Mai.kvkrek,  grocer, 
generally  called  "Henry  of  CornhiU,"  a 
crusader  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV.,  and 
guardian  of  "Jacob's  Well." — R.  John- 
son, T/m  Sine  Worthies  of  London  (1592). 

Worthington  (Lieutenant),  "the 
poor  gentleman  ; "  a  disabled  officer  and 
a  widower,  very  poor,  "  bot  more  proud 
than  poor,  and  more  honest  than  proud." 
He  was  for  thirty  years  in  the  king's 
army,  but  was  discharged  on  half-pay, 
bring  disabled  at  Gibraltar  by  a  shell 
which  crushed  his  arm.  His  wife  was 
shot  in  his  arms  when  his  daughter  was 
but  three  years  old.  The  lieutenant  put 
his  name  to  a  bill  for  £500;  but  his  friend 
dying  before  he  had  effected  his  insur- 
ance, Worthington  became  responsible 
for  the  entire  sum,  and  if  sir  Robert 
Bramble  had  not  most  generously  paid 
the  bill,  the  poor  lieutenant  would  have 
been  thrown  into  jail. 

Emily  Worthington,  the  lieutenant's 
daughter;  a  lovely,  artless,  affectionate 
girl,  with  sympathy  for  every  one,  and  a 
most  amiable  disposition.  Sir  Charles 
Cropland  tried  to  buy  her,  but  she  re- 
jected his  proposals  with  scorn,  and  fell 
in  love  with  Frederick  Bramble,  to  whom 
she  was  given  in  marriage. — G.  Colinan, 

The  Poor  Gentleman  (1802). 

Worthy,  in  love  with  Melinda,  who 
coquets  with  him  for  twelve  months,  and 
then  marries  him. — G.  Farquhar,  The 
Recruiting  Officer  (1705). 

Worthy  (Lord),  the  suitor  of  lady 
Reveller,  who  was  fond  of  play.    She  be- 


WOUVERMANS. 


1120 


WRONGHEAD. 


came  weary  of  gambling,  and  was  united 
in  marriage  to  lord  Worthy. — Mrs. 
Centlivre,  The  Basset  Table  (1706). 

Wouvermans  (The English),  Abra- 
ham Cooper.  One  of  his  best  pieces  is 
"The  Battle  of  Bosworth  Field." 

Richard  Cooper  is  called  "The  British 
Poussin." 

"Wrangle  (Mr.  Caleb),  a  hen-pecked 
young  husband,  of  oily  tongue  and 
plausible  manners,  but  smarting  under 
the  nagging  tongue  and  wilful  ways  of 
his  fashionable  wife. 

Mrs.  Wran,gle,  his  wife,  the  daughter 
«>f  sir  Miles  Mowbray.  She  was  for  ever 
snubbing  her  young  husband,  wrangling 
with  him,  morning,  noon,  and  night,  and 
telling  him  most  provokingly  "  to  keep 
his  temper."  This  couple  lead  a  cat-and- 
dog  life :  he  was  sullen,  she  quick- 
tempered ;  he  jealous,  she  open  and 
incautious. — Cumberland,  First  Love 
(1796). 

"Wrath's  Hole  (The),  Cornwall. 
Bolster,  a  gigantic  wrath,  wanted  St. 
Agnes  to  be  his  mistress.  She  told  him 
she  would  comply  when  he  filled  a  small 
hole,  which  she  pointed  out  to  him,  with 
his  blood.  The  wrath  agreed,  not  know- 
ing that  the  hole  opened  into  the  sea ;  and 
thus  the  saint  cunningly  bled  the  wrath 
to  death,  and  then  pushed  him  over  the 
cliff.  The  hole  is  called  "  The  Wrath's 
Hole"  to  this  day,  and  the  stones  about  it 
»re  coloured  with  blood-red  streaks  all 
iver. — Polwhele,  History  of  Cornaall,  i. 
176  (1813). 

"Wray  (Enoch),  "  the  village  patri- 
arch," blind,  poor,  and  100  years  old  ; 
but  reverenced  for  his  meekness,  resig- 
nation, wisdom,  pietv,  and  experience. — 
Crabbe,  The  Village  'Patriarch  (1783). 

"Wrayburn  (Ewjene),  barrister-at- 
law  ;  an  indolent,  idle,  moody,  whim- 
Bical  young  man,  who  loves  Lizzie 
Ilexam.  After  be  is  nearly  killed  by 
Bradley  Headstone,  he  reforms,  and 
marries  Lizzie,  who  saved  his  life. — C. 
Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Wren  (Jenny),  whose  real  name  was 
Fanny  Cleaver,  a  dolls'  dressmaker,  and 
the  friend  of  Lizzie  Hexam,  who  at  one 
time  lodged  with  her.  Jenny  was  a  little, 
deformed  girl,  with  a  sharp,  shrewd  face, 
and  beautiful  golden  hair.  She  sup- 
ported herself  and  her  drunken  father, 
whom  she  reproved  as  a  mother  might 
reprove  a  child.  "Oh,"  she  cried  to 
him,  pointing  her  little  finger,  "you  bad 


old  boy  !  Oh,  yon  naughty,  wicked  crea- 
ture !  What  do  you  mean  by  it  ?  " — C. 
Dickens,  Our  Mutual  Friend  (1864). 

Write  about  it. 

To  thee  explain  a  thing  till  all  men  doubt  It, 
And  write  about  it,  goddess,  and  about  it. 
Pope,  The  Ihmciad.  i.  (came  in  after  yer.  177  in  the  first 
edition,  but  was  omitted  in  subsequent  ones). 

"Writing  on  the  Wall  (The),  a 
secret  but  mysterious  warning  of  coming 
danger.  The  reference  is  to  Belshazzar'a 
feast  (Dan.  v.  5,  25-28). 

"Wrong  (All  in  the),  a  comedy  by  A. 
Murphy  (1761).  The  principal  characters 
are  sir  John  and  lady  Restless,  sir  William 
Bellmont  and  his  son  George,  Beverley 
and  his  sister  Clarissa,  Blandford  and  his 
daughter  Belinda.  Sir  John  and  lady  Rest- 
less were  wrong  in  suspecting  each  other 
of  infidelity,  but  this  misunderstanding 
made  their  lives  wretched.  Beverley  was 
deeply  in  love  with  Belinda,  and  was 
wrong  in  his  jealousy  of  her,  but  Belinda 
was  also  wrong  in  not  vindicating  herself. 
She  knew  that  she  was  innocent,  and  felt 
that  Beverley  ought  to  trust  her,  but  she 
gave  herself  and  him  needless  torment 
by  permitting  a  misconception  to  remain 
which  she  might  have  most  easily  re- 
moved. The  old  men  were  also  wrong: 
Blandford  in  promising  his  daughter  in 
marriage  to  sir  William  Bellmont's  son, 
seeing  she  loved  Beverley  ;andsir\\'illiam, 
in  accepting  the  promise,  seeing  his  son 
was  plighted  to  Clarissa.  A  still  further 
complication  of  wrong  occurs.  Sir  John 
wrongs  Beverley  in  believing  him  to  be 
intriguing  with  his  wife  ;  and  lady  Rest- 
less wrongs  Belinda  in  supposing  that 
she  coquets  with  her  husband  ;  both  wero 
pure  mistakes,  all  were  in  the  wrong,  but 
all  in  the  end  were  set  right. 

Wronghead  (Sir  Francis),  of  Bum- 
per Hall,  and  M.P.  for  Guzzledown  ;  a 
country  squire,  who  comes  to  town  for 
the  season  with  his  wife,  son,  and  eldest 
daughter.  Sir  Francis  attends  the  House, 
but  gives  his  vote  on  the  wrong  side  ; 
and  he  spends  his  money  on  the  hope  of 
obtaining  a  place  under  Government.  His 
wife  spends  about  £100  a  day  on  object! 
of  no  use.  His  son  is  on  the  point  of 
marrying  the  "cast  mistress"  of  a 
swindler,  and  his  daughter  of  marrying 
a  forger ;  but  Manly  interferes  to  pre- 
vent these  fatal  steps,  and  sir  Francis 
returns  home  to  prevent  utter  rain. 

Lady  Wronghead,  wife  of  sir  Francis ; 
a  country  dame,  who  comes  to  London, 
where  she  squanders  money  on  worthless 
objects,  and  expects  to  get  into  "society." 


WURZBURG. 


1121 


.XAVll.i:  DE  BEL8UNCE. 


Happily,  she  \*  persuaded  by  Manly  to 
return  bome  before  the  affaire  of  her  hus- 
band are  wholly  desperate. 

Squire  Richard  [  Wronghead],  eldest 
ion  of  sir  Francis,  a  country  bumpkin. 

Miss     Jenny      [Wronghead],      eldest 

daughter  Of  sir  Francis  ;  a  silly  girl,  who 
thinks  it  would  be  a  fine  thing  to  be 
called  a  "countess,"  and  therefore  be- 
comes the  dupe  of  one  Basset,  a  swindler, 
■who  calls  himself  a  "count." — Vanbrugh 
and  Cibber,  The  Provoked  Husband (1726). 

1  Wiirzburg  on  the  Stein,  Hochheim 
on  the  Main,  and  Bacharacb  on  the  Rhine 
grow  the  three  best  wines  of  Germany. 
The  first  is  called  Steinwine,  the  second 
hock,  and  the  third  muscadine. 

"Wyat.  Henry  Wyat  was  imprisoned 
by  Richard  III.,  and  when  almost 
starved,  a  cat  appeared  at  the  window- 
grating,  and  dropped  a  dove  into  his 
hand.  This  occurred  day  after  day,  and 
Wyat  induced  the  warder  to  cook  for 
him  the  doves  tints  wonderfully  obtained. 

Elijah  the  Tishbite,  while  he  lay  hidden 
at  the  brook  Cherith,  was  fed  by  ravens, 
who  brought  "bread  and  flesh"  every 
morning  and  evening. — 1  Kings  xvii.  (i. 

"Wylie  [Andrew))  ex-clerk  of  bailie 
Nicol  .larvie. — Sir  W.  Scott,  Bob  Boy 
(time,  George  I.). 

Wynebgwrthucher,  the  shield 
of  king  Arthur. —  Tlie  Mabinogion 
("  Kilhwch  and  Olwen,"  twelfth  cen- 
tury). 

"Wynkyn  de  Worde,  the  second 
printer  in  London  (from  1491-1534). 
The  first  was  Caxton  (from  1476-1491). 
Wynkyn  de  Worde  assisted  Caxton  in 
the  new  art  of  printing. 

"Wyo'ming,  in  Pennsylvania,  pur- 
chased by  an  American  company    from 

the  Delaware  Indians.  It  was  settled  by 
an  American  colony,  but  being  subject 
to  constant  attacks  from  the  savages,  the 
Colony  armed  in  self-defence.  In  1778 
most  of  the  able-bodied    nun   wire  called 

to  join  the  army  of  Washington,  and  in 

the    summer    of   that    year    an    army    of 

British  and  Indian  allies,  led  by  colonel 
Butler,  attacked  the  settlement,  mas- 
sacred the  inhabitants,  and  burnt  their 
houses  to  the  ground. 

%*  Campbell  has  made  this  the  subject 
of  a  poem  entitled  Gertrude <  I    R 
but  be  miscalls  the  place  \s  j  oming,  and 
makes    Brandt,    instead  ox    Butler,  the 
leader  of  the  attack. 


"ling, 

.  .  .  ouoa  tbi  of  ait 

tin-  Atlantic  arava  their  mora  - 
Oantpbafl,  GUUUdHf  It  yuminj.  L  US*W). 

Wyvill  (  William  de),  a  steward  o! 
the  field  at  the  tournament.— Sir  \Y . 
Scott,  Ivanhoe  (time,  Richard  I.). 


X. 

Xan'adu,  a  city  mentioned  by  Cole- 
ridge in  his  Kubla  Khan,  The  id.  a  ..f 
this  poem  is  borrowed  from  the  Pilgrimage 
by  Purchae  (1618),  where  Xanadu  is 
called  "  Xainilu."  It  is  said  to  have 
occurred  to  Coleridge  in  a  dream,  but  the 

dream  was  that  of  memory  only. 

Xanthos,  the  horse  of  Achilles.  He 
sp..kc  with  a  human  voice,  like  Balaam's 
ass,  Adrastos's  horse  (Arlon),   Fortunio's 

horse  (Comrade  i,  Mahomet's  "h..rse"  (Al 

Borak),  Saleh's  camel,  the  dog  of  the 
seven  sleepers  |  Katmir),  the  black  pigeons 

Of     Dodona    and     Amnion,    the    king     of 

Berpents    (Temliha),    the  Berpent  which 

was  cursed  for  tempting  F.ve,  the  talk- 
ing bird  called  bulbul-hezar,  the  little 
gnen  bird  of  princess  Fairstar,  the  >Yhite 
Cat,  cum  quibusdam  <iliis. 

Tlit-  in. .iiriifiil  Xniillm-  (^ny-  tlio  bnr.l  ..f  ..1.1) 
01  Petals'  warlike  nn  the  Itartuoa  told. 
Pater  Pindar  [Dr.  WolootJ,  7%»  Unutmd,*.  usoo). 

Xantippe  (8  sy/.),  wife  of  Socratea  | 
proverbial  Eora  Bcolding,  nagging,  :  I 

wife.      One  day,  after    storming   at   the 

philosopher,  she  emptied  a  v.-ssel  of  dirt\ 
water  on  his  load,  whereupon  Socrates 
simply  remarked,  "Aye,  aye,  we  always 
look  for  rain  after  thunder. 

Xantiffpe  (8  syl.).  daughter  of  Cimo'nos. 
She  presi  r\  ed  the  life  of  her  i  Id  Father  in 
prison  by  suckling  him.  The  guard  mar- 
relied  that  the  old  man  held  out  so  long, 
and,  watching  for  the  solution,  discovered 
the  fact. 

Fuphra'sia,  daughter  of  Fvandcr,  pre- 
served her  aged   father  while  in  prison 

in    a  similar     manner.       (See     GrBCIAB 

I  'Al  "IITKK.) 

Xavier  do  Belsuncc  (//.  Francois), 
immortalized  by  his  self-devotion  in  ad- 
ministering    to    th<'    plague-stricken    at 

Marseilles   ;  1720    22). 

%*  Other  similar  examples  are  Charles 
•I  <: 


XENOCRATES. 


1122 


YARROW. 


Borro'mco,  cardinal  and  archbishop  of 
Milan  (1538-1584).  St.  Roche,  who  died 
in  1327  from  the  plague  caught  by  him 
in  his  indefatigable  labours  in  minister- 
ing to  the  plague-stricken  at  Piacenza. 
Mompesson  was  equally  devoted  to  the 
people  of  Eyam.  Our  own  sir  John 
Lawrence,  lord  mayor  of  London,  is  less 
known,  but  ought  to  be  held  in  equal 
honour,  for  supporting  40,000  dismissed 
servants  in  the  great  plague. 

Xenoc'rates  (4  si//.),  a  Greek  philo- 
sopher. The  courtezan  Lais  made  a 
heavy  bet  that  she  would  allure  him  from 
his  "  prudery  ;  "  but  after  she  had  tried 
all  her  arts  on  him  without  success,  she 
exclaimed.  "  I  thought  he  had  been  a 
living  man,  and  not  a  mere  stone." 

I>..  you  Uiink  I  am  Xenocrates,  or  like  the  sultan  with 
mart...'  legs?  There  you  leave  me  tdte-H-ttte  with  Mrs. 
Haller.  as  If  my  heart  were  a  mere  flint.— Benjamin 
(Thompson,  The  Stranger,  iv.  2  17!#7). 

Xerxes  denounced.  —  See  Plu- 
tarch, Life  of  Themistocles,  art.  "  Sea- 
Fights  of  Artemisiam  and  Salamis." 

Minerva  on  the  bounding  prow 
Of  Athens  stood,  and  witli  the  thunder's  voice 
Denounced  her  terrors  on  their  impious  heads   [the 

Persui  iu\. 
And  shipok  her  burning  avis.     Xerxes  saw. 
From  Heracle  urn  on  the  mountain's  height. 
Throned  in  her  golden  car,  lie  knew  the  sign 
Celestial,  felt  unrighteous  hope  forsake 
His  faltering  heart,  and  turned  his  face  with  shame. 
Akenside,  llymn  to  the  Xaiadt  11767). 

Xime'na,  daughter  of  count  de  Gor- 
mez.  The  count  was  slain  by  the  Cid  for 
insulting  his  father.  Four  times  Ximena 
demanded  vengeance  of  the  king  ;  but  the 
king,  perceiving  that  the.  Cid  was  in  love 
witli  her,  delayed  vengeance,  and  ulti- 
mately she  married  him. 

Xit,  the  royal  dwarf  of  Edward  VI. 

Xury,  a  Moresco  boy,  servant  to 
Robinson  Crusoe. — Defoe,  Adventures  of 
Hvbinsun  Oruscx?  (1719), 


Y. 

Y,  called  the  "  Samian  letter."  It 
was  used  by  Pythagoras  of  Samos  as  a 
symbol  of  the  path  of  virtue,  which  is 
one,  like  the  stem  of  the  letter,  but  once 
deviated  from,  the  further  the  two  lines 
ure  carried  the  wider  the  divergence  be- 
comes. 


YaTloo,  one  of  the  human  brutes' 
subject  to  the  Houyhnhnms  [  Whin.hims] 
or  horses  possessed  of  human  intelligence. 
In  this  tale,  the  horses  and  men  change 
places  :  the  horses  are  the  chief  and  ruling 
race,  and  man  the  subject  one. — Swift, 
Gulliver's  Travels  (1726). 

Yajui  and  Majuj,the  Arabian  form 
of  Gog  and  Magog.  Gog  is  a  tribe  of 
Turks,  and  Magog  of  the  Gilan  (the  Geli 
or  Gelae  of  Ptolemy  and  Strabo).  Al 
Beidawi  says  they  were  man-eaters. 
Dhu'lkamein  made  a  rampart  of  red-hot 
metal  to  keep  out  their  incursions. 

He  said  to  the  workmen.  "  Bring  me  iron  In  large 
pieces  till  It  fill  up  the  space  between  these  two  moun- 
tains .  .  .  [then]  blow  witli  your  bellows  till  it  make  the 
Iron  red  hot"  And  he  said  further,  "Bring  me  molten 
brass  Uiat  I  may  pour  upon  it."  When  this  wall  was 
finished.  Gog  and  Magog  could  not  scale  it,  neither  could 
Uiey  dig  through  IL—  A I  Kordn,  zviii. 

Yakutsk,  in  Siberia,  affords  an  exact 
parallel  to  the  story  about  Carthage. 
Dido,  having  purchased  in  Africa  as  much 
land  as  could  be  covered  with  a  bull's 
hide,  ordered  the  hide  to  be  cut  into  thin 
slips,  and  thus  enclosed  land  enough  to 
build  By rsa  upon.  This  Byrsa  ("bull's 
hide  ")  was  the  citadel  of  Carthage,  round 
which  the  city  grew. 

So  with  Yakutsk.  The  strangers  bought 
as  much  land  as  they  could  encompass 
witli  a  cow-hide,  but,  by  cutting  the  hide 
into  slips,  they  encompassed  enough  land 
to  build  a  city  on. 

Yama,  a  Hindu  deity,  represented  by 
a  man  with  four  arms  riding  on  a  bull. 

Thy  great  birth.  0  horse.  Is  to  be  glorified,  whether 
first  springing  from  Uie  firmament  or  from  the  water, 
Inasmuch  as  thoa  hast  neighed,  thou  hast  the  wings  of  Uie 
falcon,  thou  hast  Uie  limbs  of  the  deer.  Trita  harnessed 
the  horse  which  was  given  by  Varna;  India  first  mounted 
I'im  ;  (iandharba  seized  his  reins.  VMDS,  you  fabricated 
the  horse  from  the  sun.  Thou,  O  horse,  art  Varna  ;  thou 
art  A. lit\ a;  thou  art  Trita  ;  thou  art  Bono.— The  Rig 
Veda,  il 

Ya'men,  lord  and  potentate  of  Panda- 
Ion  (lull).— Hindu  Mythology. 

What  worse  than  this  haUi  Yamen's  hell  In  store t 
SouUiey,  Curse  uf  Kehama,  il.  (1SU9). 

Yar'ico,  a  voung  Indian  maiden  with 
whom  Thomas' Inkle  fell  in  love.  After 
living  with  her  as  his  wife,  he  despicably 
sold  her  in  Barbadoes  as  a  slave. 

%*  The  story  is  told  by  sir  Richard 
Steele  in  The  Spectator,  1 1 ;  and  has  been 
dramatized  by  George  Colman  under  the 
title  of  Inkle  and  Varico  (1787). 

Yarrow  or  Achille'a  MiUefo'lium. 
Linnaeus  recommends  the  bruised  leaves 
of  common  yarrow  as  a  most  excellent 
vulnerary  and  powerful  styptic. 

[  The  hermit  aiUheri] 
The  yarrow  wherewithal!  he  stops  Uie  wound-made  gur» 
L>r»<oo.  I'lAl/ottkan,  xiii.  U»ldJ 


YARROW. 


112;} 


TEW  IN    I  HlIiCIIYARDS. 


Yarrow  (T/iti  Flower  of).  Mary  Scott 
was  so  called. 

Yathreb,  the  ancient  name  of 
Medina. 

When  a  party  of  them  said.  "O  inhabitants  of  Yathreh, 
there  U  BO  plac«  Of  neurit)  for  yo u  here,  wherefore  return 

huiuc ;"  ■  part  of  them  asked  leareof  the  prophet  to  depart. 

— A I  Kordn,  xxxiii. 

Yellow  Dwarf  {The),  a  malignant, 
ngly  imp,  who  claimed  the  princess  All- 
fair  as  his  bride  ;  and  carried  her  off  to 
Steel  Castle  on  his  Spanish  cat,  the  very 
day  she  was  about  to  be  married  to  the 
beautiful  king  of  the  Gold-Mines.  The 
king  of  the  Gold-Mines  tried  to  rescue  her, 
and  was  armed  by  a  good  siren  with  a 
diamond  sword  of  magic  power,  by  which 
he  made  his  way  through  every  difficulty 
to  the  princess.  Delighted  at  seeing  his 
betrothed,  he  ran  to  embrace  her,  and 
dropped  his  sword.  Yellow  Dwarf, 
picking  it  up,  demanded  if  Gold-Mine 
would  resign  the  lady,  and  on  his  refusing 
to  do  so,  slew  him  with  the  magic  sword. 
The  princess,  rushing  forward  to  avert  the 
blow,  fell  dead  on  the  body  of  her  dying 
lover. 

Yellow  Dwarf  was  so  called  from  his  complexion,  and 
the  orange  tree  be  lived  in.  ...  He  wore  woodeu  shoes, 
a  coarse,  yellow  stuff  jacket,  and  hail  no  hair  to  hide  his 
large  ears. — Comtesse  D'Aunuy,  fairy  TaUl  ("The 
YcUow  Dwarf."  1W-). 

Yellow  River  ( The) .  The  Tiber  was 
called  Flavus  TiWris,  because  the  water  is 
much  discoloured  with  yellow  sand. 

Vorticibus  rapidis  et  niulta  Hams  arena. 

VlrgiL 
While  flows  the  Yellow  River. 

While  itandi  the  Sacred  Hill, 
The  proud  Idea  of  QuintlUs  [ltith  J"iy] 

Shall  have  such  honour  still. 
Macaulay,  Layt  ("  Buttle  of  the  Lake  Itcgillus,"  18-12). 

%*  The  "Sacred  Hill"  {Mom  Saccr), 
bo  called  because  it  was  held  sacred  by  the 
Roman  people,  who  retired  thither,  Led  by 
Sicinius,  and  refused  to  return  home  till 
their  debts  were  remitted,  and  tribunes  of 
the  people  were  made  recognized  magis- 
trates of  Rome.  On  the  L5th  July  was 
fought  the  battle  of  the  lake  Regillus, 
and  the  anniversary  was  kept  by  the 
Romans  as  a  fete  day. 

Yellow  River  of  China  is  so  called  from 
its  colour.  The  Chinese  have  a  proverb  : 
Such  and  such  a  thing  will  occur  when  the 
Yellow  llicer  runs  clear,  i.e.  never. 

¥ellow  "Water  (  The), a  water  which 
possessed  this  peculiar  property:  If  only 
a  few  drops  were  put  into  a  basin,  no 
matter  how  large,  it  would  produce  a 
complete  and  beautiful  fountain,  which 
would  always  till  the  basin  and  never 
jverrlow  it. — Arabian  Niyhts, 


In  the  fairy  tale  of  Chery  and  Fan-star, 
comtesse  D'Aunoy,  ''the  dancing 
water"  did  the  same  (1682). 

Much  of  Bacon'l  lib  was  passed  in  a  visionary  wjrld 
amid      I  re  sumptuous  than  the  palace  ol 

Aladdin    and  fountalni  more  woiiderlul  Ui.ui  the  gulden 
water  of  Parttade  [/.#.  J.— Macaulay. 

Yellowley  (Mr.  Tripbdemus),  the 
factor,  an  experimental  agriculturist  of 
Stourburgh  or  Barfra. 

Mistress  Baby  or  Barbary  Yellowley, 
Bister  and  housekeeper  of  Triptolemus. 

Old  Jasper  Yellowley,  father  of  Trip- 
tolemus and  Barbary.— Sir  W.  Scott,  'JU 
Pirate  (time,  William  III.). 

Yellowness,    jealousy.     Nym  says 
(referring  to  Ford),  "I  will  possess  him 
with  yellowness." — Shakespeare, 
Wives  of  Windsor^  act  i.  sc.  4  (1001). 

Ye'men,  Arabia  Felix. 

Beautiful  are  the  maids  that  glide 
On  summer  eves  through  Yemen's  dales. 
T.  Moore,  Lalta  fioo&A  l"Th«  Hre-Woiahlpperi,"  1817). 

Yenadiz'ze,  an  idler,  a  gambler ; 
also  an  Indian  fop. 

With  my  nets  you  never  help  me ; 
At  the  door  my  nets  are  hanging. 
Go  and  wrin;;  them,  yenadixxe, 

Longfellow,  Uuiwtha,  vl.  (1855). 

Yendys  (Sydney),  the  mm  de  plume  of 
Sydney  Dobell  (1824-        ). 

%*  "Yendys"  is  merely  the  <»-ord 
Sydney  reversed. 

Yeru'ti,  son  of  Quiara  and  Monnema. 
His  father  and  mother  were  of  the  Guar&DJ 
race,  and  the  only  ones  who  escaped  a 
small-pox  plague  which  infested  that  part 
of  Paraguay.  Yeruti  was  bom  after  his 
parents  migrated  to  the  Mondai  woods, 
but  his  father  was  killed  by  a  jaguar  just 
before  the  birth  of  Blooms  (Ins  sister). 
When  grown  to  youthful  age,  a.  Jesuit 
pastor  induced  the  three  to  come  and  live 
at    St.   Joaehin,    where   was    B    primitive 

colony    of    some    S I    BOuls.      Here    the 

mother  soon  died  from  the  confinement 
of  city  life.  Bfooma  followed  her  ere 
long  to  the  grave.  Yeruti  now  requested 
to  be  baptized,  and  no  sooner  was  the 

rite  over,  than  he  cried,  "  Ye  are  come 
for  me  !  I  am  quite  remix  !"  and  instantly 
expired. — Southey,  A  Tale  of  Paraguay 
(1814). 

Yew  in  Churchyards.    The  yew 

was  substituted  for  "the  Bacred  paim," 
because  palm  trees  are  not  of  English 
growth. 

But  for  encbeaon,  that  wa  hare  not  olyve  Uiat  Iverith 
grained  li  fore  we  take  ewe  inataad  of  palna 

and  nlrm  taiton.  Ijtrcctory  for  Kcciiing  t'ettitait 
114X1). 


YEZAD. 


1124 


YORKSHIRE  TRAGEDY. 


Yezad  or  Yezdam,  called  by  the 
Greeks  Oroma'zes  (4  syl.),  the  principle 
of  good  in  Persian  mythology,  opposed 
to  Ahriman  or  Arimannis  the  principle  of 
evil.  Yezad  created  twenty-four  good 
spirits,  and,  to  keep  them  from  the  power 
of  the  evil  one,  enclosed  them  in  an  egg  ; 
but  Ahriman  pierced  the  shell,  and  hence 
there  is  no  good  without  some  admixture 
of  evil. 

Yezd  (1  syl.),  chief  residence  of  the 
fire-worshippers.  Stephen  says  they  have 
kept  alive  the  sacred  fire  on  mount  Ater 
Quedah  ("mansion  of  fire")  for  above 
3000  years,  and  it  is  the  ambition  of  every 
true  fire-worshipper  to  die  within  the 
sacred  city. 

From  Veai's  eternal  "  Mansion  of  the  Fire." 
Where  aged  saints  in  dreams  of  heaven  expire. 
T.  Hoore,  Uiiia  Booth  f  The  Flre-Wonhlppera, '  isl7) 

Ygerne  [Ejqern*],  wife  of  GorloTs 
lord  <>f  Tintag'il  Castle,  in  Cornwall. 
King  Uther  tried  to  seduce  her,  but  Y^'i  rue 
resented  the  insult ;  whereupon  Uther 
and  Gorlois  fought,  and  the  latter  wa9 
slain.  Uther  then  besieged  Tintagi] 
Castle,  took  it,  and  compelled  Ygerne  to 
become  his  wife.  Nine  months  after- 
wards, Uther  died,  and  on  the  same  day 
was  Arthur  born. 

Then  UUier.  in  his  wraUi  aud  heat,  besieged 
fgerne  within  Tintanil  .  .  .  and  entered  in  .  .  . 
Enforced  she  was  to  Red  htm  in  her  tears. 
And  with  a  shameful  swiftness. 

Temiysuu,  Coming  of  Arthur. 

Ygg'drasil',  the  great  ash  tree  which 
binds  together  heaven,  earth,  and  hell. 
Its  branches  extend  over  the  whole  earth, 
its  top  reaches  heaven,  and  its  roots  hell, 
lite  three  Nonas  or  Fates  sit  under  the 
tree,  spinning  the  events  of  man's  life. — 
Scandmaman  .Mythology. 

By  the  Urdar  fount  dwelling, 

I  hi)  lij  daj  from  the  rill. 
The  Nomas  l«,-prinlde 

The  ash  rgadnati 

Lord  Lyttou,  Harold,  tUL  (1S50). 

Yguerne.    (See  Yqkknk.) 

Yn'iol,  an  earl  of  decayed  fortune, 
father  of  Enid.  He  was  ousted  from  his 
earldom  by  his  nephew  Ed'yrn  (son  of 
Nudd),  called  "The  Sparrow-Hawk. " 
When  Edyrn  was  overthrown  by  prince 
Geraint'  in  single  combat,  he  was  com- 
pelled to  restore  the  earldom  to  his  uncle. 
He  is  described  in  the  Mabmogion  as  "a 
nonry-headed  man,  clad  in  tattered  gar- 
ments."— Tennyson,  Idylls  of  the  King 
("Enid"). 

He  says  to  Geraint :  "  I  lost  a  great  earldom  as  well  as  a 
etly  and  castle,  and  this  is  how  1  lost  them :  I  bad 
•  nephew,  .  .  .  and  when  he  came  to  his  strength  he 
leaumded  of  me  his  property,  but  I  withheld  It  from  him. 


So  he  made  war  upon  me,  and  wrested  from  me  all  that 
I  possessed." — The  Mabinogion  ("Geraint,  the  Son  of 
Erbin,"  twelfth  century). 

Yoglari  (Zacharias),  the  old  Jew 
chemist,  in  London. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Kenilworth  (time,  Elizabeth). 

Yohak,  the  giant  guardian  of  the 
caves  of  Babylon. — Southey,  Thalaba  tlie 
Destroyer,  v.  (1797). 

Yor'ick,  the  king  of  Denmark's  jester ; 
"a  fellow  of  infinite  jest  and  most  ex- 
cellent fancy."  —  Shakespeare,  Hamlet 
Prince  of  Denmark  (1596). 

Yorick,  a  humorous  and  careless  parson, 
of  Danish  origin,  and  a  descendant  of 
Yorick  mentioned  in  Shakespeare's  Ham- 
let.— Sterne,  Tristram  Shandy  (17o9). 

Yorick.  the  lively,  witty,  sensible,  and  heedless  parson. 
Is  .  .  .  Sterne  himself.— Sir  W.  Scott. 

Yorick  (Mr.),  the  pseudonym  of  the 
Rev.  Laurence  Sterne,  attached  to  his 
Sentimental  Journey  through  France  and 
Italy  (17C8). 

York,  according  to  legendary  history, 
was  built  by  Ebranc,  son  of  Gwendolen 
widow  of  king  Locrin.  Geoffrey  says  it 
was  founded  while  "  David  reigned  in 
Judaea,"  and  was  called  Caer-brauc. — 
British  History,  ii.  7  (1142). 

York  {New),  United  States,  America, 
is  so  called  in  compliment  to  the  duke  of 
York,  afterwards  .lames  II.  It  had  been 
previously  called  "  New  Amsterdam  "  by 
the  Dutch  colonists,  but  when  in  1064  its 
governor,  Stuyvesant,  surrendered  to  the 
English,  its  name  was  changed. 

York  (Geoffrey  archbishop  of),  one  of 
the  high  justiciaries  of  England  in  the 
absence  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion. — Sir 
W.  Scott,  1'lie  Talisman  (time,  Richard 
I.). 

York  (James  duke  of),  introduced  by 
sir  W.  Scott  in  Woodstock  and  in  Tcier'd 
of  the  Teak. 

Yorke  (Oliver),  pseudonym  of  Francis 
Sylvester  Mahony,  editor  of  I'raser's 
Magazine.     It  is  still  edited  under  the 

same  name. 

Yorkshire  Bite  (A),  a  specially 
'cute  piece  of  overreaching,  entrapping 
one  into  a  profitless  bargain.  The  monkey 
who  ate  the  oyster  and  returned  a  shell  to 
each  litigant  affords  a  good  example. 

Yorkshire  Tragedy  (The),  author 
Unknown  (1<>04),  was  at  one  time  printed 
with  the  name  of  Shakespeare. 


TOUNG. 


1125 


YSOLDE. 


Young.  "Whom  the  gods  love  die 
young." — Tlerodotos,  History.  (See  Notes 
and  Queries,  October  5,  1879.) 

%*  Quoted  by  lord  Byron  in  reference 
to  Haidee. — Don  ./win,  iv.  12  (1820). 

Young  America.  J.  G.  Holland 
Bays:  "What  we  call  Young  America  is 
made  up  of  about  equal  parts  of  irre- 
verence, conceit,  and  that  popular  moral 
quality  familiarly  known  as  brass." 

Young.  Chevalier  (llie),  Charles 
Edward  Stuart,  grandson  of  James  II. 
lie  was  the  second  pretender  (1720- 
1788). 

Young  England,  a  set  of  young 
aristocrats,  who  tried  to  revive  the  courtly 
manners  of  the  Chesterfield  school.  They 
wore  white  waistcoats,  patronized  the  pet 
poor,  looked  down  upon  shopkeepers,  and 
were  imitators  of  the  period  of  Louis  XIV. 
Disraeli  has  immortalized  their  ways  and 
manners. 

Young  Germany,  a  literary  school, 
headed  by  Heinrich  Heine  \_H\.ny~\,  whose 
aim  was  to  liberate  politics,  religion,  and 
manners  from  the  old  conventional  tram- 
mels. 

Young  Ireland,  followers  of  Daniel 
O'Conncll  in  politics,  but  wholly  opposed 
to  his  abstention  from  war  and  insur- 
rection in  vindication  of  "their  country's 
rights." 

Young  Italy,  certain  Italian  re- 
fugees, who  associated  themselves  with 
the  French  republican  party,  called  the 
Carbonnerie  Democratique.  The  society 
was  first  organized  at  Marseilles  by  Maz- 
zini,  and  its  chief  object  was  to  diffuse 
republican  principles. 

Young  Roscrus,  William  Henry 
West  Betty.  When  only  12  years  old,  he 
made  £.'>4,000  in  fifty-six  nights.  He 
appeared  in  1803,  and  very  wisely  retired 
from  the  stage  in  1807  (1791-1874). 

Young-and-Handsome,  a  beauti- 
ful fairy,  who  fell  in  love  with  AlidSrna 
"the  lovely  shepherd."  Mordicant,  an 
ugly  fain',  also  loved  him,  and  confined 
him  in  a  dungeon.  Zephyrua  loved 
Young-and-Handsome,  but  when  he  Found 

no  reciprocity,  he  asked  the  fairy  how  he 
could  best  please  her.  "  By  liberating  the 
lovely  shepherd, "  she  replied.  "  Fairies, 
you  know,  have  no  power  over  fairies,  but 
you,  being  a  god,  have  full  power  over 
the  whole  race."  Zephyrus  complied  ^  itb 
this  request,  and  restored  Alidorus  to  the 
Castle    of     Flowers,    when    Young-and- 


Handsome  bestowed  on  him  perpetual 
youth,  and  married  him.  —  Comtesae 
D' Annoy,  Fairy  Talcs  ("Young-and- 
Handsome,"  1G)S2). 

Youwarkee,  the  name  of  the  gawrey 
that  Peter  Wilkina  married.  She  in- 
troduced the  seaman  to  Nosmnbdsgrsutt, 
the  land  of  flying  men  and  women. —  U. 
Pultock,  Peter  Wit  kins  (1730). 

Ysaie  le  Triste  [E.sa>/'  /tr  Treest], 
son  of  Tristram  and  Isold  (wife  of  king 
Mark  of  Cornwall).  The  adventures  of 
this  young  knight  form  the  subject  of  a 
French  romance  called  Jsaic  le  Triste 
(1522). 

I  did  not  think  It  necessary  to  contemplate  the  exploit! 
.  .  .  with  the  gravity  of  bale  le  Triste. — Dunlop, 

Ysolde  or  Ysonde  (2  s///.),  sur- 
named  "The  Fair,"  daughter  of  the  king 
of  Ireland.  When  sir  Tristram  was 
wounded  in  fighting  for  his  uncle  Mark, 
he  went  to  Ireland,  and  was  cured  by  the 
Fair  Ysolde.  On  his  return  t^  Cornwall, 
he  gave  his  uncle  such  a  glowing  account 
of  the  young  princess  that  he  "  B 
to  propose  offers  of  marriage,  and  to  eon- 
duct  the  lady  to  Cornwall.  The  brave 
young  knight  and  the  fair  damsel  fell  in 
love  with  each  other  on  their  voyage, 
and,  although  Ysolde  married  king  Mark, 
she  retained  to  the  end  her  love  for  sir 
Tristram.  Kinu'  Mark,  jealous  of  his 
nephew,  banished  him  from  Cornwall, 
and  he  went  to  Wales,  where  he  per- 
formed prodigies  of  valour.  In  time,  his 
uncle  invited  him  back  to  Cornwall,  hut. 
the  guilty  intercourse  being  renewed,  he 
Was  banished  a  second  time.  Sir  Tris- 
tram now  wandered  over  Spain,  Ermonie, 
and  Brittany,  winning  golden  opinions 
by  his  exploits.  In  Brittany,  he  married 
the  king's  daughter,  Ysolde  or  Ysonde  of 
the  White  Band,  but  neither  loved  her  nor 
lived  with  her.  The  rest  of  the  tale  is 
differently  told  by  different  authors. 
Some  say  lie  returned  to  Cornwall,  re- 
newed his  love  with  Ysolde  the  Fair,  and 
was  treacherously  stabbed  by  his  uncle 
Mark.  Others  say  he  was  severely 
wounded  in  Brittany,  and  sent  for  his 
aunt,  but  died  before  her  arrival.  When 
Ysolde  the  Fair  heard  of  his  death,  she 
died  of  a  broken  heart,  atid  king  Mark 
buried  them  both  in  one  grave,  over  whii  h 
he  planted  a  rose  bush  and  a  vine. 

Ysolde  or  Ysonde  or  Ysolt  of  the 
White  Hand,  daughter  of  the  king  of 
Brittany,  Sir  Tristram  married  her  for 
her  name's  sake,  but  never  loved  her  nor 
lived  with  her,  Ik  cause  he  loved  his  aunt 


YTENE. 


1126 


ZACHAUIA. 


Tsolde  the  Fair  (the  young  wife  of  king 
Mark),  and  it  was  a  point  of  chivalry  for 
a  knight  to  love  only  one  woman,  whether 
widow,  wife,  or  maid. 

Ytene  lE.teef.ne],  New  Forest,  in 
Hampshire. 

So  when  two  boars  In  wild  Ytenfi  bred. 

Or  on  West| ■bulla's  fattening  chestnuts  fori. 

Gnash  their  sharp  tusks,  anil  roused  with  equal  fire. 

Dispute  tin-  reign  of  m«  luxurious  mire. 

In  the  black  flood  they  wallow  oer  and  o'er, 

Till  their  armed  jaws  dL-til!  with  ('<un  and  gore. 

Gay,  Trivia.  iii.  45  (1712). 

Yuhid'thiton,  chief  of  the  Az'tecas, 
,the  mightiest  in  battle  and  wisest  in 
council.  He  succeeded  Co'anocot'zin  (5 
syl.)   as  king  of  the  tribe,  and  led   the 

Eeople  from  the  south  of  the  Missouri  to 
lexico. — Southey,  Modoc  (1805). 

Yule  (1  s.'/'Oi  Christmas-time. 

I  craved  leave  no  longer,  but  till  Yewle. 
G.  Gaso.umr.  The  FruUm  of  II  am,  115  (lied  1557). 

Ywaine  and  Gawin,  the  English 
version  of  "  Owain  and  the  Lady  of  the 
Fountain."  The  English  version  was 
taken  from  the  French  of  Chreetiep  de 
Troves,  and  was  published  by  Kitson 
(twelfth  century).  The  Welsh  tale  is  in 
the  Mabinoyion.  There  is  also  a  German 
version  by  Ilartmann  von  der  Aue,  a 
minnesinger  (beginning  of  thirteenth 
century).  There  are  also  Bavarian  And 
Danish  versions. 

Yvetot  [Evc.toc'],  a  town  in  Nor- 
mandy ;  the  lord  of  the  town  was  called 
Ic  roi'd 'Yvetot.  The  tale  is  that  Clotaire 
son  of  Clovis,  having  slain  the  lord  of 
Yvetot  before  the  high  altar  of  Soissons, 
made  atonement  to  the  heirs  by  con- 
ferring on  them  the  title  of  king.  In  the 
sixteenth  century  the  title  was  exchanged 
for  that  of  prince  touverain,  and  the 
whole  fiction  was  dropped  not  long  after. 
Beranger  has  a  poem  called  "  Le  Roi 
d'  Yvetot,"  which  is  understood  to  be  a 
satirical  fling  at  the  great  Napoleon. 
The  following  is  the  first  stanza : 

II  Matt  uti  rol  Yvetot 

Pan  riimiu  dans  l'histolre; 
Be  levant  tard,  se  couchant  t6t. 

Dormant,  fort  Men  sans  gloire, 
Kt  cnuronne  par  J.  ami-  ton 
Ii'uu  simple  bonnet  de  coton. 

Dit  on  : 
Oh  !  oh  !  "h  '  Oh  !     Ah  !  ahl  ah!  ah  I 
Quel  boo  l«--tit  ruic'elait;  la!  la!  la! 

Reran  ger. 
A  king  there  was,  "rol  d'Yvctot"  dept. 

But  IllUe  known  in  story. 
Went  soon  to  lied,  till  next  day  slept. 

And  soundly  without  glory. 
His  royal  brow  in  cotton  cap. 
Would  Jannet.  when  he  took  his  nap, 

Enwrap, 
Oh  !  oh  I  oh  !  oh  I    Ah  I  ah  !  all  I  all  I 
A  famous  king  ho  ;   La  I  la  I  la  I  E.  C.  B. 


Zabarell,  a  learned  Italian  com- 
mentator on  works  connected  with  the 
Aristotelian  system  of  philosophy  (1533- 
1589). 

And  still  I  held  converse  with  Zabarell  .  .  . 
Btuffl  notlng-booka;  and  still  my  spaniel  slept. 
At  length  he  waked  and  yawned  ;  and  by  yon  s 
For  aught  I  know,  he  knew  as  much  as  I. 

M.u-ston  (died  1634). 

Zabidius,  the  name  in  Martial  for 
which  "Dr.  Fell"  was  substituted  by 
Tom  Brown,  when  set  by  the  dean  of 
Christ  Church  to  translate  the  lines: 

Non  amo  te.  Zahidl,  nee  possum  dicere  quare , 
Hoc  tantum  possum  dicere,  non  amo  ta. 
I  love  thee  not,  Zabidius — 

Yet  cannot  tell  thee  why; 
But  this  I  may  most  truly  say, 
I  lore  thee  not,  not  L 

E  C.  B. 

Imitated  thus : 

I  do  not  like  thee.  Dr.  Ftll— 
The  reason  why,  1  cannot  tell ; 
But  this  1  know,  and  know  full  well, 
I  do  not  like  thee.  Dr.  ML 
Tom  Brown  (author  of  lAalogutt  c,/  the  D*+d\ 

Zabir  (Al).  So  the  Mohammedans 
call  mount  Sinai. 

When  Moses  came  at  our  appointed  time,  and  his  Lord 
spake  unto  him.  he  said.  "O  Lord,  show  me  thy  glory, 
that  I  may  behold  thee;"  and  &«1  answered.  "Tliou 
■ball  in  no  wise  behold  me;  tint  look  towards  tlita 
mountain  [A  I  Z<io»rJ,  and  if  it  stand  firm  in  its  place  than 
sliaJt  thou  see  inc."  Bat  when  the  Lonl  appeared  with 
gloiy.  the  mount  was  reduced  to  dust. — Al  A'.rcin,  vii. 

Zab'ulon,  a  Jew,  the  sen-ant  of  Hip- 
polyta  a  rich  lady  wantonly  in  love 
with  Amoldo.  Arnoldo  is  contracted  to 
the  chaste  Zeno'cia,  who,  in  turn,  is 
basely  pursued  by  the  governor  count 
Clo'dio. — Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  T/te 
Custom  of  the  Country  (1G47). 

Zab'ulus,  same  as  Diabolus. 

Gay  sport  have  we  had  to-night  with  Zabulux 

Lord  Lytton,  Harold,  vilL  (185m. 

Zaccoc'ia,  king  of  Mozambique,  who 
received  Vasco  da  Gama  and  his  crew 
with  great  hospitality,  believing  them  to  be 
Mohammedans;  but  when  he  ascertained 
that  they  were  Christians,  he  tried  to 
destroy  them. — Camoens,  Lusiad,  i.,  ii. 
(15G9). 

Zacharia,  one  of  the  three  ana- 
baptists who  induced  John  of  Leyden  to 
join  the  revolt  of  Westphalia  and  Hol- 
land. On  the  arrival  of  the  emperor,  the 
anabaptists  betrayed  their  dupe,  but 
perished  with  him  in  the  flames  of  the 
burning  palace. — Meyerbeer,  Le  Prophit4 
(1849). 


ZADIG. 


1127 


ZAXGA. 


Zadig,  the  hero  and  title  of  a  novel 
by  Voltaire.  Zadig  is  a  wealth}'  young 
Babylonian,  and  the  object  of  the  novel 
is  to  show  that  the  events  of  life  are 
beyond  human  control. 

Zad'kiel  (3  s;/L),  angel  of  the  planet 
Jupiter. — Jewish  Mythology. 

Zad'kiel,  the  pseudonym  of  lieutenant 
Richard  James  Morrison,  author  of  Pro- 
phetic Almanac,  Handbook  of  Astrology, 
ptet 

Zadoc,  in  Dryden's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophcl,  is  Sancroft  archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 

Zadoc  the  priest,  whom  shunning  pnwer  and  place, 
Ilia  lowiy  mind  advanced  to  Darid'a  grace. 

rt.  I.  (1KS1). 

Zaide  (2  s.y/.),  avonng  slave,  who  pre- 
tends to  have  been  ill-treated  by  Adraste 
(2  syl.),  and  runs  to  don  Pedre  for  protec- 
tion. Don  Pedre  sends  her  into  the 
house,  while  he  expostulates  with  Adraste 
"for  Lis  brutality."  Now,  Adraste  is  in 
love  with  Isidore,  a  Greek  slave  kept  by 
don  Pedre,  and  when  Zaide  is  called  forth, 
Isidore  appears  dressed  in  Zaide's  clothes. 
"There,"  says  don  Pedre,  "take  her 
home,  and  use  her  well."  "  I  will,"  says 
Adraste,  and  leads  off  Isidore. — Moliore, 
Le  Sicilien  ou  &  Amour  Peintre  (1667). 

Zaira,  the  mother  of  Eva  Wentworth. 
She  is  a  brilliant  Italian,  courted  by  de 
Courcy.  When  deceived  by  him,  she 
meditates  suicide,  but  forbears,  and  sees 
Eva  die  tranquilly,  and  the  faithless  de 
Courcy  perish  of  remorse. — Rev.  C.  R. 
Maturin,  Women  (a  novel,  1822). 

Zakkum  or  Al  Zakkum,  the  tree  of 
death,  rooted  in  hell,  as  the  tree  of  life 
was  in  Eden.  It  is  called  in  the  Koran 
"  the  cursed  tree  "  (ch.  xvii.).  The  fruit 
is  extremely  bitter,  and  any  great  evil  or 
bitter  draught  is  figuratively  called  al 
Zakkum.  The  damned  cat  its  bitter 
fruits  and  drink  scalding  hot  water 
(ch.  xxxvii.). 

The  unallayable  bitterness 
Of  Zaorouni's  fruit  accurst 
Boutbey,  ThaUiba  the  Itettroyer,  rll.  16  (1787). 
Is  this  a  better  entertainment,  or  Li  it  of  the  tree  al 
Zakkum?—  Al  KorAn,  xxxvii. 

Zala,  a  peculiar  ceremony  of  saluta- 
tion amongst  the  Moors. 

Zambo,  the  issue  of  an  Indian  and  a 
negro 

Zambtillo  {Don  Cleophaa  Leemdro 
Perez),  the  person  carried  through  the 
air  by  AsmodSus   to  the  steeple  of   St. 


Salvador,  and  shown,  in  a  moment  of 
time,  the  interior  of  even'  private  dwell- 
ing around. — Lesage,  Tile  Devil  on  Tiro 
Sticks  (1707). 

ClcavinK  the  air  at  a  creator  rate  than  don  Cleophaa 
Leandro  Perez  ZamboUo  and  his  familiar. — C.  Dickens, 
The  Old  Curiosity  Shop  (1840). 

Zani'harir'  (Al),  that  extreme  cold 
to  which  the  wicked  shall  be  exposed 
after  they  leave  the  flames  of  hell  or  have 
drunk  of  the  boiling  water  there. — Sale, 
Al  Koran,  vi.  (notes). 

Zam'ora,  youngest  of  the  three 
daughters  of  Balthazar.  She  is  in  love 
with  Rolando,  a  young  soldier,  who  fancies 
himself  a  woman-hater,  and  in  order  to 
win  him  she  dresses  in  boy's  clothes,  and 
becomes  his  page,  under  the  name  of 
Eugenio.  In  this  character,  ZamOrawins 
the  heart  of  the  young  soldier  by  hei 
fidelity,  tenderness,  and  affection.  When 
the  proper  moment  arrives,  she  assumes 
her  female  attire,  and  Rolando,  declaring 
she  is  no  woman  but  an  angel,  m.irri#s 
her. — J.  Tobin,  The  Honeymoon  (1804). 

Zamti,  the  Chinese  mandarin.  His 
wife  was  Mandanf',  and  his  son  Hamet. 
The  emperor  of  China,  when  he  was  about 
to  be  put  to  death  by  Ti'murkan'  the 
Tartar,  committed  to  Zamti's  charge  his 
infant  son  Zamphimri,  and  Zamti  brought 
up  this  "orphan  of  China"  as  his  own 
son,  under  the  name  of  Etan.  Twenty 
years  afterwards,  Zamti  was  put  to  the 
rack  by  Timurkan,  and  died  soon  aftej 
wards. — Murphv,  The  Orjihan  of  China 
(1761). 

Zanga,  the  revengeful  Moor,  the  ser- 
vant of  dim  Alonzo.  The  Moor  hates 
Alonzo  for  two  reasons:  (1)  because  he 
killed  his  father,  and  (2)  because  he  struck 
him  on  the  cheek  ;  anil  although  Alonzo 
lias  used  every  endeavour  to  conciliate 
Zanga,  the  revengeful  Moor  nurses  his 
hate  and  keeps  it  warm.  The  revenge  he 
wreaks  is:  (1)  to  poison  the  friendship 
which  existed  between  Alonzo  and  don 
Carlos  by  accusations  against  the  don, 
and  (2)  to  embitter  the  love  of  Alonzo  for 
Leonora  his  wife.  Alonzo,  out  of  jealousy, 
has  his  friend  killed,  and  Leonora  makes 
away  with  herself.  Having  thus  lost  his 
best  beloved,  Zanga  tells  his  dupe  he  has 
been  imposed  upon,  and  Alonzo,  mad  with 
grief,  stabs  himself.  Zanga,  content  with 
the  mischief  he  has  done,  is  taken  away 
to  execution. — Edward  Young,  The  Re- 
venge (1721). 

%*  "Zanga"  was  the  great  cnaracter  of 
Henry  Mossop  (1729-1773).    It  waa  also 


ZANONI. 


1128 


ZEAL. 


a  favourite  part  with  J.  Kemble  (1757- 
1823). 

Zano'ni,  hero  and  title  of  a  novel  by 
lord  Bulwer  Lytton.  Zanoni  is  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  communicating 
with  spirits,  prolonging  life,  and  pro- 
ducing gold,  silver,  and  precious  stones 
(1842). 

Zany  of  Debate.  George  Canning 
was  so  called  by  Charles  Lamb  in  a  sonnet 

Iirinted  in  The  Champion  newspaper, 
'osterity  has  not  endorsed  the  judgment 
or  wit  of  this  ill-natured  satire  (1770- 
1827). 

Zaphimri,  the  "orphan  of  China," 
brought  up  by  Zamti,  under  the  name  of 
Etan. 

Ere  yet  the  foe  burst  In, 
•'  Zamti,"  said  be,  "  preserve  my  cradled  infant ; 
Save  him  from  ruffians;  train  his  youth  t<>  virtue  .  .  ." 
]l.  could  no  more  ;  the  cruel  spoiler  Riled  him. 
And  dragged  n>>  king,  from  yonder  altar  dragged  him, 
Here  on  the  blood-stained  pavement;  while  the  queen 
And  her  dear  fondlings,  in  one  mangled  heap, 
I 'iid  in  each  others'  arms. 

Murph),  The  Or/ihan  of  China,  lii.  1  (1761). 

Zaphna,  son  of  Alcfinor  chief  of 
Mecca,  lie  and  his  sister  Palmira,  being 
taken  captives  in  infancy,  were  brought 
up  by  Mahomet,  and  Zaphna,  not  knowing 
Palmira  was  his  sister,  fell  in  love  with 
her,  and  was  in  turn  beloved.  When 
Mahomet  laid  siege  to  Mecca,  he  em- 
ployed Zaphna  to  assassinate  Alcanor, 
and  when  lie  had  committed  the  deed, 
discovered  that  it  was  his  own  father  lie 
had  killed.  Zaphna  would  have  revenged 
the  deed  on  Mahomet,  but  died  of  poison. 
■ — James  Miller,  Mahomet  the  Impostor 
(1740). 

Zara,  an  African  queen,  widow  of 
Albuca'cim,  ami  taken  captive  by  Manuel 
king  of  Grana'da,  who  fell  in  love  with 
her.  Zara,  however,  was  intensely  in  love 
with  Osmyn  (aliis  prince  Alphonso  of 
Valentia),  also  a  captive.  Alphonso,  being 
privately  married  to  Alme'ria,  could  not 
return  her  love.  She  designs  to  liberate 
Osmyn ;  but,  seeing  a  dead  body  in  the 
prison,  fancies  it  to  be  that  of  Osmyn, 
and  killsherself  by  poison. — W.  Congrcve, 
The  Mourning  Brule  (1CSI7). 

%*  "Zara"  was  one  of  the  great  cha- 
racters of  Mrs.  Siddons  (1755-1831). 

Zara  (in  French  Zaire),  the  heroine 
and  title  of  a  tragedy  by  Voltaire  (1733), 
adapted  for  the  English  stage  by  Aaron 
Hill  (17;i.ri).  Zara  is  the  daughter  of 
Lusignan  d'Outrcmer  king  of  Jerusalem 
»nd  brother  of  Nerestan.  Twenty  years 
•go,    Lusignan    aud     his    two    children 


had  been  taken  captives.  Nerestan  waa 
four  years  old  at  the  time  ;  and  Zara,  a 
mere  infant,  was  brought  up  in  the 
seraglio.  Osman  the  sultan  fell  in  love 
with  her,  and  promised  to  make  her  his 
sultana  ;  and  as  Zara  loved  him  for  him- 
self, her  happiness  seemed  complete. 
Nerestan,  having  been  sent  to  France  to 
obtain  ransoms,  returned  at  this  crisis, 
and  Osman  fancied  that  he  observed  a 
familiarity  between  Zara  and  Nerestan, 
which  roused  his  suspicions.  Several 
things  occurred  to  confirm  them,  and  at 
last  a  letter  was  intercepted,  appointing  a 
rendezvous  between  them  in  a  "  secret 
passage "  of  the  seraglio.  Osman  met 
Zara  in  the  passage,  and  stabbed  her  to 
the  heart.  Nerestan  was  soon  seized,  and 
being  brought  before  the  sultan,  told  him 
he  htid  slain  his  sister,  and  the  sole  object 
of  his  interview  was  to  inform  her  of  her 
father's  death,  and  to  bring  her  his  dying 
blessing.  Osman  now  saw  his  error, 
commanded  all  the  Christian  captives  to 
be  set  at  liberty,  and  stabbed  himself. 

Zaramilla,  wife  of  Tinacrio  king  of 
Micomicon,  in  Egypt.  He  was  told  that 
his  daughter  would  succeed  him,  that  she 
wotdd  be  dethroned  by  the  giant  Panda- 
filando,  but  that  she  would  find  in  Spain 
the  gallant  knight  of  La  Mancha,  who 
would  redress  her  wrongs,  and  restore  her 
to  her  throne. — Cervantes,  Don  Quixote, 
I.  iv.  3  (1G05). 

Zaraph,  the  angel  who  loved  Nama. 
It  was  Nama's  desire  to  love  intensel}' 
and  to  love  holily,  but  as  she  fixed  her 
love  on  an  angel  and  not  on  God,  she 
was  doomed  to  abide  on  earth  till  the  day 
of  consummation  ;  then  both  Nama  and 
Zaraph  will  be  received  into  the  realms 
of  everlasting  love. — T.  Moore,  Loves  of 
the  Anjels  (1822). 

Zauberflote  (Die),  a  magic  fluce, 
which  had  the  power  of  inspiring  love. 
When  bestowed  by  the  powers  of  dark- 
ness, the  love  it  inspired  was  sensual 
love ;  but  when  by  the  powers  of  light, 
it  became  subservient  to  the  very  highest 
and  holiest  purposes.  It  guided  Tami'no 
and  Pami'na  through  all  worldly  dangers 
to  the  knowledge  of  divine  truth  (or  the 
mvsteriea  of  Isis). — Mozart,  Die  Zauber- 
flbte  (1791). 

Zayde,  the  chief  character  in  a  French 
romance  by  Mde.  Lafayette  (seventeenth 
century). 

Zeal  (Arabella),  in  Shadwcll's  comedy 
The  Fair  Quaker  of  Deal  (1617). 


ZEDEKIAIT. 


1129 


ZENOCIA. 


This  comedy  was  altered  by  E.  Thomp- 
•  >n  in  1720. 

Zedekiah,  one  of  general  Harrison's 
servants. — Sir  AV.  Scott,  Woodstock  (time, 
Commonwealth) . 

Ze'gris  and  the  Abencerra'ges 
[A'  .ven.cc.rah'  .kr  |,  an  historical  romance, 
professing  to  be  history,  and  printed  at 
Alja'la  in  1G04.  It  was  extremely  popu- 
lar, and  had  a  host  of  imitations. 

Zeid,  Mahomet's  frcedman.  "  The 
puphet"  adopted   him    as  his   son,  and 

fave  him  Zeinab  (or  Zenobia)  for  a  wife  ; 
ut  falling  in  love  with  her  himself,  Zeid 
fave  her  up  to  the  prophet.  She  was 
lahomet's  cousin,  and  within  the  pro- 
hibited degrees,  according  to  the  Koran. 
Zeinab  or  Zenobia,  wife  of  Zeid 
Mahomet's  freedman  and  adopted  son. 
As  Mahomet  wished  to  have  her,  Zeid 
resigned  her  to  the  prophet.  Zeinab  was 
the  daughter  of  Ainima,  Mahomet's  aunt. 
Zei'nab  (2  syl.),  wife  of  Hodei'rali  (3 
syl.)  an  Arab.  She  lost  her  husband  and 
all  her  children,  except  one,  a  boy  named 
Thal'aba.  Weary  of  life,  the  angel  of 
death  took  her,  while  Thalaba  was  yet  a 
vouth. — Southev,  Thalaba  the  Destroyer 
(1797). 

Zeleu'cus  or  Zaleueus,  a  Locren- 
sian  lawgiver,  who  enacted  that  adulterers 
should  be  deprived  of  their  eyes.  His 
own  son  being  proved  guilty,  Zeleucus 
pulled  out  one  of  his  own  eyes,  and  one 
of  his  son's  eyes,  that  "two  eyes  might 
be  paid  to  the  law." — Valerius  Maxim  us, 
De  Factis  Dictisque,  v.  5,  exl.  3. 

How  many  now  will  tread  Zeleucus'  steps  f 

G.  Gafcoigne,  The  Steele  Ota*  (died  1577). 

Zel'ica,  the  betrothed  of  Azim.  When 
it  was  rumoured  that  he  had  been  slain  in 
battle,  Zcllca  joined  the  haram  of  the  Veiled 
Prophet  as  "  one  of  the  elect  of  paradise." 
Azim  returned  from  the  wars,  discovered 
her  retreat,  and  advised  her  to  rice  with 
him,  but  she  told  him  that  she  was  now  the 
prophet's  bride.  After  the  death  of  the 
prophet,  Zclica  assumed  his  veil,  and 
Azim,  thinking  the  veiled  figure  to  be 
the  prophet,  rushed  on  her  and  killed  her. 
— T.  Moore,  Lalla  Rookh  ("The  Veiled 
Prophet,"  etc.,  1817). 

Zelis,  the  daughter  of  a  Persian  officer. 
Bho  was  engaged  to  a  man  in  the  middle 
age  of  life,  but  just  prior  to  the  wedding 
he  forsook  her  for  a  richer  bride.  The 
father  of  Zelis  challenged  him,  but  was 
killed.  Zelis  now  took  lodging  with  a 
courtezan,  aud  went  with  her  to  Italy; 
4s 


but  when  she  discovered  the  evil  coursea 
of  her  companion,  she  determined  to  be- 
come a  nun,  and  started  by  water  for 
Rome.  She  was  taken  captis-e  by  cor- 
sairs, and  Bold  from  master  to  master, 
till  at  length  Hingpo  rescind  her,  and 
made  her  his  wife. — Goldsmith,  A  Citizen 
of  the  World  (1759). 

Zelma'ne  (3  syl.),  the  assumed 
name  of  Pyr'ocles  when  he  put  on  female 
attire. — Sir  Philip  Sidney,  Arcadia  (1590). 

Sir  Philip  lias  preserved  such  a  matchless  decorum  that 
Pyroclfls'  manhood  suffers  no  stain  for  the  cffciiuiiacy  of 
ZcJuwne. — C.  Lamb. 

Zelu'co,  the  only  son  of  a  noble 
Sicilian  family,  accomplished  and  fasci- 
nating, but  spoilt  by  maternal  indulgence, 
and  at  length  rioting  in  dissipation.  In 
spite  of  his  gaiety  of  manner,  he  is  a 
standing  testimony  that  misery  accom- 
panies vice. — Dr.  John  Moore,  Zeluco  (a 
novel,  1786). 

Ze'mia,  one  of  the  four  who,  next  in 
authority  to  U'riel,  preside  over  our  earth. 
— Klopstock,  The  Messiah,  iii.  (1748). 

Zernzem,  a  fountain  at  Mecca.  The 
Mohammedans  say  it  is  the  very  spring 
v.'hich  God  made  to  slake  the  thirst  of 
Ishmael,  when  Ilagar  was  driven  into  the 
wilderness  by  Abraham.  A  bottle  of  this 
water  is  considered  a  very  valuable  pre- 
sent, even  by  princes. 

There  were  also  a  fcTcat  many  bottles  of  water  from  the 
Fountain  of  Zcmzem,  at  Mecca.— Arabian  Aii?Uj  ("  The 
Purveyor's  Story  "). 

Zemzem,  a  well,  where  common 
believers  abide,  who  are  not  equal  to 
prophets  or  martyrs.  The  prophi 
direct  to  paradise,  and  the  latter  await 
the  resurrection  in  the  form  of  green 
birds. — Al  Koran. 

Zenel'ophon,  the  beggar-girl  who 
married  king  (ophet'ua  of  Africa.  She 
is  more  generally  called  Penel'ophon. — 
Shakespeare,  Luce's  Labour's  Lost,  act  iv. 
sc.  1  (1594). 

Zenjebil,  a  stream  in  paradise,  (lowing 
from  the  fountain  Salsabil.  The  word 
means  "  ginger." 

Tlmir  attendant!  [in  paraitur]  shall   po   round   with 

m  all  of  diver,  .  .  .  ana  there  anal]  i»<-  siren  to  them  to 

drink  cups  of  wlno  miicd  wiUi  Uio  Water  of  Zcnjebu.-*- 
Al  Aor.Oi.  buvl. 

Zenobia,  queen  of  Palmyra,  who 
claimed  the  title  of  "Queen  of  the  East." 

She  was  defeated  by  Aurelian  and  taken 
prisoner  in  a.d.  273. 

Zeno'cia,  daughter  of  C'hari'no,  and 
the  chaste  troth-plight  wife  of  Arnoido. 
While  Aruoldo  is  wantonly  loved  by  the 


ZEPHALINDA. 


1130       ZEUXIS  AND  PARRHASIOS. 


rich  Ilippol'yta,  Zenocia  is  dishonourably 
pursued  by  the  governor  count  Clo'dio. — 
l5eaumont  and  Fletcher,  The  Custom  of 
the  Country  (1647). 

Zephalinda,  a  young  lady  who  has 
tasted  the  delights  of  a  London  season, 
taken  back  to  her  home  in  the  country, 
to  find  enjoyment  in  needlework,  dull 
aunts,  and  rooks. 

She  went  from  opera,  park,  assembly,  play, 

Tu  morning  walks,  ami  prayers  threo  hours  a  day  ; 

To  part  her  time  'twjxt  reading  ami  bohea. 

To  muse,  end  spill  her  solitary  tea. 

O'er  her  cold  coffee  trifle  with  her  spoon, 

Count  the  slow  clo<:k,  and  dine  exact  at  noon. 

Pope,  gpittU  tu  Mi*4  mount  (1715). 

Zeph'oil,  a  cherub  who  detected  Satan 
squatting  in  the  garden,  and  brought  him 
before  Gabriel  the  archangel.  The  word 
means  "  searcher  of  secrets."  Milton 
makes  him  "the  guardian  angel  of  para- 
dise." 

Ithurlel  and  Zephon,  with  winged  Kneed 
Search  thro'  this  garden,  leave  nn  I  kirched  no  nook; 
liul  clii.li>  where  those  two  fair  creatures  lodge, 
Now  laid  perhaps  adeep,  MCON  of  haniL 

Milton,  J'araduo  l.otl,  lv.  788  (1G65). 

Zephyr.     (See  Mokuank,  p.  GGO.) 

Zerbinette  (3  ml.),  the  daughter  of 
Argante  (-  syl.),  stolen  from  her  parents 
by  gipsies  when  four  years  old,  and  brought 
up  by  them.  Lc'andre,  the  son  of  seignior 
Geronte,  fell  in  love  with  her,  and  mar- 
ried her  ;  but  the  gipsies  would  not  give 
her  up  without  being  paid  £1000.  Scapirj 
wrung  this  money  from  Geronte,  pretend- 
ing it  was  to  ransom  Lc'andre,  who  had 
been  made  a  prisoner  by  some  Turks, 
who  intended  to  sell  him  in  Algiers  for  a 
slave  unless  his  ransom  was  brought 
within  two  hours.  The  old  man  gave 
Scapin  the  money  grudgingly,  and  Scapin 
passed  it  over  to  the  gipsies,  when  a 
bracelet  led  to  the  discovery  that  Zer- 
binette was  the  daughter  of  seignior 
Argante,  a  friend  of  Lc'andre's  father, 
and  all  parties  were  delighted  at  the 
different  revelations. — Moliere,  Lcs  Four- 
berics  de  Scapin  (1671). 

***  In  the  English  version,  called  77te 
CJieats  of  Scapin,  by  Thomas  Otway, 
Zerbinette  is  called  "  Lucia,"  her  father 
Argante  is  called  "Thrifty,"  Lc'andre  is 
Anglicized  into  "  Lcander,"  Gdronte  be- 
comes "  Gripe,"  and  the  sum  of  money  is 
£200. 

Zerbi'no,  son  of  the  king  of  Scotland, 
and  intimate  friend  of  Orlando. — Ariosto, 
Orlando  Furioso  (1616). 

Zerli'na,  a  rustic  beauty,  about  to  be 
•uurried  to  Masetto,  when  don  Giovanni 


allured  her  away  under  the  promise  of 
making  her  a  fine  lady. — Mozart,  Don 
Giovanni  (opera,  1787). 

ZerlCna,    in    Auber's    opera    of    Fra 
Diavolo  (1830). 

Zesbet,  daughter  of  the  gage  Oucha 
of  Jerusalem.  She  had  four  husbands  at 
the  same  time,  viz.,  Abdal  Motallab  (the" 
sage),  Yaarab  (the  judge),  Abou'teleb  (a 
doctor  of  law),  and  Temimdari  (a  soldier). 
Zesbet  was  the  mother  of  the  prophet 
Mahomet.  Mahomet  appeared  to  her 
before  his  birth  in  the  form  of  a  venerable 
old  man,  and  said  to  her : 

"  You  have  found  f.ivour  before  Allah.  Look  upon  me  i 
I  am  Mahomet,  the  creat  friend  of  God,  he  who  Is  to  en. 
lighten  the  earth.  Thy  virtues,  Zesbet,  ami  thy  tieauty 
have  made  me  prefer  thee  to  all  the  daughters  of  Mi  tea. 
Thou  .-halt  for  tin-  future  be  named  Amlnta  I  «icj."  Then, 
turning  to  the  husbands,  he  said,  "  You  have  wen  me; 
she  U  yours,  and  >ou  are  hers.  Labeur,  then,  with  a  holy 
zeal  to  bring  me  Into  the  world  to  enlighten  it.  All  ini-n 
who  shall  follow  the  law  which  I  shall  preach,  may  have 
four  wins;  but  Zesbet  shall  be  the  only  woman  who 
shall  be  lawfully  the  wife  of  four  husbands  at  once.  It  if 
the  least  privilege  1  can  grant  the  woman  of  whom  I 
choose  to  be  bom." — Comte  de  Caylna.  Oriental  Talet 
("  History  of  the  Uirth  of  Mahomet,"  1743). 

(The  mother  of  Mahomet  is  generally 
called  Amina,  not  Aminta.) 

Zous  (1  syt.),  the  Grecian  Jupiter. 
The  word  was  once  applied  to  the  blue 
firmament,  the  upper  sky,  the  arch  of 
light ;  but  in  Homeric  mythology,  Zeus  is 
king  of  gods  and  men  ;  the  conscious  em- 
bodiment of  the  central  authority  and 
administrative  intelligence  which  holds 
states  together ;  the  supreme  ruler  ;  the 
sovereign  source  of  law  and  order ;  the 
fountain  of  justice,  and  final  arbiter  of 
disputes. 

Ze taxis   and  Parrhas'ios.    In  a 

contest  of  skill,  Zeuxis  painted  some 
grapes  so  naturally  that  birds  pecked  at 
them.  Confident  of  success,  Zeuxis  said 
to  his  rival,  "  Now  let  Parrhasios  draw 
aside  his  curtain,  and  show  us  his  pro- 
duction." "You  behold  it  already," 
replied  Parrhasios,  "and  have  mistaken 
it  for  real  drapery."  Whereupon,  thn 
prize  was  awarded  to  him,  for  Zeuxis 
had  deceived  the  birds,  but  Parrhasios 
had  deceived  Zeuxis. 

Myko's  painting  of  a  cow  was  mis- 
taken by  a  herd  of  bulls  for  a  living 
animal  ;  and  ApellOs's  painting  of  the 
horse  Bucephalos  deceived  bcveral  mares, 
who  ran  about  it  neighing. 

Quintin  Matsys,  of  Antwerp,  fell  iu 
love  with  Lisa,  daughter  of  Johann  Man- 
dyn  ;  but  Mandyn  vowed  his  daughter 
should  marry  only  an  artist.  Matayl 
studied    painting,   and   brought   hi«    first 


ZILLAH.  1131 

picture  to  show  Lisa.  Mandyn  was  not 
at  home,  but  had  left  a  picture  of  his 
favourite  pupil  Frans  Floris,  represent- 
ing the  "fallen  angels,"  on  an  easel. 
Quintin  painted  a  bee  on  the  outstretched 
limb,  and  when  Mandvn  returned  he 
tried  to  brush  it  off,  whereupon  the  de- 
ception was  discovered.  The  old  man's 
heart  was  moved,  and  he  gave  Quintin 
his  daughter  in  marriage,  saying,  "You 
are  a  true  artist,  greater  than  Johann 
Mandyn."  This  painting  is  in  Antwerp 
Cathedral. 

Velasquez  painted  a  Spanish  admiral 
•o  true  to  life  that  king  Felipe  IV., 
entering  the  studio,  thought  the  painting 
was  the  admiral,  and  spoke  to  it  as  such, 
reproving  the  supposed  officer  for  being 
in  the  studio  wasting  his  time,  when  he 
ought  to  have  been  with  the  fleet. 

Zillah,  beloved  by  Hamuel  a  brutish 
sot.  Zillah  rejected  his  suit,  and  Hamuel 
vowed  vengeance.  Accordingly,  he  gave 
out  that  Zillah  had  intercourse  with  the 
devil,  and  she  was  condemned  to  be 
burnt  alive.  God  averted  the  flames, 
which  consumed  Hamuel,  but  Zillah 
stood  unharmed,  and  the  stake  to  which 
she  was  bound  threw  forth  white  roses, 
"the  first  ever  seen  on  earth  since  para- 
dise was  lost." — Southey.  (See  Rose, 
p.  845,  col.  1,  last  art.) 

Zimmerman  (Adam),  the  old 
burgher  of  Soleure,  one  of  the  Swiss 
deputies  to  Charles  "the  Bold"  of  Bur- 
gundy.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Anne  of  Geierstein 
(time,  Edward  IV.). 

Zim'ri,  one  of  the  six  Wise  Men  of 
the  East  led  by  the  guiding  star  to  Jesus. 

Zimri  taught  the  people,  but  they  treated  him  with 
contempt ;  yet,  when  dying,  he  prevailed  un  one  of  them, 
and  then  expired. — Klopstock,  The  ilesniah,  V.  (1771). 

Zimri,  in  Dry  den's  satire  of  Absalom 
and  Achitophel,  is  the  second  duke  of 
Buckingham.  As  Zimri  conspired  against 
Asa  king  of  Judah,  so  the  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham "  formed  parties  and  joined  fac- 
tions."— 1  Kings  xvi.  9. 

Some  of  the  chiefs  were  prlnrcs  In  tho  land  < 
In  the  first  rank  of  then  did  Zimri  stand,— 
A  man  so  various  I  hat  lie  seemed  to  be 
Not  one,  but  all  mankind's  epitome  ; 
Still  in  opinion,  always  in  the  wrong, 
Was  everything  by  turns,  and  nothing  long . 

Pt  I.  (1681). 

Zine'bi  (Mohammed),  king  of  Syria, 
tributary  to  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Raschid ; 
of  very  humane  disposition.  —  Arabian 
Nights  ("Ganem,  the  Slave  of  Love"). 

Zineu'ra,  in  Boccaccio's  Decameron 
(day   11,  Nov.  U),  is  the  "Imogen"  of 


ZOIIAK. 


Shakespeare's  Cymheline.  She  assumed 
male  attire  with  the  name  of  Sicurano 
da  Finale  (Imogen  assumed  male  attire 
and  the  name  FidelO)  ;  Zineura's  husband 
was  Bernard  Lomellin,  and  the  villain 
was  Ambrose  (Imogen's  husband  was 
Posthumus  Leonatus,  and  the  villain 
Iachimo).  In  Shakespeare,  the  Briti.-h 
king  Cymheline  takes  the  place  assigned 
by  Boccaccio  to  the  sultan. 

Ziska  or  Zizka,  John  of  Trocznov, 
a  Bohemian  nobleman,  leader  of  the 
Hussites.  He  fought  under  Henry  V.  at 
Agincourt.  His  sister  had  been  seduced 
by  a  monk  ;  and  whenever  he  heard  the 
shriek  of  a  catholic  at  the  stake,  he  called 
it  "his  sister's  bridal  song."  The  story 
goes  that  he  ordered  his  skin  at  death  to 
be  made  into  drum-heads  (1360-1424). 

*,,*  Some  say  that  John  of  Trocznov 
was  called  "  Ziska  "  because  he  was  "  one- 
eyed  ;  "  but  that  is  a  mistake — Ziska  was.  a 
family  name,  and  does  not  mean  "one- 
eyed,"  either  in  the  Polish  or  Bohemian 
language. 

For  ever)'  page  of  paper  shall  a  hide 
Of  yours  be  stretched  as  pamnenl  on  a  druni 
Like  Ziska'i  skin,  to  beat  alarm  to  all 
Kefractory  vassals. 

Byron,  Werner.  L  (183-J). 
But  be  it  as  it  Is,  the  time  may  come 
His  name  [A'apoleon'ii  shall  beat  th"  alarm  like  Ziska* 
drum. 

Byron,  Age  of  Bronze,  t>    (1819). 

Zobeide  [Zo-bay'-dc],  half-sister  of 
Amine.  She  had  two  sisters,  who  were 
turned  into  little  black  dogs  by  way  of 
punishment  for  casting  Zobeide  and  "  the 
prince "  from  the  petrified  city  into  the 
sea.  Zobeide  was  rescued  by  the  "fairy 
serpent,"  who  had  metamorphosed  the 
two  sisters,  and  Zobeide  was  enjoined  to 
give  the  two  dogs  a  hundred  lashes  every 
day.  Ultimately,  the  two  dogs  were  re« 
stored  to  their  proper  forms,  and  married 
two  calenders,  "  sons  of  kings  ; "  Zobeidfl 
married  the  caliph  Haroun-al-Kaschid ; 
and  Amine  was  restored  to  Amin,  the 
caliph's  son,  to  whom  she  was  already 
married. — Arabian  Nights  ("History  of 
Zobeide"). 

While  the  caliph  was  absent  from 
Bagdad,  Zobeide  caused  his  favourite 
(named  Fetnab)  to  be  buried  alive,  for 
which  she  was  divorced. — Arabian Nighti 
("  Ganem,  the  Slave  of  Love  "). 

Zohak,  the  giant  who  keepf  the 
"mouth  of  hell."  He  was  the  fifth  of 
the  Pischdadian  dynasty,  and  was  a  lineal 
descendant  of  Shedad  king  of  Ad.  He 
murdered  his  predecessor,  and  invented 
both  Haying  men  alive  and  killing  theru 


ZOHARA. 


1132 


ZULZUL. 


by  crucifixion.  The  devil  kissed  him 
on  the  shoulders,  and  immediately  two 
serpents  grew  out  of  his  back  and  fed 
constantly  upon  him.  He  was  dethroned 
by  the  famous  blacksmith  of  Ispahan', 
and  appointed  by  the  devil  to  keep  hell- 
gate.— D'Herbelot,  Bibliotheque  Orientate 
(1697). 

Zohara,  the  queen  of  love,  and  mother 
of  mischief.  When  Hariit  and  Marut 
were  selected  by  the  host  of  heaven  to  be 
judges  on  earth,  they  judged  righteous 

1'udgment  till  Zohara,  in  the  shape  of  a 
ovely  woman,  appeared  before  them  with 
her  complaint.  They  then  both  fell  in 
love  with  her  and  tried  to  corrupt  her, 
but  she  flew  from  them  to  heaven ;  and 
the  two  angel-judges  were  for  ever  shut 
out. 

The  Persian  Magi  have  a  somewhat 
similar  tradition  of  these  two  angels,  but 
add  that  after  their  "fall,"  they  were 
suspended  by  the  feet,  head  downwards, 
in  the  territory  of  Babel. 

The  Jews  tell  us  that  Shamhozai,  "the 
judge  of  all  the  earth,"  debauched  him- 
self with  women,  repented,  and  by  way 
of  penance  was  suspended  by  the  feet, 
head  downwards,  between  heaven  and 
earth. — Bereshit  rabbi  (in  Gen.  vi.  2). 

Zohauk,  the  Nubian  slave ;  a  dis- 
guise assumed  by  sir  Kenneth. — Sir  W. 
Scott,  The  Talisman  (time,  Richard  I.). 

Zoilos  (in  Latin  Zoilus),  a  gram- 
marian, witty,  shrewd,  and  spiteful.  He 
was  nicknamed  "  Homer's  Scourge " 
(Homero-mastix),  because  he  assailed  the 
Iliad  and  Odyssey  with  merciless  severity. 
He  also  flew  at  Plato,  Isoc'rates,  and 
other  high  game. 

The  Sword  of  Zoilos,  the  pen  of  a  critic. 

Zoilus.  J.  Dennis,  the  critic  whose 
attack  on  Pope  produced  The  Bunciad, 
was  so  called  (1657-1733). 

Zoleikha  (3  syl.),  Potiphar's  wife. 
— Sale,  Al  Koran,  xii.  (note). 

Zone.  Tennyson  refers  to  the  zone 
or  girdle  of  Ori'on  in  the  lines : 

Like  those  three  stars  of  the  airy  giant's  zone. 
That  glitter  burnished  by  the  frosty  dark. 

The  Prince*,  v.  (1830). 

Zophiel  [Zo.fel],  "of  cherubim  the 
swiftest  wing."  The  word  means  "  God's 
spy."  Zophiel  brings  word  to  the  heavenly 
host  that  the  rebel  crew  were  preparing  a 
>econd  and  fiercer  attack. 

lophlel,  of  cherubim  the  swiftest  wing. 
Came  flying,  and  in  miil-air  aloud  thus  cried  : 
"Arm.  warriors,  arm  for  fight." 

Milton,  Vuradue  Lott,  rt.  S36  (1665). 


Zorai'da  (3  syl.),  a  Moorish  lady, 
daughter  of  Agimora'to  the  richest  man 
in  Barbary.  On  being  baptized,  she 
had  received  the  name  of  Maria ;  and, 
eloping  with  a  Christian  captive,  came 
to  Andalusi'a. — Cervantes,  Bon  Quixote, 
I.  iv.  9-11  ("  The  Captive,"  1605). 

Zorphee  (2  syl.),  a  fairy  in  tht 
romance  of  Amadis  de  Gaul  (thirteenth 
century). 

Zosimus,  the  patriarch  of  the  Greek 
Church.— Sir  W.  Scott,  Count  Robert  of 
Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Zounds,  a  corrupt  contraction  of 
"his  wounds,"  as  zooks  is  "his  hooks," 
and  z'death  "his  death."  Of  course,  by 
"his"  Jesus  Christ  is  meant.  "Odd 
splutter"  is  a  contraction  of  Gots  plut  und 
hur  nails  ("  God's  blood  and  the  nails  "). 
Sir  John  Perrot,  a  natural  son  of  Henry 
VIII.,  was  the  first  to  use  the  oath  of 
"God's  wounds,"  which  queen  Elizabeth 
adopted,  but  the  ladies  of  her  court 
minced  it  into  zounds  and  zouterkins. 

Zulal,  that  soft,  clear,  and  delicious 
water  which  the  happy  drink  in  para- 
dise. 

"  Ravishing  beauty,  universal  mistress  of  hearts,"  re- 
plied I ;  "  thou  art  the  water  of  Zulal.  I  burn  with  the 
thirst  of  lore,  and  must  die  if  you  reject  me." — Comte 
de  Caylus,  Oriental  Tale*  ("  The  Basket,"  1743). 

Zuleika  [Zu.lee' ,kah],  daughter  of 
Giaffer  [Bjaf.fir]  pacha  of  Aby'dos. 
Falling  in  love  with  Selim,  her  cousin, 
she  flees  with  him,  and  promises  to  be  his 
bride  ;  but  the  father  tracks  the  fugitives 
and  shoots  Selim,  whereupon  Zuleika 
dies  of  a  broken  heart. — Byron,  Bride  of 
Abydos  (1813). 

Never  was  a  faultless  character  more  delicately  or  mora 
Justly  delineated  than  that  of  lord  Byron's  "Zuleika." 
Her  piety,  ber  intelligence,  her  strict  sense  of  duty,  and 
her  undeviating  lore  of  truth  appear  to  have  been  origin- 
ally blended  in  her  mind,  rather  than  Inculcated  by 
education.  She  la  always  natural,  always  attractive, 
always  affectionate ;  and  it  must  be  admitted  that  hef 
affections  are  not  unworthily  bestowed. — George  Ellis. 

Zulichium  (The  enchanted  princess 
of),  in  the  story  told  by  Agelastes  the 
cvnic,  to  count  Robert. — Sir  W.  Scott, 
Count  Robert  of  Paris  (time,  Rufus). 

Zulzul,  the  sage  whose  life  was  saved 
in  the  form  of  a  rat  by  Gedy  the  youngest 
of  the  four  sons  of  Corcud.  Zulzul  gave 
him,  in  gratitude,  two  poniards,  by  the 
help  of  which  he  could  climb  the  highest 
tree  or  most  inaccessible  castle. — Gueu- 
lette,  Chinese  Tales  ("Corcud  and  His 
Four  Sons,"  1723). 


APPENDICES. 


LIST   OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 


A. 

= 

.^krpieee. 

fi. 

o 

Burlesque 

B.C. 

= 

Burlesque  comedy. 

B.O. 

= 

Burlesque  opera. 

P..T. 

= 

Burlesque  tragedy 

Bd. 

b 

Ballad. 

Bd.F. 

= 

Ballad  farce. 

lkl.O. 

= 

Ballad  opera. 

1U. 

:= 

Ballet. 

lllta. 

= 

Burletta. 

C. 

S 

Comedy. 

CD. 

= 

Comic  drama. 

C.H. 

=r 

ComSdie  historique. 

CO. 

= 

Comic  opera. 

Cdta. 

— 

Comedietta  or  comtdetta. 

Cl.C. 

= 

Classical  come  ly. 

Cl.Cdta. 

= 

<  lassical  comedietta. 

ci.n. 

— 

Classical  drama. 

C1.P1. 

ES 

Classical  play. 

CUT. 

B 

Classical  tragedy. 

Ct.K. 

b 

Court  entertainmeid. 

ct.s. 

s 

Court  show. 

d 

= 

Drama. 

D.E. 

= 

Dramatic  entertainment. 

i). ii. 

= 

Drama  historique. 
Dramatic  novel. 

D.N. 

= 

D.Pc. 

s 

Dramatic  piece. 

I).  I'm. 

s 

Dramatic  poem. 

D.K. 

= 

Dramatic  romance. 

D.& 

:= 

Dramatic  satire. 

Dom.D. 

= 

Domestic  drama. 

E. 

B 

Entertainment. 

F. 

= 

Farce. 

F.C. 

= 

Farce  comedy. 

Py.C. 

B 

Fairy  comedy 

U.E.Mel.S.- 

Grand  Eastern  melodramatic 

spectacle. 

O.O.  R. 

= 

Grand  operatic  romance. 

H.C. 

B 

Historic  comedy. 

H.I/. 

— 

Historic  drama. 

11. PL 

= 

Historic  play. 

H.R. 

_= 

Historic  romance. 

II.T. 

= 

]lirtoric  tragedy. 

He.Pl. 

= 

Heroic  play. 

Jnt. 

B 

Interlude. 

ID. 

= 

Irish  drama. 

L.D. 

S 

Lyrical  drama. 

L.PL 

= 

Lyrical  play. 

If. 

= 

Masque. 

Mel. 

= 

Melodrama. 

Mcl.O. 

= 

Melodramatic  opera. 

Mel.R. 

= 

Melodramatic  romance. 

Mu.C. 

a 

Musical  comedy. 

Mu.D. 

=s 

Musical  drama. 

Mu.K. 

= 

Musical  entertainment. 

Mu.K. 

b 

Musical  farce. 

Mu.Pl. 

— 

Musical  play. 

Mu.Sp. 
Mu.Tr. 

= 

Musical  spectacle. 

B 

Musical  trifle. 

Mvs. 

B 

Mystery. 

Myt.D. 

B 

Mythological  drama. 

N.Hlta. 

B 

Nautical  burlitta. 

N.C.C 

=; 

.\autical  comic  opera. 

N.C.OpU 

et 

Nautical  comic  operetta 

N.D. 

=: 

Xati  tical  drama. 

N.O. 

B 

Nautical  opera. 

N.l'I. 

B 

Xautical  play. 

0. 

— 

Oj>cra. 

O.Bf. 

= 

Opera  boufTe. 

O.IHtA. 

:= 

Opt ratie  burUtta. 

o.c. 

= 

opera  comique. 

O.D. 

— 

Operatic  drama. 

O.K. 

B 

Operatic  entertainment 

O.Ex. 

— 

Operatic  extratagansa. 

OF. 

= 

operatic  farce. 

Op.C. 

= 

operatic  conudy. 

Opia. 

— 

Operetta. 

Or. 

z= 

Oratorio. 

P. 

B 

I'astoral. 

P.O. 

= 

Cast  oral  opera. 

PI. 

B 

1 'lay. 

Pn. 

— 

Pantomime. 

Pn.P.1. 

B 

Pantomimic  lallet. 

Pr.C. 

s 

Prize  comedy. 

Pr.T. 

B 

Prize  tragedy. 

lt.C. 

= 

Petit  comedy. 

Pi.Tc. 

— 

1'.  tit  piece. 

K.D. 

s 

Romantic  drama. 

K.T. 

— 

Romantic  tragedy. 

S.I). 

— 

Sacrcl  drama. 

ST. 

— 

Sacred  tragedy. 

Sat.C. 

— 

Satiric  comedy. 

Sat.D. 

B 

Satiric  dranai. 

Sen.D. 

— 

Stnsational  drama. 

T. 

= 

Trage-ly. 

T.C. 

B 

Traiji-comedy. 

T.L. 

=: 

Tragedie  lyrique. 

TO. 

= 

Tini/td, -opera. 

V. 

B 

■  rille. 

• 

— 

Cr.k-non-n. 

Etc 

= 

With  some  other  author 

a  ulhors. 

lot" ithslanding  tlie  length  of  this  list,  there  are  some  dramatic  pieces  very  difficult  to  classify. 


APPENDIX  I. 


AUTHORS  AND  DATES  OF  DRAMAS  AND  OPERAS. 


If  any  discrepancy  is  observed  between  the  dates  given  in  this  list  and  those  in  the  body  of  the 
book,  the  dates  here  given  are  to  be  preferred.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  date  of  .~om* 
plays  is  purely  conjectural,  and  can  be  assigned  only  approximately ;  and  in  not  a  few  instance* 
authorities  differ.    Great  labour  has  been  bestowed  on  this  list  to  make  it  trustivorthy. 


Abdelazer  or  The  Moor's  Revenge,  1670,  Mrs. 

Behn.    C. 
Abel,  18th  cent.,  Alfleri.    T.O. 
Abroad  and  at  Home,  1764-1817,  Holman.    CO. 
Absalon,  1590,  I'eele.    T. 
Accomplices  (The),  about  1790,  Goethe.    C. 
\chille  in  Sciro,  1736,  Metastasio.    0.  (written  in 

eighteen  days  ;  music  by  Leo). 
Acis  and  Galatea,  1683,  Campistron.    0.  (music 

by  Lulli). 
Acis  and  Galatea,  1735,  Handel.     O. 
Adelaide  du  Guesclin,  1734,  Voltaire.    T. 
Adelgitba,  1806,  Lewis.     PL 
Adelmorn  or  The  Outlaw,  1801,  Lewis.   D. 
Adherbal,  1687,  Lagrange.     T. 
Adopted  Child,  *  Birch.    Mu.D. 
Adriano  in  Siria,  1731,  Metastasio.      O.  (music 

by  Caldara). 
Adrienne  Lecouvreur,  1849,  MM.  I>cgouve  and 

Scribe.    C. 
JEsop,  1697,  Vanbrugh  (borrowed  from  Bour- 

sault's  Ksope,  1696). 
Africaine  (//),  1865,  Meyerbeer.    O. 
Africans  ('Ho),  1K0H,  Colnian.      PI. 
After  Dark,  19th  cent.,  Boucicault. 
Agamemnon,  1566,  Studley.    T.  (Seneca's  play 

done  into  English). 
Agamemnon,  173*,  Thomson.     T. 
Agamemnon,  printed  17s3,  Alfleri.    T. 
Agesilas,  1666,  Corneille.    T. 
Agis,  1758,  Home.    T. 
Agis  (Agidc).  printed  1783,  Alfleri.     T. 
Agnes  de  Vere,  1834,  Buckstone. 
Agnese,  about  1H20,  Paer.     O. 
Agreeable  Surprise,  1798,  O'Keefe.    C. 
Ah!   que    1' Amour  est  Agre-able  I    1862,  Dela- 

porte.    C. 
Aladdin,  1824,  Bishop.    0. 
Alarcos,  1839,  Disraeli.    T. 
Alarming  Sacrifice,  about  1849,  Buckstone.    F. 
(Vlbumazar,  1634,  B.  (a  comedy). 
Alceste,  1690,  Lagrange.    T. 
Alceste,  l769,Glllck.    0.  (libretto  by  CalzabigO. 
Alchemist  (The),  1610,  Jonson.    C.  (altered  into 

The  Tobacconist'). 
Altibf.idc,  ios8,  Cumpistron.    T. 


Alcibiades,  1675,  Otway.    T. 

Alessandro  nell'  Indie,  1729,  Metastasio.     0. 

Alexander    and    Campaspe,   etc.,    1583,    Lyly. 

Myt.D. 
Alexander  the  Gnat  (second  title  of  Tlie  ICival 

Queens),  1678,  Lee,    T. 

Alexandre,  1665,  Racine.     T. 
Alexina.  ISOli,  know  Irs.      PI, 

Alfonso  King  of  Castile,  1801,  Lewis.    H.l'l. 
Alfred,  1724,  Ann-  or  his  pupil  Bunicy.     0. 
Alfred,  1778,  Home.     H.l'l. 
Alfred  or  The  Roast  Beef  of  Old  Kngland.  1710, 

J.  Thomson  and  Malloch.     M. 
Ali  Baba,  1833,  Cherubini.    O. 
Aline  Keine  de  Golconde,  1767,  Sedaine.     U. 
All  VuuU,  1605,  Chapman.    C. 
All  for  Fame,  iso7.  Cherry.    C. 
All   for   Love   or   the   World   Well   Lost,   167S, 

Dryden.    T. 
All  for  Money,  1578,  Lupton.     T.C. 
All  in  the  Wrong,  1761,  Murphy.     C. 
All   is   Vanity  or  The  Cynic's  Defeat,*  Alfred 

Thompson.    Cl.Cdta. 
All  the  Woi  id's  a  Stage,  *  Jackman.    F. 
All's  Well  that  Ends  Well  1598,  Shakespeare.   C. 
Almansor.     (See  "Conquest  of  Granada.' ') 
Almeria,  1698,  Handel.    O. 
Almeyda  Queen  of  Grenada,  1796,  Miss  Lee.  T. 
Alonzo,  177;:.  Borne.    T. 
Alphonsus  King  of  Arragon,  posthumous  1594. 

Grone.    C. 
Alsatia  {The  Squirt  of).  1688,  ShadweD,  C.  (often 

called  The  Gentleman  qfAUatia). 
Alzire,  1736,  Voltaire.    T.  (done  Into  Knglish  by 

Hill,  AlMira,  17:. m. 
Amadis  de  Grece,  1704,  Lamotte.    0. 
Amant  Difficile  (&'),  1Mb  cut.,  Lamotta    C, 
Aniant  Jaloux  (/.'),  1778,  Gretry.    O. 
Amants  Magniflques,  1670,  MoUere.    C. 
Amaais,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.    T. 
Ambassadrice,  1837,  Scribe.    O.C. 
Ambitious  Stepmother  (The),  I6t>8,  Rowe.    T. 
Ambitious  Vengeance,  18th  cent.,  Merry. 
Amelia,  1768,  Cumberland.    (This  is  The  Am* 

wer's  Tale  cut  down  into  an  afterpiece.) 
Amends  for  Ladies.  1618.  Field.    C 


1136 


APPENDIX  I. 


American  Cousin  (Our~),  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor 

and  Sothern.     C. 
Americans  (The),  about  1770,  Arnold.    0.  (music 

by  Braham). 
Ami  de  la  Maison,  1772,  Marmontel.    0.  (music 

by  Gretry).  . 

Amoroso  King  of  Little  Britain,  1818,Planche.  C. 
Amorous  Bigot,  1690,  Shad  well.    C. 
Amorous  Warre,  1648,  Muvne.    C. 
Amour  (/,')  et  l'Opinion,  1731-1857,  Brlfaut.  C. 
Amour  Medecin,  1665,  Moliere.    C. 
Amours  do  I  liable,  1852,  St.  Georges.    O.C. 
Amphitryon,  ioo8,  Moliere.    C. 
Amphitryon,  1690,  Dryden.     C. 
Amphitryon,   L781,  Sedaine.     0.     (See  "Jack 

Juggler.") 
Amphitryon,  1782,  Andneux.    C. 
Anacreon,  1706,  Sedaine.    CO. 
Anacreon,  1832,  Cherubini     O. 
Anaximandre,  1782,  Audrieux.    C. 
Andrew  of  Hungary,  1839,  Landor.    T. 
Anuria,  before  1530,  Anon.    C.  (Terence's  play 

d»ne  into  English). 
Andrumaque,  1667,  Racine.  T.   (See  "  The  Dis- 

tressed  Mother."! 
Andromaque,  1683,  Campistron.    T. 
Andronic,  I6s6,  Campistron.    T. 
Angelica.  1722,  Metastasio.    0.  (music  by  Por- 

pora). 
Anglais  a  Bordeaux  (/,'),  18th  cent.,  Favart.  O.C. 
Anglomane,  1752,  Saurin.     C. 
Animal  Magnetism,  1785,  Inchbald.    F. 
Anna  Bolena,  1830,  Donizetti.     0. 
Anna  Boleyn,  about  l«80,  Banks.    T. 
Anne  Boleyn,  1821,  Milman.    T. 
Annette  et  Lubin,  18th  cent.,  Favart.    O.C. 
Ano  Despuea  de  la  Boda,  1825,  Gil  y  Zarate. 
Antidote  (The),  posthumous  1805,  Alfieri.     C. 

(on  mixed  governments). 
Antigone,  1633,  Rotrou.    Cl.D.  (imitated  from 

the  Antigoni  of  Sophocles). 
Antigone,  17*3,  Alfieri.    T. 
Antiochus  et  Cleupatre,  1717,  Deschamps.    T. 
Antipodes,  1638,  Brome.    C. 
Antonio  and  Mellida,  1602,  Marston.    T. 
Antonio  or  The  Soldier's  Return,  1801.  Godwin. T. 
Antonio's  Revenge,  1602,  Marston.    T. 
Antony,  1590,  lady  Pembroke.    T. 
Antony,  1831,  Dumas.    T. 
Antony  and  Cleopatra,  1608,  Shakespeare.    T. 

(See  "  Cleopatra.'') 
Appearance  is  Against  Them,  *  Anon.     F. 
Appius  and  Virginia,  1574,  R.  B— .    T.C. 
Appins  and  Virginia,  1654,  Webster.    T.    (See 

"  Virginia.") 
Apprentice  (The),  1751  or  1756,  Murphy.    F. 
Arab  (YVu:),  1783,  Cumberland.    T. 
Arden  of  Feversham,  1592,  Anon.    H.T.  (altered 

in  1739  by  Lillo). 
Argalus    and    Parthenia,    about     1620,     Glap- 

tliorne.    PI. 
Ariane,  1672,  T.   Comeille.    T. 
Aristodemus,   1825,  Monti.    T.  (rendered   Into 

French,  1854,  by  DuplissiB). 
Ari-tumene,  1749,  MarmonteL    T. 
Armida,  1777,  QlUck.    0.  (libretto  by  Calzabigi). 
Arminius,  1684,  Campistron.     T. 
Arminius,  1798,  Murphy.    T. 
Armourer  (the),  1793,  Cumberland    CO. 
Aioiourer  of  Nantes,  1^63,  Balfe.     O. 
Arrab  na  Pogue,  19th  cent..  Boucicault.     l.D. 


Arraignment  of  Paris,  1584,  Peelo.    Ct.S.  or  M. 

Artaserse,  before  1730,  Metastasio.    0. 

Artaxerxes,  1762,  Ame.    O 

Artaxerxes,  1831,  l)orn.    O. 

Artemire,  1720,  Voltaire.    T. 

Artifice,  1721,  Centlivre.    C. 

As  You  Like  It,  1600,  Shakespeare.  C.  >The 
quarry  of  this  play  was  Lodge's  novel  caUt** 
Rosalynde,  1590.) 

Asdrubal,  1647,  Jacob  Montfleury.    T. 

Assignation  (The),  1672,  Dryden.     C. 

Assignation  (The),  1807,  Miss  Lee.    C 

Assommoir  (/.'),  1878,  Zola.  D.  (See" Drink .•) 

At  Home,  1818,  C.  Mathews.     E. 

Athalia,  1733,  HandeL    Or. 

Athalia,  1844.  Mendelssohn.    O. 

Athalie,  1690,  Racine,    T. 

Atheist's  Tragedy  (  The),  1 7th  cent.,  Tourneur.  T. 

Athelwold,  1732,  Hill.     T. 

Athelwold,  1842,  W.  Smith.     T. 

Atlienais,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.    T. 

Athenian  Captive,  1838,  Talfourd.    C1.P1. 

Atonement  or  Branded  for  Life,  1863,  Muskerry. 
D.  (1*3  Miserable*  of  Victor  Hugo  drama- 
tized). 

Atlila,  1667,  Comeille.    T. 

Attila,  19lh  cent.,  Verdi.     O. 

Attilio  Regolo,  1740,  Metastasio.    O. 

Atys,  1780,  Piccini.    O. 

Aucfatndrane.    (See  "  Ayrshire  Tragedy.") 

Auction  of  Pictures,  18th  cent.,  Foote.     K. 

AngUStO  (//),  1605,  Amore.    T. 

Aurellano  in  Palmira,  1814,  Rossini.     0. 

Aurengzebe,  1675,  Dryden.     He.Pl. 

Author  (The),  1757,  Koote.     F. 

Avant,  Pendant,  et  Apres,  before  1822,  Scribe.  V. 

Avare  (/.'),  1667,  Moliere.     C. 

Avocat  Patelin  (/.'),  1706,  De  Brueys.  F.  (Thia 
was  a  reproduction  of  a  comedy  attributed  to 
Blanchet,  who  died  1519;  but  Bouillet  says 
it  was  more  ancient  still.) 

Ayrshire  Tragedy,  1830,  sir  W.  Scott.    T. 


Babes  in  the  Wood,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Bague  de  Therese,  1861,  Carmouche.    C. 
Bajazet,  1672,  Racine.    T. 
Balder's  Dod,  1773,  Kvald  or  Ewald.     D. 
Ball  (The),  before  1642,  Shirley.    C. 
Ballo  in  Maschera  (Cn\  1861,  Verdi.    0. 
Banishment  of  Cicero,  1761,  Cumberland.    D.Pm. 
Banker's  Daughter  (The),  1879,  B.  Howard.    D. 
Bankrupt  (The),  18th  cent.,  Foote.     F. 
Barbaroaea,  1755,  Brown.    T. 
Barbler  de  Seville  (I^e),  1775,  Beaumarchais.    C. 
BarUere  di  Siviglia,  1780,  Paisiello.    0. 
Barbiere  di  Siviglia,   1816,  Rossini.    0.  (sir  H 

Bishop  altered  it). 
Barmecides  (Let),  1778,  Laharpe.    T. 
Barnwell.     (See  "George  Barnwell.") 
Barry  (Aide,  du),  1836,  Ancelot.     V. 
Bartholomew  Fayre,  1614,  Jonson.    C. 
Bashful  Lover,  1636,  Massinger.     C. 
Bashful  Man  (Tfie),  18th  cent.,  Moncrieff.   CD. 
Basil  (Count),  1798,  J.  Baillie.    T.  (the  paesioa 

of"  love"). 
Basset  Table,  1706,  CentlivTe.    C. 
Bastien  et  Bastlesne,  18th  cent.,  Favart.    O.C 
Battaile  de  Danes,  1851,  Scribe  and  Legonve.  C 
Battle  of  Alcazar,  1594,  Peele.    T. 
Battle  of  Hastings,  1778,  Cumberland.      T. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1187 


Battle  of  Hermann,  19th  cent.,  Kleiat.    H.D. 
Battle  of  Hexham,  1789,  Colman.    C. 
Buttle  of  Sedgmoor,  about  1675,  duke  of  Buck- 
ingham.    F. 
Bear-Hunters,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Beatrice  di  Tenda,  1833,  Bellini.     0. 
Beau's  Duel,  1703,  Centlivre.    C 
Beauty,  1616,  Jonson.    C. 
Beaux'  Stratagem,  1707,  Farquhar.     C. 
Becket.     (See  "  Thomas  a  Becket.") 
Beggar    of    Bethual  Green,  1834,  Knowles.     C. 

(See  "  Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green.") 
Beggars'  Bush,   1622,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 

1616).     C. 
Beggar's  Opera,  1727,  Gay.    CO.  (music  by  Lin- 
ley.    Dr.  Pepusch   adapted  music  to  this 

opera). 
Belisaire,  1645,  Rotrou.    T. 
Belisarius,  1757-1823,  Kernble. 
Bellamere  Earl  of  Carlisle,  **    T. 
Belle  Arsene  (Ixi),  1775,  Favart.    O.C.  (music 

by  Monsigny). 
Belle  Helene  (Iji),  1865,  OlTeiibach.    O.C. 
Belle's  Stratagem  (The),  1780,  Mrs.  Cowley.     C. 
Bells   (T/ie),  1874,  Erckmann-Chatrian,  adapted 

from  Tfie  1'olish  Jew  (q.v.). 
Belphegor,  1856,  C.  Webb  and  L.  Buckingham. 

D.  (translated  from  the  French  of  Dennery 

and  Fournier). 
Belsha/.zar,  1821,  Milman.     Cl.D. 
Benevolent  Tar  (The),  *  Cross.     Mu.B. 
Benyowski,  1811,  Kotzebue.    (The  English  ver- 
sion is  called  The  Virgin  of  the  Sun.) 
Berenice,    1670,    Racine.      T.    (the     hero    and 

heroine  meant  for  Louis  XIV.  and  Henrietta 

of  England). 
Bertram,    1816,    Maturin.     T.    (copyright   was 

£525). 
Bertrand  et  Raton,  1 833,  Scribe.    C. 
Betsy,  1879,  Burnard  (from  the  French). 
Better  Late  than  Never,  before  1814,  Andrews.   C. 
Beverley,  1748,  Saurin.     1). 
Bianca,  1817,  Ingemann.     T. 
Bianca,  1859,  Balfe.     0. 
Bickerstaffs  Burying,  1710,  Ontlivre.     C. 
Bijou  1'erdu,  1855,  Adam.     Pt.Pc.  (libretto  by 

Deforges). 
Billy  Taylor,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Birth,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.     C. 
Birth  of  Merlin,  1662,  Rowley.     C. 
Biter  (7V).  1705,  Rowe.     C. 
Black    Domino,    1841,    an    English    version  of 

Scribe's  U  Domino  Noir,  1*37.    O.C. 
Black-Eyed  Susan,  1822,  Jen-old.    N.D. 
Black    Horse  (The),   lx>lore  1620,  Fletcher.     PL 

(See  "Paliemon  ami  Arcyte.") 
Black  Prince,  1669,  lord  Orrery.      H.P1. 
Blackness,  1616,  Jonson.     C. 
Blight.'d  Bring  (.11.  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Blind  Bargain,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Blind  Beggar 01  Alexandria,  1698,  Chapman.    PI. 
Blind  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green,  1659,  Day.   C. 

(See  "  Beggar  of  Bethnal  Green.") 
Blind  Girl,  1801,  Morion.     C. 
Bloody  Brother,  1639,  Beanmont  and  Fletcher.  T. 
Blot  on  the 'Scutcheon,  uithcent.,  K.  Browning.  T. 
Blue    Beard,    1797,   Sedaine.     CO.   (.music    by 

Gretry). 
Blue  Beard,  1798,  Cclman.    Mu.Sp.  (music  by 

Kellv). 
Boadicea,  1753,  Glover.    T. 


Bohemian  Girl,  1844,  Balfe.  0.  (burlesqued  by 
H.  J.  Byron  in  The  liohemian  Cyurl). 

Bohemian^  or  Rogues  oi  Paris,  1863,  .Stirling.  D. 

Bohemienne,  1863,  St.  Georges.    O.C. 

Boite  d'Argeiit,  1868.  DumasJUt,     C. 

Bold  Stroke  for  a  Husband,  1782,  Mrs.  Cow- 
ley. O. 

Bold  Stroke  for  a  Wife,  1717,  Ccntlivre.     C 

Bombastea  Furioao,  i79u,  Rhodes.    F. 

Bon  Fils,  1785,  Florian.     C. 

Bon  Menage,  1783,  Klurian.    C. 

Bon  Pere,  1783,  Florian.     C 

Bon  Ton,  1760,  Burgoyne.    C 

Bon  Ton,  1776,  Ganiek.  F.  (the  above  curtailed). 

Bondman  (The),  1623,  Mas.singer  and  Field.     T 

Bondman  {The),  1780,  Cumba  land. 

Bondman  (The),  i808-i87o,  Balfe.    0. 

Bonduca,  1647,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  T. 
(converted  by  Thomas  Sheridan  into  • 
spectacle). 

Bonne  Mere,  1784,  Florian.     C 

Both  well,  *  Ware.    D. 

Bourgeois  Gentilhomme,  1670,  Moliere.     C 

Bourgeoises  a-la-Mode,  1654,  Dancourt.    C 

Bourse  (La),  1856,  Ponsard.    K. 

liox  Lobby  Challenge  (The),  1794,  Cumberland.  C 

Box  and  Cox,  1764-1838,  .Morion.     F. 

Bradamante,  1580,  Gamier.    T. 

Braganza  (The  Huke  of),  17sc>,  Jcphson.     T. 

Bravo  (The),  1833,  Buckstone.  Mil.  (Cooper's 
novel  dramatized). 

Breach  of  Promise,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.    C 

Bride  (The),  1808,  Korner.     PI. 

Bride  of  Messina,  1803,  Schiller.     T. 

Bride's  Tragedy  (Vie),  1822,  Beddoea.     T. 

Brides  of  Aragon  (The),  1823.  Beer.     T. 

Brier  Cliff,  Is  12,  Corge  Morris.     D. 

Brighton.     (See  "  Saratoga.") 

Britannicus.  1669,  Racine.    T. 

Broken  Heart,  1633,  Ford.     T. 

Brother  Sam,  19th  cent.,  Oxenford,  Sothern,  an* 
Buckstone.    C. 

Brother  and  Sister,  1633,  Ford.     T. 

Brothers  (The),  before  1612,  Shirley.     PL 

Brothers  (n-),  1752,  Young.    T. 

Brothers  (  The),  1769,  Cutnl>crland.     C 

Brutus,  about  1690,  UlSS  B.  maid.     T. 

Brutus,  1730,  Voltaire.    T. 

Brutus  I Junius),  17s:i,  Altieri.     T. 

BrntUS  (Juniu.-).  1838,  Aiulrieux.     T. 

Brutus  i, Lucius  Junius),  1679,  Lee.     T. 

Brutus  (Lucius  Junius).  1784,  Duncombe.    T. 

Brutus  ( M.ircus),  1783,  Allien.     T. 

Brutus  and  Cassias,    1764-1811,  Chenler.     T. 

(See  ''Conspiracy  of  Brutus.") 
Brutusor  The  Kail  oi'  l'ar(|uiu,  ls20,  I'ayne.    T. 
Bubbles  of  the  Day,  1843,  Jerrold.    C 
Buffoon  (Sir  Bareulsi),  1633-1681,  Lacy.    C 
Bull.    (See  "John  Hull") 
Bury  Fair,  1689,  Bhadwell.    C 
Busiris,  1719,  Young.     T.  (.copyright  was  £84). 
Bossy  d'Ambols,  1603,  Chapman.     T. 
Busy  Body  (Th,\  1708,  Centlirre.    C. 
By  Royal  Conunand,  19th  cent.,  Stirling.    CO. 
Byron's  Conspiracy,  1604,  Chapman.    T. 


Cabal  and  Ixive,  1783,  Schiller.     T. 
Cadi  1>ujm'(/.),  1761,  Monsigny.    O.C 
Cellna  or  L'Enfantdn  Mystere,  laoo,  Gutlben 
de  l'ixerecourt.     Mel. 

4  o 


1138 


APPENDIX  I. 


Cain,  1822,  Byron.    Mys. 

Caio  Gracco,  1720,  Leo.    0.     (See  "  Gracchus.  ) 

Caius  Gracchus,  1815,  Knowles.     H.T. 

Caius  Gracchus,  1825,  Monti.     H.T.  (rendered 

into  French,  1854,  by  Duplissis). 
Caius  Marius,  1680,  Otway.     T. 
Calandria  (Ixi),  1490,  Bibbi.    C.  (the  first  Italian 

comedy). 
Calife  de  Bagdad,  1799,  Boieldieu.     0. 
Calisto,  about  1679,  Crowne.     M. 
Callistheue,  1780.  Piron.     T. 
Calypso,  1779,  Cumberland. 
Calypso,  1803,  Winter.     0.    (Sec  "  Gracchus."; 
Carxaraderie  (Iai),  1837,  Scribe.    C. 
CftO-btoea  (A'i/£),  1573,  Preston.     C. 
Cambyses,  before  1724,  Settle.     T. 
Camma,  1661,  I'.  Corneille.     T. 
Camp  (T/ie),  1780,  Sheridan.    Mu.D. 
Campaign  or  Love  in  the  East.  1783,  JepbaOB.  O. 
Campaspt".    (See  "  Alexander  and  Campaspe," 

"Cupid  and  Campaspe.") 
Caprices  of  a  Lover  (The),  1769,  Goethe.     C. 
Captain  (Th<),  1613,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  C. 
Captifs  (Us),  1635,  Kotrou.     C.  (imitated  from 

the  Captivi  of  Plantns). 
Captive  (The),  1769,  Blckerstait. 
Car.ictaeus,  1756,  Mason.     T. 
Caractacus,  l.su-t.  Bishop.     Pn.Bl. 
Caravanne  (Im),  1783,  Gretry.     O. 
Card  of  Fancy,  1601,  Greene.    C. 
Cardinal  (The),  1652,  Shirley. 
Careless  Husband  (The),  17U4,  Cihtxr.     C. 
Careless  Shepherdess  ( The),  1656,  T.  G[offe].  T.C. 
Carlos  (IXm),  1676,  Ot«ay.     T. 
Carlos  (Don),  1787,  Schiller.     T. 

Carmelite  (The),  1785,  Cumberland.     T. 

Carnival  of  Venice,  1781,  Tlckell.    CO. 

Cassandre,  1677-175*,  Ligrange.     O. 

Cassius,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.     T. 

Caste,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.     C. 

Castilian  (Tl*),  1844,  Talfourd. 

Castle  Spectre,  1797,  Lewis,     1)  R. 

Castle  of  Andalusia,  1798,  O'Kecfe.    CO. 

Castle  of  Sorento,  *  Heartwell.     llu.K. 

Castor  and  Pollux,  1770,  Bernard.    O. 

Catch  Him  Who  Can,  lsos.  Hook. 

Caterino  Conara,  1844,  Donizetti.    0. 

Catherine  Grey,  1837,  Balfe.    0. 

Catherine  of  Hellbroun,  1776-1811,  Kletst.    C. 

Catiline,  1822,  Croly.    T. 

Catiline's  Conspiracy,  1611,  Jonson.    T. 

Cato,  1713,  Addison.    T. 

Caton  d'Utique,    1715,   Dechamps.    O.  (music 
by  Vinci  and  by  Leo). 

Catone  In  Utica,  1726,  Metastasio.    T.  (music 
by  Leo). 

Catspaw,  about  1850,  Jerrold. 

Oe  qui  Plait  aux  Femmes,  1860,  Ponsard.    C. 

Cecchina(/.a\  17G0,  Piccini.     0. 

Cencl,  1819,  Shelley.    T. 

Cenerentola  (  La),  1817,  Rossini.    0. 

Chaine  (Vne),  1841,  Scribe.    C. 

Chalet  (l.e),   1834,   Adam.     O.C.   (libretto   by 

Scribe). 
Challenge  for  Beauty  (A),  about   1689,    H.  y- 

wood.     T.C. 
Clancys  (The),  1620,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 
1616).      C.   (altered  first  by  the  duke  of 
Buckingham,  and  then  by  Carrick,  into  a 
farce). 
Changement  d'Uniforme.  1836,  Pennery.      I). 


Chanson  de  Fortunio,  1861,  Offenbach.    O.Bf. 
Chaperon  Rouge  (Le),  1818,  Boieldieu.    0. 
Chapter  of  Accidents  (The),  1780,  Miss  I>ee.    G 
Charlatanisme  (U),  before  1822,  Scribe.    Pt.Pc 
Charles  I.,  1750,  Havard.     H.D. 
Charles  I.,  1828,  E.  Cobham  Brewer.     H.T. 
Charles  I.,  1830,  Miss  Mitford.     H.D. 
Charles  I.,  1853,  Gurney.    H.P1.    (See  "Crom- 
well.") 
Charles  I.,  1878,  Wills.    H.PL    (This  Is  the  play 

which  Irving  acted  in.) 
Charles    VI.,    1841,   Halevy.    0.   (libretto    by 

Itelavigue). 
Charles  VII.,  1831,  Dumas.    H.D. 
Charles  IX.,  17.89,  Cbenier.     H.D. 
Charles  XI 1.,  1*2G,  Planche.     H.D. 
Charles  le  Temeraire,  1814,  Guilbert  de  Fixer*. 

court.     D. 
Charlotte  Corday,  1850,  Ponsard.    T. 
ChjIWCl  a  St.  (Jermain,  1860,  Deslandes.     D. 
Chatelet  (Hde.  du),  about  1834,  Ancelot.    V. 
Cheats    ol    Scapin,    1677,    Otway.      F.    (from 
Moliere's  Fourberies  de  Scapin,  1671.     C). 
Chercheuse  l'Esprit  (La),   I8tb   cent.,   Favart. 

O.C. 
Chevalier  a-la-Mode,  1652,  Dancourt.    C. 
Chiend-Moniargi8(L«),1814,  Guilbert  dePlxere- 

court.     D. 
Chiens  du  Mont  St.  Bernard,  1838,  Antier.    T. 
Chill  of  Nature,  1753-1821,  InchLald.    D. 
Children  ol  the  Wood,  1815,  Morton.     0. 

i    Man,  1775,  Cumberland.    C. 
Chosroes,  1649,  Rotrou.    T. 
Christine,  1830,  Dumas.     H.Pl. 
Christine  a  Fontainebleau,  1829,  Soulie.    D.R. 
Christine  en  Suede,  1829,  Brault.     H.Pl. 
Christmas,  1616,  Jephson. 
Christophe  Glomb,  1815,  Guilbert  de  Pixer*. 

court.     D. 
Chronicle  History  of  Leir  King  of  Kngland,  1573, 
Anon.     H.Pl.    (This    was    the    quarry    of 
Shakespeare's  King  I-****-) 
Chrononhotonthologos,  1734,  Carey.     B.O. 
Old  (The),  1621,  Gudhelm  de  Castro.     T. 
Cid  (The),  1636,  Corneille.    T.  (an  adaptation  of 

the  above). 
China,  1639,  Corneille.    D.H. 
China's  Conspiracy,  1640,  T.  Cibber.    T.  (copy- 
right was  £13). 
Cinthia's  Revels.    (See  "  Cynthia's  Revels.*) 
Circassian's  Bride  (The).  1809,  Bishop.     O. 
Ciro  Riconosciuto,  1739,  Leo.    0. 
Citizen  (The),  1761,  Murphy.    F. 
Citizen  General  (The),  1793,  Goethe.     C 
City  Madam  (The),  1659,  Massinger.    0. 
City  Match,  1639,  Mayne.    C. 
City  Politics,  1672,  Crowne.     C. 
City  Wit  (The),  about  1640,  Brome.    C. 
City  of  the  Plague,  1816,  Wilson. 
Clandestine  Marriage,  1766,  Colman  the  Elder 
and  < iarrick.  C.(based  on  The  Talte  Concord, 
by  Townley,  1760). 
Clari,  the  Maid  of  Milan,  1822,  Payne.    Mu.D. 

(music  by  Bishop). 
Clavijo,  1774,  Goethe.     D. 
Clementina,  1774,  Kelly.     T. 
Clemenza  di  Tito,  1734,  Metastasio     0  (muste 

by  Leo). 
Clem  nza  di  Tito.  1791,  Moiart.    O. 
Cleomeni  a,  L692,  Drvden. 
Cleone,  1740.  Dodsley.    T 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1189 


Cleopatra,  1601,  Daniel.    T. 

Cleopatra,  177:),  acted  1775,  Allied.    T. 

Cleopatre,  1630,  Malret.    T. 

Cleopfttre,  1750,  Marmontel.    T. 

Cleopatre  Captive,  1650,  Jodelle.    T.    (Antony 

and  Cleopatra,  1608,  Shakespeare.    T.) 
Clitandre,  lb:'.?,  Corneille. 
Closerle  des  Genets  (Ixi),  1846,  Soulie.    D 
Clotilde,  1832,  Soulie.     T. 
Clyteninestra,  1823,  Beer.     T. 
Cockle.    (See  "Sir  John  Cockle  at  Court.") 
Cocu  Imaginaire,  1660,  Moliere.    C. 
Colinette  a  la  CuUr,  lath  cent..  Gretry.     0. 
Colleen  Bawn,  1860,  Boocicanlt.    C. 
Columbus,  1798,  Morton.     H.Pl. 
Comedienne  (Ixl),  1816,  Andrieux.     C. 
Comediens  (lyes),  1819,  Delavigne.    C. 
Comedy  of  Errors,  1593,  Shakespeare.     C.  (first 

mention  1598). 
Comical  Gallant,  1707,  Dennis.    C.    (This  is  The 

Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  by  Shakespeare, 

1596,  new  set.) 
Comical  Lovers  {The),  1671-1757,  C.  Gibber.    C. 

(copyright  was  £10  15s.). 
Comical  Revenge,  1664,  Etlierege.     C. 
Commissary  (Tine),  1765,  Foote.     F. 
Committee    (Th-),    1670,    Howard.     C.     (See 

"Hon-  st  Thieves.") 
Common  Conditions,  1576,  *     C. 
Complaint  of  Kosamond,  1562-1619,  Daniel.    T. 
Comte  d'Ory  (U),  1828,  Scribe.    O. 
Comtesse  d'Escarbagnas,  1672,  Moliere.    C. 
Coiuus,  1634,  Milton.    M.  (music  by  Lawes). 
Comus,  1738,  Arne.    O. 
Confederacy  (The),  1705,  Vanbrugh.    C. 
Confederates  (  The),  about  1720,  Breval.     Sat.D. 
Conquest  of  Granada,  1670,  Dryden.     He.I'l. 
Conrad,  1772,  Maguocavallo.     Pr.T. 
Conscience  or  The  Bridal  Night,  1823,  Haynes. 
Conscious  Lovers  (The),  1722,  Steele.    C. 
Oonseiller  Rapporteur  (Is),  1841,  Delavigne.  C. 
Conspiracy  (The),  1612-1690,  H.  Killigrew.    T. 
Conspiracy  (The),  17«9,  Jephson.     T. 
Conspiracy  of  Brutus,  1691,  Antoni.    T.    (See 

"Julius  C:esar.") 
Conspiracy  of  the  1'azzi,  1783,  Alfieri.     T. 
Constant  Couple  (The),  1700,  Farquhar.    C. 
Contes  de  la  Reine  de  Navarre  (l-es),  1S50,  Scribe 

and  Legouve. 
Contested    Election    (The),    19th    cent.,     Tom 

Taylor. 
Contract  (The),  1780,  T.  Franklin.    C. 
Contrivances  (The),  1715,  Carey.     Bd.O. 
Convivado  de    Piedra,    1626,   Tirso  de   Molino, 

whose  name  was  Tellez.     C.   (This  is  the 

original  of  all  the  Don  JuatU.) 
Cophte  (The  Grand),  1702.  Goethe.     C. 
Coquette  (Th-),  before  1766,  Molloy.     C. 
Coquette  du  Village,  1715,  Dufresny.     C. 
Coresus  et  Callirboe,  1696,  l.afosse.    T. 
Coriolan,  1781,  Laharpe.    T. 
Coriolanus,  1610,  Shakespeare.    T.    (See  "In- 

vader  of  His  Country.") 
Coriolanus,  Hi:,  Thomson.    T. 
Cornelia,  1 594,  Kyd.    T.  (from  Garnier's  tragedy 

Cornel lie). 
Cornelie,  1691,  Gamier.    T. 
Cornette  Janne,  1864,  Carmouche     C. 
Coronation  (The),  17th  cent.,  either  J.  Fletcher 

or  Shirley.     C. 
Oorsaire  (The),  1856,  Adam,     tt 


Corsican  Brothers,  1848,  Bondcanlt.    D. 

Cosa  Kara  (hi),  1786,  Martini.  0.  (The  Eng- 
lish version  is  called  TheSiegt  oj  Ldyradt.) 

Goal  Fan  Tutte,  1790,  Mosart.    0. 

Cosmo  de  Medici,  1 827,  Home,    T. 

Cnuni  Egmont,  1788,  < ;. »-t li--.    T. 

Count  of  Narbonne,  1765,  Jephson.  T.  (Wal- 
pole's  Cottle  o/  Otranta  dramatized). 

Countess  of  Salisbury,  17<;7,  Hartson.    T. 

Country  Attorney  ^  The),  1793,  Cumberland.    C. 

Country  Girl  (The),  17th  cent.,  Brewer.    C. 

Country  Girl  (The),  lsth  cent.,  Garrick.  C. 
(altered  from  The  Country  Wife,  by  Wy- 
cherly). 

Country  House,  1715.  Vanbrugh.     F. 

Country  Wife,  167;,,  Wycherly.  C  (See 
"The  Country  Girl.") 

Courageous  Turk,  1632,  Goff.     T. 

Courier  of  Lyons,  1852,  Stii  ling.     D. 

Couronne de  Bluets,  1836,  Houssaye. 

Court  Beggar  (The),  about  1640  Brume.    C. 

Courtley  Nice  (Sir),  ltw>,  Crowne.     C. 

Covivando  de  Piedra  Ivado,"  etc.) 

Coxcomb  (The),  posthumous  ioi7,  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher.    C. 

Cozeners  ('Tin),  about  1760,  Foote.    F. 

Creation  (Tut),  1798,  Haydn.    Or. 

Creusa,  1754,  Whitehead.    T. 

Crispin  Gentilhomme,  1640-1685,  Ant.  J.  Mont 
Beury.    C. 

Critic  (The),  1779,  Sheridan.  A.  ("Sir  Fret- 
ful Plagiary  "  is  meant  for  Cumberland.) 

Critique  (io),  1662,  Moliere.    C. 

Croeiato  in  Egiito  (//),  1825,  Meyerbeer.     O. 

Cromwell,  1827,  Victor  Hugo.  H.P1.  (Sen 
"Charles  1.") 

Cross  Purposes,  ls42,  O'Brien.     F. 

Grown  Diamonds,  1842  (English  version  ul 
Diamants  de  la  (oaronne,  q.v.). 

Cruel  Gift,  1707,  Centlivre. 

Crutch  and  Toothpick,  1*79,  Sims.     B. 

Cupid  and  Campaspe,  15S3,  Lyly.    L.D. 

Cupid  and  Psyche,  19ih  cent.,  M"  UUer.     I..D. 

Cupid's  Revenge,1615,Beaumontand  Fletcher,  0 

Cure  for  Romance,  1819,  Thomson,    C. 

Cure  for  the  Heartache,  1811,  Morton.    C. 

Cure  of  Saul,  1770,  Arnold.    0. 

Curfew  (Th,),  1770-lstM,  Tobin.     PI. 

Custom    of  the   Country,   posthumous    I6t7. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher.     T. 
Cutter  of  Coleman  Street,  1644,  Cowley.    C. 
Cymbeline,  1605,  Shakespeare.     T. 
Cymon,  1716-1779,  Garrick.    DJL 
Cymon  and  Ipbigeuia,  1631-1701,  Dryden. 
Cynthia's  Revels,  1600,  Jo-neon. 
Cyrus  Uie  tireat,  about  10J5,  Banks.     T. 


Daddy  O'Dowd,  loih  cent.,  Bondcanlt.    I.D. 
Daisy  Farm  (The),  1871,  II.  J.  Byron.    Dom  h 
Dame    Blanche   (La),   1829,    Boieldleu.     O.C 

(libretto  I 
Dame  Mededn  (La),  lcio-iess.  Ant.  J.  Mont- 

Beury.   C. 
Dame  Votlee,  1838,  Balfe,    0. 
Dame  aux  Camillas,  1848,  DumasJUt.    c. 
Dames  Capitaines  (Let),  1857,  Reber.    O. 
Damoiselle  a  Marier  (La\  before  i  ^22,  s<  ril*. 

l'l.l'c. 
Damon  and  Pythias,  1566,  Edwardea,    T.    (Sea 

"  lerrex  and  Pornx.  ") 


1140 


APPENDIX  I. 


Damon  and  Pythias,  1825,  Banim.    PL 
Daranes,  1743,  Hill. 

Darius,  1603,  published  1607,  lord  Stirling.     T. 
Dark    Glen    of   Ballyfoill    {The),    19th   cent., 

Stirling.     I.D. 
Daughter  (The),  1836,  Knowles.     D. 
Daughter  of  St.  Mark,  1844,  Balfe.     0. 
Daughter  of  the  Isles,  1861,  Leslie.    0. 
David,  1724-1803,  Klopstock.     T. 
David,  1834,  Neukomm.     Or. 
Days  of  Yore,  1796,  Cumberland.    C. 
De  Montfort,  1798,  Baillie.    T. 
De  Paris  a  Corbell,  etc.,  1854,  Demoliere.    C. 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  1785,  Holcroft.    1I.D. 
Death  Fetch,  1830,  Home.    D. 
Death  of  Adam,  1724-1803,  Klopstock.    T. 
Death  of  Marlowe,  1827,  Home.    T. 
Death  of  Nero,  1690,  Pechantre.    T. 
Death  of  Robert  Earl  of  Huntington,  In  two 

parts,    1601,   Hey  wood.     PL     (See  "  Robin 

Hood.")    (This  play  is  by  some  attributed 

to  Ant.  Munday  and  Chettle.) 
Debates  in  the  Police  Friend,  19th  cent.,  Herz.  V. 
Deburah,  1733,  Handel.    Or. 
Deformed  Transformed,  1821,  Byron.    D. 

Degel  (l.t),  1864,  SaidoU. 

Delinquent  {The),  1765-1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Dcmafooute,   1719,  Metastasio.    0.  (music  by 

Leo). 
Denietrio,    1731,    Metastasio.      0.    (music    by 

Caldara). 
Democrite,  1700,  Regnard.    C. 
Demophon,  1791,  CbernbinL    O. 
Dependant  {The),  1798,  Cumberland.     C. 
De.pit  Anioureux,  1654,  Moliere.    C. 
Der  Freischiitz,  1822,  Weber.    0.  (libretto  by 

Kind). 
Dervis  (U),  1811,  Scribe.    O. 
Deserted  Daughter,  1785,  Holcroft.     C.  (altered 

into  The  Steward). 
Deserter  {The),  1770,  Dibdin.    Mu.D.  (from  Le 

Deseriew). 
Deserteur  (U\  1769,  Sedaine.    CO.  (music  by 

Monsigny). 
Destruction  of  Jerusalem,  16S0,  Crowne.     T. 

(Milman    wrote   The    Fall   of  Jerusalem, 

1820.    Cl.T.) 
Deuce    is    in    Him 

Elder.    F. 

Deux  Amis  (lyes),  1770,  Beaumarcbais.     D. 
Deux  Aveugles  (Us),  1855,  Offenbach.    O.Bf. 
Deux  Billets  (Us),  1779,  Florian.     C. 
Deux   Homines  pour    un    Placard,   1860,  De- 

sarbres.     F. 
Deux  Journees,  1800,  Cherubini.    O. 
Deux  .Jumeaux  de  Bergame,  1781,  Florian.    C. 
Deux  Papas  Tres-Bien,  1845,  Labiche.    C. 
Deux    l'reccpteurs   (Us),   before    1822,  Scribe. 

Pt.Pc. 
Devil  an  Ass  (The),  1616,  Jonson.     C. 
Devil  of  a  Wile  (The),  17th  cent.,  Jevon. 
1  (evil  to  Pay  (  Th- ),  1731,  Coffey.     Bd.F. 
i  ')evil  upon  Two  Sticks,  1768,  Foote.    F. 
Devil's  Charter,  1607,  Barnes.     T. 
Devil's  Law-Case,  1613,  Webster. 
Devin  du  Village  (U),  1752,  words  and  music 

by  Rousseau.    Opta. 
Diablo  a  1'icole,  1842,  Boulanger.    CO. 
Dlable  i  Quatre  (I.e),  1756,  Sedaine.    CO. 
IHamants  de  la  Couronne  (Us),  1841,  .Auber. 

O.    (See  "Crown  Diamonds.") 


(The),   1763,  Colman    the 


Diane  et  Endymion,  1787,  Piccini.    0. 
Dido,  1734,  Reed.    T. 

Dido,  1783,  Marmontel.    O.  (music  by  Piccini). 
Dido  Queen  of  Carthage,   1594,  Marlowe  and 

Nash.    T. 
Dido  and  ^F.neas,  1657,  Purcell.     O. 
Didone    Abbandonata,    1724,    Metastasio.     O. 

(music  by  Sarro  and  by  Vinci). 
lMe  Zauberflote.     (See  "  Zauberflote.") 
Dieu  et  la  Bayadere,  1830,  Scribe.    0. 
Dinorah,  1859,  Meyerbeer.    0. 
Dioclesian,  1690,  Purcell.    O. 
Diogenes  and    His  Lantern,   19th  cent.,  Tim 

Taylor. 
Dionysius,    1748,    Marmontel.     T.    (Denyt    le 

Tyrant). 
Diplomat*-  (U),  1827,   Delavigne  and  Scribe. 

Pt.Pc. 
Disappointment  (The),  1684,  Sou'.herne.    C. 
Discarded  Son  (The),  1854,  Godfrey.     C     (This 

is  an  Knglish  version  of  Cn  His  de  Famille; 

see  "  The  Queen's  Shilling.") 
Discontented  Colonel,  1638,  Suckling.    C 
Discovery  (The),  1763,  Mrs.  Sheridan.    C 
Distrait  (U),  1697,  Regnard.    C 
Distressed    Mother    (The),    1712,   Philips.     T. 

(Racine's  tragedy  Andromaque  Anglicized). 
Divine  Olimpiade,  1719,  Metastasio.    O.  (musio 

by  Leo). 
Divorce  (The),  posthumous  1805,  Alflert.    C. 
Djengis  Khan  ou  LaConquete  de  la  Chine,  1837, 

Anicet  Bourgeois.    T. 
Dr.  Last  in  His  Chariot,  1769,  Foote  and  Bicker- 
staff.     F.  (based  on  U  Malade  Imaginaire, 

by  Moliere,  1673). 
Dr.  Magnus,  1864,  Cormon.    D. 
Dog  of  Montargis,  1815.    Mel.  (an  English  ver- 
sion of  the  Chien  de  Montargis,  of  Guilbert 

de  Pixerecourt).    (There  is  another  French 

drama,  called   U   Chien  d'Aubry,  on  the 

same  subject.) 
Doigts  de  Fee  (Us),  1858,  Scribe  and  Legouve. 

O.C 
Domino  Noir  (U),  1837,  Auber.     O.C.  (libretto 

by  Scribe).    (See  "  Black  Domino.") 
Don  Caesar  de  Bogan,  19th  cent.,  BoucicaulL 
Don  Carlos,  1676,  Otway.    T. 
Don  Carlos,  1787,  Schiller.    T. 
Don   Felix,   1714,  Centlivre.    C.  (same  as  Th4 

Wonder). 
Don  Garcia,  1785,  Alfieri.    T. 
Don  Giovanni,  1787,  Mozart.    0.  (libretto  by 

L.  da   Ponte).      Sir  H.  Bishop  recast   this 

opera.    (See  "Giovanni"  and  "Convivado.") 
Don  Juan,   1665,  Moliere.    C  (imitated  from 

the  Conviiado,  q.v.). 
Don  Juan,  1665,  GlUck.    O. 
Don  Juan,  1673,  Thomas  Corneille.     C.  (from 

the  Spanish  comedy  Convivado,  q.v.). 
Don  Juan,  1802,  Kalkbrenner.    0. 
Don  Juan  d'Autriche,  1835,  Delavigne.    C 
Don  Pasquale,  1843,  Donizetti.    0. 
Don  Pedre,  1857,  Cormon.    D. 
Don  Pedro,  1795,  Cumberland.     D. 
Don  Pedro  de  Portugal,  1828,  Gil  y  Zarate.    U. 
Don  Sebastian,  1690.  Dryden.     T. 
Don  Sebastiano,  1843,  Donizetti.    O.  (composed 

in  two  months). 
Donna  del  Lago  (Ui),  1821,  Rossini.     O. 
Dcx.m  of  Devorgoil,  1829.  sir  \V.  Scott.    PL 
Double  Dealer  (Tlie),  1694,  Congreve.    C 


DRAMAS,  OPEKAS,  ETC. 


1141 


Doublo  Falsehood,  1721,  Theobald. 

Double  Gallant,  1707,  (Jibber.  C.  (copyright  was 
£16  2*.  6<i.). 

Double  Marriage,  1017,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Double  Veuvage,  1701,  Dufresny.    C. 

Double  or  Quits.    (8ee  "  Quitte,"  etc) 

Douglas,  1756,  Home.  T.  (based  ou  the  tale  of 
<;il  Mori*  t  )■ 

Dragon  of  Wantley,  1715,  Carey.    B.O. 

Dragons  de  la  Heine,  1841,  Decourcelle.    C. 

Dragoons  {The),  1878,  Hersee.  (This  is  an  Eng- 
lish version  of  l>es  Dragons  de  YUUits,  a 
comic  opera  by  Maillart.) 

Drama  of  Kxile,  1850,  E.  B.  Browning. 

Dramatist  {The),  17G5-1S41,  Reynolds.    C. 

Dramcs  du  Cabaret,  1864,  Dumanoir.    D. 

Dream  at  Sea,  before  1838,  BucksVine.    Mel 

Dreams,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.     C. 

Drink,  1879,  C.  Read.  1).  (from  L'Assommoir,  by 
Mons.  /Sola,  1878). 

Druid  or  The  Vision  of  Fingal,  1815,  Thomson. 

Drummer  (77i«),  1715,    Addison.    C. 

Duchess  de  la  Valliere,  ls.iO,  Lytton.     T. 

Duchess  of  Guise,  1838,  Flotow.    0. 

Duchess  of  Malfy,  1023,  Webster.    T. 

Duenna  {The),  1775,  Sheridan.  Op.C.  (music 
by  Linley). 

Duke  of  Braganza,  1785,  Jephson.     T 

Duke  of  Guise,  1682,  Dryden.    T. 

Duke  of  Lerma,  *  Robert  Howard. 

Duke  of  Millaine,  1623,  Massinger.  T.  (imita- 
tion of  Shakespeare's  Othello). 

Duke's  Mistress,  1038,  Shirley. 

Dumb  Knight,  1633,  Machin. 

Dumb  Lady,  1622-1681,  Lacy.    C. 

Dundreary  Married  and  Done  for  (I/nd),  19th 
cent.,  H.  J.  Byron  and  Sothern.  C.  (See 
"  Lord  Dundreary.") 

Dupe  (The),  1705,  Mrs.  Sheridan.    C. 

Dupe.     (See  '•  Who's  the  Dupe:'") 

Duplicity,  17si,  Holcroft.    C. 

Dutch  Courtesan  {The),  1605,  Marston.     C. 


Earl  Godwin,  1796.  Anne  Yearsley.    T. 

Earl  of  l>sex,  1678,  Th.  Corneille.     T.  (Essex). 

Earl  of  Essex,  1090,  Hanks.     T. 

Earl  of  Essex,  1715,  Jones.     T. 

Earl  of  Huntingdon.  (See  "Death  of  Robert  . .  .") 

Earl  of  Warwick,  1707,  Dr.  T.  Franklin.    T. 

^See  '•  Wnru  uk.") 
Earl  of  Westmoreland,  1765,  H.  Brooke.     T. 
East  Indian,  1800,  Lewis.    C. 
Eastward   Hoe!    1005,   Jonson,  Chapman,  etc. 

Sat.D.  (to  ridicule  the  Scotch). 
Eccentric  Love,  1799,  Cumberland.    C. 
Echoet  tfarcisse,  i:ts.  Cluck.    O. 

Eclair.    (S, L'&claire.") 

Ecole.    (See  "  L'  cole.") 

E.ossaise   (/.'),    1701.    Voltaire.     C.   (in   which 
Freron  is  gibbeted). 

Edith,  before  1809,  Dounman.    T. 

Eilwanl  1..  1593,  Peele.     H.Pl. 

Edward  II.,  1692,  Marlowe.   H.T.  (Shakespeare's 
Richard  II.  is  In  imitation  of  it,  ir.'.tT.) 

Edward  IV.,  iu  two  parts,  17th  out.,  H.ywood. 
II.  11. 

Edward  and  Eleonoia,  1739,  Thomson.     T. 

Edward  the  Black  Prince,  1640,  Shirley      H.T. 

Edwin,  1678-1755,  Jefferys.    T. 

Edwir.  the  Fair,  1843,  Taylor.     11. D. 


Edwy  and  Elgiva.  1796,  Mde.  D'Arblay.    T. 

Egmont (County  i:^,  Goethe.    T. 

Ei.ivi,  1816,  Bishop.     0. 

Elder  Brother,  1637,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Elfrid  or  The  Pair  Inconstant,  1710,  Hill. 

Elfn.la,  1752,  M      in.      I  , 

Elfrida,  1866,  Balfe.    O. 

El  llyd.T,  *  Barrymore,    G.E.M.LS. 

Elijah,  1846,  Mendelssohn,    Or. 

I  Lisa,  1794,  ChernbinL    0. 

Blisca,  18th  cent.,  Gretry.     O. 

Elixir  d"  Amour  (/,'),  1815,  Donizetti.     O. 

Ellen  Wareham,  about  1834,  Buckstone.     D. 

(writaen  for  Mrs.  Yates). 
Elm-rick,  1739.  Lillo.     T. 
Elves  (77.C).  1835,  Heilierg.     Fy.C. 
Elvira,  1700,  Mallet.     T. 
Emilia  Galotti,  1772,  I.essing.     T. 
Emma,  19th  cent,  Hers.    D. 
Emma  di  Kesburgo,  1820,  Meyerbeer.    O. 
Emperiques  (/.es),  109s,  De  Brueys.    C. 
Emperor  of  the  East,  1638,  Anon. 
Empress  of  Morocco,  1648-1724,  Settle.    T. 
Enavant  lesChinolsl  L858,  Lankfae.    C. 
Enchantress  '  7Ve ).  19th  cent.,  l'.alfe.     O. 
Endimiohe,  1721,  Metastaato.     Mu.D. 
Endymion   and   the   Man    In   the   Moon,    1591. 

Lyly.     Myt.D. 
Enfant  du  Peuple  (Un),  1947,  Labrousse.     C. 
Enfantsd'Edouard  {Us),  1833,  Delavigne.  H.D. 
English  Fleet,  1739-1802,  Arnold.     Mu.D. 
English    Gentleman   {Tlie),   19th   cent.,    H.   J. 

Byron.    C. 
English  Merchant,  1767,  Colman.    C. 
English  Princess  or  Death  of  Richard  III.,  1712, 

'  Caryl.    T. 
English  Traveller  (7V),  1633,  Heywood.    T.C. 
Englishman  Id  Pans,  i"53,  Foots.    F. 
Englishman  returned  front  Paris,  1757,Footc.  F. 
Enrico  di  Borgogna,  1818,  Donlaetti.    0. 

Enseignement  MutueL  1846,  Nus.    C. 

Envies  de  Mde,  Godard,  1848, 1  ..rmouche.    C. 

Epichariset  Heron,  lT'.u,  Legouve.    T. 

Epicosne    or   The   Silent    Woman,    1009,    Jon- 
son. C. 

Epsom  Wells,  1673,  Shadwell.     C. 

Erigone,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.    T. 

E  Uc  VII.,  19th  o  tit.,  Boje.    T. 

Ertpbyle,  1732,  Voltaire.    T. 

Ermlna  »r  The  Chaste  Lady,  1670,  Flecknoe.  u. 

Ernani,  is:io,  Victor  Hugo.    K.T. 

Ernani,  1841,  Verdi.    O. 

Esclave  de  Camoens,  I  s  13,  !'l  itOW.     O. 

Esmeralda,    1833,   Victor   Hugo,     R.D.     (An 
English  version  by  BL  J.  Byron.) 

EsperTdT(GM  Orh),  1722, Metastaato.    0.(niuslc 
t>v  Porpora). 

Esprit  de  Contradiction,  1700,  Dufresny.    F. 

Essex.    (8ee"  Earl  of  Essex.") 

Esther,  1689,  Rat  h  e.    B.T. 

Esther,     1720,      Hand.  I      (first     performance 
1732).    Or. 

Bsnle  di  Granada,  18!  r.    O. 

.  1799,  Legouve,    T, 

Etoile   de    Nord    (i'\     ism,    Meyerbeer.    O. 
(libretto  by  Scribe). 

Etoile  de  Seville  (/.'\  1 9th  cent.. Balfe.   O. 
hs  (Let),  1788,  Andri. UX.     C. 

Eug.ne   Aram.    1831,   W.  O.    Wills.    D.  (lord 
Lytton'a  novel  dramatised). 

Eugenie,  1707,  rtrwumanihais.    D. 


1142 


APPENDIX  I. 


Eugenie,  One  Drama  of  a  Trilogy,  1749-1832, 

Goethe.    T. 
Euphosine  et  Coradin,  1790,   Hoffmann.    O.C. 

(music  by  Mchul). 
Euryauthe,  1825,  Weber.     0. 
Eurydice,  1731,  Mallet.     T. 
Evadne  or  The  Statue.  1819.  Sheil  (The  Traitor, 

by  Shirley,  1631,  reset). 
Evasion    de    Marie    Stuart,   1822,  Guilbert  de 

Pixerecourt.    D. 
J  vening  Love,  1631-1701,  Dryden. 
Every   Alan  in  His   Humour,   1596,  improved 

1598,    Jomx>n.      C.     (Garrick    reset    this 

comedy.) 
Every  Man  out  of  His  Humour,  1599,  Jonson    0. 
Every  One  has  His  fault,  1794,  luchbald.     C. 

(realized  £700). 
Exiles  of  Siberia,  1789,  Aude.    D. 
Extremes  or  Men  of  the  Day,  1859,  O'Rourke 

(i.e.  E.  Falconer). 
Ezio,  1728,  Mctastasio.    O. 


Facbcux  (O's),  1661,  Moliere.    C. 

Fair  Maid  of  the  Inn,  posthumous  1647,  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher.    C. 

Fair  Penitent  (The),  1703,  Rowe.    T. 

Fair  Quaker  of  Deal,  1617,  Ch.  ShadVell.  C 
(altered  by  Ed,  Thompson), 

Fair  Quarrel,  1617,  Middleton  and  Rowley.    C. 

Fair  Rosamond.     (See  "  Rosamond.") 

Faire  Maide  ol  the  Exchange,  1615,  Heywood. 

Faithful  Friend,  1617,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Faithful  shepherdess,  loin,  Fletcher.    P. 

Fallot' Jerusalem,  Isjo,  Mi  [man.  Cl.T.  (Crowne 
wrote,  in  1680,  Tim  Destruction  of  Jtiw- 
salem.    T.) 

Fall  of  l'ortugal,  1808,  Dr.  Wolcot  (Peter  Pin- 
dar).   T. 

Fall  of  Robespierre,  1794,  Coleridge.    T. 

Fall  of  the  Giants,  1763,  GlUck.     O. 

False  Concord,  1760,  Townley.  C.  (See  "Clan- 
destine Marriage.'") 

False  Delicacy,  1764,  Kelly.     C. 

False  Friend,  1672-1726,  Vanbrugh.     C. 

False  Impressions,  1796,  Cumberland.     C. 

False  One,  1619,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 
1616).    T. 

Falstaff,  1838,  Balfe.    0. 

Famille  Benoiton  (./-a),  1865,  Sardou.     D. 

Famille  Polsson  (Isi).  18th  cent.,  Poisson.    C. 

Famille  Renneville  (/.a),  1802,  Denioliere.    D. 

Famille  au  Temps  de  Luther  (Vne),  1836,  Dela- 
vigne.    T. 

Famille  de  Lusigny  (Im),  1830,  Soulie.     D 

Family  Legend,  1810,  Baillie.     T. 

Famous  Victories  of  Henry  V.  (The),  1578, 
Anon.  H.l'l.  (This  was  the  quarry  of 
Shakespeare's  Henry  Y.) 

Fanatico  per  la  Musics,  1799,  Mayer.    O. 

Fancies  Chaste  and  Noble,  1638,  Ford.     D. 

Far.isca,  1805,  Cherubini.     0. 

Farm- House  (The),  1757-1823,  Kemble.    F. 

Farmer  (The),  119%,  Shield.     O. 

Farmer's  Wife  (The),  1780,  Dibdin,  junior.    CO. 

Fashionable  Levites,  1752-1 S20,  Macnally.    C. 

Fashionable  Lover  (  The),  1772,  Cumberland.    C. 

Fata  Morgana,  1838,  Heiberg.     Fy.C. 

Fatal  Curiosity,  1736,  Lillo.     T. 

Fatal  Discovery,  176<>,  Home.    T. 

Fatal  Dowry.  1U3'J,  Massing  r  and  Field.     T. 


Fatal  Extravagance,  1730,  Mitchell.  T.  (altered 
by  Hill,  in  1746). 

Fatal  Love,  1648-1724,  Settle.    T. 

Fatal  Marriage,  1692,  Southerne.  T.  (Set 
"  Isabella  or  The  Fatal  Marriage.") 

Fatal  Revenge,  1807,  Maturin.     T. 

Fatal  Vision.  1716.  Hill.     T. 

Father  Baptiste,  19th  cent.,  Stirling.    D. 

Father's  Vengeance,  174»-la25,  earl  of  Car- 
lisle.   T. 

Faucon  (U),  1772,  Sedaine.  O.C.  (music  by 
Monsigny). 

Faussaires  Anglaises  (£«),  1833,  Connon.    D. 

Fausse  Magie  (Im,),  1775,  Marmontel.  O.  (music 
by  G  retry). 

Faust,  pt.  i.  1798,  il.  1828,  Goethe.  T.or  rathei 
a  dramatic  p<*m.  (B.  Bernard  produced  an 
English  version.) 

Faust  e  Margheiito,  1859,  Gounod.    0. 

Faustns  (Oi.),  1589,  Marlowe.     T. 

Favorita,  1843,  Donizetti.     O. 

Fazio,  1815,  Milman.    T. 

Fee  Urgele  (Im),  18th  cent.,  Favart.    O.C. 

Felnte  par  Amour  (Im),  18th  cent.,  Dorat.    C. 

Felix,  1777,  Sedaine.  O.C.  (music  by  Mon- 
signy). 

Felix  (Hon).    (See  "The  Wonder.") 

Felton  (John),  1852,  Stirling.    H.PI. 

Female  Dramatist,  1782,  Colman.    Mu.F. 

Final.  Officer,  1757-1823,  Kemble.    F. 

Femme  Jalouse  (Im),  1726,  Joly.     C. 

Femme  Jug.-  et  Partie  (La),  1666,  Montfleury. 
C.  (reduced  to  three  acts  by  Leroy,  1821). 

Femme  a  Deux  Maris  (Im),  1802,  Guilbert  da 
Pixerecourt.     V. 

Ferume8  Savantes  (Let),  1672,  Moliere.    C. 

Fenunes  SoUiats  (i<es),  1809,  Dartois.    C. 

Femmes  Terribles  (Us),  lass,  Dumanoir.    D. 

Femmes  et  le  Merite  des  Femmes,  1824,  An- 
tier.    C. 

Femmes  et  le  Secret,  1843,  Deadde.    C. 

Fenelon  1793,  Chenier.  T.  (An  English  ver- 
sion by  Merry.) 

Fernande,  1868,  Sardou.  C.  (adapted  by  S. 
Edwards). 

Ferrex  and  Porrex,  1561-62,  Buckhurst.  T. 
(called  Gorboduc  by  sir  P.  Sidney.  The 
first  three  acts  by  Norton,  the  last  two  by 
Sackville  lord  Buckhurst.  First  English 
tragedy).  (See  "  Damon  and  Pythias  "  and 
"  Ralph  Roister  Doister.") 

Festin  de  Pierre.    (See  "  Don  Juan.") 

Few  (The),  posthumous  1805,  Alfieri.  C.  (on 
the  subject  of  Oligarchies). 

Fidele  Berger  (U),  1837,  Adam.    O.C 

Fidelio,  1791,  Beethoven.    0. 

Fiesco,  1783,  Schiller.    T. 

Fiesque,  1824,  Ancelot.  T.  (a  French  version 
of  tlie  above). 

Fiu'aro.    (See  "  Mariage  de . . ."  and  "Nozze  . . .") 

Filippo  IL,  1783,  Alrieri.    T. 

Fille  de  Jephte,  1814,  Meyerbeer.  Or.  (See 
"  Jeplite.") 

Fille  de  lExile  (Im),  1819,  Guilbert  de  PUei* 
court.     1 ). 

Fille  des  Bois,  1800,  Weber.    O. 

Fille  du  Cid  (Im),  1840,  Delavigne.    T. 

Fille  du  Diable,  1860,  Thiboust.  D.  (See  «  Fill 
du  Diable.") 

F'lle  du  Regiment,  1840,  Donizetti.    O.C 

Filles  de  Marbre  (Us),  1853,  Banlere.    D. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


114a 


Fib  Ingratsou  L'F.coledes  Peres,  1728,  Piron.    C. 
His  Naturel,  1757,  Diderot.    C.    (See  "Natural 

Son.") 
Filsde  FamlUe  (Ph),  1853,  Bayard  and  Bleville. 

C.    (See  "The  Discarded  Son.") 
Fils  do  la  Nuit,  1857,  Sejour.     I>. 
Fils  du  Diable,  1860,  Deadde.    D.    (See  "Fille 

du  Diable.") 
Financier  et  le  Savetier  (U),  19th  tent.,  Offen- 
bach.   O.Bf. 
Finestrina  (Im),  posthumous  1805,  Alfleri.    C. 

(scene  laid  in  hell). 
Finta  Giardlniera  (/-a),  1774,  Mozart.    0. 
Fiole  de  Cagliostro  {1m),  1835,  Brisebarre.    D. 
First  Floor  (The),  1756-1818,  Cobb.     F. 
First  Love,  1795,  Cumberland.     C. 
Fleurette,  1833,  Labrousse.     C. 
Flitch  of  Bacon,  1778,  Dudley.    Mu.F.  (music 

by  Shield). 
Flitting  Day  {The),  19th  cent.,  Herz.    D. 
Florinda,  1G99,  Handel.    0. 
Flowers  of  the  Forest,  1847,  Buckstone.     R.D. 
Flying  Dutchman,  about  1*30,  Fitzball.     Mel. 
Flying  Scud,  1863,  Boucicault.    D. 
Folies  Amoureiises,  1704,  Regnard.     C. 
Follies  of  a  Day  {The),  1745-1809,  Holcroft.     C. 
Folly  as  it  Flies,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Fontainbloau,  1747-1833,  0'Keefe. 
Fool  of  Quality,  17th  cent.,  Poisson.     C. 
Fool's  Revenge  {The),  19ih  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Fopling    Flutter    {Sir),     1676,     Etherege.      C. 

(second  title  of  The  Man  of  Mode). 
Forced  Marriage  {The),  1758,  Armstrong.     T. 
Forgery,  1832,  Buckstone.     Mel. 
Formosa,  19th  cent.,  Boucicault. 
Fortresse  du   Danube  {La),  1805,  Guilbort  de 

I'ixerecourt.     Mel. 
Fortunate  Isles,  1626,  B.  Jonson.    M. 
Fortunatus  {Old)  or  The  Wishing-Cap,  1600, 

Dekker.    C. 
Fortune's  Fool,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.     C. 
Fortune's  Frolic,  about  1*00,  Allingham.     F. 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,  sir  W.  Scott's  novel  1822, 

dramatized  by  A.  Halliday. 
Foscari  {I  due),  19th  cent.,  Verdi.    O. 
Foscari  {Tin),  1826,  Mi>s  Mitchell.    H.T. 
Foscari  {The  Two),  1821,  Byron.     H.T. 
Foul  Play,  19th  cent.,  C.  Keade. 
Foundling  {The),  17  ts,  ]•;.  Moore.    C. 
Foundling  of  the  Forest,  *  Dimond.     PI. 
Four  P's  [Palmer,  Pardoner,  I'oticary,  Pedlar), 

1530,  J.  Hoy  wood.     Int. 
Four  Plays  in  One,  posthumous  1647,  Beaumont 

and  Fletcher.    C. 
Four  'Prentices  of  London,  1632,  Hoywiod.  H.P1. 
Four  Sons  of  Aymon,  1843,  Hallo.    O. 
Fourborles  de  Scapin,  1671,  Mollere.    C.    (See 

"  Cheats  of  Scapin.") 
Fox.    (See  "  Volpone.") 
Fra    Diavolo,  1830,    Auber.    O.C.  (libretto  by 

Scribe).    (Fra  Diavolo,  by  II.  J.  Byron.) 
Francis  I.,  1828,  F.  A.  Kemble.    II .PI. " 
Francois  I.  a  Madrid,  1826,  Hrifaut.     T. 
Fredolpho,  1818,  Maturln. 
Freethinker  (The),  1774,  Leasing.    D. 
Frelschtitz  (l>er),  1822,  Weber.    0.  (libretto  by 

Kind). 
Friar  Bacon  and  Friar  Bungay,  1588,  Greene.    C. 

(first  acted  in  1591,  first  printed  1694). 
Fugitive  {The),  before  1803,  J.  Richardson    C. 
Funeral  or  Grief  a-la-Mode,  1701,  Steele.    C. 


Gageuro  Imprevuc  (Txi),  1772,  Sedaine.     C. 

Galant  Jardinier,  n;>;7,  Dancourt.    C. 

Gallanibea,  1692,  Lyly. 

Galotti.    (See  "  Knulia  C.ilutti.") 

Game  at  Chess,  1624,  Mlddleton.    PL 

Game  of  Speculation,  L9th  cent.,  Slingnhjr 
Lawrence  (i.e.  G.  H.  Lewes).  (See  "  Specu- 
lation.") 

Gamester  (The\  1637,  Shirley.    T. 

Gamester  {The),  170U,  Centllvre.    T. 

Gamester  (The),  1753,  E.  Moore.    T. 

Gammer  Gurton's  Needle,  1551,  Mr.  S  Master 
of  Arts  (said  to  lie  bishop  Still ;  but  be  area 
under  nine  years  of  age  at  the  dale  given. 
It  wa-s  acted  in  1575,  when  Still  «  .-  12. 
This  was  our  second  comedy).  (See  "  Bols- 
ter Doister"  and  "  Ueeogonus.") 

Garcon  de  Ferme  {Le),  1861,  Brisebarre.    D 

Gay  Decs' vers,  L804,  Colman.     F. 

Gazza  Laura  (Iai),  1817,  Rossini.     CO. 

Gemma  di  Vergi,  1835,  Donizetti.     0. 

Generous  Conqueror,  1702,  Higgons. 

Genevieve dl  Brabant,  19th  cent.,  Off  nbach.  CO. 

Gentle  Shepherd,  1725,  Ramsay.  1*.  (altered  in 
1786,  by  Tickell). 

Gentleman  I  lancing-Master,  1673,  Wycberly.   C 

Gentleman  Usher,  1617,  Chapman 

Gentleman  ofAlsatia  (The),  1688, ShadwelL  C. 
(sometimes  called  The  Sguire  of  Altatia). 

Genviero,  before  1822,  Scribe,     l't.Pc. 

George  Barnwell,  173U,  Lillo.     T. 

George  Dandtn,  1668,  Mollere.     C. 

George-a-Green,  I5s7,  Greene.     C 

Gets,  10*7,  Pechantre.     T. 

Gil  Bias,  1750,  B.  Moore.    C. 

Giovanni  (/Ami).  1787,  Mo/art.  0.  (libretto  hj 
L.  da  Polite).     (See  "  I  mi  Juan.") 

Giovanni  {Don),  1839,  Landor.  (S*».  "Dofl 
Giovanni.") 

Giovanni  In  London,  1687-1770, Muncrieff.  O.F.x. 

Gipsy  Warning,  1838,  Benedict,    0. 

Giralda,  1850,  Adam.    O.C. 

Girl's  Romance  (A),  1879,  Boucicault.     D. 

Girls  (The),  1879,  H.  J.  Byron.    C. 

Gisele,  1841,  Adam.     B. 

Giulio  Sabino,  1781,  Sarti.    0. 

Giuli"  Sabino,  1784,  Cherubiul.  O.  (a  pupil  of 
Sarti). 

Giuseppe,  1732,  Mota>tasio.    0. 

Ginstino,  1712,  Metastaslo.    T.  (aged  14). 

Gladiatenr,  1841,  Altenhelm.    T. 
.  is  io,  AltV.rd.     T. 

i;ii  oni  Esperidi.    (.See  "Orti  .  .  .") 

Going  to  the  Bad,  19th  cent..  Tom  Taylor. 

Qold-Mlne  or  Miller  of  Grenoble,  K-54,  Stir- 
ling.   D. 

Golden  Pippin,  1765,  O'Hara. 

Good-Natured  Man  (The),  1768,  Goldsmith.    GL 

Good  Soldier  (TAe), about  ic-n,  (rem  K.  Poisson. 

Good  for  Nothing,  1861,  Buckstone.    CD. 

Qorboduc.    (See  "  Ferrei  and  l'otrex.") 

Gotham  Election,  1716,  Centllvre.    C 

linii  \on  Berllchingen,  1773,  Go«  the.   D.(tran»- 

lated  l>y  sir  W.  Scott), 

Gracchus,  1792,  Chenier.  T,  (8i C doGneso.>*j 

Gracchus  (Cbi      ,  1816,  Kn -     EL  1". 

Gracchus  (CbttuY  1826,  Monti.     II. T. 
(ir.iinl  i lophte.    (See  "< Jophte.") 
Grateful  Servant,  1635,  Shirley.    PI. 
Great  Casimlr  (The),  1879,  Leigh.  Mu.D.  (musaa 
by  Lecocq;  Dram  the  French). 


1144 


APPENDIX  I. 


Great-Duke  of  Florence,  1630,  Mass-inger.    C. 

Grecian  Daughter,  1772,  .Murphy.     T. 

Green  Bushes,  1845,  Buckstone.     D. 

Green  Domino,  1810,  Korner.     PI. 

Green's  Tu  yuoque,  16th  cent.,  Cooke.    C. 

Gregory  VII.,  1832.  Home.     T. 

Grey  (Lady  Jane),  1715,  Rowe.  T.  (copyright 
was  £75  5*.). 

Grey  (lady  Jane),  1876,  Tennyson.    T. 

Grief  A-la-Mode,  1702,  Steele.     C. 

Griselda,  1774-1839,  Paer.     0. 

Grandeur  (Le),  1691,  He  Brueys.    C. 

Grotins,  1761-1819,  Kotzebue. 

Grotto  on  the  Stream  (TV),  19th  cent.,  Stif- 
ling.    D. 

Guardian  (The),  1639,  Massinger.  C.  (altered  in 
1759,  by  Garrick). 

Gucbres,  1762,  Voltaire.     T. 

Goglielmo  TelL    (See  "  Tell.") 

Qustave  III.,  1833,  Scribe.    O. 

Gustave  or  Le  Napolitain,  1825,  Anlcet  Bour- 
geois.    D. 

Gustavus  Vasa,  1733,  Piron.     T. 

Gustavus  Vasa,  1739,  Brooke.     T. 

(rustuvus  Vasa,  1797,  Kotzebue.     T. 

Guy  M. inhering,  1«16,  Terry.  Mu.Pl.  (music 
by  Bishop).  (This  is  a  dramatized  ver- 
sion of    sir     W .    Scott's    novel    so    called, 

wis.; 


Habit  de  Cour,  1818,  Antier.     D. 

Haine  d'Une  Fcmme  (La),  rx-fore  1822,  Scribe. 

lt.Pc. 
Half-  Pay  Oflicer,  1706-1767,  Molloy.    C. 
Hulidon  Hill,  1832,  sir   \V.  Scott.     A  dramatic 

sketch,  in  three  acts. 
Hamlet  Prince  of  Denmark,  1596,  Shakespeare. 

T.  (printed  lou.i) 
Handsome  llernani,  1M79,  H.  J.  Byron.    B. 
Happiest    Day  of  My    Life  (The),    19th  cent., 

Ituckstone. 
Harlekin  Patriot  (The),  1772,  Ewald.    D. 
Harold,  1876,  rennyson.    H.PL 
Harry  Gaylove  (Sir),  1772,  Miss  Marshall.     C 
Hartford  Bridge,  1754-1829,  Shield.     Mu.F. 
Haunted    Tower    (The),    1793,    Cobb.      Mu.D. 

(music  by  Storace) 
Haydee,  1847,  Anber. '  0. 
He  Would  if  He  Could,  1764,  Bickerstaff.     C. 
He's  Much  to  Blame,  1790,  Holcroft      C 
Heaven  and  Earth,  1819,  Byron.     Mys. 
Heir-at-Law    (The),    1797,    Colman.     C.      (See 

"  Ixird'e  \\  amiiiigpan.") 
Heir  of  Vironl,  1817,  Pocock.    Mu.D.  (music  by 

YVhittaker). 
Heiress  (The),  1781,  Burgoyne.     C. 
Helen  and  Paris,  1768,  Gliick.    O.  (libretto  by 

Calzabigi). 
Helping  Hands,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Helvetius,  isoj,  Andrienx    C. 
Henri  III.,  1839,  Dumas.      H.D. 
Henri  IV.,  1725,  B.  ckingham.     H.D. 
Henri  IV.,  1834,  H.ilfe.     0.  (Enrico  IV.). 
Henri  IV.  en  FamiU -,  1  898,  Deforges.     D. 
Henrietta    the    Forsaken,    about    1835,    Buck- 
stone,    c. 
Henriette  Descbamps,  1863,  Carre.     D. 
Henry  II.,   1773,   a  drama   produced  by  adding 

together  tin'  two  subjoined. 
Henry  II.  King  of  England,  with  the  death  of 


Rosamond,  1693,  ascribed  both  to  Bancroft 
and  to  Mountford.     H.T. 
Henry  aud  Rosamond,  1749,  Hawkins.     H.T. 

1  Henry  IV.,  1598,  Shakespeare.    H.Pl.  (printed 

1598). 

2  Henry  IV.,  1598,  Shakespeare.    H.Pl.  (printed 

16U0). 

Henry  v.,  1599,  Shakespeare.  H.Pl.  (printed 
1600).  (This  play  was  suggested  6y  that 
called  The  Famous  Victories  of  Henry  P.) 

Henry  V.,  1723,  Hill.    H.Pl. 

1  Henry  VI.,  1592, Shakespeare.     H.Pl. (alluded 

to  by  Nash,  in  J'ierce  J'enniless,  1592). 

2  Henry  VI.,  lf.'.M,  Shakespeare.     H.Pl. 

3  Henry  VI.,  1595,  Shakespeare.    H.PL 
Henry  VIII.,  1601, Shakespeare.    H.Pl.  (Knight, 

1613). 
Henry     YT1I.,    1791,    Cbenier.     D.H.   (Henri 

17//.). 
Herachdes  (fyts),  1752,  Marmontel.     T. 
Hercule,    1643.   Rotrou.     Cl.T.   (imitated  from 

the  J/erculrs  Parent  of  Euripides). 
Hercules  Kurens,  1561,  J.  Heywood.  T.  (Seneca's 

play  done  into  English). 
Hercules  Crita-us,   1681,  Studley.     D.  (Seneca's 

play  done  into  English), 
llernani.    (See  ■  Ernani "  aud  "  Handsome  Her- 

nani. ') 
Hero  and  l.can.ler,  1637,  Marlowe.    T. 
Hero  and  Ixander,  *  .Jackniaii.     O.BltL 
Herr    Burckhurd  and  His  Family,   1S27,  Hers 

Dom.D. 
Hertford  Bridge.     (See  "Hartford  Bridge.") 
Bieronima    (See  MJerommo."1 
High  Life  Above  Stairs,  1776,  Uarrick.     F. 
High  Life  Below  Stairs,  I7r.;i,  Townl.-y.     F. 
High-Mettled  Racer,  I77l-I84i,l)ibdin.  Mu.lt. 
Highland  Fair,  1729,  Mitchell.     Bd.O. 
Highland  Reel,  1798,  0  Keefe. 
Hints  for  Husbands,  isug,  Cumberland.    G. 
His  East  I.,  gs,  lytli  cent.,  B.  Bernard. 
History  of  Madoc,  1617,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
History  of  Orlando  Furioso,   posthumous  1594, 

Greene.    C 
Hit  or  Miss,  1 782-1; 836,  Poeock.     C. 
H..\l>.  Pinafore.     (See  **  Pinafore.") 
Hoffman,  1631,  Anon. 

H<  g  bfttfa  lost  His  Pearl  (7V),  l613-  R- Tailor.  V 
Hollander  (  The),  about  1620,  Glapt  borne.    C. 
Holofcrnes,  1554,  Anon.    T. 
Home,  19th  cent.,  Kobertson.    C. 
Home  for  Home,  1879,  Lee.     V. 
Homme  a  Trois  Visages  (£'),  1801,  Quilbert  ds 

Pixereoonrt,    V. 
Honest  Lawyer,  icig,  s.s.    c. 
Honest  Man's  Fortune,  posthumous  1647,  Beau- 

mont  and  Fletcher,    C. 
Honest   rhievea  (J»e\  ITT4-18M,  Knight.    F. 

(The  Ci  vimittee,  C.,  reset). 
lionet  Whore  (The),  1635,  I>ekker.     C. 
Honest  Yorkshireinan,  1736,  Carey.     F. 
Honeyoombe  (fully),  1760,  Oilman.    D.N. 
Honeymoon  (The),  isu4,  Tobln.    C.  (>i  I 

by  Shaki  speare's  cotni  dy  The  Turning  of  tkt 

Shrew). 
Honneur  de  Mamere,  1837,  Boule. 
Honourable  Ambition,  1751,  Holberg.    fl 
Hononrable     Delinquent,     1749-isii,    JovssV 

lanos.     C. 
Hood.    (Si  e  "  Robin  Hood.") 
Horaces  (Ias),  1639,  Corneille.    T. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1144 


House    or    the  Home  (17m:),   19th  cent.,  Tom 

Taylor. 
Housekeeper  (The),  1835,  Jerrold.    C.   (a  story 

of  Jacobite  times). 
How  to  Grow  Rich,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.     C. 
Huguenots  (/,cs),  1^33,  Meyerbeer.    0.  (libretto 

by  Scribe'). 
Hultre  et  les  I'laideurs  (U),  1769,  Sedaine.  O.C. 
Humourist  (The),  1671,  Snadwell.    0. 
Humourous     Lieutenant,     posthumous     1617, 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher.    C. 
Hunchback  (The),  1831,  Knowles.     C. 
Hurlo-Thrumbo,    1729,   S.    Johnson.      F.  (not 

Dr.  S.  Johnson). 
Huron  (Le),  1769,  Marmontel.    0.  (music  by 

G  retry). 
Husband    His    Own    Cuckold,    18th    cent.,    C. 

Dryden.    C. 
Husband  at  Sight,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Hussard  de  Feltheim,  1827,  Dupenty. 
Hussites  (The),  1761-1819,  Kotzebue.     D. 
Hypocrite  (The),  1768,  Bickerstaff.     C.   (This  is 

The  Nonjuror  modernized,  1706;  and    The. 

Nonjuror  is  an  English  version  of  Moliere's 

Tartuffe,  1664.) 
Hyppolyte,  1733,  Rameau.    0. 
Hyppolytus,  1581,  Studley.    T.  (Seneca's  play 

done  into  English). 
Hyrden  af  Tolosa,  19th  cent.,  Ingemann. 
Hyren  the  Fair  Greek,  1584,  Peele. 


Idle  Business  or  Man  who  has  no  Time,  1750, 
Holberg.    C. 

Idomeneo,  1781,  Mozart.    O. 

If  I  had  a  Thousand  a  Year,  1764-1838,  Mor- 
ton.   C. 

Ifigenia  in  Anlide,  1788,  Cherubini.  0.  (See 
"  Iphigenia.") 

Ill  Beginning  hasa  Good  End  (An),  1613,  Ford.  C. 

Ill-Treated  II  Trovatore,  1855,  H.  J.  Byron.     F. 

Illustrious  Stranger,  1772-1849,  Kenney.     C. 

Imnianuel,  1853,  Leslie.     Or. 

Impertinent  (The),  1750,  Desmahis.    F. 

Important  de  Cour  (//),  1693,  De  Brueys.     C. 

Impostor  (The),  1789,  Cumberland.     C. 

Impromptu  de  Campagne  (V),  17th  cent.,  R. 
Poisson.    C. 

Impromptu  de  l'HOtel  de  Conde,  1664,  Mont- 
fleury.  C.  (written  in  rivalry  of  Moliere's 
Impromptu  de  Vei  sailles). 

Impromptu  de  Versailles,  1663,  Moliere.     C. 

In  Quarantine,  *  Ware.    C. 

Inconstant  (r/u),  1702,  Farquhar.     C. 

Indian  Emperor,  1665,  Dryden.     He.Pl. 

Indian  Queen  (The),  1664,  Dryden  and  Howard. 
He.Pl. 

Indians  in  England  (The),  1761-1819,  Kotze- 
bue.    I). 

Indiscret  (//),  1725,  Voltaire.    C. 

I  nes  de  Castro,  1723,  Lamotte.     T. 

Inds  de  Cordiiue,  1696,  Bernard.    T. 

Inez  de  Castro,  1590,  Ferreira.    T. 

Inflexible  Captive  (The),  177  1,  11.  More.     T. 

Ingranno  Infelice,  1812,  Rossini.    0. 

Inkle  and  Yarico,  1787,  Colman.     Mn.I'l. 

Inoet  Melicerte,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.     T. 

Insatiate  Countess  (Thi  ),  1U13,  Marsu.il.     T. 

Insolvent  (The),  1738,  Hill. 

Intrigue  and  Love,  1783,  Schiller.  T.  (Kabale 
und  Lithe). 


Intriguing  Chambermaid,  1733,  Fielding.     F. 
Invader    of    His    Country,    1709,    Dennis.     T. 

(This  is  Shakespeare's  t'oriolanus  reset.) 
Invinciblcs  (Tlie),  1820,  Morton.     C 
Ion,  1803,  Schlegel.    Cl.T. 
Ion,  1835,  Talfourd.    Cl.T. 
Ipermestra,  1744,   Metastasio.    0.  (written  In 

nine  days). 
Iphigenia  in  Aulis,  1776,  GlQck.    0.  (libretto  by 

Calzabigi). 
Iphigenia  in  I'auris,  1779,  GlUck.     0.  (libretto 

by  Calzabigi). 
Iphigenia  in  Tauris,  17*0,  Goethe.     Cl.D. 
Iphigenia  in  Tauris,  I7'.i2,  Piocmi.    0. 
Iphigenie,   1637,  Kotrou.     Cl.D.  (imitated  from 

the  Iphigenia  of  Euripides). 
Iphigenie,  1674,  Racine.     Cl.D.  (in  imitation  of 

Euripides). 
Iphigenie  (Sacrificed"),  1861,  Dennery.    Cl.D 
Irato  (//),  1807,  Mehul.     O.B. 
Irene,  1749,  Johnson.    T. 
Irish  Lion  (The),  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Irish  Widow  (The),  1757,  Garrick.     F. 
Irlandais    (V)    ou    L'Esprit    .National,    1931, 

Antier. 
Iron  Age,  1532,  Heywood.     C. 
Iron  Chest,  1796,  Colman.    Mu.D.  (music  by 

Storace), 
Isaac  Comnenus,  1830,  H.  Taylor. 
Isabella  or  The  Fatal  Marriage,  1692,  Sottherne. 

T.  (same  as  Fatal  Marriaije). 
[sabelle  et  Gertrude,  18th  cent.,  Gretry.    O. 
Isabelle  or   Woman's  Life,  about  1*36,  Buck- 
stone.   D. 
Island  Princess,  posthumous    1647,    Bcaumout 

and  Fletcher. 
Isle  of  Palms  (The),  1812,  Wilson. 
Israel  in  Egypt,  1738,  Handel.    Or. 
Isse,  1699,  Lamotte.     P.O. 
Issipile,  1732,  Metastasio.     0. 
Istamine,  1817,  Victor  Hugo.    Cl.T. 
Italiana  en  Algeri,  1813,  Rossini.    0. 
It's  Never  too  Late  to  Mend,  1878,  Reade.      C 

(the  novel  so  called  dramatized). 


Jack  Drum's  Entertainment,  1601,  Anon.     C. 

Jack  Juggler,  about  1535,  Anon  (based  on  the 
Amphitruo  of  Plautus).  (See  "Amphi- 
tryon.") 

Jaloux  (/.<>),  1708,  Dnfresny.    C. 

Jaloux  Pesabuse  (Le),  1700,  Campistron.     C. 

James  IV.,  posthumous  1594,  Greene,    II.I'l. 

Jane  Grey  (Lady).    (See  •  c.ri-y.") 

Jane  Shore,  17i3,  Rowe.  T.  (copyright  waa 
£50  15«.). 

Jane  Shore,  19th  cent.,  W.  O.  Wills. 

Janet's  Pride,  19th  cent.,  Boucicault.     Sen.D. 

Janetta,  1840,  Auher.     O. 

Jardinier  (Le),  1771,  Sedalne.    O.C. 

Jealous  Lovers  |  The),  before  1630,  Randolph.  C 

Jailous  Wife  (The),  1761,  Colman  the  Elder.  G 
(from  Fielding's  Tbm  Jon,  s). 

Jean  Pari,  r,  1876,  Lomon.     T. 

Jean  de  Paris.  1812,  Boieldlen.     O. 

Jeannot  et  Colin.  1780,  Florian.     C. 

Jephte  {Fill  de),  *  piessis  M.>may. 
Jephte  (FUtt  de\  181 1.  Meyerbeer.    Or. 

Jephtha,  1516.  Cln  istopherson.     T 
Jephtha,  155 1,  Buchanan.    T. 
Jephtha,  1751,  Handel.     Or. 


1146 


APPENDIX  I. 


Jeronimo,  1599,  Kyd.  T.  (See  "  Spanish  Tra- 
gedy.") 

Jeune  Henri,  1797,  Mebul.    O.C. 

Jeunesse  de  Luther,  1843,  Carre. 

Jeunesse  de  Richelieu  {La),  1633,  Ancelot.    V. 

Jew  {The),  1795,  Cumberland.    C. 

Jew  and  Doctor,  1771-1841,  Dibdin.     Mu.Tr. 

Jew  of  Malta  {The  llich),  15»6,  Marlowe.  T. 
(Shakespeare's  Merchant  of  Venice  is  1598. 
The  two  plays  are  evidently  allied.) 

Jeweller  ol  Amsterdam  {The),  posthumous  16-17, 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Jewess  {Tiu),  1835,  Balfe.    0. 

Joan  of  Arc,  1801,  Schiller.  T.  {Jwngfrau  von 
Orleans). 

Joan  of  Arc,  1808-1870,  Balfe.    0. 

Joanna  Montf.iucon,  1808,  Cumberland.     D.R. 

Jocasta,  1566,  Gascoigue  and  Kinwelmarsh.  T. 
(from  the  l'luenustz  of  Euripides ;  one  of 
our  earliest  dramas). 

John  {Kmy),  1596,  Shakespeare.  H.T.  (first 
mentioned  159s).  (This  play  was  suggested 
by  that  entitled  The  Troublesome  lieign  of 
Amy  John.)    (See  "  Kynge  Johan.") 

John  Hull,  1805,  Colman.     C. 

John  Cockle  at  Court  {Sir),  1737,  Dodsley.    F. 

John  Feltoii,  1S52,  Stirling,     ll.l'l. 

John  Jones,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 

John  Oldcaatle  {Sir),  printed  1600,  Munday  and 
Drayton  (printed  In  1601,  with  the  name  of 
Shakespeare  on  the  title-page,  mid  contained 
in  Pope's  edition  of  bhakeepeare). 

John  street,  1Mb  cent.,  Buckstone. 

John  W'oodvil,  1802,  Lamb.    T. 

John-a-Kent,  etc.,  1595,  Munday. 

John  of  l'aris,  1782-1835,  1'ocoek.    C. 

Juhn  of  Prodda.  l.sto,  Knowlea.    T. 

Joseph,  1816,  Mehul.     Or. 

Joshua,  1717,  Handel.     Or. 

Joueur  {i.t\  1696,  Kegnard.     C. 

Jonrnee  a  Versailles,  1814,  Duval. 

Journey  to  London.  (See  "  l'rovoked  Hus- 
band.") 

Juan.    (See  "Don  Juan.") 

Judas  Maccaba-'us,  1746,  Handel.    Or. 

Judith,  1857,  Leslie.    Or. 

Judge  Not  or  The  Scales  of  Justice,  19tb  cent., 
Stirling.    D. 

Jugement  de  Midas  1741-1813,  Gretry.    0. 

Jugglers  (TV),  *  Ware.    D. 

Jugurtha,  1689,  Pcch.mtre.     T. 

Jugurtha,  1677-1758,  I,agrange.    T. 

J  uif  Errant  {U),  19th  cent.,  Halevy.  0.  (libretto 
by  Scribe). 

Juive  {Iai),  1835,  Halevy.  0.  (libretto  by 
Scribe! 

Julia  or  The  Italian  Lover,  1786,  Jepbson.    T. 

Julian  und  Agnes,  1800,  Sotheby. 

Julius  Caesar,  1605,  earl  of  Stirling.     H.T. 

Julius  Ca_\-ar,  16u7,  Shakespeare.  H.T.  (See 
"  Conspiracy  of  Brutus.") 

Junius  Brutus,  1828,  Andrieux.  T.  (See 
"  I'.rutus.") 

Jupiter,  1771.  Sheridan  and  Halhed.     Blta. 


Killing  no  Murder,  1811,  Hook. 
Kindheart's  Dream,  1592,  Chettle.    C. 
King  Arthur,  before  1695,  l'urcell.     O. 
King  Rend's  Daughter,  19th  cent.,  Herz.    L.D. 
(an  English  version  by  Martin). 


King  Sigurd,  19th  cent,  Boje.    T. 

King  and  No  King,  1619,  Fletcher.    T. 

King  and  the  Miller  of  Mansfield,  1737,  Dodsley. 

F.    (See  "  Sir  John  Cockle  at  Court.") 
King  of  the  Alps,  1832,  Buckstone  (adapted  from 

the  German). 
Klng"s  Rival  (Tlie),  19th  cent..  Tom  Taylor,  etc 
Kiolanthe,  1840,  Balfe.     0. 
Knight  of  Malta,  1647,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle,  1613,  Beaumont 

and  Fletcher.    C. 
Knights  {The),  1754,  Foote.     F. 
Kn       \< i i. r  own  Mind,  1777,  Murphy.    C. 
KoniK  S     I.  ,.-39,  Gutzikow.    0.    (See  "  Saul.*'' 
Kyuge  'uhan,  1500,  *    T.    (See  "John.") 


LadLs'  Battle,  1851,  Robertson.     C.  (from  the 

French  of  Scribe  and  Legouve,  1851). 
Ladle's  Trial  (.t),  1638,  Ford.    D. 
Lady  Jane  Grey,    (See  "  Grey.") 
Lady  of  Lyons,  1838,  lord  Lytton.    C. 
I^dy  of  Pleu>ure  (The),  1594-1666,  Shirley.    Q 
Lady  of  the  Desert  (Tlie),  1859,  Stirling.    D. 
Lady's  Frolic,  before  1774,  Love. 
Lady's    Last    stroke  {The),  1703-1758,    The* 

Cibber.    C.  (copyright  was  £32  5s.). 
Lady's  Privilege,  about  1620,  Glaptborne.    C. 
Lame  Lover,  1770,  Foots.     F. 
Lancashire  \\  itches  {The),  1682,  Shadwell.    C. 
Laodamia,  16*9,  Miss  Bernard.     T. 
Lara,  i-6(,  Cormon. 
Last  1  >a\  s  of  Pompeii,  1835,  Buckstone.    D.  (lord 

Lytton 's  novel  dramatized). 
1    -t  'i  ear,  l'.'th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Last  of  the  Family  {The),  1795,  Cumberland.    C. 
Laiude,  1834,  Guilbert  de  1'ixencourt. 
Laugh  When  You  Can,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.  C. 
Law  of  Java  {The),  1822,  Colman.      Mu.D. 
Law  of  Lombardy  {Tlie),  1779,  Jepbson.     T. 
I^aws  of  Candy,  1647,  Beaumont  and  Fletoli.  r. 
Leap  in  the  Dark(jl),  ls50,  Buckstone.    Doin.D. 
Leap- Year  or  The  Ladies'  Privilege,  19th  cent.. 

Buckstone.     C. 
Lear  {King),   1605,  Shakespeare.    T.   (printed 

I6us).    (This  play  was  suggested  by  one 

called  The  Chtonicle  History  of  Leir  Kmg 

of  Eni/land,  1578.) 
L'ftclalr,  before  1860,  Hale"vy.    O.C. 
L'ecoIc    des    Amants,    1718,    Joly.      C    (See 

"  School  for  Lovers.") 
L'fccole  des  Femmes,  1662,  Moliere.    C.    (See 

"School  for  Wives.") 
L'Ecolede  Jaloux,  1640-1685,  A.  J.Montfleury.  C, 
L'tcole  des  Maris,  1661,  Moliere.    C. 
L'Lcole    des    Vieil  lards,    1823,    Delavigne.    C 

(See  "School.") 
Led  Astray,  ls73,  Boucicault.     C. 
Legatalre  Universel,  i7o-,  Regnard.    C. 
Legend  of  Florence,  is4o.  Hunt.    D.R. 
L'Kli-ire  d'Amour,  1332,  Donizetti.    O. 
Lend  Me  Five  Shillings,  1761-1838,  Morton.     Y. 
Leonard,  1863,  Brisebarre.    D. 
Lea  20,000  Francs,  1832,  Boule.     D. 
Lesson  (A)  for  Ladies,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Lethe,  1743,  tiarrick. 
L'ttourdi,  1653,  Moliere.     C. 
Liar  {The),  1762,  Foote.     F.     (See  ■  MenteoT.") 
Libertine  (7Vit),  1676,  Shadwell.     0. 
Liberty  Asserted,  1704,  Dennis.    T. 
Life,  1765-1811,  Reynolds.     C 


DRAMAS,  OrERAS,  ETC. 


1147 


I). 


JLlfe-Buoy  {The),  1566-1638,  Hoskina 
Light  Heart,  1574--1637,  Jonson. 
L'lle  du  Prince  Touton,  1854,  Dennery. 
lily  of  Killarney,  1*62,  Benedict.    0. 
Lily  of  the  Desert  {The),  1859,  Stirling.     R.D. 
Linda  di  Clianiourni,  1842,  Donizetti.     0. 
Lingua  or  The  Five  Senses,  1 7th  cent..  Brewer.  D. 
Lionel  and  Clarissa,  isth  cent.,  Bickerstaff.    0. 

(music  by  Dibdin). 
Little  French  Lawyer,  posthumous  1617,  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher     C. 
Little   i  ed  Riding-Hood,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Tay- 
lor. ,        ,      . 
Lock  and  Key,  1755-1834,  Hoare  (music   by 

Shield). 
Lodoiska,   1791,  Kemble.      Mu.D.  (music    by 

Storace). 
Lodoiska,  1800,  Mayer.    Mu.D. 
Lohengrin,  1848,  Wagner.    0. 
Lombardi,  1843,  Verdi.    0. 
London  Assurance,  1841,  Boucicault.    C. 
Long  Strike,  lath  cent.,  Boucicault.    D. 
Looklng-Glass  for  London,  etc,  1589,  Greene 

and  Lodge.    C. 
Lord  Dundreary  Married  and  Done  For,   19th 

cent.,  H.  J.  Byron  and  Sothern.    0. 
Lord   of    the   Manor,   before    1S33,   C.    Dibdin, 
junior.    CO.  (altered  from  Burgoyne,  1783  ; 
music  by  Jackson). 
Lord's    Warmingpan    {The),    1325   (same    as 

Colman's  Heir-at-  Iaiiv). 
Lorenzo,  1755-1798,  Merry.     T. 
Lost  at  Sea,  19th  cent.,  Boucicault.     D. 
Louis  IX.,  1819,  Ancelot.     T. 
Louis  XL,  1832,  Delavigne.    H.D.    (An  English 

version  in  1846  by  Boucicault.) 
Louise  de  Lignerollcs,  1838,  Legouve.    D. 
Love,  1840,  Knowles.    D. 
Love-Chase  {The),  1837,  Knowles.     C. 
Love  Laughs  at  Locksmiths,  1803,  Colman.    F. 
Love,  Law,  and  Physic,  1772-1849,  Keuuey.    C. 
Love  Makes  a  Man,  1700,  Cibber.    C. 
Love-Kiddelig    {chivalrous    love),    1816,  Inge- 

mann.     D. 
Love  Tricks,  1626,  Shirley.    C. 
Love  Triumphant,  1694,  Dryden.    C. 
Love  a-la-Mode,  1759,  Macklin.    F. 
Love  and  Police,  19th  cent.,  Herz.    V. 
Love  and  War.  1 792,  Jepbson.     F. 
Love  at  First  Sight,  1730-1805,  King.     C. 
Love  at  a  Venture,  1706,  Ocntlivre.     C. 
Love  for  Love,  1695,  Congreve.    C. 
Love  in  a  Bottle,  1698,  Farquhar.     C. 
Love  in  a  Camp,  1747-1833,  O'Keefe.    C. 
Love  in  a  Maze,  1814,  Boucicault.    C. 
Love  In  a  Tub,  1664,  Ltherege.    C. 
Love  in  a  Village,  1763,  Bickerstaff.   O.F.  (music 

by  Arne). 
Love  in  a  Wood,  1672,  Wycherly.    C. 
Love  in  the  City,   1735-1787,   BickerstafT.    C. 

(See  "The  Romp.") 
I/)ve  of  King  David,  etc.,  1596,  Peele.    S.D. 
Love's  Contrivances,  1703,  Centlh  re.     C. 
Love's  Cure,  1617,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
love's  Disguises,  1838,  Knowles.     C. 
Love's  Dominion,  1668,  Flecknoe.     D  IV. 
love's  labour's   Lost,  1594,  Shakespeare 

(printed  1598). 
Love's  Last  Shift,  1696,  Cibber.    C. 
Love's  Metamorphosis,  1553-1606  Lyly.  Myt.D 
love's  Mistress,  1631,  Hey  wood.     C. 


C. 


C. 


Love's  Pilgrimage,  posthumous  1647,  Beaumont 

and  Fletcher. 
Lire's  Riddle,  1618-1667,  A.  Cowley.    C 
Love'fl  Sacrifice,  1633,  ford. 
Love's  Stroke  of  Oenius,  19th  cent.,  Herz.    V. 
Love's    Tricks  or  The  School  of  Compliment*. 

1625,  Shirley.    C. 
Lovers'  Melancholy,  1628,  Ford. 
Lovers'  Progress,  16 17,  B-'.iuiuoiit  and  Fletcher. 
Lovers'  Quarrels,  1730-1805,  King.     Int.     (See 

"  Mistake.") 
Lovers'  Vows,  lsOO,  [nchbald.     PL  (Kotzebue'g 
play,  1798,  Anglicized).    (By  this  play  Mm 
[nchbald  cleared  £150.) 
Lovesick  King  {The),  17th  cent..  Brewer.    C. 
Loyal  Brother  {Tht),  16-i2,  Southerne.     T. 
Loyal  Subject,  1618,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 

1616). 
Lucia   di    Lammemioor,   1835,  Donizetti.      O. 

(composed  in  six  weeks). 
Lucidi  (/),  1539,  Angelo.    C. 
Lucio  Sill.i,  1773,  Mozart.    0. 
Lucius  Junius  Brutus.    (See  "  Brutus.") 
Lucretla  Borgia,  1831,  Victor  Hugo.     R.T. 
Lucrezia  di  Borgia,  1834,  Donizetti.    O. 
Luisa  Miller,  19th  cent.,  Verdi.     0. 
Luke  the  Labourer,  1828,  Buckstone.     Mel. 
Lust's  Dominion,  *  Marlowe  (died   1593).    T. 

(finished  by  Dekker). 
Lying  Lover  {The),  1704,  Steele.    C. 
Lying  Valet,  1740,  Carriek.    F. 

Ma  Tante  Aurore,  1*02,  Boieldleu.    O. 
Macbeth,    1606,    Shakespeare.    T.    (music    by 

Lock,  1672). 
Macbeth,  19th  cent.,  Verdi.     O. 
Mad   Ijover,    1617,   Fletcher    (Beaumont    died 

1016). 
Mad  Lover,  1637,  Massinger. 
Mad  World,  1608,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
Mad  World,  My  Masters (A>  1608,  Middieton.  a 
Madame  Diogene,  etc.,  1864,  Desarbree,    C. 
Madame  Favart,  1878,  Offenbach.    CO. 
Madame  du  Barry,  1836,  Ancelot,    V. 
Madame  du  Chatelet,  about  1834,  Ancelot.     V. 
Maestro  di  Capella,  1797,  Dellamarta. 
Magician  no  Conjuror,  1755-1798,  Merry. 
Magiclenne  {la),  19th  cent.,  Halevy.    O. 
Magnetic  Lady,  1632,  Jonson.    C 
Magnitiquc  {U\  1672-1731,  Lamotte.     C. 
Mahomet,     1738,     Voltaire.     T.    (done    Into 

English  bv  Miller,  1740). 
Maid  Marian  (2V),  1823,  Bishop.    0. 
Maid  in  the  Mill,  posthumoui  1617,  Beaumont 

and  Fletcher,  or  Low  ley  and  Fletcher.     C. 
Maid  of  Artois,  1836,  Balfe.    O. 
Maid  of  Bath.  1771.  Foote.     F. 
Maid  of  Honour,  1637,  Massinger.    T.C. 
M  dd  of  Honour,  1808-1870,  Balfe.     0. 
Maid  of  Mariendorpt,  1838,  Knowles.    D. 
Maid  of  Milan  (Chfi.thc),  1822,  Payne.    Mu.D. 

(music  by  Bishop). 
Maidof Orleans,  1801, Schiller.    T.   (S*e"Ji*n 

of  Arc.") 
Maid  of  Saxony,  1842,  George  Morris.    O. 
Maidof  the  Mill,  1766,  Blckerstaff.  O.F.  (music 

by  Arnold).    (See  "  Maid  in  the  Mill.") 
Maid  of  the  Oaks  (The),  1779,  Burgoyne.     D.E. 
Maid's  Metamorphosis.    (See  "Maydes  Mei*- 

morphosls." ) 


1148 


APPENDIX  I. 


Maid's  Tragedy,  1610,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  T. 

(Waller  altered  the  filth  act). 
Maids  and  Bachelors,  18th  cent.,  Skeffington.   C. 
Maids  as  Ihey  Are,  etc.,  1797,  Inclibald.    C. 
Maiden  Queen  (The),  1667,  Dryden.    H.P1. 
Maire  du  Palais  (U),  1823,  Ancelot.     T. 
Mattreen  Droit  (U),  1760,  Monsigny.    O.C. 
Malade  Iniaginaire  (/.€),  1673,  Moliere.    C.    (See 

"  Dr.  Last  in  His  Chariot.") 
Malati  and   Madhava,  8lh  cent.,  Bhavabhouti. 

R.T.  (translated  by  Wilson  in  his  Indian 

Theatre). 
Male  Coquette,  1758,  Garrick.    F. 
Haleoontent  {The),  before  1600,  Mareton  and 

Webster.    C. 
Mamilia,  1593,  Greene. 
Man  Bewitched,  1710,  Centlivre.     C. 
Man  of  Honour  (The),  19th  cent.,  Boucicault.    C. 
Man  of  M<  de,  1676,  Etherege.     C. 
Man  of  the  World,  1764,  Macklin.    C.    (Its  ori- 
ginal title  was  The  Freeborn  Scotchman.) 
Management,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Manfred.  1817,  Byron.    T. 
Manfredi,   1825,   Monti.      T.      (A    version    in 

French,  by  Duplissis,  1854.) 
Maniac  (The),  1810,  Bishop.  O. 
MauliusCapitolinus,  1684,  Lafosse.  T.  (imitated 

from  Ot way's  Venice  Preserved). 
Manteau  (U),  1826,  Andrieux.     C. 
Manuel,  1817,  Maturin.     T 
M  lometto  Secundo,  1822,  Uossini.    0. 
Man-dial  Ferrent(£e),  18th  cent.,  Pliilidor.   O.C. 
Marechauxde  1' Empire  (Les),  1856,  Anicet  Bour- 
geois.    D. 
Margaret  of  Anjou,  1727-1812,  Jerningham.   T. 
Margery orThe  Dragoness,  1 61)6-1 743, Carey.    F. 
Margherita  d' Anjou,  1822,  Meyerbeer.    0.    (See 

"  Margaret  .  .  .  ") 
Marguerite  d'Anjou,  1810,  Guilbert  de  Plxer6- 

court.     D. 
Mari  Impromptu,  1836,  Duval.    C. 
Marl  Hetrouve,  1662,  Dancourt.     C. 
Mari  dans  du  Coton,  1862,  Thiboust. 
Mari  qui  Lance  sa  Femme,  1864,  Deslande  or 

Labiche.    C.  (it  is  attributed  to  both). 
Maria  Pbdilla,  1838,  Ancelot.    T. 
Maria  Stuarda,  1785,  Alfieri.    T.    (See  "  Mary 

Stuart.") 
Mariage  Fait  et  Rompu,  1721,  Dufresny.    C. 
Mariage  Force,  1661,  Moliere.    C. 
Mariage  Lnfantin  (U),  before  1822,  Scribe.  Pt.Pc. 
Mariage  d'Argent  (I.e),  1827,  Scribe.    C. 
Mariage   de    Kigaro,   1784,  Beaumarchais.     C. 

(See  "  Nozze  .  .  .") 
Mariage  de  Kieu  (U),  1640-1685,  Ant.  J.  Mont- 

fleury.    C. 
Manages  Samnites  (A-as).  1741  -1813,  Gretry.    0. 
Mariaiune,  1623,  Hardy.     T. 
Martamne,  1640,  P.  T.  L'Ermite.    T. 
Marlamne,  1721,  Voltaire,    T. 
Marian,  1754-1829,  Shield.     0. 
Marianne,  1718,  Fenton.     T. 
Marie  de  Brabant,  1825,  Ancelot. 
Marino  Faliero,  1819,  Byron.     T 
Marino  Faliero,  1829,  Delavigne. 
Marino  Faliero,  1835,  Donizetti. 
Marion  Delorme,  i*-29,  Victor  Hugo.    R.D. 
Harltana  (a  mosaic,  by  Wallace,  of  A'uy  Flat 

and  A'otre  Dame). 
Marin",  1791,  Arnault.     T. 
Marius  (Oaiu*\  1680,  Otway.    T. 


D.Pm. 


T. 

O. 


Marins  and  Sylla,  1594,  Lodge.    H.PL 
Maniiailuke    Maxwell    (Sir),    1827,    Cunning* 

ham.    C. 
Marj. lot,  1711,  Centlivre.     C. 
Man  111  is  Caporal,  1864,  Sejour.     D. 
Maquis  d'Argencourt,  1857,  Dupenty.     D 
Marquis  de  Kenilis,  1879,  Lomon. 
Marriage  a- la- Mode,  1674,  Dryden.    C 
Married  Life,  1834,  Buckstone.     C. 
Married  Man  (The),  17s9,  Inchbald.   C.  (realiaed 

£100). 
Martha,  1858,  Flotow.    O. 
Martyr  of  Antioch,  1821,  Milman.    T. 
Martyra  (Lai),  1^40,  Donizetti.    0.  (from  Cor- 

ni  ille's  J'oli/eucte). 
[Mary]  Queen  of  Scots,  about  1693,  Banks.    T. 
Mary  (Queen),  1877,  Tennyson.    T. 
Mary  Stuart,  IsOO,  Schiller.     T. 
Mary   Stuart,  1840,  Haynes.     T.    (See  "Maria 

Stuarda  "  and  "  Evasion  de  .   .  .") 
Mary  Tudor,  1833,  Victor  Hugo.    T. 
Masaniello,  1772-1849,  James  Kenney. 
Masaniello,  1814,  ingemann.     T. 
Masaniello,  about  1820,  Carafa.     0. 
Masaniello,     1828,     Auber.     0.     (libretto    by 

Scribe).     (This  is  often  called  Iax  MuetU  de 

I'orlici). 
Masks  and  Faces,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor,  etc. 
Man  idler!  (/),  i'jth  cent.,  Verdi.    0. 
Masque  (The),  1612,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.    O. 
Masque  de  A  elours,  1860,  Delaporte.     D 
Masque  of  Calisto,  1676,  Crowne.     M. 
Massacre  of  Paris,  1696,  Marlowe.    T. 

re  de  Syrie,  i860,  Sejour. 
MatCO  at  Midnight,  1033.  Rowley.     C. 
Manilla,  1775,   I  .  Franklin.      I*. 
Matrimonio  Begreto  (11),  1793,  Cimarosa.    O. 
Matrimony  (see  above),  1794,  Kenney.    C. 
Maures    d'Espagne    (Let),    1804,   Guilbert    de 

l'l.vie,  ourt.     I). 
May  Queen,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Maydes  Metamorphosis,  1553-1600,  Lyly.  Myt.D. 
Mayor  of  Garratt,  1763,  Foote.     F. 
Mayor  of  Queenburough  (The),  17th  cent.,  Mid- 

dleton.     C. 
Meadows  of  St.  Gervaise  (The),  *  Ware.    F.C. 

(translated  from  the  French). 
Measure    for   Measure,   1603,  Shakespeare.    C. 

(based  on  Fromos  and  Casmndra,  1678,  by 

Whetstone  ;  acted  at  Whitehall,  1604). 
Medea,  1566,  Studley.    T.  (Seneca's  play  done 

into  English). 
Medea,  1761,  Glover.     T. 
Medea,  1795,  Cherubini.    0. 
Medea,  aliout  1820,  Mayer.     0. 
Medecin  Malgre  Lui,   1666,  Moliere.     C.    (Sea 

"  Mock  Doctor.") 
Medocins  (Us),  1863,  Nus.    D. 
Medee,  1635,  Corileille.     T. 

Medee,  1695,  Longepierre.    T. 
Medee,  1853,  Legouve.     T. 
Modus,  1739,  Desihamps.     T. 
Meduse,  1677-1758,  I,agrange.     0. 
Melanie,  1770,  Laharpe.    T. 
Mcleagre,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.    T. 
Melieorte,  1666,  Moliere.    C. 
Melite,  1629,  Corneille.     C. 
Melmoth,  1830,  Maturin.    T. 
Menage  en  Ville,  1864,  Barriere.    PL 
Mem-climes,   1637,  Rotrou.    C.   (imitated  nam 
i'lautus). 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


114f 


M6nechmes  (_l.es),  1705,  Regnard.    C. 
Mcnteur,  1642,  Corneille.    C.    (See  "  Liar.") 
Merchant  Pirate,  19th  cent.,  Stirling.     D. 
Mi-rch  mt  of  Bruges,  before  183C,  Kinnaird.    l'l 

faltered  from  Beaumont  and  Fletcher). 
Merchant  of  Venice,  1598,  Shakespeare.  D.  (Sei 

"Jew  of  Malta.") 
Mere  Coupable  ( Ixi),  1792,  Beaumarchais.    D. 
Meridien,  1852,  Deslandes.    D. 
Merlin  in  Love,  17f.9,  Hill.     C. 
Merope,  1713,  Mallei.    T. 
Merope,  1738,  Voltaire.    T. 
Merope,   1749,  Jefferys   or    Hill    (ascribed    to 

both). 
Merope,  1783,  Alfierl.     T. 
Merope,  1859,  Matthew  Arnold. 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  1596,  Shakespeare. 
C.  (printed    1602).    (See    "Comical    Gal- 
lant." ) 
Mery  Play  between  the  Pardoner  and  the  Frerc 

(A),  1533,  J.  Hey  wood.    C. 
Mesogonus,  1560,  Thomas  Rychardcs.    C.  (only 

four  acts  extant). 
Messiah  (The),  1741,  Hand  1.    Or.  (libretto  by 

Jennens). 
Metamorphosed  Gipsies,  1574-1637,  Jonson.   C. 
Metamorphoses  de  l'Amour,  19th  cent.,  Brohan. 

C.    (See  "  Love's  Metamorphoses.") 
Metromanie    ou    Le    Poete,    1738,    J'iron.     C. 
(said  to  be  the  best  comedy  in  the  French 

language). 
Michaelmas  Term,  1607,  Middleton. 
Michel  et  Cristine,  before  1822,  Scribe.     Pt.Pc. 
Mic-ocosmus,  about  1600,  Nabbes.    M. 
Midas,  1553-1600,  Lyly.     Myt.D. 
Midas,  1764,  O'Hara.     Pita. 
Midas  (Jugement  de),  1741-1813,  Gretry.     0. 
Midnight  Hour  (Tim),   1793,  Inchbald.     Pt.C. 

(realized  £130). 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  1592,  Shakespeare. 

Fy.C.  (printed  1600). 
MMsummer  Night's  Dream,  1843,  Mendelssohn. 
Milkmaid  (The),  1771-1841,  Dibdln.    Mu.D. 
Miller  and  His  Men,  1813,  Pocock.    Mel.  (music 

by  Bishop). 
Miller  of  Mansfield  (The),  1737,  Dodsley.    D.E. 

(The  second   part   is  Sir  John    Cockle   at 

(  ourt.) 
Mines   de    Pologne    (Us),    1803,   Guilbert   de 

rixerecourt. 
Minister  (The),  1797,  Lewis.    T.  (adapted  from 

Schiller). 
Minna  von  Barnhelm,  1767,  Lessing.    D. 
•  Minor  (The),  1760,  Foote.    F. 
Mirandola,  1821,  Procter.     T.  (copyright  was 

£525). 
Mirra,  1783,  Alfieri. 
Misanthrope,  1666,  Moliere.     C. 
Misanthropy  and   Repentance,  1797,  Kotzebue. 

1).  (called  in  English  The  Stranger). 
Miser  (Th*  \  1672,  Sh.idwell.     (See  below.) 
Miser    (The),    1707-1754,    Fielding.      C.   (from 

J.'Avtire.  by  Moliere,  1667). 
Miserables  (Us),  1864,   Hugo,  junior.     D.  (his 

father's  novel,  1863,  dramatised). 
Mlsogonist  (77k:),  1780,  Leasing.  1». 
MIsogonus,  1560,  printed  1577,  Rychardes.    C. 

(one  of  OUT  earliest  plays). 
Miss   Sarah   Samson.   1755,    Lessing  (mualc  by 

Mendelssohn  and  Nicolay). 
ktlss  in  Her  Teens,  1747,  Garrick.     F. 


Mistake  (Th- ),  1672-1726,  Vanbrugh.  C.  (altered 

by  King  into  levers'  Quarrels). 
Mithr'idute,    1673,  Racine.      T.   (imitated   froiB 

Euripides). 
Mithridate,  1770,  Mozart.    O. 
Mithridates,  167  1,  Lee.    T. 
Mock  Doctor  (Tlie.),  1733,  Fielding.    F.    (This  la 
Le  Medecin   Malgri  Lui  of  Moliere.  :6W, 
converted  into  a  farce.) 
Modem  Antiques,  1747-1833,  O'Keefe.    C. 
Mceurs  de  Temps  (Les),  1750,  Saurin.     C. 
Mogul  Tale  (77k;).  *  Anon.     F. 
Moise  in  F.gitto,  1818,  Rossini.     O. 
Mon  Gigot  et  Mon  Gendre,  1861,  Antier. 
Monastere  Abandonna,  1816,  Guilbert  e'e  P'xerfr- 

court. 
Money,  1840,  Lytton.    C. 
Mons.  Ragout,  about  1669,  Lacy.     C. 
Mons.  Thomas,  1619,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 

1616).    C. 
Mons.     Tonson,    1767,    Moncrieff    or    Taylor 

(attributed  to  both).    F. 
Mons.  D'Olive,  1557-034,  Chapman.    C. 
Mons.  le  Due,  1879,  Vul  Prinsep.    PI. 
Montargis.    (See  "Cliien.") 
Montezuma,  1772,  Sacchini.     0. 
Montfort  (De),  179s,  Baillie.    T.  (the  passion 

of  "  hate  "). 
Montrose,  1782-1835,  Pocock. 
More  Ways  than  One,  1785,  Mrs.  Cowley.     C. 
Mort  d'Abel,  1792,  Legouve.     T.  (imitated  fron: 
( lesser  and  Klopstock). 

Mort  de  Calas,  1791,  Chenier.     T. 

Mort  de  Henri  IV.,  1806,  Legouve.    T. 
Mother  Bombie,  1594,  Lyly.    Ct.E. 

Mother  Goose,  1771-1811,  Dil<iin.    Pn. 

Mother  Pantoin,  1771-1841,  Dibdin.     C- 

Mount  Sinai,  1831,  Neukomm.    Or. 

Mountains  r.<  (77te),  1793,  Colman.    C. 

Mourning  Bride,  1697,  Congreve.     T. 

Mousquetaires  (Les),  19th  cent.,  Halevy.     O.U. 

M.P.,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.    C. 

H  ueh  Ado  about  Nothing,  1600,  Shakespeare.   C. 

Muet  (/>),  1691,  De  Bru.ys.    C. 

Muette  de  Portici  (I*a).    (See  "  Masaniello.") 

Muette  de  la  Fdret,  1838,  Antler. 

Muse  in  Livery,  1732,  Dodsley.    C. 

Muses  in  Mourning,  1749,  Hill.     C. 

Muses'  Looking-Glass  (The),   1605-1634,  Kan 
dolph.    C. 

Mnstapha,  1739,  Mallet.    PI. 

My  Nightgown  and  Slippers,  1799,  Colman.    (X 

My  Bpouse  and  1,  1771-1841,  Dibdin.    O.F. 

Mvrrha,  1783,  Alfieri.    T. 

Mysteres  d'Udolphe  (A**),   1798,  Guilbert   d« 
Pixerecourt.     Mel. 

Mysterious  Husband  (The),  1783, Cumberland.  C. 

Mysterious  Mother,  1768,  Walpole.    T. 


Nabob  (77i«),  about  1779,  Foote.    F. 

Nabob  (  The),  18T9,  Bnrnaxd  (an   Kngllsli  ver- 

sion  of  Lei  Trent?  Millions  de  (JladiaUurt, 

by  I^ibiche  and  Gille). 
Nabvicco,  1-12,  Verdi    O. 
Nabucodonosor,  19th  cent.,  Verdi.    O. 
Nam  v.  1696-1713.  Carey. 
Nanine,  1749,  Voltaire.     C. 
Narbonne.     (Set'  "  Oonnt  of  Narbonne.^ 
Nathan  the  Sage,  1779,  lessing.     D. 
Nations  (Us),  1851,  Banvllle.      Q. 


1150 


APPENDIX  I. 


Native  Land,  1823,  Bishop.    0. 

Natural  Daughter  {The),  1792,  Goethe.     C. 

Natural  Son  (The),  1786,  Cumberland.    C.    (See 

"  Fils  Natural.") 
Neck  or  Nothing,   17G6,  Garrick  or  King.    F. 

(ascrib-d  to  both). 
Nell  Gwynne,  1832,  Jcrrold.    C. 
Nero,  1675,  Lee.     T. 
Nerone,  1700,  Handel.    0. 
Nervous  Man,  19th  cent.,  B.  Bernard.    C. 
Never  too  Late,  1690,  Greene.    C. 
Never  too  Late  to  Mend  (It's),  1878,  Reade.    C. 
New  Inn  or  The  Light  Heart,  1630,  Jonson.    C. 
New  Peerage  (The),  1830,  Misa  Lee.     0. 
New  Way  to  1'ay  Old  Debts:  1625,  Massinger.  C. 
New    Wonder,    a   Woman   Never   Vcxt,    1532, 

Row  ley.    C. 
Nice  Firm  (A),  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Nice  Valour,  1647,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.     C. 
Nicholas  Flam,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Nicomede,  1671,  J.  Dancer.    T.C.  (from  P.  Cor- 

neille). 
Nil  1- lungen,  1850,  Wagner.    0. 
Niglit  Walker,  1610,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.    C. 
Nine  Points  of  the  Law,  19th  cut.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Ninette  ;i  la  Cour,  18th  cent.,  Favart.    O.C. 
Ninas  II.,  1814,  Hiifaut.    T. 
No  Song  no  Supper,  1790,  Hoare.    Mu.E.  (music 

by  St.  mice). 
No  Wit  like  Woman's,  1C57,  Greene.     C. 
Noble  Gentleman,  ion,  Beanmunl  and  Fletcher. 
Nobleman  (The),  17th  cent.,  Tonmenr.    T.C. 

(The  manuscript  of  ibis  play  was  destroyed 

bv  the  took  of  Mr.  Wurbuitoti  the  Somerset 

herald.) 
Nobody  and  Somebody,  1606,  Trundell. 
Noces  de  Gamache,  l^.v.  Mendelssohn.    O. 
Nonjuror  (Tlu),  1706, Cibber.   C.  (from  Moliere's 

Thrtuffe;  copyright  was  £105). 
Nonne   Sanglante,  1854,  Deluvigne.     0.  (music 

by  Gounod). 
Norma,  1831,  Eh  UlnL    0.  (libretto  by  Romani). 
Northern  Law(27ae),  1632,  Brome.     C. 
Northward  Hoe!  1607,  Dekker. 
Not  so  BadasweSeem.abont  1*51,  lord  Lytton.C. 
Notaire  Oblig' ant,  1650,  Dancourt.    C. 
Note  of  Hand  or  Trip  to   Newmarket,  1777, 

Cumberland.     C. 
Notoriety,  1765  1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Notre  Dame,  19th  cent.,  Victor  Hugo.     D. 
Nouveau    Puurceaugnac,    before    1822,  Scribe. 

Pt.Pc. 
Nouveau  Seigneur  dn  Village,  1813, Boieldieu.  0. 
None    di     Figaro,    1786,    Mozart.       0.      (See 

"Manage    de    Figaro.")     (Sir   H.    Bishop 

altered  this  opera.) 
Nuit  Blanche  (Cue),  19th  cent.,  Offenbach.  O.Bf. 
Nuitile  Noel(/xz),  1848,  Eteber.    0. 
Nuits  'I\  rribles,  1821,  St.  Georges.    O.C. 


Oberon,  1616,  Jonson.    C. 

Oberon,  1824,  \\ '«  her.    0.  (libretto  by  Blanche). 

Oberto  di  Bonifazio,  1839,  verdi.    O. 

Octaviw,  1566,  Nuce.  T.  (Seneca's  play  done  into 

Bngllsh). 
OUavia.    17X1,    Allien.       T.     (See   "Virtuous 

Oetavia.") 
Octavius,  1761-1819,  Kotzebue.    H.D. 
Octoroon,  1861,  BoncicanU.     I). 

Odeli,  1<56-18^9,  Leopold.      T. 


Odette,  1832,  Deadde.     D. 

GSdipe,  1659,  Corneille.    T. 

OCdipe,  1718,  Voltaire.    T. 

G:dipe,  1781,  Sacchini.    O. 

Oidipe  Rol,  1798,  Chenler.    T. 

GCdipc  a  Colone,  1796,  Chenier.    T. 

CEdipe  chez  Admete,  1778,  Ducis.     T. 

Uidipus,  1563,  Nevyle.    T.  (Seneca's  play  don* 

into  Knglish). 
GSdipus,  before  1690,  Dryden  and  Lee. 
GCnone,  1804,  Kalkbrenner.    O. 
UOuvrcs  du  Demon  (I*es),  1854,  Boole.    D. 
Old  Bachelor,  1693,  Congreve.    C. 
Old  Fortunatus.    (See  "  Fortunatus.") 
Old   Heads    and    Young   Hearts,   1843,   Boucl- 

cault.     C. 
Old  Law  (Vie),  1599,  Middleton  and  Rowley.    G 

(altered  by  Massing,  r). 
Old  Maid  ('Ihe),  176],  Murphy.     F. 
Old  Maids,  1841,  Knowles.    C. 
Old  Martin's  Trials,  I9tli  tent. .Stirling.    Dom.D. 
Old  Troop,  1672,  Lacy.    C. 
O.d   Wives'  Tale,  1590,   Peele.     C.    (Milton'* 

Comns  la  indebted  to  this  comedy.) 
Oidcastle  (Sir  John),  1600,  Monday  and  Dray 

ton.    T.  (one  of  the  "spurious  plays"  of 

Shakespeare). 
Olimpiade,  1719,  Leo.     0. 
Olive  (//').     (See  •'  Mons.  I)  Olive.") 
Olivia,    1*78,    W.    G.    Wills.       0.    (a   dramatic 

version  of  Goldsmith's  Vicarof  Wakejuld). 
Olympiads,  1761,  Ptodnl    O. 
Olymple,  lsuo,  Kalkbrenner.    O. 
Olympic,  l^Ji),  Brifant.    O.  (music  by  Spontini). 
Oncle  Valet,  it;'-,  DeUamarU.    O.C. 
Ondine,  lsio,  Hoffmann.    O. 
One  or  a  Monarchy,  posthumous  1805,  Alflerl. 

C.   (subject,    It.irius    chosen    king    by   the 

in  Igbing  of  bis  horse). 
One  o'clock  or  The  Wood  Demon,  1811,  Lewis. 

G.O.U. 
One  Snowy  Night,  •  Ware.   C.  (translated  from 

the  French). 
Op  ra  Comique,  1799,  Dellamaria.    O.C. 
Orators  (The),  1762,  Foote.    F. 
Ordinary  (The),  1647,  Cartwright. 
Oreste,  1750,  Voltaire.     T. 
Ore*te  et  Pylade,  1695,  Lagrange.    T. 
Orestes,  1783,  Alfieri.    T. 
Orfeo,  1483,  Poliziauo.     (See  ■  Orpheus.") 
Orfeo,  1764,  GlQck.    0.  (libretto  by  Calzablgi). 
Orientates  (Let),  1828,  V.  Hugo.     R.D. 
Orlginaux  (/>«),  1693,  Lamotte. 
Orlandino,  1526,  Folengo.     B. 
Orlando  Furloso,  1594,  Greene.  (See "  Bombasts* 

Furioso.") 
Ormasdes,  1612-1690,  Henry  Kllllgrew. 
Oroonoko,   1696,  Southerne.    T.  (Mrs.   Behn's 

m>vi  1  dramatized). 
Orphan  (77ie),  1680,  Otway.    T. 
Orphan  of  China  (The),  1761,  Murphy.    T.  (Vol- 
taire's Orpliclin  de  la  Chine). 
Orphan  of  the  Frozen  Sea,  1866,  Stirling.     N.D. 
Orphee,  1677-1758,  Lagrange.    O. 
Orphelln  de  la  Chine  (/,'),  1760.  Voltaire.    T. 
Orpheus  and  Eurydice,  1705,  Dennis.    T.    (See 

"  Orfeo.") 
Orpheus  and  Eurydice,  1730-1805,  King. 
Orti  Esperidi  (<>li),  1722,  Metastasio.  O.  (mule 

by  Porpora). 
Oscar  and  Malvina,  1764-1829,  Shield.    O. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1161 


Otello.  1816,  Rossini.    0. 

Othello,  1602,  Shakespeare.     T. 

Othon,  1664,  Comcille.    T. 

Our  American  Cousin,  19th  cent.ToraTaylor.  C. 

Our  Boys,  1875,  H.  J.  Byrou.    C. 

Our  Clerks,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor, 

Our  .Mary  Anne,  19th  cent.,  liuckstone. 

Ours,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.    0. 

Ours   et   la   Pacha   (/.«),    before   1322,   Scribe. 

rt.rc. 

Outtara-Kama-Tsch<-ritra,  8th  cent.,  Bhava- 
bhouti.  Myt.D.  (translated  by  Wilson  in 
his  Indian  Theatre). 

^Overland  Route.  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor.     C. 


Padlock  {The),  1768,  Bickerstaff.    O.F. 
Page  {The),  1765-1841,  Reynolds.    C. 
Palace  of  Truth,  19th  cent.,  Gilbert.     Fy.C. 
Pala?mon  and  Arcyte,  1566,  Edwardes.      D. 
Palestine,  1775-1847,  Crotch.    Or. 
PallantusandEudora,  1611-1685,  T.Killigrew.T. 
Pamela,  before  1770,  Love.    C. 
Panel    {The),    1757-1823,    Kemble.      (This    is 

BickerstafPs  comedy  of  'Wis   Well  'lis   no 

Worse  reset.) 
Panurge,  1785,  Gretry.    0. 
Papal  Tyranny,  1745,  Cibbcr.    T. 
Paracelsus,  1836,  R.  Browning.     1) 
Parasitaster,  1606,  Marston.    0. 
Paria  (U),  1821,  Delavigne.     T. 
Pari*  {The),  1826,  Beer.  T.  (the  above  in  English). 
Paris  et  Londres,  1827,  Dartois. 
I'aiisien  {Le),  1838,  Delaporte. 
Parislna,  1833,  Donizetti.    0. 
Parliament  of  Love,  1625,  Massinger.     C. 
Parolle  et  Izidora,  1703-1758,  Theo.  Gibber.     C. 

(copyright  was  £36  10s.). 
Parson's  Wedding,  1666,  Killigrew.    0 
Parted,  1799-1838,  Reeve.     C. 
Paxqnale  {Don),  1843,  Donizetti.    O. 
Passions  {Plays  of  ttie),  1798-1812,  J    Baillie. 

C.  and  T. 
Past  Ten  o'clock,  1771-1841,  Dilxlin. 
Pastorale  Comique,  1666,  Moliere. 
Patient  Grissil,  1603   Chettie  and   Dekker.     C. 

(drawn  from  a  novel  by  Boccaccio). 
Patrician's  Daughter,  19th  cent.,  W.  Marston.   T. 
Patron  {The),  1764,  Footc.     F. 
Pattie  and  Peggie,  1739,  T.  Cibbcr.     B.O. 
Paul,  1836,  Mendelssohn.    Or. 
Paul  Pry,  19th  cent.,  Poole.    F. 
Paul  and  Virginia,  1756-1818,  Cobb.     Mu.E. 
Paul  and  Virginia,  1768-1814,  Mazzhingi.     0. 
Paul  and  Virginia,  *  Favieres.     T. 
Pauline,  1841,  Labrousse.     C. 
Payable  on  Demand,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Pedre  {Don),  1857,  Cormon.    D. 
Pedro  de  Portugal  {Von),  1828,  Gil  y  Zarate.   D. 
Peep    Behind    the  Curtain,   1767  (ascribed    to 

Garrick  and  to  King).    F. 
Pelayo,  18th  cent.,  Jovellanos.     T. 
Pelenn  Blanc  {U),  1811,  Guilbert  de  Tixcre- 

court. 
Pelopides,  1763,  Voltaire.     T. 
Penelope,    1785,    Marmontel.    0.    (music    by 

Piccini). 
Percy,  1777,  Hannah  More.     T. 
Pere  de  Famille,  1758,  Diderot.    C. 
Pericles  Prince  of  Tyre,  1609,  Shakespeare.    T. 
Perjured  Husband,  1700,  Ceutlivre.    C. 


Perkin  Warbev-k,  1635,  Ford.     H.D. 

Perie  Noire,  1862,  Sardoo. 

Perplexed  Couple  {The),  1706-1767,  Molloy.     a 

Perplexed  Lovers,  1712,  Centlivre.    C. 

Persian  Prince,  1682,  Southerns.    T. 

Pertharite,  1653,  Corneille.    T. 

Pewterer  {The),  1747,  Holbery.     B.n. 

Phaidra  and  Hippolytus,  1680,  Smith  (realised 

£5011. 
Pharamond,  1736,  Cahusac.    T. 
Phedre,     1677,     Racine.      T.     (imitated     from 

Euripides). 
Phedre  et  Hippolyte,  1677,  I'radon.     T.  (a  rival 

play)- 

Fhilaster  or  Love  Lies  a- Bleeding,  1622,  Fletcher 

(Beaumont  died  1616).     T. 
Philip  II.,  1783,  Altieri.     T. 
Philip  von  Aitevelde,  1834,  H.  Taylor.     D.Pm. 
Philippe  II.,  1764-1811,  Chenier.     D. 
Philoctete,  1783,  Laharpe.    T. 
Philosophe  sans  l'Sa voir  (/ye),  1765,  Sedaine.   C. 
Philosopher's    Stone    {Tlie),    19th    cent.,    Tom 

Taylor. 
Philtre  {Le),  1830,  Scribe.     0. 
Phoenix  {The),  1607,  Middleton. 
Phrenologist,  1835,  Coyne. 
Phrosine  et  Melldor,  1794,  Mehnl.    O.C. 
Piccolino,     1875,    Guiraud.     0.    (libretto     by 

Sardou). 
Picture  (  The),  1629,  Massinger. 
Pierce  Penniless  {Supplication  <;/"),  1592,  Naak. 
Pierre  et  Catherine,  1829,  St.  Gi -urges. 
Pierre  le  Grand,  1854,  Meyerbeer.     0. 
Pilgrim  {The),   1621,  Fletcher  (IWuniont  died 

1616).    (Altered  by  Vanbrugo  in  1699.) 
Pilot  (77m;),  19th  cent.,  Fiteball.     N.Nlta. 
Pinsfure  (fl.M.S.).  1878,  Gilbert  and  Sullivan. 

N.C.Opta, 
Piperman's  Predicaments,  *  Ware.     F.  (traua* 

lated). 
Pippa  Passes,  19th  cent.,  R.  Browning. 
Pirata  {II),  1806-1835,  Bellini.     0. 
Pirates,  1763-1796,  Storace.     Mu.O. 
I'izarro,   1799,  Sheridan.     T.  (from  Kotzebue'e 

drama  The  Spaniard  in  I'eru,  1797). 
Plaideurs    {Iazs),    1668,    Racine.     C.    (imitated 

from  the  Wasps  of  A  ristophanes). 
Plain  Dealer,  1677,  Wycnerly.    C. 
Platonic  Love,  1707,  Centlivre.    C. 
Play,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.    C. 
Plays  Of  the  Passions,  1798-1812,  J.  Baillie.    T. 

and  C. 
Plot  and  Passion,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor,  etc 
Plus   Beau  Jour  de  la  Vie  (/x:),  before  1*2^ 

Scribe.    Pt.Pc. 
Poetaster  {The),  1601,  Jonson.    Sat.C.  (in  which 

Dekker  is  satirized  as  "  Oi  ispinus  ''). 
Poets  {The),  1774,  Alfieri.    F. 
Polidoro,  1788,  Bandettini. 
Polinice,  1783,  Allleri.     T. 
Polish  .lew  (77ie),  •  Ware. 

Belli,  1874). 
Polly  Honeycombe,  1760,  Colman.    D.N. 
Polyeucte,  1610,  Corneille.    T. 
Polyxene,  lose.  Lafosse.    T. 
Pompee,  1592,  Gamier.    T. 
Pompee,  1611,  Corneille.     T. 
Pompey  the  Great,  1595,  Kyd.    T.  (burro was 

from  the  Pompee  of  Gamier). 
Poor  Gentleman,  1*02.  Colman.    C. 
Poor  Jack,  19th  cent.,  Bucksione. 


D.  (altered  Into  77m 


1151 


APPENDIX  I. 


Poor    Soldier,    1798,    O'Keefe.    O.    (music    by 

Shield). 
Pope  ills  Metaphysiker,  1754,  Leasing  (music  by 

Mendelssohn). 
Popping  the  Question,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Popularite.  1838,  IMavlgne.     C. 
Postilion  de  Lonjumeau  (Ae),  1836,  Adam.    O.C. 
Poulet  et  Poulette,  1878,  Herri.     BO. 
Pourceaugnac  (Moris.),  1609,  Moliere.     C. 
Prccicuses  Kidicules,  1659,  Muliere.    C. 
Premier  Jour  de  Bonheur  (/,«),  i86i,  Auber.   0. 
Presumptive  Evidence,  lOthoenL,  BockBtooe, 
Pretty  Ksmeralda  and  Captain  Phoebus  of  Ours, 

1879,  H.  J.  Byron.     B. 
Pride  shall  have  a  Fall,  1825,  Croly.    C. 
Priestess  (Ttie),  1*55,  Sargent, 
Prince  Dorue,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Prince  of  llomburg,  1776-111 1,  Kleist.      D. 
Princesse  Aurelie  (Is),  1838,  Delavigne.     C. 
Princeaee  d'Ellde,  1064,  Moliere.    C 
1'rincesse  de  Navarre,  17  l(,  Voltaire.     0. 
Prisoner  of  State,  1847,  Stirling.-    D. 
Prisoner  of  War,  i<n,  Jerrold.    C. 
Prlsonnler  (2>),  1796,  Dellamaria.     O.C. 
Procnrenr  Arbltre  (£e),  nth  cent.,  R.  Poisson.  C. 
Prodigal  Son  (The),  1739-1863,  Arnold.    O. 
promethena  Bonndg  I860,  K.  Browning.    T. 
Prometheoa  Unbound,  1826,  Shelley.    Cl.D. 
Promoa   ami  Caaaandra    1678,   Wnetatone.    C. 

( This  is  the  qnarrj  ofShakeepeareli  Measure 

for  Aleasuri .) 
Proneurs  (l*±)  or  1*1  TartufTe   I.itrArair- •,    lJ"i 

cent,     1  >i  >r.»t.        Sail),      (directed    against 

L/Atombert  and  his  tet). 
I'roof,  1m7h,  Burnard.   (Thislsan  Knglisb  version 

of   I'm    (  bMW  '  i  U  hie. ) 

Propii.tr  (  U ).  1849,  Meyerbeer.    O.(llbretto  by 

,s«ril»>). 
Propheteaa  (The),  1647,  Beaumont  and- Fletcher. 
Proserpina,  1804,  Winter.    O. 
Proserpine,  1801,  Palstello.    o. 
ProtectenrYle),  1781-1867,  BrtfaaL    C. 
Provoked  Btaaband,  1726,  Vaabmgh     C.  (left 

unfinished  by  Vani >niph,  and  called  The 
Journey  to  Ixttvlon.  i  ibber  finished  the 
play,  and  changed  the  name) 

Provoked  Wife,  ic.i7,  Vanbrugh.     C. 

Provost  of  Bruges,  1x36,  Know  lea.    T. 

Psyche,  1671,  Moliere.     C. 

Psyche,  1675.  ShadwelL 

Pilh'lierie.  1*172.  t'orneille. 

Puritan  (  77u:)  or  The  Widow  of  Watllng  Street, 

1607,  * 
Puritani    (I),    1834.    BolllnL     0.   (libretto  by 

Pepoin, 

Puritan's  Daughter,  1861,  Balfe.     0. 

Purse   (77ie)  or  The  Benevolent  Tar,  •  Cross. 

Mu.K. 
Pygmalion,  1809,  Cherublnl.    O. 
Pygmalion  ami  Galatea,  19tfa  cent.,  dilliort,    D. 
Pyrame  et  Tblsbe,  1632-1698,  Pradbn.    T. 
Pyrame  el  Thisbt,  1677-1768,  Lagrange.    0. 
Pyrrhus  King  of  Egypt,  1695,  Hopkins,     T. 


IjztYpr  (The\  1777,  Dil>dln.     CO. 
Quarantine  (The).  *  Ware.     C. 
Qni-en  luta  of  Danmark,  19th  cent.,  Boje.    T. 
Queen  Man,  1766,  Barney.    0. 
Queen  Mary  [of  England],  1877   Tennyaon.    T. 
(.See  "  Mary  Tudor.") 


Queen  of  Corinth,  1617,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher* 
Queen  of  Scots  (77k),  about  1700,  Banks.    T. 
Queens,  1616,  Jonson. 
Queen's  Shilling  (77*),  1879,  Godfrey.     C.  (an 

Knglish   version  of    l'n    Fill  de   Famille; 

see  also  "  The  Discarded  Son.") 
Qui  Fein  me  a,  (ruerrea,  about  1830,  Broban.    0 
t^uitte  ou  Double,  about  1830,  Broban.    C 


Rabagas.  1872,  Sardon.     C. 

Rage,  1765-lH-ii,  Reynolds.     C. 

Ragout,     (See"Mons.  Ragout.") 

Raising  the  Wind,  1772-1840,  Kenney.    F. 

Rake  and  Mis  Pnpll(TV),  H34.  Buckstone.     0. 

Ralph   Roister   Mater,  1534,  Udal   (the    first 

Knglish  comedy)      (See  "G.imm'  rGurton's 

Needle  "  and  "  Mesogonu*.") 
Ram  Alley  or  Merry  Pricks,  1611,  Barry. 
Rambling  Lady,  baton  17J6,  Southerns.    C. 
Bane  of  Lucrece  (The),  before  1565,   Hey  wood 

T.      (S.  e  ••  Lin Telia.") 

ReTeodoro,  17-:.,  Pabriello.    0. 

•  |  T%t  \  1749  .     C. 

Recess  (The),  1786,  Mi**  1 
Reconciliation  Normande,  1719,  Dufresny.    C. 
latlon    or      1  he     Two    Brothers,    1797, 

KoOn  boa.    D. 
Recruiting  Offloef  (The),  1705,  Farquhar.    C. 
Recruiting   Sergeant   (The),  1735-1787,  Bicker- 

SUIT.     Mn  K. 
Reenter  poor  Mieux  Sauter,  1064,  Dartols.    C. 
Red  Cross  Knight,  1794,  Hulinan. 
!.e),  1831,  Ancelot.     V. 
r  Office  (Tlie),  1723-1787,  Reed.     F. 
i.uMi.,),   1740,  Metastasio.     0.     (Sea 

■•  BAgnloa.**) 
Regnlar  Fix.  1 76  i-is3*.  Morton.    C. 

-,  1633-1000,  Pradon.     T. 
Regains,  17:14-17*0,  C.  J.  Dorat.    T. 
Rehearsal  (The),  1671,  duke  of  Buckingham,    a 
Keinaid,  10th  cm.,  Ingiiiiaiiii 
Reins  do  Chypre  (Iai),  I7'j9-ix62,  Halevy.    O. 
Reina  da  Qaloonau,    (Bet  "  Aline/'  etc.) 
Berne  de  Saba,  i«62,  Ue— od.    O.  (libretto  by 

CurreV 
Relapse  (The),  1697,  Vanbrugh  (altered  by  She- 

ridan  Into  The  Trip  to  Nc<i>6oouyA,  1777). 
Remorse,  1797,  acted  1813,  fTnkrMejn     T. 

■  us  Boorgeota  (Us),    1794,  Hoffmann. 

O.C.  (music  by  Mehul). 
Rene(:ado(77ie)1  1621,  Massinger. 
lU-nt  Day,  ls30,  Jerrold.    C.   (His  offer  of  the 

copyright  for  £5  was  rafaaedj 
nwmiwl.  1^7'.t,  Ikiucicault.     Sen.D. 
Retaliation,  1763-1020,  Macnally.    F. 
Retool  de  Hepolebn,  1041,  Bekmr,    D. 
Ketrihution,  1060,  II -nneit  and  Tom  Taylor.  H.P. 
Revenge,  1721,  Young.    T. 

r's    Tragedy  (The),  17th   cent^  Tour- 

neur.    T. 
Reven  de  la  Medallla  (/>),  1861,  Demollere. 
Review  (Th>)  or  Wags  of  Windsor,  1798,  Col- 

inin.     F. 
Rich  Jew  Of  Malta,  1680,  Marlowe.     T. 
Rich  and  Poor,  1812,  Lewis.     C.0. 
Richard  OOBOT  de  I.ion,  1781,  Sedaine.     0.  (music 

by  GK-try). 
Richard  C.rur  de  I.|,,n.  17*2,  Burgoyne.     H.R. 

(the  shore  Anglicised). 
Richard Cosurde  Lion,  1752-1820,  Macnally.     O. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1158 


Richard  Coeur  de  Lion,  1863,  Benedict.     0. 
Richard  II.,  1597,  Shakespeare.     H.D.  (imitated 

from  Mario we's  Edward  II.,  1592). 
Richard  III.,  1597,  Shakespeare.     H.T. 
Richard  Duke  of  York,  1 600,  * 
Richelieu,  1839,  lord  Lytton.     H.P1. 
Richelieu  (Iax  Jeunesse  d>),  1833,  Ancelot.    V. 
Rienzi,  1828,  Miss  Mitford.     T. 
Rienzi,  1841,   Wagner.    0.  (libretto  by  Jack- 
son). 
Right    Woman,    posthumous   1G47,   Beaumont 

and  Fletcher.    C. 
Rigoletto,  1852,  Verdi.    0.  (libretto  from  Victor 

Hugo). 
Rimini  (Francesca  di),  1819,  Pellico.     T.  (an 

episode  in  Dante's  Inferno). 
Rina'.do,   1711,   Hill.    O.  (music    by  Handel  ; 

this  was  the  first  piece  he  set  to  music). 
RiTal  Candidates,  1775,  Dudley.    C. 
Rival  Ladies,  1663,  Dryden.    C. 
Rival  Modes,  1726,  Moore.    C. 
Rival  Queens,  1678,  Lee.    T.    (See  "  Alexander 

the  Great.") 
Rivals  (The),  1775,  Sheridan.    C. 
Rivals  (The),  1830,  Balfe.     O.  (I  Kivali). 
Road  to  Ruin,  1792,  Holcroft.     C. 
Roaring  Girl  (The),  1611,  Middleton.    C. 
Rob  Roy,  1832,  Flotow.    0. 
Rob  Roy  Mac  Gregor,  1782-1835,  Pocock.     O.D. 

(from  sir  W.  Scott's  novel). 
Robbers  (The),  1781,  Schiller.    T. 
Robbers  of  Calabria,  *  Lane.    D.  (adapted). 
Robert  le  Diable,  1831,  Meyerbeer.    O.  (libretto 

by  Scribe). 
Robin  Hood,  pt.  i.  1597,  Munday.    D. 
Robin  Hood,  pt.  ii.  1598,  Chettle.     D. 
Robin  Hood,  1741,  Dr.  Arne  and  Burney.    O. 
Robin    Hood,    1787,    O'Keefe.    0.    (music    by 

Shield). 
Robin  Hood,  1752-1820    Macnally.    CO.    (See 

"Death  of  Robert  Earl  of  Huntington.") 
Robin  des  Bois,  1821,  Weber.    O. 
Robinson    Crusod,   1805.    Guilbert  de    Pixere- 

court.     V. 
Robinson  Crusoe,  1806,  Pocock  (the  above  in 

English). 
Rock  of  Rome,  1849,  Knowles.    H.P1. 
Roderigo,  1706,  Handel.     O. 
Rodogune,  1646,  Corneille.    T. 
Rodolphe,  before  1822,  Scribe.    Pt.Po. 
Roef-Krage,  1770,  Ewald.    D. 
Roi  Faineant  (U).  1830,  Ancelot.    T. 
Roi  d'Yvetot  (U),  1842,  Adam.  O.C.  (suggested 

by  Beranger's  song). 
Roi  et  le  Fermier,  1762,  Sedaine.    O.C.  (music 

by  Monsigny). 
Roister  Doister  (Ralph),  1534,  TJdal.    C.    (This 
was  the  first  English  comedy.    For  the  first 
European  comedy,  see  "  Calandria.") 
Roland,  1778,  Piccini.    O. 
Roland  for  an  Oliver,  1819,  Morton.   C. 
Rolla,  1798,  Kotzebue.     T. 
Rolla,  1799,  Lewis.    T.  (from  the  above). 
Rollo,  posthumous  1639,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
Roman  Actor,  1626,  Ma-ssinger. 
Roman  Comique  (U),  1861,  Offenbach.    O.Bf. 
Roman  F'ather,  1741,  Whitehead.    T. 
Roman  Revenge,  1753,  Hill. 
Roman  d'Une  lleure  or  La  Folle  Gagcnrc,  1*03, 

Hoffmann.     O. 
Romance  for  an  Hour,  1771,  Kelly. 
40 


Rome  Sauvee,  1752,  Voltaire.    T. 

Romeo    and    Juliet,    1595,    Shakespeare.     V, 
(printed  1597). 

Romeo  et  Juliette,  1828,  Soulie.    T.  (imitated 
from  the  above). 

Romildare  Constanza,  1819,  Meyerbeer.    0. 

Romp  (The),  *  Anon.    CO.  (altered  from  Bicker- 
staff's  Love  in  the  City). 

Rosalinda,  1762,  Lockman.    Mu.D. 

Rosamond,  172s,  Addison.    0.  (music  by  Arne). 

Rosamond  (Fair),  1879,  Tennyson.    T. 

Rosamond  (The  Fair),  1812,  Korner.    T.    (See 
"  Rosmonda.") 

Rose  Blanche  (Im.)  et  la  Rose  Rouge,  1809,  Guil- 
bert de  Pixerecourt.    D.  (Sec  "Two  Roses.") 

Rose  de  St.  Fleur  (La),  19th  cent.,  Offenbach 
O.Bf. 

Rose  et  Colas,  1764,  Sedaine.    O.C. 

Rose  of  Arragon,  1842,  Knowles.    D. 

Rose  of  Castille,  1857,  Balfe.    0. 

Rosiere  de  Salency  (La),  1774,  Gretry.    0. 

Rosiere  et  Norrice,  1842,  Barriere.    D. 

Rosina,  1767,  Mrs.  Brooke.    0. 

Rosina,  1783,  Shield.    O. 

Rosmonda,  1525,  Rucelleri.    T. 

Rosmunda,   1783,   Alfieri.    T.  (based  on  Ban- 
dello's  novel). 

Rosmunda,  1840,  Gil  y  Zarate.    (See   "  Henry" 
and  "  Complaint.') 

Rosten  i  Oerken,  1815,  Ingemann. 

Rough  Diamond,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone.    Cdta. 

Rover  (The),  1680,  Mrs.  Bchn.     C. 

Roxana,  1772,  Magnocavallo.     T.  (a  prize  play). 

Royal  Command  (By),  lutli  cent.,  Stirling.    CO. 

Royal  Convent.  170s,  Rowe.    T. 

Royal  King  and  Loyal  Subject  (The),  1737,  Hey. 
wood.    T.C 

Royal  Martyr  (T7ie),  1669,  Dryden.    T. 

Royal  Shepherdess,  1669,  Shadwell. 

Rubans  d'lvonne,  1850,  Thiboust. 

Rugantio,  1805,  Lewis.    Mel. 

Ruines  de   Babylone  (Les),  1810,  Guilbert  de 
Pixerecourt. 

Ruines.  de  Vaudemont,  1845,  Boule. 

Rule  a  Wife  and  Have  a  Wife,  1640,  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher.    C  (altered  by  Garrick). 

Runaway  (The),  1776,  Mrs.  Cowley.    C. 

Rural  Felicity,  1834,  Buckstone. 

Ruy  Bias,  1840,  Victor  Hugo.    R.D.  (Fechter  pro- 
duced a  bad  English  version  about  1863.) 

Sabots  de  la  Marquis,  1854,  Boulanger.    O.C. 
Sacrifice  d'lphige'nie,  1861,   Dennery.    T.    (See 

"lphigenle.") 
Sad  Shepherd  (left  at  death  unfinished,  1$37)» 

Jonson.    P. 
Sailor's  Daughter  (The),  1800,  Cumberland.    G. 
St.  Genest,  1641,  Rotrou.    T. 
St.  Patrick's  Day,  1775,  Sheridan.    C 
St.  Peter,  1866,  Benedict.    Or. 
Saint's  Tragedy,  1848,  Kingsley.    T. 
Samor,  1818,  Milman. 
Samson,  1742,  Handel.     Or. 
Samson  Agonistes,  1671,  Milton.    Cl.T. 
Sapho,  1850,  Gounod.     O. 
Sappho  and  I'haon,  1584,  Lyly.    Myt.D. 
Saratoga,  19th  cent.,  IS.  Howard  (brought  out  in 

London  under  the  title  of  BrightonX 
Sardanapalus,  1819,  Byron.    T. 
Salauella,  1858,  Balfe.     O. 

4    B 


1154 


APPENDIX  I. 


Batlro-maBtix,  1002,  Dekker.    Sat.C.  (In  which 
Ben  Jonson  is  satirized  under  the  name  of 
"  Horace,  Junior"). 
Saucy  Valuta,  1730-1805,  King. 
Saul,  m<,  Randal    Or. 
Saul,  1739,  Hill.    T. 
Saul,  17*2.  Alfleri,    T. 
Saul,  1801,  Kalkbrenner.    Or. 
Saul  (K^iiy),  1*39,  Outaikow.     O. 
Saw ney  the  Boot ,  1 633 - 1  6 B l ,  I^acy.    C. 
Scapegoat  (Tltc),  *  Poole.    F. 
BcbolaT  (The),  i79i-if>o*,  Lover.    C. 
Scholar  (77k),  l'JtJi  cut.,  Buckstone. 
School,  1Mb  cent.,  Robertaon,    C. 
School  for  Arrogance,  If 46-1800,   Holcroft.    C. 
School  for  Authors,  1770-1804,  Totata.    C. 
School  for  Grown  Children,  1836,  Morton.    C. 
School  for  Orown  Gentlemen,  1827,  Morton.    C. 
School  for  Ixvcrs,  1763,  Whitehead.     C.     (See 

"  L'r.cole  del  Amante.") 
School  for  Scandal.  1777,  Sheridan.  C.  ("  Charles  " 

and  "  Josepb  8n  rface "  are  c<  >plcs  of  Fielding's 

•'Tom  Jones"  and  "Blifil") 
School     for     Wives,     1771,     Kelly.     C.     (See 

"  L'toole  6V  I  R  mines.") 
8chool   of    Reform,    1817,    Morton.     C.     (See 

"L'F.cole.") 
Bcipio  Africanus,  1729,  Becklngham.    T.  (from 

1'riuloii'n  Sdpion  I'A/ruaiu). 

Scipion  I'Africaln,  16X3-1696,  Pradoa.    T. 

Scornful  Lady,  lGie,  3eanmont  and  Fletcher.  C. 

Scourge  of  Villain.-,  109.x,  Mari-ton. 
Booweren  (The),  1691,  ShndwelL    C. 
Scythe*,  no).  Voltaire.    T. 
Sea-Captaln  (7V),  1839,  Lyttoa.    C. 
Sea-Voyage  v77i<),  |»y<tliiiiiious  1647,  Bcanmont 

and  Fletcher.    C. 
Seartli  after  Happmem.  1778,  XL  More.  P.   (Her 

first  production.    Aged  17.) 
Seasons  (The),  1*00,  Haydn.     O. 
Sehiistian.     (See  "  I>on  Sebastian.") 
Second   Maiden's  Tragedy,  befon  1620,  Anon. 

T.  (ascribed  to  Chapman). 
Second  Thought*.  19th  ant.,  Buckstone. 
Secret   (U),  1793,  Hoffmann.     O.C.   (music  by 

Mehul). 
Secrets  Worih  Knowing,  1798,  Morton.     C. 
Secretaire  et  le  Cuisinier  (L«).  before  1823,  Scribe. 

I't.l'c. 
Sejanus,  1603,  Jonson.    T. 
BejOUT  Militaire,  1*13,  Auber.     0. 
Selindra,  1611-1685,  ITionias  Killigrew. 
Semele,  1698,  Congreve.    0. 
Semlramide,  1729,  Metastasio.    0. 
Semiramide,  1819,  Meyerbeer.    0. 
Semiraiuide,  1823,  Rossini.    0. 
8emiramis,  1748,  Voltaire.    T. 
Serall,  1782,  Mozart.    0. 
Serious  Family,  •  Barnett. 
Serious  Family  (A),  about  1850,  Buckstone. 
Sertorius,  1662,  Corneille.    T. 
Rervius  Tullius,  1826,  Bouzique.    T. 
Sesostris,  1667,  A  more.     T. 
Shaughraun.  19th  cent.,  Boiiclcanlt     D. 
She  Stoops  to  Conquer,  1773,  Goldsmith.     C 
She  Would  and  She  Would  Not,  1703,  Cibber.   C. 
She  Would  if  She  Could,  1668,  Ktherrge.    C. 
Hhepberd  of  Token,  i*-'.».  Ingemann. 
Shepherd's  Artltice,  1757,  DiMin. 
Shown— er*  a  Gentleman  (A),  17th  cent.,  Row- 

Wr.     C. 


Shore.    (See  "Jane  Shore.") 

Si  j  etals  Rol,  1854.  Adam.     PtPc. 

Sicilian  Vespers,  1772-1849,  Kenney. 

Sicilian    Vespera,    1819,    Dclavlgnc.      T.    (See 

"  Veep 
Sicilien  ou  L' Amour  Peintre,  1667,  Mallere.    C 
Siege  of  Aguileia,  1760,  Home. 
Siege  of  Belgrade,  1796.  Cobb.    CO.  (music  by 

Storace;    an    English   version  of  La   Ccta 

Rara). 
Siege  of  Berwick,  1727-1812,  Jernlngham     T 
Siege  of  Calais,  1762-1836,  Colman.     H.D. 
Siege  of  Damascus,  1720,  Hughes.     T. 
Siege  of  Grenada,  1671,  Drydeav    H  PI 
Siege  of  lochia,  1778-1824,  Kemp.    0. 
f  Rhodes,  1006,  Davenant.    0. 

He,  i-35.  Balm,    O. 
f  Sinojie,  1765,  Miss  Brooke. 
Siege  of  I'rbin,  1611-16*5,  Thomas  Killlgrew. 
Silent  Woman  (The),  1009,  Jonson.    C. 
Sihia,  1731.  Lillo. 
Single,  about  1*35,  Buckstone.    C. 
Sir  Courtlej  Nice,  16*5,  Orowne.     C. 
Sir   Fopling    Mutter.    1676,   Etberege.    C   (the 

second  title  of  The  Man  qf  Mode). 
Sir  George  Ktberege's  Comical  Revenge,  164> 

1688,  Mrs.  Behn.    C. 
Sir  Harry  Gay  love,  1772,  Miss  Marshall.    C. 
Sir  llan-y  WiUiiir.  1701,  Farquhar.     C 
Sir  Hercules  Buffoon,  1622-1681,  Lacy.    C. 
Sir  John  Cockle  at  Court,  1737,  Dodsley.    F. 
Six  John  Oldcastle.     (See  "  Oldcastle.") 
Sir  M  irmaduke  Maxwell.  1827,  Cuuningham.    C 
Sir   Salomon  or    1  he   Cautious  Coxcomb,  1715 

CaryL     G 
Sir    Thomas    Ovrrbury's    Life    and    Untimely 

Death,  1614,  Ford.    T. 
Sir  Thomas  Overbury,  1726,  Savags.  T.  (brought 

him  £200). 
Sir  Walter  Kaleigh,  1720,  SewelL    T. 
Sirene  (La),  1844,  Scribe.    O.C 
Siroe  (ll),  1728,  Metastasio.     0. 
Bbti  rs  (The),  1769,  Mrs.  Lennox.    C 
SI  ive  (The),  1816,  Bishop.    0. 
Slave  Life,  lath  cent.,  Tom  Taylor,  etc. 
Sleeping  Beauty,  l*tb  cent.,  Skefflngton.     IS 
Snake  in  the  Grass,  1759,  HUL     C.  (altered  •» 

Buckstone,  19th  cent.). 
Society,  19th  cent.,  Robertson.    C 
Sofonisbe,  1718,  Leo.    0.  iSee  "Sophomaoe, 

etc.) 
Soiree  a  la  Bastille,  1846,  Decourcelle.    C 
Soiree  d'Auteuil  (La),  1804,  Andrieux.    C 
Soldier  (Tne),  1791-1868,  Lover. 
Soldier's  Daughter  (The),  1804,  Cherry.    C. 
Soldier's  Fortune,  1681,  Otway.    C. 
Soldier's  Return,  1805,  Hook.     C 
Soliraan  II.,  18th  cent.  Favart.    O.C. 
Solliciteur  (U),  before  1822,  Scribe.    Pt.Pt. 
Solomon,  1748,  Handel.    Or. 
Solomon,  1748,  Klopstock.    T. 
Somnambule  (/,«),  1819,  Delavigne.    IX 
Soiinamhula,    1831,    BellinL     0.    (libretto    n 

Scribe) 
Sophi  (Jhe),  1641,  Denham.    T. 
Sophonisba,     1614,    Trissino.       T.   (the   firm 

Italian  tragedy).    (See  "  Ferrex,"  etc) 
Sophonisba  or  The   Wonder  of  Wotwa,  1666, 

Marston.    T.    (Set  "  Sofonisbe.") 
Bopbonieba,  1739,  TbomaoB.    T. 
Sophonisba,  1788,  ilueri.     T. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1155 


Sophonlsbe,   1630,  Mairet.      T.  (imitated  from 

Trissino ;  the  first  French  tragedy). 
Sophonisbe,  17th  cent.,  Corneille.    T. 
Sophonisbe,  1677-1758,  Lagrange-Chancel.    T. 
Sorcerer  (The),  1876,  Gilbert  and  Sullivan.  Opta. 
Sorciere  (La),  1863,  Bourgeois  and  liarbier. 
Sordella,  19th  cent.,  R.  Browning. 
Sosies,  1639,  Rotrou.     C. 
Sot  toujours  Sot,  1693,  De  Brueys. 
Spaniard    in  Peru  (The),  1797,  Kotzebue.     T. 

(The  EngliBh  version  is  called  Pizarro.) 
Spanish  Curate  (The),  1622,  Fletcher  (Beaumont 

died  1616).    C. 
Spanish  Dollars,  1807,  Cherry.     M.D. 
Spanish  Fryar  (Tfie),  1680,  Dryden.    C. 
Spanish  Gipsy,  1653,  Middleton  and  Rowley.    C. 
Spanish  Tragedy  (The)  or  Jeronimo  Mad  Again, 

1605,  Kyd.    T.  (forming  pt.  ii.  to  Jeronimo). 
Spartacus,  1746,  Saurin.    T. 
Spartan  Dame  (The),  1719,  Southerne.    T. 
Speculation,  1765-1841,  Reynolds.     C. 
Speed  the  Plough,  1798,  Morton.    C. 
Sprigs   of   Laurel,    1747-1833,    O'Xeefe.    M.F. 

(music  by  Shield). 
Squeeze  to  the  Coronation,  1821,  Thomson. 
Squire    of   Alsatia   (The),   1688,   Shadwell.    C. 

(same  as  Gentlemau  of  Alsatia). 
Stage  Coach,  1704,  Farquhar.     C. 
Staple  of  News  (The),  Jonson.    C. 
Star  of  Seville,  1842,  Mrs.  Butler  (born  Kemble). 
State  Prisoner,  1847,  Stirling. 
State  of  Innocence,  1673,  Dryden.      D.Pm.  (a 

dramatic  version  of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost). 
Statira,  17th  cent.,  Pradon.    T. 
Stella,  1776,  Goethe.    D. 
Stella,  1843,  Anicet  Bourgeois.    D. 
Stepmother    (Vie),   1748-1825,  earl  of  Carlisle 

(Byron's  uncle).    T. 
Steward  (The).    (This  is  merely  The  Deserted 

Daughter,  of  Holcroft,  1785,  reset.) 
StUlcon,  1660,  T.  Corneille.     T. 
Still  Waters  Run  Deep,  19th  cent..  Tom  Tay- 
lor.   C. 
Stolen  Heiress,  1703,  Centlivre.    C. 
Stolen  Kisses,  19th  cent.,  P.  Merritt.    C 
Strafford,  1836,  R.  Browning.    H.T. 
Stranger  (The),  1797,  B.  Thompson.    D.  (from 

Misanthropy  and  Repentance,  by  Kotzebue). 

(Thompson's  version  was  greatly  altered 

in  1798  by  Sheridan.    It  is  the  latter  alone 

which  is  acted.) 
Straniera  (La),  1806-1835,  Bellini.    O. 
Stratonice,   1792,   Hoffmann.     O.C.  (music  by 

Mehul). 
Btreets  of  London,  1862,  Boucicault.    D. 
Stniensee,  1827,  Beer.    T. 
Such  Things  Are,  1786,  Inchbald.    PI.  (realized 

£410  12s.). 
Suite  du  Mentuer  (Im,),  1803,  Andrietuc.    C. 
Sullen  Lovers,  1668,  Shadwell.    C. 
Sultan  (The),  1775,  Bickerstaff.     F. 
Summer's  Last  Will,  etc.,  1600,  Nash. 
Summer's  Tale,  1768,  Cumberland.    CO.  (music 

by  Bach,  Arne,  and  others.   It  was  cut  down 

by  Cumberland  into  Amelia,  an  afterpiece). 
Sun's  Darling  (The),  1624,  Ford.    M. 
Supplication    of   Pierce    Penniless,  etc..   1592. 

Nash. 
Supplice  d'un  Homme,  1865,  Thiboust. 
Supposes,  1566,  Gascoigne.    C.  (from  Gli  Sup- 
positi,  of  Ariosto  ;  one  of  oar  earliest  dramas). 


Surena,  1674,  Corneille.    T. 

Surprise  (Agreeable),  1798,  O'Keefe.    C. 

Surrender  of  Calais,  1791,  Colman.     C. 

Suspicious  Husband  (Tlte),  1747,  Hoadly.    C. 

Svend  Dyring's  House,  19th  cent.,  Herz.    R.D. 

Sveud  Grathe,  19th  cent.,  Boje.     T. 

Sweethearts,  1874,  Gilbert.    C. 

Sweethearts  and  Wives,  1772-1849,  Kenney. 
Mu.C.  (music  by  Nathan). 

Sweetman,  the  Woman-Hater,  1610,  Anon.    C. 

Swindler  (The).  1704-1838,  Morton.    C. 

Sword  and  the  Hand,  1832,  Beer.    T. 

Sylvain,  1770,  Marmontel.  O.C.  (moeic  by 
G  retry). 

Sylvana,  1809,  Weber.  O.  (This  is  The  Wood- 
girl  altered.) 

Sylvester  Daggerwood,  1795,  Colman.    C. 

Sylvia,  1731,  Lillo. 


Tableau  Parlant  (U),  1769,  Gretry.    O. 

Tailors  (The),  *  Anon.    B.T. 

Tale  of  Mantua,  1830,  Knowles. 

Tale  of  Mystery,  1745-1809,  Holcroft.    Mil. 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  1618,  Jonson.    (His  last  comedy. 

Its  object  was  to  hold   up  luigo  Jones  to 

ridicule.) 
Tamburlaine,    1585,    Marlowe.    T.    (See    "Tl- 

mour.") 
Tamerlan,  17th  cent.,  Pradon.    T. 
Tamerlan  et  Bajazct,  1806,  Bishop.     BL 
Tamerlane,  1703,  Rowe.    T. 
Tamerlane,  1722,  Leo.    0. 
Taming  of  the  Shrew,   1593,  Shakespeare.    C 

(See  "  The  Honeymoon.") 
Tancred  and  Gismunda,  1568,  by  Hatton  and  four 

other  members  of  the  Inner  Temple.    T. 

(based  on  an  Italian  novel). 
Tancred  and  Sigismunda,  1745,  Thomson.    T. 
Tancrede,  1760,  Voltaire.    T. 
Tancredi,  1813,  Rossini.    O. 
Tannhauser,  1846,  Wagner.    O. 
Tante    (La)     et    le    Neveu,    1781-1857,    Bri. 

faut.    C. 
Tarare,  1787,  Beaumarchais.    O. 
Tartuffe,  1664,   Moliere.    C.    (See  "The  Non- 
juror.") 
Tasso  (Tvrquato),  1790,  Goethe.    T. 
Tasso  Refriede,  1819,  Ingemann.    D. 
Taste,  1752,  Foote.     F. 
Taverne  des  Etudiants  (Iai),  1854,  Sardou. 
Tekeli,   1803,  Guilbert  de   Pixerecourt.      MeL 

(done  iuto  English  by  Hook). 
Tell  (Guglielmo),   1829,   Rossini.    O.    (Sir  H 

Bishop  altered  this  opera.) 
Tell  (Guiilaume),  1766,  Lemiere.    T. 
Tell  (Guiilaume),  1772,  Sedaine.    O. 
Tell  (  Wilhdm),  1804,  Schiller.    T. 
Tell  (  William),  1840,  Knowlea.    T. 
Tell  (William),  19th  cent.,  Talfourd.    F. 
Temistocle,  1738,  Metastasio.    D. 
Tempest    (The),    1609,    Shakespeare.    C.    (flret 

mentioned  1611). 
Tempest  (The),  1668,  Dryden.    C.  (the  above 

altered). 
Temple  de  la  Gloire,  1744,  Voltaire.    O. 
Tender  Husband  (The),  1703,  Steele.    C, 
Tete  de  Mort  (La),  1827,  Guilbert  de  Pixere- 
court.   V. 
Theagene  et  Chariclee,  1662,  Racine.    T. 
Thebaide  (La),  1664,  Ruclne.    T. 


1166 


APPENDIX  I. 


Thebais,  1581,  Newton.    T  (Seneca's  play  done 

into  English). 
Themlstocle.    (See  "  Temistocle.") 
Theodosius    or    The    Force    of    Love,    1676, 

Lee.  T. 
Therese,  the  Orphan  of  Geneva,  •  Kerr.  Mel.R. 

(adapted). 
Thcsee,  1690,  Lafosse.    T. 
ThesenB,  1718,  Handel.     0. 
Thierry  and  Theodoret,   1621,  Fletcher  (Bcau- 

mont  died  1616). 
Thieves  of  Paris,  1H56,  Stirling.     D. 
Thimble  Rig  (The),  19th  cent.,  Buckstone.    F. 
Thirty  Years  of  a  Woman's  Life,  before  1834, 

Buckstone. 
Thomas.    (See  "  Mons.  Thomas.") 
Thomas  a  locket,  17-(0,  Tennyson.     T. 
Thomfie  Bod  Sally,  1696-1743,  Girey.     Mn.K. 
Three  ISIacK  Sals  (The),  1x64,  Stirling.     H.D. 
Three  Strangers  (The),  1S35,  Miss  !>•<•.    C. 
Three  Weeks  after  Marriage,  1776,  Murphy.     F. 
Tbycstes,  1560,  J.  Hey  wood  (Seneca's  play  done 

into  English). 
Thyostes,  about  1680,  Crowne.    T. 
Tilwre,  1764-1811,  Chdnier.    T. 
Ticket-of- Leave  Man,  1863,  Tom  Taylor. 
Time  Works  Wonders,  1845,  Jerrold.    C. 
Timocrate,  1656,  T.  Corncille.    T. 
Timocrate,  1723,  Leo.     0. 
Timoleon,  1783,  Allien.    T. 
Timoleon,  1794,  Chenier.    T. 
Timon  of  Athens,  1609,  Shakespeare.    T. 
Timon  of  Athens,  1778,  Cumberland.    T.  (the 

above  altered). 
Timon  the  Misanthrope,  1678,  Shadwell.    T. 
Timour   the  Tartar,   1812,  Lewis.    Mel.    (See 

"Tamerlane.") 
Tipperary  legacy,  1847,  Coyne.    C. 
Tis  Pity  She's  a  Whore,  1633,  Ford.     D. 
Tis  Well  'tis  no  Worse,  1736-1787,  Bickerstaff. 

C.    (See  '•  The  Panel.") 
Tito,  1791,  Mozart.     0. 
Titus    Andronicus,   1593,   (?)  Shakespeare.      T. 

(first  mentioned  1600). 
Titus  and  Berenice,  1«72,  Otway. 
To-Night,  Uncle,  1878,  11.  J.  Byron. 
To  Oblige  Benson,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
To   Parents  and  Guardians,    19th   cent.,   Tom 

Taylor. 
Tobacconist  <7V),  before  1780,  Gentleman.    F. 

(This  is  merely  Jonson's  comedy,  The  Alche- 
mist, 1610,  altered  and  reduced.) 
Tom  Jones,  1740,  Reed.    CO. 
Tom  Thumb,  1730,  Fielding.    B.O.  (altered  In 

1778  by  O'Hara,  music  by  Dr.  Arnc). 
Tom  Tyler,  1661  (second  edition),  no  name. 
Tonson.    (Sec  "  Mons.  Tonson.") 
Tony  Lumpkin  in  Town,  1778,  O'Keefe. 
Too    Many   or   Democracy,  posthumous  1805, 

Alfieri.    C. 
Toreador  (U),  1S49,  Adam.    O.C. 
Tour  de  Londres,  1855,  Nus.    D. 
Town  and  Country,  1807,  Morton.    C.  (brought 

Mm  in  £1000). 
Toy -Shop,  1729,  Dodsley.    D.S. 
Traitor  (The),  1631,  Shirley.  T.  (See  ■  Evadne.") 
Traviata  (Ixi),  1856,  Verdi.     0. 
Trente  Millions  de  Gladiateurs  (7>s\  19th  cent., 

Labiche  and  G  Hie,     (See  "  Nabob.") 
Trfsor  (/-/"),  1803,  Andrieux.     C. 
Trial  by  Jury,  lb75,GillxTt  and  Sullivan.   Opta. 


Trick  upon  Trick,  1710,  HilL    C. 
Trinuzzia  (/>a),  1640,  Angelo.    C. 
Triompbe  des  Arts  (U),  1672-1731,  Lamotte.   !X 
Trip  to  Cilais  (.1),  1721-1777,  Foote.    F. 
Trip  to  Kissengtn  (A),  19th  cent.,  Tom  Tay- 
lor. 
Trip  to  Scarborough  (A),  1777,  Sheridan.    (This 

is  The  Itclapse  of  Vanbrugh  altered.) 
Trip  to  Scotland  (A),  1780,  Whitehead.     F 
Tristan  and  Isold",  1*65,  Wagner.     O. 
Troede  (/-a),  1632-1698,  Pradon.    T. 
Troas,  1559,  J.  Heywood.  T.  (Seneca's  play  done 

into  English). 
Troilus  and    Cressida,    1602,    Shakespeare.     T. 

(printed  1609). 
Troilus  and  Cressida,  1679,  Dryden.    T.   (the 

above  altered). 
Trois  Cousins,  1664,  Dancourt    C. 
Trois  Kivaiix  (lyes),  17:.s,  Saurin.     C. 
Trois  Bultanee  (Us),  18th  cent.,  Favart.    C. 
Troja  Dfatrntta,  1663,  Andrea.     T. 
Troublesome  Reign  of  King  John,  1578,  Anon. 

H.l'l.  (the    quarry  of  Shakespeare's    King 

John). 
Trovatore  (/7),  1853,  Verdi.    0.   (based  on  the 

drama  of  Cfargia  auttieru,  15th  cent.). 
True  Widow,  1679,  Shadwell.     C. 

Tu  Quoqne,  1599,  Greene. 

Turcarel,  170*,  L-.vig-.     C 

Turco  in  Italia,  1814,  Rossini.    0. 

Turk  and  No  Turk,  1785,  Oilman.     Mu.C. 

Turkish  Mahomet,  1584,  Pacta 

Turnpike  Gate,  1774-1826,  Knight.    F. 

Twelfth  Night,  etc.,  1602,  Shakespeare.    C. 

Twin  Rivals,  1706,  Farquhar. 

•Twixt  Axe  and  Crown,  1870,  Taylor.     H.P1 

Two  Foscari  (The),  1821,  Byron.    (The  Foscari, 

1826,  Mis*  Mitelell.) 
Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  1595,  Shakespeare. 

C.  (first  mentioned  1598). 

Two  Klingsbergs  (The),  1761-1819,    Kotzebue. 

D.  (his  best  play,  but  not  yet  translated 
into  English). 

Two  Loves  and  a  Life,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Tayloi. 

Two  .Misers,  1767,  O'Hara. 

Two  Noble  Kin-men,  posthumous  1634.  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher. 

Two  Roses  (The),  1878,  Albery.  V.  (from  th« 
French).    (See  "  Rose  Blanche,"  etc.) 

Two  Strings  to  your  Bow,  1792,  Jephson.    F. 

Two  to  One,  1784,  Colnian.    C. 

Tyrannic  Love,  1631-1701,  Dryden. 


Ulysses,  1706,  Rowe.    Myt.D. 

Uncle,  19th  cent.,  H.  J.  Byron.    C. 

Uncle  John,  1833,  Buckstone. 

Uncle  Too  Many,  1828,  Thomson.    C. 

Under  the  Earth,  1868.    R.D.  (Hard  Times,  bt 

Dickens,  dramatized). 
Underbarnet,  19th  cent.,  Ingemann. 
Une  Cause  Celebre.    (See  "  Proof.") 
Une  Chasse  a  St  Germain,  I860,  D<  slandes.     !>. 
Une  Faute,  before  1822,  Scribe.     Pt.l'c. 
Unequal  Match  (An),  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Unfinished  Gentleman,  •  Selby. 
Unnatural  Combat,  1621,  Masslnger. 
Up  All  Night,  1730-1805,  King.     Mu.D.  (maafe 

by  Dr.  Ann. Id). 
Upholsterer  (TV),  1788,  Murphy.    F 
Used  Up,  1845,  Boucioault.     0. 


DRAMAS,  OPERAS,  ETC. 


1157 


Vacancies  (7>s),  1659,  Dancourt.    C. 
Val  d'Andorre  (I.e),  19th  cent..,  Halevy.     O.C. 
Valentine,  1820,  Guilbert  do  l'ixerecourt. 
Valentinian,   1617,   Fletcher     (Beaumont    died 
1616).  T.  (altered  by  the  earl  of  Rochester). 
Valerie,  1822,  Scribe.     C. 
Valsei  (i.e.  Wallace)  or  the  Hero  of  Scotland, 

1772,  Perabo.     T.  (a  prize  play). 
Vampire    (Ae),    1820,    Cannouche    (done    into 

Knglish  by  Boucicault). 
Vanderdecken,  1878,  *    A  poetic  drama  (based 

on  The  Flying  Dutchman). 
Vautour  (Mons.),  1805,  Duval. 
Venceslas,  1647.  Ilotrou.     T. 
Veudanges  de  Suresnes,  1657,  Dancourt.     C. 
Vi  ndetta,  1846,  Stephens. 
Venice  Preserved,  1682,  Otway.    T.  (copyright 

was  £15). 
Venitieune  (La),  1834,  Anicet  Bourgeois.    D. 
Venoni,  1809,  I>ewis.    D. 
Venus  and  Adonis,  1703-1758,  Theo.  Cibber.    C. 

(copyright  was  £5  7s.). 
Vcpres  Siciliennes  (Us),  1819,  Delavlgne.    T. 
Verre  d'Kau  (U),  1842,  Scribe.     C. 
Very  Woman  (.1),  1631,  Massingcr. 
Vespers  of  I'alenno,  1823,  Hemans.    T. 
Veuve  de  Malabar,  1799,  Kalkbrenner.     O. 
Vicar    of    Wakefield  (The.).    (This   novel  was 
dramatized  in  1819;   turned  into  an  opera 
in    1823;    S.   Coyne    produced    a  dramatic 
version  in   1850,  in  conjunction  with  Tom 
Taylor;   and  W.  G.  Wills   in  1878,  under 
the  name  of  Olivia.) 
Victims,  19th  cent.,  Tom  Taylor. 
Victorine,  1831,  Buckstone. 
Videna,  1854,  Heraud.    T. 
Vie  de  Cafe,  1850,  Dupenty. 
Vieux  Chateau,  1799,  Dellamaria.     O. 
Vieux  Fat  (U),  1810,  Andrieux.     C. 
Vieux  Garcon  (I.e),  before  1822,  Scribe.     Pt.Pc. 
Vieux  Peches  (Lay,  1833,  Dumanois.     D. 
Village  (Tlie),  1806,  Cherry.     C. 
Village  Coquettes,  1835,  Hullah.     0. 
Village  Wedding,  before  1770,  Love.     P. 
Vindimiatrice  (U),  18th  cent.,  Gretry.     0. 
Vira-Rama-Tscheritra,  8th   cent.,  Bhnvabhouti. 
Myt.D.  (translated  by  Wilson  in  his  Indian 
Theatre). 
Virgin  Martyr,  1622,  Massinger  and  Dekker.    T. 
Virgin  Unmasked  (The),  about  1740,  Fielding. 

Mu.F. 
Virgin  of  the  Sun  (77,,;),  It".?,  Bishop.    0.    (This 

is  Kot/.obiie's  Benyowiki.) 
Virginia,  1654,  Webster.    T. 
Virginia,  L760,  Mi«s  Brooke.     T. 
Virginia,  1783,  Allieri.     T. 
Virginia,  1756-1829,  Leopold.    T. 
Virginie,  1683,  Campistron.    T. 
Virginie,  I7sc,  Laharpe.    T. 
Virginias,  1820,  K tmMes.    T. 
Virtuoso  (JJie),  1676,  ShadwelL    C. 
VirtUOUS  Octavia,  1598,  Brandon.     II.P1. 
Visitea  Bedlam (Une), before  1823, Scribe  Pt.Pc. 
Vologese,  1744,  Leo.     0. 
Volpoiie  or  the  Fox.  1605,  Jonson.     C. 
Volunteers  (77i<),  1693,  ShadwelL    C. 
Vortigcrn  and  Uowena,  1796,  Ireland,     T. 
Votary  of  Wealth  (Tlie),  1792,  IloUnan.     C. 

WagB  of  Windbor.    (See  "  Review.") 


Walking  Statue,  1710,  Hill. 
W'allace.  (See  "  Valsei.") 
Wall'  nsteiu  (Albertus),  about  1620,  Glaptborno. 

H.I). 
Wallenstein,  1799,  Schiller.    (An  English  ver- 
sion by  Coleridge,  1800.) 
Walloons  (Tlie).  1782,  Cumberland. 
Walter  Raleigh  (sir),  1720,  Sew  ell.     T. 
War,  19th  tent.,  Robertson.     C. 
War  to  the  Knife,  1865,  11.  T.  Byron. 
Warwick,  1763,  1-aharpe.     T.   (in  1767  appeared 

the  Kngii>h  version  by  Franklin.) 
Wat  Tyler,  1794,  Southey. 
Waterman  (The),  1774,  Dibdin.     Bd.O. 
Way  of  the  World  (Thf),  1700,  Congreve.    C. 
Way  to  Get  Married  (The),  1796,  Morton,     a 
Way  to  Keep  Him  (77„).  1760,  Murphy.    C 
Ways  and  Means,  1788,  Colman.     C. 
We  Fly  by  Night.  1806,  Colman.     F. 
Weak  Points,  19th  cent.,  Buckstone. 
Weathercock  (Tlie),  about  1810,  Allingham. 
Wedding  Day,  1629,  Shirley.     C. 
Wedding    Day,    1790,    Inchbald.      F.    (realised 

£200). 
Welcome  and  Farewell,  1837,  Harness.     D. 
Wenceslaus.     (See  "  Vence  las.") 
Werner,  1821,  Byron.     T.  (based  on  one  of  KWs 

Lee's  Canterbury  Talcs). 
Werther,  1817,  Duval.    F. 
West  Indian,  1771,  Cumberland,    C. 
Westward  Hoe!  1607,  I Vkker  and  Webster.    C 

What  Next  7  1771-1841,  Dibdin.     F. 
What  You  WiU,  1607,  Marston.    C.   (What  Tou 
Will    is    tlie   second    title  of  Shake>i>«'arc'» 
comedy  of  Twelfth  Night.) 

Wheel  of  r'ortune  (The),  1779.  Cumberland.    C. 

Which  is  the  Man  t  1743-1*09,  Mrs.  Co  v.  iey.    a 

White  Devil  (The),  1612,  Webster.     T. 

White  Lady  of  Berlin  Castle,  1875,  C.  Wla- 
Chester.     T. 

Who  is  She  ?  19th  cent.,  Stirling.     Pt.C 

Who  wants  a  Guinea?  1805,  Colman.     F. 

Who's  the  Dupe  ?  1743-1&09,  Mrs.  Cow- 
ley.    F. 

Wicked  World  (TOO,  19th  cent.,  Gilbert.    Fy.C. 

Widow  (Jft«),  1653,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Widow  of  Delphi,  1780,  Cumberland.    O. 
Widow's  Tears  (.0.  1657-1634,  Chapman.    C. 
Wire  (Tin  ),  1833,  Knowlea     1'. 

Wife  tor  a  Month,  1021,  Fletcher  (Beaumont  died 

loioi.     i  ,C. 
Wife  Wi  il  Managed,  1716,  Ontlivre.    C. 
Wile's  Excuse,  in  fore  17'JO,  Southerne.     C. 

wives  as  I'hey  Were, etc.,  i7.tr,  Inchbald.    C. 

Wild  Gallant,  1003,  Dryden.    C. 

Wilri-Goose  Chase,  1019,  Fletcher.    C.  (first  puh- 

lisbed  1652). 
Wild  Outs,  1798,  CKeefe.    C. 
Wildair  (Sir  Harry),  1701,  Knrquhar.    C. 

Wil    elm  Tell.      (See  ■■    fell.") 

Win  i  .  Ml,  Reynolds.    C. 

ng  a  Husband,  19th  cent,  BucksU.  ie. 

Winter's  Pale,  1604,  Shakespeare.  C.  (flrwt 
mentioned  1011).  (The  source  of  this  play 
«  .-  a  novel  call  d  fanlostoor  The  Triuw.1  » 
of  Time,  1688,  by  Robert  Green*.  S«e 
"  Zapolya.") 

Wisdom  ol  Dr.  Dodypoll,  1600,  Irtf.    C. 

Wit  at  Several  weapons,  posthumous  KMT, 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher.    C. 

Wit  in  a  Constable,  aW»m  io?o,  Ubptho-Te.    C 


1168 


APPENDIX  I. 


Wit  without  Money,  posthumous  1639, Beaumont 

and  Fletcher.    C. 
Wit's  I^ast  Stake,  1730-1805,  Kinn     C 
Witch  (The),  1604,  Mlddleton.  T.C.  (Shakespeare 

borrowed  his  witches  in  Macbeth  from  this 

play) 

Witch  of  Edmonton,  1658,  Rowley,  Toumenr, 
e'x.    T.C. 

Wives.    (See  under  "  Wife.") 

Woman  Captain,  1680,  Shadwell.    C. 

Woman-Hatcr,  1607,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.   C. 

Woman  in  Red,  1849,  Coyne. 

Woman  In  the  Moon,  1598,  Lyly.     Myt.T). 

Woman  Killed  with  Kindness  (A),  belore  1603, 
third  edition  1617,  Heywood.    T.    • 

Woman's  Place,  posthumous  1647,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher.    C. 

Woman's  Prize,  posthumous  1647,  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher.    C. 

Woman's  Wit,  183s,  Knowles.    C. 

Woman's  a  Weathercock,  1612,  Field.    C. 

Women,  Beware  of  Women,  17th  cent.,  Middle- 
ton.     C.  (from  the  Italian). 

Women  Pleased,  posthumous  1647,  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,    C. 

Wonder  (TV).  1714,  Ccntlivre.    C. 

Wonder  of  Women.  (See  "  Sophonlsba,"  Mars- 
ton.) 

Wonderful  Year,  1603,  IVkker.    C. 

Wood  Demon  (The),  1811,  Lewta.     Mel. 

Woudgirl  (Tht\  1800,  Weber.    O.     (See  "Syl- 


(Al 


Woodman  (7V),  1771,  Dudley.    CO. 

WeodvlL     (See  "  John  Woodvll.") 

Word  of  Nature  {The),  1797,  Cumberland.    0 

Word  to  the  Wise,  1767,  Kelly.    C. 

World  (The),  1772-1849,  Kenney.    C. 

Wound.-,  of  Civil  War,  1594,  Lodge.    H.PL 

Wreik  Ashore,  1830,  Buckstone.    Mel. 


X.  Y.  Z.,  1810,  Colman.    F 


Yorkshire  Tragedy  (The),  1604,  Anon,  (at  one 
time  printed  with  the  name  of  Shakespeare). 
Young  Admiral  (IV),  1633,  Shirley.     PL 


Zaire,  1733,  Voltaire.  T. 
Zaire,  1815.  Winter.  O. 
Zapolya,   1818,  Coleridire.  T.  (founded   on    Tht 

Hinter't  Title,  by  Shakespeare). 
Zara,   17  \  Hill.    T.  (an   English    version   of 

Volv    B'l  Zaire). 
Zaul>ertlGte  (I  tie),  1791,  Mozart.    O. 
Zelinda,  1772,  Calini.    C.  (a  prize  play). 
Zemin  et  Azor,  1771,  Marmoutel.    0.  (nauric  by 

(i  retry). 

..  175*.  Picclni.     0. 
Zenobla,  t"6*.  Murphy.    T. 
Zobeide,  ITM,  Craddock. 
Zoraide  dl  Granata,  1830,  LoniaettL    O 
Zorinsyj,  1809,  Morton. 


.  ±  ■  ■  1 


APPENDIX  II. 

DATES  OF  POEMS,  NOVELS,  ETC.,  REFERRED  TO 
IN  THIS  BOOK. 

EXPLANATION  OF  CONTRACTIONS. 


AdT. 

= 

Adventure. 

▲lex. 

= 

Alexandrian   (13  or    IS   syl. 
metre). 

Alleg. 

= 

Allegory. 

ftltrh. 

— 

Alternate  rhyme. 

Autobiog. 

= 

Autobiography. 

b.T. 

= 

Blank  verse. 

Bal. 

= 

Ballad. 

Biog. 

= 

Biography. 

Biog.Rom 

.  = 

Biographical  romance. 

C.Bal. 

= 

Comic  ballad. 

Ch.Ode. 

ss 

Choral  ode. 

Col. Sat. 

=a 

Colloquial  satire. 

dm. 

;= 

Different  metres. 

D.Pm. 

= 

Didactic  poem  or  poetry. 

Des.Pm 

= 

Descriptive  poem. 

Dial. 

S5 

Dialogue. 

DrJPra. 

— 

Dramatic  poem. 

E.Sap. 

= 

English  sapphic. 

Eel. 

=: 

Eclogue. 

Eleg. 

S 

Elegy. 

Ent. 

= 

En  tertainment. 

Ep. 

= 

Epic  poem. 

Kb. 

= 

Essay  or  essays. 

H.C. 

s 

neroi-comic. 

H.M. 

— 

Heroic  or  10  syl.  metre. 

H.Hy. 

= 

Heroic  hymn. 

II.St. 

= 

Heroic  stanxat. 

Hex. 

— 

Hexameter. 

Hist. 

= 

History. 

Hist.NoT. 

— 

Historic  novel. 

Hist. Rom 

= 

Historic  romance. 

Hy.  =  nymn  or  hymns. 

Iamb.  =  Iambic  metre,  v»  - 

lron.Tr.  =  Ironical  treatise. 

Irr.m.  =  Irrfgular  metre. 

Lg.  =  legend. 

Won.  =  Monody 

N.Ode.  =  .Vara J  ode. 

Nov.  =  Novel. 

oc.  =  Octosyllabic  metre* 

ot.r.  =  Ottava  rima. 

p.  =  Poetry. 

P.Pr.  =  Poetic  prose. 

Past.  =  Pastoral  or  pastorals. 

Past. Bal.  =  Pastoral  ballad. 

Pn.  =  Pindaric  metre  or  ode. 

Pn.Ode.  =  Pindaric  ode. 

Po.Epis.  =  Pi/liti  at  epistle. 

Po.Rom.  =  Political  romance, 

l'u. Sat.  =  Political  satire. 

Po.Skt.  =  Political  shit. 

pr.  —  Prose. 

Pr.  Alleg.  =  Prose  allegory. 

Pr.Ep.  =  Prose  epic. 

rh.  =  Rhyme. 

Rom.  =  Romance. 

Sat.  =  Satire. 

Spin.  =  Spenserian  metre. 

St.  =  Stanzas  of  4  or  more  U 

ter.rh.  =  TXrnary  rhyme. 

Topog.  =  Ttpofjrafihical. 

Troch.  =  Tiochaic,  i.e.  -  <* 

t.  =  Verse  or  verses. 


ENGLISH  AND  AMERICAN. 
Addison  (Joseph),  1672-1719. 
Campaign,  1705.    (The  Victory  of  Blenheim.) 

H.M.;  rh. 
Freeholder,  1715.     Es. ;  pr. 
Guardian,  1713.     Kb.  ;  pr. 
Poems,  1719. 

Spectator,  1711-12,  1714.     Ea. ;  pr. 
Tatler,  1709-11.     Ks. ;  pr. 
(For  dramatic  pieces,  we  Appendix  I.) 
AKKNSinE  (Mark),  1721-1770. 
Naiads,  176T.    H.Hy. 
Odes,  1745. 
Pleasures  of  Imagination,  1744(3  bk».).  H.M. ; 


ABBtTTRNOT  (Dr.  John),  1660-1735. 

History  of  John  Bull.  1712.     Po.Skt. ;  pr 
Armstrong  (Dr.  John),  1709-1779. 

Art    of    Preserrlng    Health    (The).    1744 
(4bks.).     D.Pm.;  H.M.;  b.T. 

Bailf.t  (rhilip  James),  1816- 
Age  (The),  1858.     Col.Sat. ;  p. 

Angel  World  (The),  lsoo;  p. 

Fes t us,  1839.     Dr. I'm.;  d.m. 

Mystic  (The),  lsr>5;  p. 
BABBOUS  (.lolin).  1320-1396. 

Brace  {The),  1376  (13,000  lines').  Scotch  Ep.;  oc. 
(Written  ut  the  request  of  David  Bruce.) 
Bkattik  (James),  1 7.15-1803. 

Minstrel,  pt.  i.  1773,  ii.  1774  (2  bks.).    Spjn 


1160 


APPENDIX  II. 


Beckpord  (  William),  1761-1944. 

Vatbek,  1784.     Tale;  pr. 
Blackmore  (Sir  Richard),  1650-1729. 

Creation,  1712  (7  bits.).    H.M.;  rh. 

Prince  Arthur,  1696  (6  bits.).     Ep. 
Blair  (Iiol>ert),  1699-1747. 

Grave  (Tlie),  1743.     H.M. ;  b.v. 
Browne  (H'i7/um),  1590-1645. 

Britannia's  Pastorals,  1613(2  bks.  ea.  5  songs); 
dm. 

Shepherd's  Pipe,  1614  (7  Eel.). 
Bulwer.     (See  "  l.ytton.") 
Binvan  (John),  1628-1688. 

Holy  War  ( Tlu),  1682.     ABeg. ;  pr. 

Pllgrtm'8ProgreeB,pt.  1.1678,11.1684.  Alleg.;pr. 
Bi'RNET    (Miss,    afterwards    Mde.    d'Arblay), 
1752-1840. 

Evelina,  1778.     Nov. 
BURNS  (Robert),  1759-1796  (Scotch  lyric  poet). 

Auld  Lang  Syne,  1791  (not  original). 

Cotter's  Saturday  Night,  I7s7.    Bp  in. 

Death  and  Dr.  Hornbook,  1787  ;  6  line  St. 

Duncan  Gray,  1792. 

For  a'  that  an'  a'  that,  1796 ;  8  line  St. ;  8s, 
alt.rh. 

Green  Grow  the  Rashes,  O,  1787 ;  4  line  St. ; 
8s  and  chorus. 

Hallowe'en,    1 787 ;    8   line   St. ;   8s   and    an 
Adonic;  alt.rh. 

Highland  Mary,  1792;  8  line  St. ;  8.7. 

Mary  Morrison,  1793;  8  line  St.;  88,  alt.rh. 

Scots  wha  hae,  1793.    Sapphic. 

Tarn  O'Shanter,  1791.     lamb. ;  8s,  rh. 

To  Mary  In  Heaven,  1788;  4  line  St.;  8s,  alt.rh. 

To  a  Mountain  Daisy,  1786. 

To  a  Mouse,  1785. 

Twa  Dogs  (Osar  and  Luath),   1787.    Dial. ; 
8s,  rh. 
Burton  (IUv.  Robert),  1576-1640. 

Anatomy  of   Melancholy,   1621.     Mosaic  of 
Quotations;  pr. 
Bctler  (<amuel),  1612-1680. 

Elephant  In   the  Moon,   1654.    Sat.  on    the 
Royal  Society ;  H.M.;  rh. 

Hudihras,  pt.  i.  1663,  il.  1664,  iil.  1678  (ea.  3 
cant.).     Sat.  on  the  puritans  ;  oc. 
Btrox  (hud  deorge  Gordon),  1788-ls2». 

Age  of  Bronze,  l«2l.  (Napoleon.)    H.M.  ;  rh. 

Beppo,  1820.    A  Venetian  story ;  Sp.m. 

Bride  of  Abydos,  1813.    Irr.m. 

Chllde  Harold,  canto  1.  1809,  ii.  1810,  111.  1816, 
i^.  1817.     DeS .I'm.  ;  Sp.m. 

Corsair,  1814.     H.M.;  rh. 

Don  Juan,  cantos  L  ii.  1819,  lil.-v.  1820,  vi.-xvl. 
1824  ;  ter.rh. 

English   Bards  and  Scotch  Reviewers,  1809. 
Sat.;  H.M.;  rh. 

Siaour,  1813.     Irr.m.  ;  rh. 

Hebrew  Melodies,  1815;  d.m. 

Hours  of  idleness,  1807  ;  d  m. 

bland,  1819  (4  cant).    H.M. ;  rh. 

Lament  of  Tassn,  1817      H.M. ;  rh. 

Lira.  1814.  (Sequel  of  The  Corsair.)  H.M. ;  rh. 

MazepfO,  1819  ;  OC. 

Parlsina,  1816.     Irr.m. 

Prisoner  of  Chillon,  1816.     Irr.m. 

Prophecy  ofDante,  1819(3  cant).    H.M.;  rh. 

Siege  of  Corinth,  1816.     Irr.m. 

Vision  of  .Tudgmci it,  1820.   (George  III.)  Skit 
on  Sonthey's  poem  ;  ter.rh. 
(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  1.) 


Campbell  (Thr/mas),  1777-1844. 

Exile  of  Erin,  1801.     Bal. 

Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  1809  (3  pts.).    3pm 

Hohenlinden,  1801.     E.Sap. 

Pilgrim  of  Glencoe,  1841. 

Pleasures  of  Hope,  1799  (2  pts.).   H.M. ;  rh. 

Reullura  (t'.e   beautiful  star),  1817.    Ode. 

Theodoric,  1824.     H.M. ;  IB. 

Ye  Mariners  of  England,  IsOl.    N.Ode. 
Carltle  (Tliomas),  1795- 

Frederick   the  Great,  vols.  L  il  1858,  iii.  It. 
1862.     Biog. ;  pr. 

French  Revolution,  1837.     Hist. ;  pr. 

Sartor  Kesartus,  1833.    Autobiog.  of  Teufels- 
drik-kh  of  Weissnichtwo,  ije.  Mr.  Shoddy  ol 
Nowhere ;  pr. 
Chaucer  (Geoffrey),  1328-1400. 

Assembly  of  Fowls  (694  v.). 

Book  of  the  Duche.^s  (1334  v.). 

Canterbury  Tales,  138* (22  p. ;  2pr.).  H.M.jrb 

I  li aucer's  Dream  (2235  v.). 

Court  of  Love  (1442  v.). 

Flower  of  the  L/af  (595  v.). 

House  of  Fame  (3  bks.);  oc. 

Parliament  of  Ihrds,  1358. 

Bomaunt  of  the  Kose,  about  1360  (from  the 

Rmnan  de  la  Rose  of  Lorris  and  Meung) ; 

7701  v.;  oc. 
Treatise  on  the  Astrolabie,  1391  (a  fragment); 

pr. 
Troylus  and  Cresseyde,  1369  (5  bks.).     Based 

on  the  Filostrato  of  Iloccaccio. 
CiiLitrniLL  (Charles),  "The   British  JuvenaL" 

1731-1764. 
Apology  to  Critical   Reviewers,  1761.     SaL; 

11. M.;  rh. 
Author  (77j€),  1763.     Sat.;  H.M.;  rh. 

lidate(77l«),  1764.     Bat;   H.M.  ;  rh. 
Duellist  (The),  It  63.     Sat.;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Epistle  to  Hogarth,  1764.    Bat ;  ELM.)  rh. 
Farewell  (Ike),  1702.     Sat.;  H.M.;  rh. 
Ghost  (The),  1762.     Sat.  (directed  against  Dr. 

Johnson) ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Gotham.  1764  (3  bks.).    Sat. ;  H.M.;  rh. 
Independence,  1764.     Sat.;  H.M. ;  rh. 
N igh wan  Epistle  to  Lloyd).  1762.  Sat. ;  H.M. ;rh. 
IV  i  1  level  Famine,  1762.  Po.Squib. ;  H.M.  ;rh. 

d(The),  1761.     Sat.;  II.  M. ;  rh. 
Times  (The),  1764.     Sat.;  H.M.;  rh. 
OoLEBIDOI  (Samuel  Taylor),  1772-1834. 
Ancient  Mariner,  1797  (7  pis.).     St. ;  8.6. 
Christabel,pt.  i.l797,ii.l8UU,published  1816; 00, 
Fears  in  Solitude,  1798. 
France,  1797.    Ode. 
Friend  (The),  1812;  pr. 
Juvenile  Poems,  1794;  djn. 
Love,  1797. 

Ode  to  the  Departing  Year,  1798.    Ch.Oda, 
Religious  Musings,  179i">.     H.M. ;  b.T. 
Table  Talk,  posthumous  1835;  pr. 
Collins  (Wilk-ie),  1824-        (novels). 
After  Dark,  1856. 
Antonia,  1851. 
Basil,  1868. 
Dead  Secrets,  1858. 
Hide  and  Seek,  1853. 
No  Name,  1863. 
Woman  in  White,  1861. 

Etc.,  etc. 
Collins  (  William),  1720-176* 
Odes,  1745-46. 


DATES  OF  POEMS  AND  NOVELS. 


11*1 


Oriental  Eclogues,  1742.    H.M. ;  rh. 

Passions  (The),  1716.     Pn.Ode. 
Ooofkr  (Fenimore),  1789-1851  (novels). 

Aflottt  ami  Ashore,  1844. 

Borderers. 

Bravo  (The),  1831. 

Crater  (77ie)  or  Vulcan's  Peak,  1847. 

Deerslayer  (77ie).  1841. 

Destroyer  (The),  1841. 

Eve  Effingham. 

Headsman  of  Berne,  1338. 

Hejith  cotes. 

Heidenmauer,  1832. 

History  of  a  Pocket-handkerchief,  1843. 

Homeward  Bound. 

lack  Tier,  1848  (lied  Hover  recast). 

Last  ot  the  Mohicans,  1826. 

Lionel  Lincoln,  1825. 

Miles  Wallingford,  1844. 

New  Myers,  1843. 

Notions  of  a  Travelling  Brother,  1828. 

Oak  Openings,  1848. 

Outward  Bound. 

Pathfinder,  1840. 

Pilot,  1823. 

Pioneers,  1823. 

Prairie,  1826. 

Precaution,  1819. 

Red  Rover,  1826. 

Sea  Lions,  1849. 

Spy,  1822.    (The  War  of  Independence.) 

Two  Admirals  (The),  1842. 

Water  Witch,  1x30. 

Ways  of  the  Hour,  1850. 

Wept  of  Wisbton  Wish  {The),  1827. 

Wing  and  Wing,  1842. 

Wyandotte,  1843. 
Etc.,  etc 
Cotton  (Dr.  Nathaniel),  1707-1788. 

(8)  Visions  in  Verse,  1751  ;  oc. 
Cowlkt  (Abraham),  1618-1667. 

Carolina,  1662. 

DavideiR,  1635  (4  bks.).    Ep.  (incomplete); 
H.M.;  rh. 

Four  Ages  of  England,  1657. 

Mistress,  1647  (a  collection  of  love  verses). 

Pindaric  Odes,  1663. 

Poem  on  the  Civil  War,  1662. 

Poetic  Blossoms,  1633. 

Puritan  and  Papist,  1613. 

Tragical  History  of  Py ramus  and  Thisbe,  1628 
(aged  10). 
Oowpkk  (William),  1731-1800. 

Boadicea,  171J0.     Bal.j  St.;  7s. 

Charity,  1782.     II. M.  ;  rh. 

Conversation,  1782.    H.M.;  rh. 

Expostulation,  1782.     H.M.;  rh. 

Homer  translated,  1791.     H.M. ;  b.v. 

Hope,  1782.     H.M.;  rh. 

John  Gilpin,  1782.     C.Bal. ;  St.;  8.8. 

Miscellaneous  Poems,  1793;  d.m. 

Olney  Hymns,  1779;  d.m. 

Progress  of  Error,  1782.     H.M. ;  rh. 

Retirement,  1781    H.M.;  rh. 

1  able  Talk,  1782.     Dial;   HM.;rh. 

Task  (The),  1785  (6  bks.).     H.M.  ;  b.T. 

Truth,  17^2.     H.M.  ;  rh. 
Ckabbb  (Ceorqe),  1754-1832. 

Borough  (The),  1810  (24  letters).     H.M. ;  rh. 

HallofJu.stice(7V),  I807(2pts.\  Dial.;  St.;  mb 

Library  (TV),  1807.     ELM.;  rh. 


Newspaper  (The),  1785.    H.M. ;  rh. 
Parish  Register,  1807  (3  ptsA     ELM. |  rh. 
Sir  Eustace  Grey,  1-07.    i_Madiiou*-.)  DiaL  | 
St.;  as. 

(21)  Tales.  1819  (based  on  fact").     H  M. ;  rh. 

(22)  Tales  of  the  Hail,  1819  (based  on'lacu). 
H.M.;  rh. 

Village,  1807  (2  bks.).     H.M. ;  rh. 
Cunningham  (John),  1729-1773. 

Evening,  1766.  Lyric  ;  4  line  St. ;  8s,  alt.rh. 
Moruing,  1766.  Lyric;  4  line  St.;  8s,  all  rh. 
Noou,  1766.     Lyric;  4  line  St.;  8s,  alt.rh 

Danifx  (Samuel),  1562-1619. 

A    History   of   the  Civil    Wars   between    tU 
Houses   of  York   and  Lancaster   (8   bks  )  \ 
8  line  St.;  ELM.;  rh. 
Dkfok  (  Daniel),  1661-1731. 

Apparitions  (History of),  1727;  pr. 

Captain  Carleton,  172S.     Blog.Rom. ;  pr. 

Captain  Singleton,  1720.    Biog.Rom.;  pr. 

Colonel  .lack,  .     Biog.Rom. ;  pr. 

Dumb  Philosopher  (Vie),  1719;  pr. 

Duncan  Campbell,  1720.     Biog.Rom.;  pr. 

Fortunate  Mistress  (The)  or  Roxana,  1724;  pr. 

History  of  the  Devil  (The  Political),  1726;  pr. 

Hymn  to  the  Pillory,  17U3;  p. ;  oc. 

John  Sheppard,  1724.    Biog.Rom.;  pr. 

Jonathan  Wild,  1725.     Biog.Rom.  ;  pr. 

Jure  Divino,  1706. 

Moll  Flanders,  1721.     Biog.Rom.;  pr. 

Plague  of  London,  1722.     Hist. Rom. ;  pr. 

Religious  Courtship,  1722. 

Robinson  Crusoe,  1719.     TaleofAdv.;  pr. 

Shortest  Way  with  Dissenters,  1702.  (Against 
the  high-church  party,  for  which  he  was 
pilloried.)     Iron.Tr.;  pr. 

Speculum  Crape-gownonun,  1682. 

Trne-born    Englishman,  1699.     (In  defence  of 
William  ill.)     IV. Sat.;  p.;  ELM.;  rh. 
Deniiam  (Sir  John),  1615-1668. 

Cooper's  Hill,  1643.     H.M.;  rh. 
Dibdin  (Chariot),  1745-1814. 

Sea  Songs,  1790;  d.m. 
Dickkns  (Charles),  1812-1870  (novels). 

American  Notes,  1842, 

Barnaby  Kudge,  1841, 

Battle  of  Life,  1*46. 

Bleak  Home,  1862. 

Chimes,  1844. 

Cricket  on  the  Hearth,  1846. 

David  Copperfield,  1849. 

Dr.  Marigold's  Prescription,  1866  (Christmas 
nnml 

Domoev  and  Son,  1846. 

(.rcat  Kxp »  tatlons,  1860. 

llar.l    I  lues.  1864 

Haunted  House  (The),  1859  (Christmas  num- 
ber). 

Haunted  Man,  1848. 

Holly  Tree  I  n  n(  The),  1855  (Christmas  number). 

Little  l>  rrit,  1867. 

Martin  Chuxxlewit,  1843, 

Master  Humphrey's  Clock,  1840. 

Message  from  the  Sea  (A),  i860  (Christmas 
number), 

Mrs.  Llrriper's  Lodgings,  1863  (Christmas 
number). 

Mngby  .1  unction,  1866  (Christmas  number). 

Mystery  i  f  Edwin  Drood  (a  fragment),  1S79, 

Na  botan  Nil  klcby,  1838. 


1162 


APPENDIX  II. 


No  Thoroughfare,  1867  (Christmas  number). 

Old  Curiosity  Shop,  1840. 

Oliver  Twist,  1837. 

Our  Mutual  Friend,  1864. 

Pickwick  Papers,  1*36. 

Round  of  Stories  (A),  1852  (Christmas  num- 
ber). 

Sketches  by  Bor,  1835. 

Somebody's  Luggage,   1862  (Christmas  num- 
ber). 

St.  George  and  the  Dragon,   1866  (Christinas 
number). 

Tale  of  Two  Cities,  1859. 

Tenants  at  Will,  1M61  (Christmas  number).    - 

Tom    Tiddler's    Ground,     1867     (Christmas 
number). 

Uncommercial  Traveller  (The). 
N.H.  -  Tlie  Christmas  numiiers  are  only  in 

part  by  DiekfMM. 
Disk  a  r.u  (  lienjamin),  lord  Beaconsfleld,  1 805- 
(novels). 

Alroy  (  Wwulrous  Tale  of). 

Obningsby. 

Contaiini  Fleming. 

Henrietta  Temple. 

Lothair,  1870. 

Revolutionary  Kpic,  1834;  p. 

Rise  of  iskander. 

Sybil. 

Tancred. 

Venetia. 

Vivian  Crey,  1827. 

Young  Duke. 
(For  Alarcos,  see  Appendix  I.) 
DraTTON  (Michasl),  1563-1631. 

Barons'  Wars  {The),  1595.     (The  civil  wars  of 
Edward  11.);  «  line  St. ;  11. M.;  rh. 

Battle  of  Agincourt,  162'<  ;  8  line  St.;  H.M.; 
rh. 

England's  Heroic  Epistles,  1598  ;  p. 

Moses's  Birth  and  Miracles,  1593.    li.M. ;  alt.rh. 


Muse's  Elysium  (The),  1630;  p. 
Tta 
8  line  St.;  8.7. 


Nymph  idia    or    The    Court  of    Fairy,  1627 ; 


Polyolbion,  songs  i.-x  1612,  JtL-XvUI.  1613, 
xix.-xxx.  1622  (30  songs).    Topog. ;  Alex. 

Shepherd's  Garland,  1593;  p. 
IhlTDKN  (Jutni),  1631-1700. 

Absalom  and  Achituphel,  pt.  i.  1681,  li.  1682. 
(On  Monmouth's  rebellion.)  Po.Sat. ; 
H.M.;  rh.     Pt.  ii.  chiefly  by  Tate. 

Alexander's  Feast,  1697.    Pn.Ode. 

Annus  Mirabilis,  1667.  (On  the  year  1666.)  St. ; 
H.M.;  alt.rh. 

Astrsea  Redux,  1660.  (On  th«  Restoration.) 
H.M.;  alt.rh. 

Cromwell  (Death  of),  1658.  Eleg.;  H.M. ; 
alt.rh. 

Fables,  begun  169S,  finished  1700  (7500  v.). 

Hind  and  the  Panther,  1681  (3  pts).  (in  de- 
fence of  the  Church  <>f  Home.  The  "  Hind" 
is  the  Church  of  Rome,  the  "Panther"  the 
Church  of  England.)     AH.  g. ;  H.M.  ;  rh. 

Lord  Hastings  (Death  of).  Eleg.;  H.M.;  rh. 
(This  was  his  first  poem.) 

HacFlecknoe,  1682.  Sat.  on  Shadwell ;  II. M. ; 
rh. 

Religio  Laid,  1682.  (The  faith  of  a  layman  of 
the  Anglican  Church.  Against  deists,  sec- 
tarians, and  dissenters.)  D.Pm.  ;  H.  II.  ;  rh. 

Bong  for  St.  Cecilia,  16s7.    Ch.Odo. 


Virgil  translated,  begun  1694,  finished  1696, 

H.M. ;  rh. 
(For  the  28  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Dunbar  (  William),  1465-1530  (Scotch  poet). 
Golden  Targe  (The\  * 

Thrissil   and  the  Rose   (The),    1504.     (James 
IV.  was  the  "  thistle,"  and  his  bride  Mar- 
garet the  "  rose") ;  7  line  St. ;  H.M.;  rh. 
DrRR  (Rev.  John).  1700-1758. 

Fleece  (The),  1758  (4  bks.).    H.M.;  b.v 
Grongar  Hill,  1727.     Des.I'm. ;  oc. 
Ruins  of  Rome,  1740.     H.M.;  b.v. 

English  Spy  (TV),  1826,  C.  W.Westmaoitt 
"  The  Turkish  Spy,"  by  John  Paul  Marina, 
1637-82. 

Falconer  (William},  1730-1769. 

Shipwreck,  1762  (3  cant.).     H.M.;  rh. 
Fiblding  (Henry),  1707-1754  (novels). 

Amelia,       1751       (copyright     was      £1000). 
("Amelia"    is    sketched   from    Fielding's 
wife,  and  "  Booth  "  is  Fielding  himself.) 
Jonathan  Wild,  1713. 

Joseph  Andrews,  1742.    (A  quiz  on  Richard- 
son's Pamela.) 
Journey  from  this  World  to  the  Next,  1735. 
Tom  Jones,  1749  (copyright  was  £600  +  100). 

(English  life  in  the  lath  cent.) 
True  Patriot,  1745. 

(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Fletcher  (l>r.  Giles),  1580-1623. 
Christ's  Victory  and  Triumphs  (4  poems),  1610 | 
8  line  St. ;   10  syl.  and  an  Alex. 
Fletcher  (Phintas),  1584-1660. 

Purple  Island  (The),  1633(12cant.).  Alleg.Pm.; 
7    line   St.;    10   syl.   and   an   Alex.     (The 
"  Purple  Island  "  is  the  human  body.) 
FOSBBOKB  (Thomas  Dudley),  1770-1842. 
Encyclopajdea  of  Antiquities,  1824;  pr. 
Foreign  Topography,  1828 ;  pr. 

Gall  (Richard),  1776-1801  (Scotch  lyric  poet). 
Farewell  to  Ayrshire,  *  (erroneously  ascribed 

to  Burns) ;  8  line  St. ;  8.7,  alt.rh. 
My  only  Jo  and  Dearie  0,  •     8  line  St. ;  8s, 
alt.rh. 
Qabtb  (Sir  Samuel),  1657-1719. 

Dispensary  (The),  1699  (6  cant.).      H.M. ;  rh. 
Gay  (John),  1688-1732. 
(11)  Ballads,  1725;  d.m. 
Black-ered  Susan,   1725.    Song;   6  line  St.; 

8.8  8.8.10.10. 
Dione,  *     Past,  tragedy ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
(14)   Epistles,  1709-22;  p.;  d.m. 
Fables,  1726  (pt.  I.  50  ;   pt.  ii.  16)  ;  OC, 
Fin  (The),  1713  (3  bks.).     H.M. ;  rh. 
Rural  Sports,  1713  (2  cant.).    H.M.;  rh. 
Shepherd's  Week  (77m:),  1714  (6  Past.).  H.M.I 

rh. 
Trivia,  1712  (3  bks.).    H.M. ;  rh. 
(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Geoffret  of  Monmouth,  i  1082-H54. 

Hlstoria  Britonum,  1142.     Lat.  pr. 
Giiibon  (Edward),  1737-1794. 
Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  117* 
88.     Hist.;  pr. 
Glover  (Richard),  1712-1785. 

Admiral  Hosier's  Ghost,  1739.  Bal.;  Troth. 
St.;  8.7.  (This  was  a  very  parallel  case  U» 
that  of  sir  Richard  Urenville,  the  subject  of 


DATES  OF  POEMS  AND  NOVELS. 


1163 


Tennyson's  ballad  (p.  405).    The  incident 

le  given  p.  466,  q.v.) 
Athenais    (. Tlie),  *       (The    Continuation    of 

Leonidax)  ;  l>.v. 
Leonidas,  1737  (12  bka.).    Ep. ;  b.r. 

(For  his  two  tragedies,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Godwin  (rYancis),  15G1-16.J3. 

Man  in  the  Moon,  postliumoua  1633  ;  pr. 
Nuntius  Iiianimatus  in  Utopia,  1629;  pr. 
Godwin  (William),  1756-1836. 
Caleb  Williams,  1794.    Nov. 
Golden  Leg-end  (The),  James  de  Vara^ine, 

1230-1298.    (See  "  I^ongfellow.") 
Historia    Lombardina,    scu    Legends   Sancta, 

usually  called  "  Legends  Aurea,"  about  1292. 
801  dsmith  (Oliver),  1728-1774. 
Bee,  1759-60.     Es.  ;  pr. 
Citizen  of  the  World,  1759  (123  letters);  pr. 
Deserted   Village,  1769      D.I'm.;    H.M.;    rh. 

(Oriffin  gave  him  £105  for  the  copyright.) 
Double  Transformation  (Tlie),  1765.     A  title  in 

v.;  oc. 
Earth  and  Animated  Nature  (The),  1774;  pr. 
Edwin  and  Angelina.    (See  "  Hermit.") 
Elegy  on  a  Mad  Dog,  1765.     St. ;  8.C. 

i24)  Essays,  1765;  pr. 
launch  of  Venison  (A),  1765.  Po.Epis. ;  Alex. 
Hermit  (The),  1765.     Bal.;  4  line  St. ;  8.6. 
Retaliation,  1774.     Poem;  11  syl.,  rh. 
Traveller  (The),  1765.     D.Pm. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,  1766.    Nov. 

(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
CrOWEK  (John),  1327-1402. 

(50)  Balades,  1350  (in  French). 
ConfessioAmantis,  1393.  A  poet.  Dlal.inEng. ; 

oc     (Written  at  the  request  of  Richard  11.) 
Speculum  Meditantis,  1370  (in  French).      No 

known  copy  of  this  poem  exists. 
Vox  Clamantls,  1381  (in  Latin).    This  poem 

was  never  printed. 
Gray  (Thomas),  1716-1771. 
Bard,  1757.     Pn.Ode. 
Elegy  in  a  Country  Churchyard,  1749.     H.M. ; 

4  line  St. ;  alt.rh. 
Ft, m  College,  1747.  Ode;  10  line  St. ;  8.0. 
Progress  of  Poesy,  1757.    Pn.Ode. 

Hai.iiujrton  (Tliomas  C),  1796-1805. 

English  In  America,  1*51;  pr. 

Nature  and  Human  Nature,  1855;  pr. 

Old  Judge,  1849;  pr. 

Sam  Slick  or  The  Clockmaker(7ft<).  1837;  pr. 
Hall  (Joseph),  "The  Christian  Seneca,"  1671- 
1656. 

Satires,  1597  (3  bks.).     H.M.;  rh. 
HkWBB  (Stephen),  In  1 1 » *  -  reign  of  Henry  VII. 

Example  of  Vertu,  1630;  p. 

Passe-tyme  of    Plesure,   1006,  printed  1517. 
( The  History  of  Grannde  AmoureandLa 
Belle  Pwell);  7  line  St.;  II. M.;  rh. 
Hkmans  ( Mrs .),  1793-1835  (poetry ;  d.m.). 

Domestic  Affections,  1*12. 

Forest  Sanctu  u  v,  1836. 

Hymns  for  Child] I,  1834, 

Lays  of  Leisure  Hours,  1329. 

Records  of  Women,  1828. 

Sceptic  (The),  1831. 

Songs  ol  the  Affections,  mo. 
Henry   tiik    MiNsntKL  (/Hind  Harry),   135S- 
1446  (Scotch  poet). 

Wallace,  1107  (11  bks.).     Ep. ;  H.M.;  rh. 


HbRBBRT  (George),  1593-1632. 
Priest  to  the  Temple  (The)  jr  The  Country 

Parson,  1652;  pr. 
Temple  (J/u:)  or  Church,  1633;  p.;  d.m. 
Herg-est  (  The  A'<  d  Book  of)  or  "  Mabinogion," 
12th  cent    (Tales  of  the  early  British) ;  pr. 

Johnson  (Dr.  Samwt),  1709-1784. 

Idler,  1758.    Es.;  pr. 

Life  of  Savage,  171 1 ;  pr. 

1-ondon,  1738.    Bat.;  H.M.;  rh. 

Rambler,  1750-62.    Es. ;  pr. 

Rasselas,  1759.     Tale  ;  pr. 

Vanity  of  Human  Wishes,  1719.  Sat.  j  H.M. ;  rh. 
(For  Irene,  see  Ait-kndix  I.) 
Johnson  (liichard),  i  1560-?  1627. 

Nine  Worthies  ol  I/jndun,  1592;  pr. 

Seven  Champiuns,  1617;  pr. 

Keats  (John),  1796-1320  (poet). 
Endymion,  1817.     Rom.  in  v.;  H.M. ,  rh 
Eve  of  St.  Agnes,  1820.    Sp.m. 
Hyperion,  1820.    11..M.;  b.v. 
Isabella,  1820. 
Lamia,  1836. 

Ode  to  the  Grecian  Urn,  1820. 
Ode  to  the   Nightingale,   1820;    10   lino  St.; 
H.M.  and  one  short  line. 

Langland  (William),  about  1332-1 100. 

Vision   of  IMrrs   Plowman,    1362.     Sat.  poem 

(Ang.-Sax.  alliterative  poetry). 
Longfellow  (Henry  M'adiworth),  1807- 
Ballads,  etc.,  1841. 

Belfry  of  Bruges,  1846;  2  line  St.;  15  ?yl.,  rh. 
Evangeline,  i*t7  (-  pts.).   Hex. 
Golden  Legend  (Jkt  >,  1851.    Dr. I'm. 
Hiawatha,  1866  (--  staves).  An  Indian  Alleg. ; 

Troch.  ;  8  syl.,  not  rh.     (The  most  original 

production  of  the  cent.) 
Hyperion,  1840,     Bom.  in  pr. 
Kavanagh,  1849.    A  Doetioo-pbilosopbical  tale. 
Miles  St.ui.lish,  1861     Hex. 
Outre-mer,  1836,    (Jlis  tirst  work);  pr. 
Poems  OD  Slavery,  1843;  d.m. 
Seaside  (The)  and  the  Fireside,  i-.r.o. 
Spanish  Student  (Th.  \  1843,     Dr. I'm.  3  acta. 
Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn.  1863;  p. 
Toa  Child,  1848.     lr.cn. 

VoiCee  Of  the   Night,   IS  1  1  ;    p. 

Lttti  i  :  .  lord),  1709-1773. 

Monody,  IT4T.    Pn,Ode. 

Progr 1  I. o\  .  1727  (4  eel.).    H.M. ;  rh. 

Lmon  (Edward  bytton  Oulwtr,  lord),  iso6- 

ls73. 
Alice. 

Arthur  (JTtnf),  1848.  En  ;  6  line  St.;  11  M.;rh. 
Athens,  Its  Rise  and  Fall,  i>.s7;  pr. 
Caxtonla,  1863.    Nov. 
Oaxtons,  i-.,i.    a  domesttB Hot, 
Devereux,  1    ■■'     Not. 
Disowned, 

BngiMiH  and  the  English,  1333;  pr. 
Ernest  Maltravera,  i~.;7.  Nor. 
Eugen<   Aram,  1831.    Not. 
Eva,  1843.     \  poem. 
Falkland,  1837.    (,H>S  <"irst  Nov.) 
Godolphln,  •    Nov, 
Hai   ld,l  60.   Hi-t.Nov. 
lsmaei,  is-jo.    An  Oriental  lalew 
Keuclm  Chillingly.    Nov. 


1164 


APPENDIX  II. 


LaHt  Days  of  Pompeii,  1835.   Hist.NoT. 

Last  of  the  Barons,  1849.    llist.Nov. 

Leila  and  Calderon,  183*. 

Lucretia,  1849.     Nov. 

Mileins  {Lust  Tales  of). 

My  Novel,  1862.     Nov, 

New  Timon,  ls4G  ;  p. 

Night  and  Morning,  1837.    Nov. 

O'Neil  or  The  Rebel,  1826.    Tale  in  v. 

''arisians,  1873.     Nov. 

Paul  Clifford,  1830.    Not. 

Pelham,  1828.   (His  second  Not.) 

Pilgrims  ot  the  Rhine,  1834.   Nov. 

Blend,  1836.    llist.Nov. 

St.  Stephen's,  1801.  A  poem. 

Sculpture,  1825. 

Btrange  Story,  1881.  Not. 

■Weeds  and  Wildflowers,  1826;  d.m.  (His  first 

production.) 
What  Will  He  do  with  It?  1860.    Not. 
Zanoni,  1842.    Not. 

(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Apr-EXDix  I.) 

JttabinoR-ion  {The)  or  the  "lied   Book  of 
H'^'M,"   12th  diit.    ('I'aU-B  of  the  early 
British);  pr  (Welsh). 
11  ac  a  i  la  r  (  Thomas  tiabingUm  Macaulay,  lord), 
1800-1859. 
Armada  (7%e),  1832  ( >  fragment).   Alex.;  rh. 
lvry,  a  Sung  of  the  Huguenoto,  1824.  Alex. ;  rh. 
(4)  Lays  ot  Ancient  Koine,  L842'  p. 
Mackenzie  (lUnr y\  1745-1831. 

Man  of  Feeling,  1771.    Nov. 
Maithicuson  (J.uius),  1738-1798, 

Poems  of  O.ssiau,  1760-03.    P.l'r. 
Magazines  and  Reviews. 

Academy,  1809. 

Athen.'cum,  1828. 

Belgravia,  1866. 

Blackwood,  1817. 

Cornhili,  1859. 

Edinburgh  Review,  1802. 

Gentleman's  Magazine,  1731. 

Notes  and  Queries,  1849. 

Quarterly  Review,  180ft, 

Saturday  Review,  1855. 
Mallei'  {David),  1700-1765. 

Edwin  and  Emma,  1760.  Bal.;  4  line  St. ;  8.6. 

William  and  Margaret,    1760.     Bal.;   4   line 
St.;  8.6. 
Malory  (.sir  nomas),  1430-?1496. 

Morte  d'Anhuror  History  of  Prince  Arthur 
1170.    Rom. 
Milton  {John),  1608-1674. 

Arcades,  1032.    Ent.;  rh. 

Death  of  an  Infant,  1025  (Milton  was  17). 
ELM. ;  7  line  St.,  with  an  Alex.;  rh. 

L'Allegro,  1645.    Troch.;  7s,  rh. 

Lycidas,  1038.     Mon. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 

May  Morning,  1030.     Song;  10.8. 

Morning  of  Christ's  Nativity,  1629.  ELM.; 
7  line  St.,  with  an  Alex.;  rh.  It  is  followed 
by  "The  Hymn  j"  6  line  St ;  G.10.8.10,  rh. 

Paradise  Ix>st,  1005  (12  bks.).    Ep. ;  H.M.  ;  b.v. 

Paradise  Regained,  1071  (4  bks.).    Ep.;  H.M.; 

D.V. 

Pens  roso  (R),  1645.     Iamb.;  8s,  rh. 

Psalms,  1023. 

Bmectymnuus  {Apology  for),  1642.     (Against 

Episcopacy) ;  pr. 
Vacatiou  Exercise,  1627  (aged  19).    H.M. ;  rh. 


(For    Comut    and    Samson    AgonisUt,  Be* 

Apfkkdix  I.) 
Montgomery  {James),  1771-1854. 

Greenland,  1810  (5  cant.).    D.Pm.;  H.M.;  rh> 

Hymns,  ls53;  d.m. 

Miscellaneous  I'oems,  1803-20;  d.m. 

Pelican  Island,  1*27.     D.Pm.;  H.M. ;  b.v. 

Prison  Amusements,  1795,  1796 ;  d.m.  (He  wal 
imprisoned  in  the  castle  of  York  for  publish- 
ing in  the  Iris,  of  which  he  was  editor, 
an  article  upon  ihe  taking  of  the  Bastille.) 

Songs  of  Zion,  1822;  d.m. 

Wanderer  of  Switzerland  (Tlu),  1806  (6  pts.)| 
4  line  St.;  7s,  rh. 

Yfmt  indies,  1809  (4  pis.).  (On  the  abolition) 
ol  the  slave  trade.)     ELM.;  rh. 

Wo,  Id  before  the  Flood,  1812  (10  cant.).    Ep  1 
ELM.;  rh. 
MOHTOOHXBY  (Iiobtrt),  1807-1855  (poetry). 

Death,  1838. 

Luther,  1M43. 

Messiah,  1843. 

Omnipresence  of  the  Deity,  1828.     H.M.;  rh. 

Sacred  Meditations,  1847. 

Sal. in,  1829. 

Virion  of  Heaven,  1828. 
Vision  of  Hell,  1838. 
MooKE(77«oma.<),  1779-1852. 
An.ureoii,  1808  (translations  from  the  Greek) 
Ballads  and  Songs,  from  1806;  d.m. 

ESptcureaii,  1*27.     Nov.;  pr. 

(>.)  Fables  ol  the  Holy  Alliance,  1831. 

1  ndge  Family  in  Paris,  181s  (13  letters  in  t.). 

Irish  Melodies,  1807-14  (9  Nos^ ;  d.m. 

Lalla  Rookh,  1817  (4  tales).     Oriental  Rom.; 

pr.  and  v. ;  d.m. 
I/jves  of  the  Angels,  1822  (3  stones  in  c). 
National  Airs,  1823  (3  NoS.)  ;  d.m. 
Odes,  1806,  etc. 

Rhymes  on  the  Road,  1819  (8  extracts). 
Sacred  Songs,  1824  (2  Nos.)  ;  d.m. 
Tom    Crib's  Memorial    to    Congress,   1818   (5 

Nos.) ;   p. 
Tom    Little,  1808.     Poems,  chiefly  amatory, 

published  under  this  pseudonym;  d.m. 
Torch  of  Liberty,  1*14  ;  4  line  St. ;  8.9. 
Twopenny   Post-bag,  1813  (8  "intercepted" 

letters  versified). 
MORS  (Mrs.  Hannah),  1745-1833. 
Ccelelw  in  Search  of  a  Wife,  1809.    Not. 
Sacred  Dramas,  1781    H.M. ;  b.v. 
Search  after  Happine.-s,  1773.    Past,  drama. 

(For  acting  dramas,  see  Aitkndix  I.) 
More  (Sir  Thomas),  1480-1535. 
Utopia,  1516.     Po.Kom. ;  pr. 
Morris  (George),  1802- 

Woodman,  Spare  that  Tree,  1853.    Song. 
Morris  (William),  1834-        (poetry). 
Defence  of  Guenevere,  1858. 
Earthly  I'aradise,  1868, 
Life  and  Death  of  Jason,  1867. 

Otwat  (nomas),  1651-1685. 
Windsor,  1086.    H.M. ;  rh. 

Parnei.l  (Th-rmas),  1679-1718. 

Battle  of  the  Frogs  and  Mice,  1700(3  bks.). 

Mock  Epic,  from  the  Greek.     H.M.  ;  rh. 
Fairy    Tale  (A),   Edwin  and  Sir  Topaz,  1698 

(In  the  ancient  Rng.  style)  ;  €  line  St. ;  8.6. 

(Probably    suggested  to   Burns     his   Dim 

O'ShanUr.) 


DATES  OF  POEMS  AND  NOVELS. 


1164 


Hermit  (The),  1710.     (From  the    Talmud.) 

H.M.;  rh. 
Night-piece    on  Death;   8s,  rh.    (Goldsmitn 

preferred    this    poeni     to    Gray's    famous 

Elegy,  which  it  probably  suggested.) 
Petbr  Pindar  (John  Woicot),  173S-1H19. 
Birthday  Ode,  1786.    (The  visit  of  George  III. 

to  Whitbread's  brewery.)    Irr.m. 
Bozzv  and  Piozzi.  1 796.     A  town  Eel.  in  2  pts. ; 

Dial.;  11. M. ;  rh. 
Lousiad.    An  H.C.  poem  in  5  cantos.    Canto  1. 

1786.     (A  lampoon  on  George  III.,  who  saw 

a  louse  in  his  green  peas  served  at  table, 

and  ordered  his  cooks  to  have  their  heads 

shaved  in  future.)    H.M. ;  rh. 
(.15)   Lyric   Odes,   1782.     Sat.  on  the  Royal 

Academicians ;  d.m. 
Ode  upon  Ode,  1785.    (The  collection  contains 

"  The  King  (George  III.)  and  the  Apple 

Dumplings.")    Irr.m. 
Orson  and  Ellen,  1796.    A  legendary  tale  in 

5  cantos  ;  4  line  St. ;  S.6. 
Pilgrims  and  the  Peas  (The),  1782.  (One  of  the 

early  Lyric  Odes.)     Irr.m. 
Pindariana  or  Peter  Pindar's  Portfolio,  1796. 
Razor  Seller  (Tlie),  1782.    (One  of  the  early 

Lyric  Odes.)    Irr.m. 
Tristia  or  the  Sorrows  of  Pindar,  1796.     St. ; 

H.M. ;  alt.rh. 
Whitbread's  Brewery  visited  by  their  Majes- 
ties.    (See  "  Birthday  Ode.") 
Philips     (Ambrose),    1671-1749    (whig   poet), 

nicknamed  Xamby- I'amby  Philips. 
(6)  Pastorals  (called  by  Tickell  "the  finest  in 

the  language  "),  1748.     H.M.;  rh. 
Philips  (John),  1676-1708  (tory  poet). 
Blenheim,  1705.     H.M. ;  b.v. 
Cyder,  1706  (2  bks.).    Georgic;  H.M.j  b.r. 
Splendid  Shilling  (The),  1703.     (A  parody  on 

the  style  of  Milton.)    II. .VI. ;  b.v. 
POE  (Edgar),  1811-1849. 
Bells(77te),about  1831.  (Word-painting.)Irr.m. 
Eureka,  1848.    A  prose  poem. 
Raven,  about   1831;    6    line  St.;  16.15,  and 

Adonic  of  7. 
Pollok  (Hubert),  1799-1827. 
Course  of  Time  (The),  1827  (10  bks.).      Ep.; 

H.M. ;  b.v. 
Pope  (Alexaiuler),  1688-1744. 
Bathos  or  The  Art  of  Sinking,  1727. 
Dunciad,  pts.  l.-iii.  1726,  publ.  1728,  iv.  1742. 

H.M.;  rh. 
Elegy  on  an  Unfortunate  I*idy,  1717.  H.M. ;  rh. 
Eln'isa  to  Abelard,  1717.     H.M. ;  rh. 
Epilogue  to  the  Satires,  1738.     II. M.;  rh. 
Essay  on  Criticism,  1709.    D.Pm. ;  H.M. ;  rh 
Essay  on  Man,  1733  (I  epist.).  D.Pm.;  H.M.;rh 
Iliad,  i.-iv.  1715,  completed  1719  (begun  1713). 

H.M.;  rh. 
Messiah,  1711.     Sacred  Eel. ;  H.M.J  rh. 
Miscellaneous  Poems,  1709;  d.m. 
Moral  Essays,  i7.il  (6  epist.).    H.M.;  rh. 
Ode  on  St.  Cecilia's  Day,  1708.     Pn. 
Odyssey,  1725  (begun  1721).     H.M.;  rh. 
(i)  Pastorals,  1709.     H.M. ;  rh. 
kape  of  the  Lock,  1712.    H.C.  poem  in  5  cantos. 

H.M.;  rh. 
Satires,   1734.     H.M.;    rh.     (Free   imitations 

of  the  satires  and  epistles  of  Horace.) 
Temple  of  Fame,  1711.     H.M. ;  rh. 
Windsor  Forest,  1704,  1713.    H.M.;  rh. 


Phior  (Matthew),  1664-1721. 

Alma,  1717  (3  cant.).    D.Pm. ;  Iamb.;  8s,  rn. 

Carmen  Secnlare,  1700.    Irr.m. 

City  Mouse  and  Country  Muu-e,   1638.    (In 

ridicule  of  Dryden's  Hind  and  I'anthtr.) 
Solomon,  1718  (3  bks.).     H.M. ;  rh. 

PULTOCK  (/e./,<;rt),  ?  U24-?  1771. 
Peter  \Yilkius,  1750.     Rom.  ;  pr. 

Quarlks  (Francis),  1592-1644. 

Alphabet    of   Elegies  (The),   1625.     (On  In. 

Aylmer.) 
Emblems,  1635;  d.m. 
Enchiridion  of   Meditations,   1641.    Fs.   and 

Ap  horisms. 
Loyal  Convert,  1644. 
Song  of  Anarchus. 

Richard  op  Cirencester  (Hiehardut  C'orinen- 
sis),  1320-1401  (historian). 

De  Situ  Britannia,  1355.     Lat.  pr. 

Historia  ab  Hengista  ad  Ann.  1348.     I.at.  pi. 
Richardson  (Samuel),  1689-1761  (novelist). 

Clarissa  Harlowe,  1748. 

Pamela,  1740. 

Sir  Charles  Grandlson,  1753. 
Ridley  (James),  i  1722-?1777  (pseudonym,  BirU. 
Morell). 
Tales  of  the  Genii,  1751  ;  pr. 
Ritson  (Joseph),  1762-1803. 
Ancient  Songs,  etc.,  1790  ;  d.m. 
Robin  Hood  Ballads,  1795;  d.m. 
Scottish  Songs,  1794;  d.m. 
Rochester  (John  WUmot,  >arl  of),  1647-1680. 
My  Dear  .Mistress  has  a   Heart,   IG6-1  ;  2   St. 
Of  8  lines;   8.9.      (Spoll'orth  selected    tile's* 
words  lor  a  glee,  4  voices.) 
Upon  Nothing,  *  3  line  St. ;  10.10.14,  triple  rh. 
Rogeus  (Samuel),  1763-1855. 

Columbus,  1812(12  cant.).     11. M.;  rh. 
Human  Life,  1819.     D.P.J  H.M.;  rh. 
Italy,  1823  (pt.  i.  22  subjects  ;  pt.  ii.  24  sub- 
jects).    H.M.;  b.v. 
Jacqueline,  1814.     Iamb.;  8s,  rh. 
Pleasures  of  Memory,  1792  (2  pts.).    D.Pm., 

H.M. ;  rh. 
Superstition,  and  other  Poems,  1786-1805  ;d.m. 
Table  Talk,  posthumous  1856 ;  pr. 

Sackville  (Thomas),  earl  of  Dorset,  1536-1608. 
Mirrourfor  Magistraytea,  ioi7.  D.Pm. ;  7  linn 

St.;  H.M.;  rh. 

(For  Qorbo&uc,  see  Aim  indix  I.) 
Savage  (Bit  i:i3. 

Bastard  (  /'.'«  \  1728.     H.M.;  rh. 
Wanderer  (  r/w),  1729(5  eaut.).  D.Pm.;  DM.; 

rh. 
Scot  (Reginald),  1545-1599. 
Dlscoverleof  witchcraft,  1684;  pr.  (This book 

was  burnt  by  the  common  hangman.    Sir 

W.  Scott  wrote  letters  on  demouoiogy  awi 

witchcraft.) 
Scott  (.s',r  Waiter),  1771-1832. 
Abbot,  1820  (time,  Elisabeth),    Nov. 
Anne  ol  Qeteratem,  1829  (time,  Edward  IV.), 

Nov. 
Antiquary,  1816  (time,  George  IIIA    N>t. 
Aunt  Margaret's  Mirror  (time,  William  111.). 

Tale. 
Battle  of  Sempach,  1818.    St.;  8.6. 
Betrothed,  1826  (time,  Henry  1IA    Nor. 


1166 


APPENDIX  II. 


Black  Dwarf,  1816  (time,  Anne).    Nov. 
Border  Minstrelsy,  1805  (.Thomas  the  Rhymer, 

pts.),  etc. 
Bridal  of  Triermain,  1813  (3  cant.).    Rom.  in 

v. ;  8s,  rh. 
Bride  of  Lammermoor,  1819  (time,  William 

III.).    Nov.  ■ 

Castle  Dangerous,  1831  (time,  Henry  I.).  Nov. 
Count  Robert  of  Paris,  1831  (time,  Kufus).  Nov. 
Demonologyand  Witchcralt,  18M  (tetter*)  ;  pr. 
Fair  Maid  of  Perth,  1828  (lime,  Henry  IV.  YN'oV. 
Fire  King  (The),  1801.  Bal. ;  Alex. ;  rh 
For  a'  tliat  an'a'  that,   1814.     Song;  8  line 

St. ;  8.7. 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,  1822  (time,  James  I.).   Nov. 
Frederick  and  Alice,  1801.     Bal. ;  St.;  88. 
Guy  Mannering,  1815(time, George  II.).    Nov. 
Harold  the  Dauntless,  1817  (6  cunt.).     Rom. 

in  v. ;  8s,  rh. 
Heart  of  Midlothian,  1818  (time,  George  II.). 

Nov. 
Hclvellyn,  1805.  Bal. ;  8  line  St. ;  Alex. ;  alt.rh. 
Highland  Widow,  1827  (time,  George  II.).  Tale. 
History  of  Napoleon,  1827.     Hist. ;  pr. 
Hunting  Song,  1808  ;  8  line  St. ;  7s. 
tvanboe,  1819  (time,  Richard  1.).     Nov. 
Kinilwortli,  1821  (time,  Elizabeth).     Nov. 
ljidy   of  the  Ijike,  1809  (6  cant.).     Rom.  In 

v. ;  8s,  rh. 
Liird'n  Jock  (time,  Elizabeth).    Nov. 
Lay  of  Uie  Last  Minstrel,  1805  (6  cant.).  Rom. 

In  v. ;  8s,  rh. 
Legend  of  Montrose,  1819  (time,  Charles  I.). 

Nov. 
Lord  of  the  Isles,  1815  (6  cant.).    Rom.  In 

v.;  8s,  rh. 
M.irmion,  1808  (6  cant.).    Rom.  in  v. ;  8s,  rh. 
Monastery,  1820  (time,  Elizabeth).     Nov. 
Noble  Moringer  (The),  1819.     Bal. ;  Alex. ;  rh. 
Old  Mortality,  1816  (time,  Charles  II.).    Nov. 
Peveril  ol  the  Peak,  1823  (time,  Charles  II.). 

Nov. 
Pirate,  1821  (time,  William  III.).    Nov. 
Quentin  Durward,  1823  (time,  Edward  IV.). 

Nov. 
Redgauntlet,  1824  (time,  George  III.).    Nov. 
Rob  Hoy,  1817  (time,  George  I.).     Nov. 
Rokeby,  1813  (6  cant.).    Rom.  in  v. ;  8s,  rh. 
St.Ronan'8YVell,lH25Ui»»-,,"'on;''llI.).  Nov. 
Surgeon's  Daughter,  1827  (time,  George  II.). 

Nov. 
Tales  of  a  Grandfather,  1827.    Hist,  of  Scot- 
land (3  series) ;  pr. 
Talisman,  1825  (time,  Richard  I.).    Nov. 
Tapestered  Chamber  (time, George  III.).  Tale, 
Two  Drovers,  ISM  (tbne,  George  III.).    Tale. 
Vision  of  Don  Roderick,  1811.    Sp.ra. 
Waverley,  1*14  (time,  <ieorge  El.).    Nov. 
Wild  Huntsman  (The),  1796.    Bal. ;  St. ;  8a, 

alt.rh. 
William  and  Helen,  1796.     Bal. ;  St. ;  8.6,  rh. 
Woodstock,  1826  (time.  Commonwealth).  Nov. 
flei.DKN  (John),  1584-1654. 

Table  Talk,  posthumous  1689;  pr. 
Titles  of  Honour,  1614;  pr. 
■hakesi-eark  (  William),  1564-1616. 

Lover's  Complaint,  1609 ;  7  line  St. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Passionate  Pilgrim,  1599;  14  line  St.  J  II  M.;rh. 
Rape  of  Lucreco,  1694  ;  7  line  St. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
(164)  Sonnets.  1598. 
Venus  and  Adonis.  1593  ;  •  line  St. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 


Shelley  (Percy  Bysthe),  1792-18M. 
Adonais,  1821.  A  Mon.  on  Keats. 
Alastor    or    The    Spirit    of    Solitude,    111*. 

H.M.;  b.v. 
Arethusa,  1820.     Ode. 
Cloud  (The),  1820.    Ode. 
Epipsyt-hidion,  1821. 
Julian  and  Maddalo,  1820.    -  A  Conversation." 

H.M.;  rh. 
Ode  to  the  West  Wind. 
Queen  Mab,  1813  (aged   18),  In  rhythm  not 

rhyme. 
Revolt  of  Islam,  1817  (12  cant.).    Sp.m. 
Rosalind  and  Helen.     Dial. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Skylark  (.ite),  1820.  Ode;  5  line  St. ;  7.7.7.7.13. 
Witch  of  Atlas,  1820  (composed  'n  three  days). 
(For  his  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appkxdix  I.) 
Shenstone  (  H  Uliam),  1714-1763. 
(26)  Elegies,  1743-46. 
Jemmy  Dawson,  1745.     Bal. ;  8a. 
Judgment    of    Hercules,    posthumous    17*4. 

Dim.;  H.M.;  rh. 
Odes,  Songs,  and  Ballads  1750-54  ;  dm. 
Pastoral  Ballad,  1743  (4  pts.) ;  8  line  St. ;  88,  rh. 
Progress  of  Taste,  posthumous  1764  (4  pts.); 

8s,  rh. 
Schoolmistress,  1758.    Sp.m. 
Written  at  an  Inn  at  Henley,  1741.  (In  praise 
of  inn  life) i  4  line  St.;  8a,  rh. 
Sidney  (Sir  l-hilip),  1554-1586. 

Arcadia,  1580.  published  1590-93.     An  heroic 

romance;  I'.l'r. 
Astrophel  and  Stella  (a  collection  of  songs 

and  sonnets),  posthumous  1591 ;  d.m. 
Defence  ol  Poe.sie,  15*3,  published  1596;  pr. 
Suou.ETT(7bbuu),  1721-1771  (novels). 
Adventures  of  an  Atom,  1769. 
Ferdinand  Count  Fathom,  1763. 
Humphry  Clinker,  1770. 
Peregrine  Pickle,  1751. 
Bodi  rick  Random.  1748. 
Sir  Launcelot  Or.uves,  1760. 
SosiKUVli.l.K  (William),  1692-174J. 
Chase  (The),  1736.    H.M. ;  b.v. 
South f.t  (Robert),  1774-1843. 

All  for  Love  or  A  Sinner  Well  Saved,  ISM 

(9  pts.)  ;  6  line  St. ;  8.6. 
Battle  of  Blenheim,  179*.  Bal.;  6  line  St.;  8A. 
Bishop  Bruno,  1798.     Bal.  ;  4  line  St. ;  9s. 
Bishop  H.itto  (eaten  by  rate),  1799.     Bal. 
(4)  Botany  Bay  Eclogues,  1794.    H.M. ;  b.v. 
Cataract  ol  Lodore,1820.(  Word-painting. )  Irrjn. 
Curse  of  Kehama,  1809  (24  subdivisions).    A 

Rom.  in  rh.;  Irr.m. 
Devil's  Walk  (The),  1830.    Bal. 
Doctor  (The),  1834.    Nov. ;  pr. 
(9)  Knglish  Eclogues,  1798-1803.     H.M.;  b.v. 
Holly  Tree  (The),  1798.    Ode;  6  line  St.;  8.4. 
InchcapeRock(7fte).  1802.  Bal.;  4  lineSt. ;  ss, 
Joan  of  Arc,  1796(10  bks.).  Kp. ;  H.M.;  b.v 
Madoc,  1805  (pt.  i.  in  18  subdivisions;  pt.  ii. 

in  27  subdivisions).     Ep  ;  b.v. 
Mary,  On  Maid  of  the  Inn,  1796.     BaL ;  6  line 

St.;  8.6. 
Metrical  Tales,  1804;  d.m. 
Old  Woman  of  Berkeley,  1798.    Bal. ;  4  line 

St.;  8.6. 
Pig    (Defence  of  the),   1798.    -A  colloquial 

poem."     H.M.  ;  b.v. 
Pilgrim  of  Compostella  (The),  1829  (4  pts  J.  A 
Lg.  In  v. 


DATES  OF  POEMS  AND  NOVELS. 


11«7 


Roderick,  the  Last  of  the  Goths,  begun  1809, 
finished     1814     (24     subdivisions).      Ep. ; 
H.M. ;  b.v. 
St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,  1801.    Bal. ;  6  line  St. 
Tale  of  Paraguay,  1814  (4  cant.).   Sp.m. 
Thalaba  the  Destroyer,  1800  (12  bks.).   Dr.Pm. ; 

rhythm  not  rhyme. 
Vision  of  Judgment,  1822  (12  subdivisions). 

(The  apotheosis  of  George  111.)    Hex. 
Well  of  St.  Keyne  (The),  1798.    Bal. ;  4  line 
St.;  11.7. 
(r->r  Wat  Tyler,  see  ArrENDix  I.) 
Bpenser  (Edmund),  1553-1599. 

Astrophel,  1594.    A  Past.  Eleg. ;  6  line  St. ; 

H.M.;  rh. 
Colin  Clout's  Come  Home  Again,  1591  (?  1694). 

H.M. ;  alt.rh. 
Court  of  Cupid  (The),  *  (lost). 
Daphnaida,  1592  (7  fits).    An  Eleg.  In  7  line 

St. ;  H.M.,  with  an  Alex. 
Dreams,  1580  (lost). 
Dying  Pelican  (The),  1580  (lost). 
Epithalamium,    1595.     A  marriage  song;  18 

line  St. ;  H.M. ;  rh. 
Faery  Queen,  bks.  i.-iil.  1590,  iv.-vi.  1596  (6 
allegorical    romances,    partly    connected). 
Sp.m. 
(4)  Hymns,  1596  (Love,   Beauty,   Heavenly 

Love,  Heavenly  Beauty). 
Legends,  *  (lost). 

Mother  Hubbeid's  Tale,  1591.    H.M. ;  rh. 
Muiopotmos  or  The  Fate  of  the  Butterfly, 

1590.     55  8-line  St. ;  H.M.;  rh. 
Pmthalamion,  1596.    Spousal  verses. 
Purgatory  of  Lovers,  *  (lost). 
Ruins  of  Rome,  1590  (33  sonnets  of  Bellay 

translated). 
Ruins  of  Time,  1590  ;  97  St. ;  Sp.m. 
Suepheardes  Calendar,  1579  (12  Eel.)  ;  d.m, 
Slomber,  1579  (lost). 
Sonnets,  1592-93  (lost). 

Tears  of  the  Muses,  1590;  6  line  St.;  H.M.;  rh. 

Virgil's  Gnat,  about  1588.     (A  translation  of 

the   Cultx);    8  line  St.;    H.M.,   with    an 

Alex.;  rh. 

Visions   of  the    World's    Vanity,   1590    (12 

sonnets). 

(His  nine  "  comedies  "  are  all  lust.) 
Btf.rke  (Lawrence),  1713-1768. 
Sentimental  Journey,  1768;  pr.    (It  was  In- 
tended to  be  jottings  in  a  journey  through 
France  and  Italy,    but   he    never  reached 
Italy.) 
Tristram  Shandy,  1759-67.   Nov. 
Stow  (John),  1525-1605. 
Annals  of  England,  1580 ;  pr. 
Summary  ol  the  Chronicles  of  England,  1581  ;pr. 
Survey  of  London,  1598;  pr. 
Btowf.  (Mrs.  Beecher),  1814- 
Dr^d,  1856.    Nov. 
Minister's  Wooing,  1859.     Nov. 
Pearl  of  Orr's  Island,  1862;  pr. 
Sunny  Memories,  etc.,  1851 ;  pr. 
Uncle  Tom's  Cabin,  1852.    Nov. 
Bwikt  (Jonathan),  1667-1745. 

Arguments  for  the  Abolition  of  Christianity, 

1708.  Silt.;  pr. 
Battle  of  the  Books,  1704.  A  burlesque  Alleg. ; 

pr. 
Cadenus  and  Vanessa,  1713.     Iamb. ;  8s,  rh. 
City  Shower  (  Descript  ion  of  a),  1710.  H.M.;  rh. 


Drapier's   Letters,    1724.      (Against   Wood'i 

halfpence  and  farthings)  ;  pr. 
Gulliver's  Travels,  1727.    Tales;  pr. 
Polite  Conversation,  1738;  pr. 
Predictions,   1708  (a  jeu  d'esprit  under   tho 

pseudonym  of  Isaac  Bickerstaff). 
(26)  Riddles,  1724;  p.;  8s. 
Stella  (7b),  1720-26  (Birthday  Ode  <>ach  year) 

Iamb.;  8s. 
Tale  of  a  Tub,  1704.    Sat  in  pr.  on  Calvin, 

Luther,  and  the  pope. 
Swinburne  (Algernon  ('.),  1837- 
Poems  and  Ballads,  1866  ;  d.m. 

Tales  of  the  Genii,  by  sir  Chas.  Morell  (th# 
pseudonym  of  Rev.  James  Ridley),  1764 ;  }.r. 
Tannahill  (Robert),  1774-1810  (Scotch  poet). 
Flower  of  Dumblane  (The),  1807.  Song;  8  una 
St.;  Alex.;  alt.rh. 
Tenntson  (Alfred),  1809- 

Charge  ol  the  Light  Brigade,  1854.    St. ;  7*. 

Dying  Swan,  1830  (3  subdivisions);  d.m. 

Early  Poems ;  d.m. 

Enoch  Arden,  1864.     H.M.;  b.T. 

Hero  and  Leander,  1830. 

(7)  Idylls  ol  the  King,  1858-59.     H.M. ;  b.v. 

In  Memoriam,  1850  (131  subdivisions);  4  line 

St.;  8s,  rh.  1.4,2.3. 
Lady  Clara  VeredeVere,  1833;  8  line  St;  8s,  rh 
Lilian,  1830. 

IxKksley  Hall,  1833 ;  2  line  St. ;  15s,  rh. 
Lotus- Eater,  1833.    H.M. ;  rh. 
Mariana,  1830  (2  pts.). 
Maud,  1855  (3  pts.);  d.m. 
Mermaid,  1830 ;  d.m. 

Miller's  Daughter,  1833  ;  8  line  St. ;  8a,  alt.rh, 
Oriana,  1830.    Bal. 

Princess  (Th  ),  1*30  (7  pts.).    H.M. ;  b.v. 
Revenge  (The),  1878.     Naval  song. 
Siege  of  Lucknow,  1879. 

Wellington  (Death  of  the  Duke  of),  1852.   tn.e. 
(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Thackeuav  (William  Makepeace),  1811-1863, 
Adventures  of  Philip,  1861.  Not. 
Barry  Lyndon,  1*53.    Nov. 
Book  of  Snobs,  1848;  pr. 
English  Humourista,  1853;  pr. 
Esmond,  1852.    Nov. 
Four  Georges,  1860.    Lecturea  ;  pr. 
Newcomes,  1855.    Nov. 
Pendennis,  1850.    Nov. 
Vanity  Fair,  lsto— 18.    Nov. 
Virginians,  1*59.    Nov. 
Thompson  (William),  1733-1768. 

Sickness,  1746;  p. 
Thomson  (Alexander),  1762-1803. 

Paradise  of  baste,  1790  (6  cant)  j  d.m. 
Thomson  (James),  1700- 1 748. 

Autumn,  1730.     Des. I'm.;  H.M.;  b.v. 
Britannia,  i";:t.    11. M.;  b.v. 
Castle  of  Indolence,  it-j*  (2  cant.).  Sp.m. 
Liberty,  1735  (6  pts.).   H.M.;  b.v.  (Thonghl 

by  Thomson  himself  to  Iw  his  best  poem.) 
Rulr  Britannia,  17*0.    Song;  Iamb.;  Bs;  4  line 
St.,  wiili  '-  ol  chorus  Troon.    (Written  t"i 
the  masque  called  Alfred.) 
Seasons  (complete),  i"30. 
Spring,  1738,     Des.Pm.;  H.M.;  b.r. 
Bummer,  1727.    Des,Pm.;  H.M.;  b.v. 
Winter,  L726.    Des.Pm.;  ELM.;  b.v. 
(For  his  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I  ) 


1168 


APPENDIX  -II. 


Tickell  (Thoma.s),  1686-1740. 

Colin  and  Lucy,  about  1720.     Bal. ;  8  line  St. ; 
Iamb. ;  8 .6.    (Gray  calls  it  "  the  prettiest  in 
the  world.") 
Klegy  on  Addison,   1719.     H.M.;   rh.     (Dr. 
Johnson  says,  "  A  more  sublime  and  elegant 
funeral  poem  is  not  to  be  found.  .  .") 
Imitation  of  the  prophecy  of  Ncreus,   1715. 
(On  the  Jacobite  outbreak.)     Iamb.;  8s,  rh. 
Kensiugtor.   jarden,  about  1730.     A  Rom.  in 
v.;  ELM.;  rh.    (He  also  translated  bk.  I. 
of  Homer's   Iliad,   which   many    prefer    to 
Pope's  version.) 
Tom  and  Jerry,  by  Pierce  Egan,  1821-22 ;  8s. 
Turkish  Spy,  by  John  Paul  Maruua,  1637- 

82;  pr.     (See  "English  Spy.") 
TUSSKU  (Thomas),  1515-1580. 

Five   Hundred    Points  of   Good    Husbandry, 

1557  (57  chap.).    D.Pm. ;  d.m. 
Points  of  Housewifery,  about  15G3.  D.I'm.;  d.m. 

Valentine  and  Orson,  i5thccnt. ;  pr. 
VaUX  (Thomas,  lord),  151U-1557. 
"I  Loath  that  1  did  Live,"  ir.50;  4  line  St.; 
6.6.8.6,  alt.rh.    (This  poem  is  very  interest- 
ing,   because    the    Gravedigger   in   Hamlet 
quotes  it : 

A  pickaxe  and  a  spade, 

And  eke  a  shrouding  sheet, 
A  house  of  clay  for  to  be  made 
For  such  a  guest  most  meet.) 

Wacf,  (Robert),  about  1090-1183. 

Knit  d' Angleterre(Anglo-Noinian  Rom.,  1 155). 

Hist. Rom.  in  v. ;  8s. 
Roman  de  Eton  (i.e.  Rollo),  1170(2  pi*.).   (The 

dukes  of  Nurmandy  to  117U);  pt.  i.  Alex.; 

pt.  ii.  Hs. 
Wat.i.i.k  (I-Almund),  1605-1687. 

Divine  Love,  1685  (6  ant.).    H.M.;  rh. 
Fear  of  God,  1686  (2  cant.).    11. M. ;  rh. 
Instructions  to  a  Painter,  1665.    ELM.;  rh. 
Invasion    and    Defeat    of    the   Turks,    1683. 

H.M.;  rh. 
To  My  Lord  Protector,  1656.    Panegyric  ;    4 

line  St.;  II. M.;  rh. 
To  the  King  (Charles  II.),  on  Ilia  Restoration, 

1660.     H.M.;  rh. 
Welcome  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  1677  ;  4  line 

St.;  8s,  alt.rh. 
Wauken  (Samuel),  1807- 
Dlary  of  a  Late  Physician,  1830;  pr. 
Lily  and  the  Bee,  1851. 
Now  and  Then,  *    Nov. 
Ten  Thousand  a  Year,  1839-41.    Nov. 
Wauton  (Tltomas),  1728-1790. 

History  of   English    Poetry,  vol.   I.   1774,   ii. 

1778,  iii.  1781;  pr. 
Triumph  of  Isis,  1749.    (A  poetic  reply  t> 

Mason.)    II. M.;  rh. 
Watts  (Isaac),  1674-1748. 
Divine  Songs,  1726;  d.m. 
llora*  Lyricaj,  1706;  d.m. 
Hymns,  1707  ;  d.m. 
Lo^ic,  1725;  pr. 
Moral SongB,  1730;  d.m. 
Palinode  (.1),  1721 ;  «s,  rh. 
Psalms  of  David,  1719;  d.m. 
W'kbsteu  (Jiev.  H'.),  1S27- 
Basque  Leg.  nds,  1*77  ;  pr. 
fla*iUf  Poetry,  1875. 


West  (Dr.  Gilbert),  1706-1756. 

Pindar's  Odea  translated,  1749.     Pn. 
Wilkie  (  William),  1721-1772  (Scotch  poet). 

Epigoniad.  1753.     (Called  the  Scotch  flij*L\ 
Ep. ;  H.M.;  rh. 
Willis  (Nathaniel  /*.),  1807-1867  (poet). 

Absalom,  1846. 

Hagar,  1H46. 

iy  per  (The\  imig. 
WQBD8WOBTH  (William),  1770-1850. 

Descriptive  Sketches  in  Verse,  1793.  H.M. ;  tn. 

Ecclesiastical  Sketches,  1822  (3pts.).  Sonnets. 

Evening  Walk,  1703.     H.M.;  rh. 


Excursion,  1814  (9  bks.).    D.Pm.;  H.M. ;  Kv. 
ad 

line  St. ;  9.8. 


Goody  Blake  and  Harry  Gill,  1798.     Bad.;  8 


Idiot  Boy  (The),  1819  ;  5  line  St. ;  8.6. 

Lyrical  Ballads,  1798;  d.m. 

Memorials  of  a  Tour  in  Scotland,  1803,  1814; 

d.m. 
Memorials  of  a  Tour  on  the  Continent,  1820; 

d.m. 
Ode,  1803-6. 

Pet  Lamb  (FA*),  1793.     Past. Bal. ;   Alex. 
Peter  Bell,  1819  (3  pts.);  5  line  St. ;  8s. 
Prelude,  lsso. 

Sonnets  to  Liberty,  1802-16. 
Waggoner  (The).  1819  (4  cunt.);  8s. 
We  are  Seven,  1793.    Bal.;  s.7. 
White  Doe  of  Rhylstone,  1815  (7  cant.);  8s. 

The  poems  of    Wordstvorth  are  arranged 
thus : — 

1.  Poems  referring   to   the  period  of  Child- 

hood (15). 

2.  Juvenile  pieces  (4). 

3.  Poems  of  the  Imagination  (31). 

4.  Miscellaneous  Sonnets  (93). 

5.  Memorials  ol  a  Tour  in  Scotland,  1803(16). 

6.  „  „  „         „  1814  (4> 

7.  Poems  on  the  Naming  of  Places  (6). 

8.  Inscriptions  (13). 

9.  Sonnets  to  Liberty  (25). 

10.  Odes  (44). 

11.  Memorials  of  a  Tour  on  the  Continent  (36), 

12.  Ecclesiastical  Sketches,  pt.  i.  (37),  ii.  (36\ 

iii.  (33). 

13.  The  River  Duddon  Sonnets  (35). 

14.  Poems  of  Sentiment  and  Affection  (36). 

15.  Poems  referring  to  the  period  of  Old  At* 

(5). 

16.  Epitaphs  and  Elegiac  Poems  (14). 

17.  The  Waggoner. 

18.  Peter  Bell. 

19.  The  White  Doe. 

20.  The  Excursion. 

Young  (Edward),  1684- 1766. 
Centaur  not  Fabulous  (77i«),  1754;  pr. 
Death  of  Queen  Anne,  1714.    H.M.;  rh. 
Epistle  to  Lord  Lmsdowne,  1712.     H.M. ;  rn. 
(2)  Epistles  to  Pope,  1730.    H.M. ;  rh. 
Force  of  Religion  or  Vanquished  1/ove,  1716. 

(On  the  execution  of  lady  Jane  Grey.)  H.M.; 
rh. 
Imperium    Pelagl,  1729.    A    naval  lyr*   ■» 

strains);  6  line  St. ;  8.10. 
Last  Day,  1713.     H.M.  ;  rh. 
Night  Thoughts,  1742-46(9  nights).  H.M.;  D.V. 
Resignation,  1761  (2  pts.);  4  line  St.;  8.6. 
Universal    Passion  (The).     Sat.     (By  tUi.  ha 

realized  above  X3UUU.) 


DATES  OF  POEMS  AND  NOVELS. 


1103 


FOREIGN. 

jEsop,  Fables,  about  B.C.  670.    Greek  Ep. ;  Hex. 
Amadis  i>k  Gall,  begun  by  Vasco  de  Lobeira, 

14tb  cent.;  finished  by  6undry  hands,  15th 

cent.     Old  French,  pr. 
Arabian  Nights,  lirst  published  in  Paris 

by  Antony  Gallant],  1701-17.    The  best  are 

Indian ;    the    sentimental    love    tales    are 

Persian ;  the  witty,  comical  ones  are  Arabic. 

Arabic  pr.  tales. 
Argonauts    {The),    by    Apollonius    Rhodius, 

about  B.C.  200  (4  bks).    Greek  Ep. ;  Hex. 

Translated    into    English  by  Fawkes  and 

Green,  1780;  and  in  English  verse  by  W. 

Preston  1803.    H.M. ;  rh. 

Chinese  Tales,  by  Gueulette,  1723.  French,  pr. 

Chrestien  de  Troyes,  the  Chevalier  au 
Lion,  Clievalier  de  l'Epee,  Sir  Lancelot  du 
Lac,  in  metrical  French  (before  1200). 

Chronicles  of  Albericus  Trium  Fontium,  1242. 
iMtin  pr. 

Cm  ( The),  1 040-1099.  The  Spanish  Chronicle  of 
the  C'id,  13th  cent.,  first  printed  in  1541,  and 
a  second  by  Medina  del  Campo,  in  1552. 
The  Spanish  Poem  of  the  Cid  dates  from 
1207,  and  102  ballads  on  the  Cid  in  Spanish 
were  published  in  1015.  Southey  published 
an  excellent  Knglish  Chronicle  in  1808. 
Lockhart  has  rendered  eight  of  them  into 
English  ballads;  and  George  Dennis  has 
strung  together,  in  prose  and  verse,  a  con- 
nected tale  of  the  great  Spanish  hero,  1815. 
(The  Cid,  in  Spanish  romance,  occupies  t.1  io 
same  position  as  Arthur  in  English  story, 
Charlemagne  in  French,  and  Thcodorick  in 
German.) 

Contes  de  Fees,  by  Claude  Perrault,  1697. 
French  pr.  fairy  tales. 

Creation  or  La  Premiere  Semaine,  by  Du 
Bartas,  about  1570.  French  Ep. ;  H.M. 
English  version  by  Joshua  Sylvester,  1605. 

Decameron,  by  Boccaccio,  1350.  Italian  pr. 
tales.  An  English  version  by  G.  Standfast, 
and  by  many  others. 

Diable  Boiteux  (Devil  on  Two  Sticks),  by 
Lessee,  1707.    French  pr.  tale. 

Divina  Com i  pia,  by  Dante:  Inferno  13(10,  Pur- 
gatory 1308,  Paradise  1311.  Italian  Ep, 
I>oems.  English  translations  by  Boyd,  I7s5; 
Gary,  1814,  b.v. ;  Wright,  18^3,  triple  rh. ; 
Caley,  1851-65,  ter.rh. ;  Pollock,  1854,  b.v.; 
etc. 

Don  Quixote,  by  Cervantes,  pt.  I.  1605,  II. 
1615.  Sjwnish  Nov.  English  versions  by 
Dnrfey,  Jarvte,  Motteux,  skelton,  Smollett 
1765,  Wilmot,  etc    AU  in  pr. 

Fables,  by  Lafontaine,  iocs.    French;  a.m. 
Fairy  Talks,  by  la  OomteaM  D'Aunoy,  1682, 
French  pr. 

Gauoantua,  by  Rabelais,  1533.     French   Not. 

English  version  by  Urquhart  and  Motteux, 

L663, 
Ou.   Ki.as,  by  Lesage,  bks.   i.-iii.  1715,  iv.-vi. 

If 34, TiL-xll.  1736.     Freiich  Nov.    English 

vcrsioi  by  Smollett    pr. 


Goblin  Stories,  by  the  brothers  Grimm,  1812 

German  pr. 
Goethe,  1749-1832  (German). 
Acliilliad  (77m;).  about  1800. 
Farbenlehre,  lxiu. 

Hermann  and  Dorothea,  1797.    Poem. 
Metamorphosis  of  Plants,  1790.    Ea. 
Werther,  1114.    Uom. 

Wilhelm  Meister.puL  1794-96, it.  1821.   Rom. 
(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  APPKHDrX  I.) 
Gulistan  (Garden  of  liotes),   by  Saadi,   nth 
cent.    Persian  p. 

Henriade,    by    Voltaire,    1724    (10    chants). 

French  Ep. ;  rh. 
Herbelot  (>>'),   BfbllothSqne  Orientale,   ao 

Oriental  Miscellany,  1697.     French  pr. 
Hitopadesa,  an  epitome  of  the  Pancha  TUntra, 

6th  cent.  B.C.     Hindu. 
Homer,  Iliad  (2 1  bks.),  composed  in  the  prime 

of  his  life,  about  B.C.  962.     Gree-'c  Ep.  ;  Hex. 
OdyBsey  (24  bks.),  composed  in  mature!  age, 

about  B.C.  927.     i.'rck  Y.y.  ;  Hex. 
These  poems  were  first  reduced  to  writing  by 

Pisistratos  of  Athens,  n.o.  531.     Engli  b 

versions  by  Chapman,    Alex.,  Iliad   lCUJ, 

Odyssey  1614;   Cowper,    H.M,    b.v.,  17'Jl; 

Pope,  H.M.,  rh.,  Iliad  lTI'.i,  Odyuejf   L726  ; 

lord  Derby,  Iliad  1864  ;  VYonley,  vdystey, 

Sp.m.,  1861 ;  etc.,  etc. 

Jerusalem  Delivered,  by  Tasso,  1576.  Italian 
Ep.  English  version  by  Hoole;  H.M.;  rh.; 
1762. 

Lokman,  Fables,  contemporary  with  David 
and  Solomon.    Arabian  ,  dm. 

Lusiad,  by  Camoens,  1572  (in  lu  bks.).  Portu- 
guese Ep.    English  versions  by  Fanahawe, 

1655;  and  by  Mickle,  II. M.,  rh.,  1775. 

Messiah,  by  Klopstock,  bks.  i.-lil.  174^,  iv.-xv. 
1771.  German  Kp.  There  are  English  ver- 
sions both  in  pr  and  v. 

MXTAKORFHOaXS,  about  A.P.  6.  Ovid  (in  15 
bks.).  latin;  Hex.  English  version  by 
Dr.  Garth,  assisted  by  Drydeii,  iVngreve, 
Howe,  and  several  othl  is,  Kit;.   H.M.  ;  rh. 

Moral  Talks,  by  Maruionul,  1761.  French  pr. 

Nibi-iangen  Died,  1210  (in  no  tdveulures> 
From  Bnorro  Stm  to.     OU  Her- 

man Ep.  Transplanted  Into  Germany  by 
the  minnesingers.  English  version  by 
Lettsom,  1850;  Alex. 

Oriental  Tales,  by  comtc  do  CaylOB,  174«. 
French  pr. 

Orlando   Fikioso.  by   Arlo>to,  1516.     Italia* 
Bom.;  p-    English  version  by  liar 
1634;  an  abridged  version  by  Hoole,  H.M., 
rh..   17.H3;  and  a  third  by  W.  S.  1U*.        ■ 
(unabridged), 

Oblajtoo  bniAMOJUTO,  by  BoJardo,  1495  (m  3 
bks, unfinished}    ltai*a»»B*in.tp.     rhrei 
more  books  were  added,  In  1631,  w 
i mi ;    aud    the    whole    was    ninod- l..-d    by 
Berni. 

Panciia  Tantra,  a  collection  of  Hindu  fablea, 

tali  e.  nt.  B.O,     Bi 
Pantauklkl,  by  Rabelais,  1645.     French  Nov. 

4  V 


1170 


APPENDIX  II. 


English  version  by  Urquhart  and  Motteux, 

1653. 
Paul  and  Virginia,  by  St.  Pierre,  1788.  French 

tale ;  pr. 
Phsedrus.  Fables,  about  a.d.  25,  chiefly  from 

iKsop.    J  Ait  in  v. 
Phaiisalia  (The),  by  Lucan,  about  ad.  60  (in 

10  bks.).    Ixitin  Ep. ;  Hex.    English  version 

by  Rowe,  1729;  and  a  literal  translation  by 

Riley,  in  Bobn'a  series. 
Pilpay,  Fables,  compiled  from  the  Pancha 

Tantra  and  other  sources,  4th  cent.  B.C. 

Indian. 
Pliny.  Natural  History,  about  a.d.  77.     Ixitin 

pr.     English  version  by  Bostock  and  Riley, 

in  Bohn's  series. 
Plutarch,  Parallel  Lives,  about  a.d.  110-13. 

Greek  pr.     English  version  by  Langhorne, 

1771;    another  by   Dryden  and  others,  re- 

edited  by  Clougb.     All  in  pr. 

Bbtnard  tub  Fox,  1498.     German  pr. 

Romance ov  the  Bosk,  by  Guillaumc  de  1/orris, 
13th  cent.  Continuation  by  Jeande  Mi-iing, 
14th  cent.  French  Rum.  ;  p.  English 
poetic  version  by  Chaucer,  in  8  syL  v.,  about 


Tklf.machts,  by  Fenelon,  1700  (in  24  bks.), 
French  pr.  Ep.  English  version  by  Dr. 
Hawkesworth,  1810;  pr. 

Tui' ha  id,  by  Statius,  about  a.d.  86  (in  12  bks.) 
Ixitin  Ep. ;  Hex.  An  English  version  by 
Pope,  Stephens,  Lewis,  and  Howard. 
H.M. ;  rh. 

Undine,  by  De  la  Motte  Fouque,  1813.  An  Eng- 
lish version  was  published  by  Routlcdgn 
and  Sons,  in  1875. 

Victor  Hugo,  1802-        (French  poet  and 

novelist). 
Autumn  Leaves,  1832  ;  p. 
La^t  Days  of  a  niiMlniiimi  Criminal,  182*. 
Miserables  (/.<*),  1862.    Nov. 
Nutre  Dame  de  Paris,  1831.     Nov. 
Odes  and  Ballads,  vol.  1.  1822,  ii.  1826  ;  d.m. 
Orientates  (A«),  1828. 
Travailleurs  de  la  Mer,  1866. 

(For  dramatic  pieces,  see  Appendix  I.) 
Virs-il,  .En.-id  (in  12  bks.),  B.C.  27-20.     Ixitin 

Kp. ;  H«>x.     English    version  by  Drydea, 

H.M.,   rh.,    1697;    another   by   Conington. 

1 866 ;  and  one  in  literal  pr.  by  Davidson,  tea 

Bohn's  sir!—. 


